BIOGRAPHICAL - 75 streets. This building they arranged for offices, and it was called "Gardner Place." Judge Doyle occupied the first floor, and Pratt & Wilson all the rooms on the second floor, and they made most commodious and comfortable offices. This was then a "pioneer" movement, for before that time St. Clair street was the extreme western boundary for law offices. In 1892, Pratt & Wilson were compelled to vacate these offices, on account of the erection of the present Gardner Building. They then took offices on the fourth floor of the Produce Exchange, numbers 44 and 43. Mr. Wilson continued in these offices, after the dissolution of the firm of Pratt & Wilson, until February, 1897, when he took offices on the fifth floor of the new Gardner Building, numbers 313 and 516, where he has since remained. While engagedin the active practice of his profession, Mr. Wilson was thoroughly grounded in the fundamental principles and theory of the law, as well as in the decisions of the courts. He had a retentive and active memory, and when a legal question was presented to him, he could ordinarily give the title of a decision in point, with the volume and page where it could be found. In 1884, the Republicans of Lucas, Ottawa, Sandusky, Erie, and Huron counties, comprising the First sub-division of the Fourth Judicial District of Ohio, nominated Mr. Wilson as their candidate for Common Pleas Judge. This judicial sub-division was largely Democratic. Mr. Wilson ran ahead of his ticket in every county, especially in Lucas county, where he resided, and for a time after the election his election was conceded, but when the Democratic votes from the wilds of Ottawa counts- were all counted and returned, it was found that he was beaten by a small majority. This was the year in which Grover Cleveland was elected President of the United States. In 1888, Mr. W ilson was again nominated for Common Pleas Judge, by the Republicans of the same counties, but was again unable to overcome the Democratic majority against him. On Nov. 1, 1893, he was chosen a director of the First National Bank, of Fremont, Ohio, and has been re-elected each year since then. On Aug. 5, 1904, he was elected vice-president of that hank. which position he held until April 4. 1903, when he was elected its president, and has each year since been re-elected to that position. During the past six or seven years. he has been interested in the production of crude petroleum oil from wells drilled by him on land owned by him in Sandusky county, Ohio. During the past number of years, lie has devoted a great deal of time to the development of his farm property, of which he has a large amount in Lucas, Wood, and Sandusky counties. He is a stockholder in a number of banking institutions, besides the First National Bank of Fremont, and also in industrial corporations. The above matters, together with the care of other property interests, has taken so much of his time of late years that he has substantially withdrawn from the active practice of law. In politics, Mr. Wilson has always been a Republican. When a young man, he took a very active part in politics and was always a delegate to conventions from the old Seventh ward, which then comprised all of 76 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY the territory from Monroe to Cherry streets, and from Woodruff avenue to the western city line. He was Republican ward committeeman for that ward for years, and he served for many years as a member of the city and county. Central and Executive committees. He served as chairman of the Republican City Committee, and was judicial committeeman for Lucas county. He was always among the campaign speakers, who awoke the echoes and stirred up the natives. He is a member of Sanford L. Collins Lodge of Free & Accepted Masons, of Toledo, Ohio; a member of the Toledo Club and of the Country Club, and for many years was a member of the Burns Curling Club. Mr. Wilson's parents were staunch members of the Protestant Episcopal church, and he was baptized in that church, but never became a member of the same. On Sept. 6, 1876, Mr. Wilson was married to Cornelia L., daughter of Isaac E. and Cornelia B. Amsden, of Fremont, Ohio. Two children were born of this marriage—Cornelia A., who is married to William F. Johnson, of Pittsburg, Pa.: and justice Wilson, who married Marion L., ,daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Samuel B. Sneath, of Tiffin, Ohio. Justice Wilson is a member of the Lucas county bar. Mr. Wilson is about five feet nine inches in height and weighs 215 pounds. He has a dark complexion and grayish blue eyes. He has always been an omnivorous reader. He spent his evenings at home, and usually read from early evening until 12 o'clock, or later. He has a large and diversified library of books, which he accumulated as he read them. He has no books for show, and he can truly say that all the books on his shelves are old friends, with whom he has spent many a pleasant hour. He has a great fund of humor and a quick and ready wit, and a good story .for every occasion. The "good things" he has said are without number. He has frequently been called upon to act as toastmaster at banquets, and he has rarely escaped being down for a response to a toast at the bar and other banquets he has attended. Amos McDonnall, city auditor of Toledo, in many respects one of the most valuable public servants ever elected to municipal office in Ohio, and senior member of the firm of McDonnall & Decker, insurance brokers, with offices at 107 Chamber of Commerce building, is one of Toledo's most popular citizens. He first beheld the light of day in Delaware county, Ohio, April 6, 1864, and is of Scotch descent, a son of Henry and Millie (Bossie) McDonnall, who were born. educated, and united in marriage in the Dominion of Canada. In 1850, they came to the United States, settling on a farm in Delaware county, Ohio, where they maintained their residence for about fifteen years, and then removed to Henry county, in this State, where both passed to the life eternal. Amos McDonnall is the eighth in order of birth of the nine children born to his parents, having seven brothers and one sister and he and a brother Henry, the youngest of the children, who resides on Dorr street, in Toledo, are the only members of the family living in Lucas county. The early educational training of the immediate subject of this memoir was that afforded in the common schools in BIOGRAPHICAL - 77 the vicinity of his boyhood home, in Henry county, and he took up his residence in Toledo, in 1890. He graduated at Steedman's Business College there, in 1892, and shortly afterward embarked in the insurance business by himself, entering into his present partnership with Bert Decker, several years later. Mr. McDonnall was actively and very successfully engaged in the insurance business until January, 1908, when he assumed his present duties as city auditor, to which office he was elected at the general election, in November of the preceding year, and, though still a member of the above insurance firm, he has shared in none of its earnings since entering upon the duties of city auditor. It has come to be generally recognized that the people, en masse, are today more thoughtful, more careful, and better informed concerning municipal government and public affairs than ever before, and they were correct in their assumption and in their judgment regarding the nomination and election of Amos McDonnall as city auditor, for he has proven himself to be one of the most capable officials who ever occupied that position of large responsibility and public trust. His exceptional aptitude and executive ability have caused the city auditor's office of Toledo to be one of the most talked of and patterned after in the country. He has performed the duties of the office with credit to himself and the public judgment, and with pronounced profit to the taxpayers and citizens in common. He has endeared himself to all who honestly have at heart the highest interests of the city and the citizen. He has elevated the public service and the public servant in the confidence of the general public, making it reasonable to presume that the future will have more capable officials and more efficient administrations of public affairs than has the past. Mr. McDonnall recently stepped aside from his routine duties and won the celebrated Boulevard Oats case, compensating an attorney with his own money, and thus saving a considerable sum for the city. He caused the money handled by the Board of Sinking Fund Trustees to draw interest ; and more money would undoubtedly have been saved to the city had his advice concerning the first water-works probe been heeded, and thousands would be saved every year were his plan in vogue in the waterworks and other city departments. He has thus disclosed the usefulness of the public official beyond merely administering the. routine duties of his office. He is widely recognized as one of the ablest of public servants in Toledo, having a perfect knowledge of what constitutes a progressive, yet economical, municipal government. He is a man of rugged integrity, unlimited courage and sterling character, and his activities are progressive in every sense of that term, being for the greatest good of "all the people all the time." In national affairs, his political allegiance is given to the Republican party, though in local and municipal elections he reserves the privilege of an independent choice, and it was as an independent that he was chosen by the electors of Toledo to his present office. Though not an extensive property owner, he is the proprietor of a farm of forty acres in the vicinity of his boyhood home, in Henry county, and also owns some Toledo real 78 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY estate. He is a member of the Rubicon Lodge, Free & Accepted Masons, and Toledo Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Although not a communicant, his religious belief finds expression in attendance upon the services of the Baptist church, in which he was reared, and of which his parents were for many years honored members. On May 31, 1895. at Toledo, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. McDonnall and Miss Lenora Kathline Margaret Parsonage, daughter of Francis Parsonage, of New York City, who was for many years engaged in the furniture business in that Metropolis. Mrs. McDonnall was born in New York City, and received her educational training in France ; and both of her parents are now deceased, the father having passed away in New York and the mother in Toledo. The McDonnall home is at 622 Magnolia street. William H. H. Reeder, president of the Dime Savings Bank Company of Toledo, one of the most substantial and influential financial institutions in the city, has been a resident of Toledo since Jan. 1, 1890. Mr. Reeder was educated as a pharmacist, and was employed by the wholesale drug-house of West & Truax, on Summit street, until their disastrous fire. From that time until the organization of the Dime Savings Bank, in November, 1900, at which time Mr. Reeder was elected president, he conducted a general insurance business in offices in the Gardner building. He became known to his associates and clients as a shrewd and conservative business man, and their confidence in him has been shown by his election and re-election to the office he now holds. The directors of the Dime Savings Bank embrace many of the representative business men and capitalists of the community, who are not only interested personally in the safe and conservative management of the bank, but have other large property interests in the city. The results achieved by the institution are the pride and boast of all residents who have dealings with the management. The banking offices are located at 347 Superior and at 1121 Broadway, and the institution is a depository for the State of Ohio, Lucas county, and the Board of Education. President Reeder has devoted his untiring energies and the wisdom gained by years of business training and experience to the interests of the bank ; his policy is to hold security for loans in the form of gilt-edged real-estate and municipal bonds, and no one is better qualified to pass on the character of security offered than be ; the results obtained have clearly shown his wisdom. William H. H. Reeder was born near Dunkirk, Hardin county, Ohio, Dec. 13, 1867, son of W. \V. Reeder and Sarah E. (Ransbottom) Reeder. W. W. Reeder was a native of Lima, Allen county, Ohio, and his wife of Hardin county. Mr. Reeder was educated to be a druggist ; he volunteered as a private in the One Hundred and Fifty-first Ohio infantry and served in the Civil war, under Capt. James L. Booth. His marriage took place, in 1865, and he opened a drug store in West Cairo, Allen county, Ohio, a village six miles north of Lima. He died, in 1897, and his wife, in 1898. They were the parents of five children : William H. H., Mrs. H. M. Yant, and R. M. Reeder, are BIOGRAPHICAL - 79 residents of Toledo ; Mrs. W. J. Hall lives at Lakewood, Cleveland, and Mrs. J. W. Davis resides at Kenova, W. Va. William H. H. obtained his elementary education in the public schools in Allen county, graduated in the high school of West Cairo, with the class of 1884, and then took up the study of commercial law. He became closely associated with his father in the drug store and was made a registered pharmacist. He had been a resident of Toledo some years before he relinquished this business and devoted himself to other fields of endeavor. Mr. Reeder is a loyal member of the Democratic party, but has not been an active contestant for political preferment ; he is a member of the National Union, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Toledo Business Men's Club, and the Chamber of Commerce. He is an enthusiastic worker in the Broadway Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he is a member ; he has been president of the board of trustees of that organization for many years, and was elected to the general conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Los Angeles, in 1904; he is also a member of the board of trustees of the Deaconess Home and Hospital, of Toledo, endowed by the late Stephen W. Flower. Mrs. Reeder is also a devout and consistent Methodist and is a daughter of Rev. Henry Boyers, of the Central Ohio Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. She was born in Darke county, Ohio, educated at Ada and Delaware, and married Mr. Reeder, April 3, 1888. The family home, at 1328 Broadway, known as the abiding-place of gracious hospitality and kindliness, still shelters the four children born to Mr. and Mrs. Reeder. William B. is a recent graduate of the high school in Toledo ; Robert H. is a first-year high-school student, and Selena Ellen and John F. attend a graded school. William H. Standart is numbered among the substantial business men of the city of Toledo, where he has resided since first entering upon his independent career. He was born at Attica, Ind., Oct. 23, 1850, the son of William E. and Alice L. (Jackson) Standart. The father, who is now deceased, was for a number of years a merchant in Attica, Ind., and later he was engaged in the same line of endeavor at Cleveland, Ohio, and still later at Toledo. He was one of the valiant sons who responded to the call for troops in the Clark days of the Civil war, first entering the three-months' service and then organizing Standart's battery, at Cleveland, Ohio, becoming captain and chief of artillery in Palmer's division and served until the last year of the war. William H. Standart received his preliminary education in the public schools of the city of Cleveland, and later he spent one year as a student in the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. But he early evinced a desire for a business career, and, in 1866, when scarcely sixteen years of age, he became engaged as an employe in the hardware store of Hamilton & Company, Toledo. In 1878 he engaged with the Bostwick-Braun Company, and remained as an employe of that concern until 1887, when he became a partner in the business. He remained so connected until 1904, when he sold his interest and severed his connection with the Bostwick-Braun Company, and, in 1906, he 80 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY formed the Standart-Simmons Hardware Company, which ranks as one of the leading business institutions of Toledo. He has never entered public life, in the way of aspiring to public office, but has devoted his entire attention to business pursuits, and the success which has crowned his efforts-is a fine commentary upon the wisdom of his choice. He takes a live interest, however, in affairs of a public nature, one of the objects of his solicitude being the Toledo Newsboys' Association, of which he fills the position of trustee. Mr. Standart has been a member of the Masonic order since 1873, and socially he is identified with the Toledo Club and the Country Club. On Sept. 26, 1888, Mr. Standart was married to Miss Sarah M. Wheeler, of Toledo, a member of the family that built the Wheeler Opera House. Charles J. Kirschner, deceased, was prominent among the real-estate and insurance men of Toledo, in which city he spent the entire period of his active career, being identified with civic affairs and recognized as a man of superior attainments and natural ability. Mr. Kirschner was born at Baden., Germany, Jan. 1, 1844, and was the son of Peter and Catherine (Gaa) Kirschner, who immigrated to this country in 1847, when Charles J. was but three years of age. They first settled in Sandusky City, Ohio, but after a ten years' residence in that place, in 1857, they removed to Toledo, where for years the father was a pressman in the office of the "Toledo Blade." The subject of this memoir received his scholastic training in the public schools of Sandusky City and Toledo, but at the age of fifteen he was obliged to give up his attendance at school and devote his attention to the more serious affair of life, that of bread-winning. With the thrift characteristic of the German people, the boy began to aid in the support of the family, beginning his independent career as a newsboy on the streets of Toledo, and later, for one year he was a clerk in the hardware store of Stevens-Brigham & Company. Subsequently, however, he became apprenticed to the printers' trade in the office of the "Toledo Blade," and as a devotee of "the art preservative of all arts" he was employed for several years. While thus engaged, he studied at the same time to make up for the limited opportunities for an education in his earlier life. Trustworthiness in any position assigned him was a prominent characteristic of the young man, and in due time he laid aside the "stick" and "rule," and leaving the "case" accepted the position of mailing clerk in the same newspaper office in which he had learned his trade. He later became city distributor of the "Blade" and had charge of the circulation of that leading daily throughout the entire city of Toledo. Later in life he entered the real-estate and insurance business, in which line of endeavor he achieved flattering success, and at the time of his death he was the senior member of the well known firm of Kirschner, Wideman & Uhl, real estate, loans, surety bonds, and insurance, with offices at 332 Huron street, on the ground floor of the National Union Building. While a young man Mr. Kirschner became a believer in the basic principles and the teachings of the Democratic party and he ever adhered to that political organiza- BIOGRAPHICAL - 81 tion, but his views were more in accord with what is 'denominated the "Cleveland wing," rather than what. he considered a new departure under the leadership of Mr. Bryan. In 1878 he was elected a member of the city council of Toledo from the Seventh ward, and in this event his popularity was strikingly illustrated, as he was elected as a candidate on the Democratic ticket, while the bailiwick had a normal Republican majority of approximately 250. He served in the capacity of alderman for a period of two years. In 1883 he received the nomination of his party for the office of Recorder of Lucas county, and at the autumn election was successful by a plurality of 1,343. He served three years in this office and then retired and entered business pursuits, in which, as already stated, he achieved success. In his religious views Mr. Kirschner was prominently identified with the Roman Catholic church and he was a member of St. Mary's parish in Toledo for fifty-two years. and active in its work and its various parish organizations. In 1887 lie was chosen as superintendent and secretary of Calvary cemetery, the union cemetery of the Catholics of Toledo, and it is largely due to his excellent management that the cemetery has been developed to such a beautiful burial place and its financial affairs so ably managed. From 1890 to 1897 he was supreme treasurer of the Catholic Knights of America, having been appointed to serve out an unexpired term and being twice thereafter elected to the same office, two elective terms being all that the constitution of the order would permit. At the time of his entrance upon the duties of this office the organization was at a critical stage on account of financial troubles, and the office demanded not only a capable man but one of the greatest integrity. A serious defalcation that threatened even the existence of the order had taken place, and the integrity and excellent business qualifications of Mr. Kirschner were splendidly brought out in the difficult position. That the selection of him was a wise one was demonstrated when he left the office, after six years, with all the tangled affairs of the treasury department on a systematic basis and the finances in a perfectly sound condition. He was one of the leading Catholics of Toledo for thirty-five years and a promoter and supporter of every movement that meant progress for Catholic interests, educational and charitable. He was councilman of St. Mary's Church for eleven years and president of the Men's Sodality and St. Joseph's School Society. He was one of the charter members of St. Vincent's Hospital Society, of which he was president for several terms, and he served on the advisory board of St. Anthony's Orphanage. He was also a member of the University Board at the time of his death. In 1863. Mr. Kirschner was married to Miss-Catherine Heinrich. and of this marital union there were born six children, of whom the following specific mention is made in this connection : Edward is the assistant cashier of the Ohio Savings Bank & Trust Company, of Toledo; Mamie is the wife of George. j. Wideman, a partner in the firm of Kirschner, Wideman & Uhl ; Gertrude is the wife of Philip E. Uhl, who is also associated as a partner in the same concern ; Clara is the wife of Clarence W. 82 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY McNamara, and resides in Cleveland, Ohio ; and two children passed away in infancy. The death of Mr. Kirschner occurred Sept. 7, 1909, and his remains are interred in Calvary cemetery. John C. Carland has been engaged in the contracting business in the city of Toledo for nearly a score of years, and his activities have made a lasting impress upon the general development of the city. He is a genial, happy, and liberal self-made man, and although not a native-born citizen of the United States, there is none who is more thoroughly imbued with the spirit of our institutions. than this same "Jack" Carland, as he is familiarly known to his friends. He was born in Montreal, Canada, Aug. 1, 1855, and lived in the Dominion until he reached the age of fifteen years, when he became a thoroughbred Yankee. At that tender age, when the majority of boys are being nurtured by the tender care of devoted parents, he began his independent career as a brakeman on a railroad running Out of Port Huron, Mich. He also for a time sailed on the Great Lakes in the summer seasons and worked in the woods of Northern Michigan in winter, when navigation was closed. The life of a railway brakeman forty years ago was vastly different than what it is to-day, and for a youth of fifteen years to undertake work of that nature betokened a spirit of enterprise and determination that is rare. In 1878, Mr. Carland entered the employ of the Ashleys, and as superintendent of construction assisted in the building of the Ann Arbor road from Toledo to the shore of Lake Michigan. He remained with the Ashleys for a number of years, in the positions of conductor and superintendent, and his connection with them ceased only when the great legal battle over the Ann Arbor road was decided adversely to them. Then, in 1893, Mr. Carland launched out into business for himself in Toledo, as a general contractor, and his career since has been one of uniform success in everything he has undertaken. He has paved a large number of the streets of Toledo, and has taken other public contracts in the city. He has done considerable dredging and has branched out quite extensively as a railroad contractor, having just recently com- pleted the traction work on a line between Toledo and Cincinnati. He has also been engaged as a builder with the Big Four railroad during the past three years, and his prominence in business circles is evidenced by the fact that he is president of the Toledo Car Company and also of the Toledo Casting Company. Fraternally, he is a member of the Masonic order and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and socially he has membership in the Toledo Club and the Business Men's Club. He takes a live interest in matters political, and at one time made the race for sheriff of Lucas county. Although unsuccessful, the showing he made was a very creditable one, and the winner had reasons to know that he had. had live opposition. Mr. Carland is happily married, the maiden name of his wife being Rosana Fey, of Detroit, Mich., and their union has been blessed by the birth of three children : Howard L., Russell J., and Gladys, all born in Toledo and educated in the city schools. The family home is pleasantly situated at 2051 Ashland BIOGRAPHICAL - 83 avenue, and Mr. Carland has offices in suite 832-834 of the Spitzer Building. James Austin, Jr., judge of the Toledo Police Court, generally referred to as the "Golden Rule" police judge, was born at Woonsocket, R. I., April 11, 1858, a son of James and Jane (Whiting) Austin. The father was born in Lancashire, England, where he received his education and learned the trade of weaver. He belonged to the same family as Alfred Austin, the present poet laureate of Great Britain. In 1848, he left his native land on an old-fashioned sailing vessel, and, after a voyage of six weeks, landed in New York. He made his way to Rhode Island, where he found employment at his trade in a cotton mill, where hand looms were .in use ; subsequently became superintendent of a cotton mill, and the later years of his life were spent in a clothing store, in Rhode Island. He died at the age of sixty-eight years. Judge Austin's mother came of Revolutionary stock, her grandfather, Elkanah Whiting, having first enlisted in the Continental army, in 1775. In 1777, he enlisted for three years, in the Fourth Suffolk county (Mass.) regiment. and was made sergeant. Judge Austin still has the sword that his grandfather carried through that historic contest, and through this relationship he holds membership in Anthony Wayne Chapter, Sons of the American Revolution. He is likewise eligible to membership in the Sons of St. George, but has never joined that society. His mother was born at Wrentham, Mass., Sept. 9, 1819, and died at his home, in Toledo, Jan. 20, 1906. The parents were married at Taunton, Mass., and of their four children —three sons and a daughter—three are yet living. James is the subject of this sketch ; Edwin F. is with the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, at Toledo ; and the sister is Mrs. Mary J. Whipple, of Diamond Hill, R. I. Judge Austin obtained his elementary education in the schools of his native city and, in 1880, was graduated at Brown University, at Providence, R. I., the seventh oldest college in the United States. The same year, he was elected a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, and, in 1883, received from his Alma Mater the degree of Master of Arts. In the meantime, he had taken up the study of law in the office of the city solicitor of Providence. and, March 4, 1882. was admitted to the bar. He began practice in Providence, but, in December, 1883, came to Toledo, and, May 6, 1884, was admitted to practice in the Ohio courts. He then formed a partnership with Erskine H. Potter, under the firm name of Potter Austin, which .association lasted until Judge Austin was elected justice of the peace, in 1886. He continued to serve in that office until 1895. and the following year was elected to represent the eighth ward in the city council, for a term of two years. Upon retiring from the council, he was made a member of the Board of Elections, which position he held for five years. During the years 1906-07, he was assistant city solicitor, under Charles Northup. the present solicitor, and was then elected Police Judge for the term beginning. Jan. 1, 1908. Soon after taking his place on the _bench, Judge Austin introduced an innovation in the probation system. or the paroling of convicted offenders, pending 84 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY good behavior. This policy was adopted in harmony with his long-cherished belief that there is some good in every one—no matter how low he may have fallen—and that legal punishment should be meted out in such a way' as not to destroy every hope. and opportunity for reformation and recovery. As a further encouragement to the paroled prisoners of the police court, Judge Austin gave a banquet to them on Wednesday evening, March 3, 1909, at Tony Nassr's restaurant, 406 Monroe street. An appropriate menu was prepared, and, according to the Toledo Blade of the following day, "The 'Golden Rule' spirit was inspired by a photograph of the late mayor, Samuel M. Jones, which hung on the wall at one end of the table." Quite a number of the probationers were present. and at the conclusion of the banquet. the Judge, who acted as toastmaster, addressed them as follows : "My friends, I have invited you here this evening to show the public the beauties of the probation policy and to show the beneficiaries that their efforts to 'make good' and keep their word with me are appreciated. I wish to show them my personal appreciation of their efforts, and to show them that the public at large has nothing against a former wrong-doer so long as he tries to do right. 1 have found that less than twenty per cent of the men I have placed on probation have violated their parole, but the number of paroled women who have fallen from grace is almost twice as large. In my opinion, most of those who went back to wrong doing did so because they had no employment." The responses from several of the paroled guests indicated that they were making honest endeavors to profit by the leniency shown to them by the court, and all left the banquet hall feeling that their resolutions had been strengthened by their having been there. Of course, Judge Austin and his policy have been criticized, but the progressive citizenship and press of Toledo are a unit in support of the "innovation" and the man who introduced it. One paper recently said : "It is really amusing to listen to the whinings of Judge Austin's critics. Don't they know that he is serving law and justice in accordance with a proper conception of these factors of such government as would put down crime, punish criminals, and aid in the uplifting of fallen humanity? In the interest of public morals, in helping the fallen to their feet, and in satisfying law and justice at the same time, Judge Austin, in doing duty as police court judge, has done more than all other courts and all other judges in the past twenty-five years. His probation plan is a public benefaction. It not only serves to aid the fallen, but also to tone up moral sentiment, broaden public sympathy, and improve social and governmental conditions." In his political views, Judge Austin is a Republican. He was a charter member of the Lincoln Republican Club of Toledo, but does not belong to it at present. He is a member of the State and Lucas County Bar associations, the American Historical Association, was for a number of years president of the Apollo Club, and has been identified with the old Oratorical Society. He belongs to Rubicon Lodge, Free & Accepted Masons ; Fort Meigs Chapter, Royal Arch Masons ; the Knights of Pythias, and BIOGRAPHICAL - 85 the Toledo Maennerchor. In his early manhood he taught school for a time; is now a professor of criminal law in St. John's University, of Toledo, and has tutored some in Greek and Latin, being at present professor of Latin at Toledo University. While a young lawyer, associated with Mr. Potter, Judge Austin formed the acquaintance of Miss Minnie Weber, then employed in the county clerk's office, and, Jan. 13, 1887, they were united in marriage. She was born and reared in Toledo, a daughter of Casper Weber, one of the early Swiss colonists, who settled in the city, and the founder of "Weber's Clothing House," which still bears his name. He died, in April, 1897, and his widow and a daughter are now living with Mr. and Mrs. Austin. An aunt of Judge Austin, Fanny Latha Whiting, also made her home with him for some time prior to her death, March 11, 1909, at the age of ninety-five years. While his mother, aunt, and mother-in-law were all living, some of his friends jokingly referred to his residence as "The Old Ladies' Home," but the Judge enjoyed their companionship and loved to have them around. Judge and Mrs. Austin have three children —Ralph, Irene and Paul. Ralph graduated at the Toledo High School as a member of the class of 1907, and is now a junior in the Engineering Department of the University of Michigan. Irene graduated at the high school with the class of 1909, and has entered the Ohio State University, and Paul is a member of the high school, class of 1911. Judge Austin and his family reside at 727 Oakwood avenue,. and he has an office at 1533 Nicholas Building. Herbert J. Chittenden, a well known and successful lawyer of Toledo, was born at Republic, Seneca county, Ohio, May 10, 1871, a son of Edwin S. and Addie S. (Baldwin) Chittenden, both natives of the town of Republic. (For a more extended account of the family see the sketch of Hon. Charles E. Chittenden.) Herbert J. Chittenden acquired his elementary education in the schools of his native town, after which he entered the Heidelberg University, at Tiffin, Ohio, where he graduated as a member of the class of 1891. He then took the law course in the Cincinnati Law School, graduating at that institution in 1892, and immediately came to Toledo, where he formed a partnership with his brother, Hon. Charles E. Chittenden, under the firm name of Chittenden & Chittenden, with offices in the Nicholas Building. This association lasted until the senior member of the firm was elected to the judgeship of the Cornmon Pleas court, in November, 1908, when the subject of this sketch was left in charge of the business. In June, 1909, Herbert J. Chittenden removed to 1221-23 Ohio Building, where he is now actively engaged in the practice of his profession. Politically, he is a Republican and, while interested in all questions of public policy, is not an aggressive partisan in the sense that he is an aspirant for official honors. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, the Toledo Chamber of Commerce, the Toledo, Club, the Business Men's Club, and the Toledo Yacht Club, in all of which he is a popular member on account of his genial disposition and general good fellowship. In 1904, Mr. "Chittenden and Miss Eva. 86 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY Kirby, of Toledo, were united in marriage, and they reside in a cosy home at 2250 Maplewood avenue. David Ross Locke.—A publication of this nature exercises its supreme function when it enters tribute to the memory of worthy citizens who have been called from the scene of life's endeavors and whose lives offer both lesson and incentive to those who are left behind. And it is signally fitting that in every historical compilation touching the annals of the state of Ohio there be entered at least brief record concerning the career of him who perhaps was best known to the world as "Petroleum V. Nasby." The subject of this memoir achieved world-wide fame at about the close of the Civil war period of our country's history, and his name throughout the ensuing years was one significant of honor and usefulness in all the relations of life. As is the case with all men who are truly great, whether a purblind world grant or withhold its tribute, Mr. Locke's character was a strongly marked one. As was said of him by an intimate friend, he was a child of the people ; he had eaten the bread of poverty ; in his eleventh year he started out with no fortune but his own talent, to battle with the world and carve out a career. The fullness of time brought him his opportunity, and nature had not denied him the mental endowments through which to avail himself of it to the utmost. He never forgot his first early struggles and as he truthfully and quaintly expressed it in a conversation with a friend a few days before his death, he "always believed in giving every man a chance." Thorough and sincere himself in all that he did, he had no sympathy with those who were not of the same stamp. A hard worker, and a practical believer in the adage that "there is no excellence without labor," he judged mankind by the rule he had set for himself ; and while he had scant consideration for those who did not show by their works the same belief, he was the helpful friend of those who manfully faced the world with a determination to deserve and to win success. Among the green-clad hills of New York, in Vestal, Broome county, Mr. Locke was born, Sept. 20, 1833. His father, Nathaniel Reed Locke, who outlived his brilliant son and died in Lucas county when near the century mark, was a soldier in the war of 1812 and among the very first in the whole country to embrace anti-slavery sentiments, which he was always ready everywhere to maintain boldly. From him came naturally to the son his strong sense of liberty and his determined opposition .to everything that was not true to Republicanism. From the father too came that decision of character that rendered the son invincible whenever he undertook any enterprise, no matter what the difficulties might be in the way. When the youthful David was only ten years old, fired with an ambition wonderful in so young a boy, he left the paternal roof and was regularly apprenticed to the publisher of the Cortland Democrat for a period of seven years. There he learned the trade of a printer, and learned it as he did everything else, with complete thoroughness. To those who knew him only in later -years his extensive familiarity with books and the readiness with which he used his pen upon all subjects seemed BIOGRAPHICAL - 87 wonderful, in view of the fact that all the regular schooling which he ever had was obtained during the first tender years of boyhood. In this case the precocious boy became the man of intellectual power. The days of his apprenticeship, once over, then began a season of wandering, or what in Germany is called wanderjahre, a thing very common there to all professions, but known here only to printers. During this time he visited every large city in the country, earning his living in the various labors of printer, or reporter and writer upon newspapers, gaining no money but the rich experiences which stood him in such good stead afterward. He was in reality finishing his education. With a shrewd observant eye he saw those things which would serve him best in the future that he had even then marked out for himself. And it was no modest undertaking which the youth proposed to be accomplished by the man. He aimed high ; but his eye was keen, his brain both steady and active, and the result shows that he did not miscalculate his powers. During his time of wandering he went through the Southern States. and what he saw confirmed the strong anti-slavery sentiments which he had received from his father. He learned then and there to hate everything connected with the peculiar institution, and his political bias was determined for the future. Finally, he reached Pittsburg and there became, first a reporter and then assistant editor of the Chronicle. Grown weary at last without being his own man, he joined fortunes with a friend, James G. Robinson, and the two went to Plymouth, Ohio, and started the Advertiser, which paper is still in existence. This was in 1852. For two years these young men, rich in nothing but their brains and a capacity for hard work, beginning with but forty-two dollars between them, labored night and day at an enterprise that seemed about as hopeless as anything that could be undertaken. They bought a second-hand outfit ; they edited the paper ; they set the type, did the press-work and everything else, and it is needless to say they gained the confidence of the public and won the success which they deserved. When they sold out at the end of two years they had $1,000 to be divided between them —a small sum it seems now, but a mine of wealth in those days. They had, too, what was worth more than the money—good business credit and many friends. It was during these months of. hard work in Plymouth that Mr. Locke met and married Miss Martha Bodine, the faithful wife of his youth, the mother of his three sons, and the devoted companion and comforter of his last days. In 1856, Mr. Locke started the Journal in Bucyrus, this State, and there he began to win the reputation which later on placed him among the leading literary lights of the country. He wrote a series of stories—one for each week—for six years, some of them weird and pathetic. others tragic and startling, but all illustrative of certain social phases. The scenes were laid in Bucyrus and the country about ; realistic descriptions of scenery and names were given unflinchingly, though the instances related were illogical and improbable. and as might be expected for a season the excitement in the places where the scenes were located was intense. 88 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY Gradually the feeling died away, but interest in the journal's stories remained as vivid as at first, though of a different character. Naturally tales like these, written with so strong a vein of realism running through them all, full of incident and adventure, would be copied widely, and many of them found their way into the leading newspapers of the day, and even wandered over the sea into England and were also translated into French and German. One of the most popular, both in this country and Great Britain, the scene of which was laid in a Pennsylvania mining town, was so similar in incident and character to Tennyson's "Enoch Arden," which appeared some years later, as to afford scarcely a doubt that it formed the woof and warp of the great poet's admired work. Other papers which Mr. Locke successfully conducted before he gave birth to the immortal Nasby were the Mansfield Herald, the Bellefontaine Republican, and then came the turning point of his life in the first year of the war, when he was the editor and proprietor of a weekly paper, called the Jeffersonian, published at Findlay, Ohio. His labors there were a repetition of those already described as done upon that which was his first venture in Plymouth, the Advertiser. "If there is any grade of poverty," he once said, "from which there is no further descent, editing a newspaper in a sparsely settled country is that grade. I was on that grade and well on to the further end of it, too, when running The Jeffersonian in Findlay. I set my own type, carried my paper from the stage office on my shoulder, worked off the issue on a rusty old hand-press, and wrote or scissored out of exchanges everything the sheet contained." As to how the Nasby letters came to be written, Mr. Locke told in after years, in substance as follows : About the time the war broke out, he heard of a paper being circulated for signatures, petitioning the legislature to prohibit negroes from coming into the State, and asking for legislation to remove all the colored population the State then contained. This petition was being circulated in Findlay by a shiftless, worthless fellow, named Levi Flenner, and the satire of the situation struck Mr. Locke at once. The few negroes then in Findlay were hardworking, law-abiding men, and to remove them and leave Levi there was a preposterous outrage upon the fitness of things. One night, in a drug store, where people gather in country towns, he met Levi, who had the paper in his pocket. Mr. Locke read the petition aloud with comments, and as he read, interpolating his own remarks, he felt the afflatus of the situation and made up his mind to write the Nasby letters. That week he published the first one, and so commenced the most remarkable series of satires upon public men and measures that were ever written. Before these letters had reached their highest degree of popularity, Mr. Locke raised a full company of recruits in Findlay to go to the front, and he sent to Columbus for a commission as captain. This was emphatically refused by the Governor upon the ground that the would-be soldier could do more at home fighting with his pen through his paper, than upon the field, so he did not go. Later he sent a substitute into the army, a matter to which he often facetiously BIOGRAPHICAL - 89 alluded, without speaking, however, of the circumstance just related. The popularity of the Nasby letters created a demand for the appearance of their author upon the lecture platform. He lectured in all the principal cities of the North, and though not a master of oratory, as he often himself declared, he never failed to draw a crowded house and to evoke prolonged applause. In Philadelphia, where he came before the assembled thousands, he was accompanied and introduced by Anna Dickinson, then a young girl, who was electrifying audiences everywhere by her wonderful eloquence. The appearance of the two together called forth the wildest enthusiasm .and it was some time before quiet cOuld he restored and the lecturer proceed. One peculiarity of the man was the determination which manifested itself not to accept any public office. Few men finding themselves in a position to command so much would have refused to avail themselves of what seemed brilliant opportunities, but this was what Mr. Locke did. President Lincoln offered him any position he might name, but he refused the offer. Later on, President Grant, who was also a warm personal friend, made him a direct tender of the mission to St. Petersburg, or to Berlin, but both were declined. He had not the slightest desire for public office of any kind, his ambition all tending in another direction, that of building up a family newspaper that should circulate in every state from Maine to Georgia, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. In October, 1865, Mr. Locke removed to Toledo and took editorial charge of the Blade, which was then a fairly prosperous daily, the property of A. D. Pelton. The weekly, as it is now, had no existence, though there was one issued, more for the publishing of the county advertisements than anything else, and having perhaps a circulation of a thousand. Then Mr. Locke began the work of establishing a paper with a national circulation, laboring with all his might, first as a salaried editor and then as part and finally as sole proprietor. During the first few years he did a large amount of editorial writing, equal indeed to what two ordinary persons could accomplish, but in later years his part in the Weekly Blade was of a different character —a part no less but even more vitally connected with its prosperity. And he saw the dream of his early manhood fulfilled in the Weekly Blade, which has been and is such a power in the land. Gradually he withdrew from all save a general supervision over the paper, and during the last five years of his life he wrote nothing for its columns but occasionally a Nasby letter and a few temperance articles over his own signature. Continued overwork had made inroads upon even his fine constitution and he found it necessary to take life in a more leisurely way. His time was spent principally in promoting large business interests and advancing the prosperity of the city in which was his home and with which he was so closely identified. Not that he by any means ever gave up all literary work. During these years of planning and directing, and particularly in the early ones, he wrote several successful plays, a number of books and pamphlets, and many poems, all of which have been more or less popular with the read- 90 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY ing public. Some of these works are "Ekkoes from Kentucky," "The Morals of Abou ben Adhem," "Struggles of Petroleum V. Nasby," "Swinging 'Round the Circle," "Paper City," and "Hannah Jane." It was in the spring of 1881 that Mr. Locke went to Europe, accompanied by his son Robinson, and the two traveled for the next two years, returning home once during the time, through Great Britain and Ireland, France and Germany, Switzerland and Belgium, he recording his impressions of those countries in a series of letters to the Blade under the title of "Nasby in Exile." He made no attempt to describe scenery or buildings and works of art, for, as he said, this had all been done before, but he was .interested in the men and women of these different countries, in their mode of living. their industries, their customs and habits, and he tried faithfully to put on paper what he saw. These letters were afterward collected and put in book form under the same title, and, while the work was classed in the same category as to humor with "Innocents Abroad," it contains much information upon different topics of unquestionable value. After his return from Europe, most of his time was spent in Toledo. There he built a beautiful home, in which he gathered together a large library and many fine works of art, and in which he had settled down to enjoy himself with his family. An occasional visit East was all the journeyings he cared to make—home, as he often said, having come to seem to him the best place on the whole face of the earth. He died at his residence in the city of Toledo, Feb. 15, 1888. Orville Sanford Brumback, attorney-at-law, and one of the leaders in legal circles of the city and State, was born on a farm, near Delaware, Ohio. Dec. 2, 1855. He is the son of John Sanford and Ellen (Purmort) Brumback. The father was a direct descendant of an old Virginia family, the progenitor of which emigrated from Switzerland and settled in the Shenandoah valley, in 1760. The mother was of English-French descent, and of a line directly traceable to the eminent jurist, Chancellor Walworth. In 1860, the parents left the farm and removed to Van Wert, Ohio, where the father became established in the dry-goods business, but subsequently he became a banker, and, as president of the Van Wert National Bank. was for years one of the most influential and successful citizens of Van Wert and when he died, in 1897, the whole community mourned a true friend of the people, and an honorable, upright gentleman. By his will, drawn by his son Orville, he requested that his heirs carry out his plans for building and donating a public library to the city of his adoption. The bequest was made optional with his heirs, but they all entered enthusiastically into the project and built a splendid fireproof stone library, the pride of all its citizens, in one of the parks of Van Wert. This was done before the era of Mr. Carnegie's library benevolence, so that the "Brumback Library" of Van \Vert is well regarded as one of the pioneers in this splendid form of philanthropy. The mother, who vet survives her husband, makes her home in Van Wert. where she is well known as a lady of culture and refinement, and is beloved by all who know her. It was largely BIOGRAPHICAL - 91 through her intelligent .help and industry that her husband was able to attain the financial success he did. Orville S. Brumback was thoroughly and carefully educated, his father sparing no expense to afford him the opportunity to obtain the highest degree of culture to be attained by attendance upon great educational institutions. Finishing his preparatory work in the Van Wert schools when he was but sixteen years of age, he matriculated in the classical course at Wooster University. At the end of his Sophomore year, being desirous of availing himself of the larger advantages afforded by the Eastern colleges, he left Wooster to enter the Junior class in Princeton University. Throughout the two years of his work in that renowned institution he maintained the same high standard of scholarship lie had accomplished at Wooster. His ability and scholastic attainments soon won him recognition in the minds of students and faculty alike, so that when the time came for the selection of speakers for the commencement exercises of his class lie was one of ten chosen out of a class of 130 members, to deliver the commencement day orations. His graduation at Princeton was in the class of 1877, and his selection for the honors of the class was the more marked by reason of his being a Westerner in an institution composed largely of Eastern men, and the fact that but two years of his collegiate work had been done there. The faculty of the institution granted him the degree of Bachelor of Arts upon the completion of his college course, and later, in recognition of his prominence in letters, gave him the honorary degree of Master of Arts. Upon his return to Van Wert, immediately after commencement, Mr. Brumback became a student of the law in the office of Col. I. N. Alexander. one of the prominent Ohio lawyers of the old school. After some experience in professional work he became convinced that he was fitted for the practice of law, and acting upon this determination entered the college of law of the University of Michigan in the fall of 1877. In June, two years later, he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Laws, conferred by the regents of that institution, and the following winter was successful in passing the examination necessary for admission to practice before the Ohio bar. Coming to Toledo the same year lie secured a position as assistant in the office of Dodge & Raymond, one of the largest legal firms of this part of the State at that time. In 1880, lie had so far progressed in the acquaintance and esteem of his associates that lie felt the time was ripe to open an office of his own, and, acting upon this decision. "hung out his shingle." Ever since then he has made his profession the chief concern of his life, and his success has demonstrated the wisdom of his choice. His practice has been court work in all kinds of cases, particularizing more especially in corporation litigation. On Jan. 1, 1894, Mr. Brumback, in partnership with Hon. Frank Hurd and Charles A. Thatcher, organized the firm of Hurd, Brumback & Thatcher. which remained intact until the death of Mr. Hurd, in 1896. Out of respect for the deceased member, the surviving partners continued the practice under the same name until the final dissolution of the 92 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY firm, in November, 1901. Since then Mr. Brumback has had no law partner, and, since June 1, 1907, has had his offices in the Nicholas Building, Suite 530 to 535. Fraternally, socially and in a business way, Mr. Brumback has been identified with the Blue lodge of the Masonic order, the. Chamber of Commerce, the Busi ness Men's Club, and the Lincoln Republican Club. While a student at Wooster, he became a member of the collegiate Greek letter fraternity, Sigma Chi, and, having never lost his interest in the order, has made it the means of keeping in touch with colleges and college men. He has frequently remarked that these associations with young men have amply repaid him for the time spent, by helping to keep him young. He has been honored with the office of Grand Consul in the National body of his fraternity, and at the present time is one of the Grand Trustees of the order. For several years he was trustee and president of the Board of Trustees of the Toledo Public Library. His religious ideas find_ expression in his membership in the 'First Congregational Church. In the matters of politics, Mr. Brumback has ever been a staunch and loyal adherent to the principles of the Republican party. In 1883, he became a candidate for Representative in the Ohio legislature. It was the year when John Sherman was being opposed by John R. McLean, of the "Cincinnati Enquirer," for the United States Senate, and the fight for the legislature was strenuous all over the State. For several years Lucas county had been going Democratic, so that it was expected its members in the legislature would continue to be Democratic. Mr. Brumback entered into the campaign, with his characteristic energy, and when the election returns were counted, it was found that he had run far ahead of his ticket, and was elected, while the other Republican legislative candidates were defeated. His election was most vital, for the Republicans only had a majority of one upon joint ballot. with which to re-elect Senator Sherman. If Mr. Brumback had not been elected, John R. McLean would have had one majority. Nor was Mr. Sherman's election without national importance, for it was during this term in the Senate, for which he was thus elected, that he secured the passage of the celebrated Sherman Anti-Trust Law. This was also the year when the Cincinnati election frauds were perpetrated, and Mr. Brumback was appointed on the special committee to investigate the frauds and thereby made quite a reputation over the State. He served two years (1885-.1886) in the legislature, and then declined a renomination, believing it unwise to subordinate his law practice to a political career. On Aug. 26, 1881, was solemnized Mr. Brumback's marriage to Miss Jennie Carey, daughter of Simeon B. Carey, a wholesale hardware dealer of Indianapolis, Ind. Two daughters were the issue of this union. Blanche Carey, the elder, graduated at Miss Smead's School for Girls in Toledo, and then entered Vassar College, where she graduated in the class of 1906. On Sept. 16, 1906, she was married to Lyman Spitzer, second son of Adelbert L. Spitzer, and has one daughter, Lydia Carey Spitzer. born Oct. 7, 1909. Mr. Brumback's younger daughter, Lydia Ellen, also graduated at the Smead BIOGRAPHICAL - 93 school, and then attended the Castle school at Tarrytown-on-theHudson. She was married, June 1, 1910, to Horace E. Allen, eldest son of Dr. Horace N. Allen, ex-Minister from the United States to Korea. Mr. Brumback has a beautiful home at 1603 Madison avenue, where he and his charming wife dispense a delightful hospitality. Robinson Locke, editor and publisher of the Toledo Blade, is one of the best known journalists in the United States. His newspaper property is second to none in the country, and the Blade is the leading daily in Northwestern Ohio, and a power, politically and otherwise. Mr. Locke was brought up in the newspaper business, to which he has devoted the best efforts of his life, and his father before him was one of the nation's foremost journalists. The Locke family is of English origin, and the first member to settle in America migrated from England. in 1665, and located at Woburn, Middlesex county, Massachusetts ; the family later removing to New York State. Mr. Locke is a son of David Ross and Martha H. (Bodine) Locke, the former of whom was born in the Empire State and came to Ohio in the forties of the last century. David Ross Locke, who was one of the famous newspaper men in the country, was the author of the celebrated "Nasby Letters," which he wrote under the nom (le plume of "Petroleum V. Nasby," and which were first published in the Findlay Jeffersonian ; and, in 1863, Mr. Locke having purchased an interest in the Toledo Blade, the letters were transferred to that paper. The eider Locke also won much fame as a poet, lecturer, novelist and dramatist, and his death, in 1888, was mourned the country over. It was in Plymouth, Richland county. Ohio, March 15, 1856, that Robinson Locke first beheld the light of day. He acquired his educational training in the graded schools and the high school of Toledo, and, in 1881-83, studied languages, art and music in Zurich, Switzerland, and in Paris. He made his debut in the newspaper business in 1873, when but seventeen years of age, and has filled every position, from police reporter to the position he now holds. He displayed a natural aptitude for journalism and. in 1888, shortly after his father's death, he was elected president of the Blade Company, which promotion came as a well deserved tribute to his ability as a journalist. The above company owns and publishes the Daily and Weekly Blade, and is one of the most important newspaper properties in the country, the weekly edition having a circulation of approximately 243.000 copies. and the daily circulation exceeds 40.000. In 1885, Mr. Locke took active charge of the Evening Blade, and built it up from a small paper to a twelve to thirty-two page daily, with one of the best advertising clienteles in this section of the nation. In political matters, Mr. Locke is a staunch advocate of the men and measures of the Republican party, and through the columns of his paper has contributed much to the signal success of the "Grand Old Party" in the Middle West. He was-appointed Consul to Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, by President Arthur, in 1883, and held that important post until 1885, when he was removed by President Cleveland for 94 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY alleged "offensive partisanship." He was elected a delegate to the Republican National Convention, at Philadelphia, Pa., in the summer of 1900, when William McKinley was renominated for the presidency and Theodore Roosevelt was forced to accept the vice-presidential nomination. Besides his newspaper interest, Mr. Locke is a stockholder in various local enterprises, and is a director in the Northern National Bank. He is devoted to music and the arts and was president of the Toledo Symphony Orchestra from its organization. He was for many years also a trustee of the Toledo Museum of Arts. Fraternally, he is admirably affiliated, enjoying the distinction of being a Thirty-third degree Mason, and, holding membership in the Toledo Club, the Business Men's Club, the Country Club of Toledo, the Toledo Yacht Club, the Middle Bass Club of Lake Erie, the Rowfant Club of Cleveland and the Bibliophile Society of Boston. Mr. Locke has traveled extensively and has visited all the main points of interest in Europe and the Orient. He is an ardent lover of books and has in his home a collection of rare literary productions and illuminated manuscripts ; and his gallery of photographs and biographies of players embodies all the modern notables of the American stage ; which is a famous and valuable collection, and there probably is nothing equal to it anywhere. Of late years, Mr. Locke has devoted much of his literary work to the drama, and under the pen name of "Rodney Lee" has discussed plays and players in an interesting and instructive manner. Mr. Locke has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Kate King, of Toledo, to whom he was married in 1886, and who was summoned to the ranks of the "silent majority" in 1894. On July 21, 1909, Mr. Locke was united in marriage to Miss Mabel Dixey, of Yonkers. N. Y. Mr. and Mrs. Locke reside in a beautiful home. at 1305 Jefferson avenue. Solon O. Richardson, Jr., the vice-president and general manager of the Libbey Glass Company, manufacturers of cut glass, railway globes, lenses and electrical glassware, at Toledo, was born at Wakefield, Mass.., April 11, 1864, and is the son of Solon O. Richardson, Sr., and Abbie M. (Foster) Richardson, the father being a prominent manufacturer and capitalist in the Old Bay State. Nathan Richardson, the paternal great-great-grandfathers was a Revolutionary patriot. who fought in the battle of Bunker Hill, and his name appears in the records, among the Massachusetts archives of that period. On the maternal side, Captain Foster was also a Revolutionary soldier, and fought in the battle of Bennington, Vt. Solon 0. Richardson. Tr.. received his preparatory education. in the schools of the place of his birth, graduating in the Wakefield High School, with the class of 1880, and he then prepared for a business career by taking a course in Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College, in Boston. On Oct. 3, 1881, he entered the employ of the New England Glass Works, of which the Libbey Glass Company is the direct successor, at Cambridge. Mass. This company was chartered in Massachusetts. Feb. 16, 1818. and remained at Cambridge until 1888, when it was removed to Toledo. The goods produced by this company have always been of the highest quality, and today BIOGRAPHICAL - 95 it is the largest independent manufactory of glassware of the highest grade in the United States. At the World's Fair, in Chicago, in 1893, its operating plant was one of the most interesting to visit, and over 2,500,000 people saw glass manufactured there. Mr. Richardson has remained with this company since first entering its employ, and is now its vice-president and general manager, the other officials being as follows : Edward D. Libbey, honorary president ; J. D. Robinson, secretary and treasurer ; and William F. Donovan, auditor. Although Mr. Richardson gives his undivided attention to the management of the large affairs entrusted to his care, he takes an intelligent interest in public matters, and politically gives allegiance to the men and measures of the Republican party. Socially, he is a member of the Toledo Yacht Club and the Interstate Yachting Association, being the commodore of both organizations, and he also has membership in the following clubs : New York Yacht Club, Railroad Club of New York, Electrical Manufacturers' Club, Country Club, Toledo Club, Castalia Trout Club, Toledo Chamber of Commerce, and the Toledo Motor Boat Club. On July 17, 1886, Mr. Richardson was married to Miss Jennie B. Barrett, of Melrose, Mass., and of this union there have been born three children : Solon 0. III, and Augustus B., both of whom are students at Harvard College ; and Ruby M. The Barrett family was one of the oldest families in the Colonial history of Massachusetts, and members of it participated in the battles of Lexington and Concord, in the eventful year of 1775. John Sherring Pratt, assistant United States Attorney for the Northern District of Ohio, was born in the city of Toledo, June 5, 1875, a son of Charles and Catherine (Sherring) Pratt. His father's ancestors came from England and settled in Massachusetts in the early Colonial clays, and his mother was of English birth. Charles Pratt was for almost half a century a prominent member of the bar and bench of Toledo. John S. Pratt acquired his early education in the schools of his native city. graduating at the Toledo High School. in 1893. That same year he entered the University of Michigan. where he attended the literary and law departments until June. 1897, when he was admitted to the bar. From that time until 1899, he was associated with the law firm of Swayne, Hayes & Tyler. He then became the junior member of the firm of Pratt,. Terry & Pratt—composed of his father. William K. Terry and himself—which association lasted until 1901. when he was appointed United States Commissioner by Judge F. J. Wing of the United States District Court. In April. 1904, the city council of Toledo appointed Mr. Pratt judge of the city court to fill a vacancy, and the following November he was elected to that position for a term of three years. At the expiration-of his term he declined to be a candidate for a second nomination. preferring to devote his attention to his private practice, in which he continued with unvarying success, until March 15, 1908, when he was appointed to his present position by Hon. Charles J. Bonaparte, attorney-general of the United States. In addition to his duties as assistant United States Attorney, Mr. Pratt is associated with the firm of Doyle & Lewis, in 96 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY the practice of law, this association having commenced Jan. 1, 1909. On June 9, 1906, Mr. Pratt married Mis Genevieve, the youngest daughter of Judge John H. and Alice F. Doyle, and they have one daughter, born in 1908: Mr. Pratt inherited from his father much of the talent for the law, and his training in one of the best law schools in the country has given him an equipment that places him among the foremost- lawyers of Northern Ohio. David Robison, Jr., was born at Wooster, Ohio, Jan. 22, 1830, in the family home on Buckeye street, where his father conducted a large tannery. His father, David Robison, Sr., came from old Scotch lineage, his ancestors coming to this country in the Seventeenth century. His mother was of Irish descent, her fore-parents coming from County Antrim, Ireland, to this country, also in the Seventeenth century. In their religious belief, the members of his mother's family were strong Presbyterians, while the father was a Scotch Covenanter. He afterward gravitated into the Presbyterian Church, to which the members of the family have belonged for more than 200 years. Both families settled in Pennsylvania, locating in Cumberland county, which afterward became Franklin county by a sub-division. Mr. Robison's maternal great-grandfather was Robert McConnell, who was born about 1700. He was a man of very strong character and religious belief, and was quite an element in moulding sentiment in that part of the State ; and he was a soldier in the Colonial wars. To show the character of the stock from which Mr. Robison came, it is our pleasure to quote from the will of Robert McConnell, as follows : "In the name of God Amen, this 27th day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy-one, I, Robert McConnell, of Township Letterkenny, County of Cumberland and Provence of Pennsylvania, yoeman, being very sick and weak in body but of perfect mind and memory, in calling to mind the mortality of the body, and knowing that it is appointed for all men once to die, do make and ordain this my last will and testament ; that is to say,. and first of all, I give and recommend my soul to God who gave it, and for my body I recommit it to the earth to be buried in a christianlike and decent manner as the discretion of my executors, and nothing doubting, but at the general resurrection I shall receive the same again by the mighty power of God." Mr. Robison's grandfather on his mother's side was John McConnell, son of Robert McConnell, and a captain in the Continental army during the Revolutionary war : and he marched with his company on foot, at the time of its organization, from Chambers-burg to Philadelphia, and remained in the service under Washington during the entire eight years of the war. Mr. Robison's mother, Elizabeth McConnell, was born May 8, 1797, near what is now the Rocky Springs Church, in Franklin county. His father was born July 12, 1793. Their parents were both farmers and their farms joined. The mother of David Robison, Sr., moved to Ohio, in 1806, her husband having died in his 44th year. Mrs. Robison settled near New Lisbon, Columbiana county, Ohio. Afterward, the family moved to Zanesville, Ohio, where Mr. Robison's father BIOGRAPHICAL - 97 learned the trade of tanner and currier. When nineteen years of age, he volunteered in the service of the Union States government for the war of 1812, under the name of David Robertson, which was the family name. He was a member of Capt. William McConnell's company of riflemen, which was of Vance. s Odd Battalion, Ohio militia, war of 1812. William McConnell was a cousin of Mr. Robison's mother. David Robison, Sr., his father, was under the command of General Harrison, was at Fort Meigs during the siege, and was one of the selected company sent to Fort Stephenson during its bombardment, Aug. 1 and 2, to aid Major Crogan in the defense of that fort. Nearly 100 years after the battle of Fort Meigs, there was organized the "Maumee Pioneer and Historical Association," which concluded that the time had arrived for erecting a monument commemorating the deeds of the men who had fought and died in that battle. There was erected on the battle grounds of Fort Meigs a magnificent monument, and, Sept. 1, 1908, the monument was unveiled by David Robison, Jr., it being the desire of the association to get one to perform this service whose father had participated in the battle. The honor, therefore, fell to him. At the close of the war, David Robison. Sr., with his brothers—James and Thomas—settled in Wooster, Ohio, land, through a government error in the discharge papers of David Robertson, it was spelled "Robison," and as the family were always called Robison, they adopted that as the family name, but all the other branches of the family still retain the name of Robertson. The parents of our subject moved to their farm, south of Wooster, Ohio, in 1836, and David Robison, Jr., remained there until he was fourteen years of age, at which time he went into his father's general store, as a clerk. He attended Wooster Academy prior to this, and, later on, when he was eighteen years of age, went to Western Reserve College, at Hudson, and remained there for two years. His class and room. mate at that time was the late Hon. William B. Allison, United States Senator from Iowa. which friendship lasted until the death of the Senator, in 1908. On Sept. 1, 1853, Mr. Robison was married to Ann Elizabeth Jacobs, of Wooster, Ohio, a member of one of the old families of the community. She was a woman of most remarkable character, beautiful of features, and kind and gentle in all her bearings. She died at her home in Toledo, in February, 1898, mourned by the entire community, for her great rove and kindness to the poor and her many deeds of charity. She was truly a womanly woman and one who was noble in all her acts. Two sons were born of this marriage : James J., in March, 1855, and Willard F., in March, 1857. Mr. Robison acquired the interest of the store from his father and brothers, and also operated a grist mill at Wooster, and was president of the National Bank of Wooster from its organization, in 1871, until he moved to Toledo. in January, 1876. Upon coming to Toledo, he organized the wholesale dry goods firm of Witter, Robison & Wood, Messrs. Witter and Wood coming from Mansfield. He remained in this concern for five years, and then established a dry goods firm at the. corner of Adams and Summit streets, 98 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY in the fall of 1879, under the firm name of Robison & Company, which was composed of himself and two sons. This was continued for several years, the two sons then moving to the West. In March, 1884, Mr. Robison was appointed receiver of the Western Division of the Ohio Central railroad, which position he held for two years, at the end of which time the property was sold. At the same time and for a subsequent period, he was a director in the Toledo, Ann Arbor & North Michigan Railroad Company, now known as the Ann Arbor railroad. In January, 1886, Mr. Robison, in connection with the late Governor Ashley, John Cummings and the late William Baker, built what is now known as the Toledo, Saginaw & Muskegon railroad, having a trackage of about 100 miles, running from Muskegon, Mich., to the town of Ashley, a point on the Ann Arbor railroad. After operating this road for two years, it was sold to the Grand Trunk. In the winter of 1889, James J. Robison and Willard F. Robison, the sons of David, having disposed of their banking interests in the West, returned to Toledo, and, in connection with their father, the Toledo Electric Street Railway was built. This road has since passed into the hands of the present Toledo railway system. It composed what is known as the Bancroft Belt, Huron Street. Canton Street, Sherman Street, Forest Cemetery, Indiana Avenue, South Street and Union Depot line, which connected with the Toledo State hospital. During the time that Mr. Robison and his sons operated this road, they built what is known as the Casino, a property now owned by the present street railway company, on the banks of Lake Erie, and which became a very popular resort, until burned, in the summer of 1910. In the fall of 1896, the street railway was sold, and, in March, 1897, Mr. Robison, in connection with other friends. established the Ohio Savings Bank & Trust Company, which, at the time of its incor- poration, was simply the Ohio Savings Bank Company and had a capital stock of $300.000. Mr. Robison was president of the bank, and his son, James J., was cashier. Later, the Ohio Savings Bank amended its charter, added trust powers and called itself the Ohio Savings Bank & Trust Company, with a capital stock of $600,000. Mr. Robison remained its president until 1905, at which time he found that the duties were getting too heavy for a man of his years, and his son, James J., took his place. Mr. Robison remained chairman of the Board of Directors. Later, in January, 1910, this bank took over the Dollar Savings Bank & Trust Company, another financial institution of Toledo. The Ohio Savings Bank & Trust Company then increased its capital to $850,000, and has about $500,000 surplus and profit. In the year 1900, David Robison, Jr., and his two sons, together with William Hardee, Edward Ford, John Cummings, T. H. Tracy, and George Metzger, located and built the Terminal Belt Line, known as the Toledo Railways & Terminal Company, a property that cost over $3,500,000 to build. The history and great value of this enterprise is well known to the people of Toledo. In 1906, while Mr. Robison was active in the Ohio Savings Bank & Trust Company, the company purchased the old Law Building site, at the corner of Madison and Superior BIOGRAPHICAL - 99 streets, upon which the bank erected the beautiful Ohio Building. This building was virtually a success from its completion, and is looked upon as one of the finest structures in the State, being, as the public knows, finished in white terra cotta, and it is a most imposing structure. Mr. Robison was always a public-spirited man, and, during his more than sixty years of active business life, was foremost in all public enterprises, and was a large subscriber to every enterprise that meant advancement to his home town and the interest of the community at large. David Robison, Jr., belongs to what is known among our old friends as an "old school type" of gentleman ; a man of excellent bearing; quiet in his disposition, and a gentleman of the very highest character, whose work was always looked upon as absolutely reliable, and if "Uncle David" said anything, it was always taken to be true. He has always had a faculty for making friends, and it is doubtful if there is any man who ever lived in Lucas county who can count more friends than the subject of our sketch. He has passed his eightieth year, is hale and hearty, is down to business early in the morning, and is an example for every young man in this community to look up to, whereby they can see and know what sterling characteristics, a kind heart, strong mind and a generous nature brings to mankind in general. Henry M. Barfield has been identified with the industrial affairs of Toledo for more than forty years, and there is none who stands higher in the estimation of his fellow men than he. Mr. Barfield was born in Germany, near the city of Berlin, Jan. 6, 1846, and came to the United States- with his parents when but six years old. The family settled at Niagara Falls, N. Y.. and there the subject of this review grew to manhood, received his education, and learned the trade of a tailor. His father was a tailor by trade, having followed that occupation in the Fatherland, and it was under his instruction that the son began his work in that line. On April 11, 1866, at the age of twenty years, he came to Toledo and worked at his trade for some time with the firm of Buck & Bliss. When Mr. Bliss retired from the firm, Mr. Barfield entered the store of C. H. Buck & Company as a salesman, and he afterward became the cutter for the establishment. On Feb. 1. 1884, he opened a store at 314 Madison avenue, with the late Walter Y. Atkin as a partner, under the firm name of Barfield & Atkin. This partnership continued until the death of Mr. Atkin. which occurred Aug. 19, 1889, and then Mr. Barfield continued the business at the same place until 1901. In that year he formed a partnership with Frank W. K. Tom, under the firm name of Barfield & Tom, and this partnership continued until March 1, 1907. In 1905. the business was removed to the Nicholas Building, at the corner of Madison avenue and Huron street, and there it is now located. Since 1907 the firm has been known as H. M. Barfield & Company. but Mr. Barfield has been the sole proprietor of the business since the retirement of Mr. Tom, on March 1 of that year. In politics Mr. Barfield has always been a staunch Republican, and his worth as a citizen has been recognized by election to office at different times. He served in the city council