MILITARY HISTORY - 525 Enlistments and company organizations followed in rapid succession all over the State, and while the companies named were the only completed organizations from Lucas county in the three months, service, the members thereof were not the only troops, as a number of boys residing in the northern part of the county joined Michigan regiments, and still others were enrolled in companies from the neighboring counties in Ohio. Counting these and the members of the four companies accredited to Lucas county, it is probable that nearly 500 men from the county were in the three months' service. The professions, merchants, mechanics, farmer boys and laborers, all were imbued with the same spirit and promptly laid aside their several vocations and joined in the supreme effort to preserve the -Union of the States. Gentlemen of the cloth laid aside their shepherd,s crooks and went to the front in various capacities. During the four years of bloody warfare, Ohio met every call for troops in advance of the time limit, and Lucas county was always among the first to respond with her quota. While the "boys" were at the front, the citizens at home were not idle, and the devoted mothers, wives, sisters and sweethearts, imbued with the same spirit which had taken their loved ones to cruel war, assisted in organizing relief associations. There was much outward show of sympathy and patriotic interest during the first few months, but in the following year, after the disasters of the Peninsular campaign, it was realized that a long and desperate struggle was on, and the end afar off. Private donations to the Federal cause, however, were kept up unabated until the final surrender at Appamattox Court House. It would be impossible to trace the record of Lucas county,s valiant soldiers through the ranging fortunes of four years of bloody war. Neither would space permit. Without disparagement to the heroic services of any, it is the purpose only to mention the organizations which, as a whole, were closely connected with Lucas county. The Fourteenth infantry, in the three months, service, was raised in and around Toledo, and, as before stated, contained four Lucas county companies. On the formation of the regiment these companies received the designations of the letters "A," "B." "I" and "K." They were officered as follows : Company A—S. Backus Moe, captain ; Wilbur F. Stopford, lieutenant, and Frank N. Marion, ensign. Company B—Louis Von Blessingh, captain ; John A. Chase. first lieutenant, and William Schultz, second lieutenant. Company I—Caleb Dodd, captain : Dennis C. Lehan, first lieutenant, and James Marston. second lieutenant. Company K—George W. Kirk, captain John F. Wallace, first lieutenant, and Samuel Sherman, second lieutenant. The colonel of the regiment was James B. Steedman. the lieutenant-colonel was George P. Este, and the major was Paul Edwards, all of Toledo. On April 25, 1861, the regiment left Toledo for Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, where it was thoroughly drilled and its regimental organization completed. On May 18, Companies A and K. and on May 20. B and I were mustered into the service of the State of Ohio, fora period of three months, to date from April 27. The second call being made by 526 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY the President for 300,000 troops, this regiment was transferred to the United States service. On May 22, it left Camp Taylor for Columbus, where it received arms and accoutrements and left the same day for Zanesville, thence to Marietta, remaining in Camp Putnam until May 27, when it left for Parkersburg, W. Va., at which place, for the first time, the regimental flag was unfurled in the enemy's country. It was double-quicked along the line of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, the bridges of which were being destroyed by retreating Confederates. The railroad was diligently guarded to prevent further destruction. On the 29th, the regiment reached Clarksburg, Va., having repaired the railroad property to that point. It left Clarksburg on June 2, by rail for Webster, and from thence marched a distance of thirteen miles to Philippi, and surprised a force of 2,000 Confederate cavalry at 5 a. m., after a very disagreeable march during the night. The enemy was routed and scattered .to the hills, leaving stores, arms and munitions behind. The Fourteenth went into camp on the hills in the rear of the town of Philippi, expeditions being sent out against the guerrilla bands which infested that region. The regiment was engaged with the enemy at Philippi, Laurel Hill and Carrick's Ford. The latter was a brisk fight at short range, in which the Confederate general commanding, General Garnett, was killed, and the Confederate army defeated. After the victory of Carrick,s Ford, the Fourteenth Ohio infantry remained ill West Virginia until July 22, when it was ordered home, on account of expiration of term of service. It reached Toledo July 25 and on Aug. 13 was paid off and mustered out, every private soldier being paid at the rate of $17 a month, in gold and silver. The Fourteenth infantry for the three years' service was organized at Toledo, from Aug. 14 to Sept. 5, 1861. It first saw service in Kentucky, and in October went into .quarters at Camp Dick Robinson. About this time rumors were rife that the Federal forces stationed at or near Wild Cat were surrounded by the Confederates. The Fourteenth, with Barnet,s First Ohio artillery, started at once for that place, making forced marches through deep mud and driving rain, and reached there on the morning of Oct. 21. On nearing the battlefield the crash of musketry and artillery was heard. This spurred the excited troops, who were going into their first engagment, and they double-quicked to the point of attack. The enemy shortly abandoned the field and retreated. In the charge which carried the works at Mill Springs the Fourteenth was the first regiment to enter, and pushing on after the flying enemy, it reached the bank of the river in time to fire into the rear of the retreating column as it was boarding the steamer. The regiment was with the army that shared in the slow advance upon Corinth, Miss. The following winter was spent at Gallatin and other points in Middle Tennessee, and in June, 1863, the regiment formed a portion of Rosecrans, advance on Tullahoma and Chattanooga. At Hoover,s Gap a brisk engagement ensued, in which the Fourteenth participated. On Sept. 19, it made a rapid march to the battlefield at Chickamauga and was immediately deployed in line of battle. The men were MILITARY HISTORY - 527 not in the best physical condition to engage in that terrible struggle, having marched incessantly all the previous day and night, but they were ready and steady to perform their whole duty, and they did it bravely and well. The regiment was engaged in hot and close contest with the enemy from 9 a. m. to 4 p. m. Being then relieved, it replenished its ammunition boxes and again entered the fight, continuing until sunset. The regiment went into the battle with 449 men, and out of that number it lost 233, killed, wounded and missing. In the brilliant assault on Missionary Ridge the Fourteenth bore a gallant part, charging and capturing a Confederate battery of three guns, which General Hardee in person was superintending, losing sixteen killed, ninety-one wounded and three missing. Of those that were eligible, all but thirty men of the entire regiment veteranized for another term of three years, and after a thirty days' furlough it rejoined the army at Ringgold, Ga., and commenced that long, unparalleled Ho days' campaign for the possession of Atlanta, the "Gate City" of the South. In front of Atlanta the regiment lost twenty men, killed and wounded. In that heroic charge at Jonesboro, the Fourteenth took nearly as many prisoners as the regiment numbered men, and a battery of four guns and several stands of colors. One hundred members of the regiment whose time had expired went willingly into this fight, some of whom were killed and many wounded. It next followed Hood into Tennessee and then returned and participated in the ever memorable "march to the sea." It was mustered out of the service at Louisville, Ky., July II, 1865. THE TWENTY-FIFTH OHIO INFANTRY. The Twenty-fifth regiment of infantry was made up of recruits from different parts of the State, and was organized June 28, 1861, at Camp Chase. Company K was from Lucas county—the Anderson Guards, organized at Toledo. It left Toledo June 25, when it was escorted to the railroad by the Zouave Cadets and Fire Engine Company No. 1. When mustered in, its officers consisted of Jonathan Brown, captain ; Nathaniel Houghton, first lieutenant ; and Harlan Millikan, second lieutenant. The original members of the regiment (except veterans) were mustered out July 16, 1864, by reason of expiration of term of service. The organization, composed of veterans and recruits, was retained in service until June 18, 1866, when it was mustered out in accordance with orders from the war department. It fought at Cheat Mountain, Greenbrier, Camp Allegheny, Huntersville, Monterey, McDowell, Cross Keys, Freeman,s Ford, second battle of Bull Run, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Hagerstown, Fort Wagner, Honey Hill, Deveaux Neck, Gregory,s Landing, and several minor actions. On Jan. I, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted, and on the 15th started for Ohio on veteran furlough, which began Feb. 3, at Camp Taylor, Cleveland. Company K, or what remained of that command, reached Toledo on the 4th, being met at the railroad station by a goodly number of citizens with the Union Silver Band, and escorted down Summit street to Cherry, where it was welcomed in a speech by M. R. 528 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY Waite, afterward Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Of the ninety-seven men who left Toledo in 1861, only sixteen returned to Cleveland, and but fourteen came to Toledo. On calling the roll after the two days, fight at Gettysburg, only four men responded to their names. THE TWENTY-SEVENTH OHIO INFANTRY. The Twenty-seventh infantry could not strictly be called a Lucas county regiment, but the representation of the county therein was such as to demand brief mention here. It was organized at Camp Chase, July 15 to Aug. 18, 1861, to serve for three years. The Lucas county representatives in the command consisted of John W. Fuller, colonel ; Rev. John Eaton, Jr., chaplain ; Theodore Sawyer and James H. Boggis, first lieutenants. The last-named for .a long time served as adjutant, and was promoted to be captain, March 19, 1864. Lieutenant Sawyer served with special credit, was promoted to be captain, March 5, 1863, and was killed at Dallas. Ga., May 27, 1864. He was a graduate of the Toledo high school and a young man of much promise. Some fifteen enlisted men of this regiment were from Lucas county. Chaplain Eaton had been superintendent of the Toledo public schools, and subsequently entered the ministry. He served as chaplain until 1863, when General Grant appointed him "Superintendent of Contrabands," and he served in that capacity until the close of the war. Afterward, he was Commissioner of Public Schools of Tennessee. In 1870 he was appointed United States Commissioner of Education, continuing as such until he was elected president of Marietta College, Ohio, in 1886. THE THIRTY-SEVENTH OHIO INFANTRY. The Thirty-seventh regiment was composed substantially of Germans, and was raised in Toledo, Cleveland and Chillicothe, being the third German regiment from Ohio. It was organized at Cleveland, from Sept. 9, 1861, to March I, 1862. For colonel, Edward Siber, a skilled and competent officer of the German army, who had served in Prussia and Brazil, was appointed, with Louis von Blessingh, of Toledo, as lieutenant-colonel. The regiment moved to a point on the Kanawha river, in West Virginia, and spent the winter in that region. In the spring of 1862, it was engaged in some severe and unsuccessful fighting at and near Princeton. In an expedition to Wyoming Court House, in August, a detachment of the regiment fell into an ambuscade and was surrounded by the enemy, but fought its way out. At Fayetteville and Cotton Hill, the regiment was also engaged. In the early part of 1863, it was transferred to the West, and in the bloody but unsuccessful assaults on the enemy's works at Vicksburg and the subsequent siege of that place, it lost nineteen killed and seventy-five wounded, the latter including Lieutenant-Colonel von Blessingh. After the surrender of Vicksburg, it participated in the expedition against Jackson, and on the capture of that city performed provost-guard duty MILITARY HISTORY - 529 for some days. At Missionary Ridge it participated in an assault on the enemy,s fortified position. In March, 1864, three-fourths of the men re-enlisted for another term of three years, and at the expiration of their furlough rejoined the army and participated in the advance on Resaca, Ga. On the retreat of the enemy from Dallas, the regiment pursued toward Acworth, went into line of battle in front of Kenesaw Mountain, and participated in the memorable and disastrous assaults made by the Federal forces upon that mountain stronghold. The regiment participated in General Sherman,s "march to the sea" and up through the Carolinas, then after the grand review at Washington was sent to Arkansas. It was mustered out Aug. 7, 1865. THE FORTY-SEVENTH OHIO INFANTRY. The Forty-seventh infantry was organized at Camp Dennison, Aug. 27, 1861, to serve for three years. But one company (I) was from Lucas county. Of that, the captain was Hananiah D. Pugh ; the first lieutenant was Horace A. Egbert, who served from Aug. 28, 1861, until Oct. 9 of the same year, when he was drowned in West Virginia. being succeeded by Alonzo Kingsbury : the second lieutenant was Herbert Steyer. The day following its organization, the regiment left by rail for Benwood, in West Virginia. Going from there to Sutton, it then moved forward and took part in the battle of Carnifex Ferry. It went into winter quarters on the Tompkins farm, Gaulev Mountain. After spending the remainder of the year in Virginia, the regiment joined the campaign against Vicksburg. reaching Walnut Hills on May 18, 1863, and capturing, many prisoners on the march. On the next day it led an assault upon Cemetery Hill, gaining a footing close under the works, which position was held until nightfall. when it was abandoned. the loss being very severe. It led another charge on the 22nd, with the same result, and from that time until the surrender was in the front line, occupying Cemetery Hill fort. Being transferred to Eastern Tennessee. in January, 1864, the required three-fourths of the regiment re-enlisted, and after their furlough home resumed their place in the army. The regiment met the enemy t Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain : and at Hood's dash to the rear of Sherman's army. the Forty-seventh participated up to and beyond Rome, Ga. The regiment then participated in the march to the sea. up through the Carolinas. and was mustered out Aug. II, 1865. THE SIXTY-SEVENTH OHIO INFANTRY. The Sixty-seventh infantry was organized in the State at large, from October, 1861, to January, 1862, to serve for three years, and left Columbus for the field. Jan. 19, 1862, for West Virginia. There are no available records showing the number who enlisted in Lucas county. Among the prominent officers who went to the front with this regiment from Toledo were Lieut.-Col. John R. Bond, afterward colonel of the One Hundred and Eleventh Ohio, and Lieut.-Col. Henry S. Commager, later colonel of the One Hundred and Eighty-fourth. 530 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY The Sixty-seventh was the first to engage the enemy at Winchester. March 23. At Harrison,s Landing it campaigned with the Army of the Potomac until the evacuation of the Peninsula. when it went to Suffolk, Va. It was then transferred to the Carolinas, took part in the siege of Charleston, and was in the attack on Fort Wagner, sustaining a heavy loss. Its term of service having expired, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans. and returned to Ohio on furlough, reaching Toledo Feb. 20. 1864. It was welcomed with great enthusiasm by the people, whose spokesman, M. R. Waite, addressed them in eloquent and patriotic approbation, and was responded to by Colonel Voris. It so happened that the First Ohio militia had arranged for the commemoration of Washington's Birthday at that time, which fact added much to the interest of the occasion. Depositing their guns at Hanks' Hall, the members of the regiment• marched to the Oliver House for dinner. The regiment's furlough having expired. it left Toledo for 'Ile front March 24, 1864, taking the field again in Virginia. It was n the siege of Petersburg, witnessed the close at Appomattox, and was mustered out Dec. 7, 1865. Among the brave men of this regiment who were killed in the battles of May 9 and 10. 1864, near Petersburg, was First Lieut. George M. Ballard, of Company I. He was a son of James Ballard, of Toledo. and a. young man of high courage. THE EIGHTY-FOURTH OHIO INFANTRY. The Eighty-fourth infantry was organized at Camp Chase. in May and June. 1862, to serve for three months, in response to a call for additional men for guard duty. The first company to respond was the Toledo Light Guards, Capt. Richard Waite, of the Ohio Militia of the Reserve, which reported June 3. A second company, recruited in Toledo by Uriah Gregory (then proprietor of the Ohio Business College) and Edmond Paine, left Toledo June 5, for Camp Chase, where the Eighty-fourth was organized, June 7, in which the company first mentioned became Company A and the other Company K. On June II, the regiment was ordered to Cumberland, Md., where it was employed in preventing transportation of supplies into the Confederate lines. It was ordered to Camp Delaware, where it was mustered out, Sept. 20, 1862, after having served about a month longer than its tent of enlistment. THE ONE HUNDREDTH OHIO INFANTRY. The One Hundredth Ohio was recruited exclusively in Northwestern Ohio and was drilled and mustered into the service at Camp Toledo, Sept. 1, 1862, to serve three years. It first moved to Cincinnati for the defense of that city and went into position on Covington Heights, a few rods in front and to the left of Fort Mitchel. It remained in Kentucky for nearly a year, going wherever the presence of the enemy rendered it necessary, and then was sent to East Tennessee, where it participated in the siege of Knoxville. In the spring of 1864, it joined Sherman's army in the Atlanta campaign and was MILITARY HISTORY - 531 present in nearly every battle from Rocky Face Ridge to Atlanta. On Aug. 6, it was engaged in an assault on the Confederate works in front of Atlanta, and after the evacuation of Atlanta it joined in the pursuit of Hood and was severely engaged in the battles of Franklin and Nashville. It was then transferred to North Carolina. It was at Kingston and Raleigh and at the final surrender of the last army of the Confederacy. It was mustered out June 20, 1865. On April 2, 1864. there was published at Toledo a letter from Lieut. Norman Waite. asking the people of Toledo to furnish the regiment with a new stand of colors, for reasons which he stated as follows : "Sept. 8, 1863, 300 of the regiment met 1,200 of the enemy and fought them from 9 to 11 :30 a. m., and repulsed them, and then fell back six miles, and from 1 :30 till 5 p. m., fought 2,100 Rebels with four cannon, our boys having no artillery—holding them until their last cartridge was fired, and then retiring into log stockades, which the enemy soon knocked down over their heads, and only surrendered when overpowered by seven to one. We have lost one flag and have one-half of the other, filled with bullet-holes, the balance having been shot away by a shell from the enemy's guns. Will not the citizens of Lucas county see that this regiment—true to its country—true to its State, and an honor to this district—is furnished with a new stand of colors ?" Within three days after such publication the requisite sum of money was on its way to Lieutenant Waite. On March 28, 1865, the flag which had thus been provided was delivered to the Toledo Board of Trade, by Capt. J. B. Blinn, accompanied by the following letter, written by Brevet Brig.-Gen. E. L. Hayes, from the headquarters of the regiment at Wilmington, N. C. "Sir—In behalf of the officers and men of this regiment, I have the honor to present to you this tattered banner, with the request that it may be preserved by the Toledo Board of Trade, in memory of the brave men who have gallantly carried and defended it in the battles of Utoy Creek and Atlanta, Columbia, Franklin and Nashville, and of Town Creek also in sacred remembrance of Color-Corp. Byron C. Baldwin, who yielded up his life in its defense at Franklin, Tenn., saturating its folds with his precious blood. Its term of service has been short—less than a year—but it is covered with honorable scars, worthy of a veteran. Presented to us by the citizens of Toledo, we know of no better hands in which to deposit it than yours." In a letter dated Nashville, Tenn.. Dec. 9, 1864, Adj. Norman Waite gave this incident of the battle of Franklin, which explains the reference to the heroic color-bearer in the foregoing letter : "Col. E. L. Hayes ordered the color-bearer (Byron C. Baldwin, Company A) to advance and place his colors in the works, which he did, and the works were ours again. It was nearly dark, and they had charged at six different times, and we fought nearly the whole time until To p. m. Capt. W. W. Hunt, acting major, fought nobly. About 7 o'clock we missed him, and found him dead near the front works. Lieut. Milton A. Brown was on the skirmish line and was wounded as it was falling back, but gained our works, and while cheering on our men was shot dead. Color-Sergeant Baldwin had the 532 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY flag presented to us by the citizens of Toledo. The upper part of the staff was broken off by a bullet, and the lower half gone. While thus carrying the colors he was shot, when he deliberately wrapped the flag around him and died—his life-blood saturating the folds of the flag. In less than forty-eight hours the regiment fought in two hard battles. and marched over forty mile's, besides building a line of works. We went into the fight with 25o men and lost 62 in killed, wounded and missing." THE ONE HUNDRED AND ELEVENTH 01110 INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Eleventh infantry was organized at Camp Toledo, Sept. 5 and 6, 1862, to serve for three years. It was a Northwestern Ohio regiment, haying been raised in Sandusky, Lucas, Wood. Fulton, Williams and Defiance counties. Company H was raised in Lucas county. It took the field at Covington, Ky. It was in a brisk skirmish at Chittenden. Ky., and also at Glasgow and Bowling Green. It was in a forced march to the Ohio river in the campaign after John Morgan and was in the skirmish and capture of the bulk of John Morgran's command at Buffington island. It then became a part of General Burnside's army which marched over the Cumberland mountains, in the memorable East Tennessee campaign. It was in the infantry charge at Huff's Ferry, made to impede the crossing of the river by General Longstreet's advance. This regiment was detailed to cover the retreat of Burnside's army from Huff's Ferry to Lenoir Station. At Loudon Creek a brisk skirmish took place between the regiment and the Sixth South Carolina Sharpshooters, composing General Long-street's advance. and in this engagement the regiment lost four killed and twelve wounded. In the engagement at Campbell,s Station the regiment occupied the front line, directly in front of two batteries of Confederate artillery, and was for two hours exposed to the shells of the enemy's concentrated fire. It passed through the siege of Knoxville, occupying the fort of College Hill, and lost six men in killed and wounded. When Fort Saunders. in front of Knoxville, was attacked by a furious daybreak charge. the One Hundred and Eleventh was rushed to the fort and arrived in time to take part in the repulse and to aid in the capture of Soo Confederates. After General Longstreet's retreat, it took part in the skirmishes at Blain,s Crossroads and Dandridge, and occupied an outpost six miles in front of the city when General Schofield fell back the second time on Knoxville. In May, the regiment united with the left wing of General Sherman's army to participate in the Atlanta campaign. It marched to Tunnel Hill May 7, and on the following day skirmished into a position in front of Buzzard Roost Gap. In the engagement at Dallas it lost fifteen men in killed and wounded. It was actively engaged in the siege of Kenesaw Mountain, the battles at Pine and Lost Mountains, on the Chattahoochee river, at Nickajack Creek, at Peachtree Creek, in the siege of Atlanta and the engagements at Utoy Creek and Lovejoy's Station. It started on the Atlanta campaign with 380 men, and of this number lost, in killed and wounded, 212. Following Hood into Tennessee, it MILITARY HISTORY - 533 participated in the skirmishes at Columbia and was detailed to remain in the rear to guard the fords of Duck river while General Thomas' army fell back on Franklin. In the fight at Franklin, out of 183 men engaged, the regiment lost twenty-two men killed on the field, and forty-six wounded, many being killed by Confederate bayonets. The regiment lost 37Y, per cent. in killed and wounded, this being the largest casualty list of any regiment engaged in that awful conflict. This loss exceeds that of the immortal boo in the charge of Balaklava. After the battle, Gen. Orlando H. Moore, brigade commander, complimented the One Hundred and Eleventh in General. Orders. This regiment was severely engaged during both days' fighting in front of Nashville, and in the final charge on the second day it captured three Confederate battle-flags and a large number of prisoners, losing seven killed and fifteen wounded. After pursuing Hood's army across the Tennessee river, the regiment was sent to North Carolina, where it joined the army under General Terry, and was in the charge on Fort Anderson and in the skirmishes at Town Creek and Goldsboro. It then did garrison duty at Salisbury until ordered home to be mustered out. July 5, 186. The regiment numbered 1,050 when it entered the service and received eighty-five recruits. Of these men, 234 were discharged for disability. disease and wounds ; 200 died of disease contracted in the service ; 252 were killed in battle or 'died of wounds. and 401 were mustered out. leaving forty-eight unaccounted for. THE ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH OHIO INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Twenty-eighth infantry was organized at Columbus. Johnson's Island, and Camp Cleveland, from Dec. 7, 1861, to Jan. 8, 1864, to serve for three years. Companies A, B, C and D were originally known as Hoffman's Battalion and were transferred to this regiment Jan. 5. 1864. The regiment was principally engaged in guarding Confederate prisoners at Johnson's Island. but frequently furnished detachments for service elsewhere, including a short but active campaign in pursuit of Confederate troops in West Virginia in 1862. The original members of Companies A and B were mustered out Jan. 20 and Feb. 28, 1865. by reason of expiration of term of service, and the remainder of the regiment y: as mustered out July 13, 1865. in accordance with orders from the War Department. THE ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTIETH OHIO INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Thirtieth infantry was organized at Johnson's Island from May 13 to 31. 1864, to serve for 100 days. It was composed of the First regiment Ohio National Guard, from Lucas county, and the Seventy-fifth battalion Ohio National Guard, from Fulton county. The regiment left Toledo, May 12, 1864, to report to Brigadier-General Hill at Sandusky, for consolidation and muster-in. It moved to Johnson's Island and was engaged in guarding Confederate prisoners. On June 4 the regiment took the cars for Washington, I). C. It remained there but three days, when it embarked on the 534 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY transport George Weems and reported to General Butler at Bermuda Hundred, from which place it was ordered to Point of Rocks. The time was occupied in picketing the lines until June 21, when it marched to Deep Bottom and remained there until Aug. 11. It was mustered out at Toledo, Sept. 22, 1864, on expiration of term of service. THE ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FOURTH OHIO INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Eighty-fourth infantry was organized at Camp Chase in February, 1865. to serve for one year. Immediately after muster in it was ordered to Nashville, Tenn., where it remained for a short time doing garrison duty. From Nashville it proceeded to Chattanooga, thence to Bridgeport, Ala., which place it reached about March 21, and was engaged in protecting an important railroad bridge over the Tennessee river. On July 25, the regiment was. ordered to Edgefield for garrison duty, and remained at that place until it was mustered out of service, Sept. 20, 1865, at Nashville, Tenn. Its commander, Col. Henry S. Commager, had won distinction as captain, major and lieutenant-colonel in the Sixty-seventh Ohio ; Ezra S. Dodd. afterward State senator, was major of the regiment, and . Judge David H. Commager was a second lieutenant. THE ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-NINTH OHIO INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Eighty-ninth infantry was organized at Toledo, Camp Chase, Cincinnati, Marietta, Hillsboro and Dayton, from Jan. 12 to March 6, 1865, to serve for one year. On March 4 it was ordered to .report to General Thomas at Nashville. From there it was ordered to. Murfreesboro, where it remained for two months, and was then ordered to Tullahoma. There it remained for two months and was then ordered back to Nashville, where it was mustered out, Sept. 28. 1865. The field officers of the regiment were as follows : Henry D. Kingsbury, colonel ; J. McDermott Roe, lieutenant-colonel ; Norman Waite, major ; all of Toledo. FIRST OHIO ARTILLERY. First light artillery, Battery H.—In the fall of 1861, largely through the efforts and influence of Harvey Kellogg, George W. Norton, and others, the young men of Adams and adjoining townships organized a company. On Sept. 18, the company went into Camp Dennison, near Cincinnati, where it was reinforced by a squad from Marietta, thus completing a battery, which became Battery H, First light artillery, Col. James Barnett. Recruits entering the command later were mostly from Toledo and vicinity, so that it eventually came to be substantially a Lucas county company. Battery H was mustered into service, Nov. 7, 1861, and in January, 1862, proceeded by river to Parkersburg, W. Va., thence on the Baltimore & Ohio railroad to Patterson's creek. It was at Winchester in March, and on the 22nd engaged the enemy and performed in a very creditable manner. It MILITARY HISTORY - 535 was engaged in the battle of Port Republic and, although it left three guns upon the battlefield to fall into the hands of the enemy, General Shields complimented the battery on its gallant and efficient service. It marched with the army back to Fredericksburg and took part in the bombardment of that place by General Burnside's army. It participated in the battle of Chancellorsville, where, assisted by the Eleventh and Fourth New York, the men stood to the guns at a critical moment and helped to save the Union army from destruction. In June, the battery was placed in the artillery reserve of the Army of the Potomac and acted with it during the remainder of the war, being mustered out at Camp Taylor, June 14, 1865. About ninety members of the battery reached Toledo at 12:45 p. m. June 15, with Capt. Stephen W. Dorsey and Lieuts. James Harris. William E. Perigo and William E. Parmelee, Jr. They were met at the station by the Union Silver Band and a large number of citizens, by whom they were escorted to the dining hall of the Island House, where a dinner had been prepared. and where they were welcomed home as valiant heroes. THE TWENTY-FIRST OHIO BATTERY. The Twenty-first Independent Battery light artillery was mustered into service April 29, 1863, at Camp Dennison, by Capt. J. R. Paxton, of the Fifteenth United States infantry, to serve for three years. On May 8, Capt. James W. Patterson, with four of the guns, was sent to West Virginia, and after a brief but arduous campaign was ordered back to Camp Dennison. On May 20, the battery was placed on board the gunboat Exchange, as guard to Vallandigham, who had been banished by the President to the Confederate States. It went as far as Louisville, Ky., and was then brought back to Camp Dennison. The battery was engaged in the pursuit of Morgan's raiders through Indiana and Ohio. On Sept. 23, 1863, it started for Camp Nelson, Ky., and from there moved to Greenville, Tenn. It took part in the engagement at Walker's Ford and continued on guard duty in Tennessee and Alabama until the end of the war. It was mustered out July 21, 1865, at Camp Cleveland. Ohio. in accordance with orders from the War Department. THE THIRD OHIO CAVALRY. The Third cavalry was organized from the State at large, at Monroeville, Huron county, from Sept. 4 to Dec. I1, 1861, to serve for three years. In March, 1862, it was ordered to Nashville. Tenn., and arrived there on the 18th. In September, the first battalion of the regiment had a sharp engagement at Munfordville, Ky., with three times its own number and drove the enemy into his own works in three separate charges. Near Bardstown, the same battalion. reinforced by two companies of the Second Ohio and Third Kentucky cavalry, attacked the enemy, 1,200 strong, but without success. In October, a detachment of the regiment, with a portion of the Fourth cavalry, numbering in all 250 men, was completely surrounded near Lexington by John Mor- 536 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTI gan's forces, and after an obstinate resistance was compelled to yield to superior numbers. Private Thomas Croft, of Toledo, in a letter to his parents, stated that in the fight he was not more than fifty feet from the Confederate ranks. Edwin E. Carr, of East Toledo, and Charles H. Colerain, of Toledo, and F. M. Kent, of Bryan, were killed in the battle. During the first day's fight at Stone's River the regiment was actively engaged and suffered considerable loss. On the second day it left the field to escort a train of 4,000 wagons to Nashville for supplies. The train was attacked at Stewart's creek by Wheeler's Confederate cavalry, and the regiment, supported by the Tenth Ohio infantry, repulsed the Confederates with severe loss. After the battle of Stone's River, the regiment was sent in pursuit of the enemy, and near Middleton, Tenn., attacked his rear-guard. capturing one of his trains. During the battle of Chickamauga it occupied a position at Lafayette, on the extreme left of the Federal lines, where it was attacked by the Confederates and forced back to Charleston, Tenn. After the battle, the regiment moved as the advance of General Crook's forces ih pursuit of Wheeler's cavalry through Tennessee. engaging them at McMinnville and on the Shelbyville pike. The latter engagement was a handsome and successful cavalry fight, in which W'heeler's forces- were completely routed and demoralized, large numbers of the Confederates being killed and captured. In January, 1864. the regiment re-enlisted, and on the expiration of the thirty days' furlough returned to duty. Of the company which left Toledo, only thirty returned on furlough, many of the men being on detached service when the command left Nashville. In May, the regiment was engaged at Courtland, Ala., with the Confederate General Roddey's command, the Confederates being routed with the loss of upward of thirty men in killed and wounded. The regiment participated in the Atlanta campaign. It was engaged in the battle of Peachtree Creek, and in the flanking movements on Jonesboro it was in General Garrard's cavalry division, and it was the first to attack the enemy's forces at Lovejoy's Station. taking possession of the railroad. It was engaged in the Wilson raid through Alabama and Georgia, and in the battles of Selma, Ala.. and Macon, Ga. In the engagement at Selma it lost heavily in killed and wounded. Capt. Archibald J. Eyster, later of Toledo, was in command of the advance guard, and Lieut.-Col. H. N. Howland commanded the second brigade. The regiment was mustered out Aug. 4, 1865. There were representatives of Lucas county in nearly every regiment organized in Northwestern Ohio and Southern Michigan. either by original enlistment, transfer, or promotion, and wherever they were-these soldiersguns—are who stood behind the guns—Are the real heroes who saved the Union of these States. SOLDIER ORGANIZATIONS. Of the veteran soldier organizations. the Grand Army of the Republic made its first appearance in Toledo Nov. 19, 1866. A number of resident ex-soldiers met at the office of Col. John A. Chase, at which time Capt. Henry E. Howe presented the nature and advantages MILITARY HISTORY - 537 of such an organization and Forsyth Post was instituted. On Jan. 21, 1867, Ford Post. No. 14. was chartered, and a second charter was issued Aug. 26, 1878. Charles B. Mitchell Post, No. 84. at Maumee, was organized June 9, 1881, and the beautiful soldiers' monument at that place, with granite base and bronze statue, is an outgrowth of the organization. Ruckle Post, No. 335. at Monclova, was organized July 28, 1883, and although but few in membership and never strong in purse, through untiring efforts, it erected a fine brick building, at a cost of $1,800, and also a soldiers' monument at an expense of $500. The monument was dedicated on Memorial Day, 1870. It is fifteen feet in height, surmounted by an eagle, of pure white marble, and on the shaft is cut the names and records of twenty soldiers who enlisted from the vicinity of Monclova. Brint and McBride Post. No. 225, at Richfield Center, was organized and mustered into the Grand Army of the Republic, May 16, 1883, by Capt. I. P. Grover, of Toledo, under a general order from department headquarters. In 1885, with the aid of the Relief Corps, the post erected a fine building, 25x60 feet, two stories high. Previous to that time their meetings were held in the old Town Hall. Page Post. No. 471. at Sylvania. was organized July 3, 1884. by Capt. I. P. Grover, of Forsyth Post, No. 15. Quiggle Post. No. 289. at Swanton, was organized Jan. 2. 1883, by Maj. E. ( ). Brown, of Forsyth Post. Toledo. Ray Heller Post, No. 284, at Whitehouse, was organized by Comrades Grover and Brown, of Forsyth Post. No. 15, Toledo, Dec. 27, 1882. with twenty-two members. Albert Moore Post. No. 582. at West Toledo, was instituted March 29. 1886. The Grand Army posts in the city of Toledo at the present time are Ford Post. Forsyth Post, Toledo Past, and Volunteer Post. There are Woman's Relief Corps connected with most of the Toledo Grand Army posts. and a Circle of the Ladies of the Grand Army of the Republic. But the lapse of forty-five years since the close of the war, and more than forty-nine years since the beginning, has decimated the ranks of that once proud and unconquerable army, and left the remnant in the "sere and yellow leaf" of declining years. This is the only fraternal organization with a ''time limit" as to its existence. In the very nature of things, it must soon become only a memory. The Grand Army—in war or in peace. we shall never look upon its like again. SPANIISH-AMERICAN WAR. In the spring of 1898 came the declaration of war between the United States and Spain, and the equipment of an army and navy to combat the haughty Spaniard. In the settlement of this trouble Lucas county responded r with old-time vigor and enthusiasm. The noble sons of -patriotic sires promptly offered their services in the cause of liberty and performed their duty with commendable devotion. The 538 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY response was so universal over the land that many were disappointed in not reaching the scene of action, but they had shown their devotion to country and sympathy with the down-trodden and oppressed. The Lucas county boys, mostly members of Companies A, C, H, and L of the Sixth Ohio infantry, were off to the rendezvous at the earliest opportunity. They returned after about a year of service, but were dissatisfied that they could not have done more. A grand reception was accorded the regiment on its return, and then its members resumed the thread of peaceful life. A few Lucas county men reached the scene of action in the Philippines, where they rendered valiant service and proved their worthiness on every field. Of the Sixth Ohio infantry, William V. McMaken was colonel, Sanford B. Stanbery was major, Park L. Myers was surgeon with the rank of major, William H. Porter was adjutant, and John D. Howe was assistant surgeon. CHAPTER XX. INDUSTRIES. LUMBER, DOORS, SASH, ETC.-MILLS AND MILLING-FURNITURE FACTORIES AND DEALERS-MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING-WHOLESALERS AND JOBBERS IN SHOES-WHOLESALE GROCERY HOUSES-GROCERS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL-HARDWARE. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL-COMMISSION MEN IN FRUITS, PRODUCE. HAY, ETC.-GRAIN COMMISSIONERS AND BROKERS- MISCELLANEOUS WHOLESALERS-CLOTHING, RETAIL-DRYGOODS AND DEPARTMENT STORES - COAL COMPANIES-INSURANCE AND RE AL ESTATE-PRINTERS AND BOOK BINDERS-MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS-WINES AND LIQUORS. Toledo is pre-eminently a manufacturing city, and the present status is the result of three-quarters of a century of steady development. The early manufacturing enterprises were primitive in character and confined chiefly to the production of articles for home consumption. Lumber was one of the great necessities of the pioneer town, and the first manufacturing concern in Toledo is believed to have been a saw-mill, established in 1831, by Ezra Goodale and Oliver Stevens, and located on Swan Creek, where the Maumee and Monroe road (now Detroit avenue) crossed that stream. From a very small beginning, as the natural advantages were improved by railway facilities, the importance of Toledo as a manufacturing point gradually became recognized. It will not be practicable, within the limits allowed in this chapter, to attempt to give a full exhibit of the variety or the extent of the present manufacturing interests of the Corn City, but a few facts and details will indicate something of the progress already attained in that and other lines and of the prospects for the future. LUMBER-DOORS, SASH, ETC. The C. H. Schroeder Company, the oldest concern of its kind in the city. began the manufacturing of sash, doors blinds, etc., in 1867. on the same ground that the factory now occupies. In that year a small mill was built by Casper H. Schroeder, and for twenty years he conducted the business in his own name. In 1886, the business had reached such proportions that a stock company was organized, consisting of Casper H. Schroeder, Sam D. Dare. and Charles Dreyer. The authorized capital stock of the company is $70.003. The factory has been destroyed twice by fire-1880 and 1887. The company dues - 539 - 540 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY a wholesale business in filling orders, using white, yellow and Norway pine, hemlock and oak in its products. Orders are received from all parts of the United States, and in the past some shipments have been made to other countries. a notable shipment being made, in 1902, to the Westinghouse people of Manchester, England, the same being forty-two car loads of sash. doors, etc. The factory is located at the intersection of Erie and Kraus streets, and the men representing the company at the present time are : Wm. H. Schroeder, president and treasurer ; Charles Dreyer, vice-president : and Frederick Schroeder. secretary. The first-named is a son and successor of Casper H. Schroeder, the founder. who died in 1903. In 1908, Wm. H. Schroeder formed a partnership with his brother, Charles H., the firm being styled Wm. H. & C. H. Schroeder, to handle the local trade in sash, doors. etc. This concern was formerly located at the corner of Nebraska avenue and fifteenth street. but in 1910 it moved t) quarters just below the factory of the C. H. Schroeder Company, at 361 to 367 Erie street. The Western Manufacturing Company was organized and incorporated. with a capital stock of S50.000, in April. 1870,- by John H. Puck, Frederick Puck. and four others. Of the original firm. John H. Puck is the only one still retaining an interest in the business, Frederick Puck haying died, in 1900, and the other four sold their interests prior to 1886. The factory has always been located at the corner of Water and Vine streets, occupying ground 83x198 feet, and in addition to this the company owns and occupies a section of clock property 246 feet in length. adjoining on the river front, from Sycamore. to Locust streets. The company does a general lumber business and manufactures everything necessary to complete any kind of a building. About seventy-five men are necessary to handle the business of the company at the present time, and the output is approximately 4.000,000 feet of lumber annually, besides a large amount of shingles, lath, cedar posts and glass. The company has always treated its employes with consideration, and has never had a strike. An evidence of the mutual relations existing was shown on April 6. 191o. when the company banqueted its men on the fortieth anniversary of its organization. At that time, one employe that began work for the company on the 'day it started was still on the pay roll. and there were twelve others that had been with the firm for periods of from twenty-five to thirty-nine years. The firm is now composed of Frederick Schulty, president : John H. Puck, vice-president ; Charles C. F. Sieving, secretary ; and Fred J. Puck, treasurer, together with the widow and daughter of Frederick Puck, who are stockholders. The Witker Manufacturing Company, with yards and factory at the corner of Jackson and Water streets, was incorporated, May 1, 1886, with a capital stock of $50,000, wider the laws of the State of Ohio, the incorporators being, Fred E. Witker, Wm. F. Witker. Edward F. and Edward H. Witker, and George H. Witker. The company occupies ground that was formerly used by J. W. Walterhouse as a lumber yard. It is supplying the local trade in the manufacture of doors, sash, mouldings and all kinds of interior woodwork, also dealing INDUSTRIES - 341 in lumber, lath and shingles, of which a full line is carried. The concern has been very successful and does an annual business of over $130,000. In 1900, Edward F. Witker withdrew, and in 1908, Edward H. also withdrew his interest, leaving Fred. George and William—the former as president and the latter as secretary and treasurer—to conduct the business. In the year 1901. four independent concerns were merged into one. under the name of The Toledo Builders Supply Company, and it was incorporated with a capital stock of $200,000. The four concerns included in the organization of the company were P. T. Degnan Builders' Furnishing Company. Kind & Kuhlmann Builder's Supply Company. Fred Boice Company, and Doherty & Company. The company manufactures Cresceus Hard Wall Plaster and deals in all kinds of building material. In addition to being a supply company, the concern is interested in the manufacture of builders' brick and also is a dredger of sand. The yards of the Company are located as follows : No. 1. Main street and Toledo & Ohio Central Railroad : No. 2. 417 Water street : No. 3, Cherry street and Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad No. 4. South St. Clair street : No. 3. Fasset street and Pennsylvania Railroad : and No. 6, at Consaul street and Terminal Railroad. The company is a member of the National and also the Ohio Builders' Supply Association. The officers of the concern are Peter H. Degnan. president : Adam R. Kuhlmann, vice-president : Richard Kind. secretary and treasurer : Thomas J. Degnan, manager and T. D. Doherty. yard superintendent. The business of the company is scattered throughout Ohio. Indiana and Michigan. besides having a large local trade. About 13o men are used to carry on all the work. The Phoenix Box Factory is an industry that has been established within the past ten years. In 1900, the box manufacturing concern if Barbour & Starr—Marcus D. Barbour and Roland Starr—suffered severely by fire. the factory being located at 2800 Summit street. on the river front and the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad. Later in the same year, Messrs. E. M. and Frank J. Starr. younger brothers of Roland Starr in partnership with Charles W. Riegal. purchased the undamaged machinery of the old firm of Barbour & Starr and commenced the manufacture of boxes on a small scale, at the corner of Vine and Water streets. From a small beginning, the business increased to such an extent that larger yards and more ample facilities were needed. On Oct. 12. 1908, the firm moved the plant to the present quarters. at 2800 Summit street. having leased for a term of years the entire power plant and mills of Barbour & Starr, who had rebuilt, in moo. after the fire. In connection with the machinery from the old plant the firm erected a modern factory of ample capacity, with facilities equal to the best, enabling it to care for every requirement in its line that could be mentioned, including every character of mill work. The location is excellent, having several acres of mill yards on the river front, affording good (lockage. and also being on the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad. The firm today consists of E. M. Starr and C. W. Riegal, the death of F. J. Starr having occurred in 1903. The com- 542 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY pany carries a sufficient quantity of material in its dry sheds at all times to execute any and all orders received, and it manufactures boxes of all sizes and kinds for all purposes. It employs about seventy-five men and does both a wholesale and a retail business, most of its trade being in Ohio, Indiana and Michigan, and some shipments reach Boston and St. Louis. The raw material comes from Northern Michigan and Southern Canada, by rail and water. The name of the company is significant of its origin. Box manufacturing with the Wilsons began when, in 1854. George Wilson, the founder of the business, established himself in small quarters near the corner of Monroe and Erie streets. Iii the course of a few years, the business prospered to such an extent that Mr. Wilson decided to take Walter 0. Wilson into partnership. and later, in 1881, Frank M. was given an interest. In the last named year the factory was moved to its present location, at 115 Lucas street, to have better facilities and more space. The partnership arrangement was continued until 1900, when the business was incorporated, with a capital stock of $30,000 under the name of George Wilson & Son's Company. The factory. manufactures boxes for bottle companies and bottle users. hence the sales from the box factory are not limited to local territory. but orders are received from all parts of the United States. Upon the death of the father and founder of the company, F. M. Wilson became the president, W. H. McKenna, secretary and treasurer, and Mrs. W. O. Wilson, vice-president. The B. A. Stevens Company. which had its origin some thirty-five years ago, is one of the solid industries of Toledo. This large business was founded. in 1875. by B. A. Stevens. who conducted the factory in a modest way for many years. The plant, which is located at the corner of Erie. LaFayette and Lucas streets, consists of the offices, three factory buildings. and a warehouse. The main factory is a five-story structure, 200x200 feet a four-story structure. 50x100 feet; and a two-story structure, 50x100 feet. All parts of the plant were erected with special regard to the products of the company. Each building is supplied with the most modern machinery for the manufacture of standard bowling alleys and fixtures. bar furniture and fixtures; refrigerators and ice boxes, billiard tables and fixtures, tobacco cases, etc. More than Too people are employed, most of them being experts in their line and commanding high salaries. After the death of B. A. Stevens, in 1905, the company was incorporated, with a capital stock of $250,000, and the following officers were chosen : W. L. Chase. president, treasurer and manager ; T. T. Dempsey, vice-president ; and J. A. Haverfield, secretary. Most of the business of the company is carried on through the mails, and orders are received from all parts of the United States and many foreign countries. The history of the American Woodenware Manufacturing Company, with its factory at Nos. 371-472 South Erie street, in Toledo, dates back to 1867, when James H. Taylor, at the age of sixteen years. entered the employ of the Union Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of woodenware, in the city of Toledo. He spent the greater INDUSTRIES - 543 part of the next thirteen years with this company and, in 188o, was offered and accepted the position of superintendent and manager of a similar factory at Westfield, Mass.. where he -spent the next three and one-half years. With a wide and practical know-ledge of the wooden-ware business, he then returned to Toledo and organized the American Churn Company, which later became the American Woodenware Company. This plant was eventually sold, in 1890, to the estate of William Peter, and Mr. Taylor was retained as manager of the woodenware department. receiving, in return for his services and patents, a royalty on the output thereof. After spending eleven years as manager of the above company, he organized, in 1902, the present company, which was incorporated, in August, 1902. with a capital stock of $50,000, as the American Woodenware Manufacturing Company. of which he has been the president and general manager to the present time. The site of the present factory was purchased in 1903, modern buildings being erected thereon immediately following that date. The concern is one of the largest factories of its kind in the United States, covering and using thousands of feet of floor space. in the manufacture of such commodities as churns, butter workers. washing: machines, plant and tree tubs, heavy pails of oak. cedar and cypress, harvest kegs, cider and pickle kegs, wine and liquor kegs. railroad water barrels, hardwood kits, and fireless cookers. The company won medals at the Jamestown Exposition, in Virginia. in 1907, and also at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, at St. Louis. in 190.1. Branch sales houses are maintained at Chicago. New York. Kansas City, San Francisco, Denver. Seattle. Nashville. Memphis. Salt Lake. Boston, and Dallas, in the United States, besides haying three in Canada—at Toronto. Montreal and Winnipeg-. Outside of the above sales houses and offices, the company carries on considerable exporting to foreign countries—a part of the business that has steadily increased. Many men are given employment in the factory, and the sales-representatives are well scattered over the country. looking after the trade interests. The officers at this writing are : James H. Taylor. president and general manager : James Hodge. vice-president and treasurer James H. Taylor. Jr.. secretary : Julius Byron Taylor, superintendent : and Herbert G. Taylor. managing salesman : all of whom are well known in the social and industrial life of the city of Toledo. The Collier Barnett Company. general wholesalers of sash and doors and mill wood-work of all kinds, began business in Toledo, in 1906. At the same time it was incorporated with a capital stock of 550,000, the plant being located at the corner of Vance and Twelfth streets. Some 6o,000 square feet of floor space is used, all devoted to the handling of lumber articles. The plant is a branch of the main factory at Dubuque, Iowa. one of the largest factories of its kind in the country. Other branches are located at Omaha, Des Moines, Peoria and Indianapolis. The Toledo branch handles much of the trade, from the Ohio and Indiana line to the State of New York, on the south to the Kentucky line, and on the north to the Canadian line. Many traveling representatives are kept busy in the field, placing the material 544 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY of the concern. The officers of the company are : T. T. Adams, president ; J. C. Collier, vice-president : H. S. Fox. treasurer, and C. L. Barnett, secretary and manager. The Robert Hixon Lumber Company, with its main offices at Nos. 1231-1233 in the Nicholas Building, in Toledo, w as organized, in 1904, as a partnership arrangement, by the Hixon brothers—Robert and William—and F. S. Smith. The business grew to such a volume that articles of incorporation were applied for and secured, in 1908, with a capital stock of $100,000. The concern has always conducted a retail lumber business and has local yards established in fifteen cities in Ohio and three in Indiana. Those in Indiana are located at Garrett, Winchester and Butler, and the more prominent ones in Ohio are at Mansfield, Orville, Shreeve, Ottawa and Leipsic. At the last mentioned place a mill is maintained for the purpose of doing any mill work for the company that may be necessary in filling a shipment. The firm is a large dealer in all classes of lumber and building material, principally hemlock and yellow pine. The concern is what is known as a line-yard company. buying all its products ready milled, as far as a general purpose, and in turn shipping from its yards. The product is obtained from Texas to Alabama on the Gulf Coast. and also from the State of Michigan. Mr. Smith was, prior to 1904. in the retail lumber business in Illinois and also at Sandusky, Ohio. The present officers of the company are Robert Hixon, president and treasurer, and F. S. Smith. secretary. In the fall of 1909. Mr. Hixon was chosen to represent Wamba, the king of the carnival in Toledo. MILLS AND MILLING. Toledo-made flour has long been recognized as the best to be found at any point in the Middle West. and it finds a ready sale in all the Eastern markets of the land. A large number of mills have been started in Toledo and have been operated with profit to the owners. for many years past. One of the largest mills is that of the National Milling Company, located in East Toledo, with offices in the Produce Exchange. This concern was incorporated in i891. with a capital stock of $200.000. In a few years the company had established such an excellent reputation for its product that it was deemed necessary to increase the capital stock to $600,000, the additional amount being used to increase the capacity, and the mills now manufacture 4,000 barrels of both flour and feed per day. The storage capacity is estimated at 1,500,000 bushels, and the concern in its trade dealings ships to the Eastern, Southern and Central States, some exporting being done to parts of Western Europe and the British Isles. Modern machinery is used for the manufacture of both spring and winter wheat flour. The officers of the company are David Anderson, president and general manager ; George T. Rudd, secretary and treasurer W. C. Marmon, vice-president : and A. C. Brantingham, superintendent. Another mill, fully equipped with splendid milling machinery, is the Northwestern Elevator & Mill Company, located at the corner of INDUSTRIES - 545 Summit and Columbus streets. Incorporated in 1896, with a capital stock of $25o,000, the mill has a producing capacity of 1,800 barrels of flour and many tons of feed per day, and they are sent to the New England States, and the Southern and Eastern parts of the United States, as well as to England. Elevators, with a capacity of over 300,000 bushels, are convenient for shipping purposes, both in Toledo and at Mt. Vernon and Loudonville, Ohio, where the company has two branch mills to handle the surplus trade. The president, Rathbun Fuller, together with C. S. Coup, vice-president and general manager, and J. H. Taylor, the treasurer, are all well known Toledo men. The Isaac Harter Milling Company, a Toledo concern—the mill being at Fostoria, Ohio—has offices in the Produce Exchange. The men connected with this concern are : A. Mennel, president L. A. Mennel, vice-president and secretary ; M. N. Mennel, treasurer ; and F. E. Near, superintendent. Twenty-three years ago this company commenced operations, with a capital stock of $200,000, which in the last few years has risen to $500,000. Starting with a small force of men, the company now employs nearly boo, and it ships flour and feed to the entire eastern half of the United States, as well as to Europe, South Africa and Cuba. Over 1,200,000 bushels of grain can be stored in the immense elevators, and the mill, when working to its capacity, produces 2.200 barrels of flour per day. One of the smaller mills of note is that of the Toledo Grain & Milling Company, known as the "Armada Mills," and located at the foot of Harrison street. The men who were directly connected. with the founding of this manufacturing industry were F. N. Quale, D. W. Camp and W. J. Woods. For several years prior to 1889, the site of the mill was occupied by a large milling plant, known as the "Armada Mills," but it was destroyed by fire in the '80's. The present company subsequently bought the ground and, in 1889, erected the building and commenced to manufacture flour and feed, with a capital stock of $30,000. incorporating as the Toledo Grain Milling Company. The specialty is Camp's Pansy Brand of flour. The mills have an output of 500 barrels of flour per day and a storage capacity of 75,000 bushels. Besides manufacturing flour, the mills devote considerable attention to the grinding of feed of all kinds, putting out 15o tons per day. The men active's connected with the business are : D. W. Camp. Sr., president and general manager ; A. W. Wanamaker, vice-president E. L. Camp, secretary and treasurer. In its business dealings, the concern is well known in- Pennsylvania, -West Virginia. New York. New Jersey, and Maryland, as well as doing a large amount of home business. One of the smaller mills of the city is that of George W. Wagoner, located at 958 and 960 Oak street, on the East Side, where for six years Mr. Wagoner has been operating very successfully, manufacturing both flour and feed. A ready sale has been found in the city and in Northwestern Ohio and Southern Michigan. The mill, a three-story affair. is nicely equipped with improved milling machinery and turns out 1.25o barrels of flour per month, also having a capacity, of twenty- 546 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY five tons of feed and grinding per day. Mr. Wagoner's special brands are "Wagoner's Pride" and "Home Trade Flour," both of which are equal to any on the market. East Toledo has many concerns that rank well with those of other cities, in all classes of industries. The East Side Iron Elevator Company was organized .and incorporated, with a capital stock of $30,000, in the year 1895. It stands at the intersection of the Lake Shore railroad and Miami street. It has always kept many men busy in handling the grain shipped in and out. The capacity of the steel storage tanks of the plant is approximately 1,000,000 bushels. Being on the Lake Shore railroad and the Maumee river, the location is such that shipping is convenient either by rail or water. The officers of the company at this writing are : W. W. Edwards. president ; James Hodge, vice-president ; and A. W. Boardman, secretary, treasurer and manager. The offices of the concern are located in the Produce Exchange, No. 17. This year ( 1910) extensive improvements have been added in its shipping facilities and its capacity has been increased 100,000 bushels by new concrete additions. The capital stock stands at $100,000. FURNITURE--FACTORIES AND DEALERS. Toledo has been quietly and steadily turning out fine products in the furniture line for several years, and doing a work to which the people may well point with pride. Many large factories, wholesale houses and retail stores have been established, making the business one of the important industries of Northwestern Ohio. The Hein Furniture Company, 126-136 South Huron street. stands among the foremost in the city to-day. Over sixty-five skilled workmen are employed and many sales representatives are placing orders in all parts of the United States, Southern Canada and some portions of Mexico. The factory is a three-story brick structure, having a floor space of 40,000 square feet, and several large dry kilns. The company makes a specialty of designing and manufacturing furniture of all kinds, interior woodwork for bank, office and public buildings. A large number of complete lines are carried in stock, so that they can fill most any order in a very short space of time. The business was organized in 1898, on a partnership basis, by Theodore Hein. Carl Otte, Charles Schnaitter, and John Kiel. The partners, being very successful, in 1905 decided to incorporate, which was accordingly done, with a capital stock of $50,000. The officers of the company are: Carl Otte, president ; Troy A. Dahn, vice-president and general manager; and E. C. Roemmele, secretary and treasurer. The firm of Stolberg & Parks, wholesalers and retailers of furniture, was organized by F. J. Stolberg and J. L. Parks, and began business Jan. 1, 1888, in a four-story brick building, formerly erected by them, on the corner of Summit and Adams streets, their present location. A few years later, an additional building was constructed. in the rear, and soon another addition was completed to Water street, covering two lots. The business grew so rapidly that it was neces- INDUSTRIES - 547 sary to add four stories to the original building, on Summit street. making it the largest store building, outside of Chicago or New York. exclusively devoted to furniture. The death of Mr. Stolberg, in 1909. left J. L. Parks in sole ownership of this immense business. Six years after Messrs. Stolberg & Parks engaged in the wholesale and retail furniture business, they decided to organize a company for the manufacture of high grade upholstered furniture. This was styled the Toledo Upholstering Company, and many furniture stores in all parts of the United States sell its goods. The concern exhibit their stock on the sixth floor of the Blodgett Block, in Grand Rapids. in January and July each year, and many orders are taken at that time. After the death of Mr. Stolberg, a stock company was formed. with the following officers : J. F. Barker, president ; Joseph J. Bracht. vice-president : J. L. Parks, treasurer and general manager ; Arthur F. Stolberg, secretary : and Mrs. A. F. Stolberg, assistant treasurer and confidential bookkeeper. Mr. Barker and A. F. Stolberg are the sales agents and visit most of the principal cities each year. New designs are brought out twice a year. In 1903, attracted by the rapid. yet healthy, growth of the city of Toledo. and counting on the reputations of its citizens to support new industries. the Kobacker Furniture Company, with interests in Pennsylvania, decided to make Toledo their headquarters for the distributing of home furnishings throughout the States of Ohio, Southern Michigan, and Western Indiana. In this year, the Kobackers opened a beautifully appointed store at Nos. 324-326 Summit street. the six floors being stocked with the finest lines of furniture, carpets, stoves. etc., brought from many manufacturing plants in various countries. In 1905. only two years after the concern was established, the firm having outgrown its floor space. an addition, equal to the original building. was erected on Water street, giving the company a floor space of 86,000 square feet. one entire block in depth. From 1905. various warehouses were secured to accommodate the continuous growth of the company until to-day they occupy, in addition to their store building, 60,000 square feet of warehouse floor space, in all nearly 150,000 square feet. In 1909. to facilitate the handling of their Michigan trade, the company erected a large building in the city of Flint. Mich. The firm is composed of M. Kobacker. I. Silverman and Rosenblum. The Buckeye Parlor Furniture Company, although less than five years established, has made a success for itself that speaks well for the members of the concern. Organized and incorporated with $10.000, in July, 1906, the company has twice since increased its capital stock, to-day $50,000. The members of this new venture are J. M. Skinner, F. B. Anderson, L. G. Torgler, C. V. Skinner, and Mrs. Jeannette Wright. The original quarters were on Erie street, at present occupied by the Voegele & Dinning Company. but in 1907 larger space was needed, and the company moved to the present location. formerly used by the Hettrick Brothers Manufacturing Company, corner of Monroe and Twenty-first streets. As the building was but two stories in height. it was soon necessary to add two floors, making a 548 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY four-story structure, 80x120. Since the remodeling, in 1909, the company has continued to build up a good trade in all the central States, from New York to Kansas City. 'Besides manufacturing all lines of upholstered parlor furniture, devoted to parlor and library styles, the company has given an entire floor to the displaying of complete sets or the inspection of prospective buyers, entertained by the local retailers. The King House Furnishing Company was established in March, 1908, with a capital stock of $30,000, and it occupies the entire six floors of the large brick structure at Nos 444-446-448 Summit street. The concern is carrying a 'full line of furniture, stoves, carpets and draperies, and has an excellent trade in Toledo and in the immediate vicinity. The company is associated with May, Stern & Company, of St. Louis, a syndicate of stores located in twenty-three of the .larger cities of the United States. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING. Of the leading industries in Toledo, the development of iron and steel manufacture to its present large proportions is due mainly to the city's favorable location. Being within easy reach of the Lake Superior mines on the north and the immense coal fields in the southeast, and profiting by favorable freight tariffs, it is not surprising that Toledo has become a great producer of iron and steel goods. The Haughton Elevator & Machine Company is one of the oldest manufacturing concerns in Toledo. The original company was a co-partnership affair, formed in 1866, and known as Cooke, Kniesser & Groff, and their plant occupied property on South Huron street, now used as part of the plant of the present company. About 1867, Col. Nathaniel Haughton succeeded Mr. Cooke, and the firm became known as Haughton, Kniesser & Groff. Shortly afterward, Mr. Haughton purchased the interest of Mr. Groff, and the name became Haughton & Kniesser. In 1890. Mr. Haughton purchased the interest of his partner, and from that time on the concern was known as the N. Haughton Foundry and Machine Company, not incorporated. H. B. Haughton, son of Col. N. Houghton, became interested in the firm, about 1890, and in 1897 the concern was incorporated, with a capital stock of $25,000. under the name of The Houghton. Elevator & Machine Company. From the small start made by the original company, the concern has grown until, at the present time, it has about twenty times the floor space occupied in 1866. The ground occupied by the original company forms a part of the present plant. so that it has practically been in the same location for a period of forty-five years. At the present time 15o men are employed, and the company is the only concern of its kind between New York and Chicago not belonging to, or controlled by, the Elevator trust. The officers of the company at this writing are : Spencer D. Carr, president ; Moses G. Bloch, vice-president ; Irving N. Haughton, treasurer ; and Harry E. Haughton, secretary and general manager. The company builds passenger and freight elevators, to be operated by electric, hydraulic, steam INDUSTRIES - 549 and hand power, and in addition carries a full line of repairs, besides doing a general machine, foundry and forge work. East Toledo has many factories of note, among them being the plant of the American Bridge Company. In 1867, R. W. Smith, now deceased, incorporated the Smith Bridge Company for manufacturing bridges. He had secured patents covering the construction of a wooden bridge, and the work of the company at that time was making these bridges. A very successful business was carried on, bridges being made up to 300-foot spans, the timbers being framed in Toledo and shipped to their destination in the surrounding country. About 1875. iron began to take the place of wood in many parts of the structures, and the company added smith shops, etc., for getting out the iron parts. By the early '80's, wooden structures were entirely abandoned, and the company installed machinery for the riveting and making of complete structures of iron. In the late '80's and early '90's, steel began to take the place of iron, and the business gradually grew to the manufacturing of steel bridges. The plant at first was situated on the Cincinnati. Hamilton & Dayton Railway, near the river. and the business was carried on by the Smith Bridge Company until about 1890. when it was sold to new parties. and the name was changed to the Toledo Bridge Company. The business was carried on at the same place and in very much the same way until tool, at which time it was transferred to the American Bridge Company, and since that time it has been known as the Toledo plant of the company. In 190o. a new plant was built on the main line of the Lake Shore Railroad, and the old plant was abandoned. The concern to-day employs about 450 men and produces about thirty tons of finished structural work for bridges and buildings, each year. M. T. Riggs is the manager of this plant for the American Bridge Company. Among the recent industries incorporated is the Toledo-Massillon Bridge Company, located at the corner of Dorr street and the Michigan Southern Railroad. This company is engaged in the construction of bridges and building- material of every description, and has a capital stock of 8400,000. The company employs over 300 men and the present officers are : T. H. Tracy, president : Charles A. Peckham, vice-president and general manager : and NV. S. Stephenson, secretary and treasurer. The product of the concern finds a market in the entire United States, from coast to coast, and, in addition to bridges and building material, manufactures electrical traveling cranes and coal and ore handling machinery. The factory is modern in every respect, compressed air and electricity being the operating power. All the tools and machinery are of the latest pattern, and some 45,000 square feet of floor space is used. New enterprises are constantly entering Toledo, among them being the United States Malleable Iron Company, situated on the Bay Terminal Railway. in East Toledo. This plant was incorporated in 1903, with a capital stock of $100,000, and it has since been increased to 8150,000. Several large concrete buildings are now used to house a force of some 400 men, at times busy both night and day. Manufacturers of automobiles are using the products of this factory in large