550 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY quantities, in all the Middle West, and the company is constantly adding to its facilities for supplying the trade. Being connected with the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad and the Lake Shore Railroad gives it the very best of shipping facilities, both as to getting raw material and to sending out the finished castings. The officers of the company are : R. C. Pew, president ; E. C. Hagener, vice-president, treasurer and general manager ; and W. H. Jeffery, secretary. The Toledo Metal Wheel Company, which manufactures baby carriages, go-carts, children's vehicles of all classes, and both adult and juvenile bicycles, was organized as an entirely new concern, in Toldo, in 1887, by Frank E. Southard, and it was incorporated under the laws of the State of Ohio. Its product was limited in the first few years to the manufacture of baby carriage wheels and baby carriage hardware. The plant was of small size and was located at the corner of Bancroft and Smead avenue. The business was so successful that the company soon decided to manufacture baby carriages complete, and in the last few years it has produced children's vehicles and toys of every description. The "Toledo" bike and the "Favorite" go-cart are found in every part of the world. The company has a large export trade, which is handled through a branch office at New York City, devoted exclusively to exporting. Another branch office, in New York, handles the Eastern trade, and other domestic sales offices are established at San Francisco, Los Angeles and Minneapolis. The New York foreign office has sales agents at Buenos Ayres, South America ; Cape Town, Africa ; Melbourne, Australia ; Tokio, Japan ; Lond0n, England ; and even in New Zealand. Some 650 people are employed in the factory, and when the new additions are completed the floor space will aggregate 600,000 square feet. The plant is modern in every way, being electrically operated throughout and having the latest improved machinery. The 0fficers of the company are : F. E. Southard, president and general manager ; John Craig, vice-president ; F. B. Crosby, secretary, and E. D. Ross, treasurer. The W. G. Nagle Electric Company began business, Nov. 14, 1898, and two years later incorporated with a capital stock of $50,000. Since then, the concern has increased that amount to $125,000, which shows the prosperity that has rewarded the venture. The company has a modern building at Nos. 28-30-32 St. Clair street, of four floors and basement, a total floor space of 42,000 square feet, all devoted to wholesaling and retailing of electrical supplies and automobile accessories. The company not only does a local business, but is supplying dealers in Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan. The firm also handles a modern line of many kinds of electrical machinery. The present officers are: W. G. Nagle, president and general manager ; R. B. Crane, vice-president, and H. H. Dennis, secretary and treasurer. The Toledo Chandelier Manufacturing Company was established in March, 1901, and incorporated with a capital stock of $10,000, which was increased, in August of the same year, to $25,00o. Three years later the stock was again increased, this time to $1o0,000, which shows a phenomenal growth to an almost infant industry. From its inception, the firm has been located at Nos. 127-129 Huron street, INDUSTRIES - 551 and, in 1905, the adjoining number, 131, was added. This concern manufactures gas, electric and combination chandeliers, and in its trade dealing ships to all the Central and Southern States, Several traveling men are kept busy and a branch sales room has been established at Kansas City, besides agencies in many other fields. The officers, all prominent in Toledo commercial life, are: A. E. Klauser, president; C, W. Klauser, secretary and treasurer, and H, G. Boyers, manager. Seventy-five people are kept busy in making special fixtures for carrying- out decorative schemes, in harmony with the plans of architects and builders, for banks, churches, residences, and all types of public buildings. The company has been successful in its own locality. The directors of the company are: A. E. Klauser, C. W. Klauser, William Lindley, William Loeffler, Otto Thump, and William Dipple, the last three named being expert chandelier mechanics. The Western Gas Fixture Company was established as a co-partnership by Julius J. Coon, James C. Spelman, James E, Brown, and John F. Brown, in December, 1892. This partnership lasted until December, 1896, when the firm incorporated, with a capital stock of 520,000, and with Julius J. Coon as president, James C. Spelman as yice-president, and Edward N. Riddle as secretary and treasurer. The company designs and manufactures a complete line of up-to-date lighting fixtures for all methods of illumination. Starting in a small way at its inception, it has had a healthy and continuous growth and is now one of the most prominent manufacturers in its line, In 1907 the capital stock was increased to $100,000, and the business has been getting larger and expanding into new fields, so that to-day its product is known and esteemed by the trade throughout the entire country, for its quality and artistic merit. Over seyenty-five men are employed in the factory, which is located at 607 to 617 St. Clair street, and it occupies two floors and keeps five men constantly busy, looking after the trade interests. The men identified with the concern are: Edward N. Riddle, president and treasurer ; Charles C. Corwin, vice-president : and William J. Scllicet, secretary. If the father of Peter Gendron had not been in the wagon manufacturing business on a small scale, when Peter was a boy, we might not have such a large industry in the city of Toledo to-day as the Gendron Wheel Company. Peter undoubtedly spent considerable of his time in his father's shop and, being of a mechanical turn of mind. developed his ideas as he found it convenient. At the age of twenty-one, he came to Toledo and was employed as a patternmaker for Russel & Thayer, of the Toledo Novelty Works. Desiring to better his lot, he moved to Detroit, in 1871, and there he was employed as a patternmaker for the Detroit Safe Company. It was while he was in Detroit that he first gave his attention to the inventing of the wire wheel. After 1875-76, he came back to Toledo and gave his attention to the perfecting of 1.6s invention, it first being used on children's carriages. In 1877, with three other men, he started a factory in North Toledo, but failed, owing to lack of capital. After three years of hard work, he established a market for his goods, and, in 1880, organized the Gendron Iron Wheel. Company. which was a stock company, 552 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY located at 218 Summit street. The business developed slowly. but by 1883 it was necessary to have larger quarters. The present site—corner of Orange and Superior streets—was chosen for the future factory, and a four-story building, l00 feet each way, was erected. The slow growth of the industry was due to the competition of the Eastern factories, which manufactured a wooden wheel. The old wheel Mr. Gendron had been making was too expensive and, in 1882. he invented another, which is cheaper, lighter and more durable. Attracted by the possibilities of the business, such men as George H. Fisher and Joshua F. Vogel had taken an interest in the concern, in the early '80's. By the year 1890, the company had added 120 feet to their plant on Superior street. employed some 300 men, and was capitalized at $300.000—no small concern at that time in the rapidly growing Western town. Additional ground. adjoining the company's plant, was purchased from time to time and buildings were erected thereon until to-day it owns the greater portion of the block bounded by Orange, Jackson and St. Clair streets, haying a floor space of over 250,000 square feet. The plant is modern in every respect. fully equipped with automatic sprinklers and the very latest fire-fighting apparatus. Power is supplied by thirty-five electric motors, having an aggregate of 500 horsepower. The company was styled the Gendron Iron Wheel Company for several years, but some years ago the name was changed to The Gendron Wheel Company. The company was not only the originator of the wire wheel, but it has been the recognized leader in goods of that class. Many of the machines used in the manufacture of the company's product are the direct invention of Mr. Gendron or his mechanics. As a result of this, the company is the possessor of some of the most perfect electric welding, rim-truing and wheel-making machinery in existence. The concern has a capacity of 2,500,000 steel wheels, annually, all of which are required to equip articles of their own manufacture. The company has long since been recognized as the largest manufacturers of children's vehicles in the world. The product of the factory consists of baby carriages, go-carts, velocipedes. tricycles, express and coaster wagons, juvenile automobiles, hand-cars, doll carriages and push-carts. The company is still a large factor in the manufacture of bicycles, having been one of the pioneers in that industry. Years ago, the annual sales of the company passed the $i.000,000 mark, and are now considerably above that figure. The present capital stock of the company is $500,000, and the officers are : T. F. Vogel, president ; Peter Gendron, vice-president ; William L. Diemer, secretary, and Charles R. Wilhelm, treasurer. The Merrell Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of pipe threading and cutting machinery, was organized by T. S. Merrell and incorporated in the year 1888, with a capital stock of $50,000, taking, over the plant of the Toledo Mower & Reaper Company, which company was dissolved and retired from business. Machinery was installed, and the company for several years was interested in the manufacture of windmills, but, in 1893, that business was discontinued and the manufacture of pipe threading and cutting machinery was commenced and continued till '-)day, with enviable success. In 1903, INDUSTRIES - 553 the business was so prosperous that the capital stock was increased $80,000. The company has a trade which reaches all parts of the United States and portions of Canada and Mexico, and it also does some exporting of its machines. The company manufactures machines for the threading and cutting of the heaviest kind of pipe used in oil fields, shops and mills. Both power and hand machines are turned out, and special attention has been given to the designing and construction of these machines, so that they will stand the constant service required of them in both light and heavy work. The officers of the company are : George W. Thomas, president ; C. M. Cook, vice-president ; and E. A. Cobley, secretary and treasurer. The plant has always been located at the intersection of Curtis street and the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad. The Toledo Plow Company was incorporated, in 1903, with a capital stock of $23,000, and commenced to manufacture a general line of agricultural implements and lightning rods, using the former plant of the old Toledo Plow Company, which was dissolved, leaving its name to its successor. The concern employs nearly eighty men and ships its products to various parts of the country, the most of its trade being in Michigan. The officers of the company are : R. W. Kirkley, president ; Geo. L. Shanks, secretary : and A. C. Davis, manager and treasurer. The plant is located at the intersection of Lake Shore avenue and Tudor street, in West Toledo. Twenty-two years ago. Jacob T. Leonard began to manufacture stoves in a small wooden building. located on the ground that is occupied today by the Toledo Stove & Range Company, at the corner of Smead and Grand avenues. The first output was very small and but few men were needed in the factory, as it was practically a new industry for Toledo, the Western trade being supplied by Eastern manufacturers. The business gradually grew and, in 1893, a company under the name of the Toledo Stove & Range Company, was organized to take over the plant, and Mr. Leonard retired from the active conduct of the concern. Starting with a capital stock of $100,000. the company successfully met the Eastern and Southern competition, and in two years' time had established a name for its products in the Middle West. At this writing the company has nearly seven acres of floor space, in all about four acres of ground in buildings, and it is planning for still larger quarters. Raw material is shipped in from the Southern States in pig form and in a short time is worked up into the various stoves, ranges and heaters. so well known to the modern trade. The company manufactures an average of 20,000 per year, at an estimated value of $300.000. The finished product in the factory store-rooms shows that the company has kept pace with the fuel question of today. About 173 men are given employment and all are expert in their knowledge of the business. Branch sales houses have been established at New York, .St. Louis and Kansas City, to supply a field consisting of the entire United States and parts of Canada. The larger part of the business is in the northern tier of States, where the climatic conditions are such that artificial heat is necessary. Both steel and cast-iron stoves 554 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY and ranges are manufactured, and the company uses the name "Toledo” to denote durability and quality. The company manufactures and designs its own patterns, and the plant is operated by both steam and electrical machinery, the latter gradually becoming predominant. The concern is independent in every way, doing its own nickle-plate work and manufacturing all accessories. After a new design is developed, it is given a thorough test, and none of the products leaves the factory without the stamp of approval,. under all conditions. A. L. Canfield is the New York representative, Jacob Retterer in Chicago, and the Nowell-Shapleigh Hardware Company in St. Louis. The officers of the company are : George G. Metzger, president George Detwiler, secretary ; H. A. Furber, vice-president and general manager ; and John Sneider, treasurer. The largest jobbers and manufacturers of electrical supplies and machinery is the F. Bissell Company, which was established in 1902. with a capitalization of $150,000. The main office and supply building used by this company is modern throughout, consisting of four floors and basement, at 226, 228 and 230 Huron street. The warehouses and yards are conveniently located for shipping purposes in various parts of the city. The factory is at 361 South Huron street. The company manufactures and deals in nearly everything for lighting. power. railways, telephones, dynamos. motors. and switchboards. Such supplies as poles. cross-arms. pins, and brackets are shipped in from various parts of the United States. The officers are : Frederick Bissell, president ; James Hodge, vice-president D. C. Scott. treasurer ; Walter Bissell, secretary. The board of directors consists of the officers and G. B. McNary, R. S. Holbrook, and W. W. Landman. The company ships most of its products to Ohio. Indiana, and Michigan. The M. I. Wilcox Company was incorporated in 1886—forty years after the business was founded by the man whose name the concern bears—with a capital stock of 5123.000. The business was established for the purpose of supplying the ships and boats on the river with all necessary articles, such as canvas, oil. tar. ropes. etc., and the volume of business of the resultant company speaks well for the success of the venture. The building::: of the company consist of a large store, .with factory adjoining, on Water street. at Nos. 210. 212. 214 and 216, and a warehouse on Water street—in all, some 70.000 square feet of space available to the company's use. for manufacturing. -wholesaling and jobbing. In the past years, the company have added to their line until now they not only handle supplies for vessels. such as rope, oil, paint, canvas, etc.. but also deal in mill and railroad supplies. Tents, awnings, tarpaulins, etc., are manufactured of any size or grade, and many orders come from the Government for the Army and Navy. Eleven men are in the field, throughout Ohio, Indiana, Michigan and the Great Lake region, in the interests of the company, and seventy-five men are kept busy in the factory and store. In canvas goods the company is not confined to any locality, but reaches all the Middle West. The company delivers all dock and ship supplies with their own boat, the M. I. Wilcox. The men connected with the INDUSTRIES - 555 business are : U. S. 'Wilcox, president ; A. J. Wilcox, vice-president ; F. F. Ingalls, secretary and treasurer and C. J. Stanley, manager. The Toledo Foundry Machine Company, which is a successor of H. Moore & Company, formerly located on the corner of Water and Vine streets, was established and incorporated, in 1880, with a capital stock of $50,000. The plant has grown and expanded till today it covers an area from Cherry to Vine street. The men guiding the destinies of this company today are : H. W. Koelker, president : J. C. Wuerfel, treasurer and general manager ; and C. E. Wuerfel, secretary. The company fills orders in all parts of the United States and has many foreign customers. The business of the concern is a general line of machine and foundry work, such as plain and architectural cast and wrought-iron work, marine work. heavy forging, boiler and kiln furnaces. About 100 men are given employment. Toledo is well known not only for the manufacture of bulky and unwieldy mechanical devices, such as engines, steel and iron working machinery in general, but hr the manufacture of fine and delicate labor saving inventions as well. The first springless, automatic, computing scale ever produced in Toledo whereby the weight of an article and the money value are both shown on a dial, was invented and built here, in 1898. Although the first ones were crude in design and workmanship, they demonstrated that the principle was correct, and the old methods that have been in use for years; of using steelyards, weights and springs. are rapidly being superseded by the new invention. The credit of this invention is given to Allen DeVilbiss, Jr., a young man just entering his early twenties. He perfected his ideas in a little shop at the corner of Jackson and Thirteenth streets, where he was engaged in making punches, dies, machine tools, and doing nickel plating. Shortly after the invention a company, known as the DeVilbiss Company, was organized to promote the patents. In July, 1901, the Toledo Scale & Cash Register Company purchased the patents and property of the DeVilbiss Company for the sum of $190,000 and the company began the manufacture of the scales with a capital stock of $600.000. About one year later, the company disposed of its cash register interests and devoted its entire attention to the scale business, and the name became the Toledo Computing Scale Company. The first year the company made three different sizes and eleven styles, ranging in price from $35 to $75, and today there are 105 different styles and sizes. ranging from $37.50 to $T65. Less than 5,000 were placed on the market in the four years, from 1898 to 1902. but the number in use at this writing is something over 73,000, and some 250 salesmen are looking after the interest of the future sales in the entire United States. The company has a branch factory in Windsor, Canada, and ships the products of its factory in Toledo to South America. Mexico and Australia. The factory is located at the corner of Monroe and Albion streets, occupying several brick structures, with a total ground space of 50,000 feet, and the company is planning to make extensive improvements in the near future in buildings and an enlarged plant. Over 400 men are given employment in the factory. In 1909. the business 556 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY had an increase of 57.6 per cent. over the preceding year and a conservative estimate gives 4o per cent. in 1910 over 1909. Branch sales offices have been established at forty-nine of the leading cities of the United States, very elaborate ones being at New York and San Francisco. In 1909, the Toledo company granted the right to manufacture the scales in England to the W. T. Avery Company, Ltd., of Birmingham, England, the oldest and largest manufacturers of weighing apparatus in the world. Upon the accession to the throne of King Edward VII, Messrs. W. and T. Avery were appointed weighing machinists to His Majesty. The company employs about 3,000 hands, and their productions range from the finest scientific balance weighing "in vacuo" to the greatest locomotive weighbridge. capable of indicating a load up to 18o tons. The officials of the Toledo company are : Lenox S. Rose, of Newark, N. T.. president ; John B. Rose. of New York. N. Y., vice-president ; F. L. Geddes, of Toledo, secretary ; and Henry Theobald, of Toledo, treasurer and general manager. The board of directors consists of the officers. Rathbun Fuller and Charles L. Reynolds, both of Toledo, and C. E. Young, of Newark, N. T. The Toledo Saw Company, whose salesrooms and factory are located at the corner of Washington and St. Clair streets, was organized as an inc0rporated company in 1907, haying been established in 1869. The plant at its inception was very small and occupied quarters on Erie street, then at the corner of Huron and LaFayette streets, later at the corner of Monroe and Water streets, and removed thence to the present site. The plant today uses the entire space in its three-story building (70x100) and in addition has a one-story annex (75x75). It employs thirty men in the manufacture of circular saws, band saws and machine knives, and is a jobber of mill supplies, being the only concern in its line of business in Toledo. The company contracts for small machinery for saw mill plants and does an extensive business throughout Ohio, Indiana and Michigan. The amount of the capital stock, in 1907, was $25,000. The present officers of the c0mpany are : A. M. Tillinghast, president and general manager ; James Monroe. superintendent, and J. B. Monroe, secretary. The Vulcan Steam Shovel Company manufactures steam shovels for all kinds of use, principally for the moving of earth. The plant is located at 916 Summit street and its product bears the name of being among the best on the market today. This company was oragnized, in 1889, as a stock company and has had a steady and healthy growth. The men who represent the concern today are : Alexander Backus, president and treasurer and one of the founders ; S. A. Hunter, secretary ; E. L. Byron, sales manager ; and J. B. Webber, superintendent; all interested in the industrial life of the city. The finished product goes to all parts of the United States and to some foreign lands. About 175 men are given constant employment, and in addition to the shovel manufacturing plant, the company has established a foundry, well equipped, for the making and repairing of dredge machinery and supplies. One of Toledo's leading manufacturing institutions is that of the INDUSTRIES - 557 Buckeye Paint & Varnish Company. This business had its origin, in 1878, when Peter F. Whalen and Alfred Collins formed a partnership to manufacture varnish and japans in a small building at the corner of Lucas and Fifteenth streets, the firm being styled Collins & Whalen. In 1882, the firm was consolidated with another small concern, known as the Buckeye Paint Works and owned by C. P. Whitwham, and the new organization became the Buckeye Paint & Varnish Company. Four years later, C. P. Whitwham sold his interests to the two former partners, and the business was conducted for a year as a co-partnership, when the death of Mr. Collins left Mr.. Whalen to manage the industry alone. In 1888, Mr. Whalen incorporated the business, with a capitalization of $50,000, under the former name. The company has prospered in the many years since and today has a capital stock of $100,000. When, in the late '70's, Messrs. Collins and Whalen first began the manufacture of their goods, after making a number of gallons, it was necessary for them to hustle out and sell the product, and when the supply was sold, return and manufacture another lot. Today it requires six men, traveling in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Eastern Illinois and Western Pennsylvania, to move the product of the factory and call on the trade. P. F. Whalen, Jr., is one of the six men on the Toad and John J. Whalen looks after the city business. The factory is at the corner of Lucas and Fifteenth streets, across from the original site occupied by the firm, in 1878, it having been moved in 1887. It employs twenty-four men and consists of two buildings, one of three floors, 40x80, and the other of one floor, 22x80. The tank storage capacity of the company is some 150,000 gallons. The company has established branch agencies at St. Paul and Chicago, the product of the company has been furnished to the government in various parts of the 'United States, and recently a shipment went to the Panama Canal. The officers of the company at this writing are : Peter F. Whalen, president ; William F. Malone. vice-president and treasurer ; and C. B. McKnight, secretary. The history of the Ransom & Randolph Company is one of continuous growth and thrift. and it began when J. R. B. Ransom started the institution. in 1871, under his own name, to manufacture dental supplies for a small local trade. Two years later, he was joined by T. F. Randolph, and then the business was conducted under the name of Ransom & Randolph. In 1888, a third partner, C. S. Bigelow, was .given an interest in the company, and no further changes were made, until 1892, when the firm decided to incorporate under the name of The Ransom & Randolph Company, and at which time F. G. Crandell took an interest and became an active member of the business. In December, 1907, the two founders and original partners died, and in the following January their business interests in the company were purchased by the two surviving members,—C. S. Bigelow and F. C. Crandell. In January, 1909, the concern was enlarged by the absorption of the T. 0. Tracy & Company. Grand Rapid;. Mich., and the Cogswell Dental Supply Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, these two concerns now being managed as branches of the Toledo company. The 558 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY business of the company is the manufacturing and selling of dental goods and supplies, and it has quite an extensive trade in the United States and Canada, and exports to foreign countries, particularly England, Australia and New Zealand. The company publishes a magazine, called the Dental Sumary, which has a large circulation and stands high with the profession. The officers of the company are : C. S. Bigelow, president ; T. 0. Tracy, vice-president ; and F. G. Crandell, secretary and treasurer. The concern is located on the fifth and sixth floors of the Manhattan building, Nos. 514-516-518 Jefferson avenue, using the entire floor. The company has an authorized capital stock of $150,000 and is the largest of its kind in the city. The Gasser Coffee Company was incorporated, in 1905, for $100,000, and since then the amount has been increased to $200,000 (1907). The incorporators were I. E. Knisely, John N. Mockett, Milton H. Gasser, Henry W. Basey and Charles A. Peckham. The original officers were : M. H. Gasser, president and general manager ; C. A. Peckham, vice-president and H. W. Basey, secretary and treasurer. The company, in 1905, had the opportunity of securing the former plant of the hours Coffee Company at 113-117 Ontario street, and that has been its factory since. The company has established branch sales offices at Cleveland, Columbus, Detroit, Cincinnati, Kansas City and Dayton, covering the entire Middle West. The present officers are : M. H. Gasser, president and general manager C. A. Peckham, vice-president ; AV. B. Miller, secretary and treasurer. Board of directors : I. E. Knisely, M. H. Gasser, C. A. Peckham, G. E. Myers. F. N. Wilson, J. N. Mockett and W. B. Miller. The concern is widely known for the excellence of its roasted and blended coffees, of only the best high grades, and the teas and spices that it imports for the trade. It occupies about 35,00o square feet of floor space, has twenty-five salesmen out, and is rapidly making the name "Kar-A-Van" well known as a brand on the market. The F. J. Cheney Medicine Company was organized, in 1872, by F. J. Cheney. In its business dealings it covers the entire United States and Canada. Prior to 1872, F. J. Cheney was located at the corner of Summit and Adams streets, where the. Clinton-Close Company building is today, in the drug business. Believing that the manufacture of medicine was a profitable investment, he gave it some attention in a small way for a few years, and in the latter part of the '70's gave it almost his entire time, disposing of his drug business. Today the company occupies part of the ground floor and basement of its large three-story building, on the corner of Adams and Thirteenth streets, which was constructed in 1890. The company manufactures proprietor} medicines, such as Hall's Catarrh Cure, Hall's Family Pills and Cheney's Medicated Cream. The Woolson Spice Company, one of the big business enterprises of Toledo, and a firm that is known the country over as coffee blenders and spice manufacturers, was organized in August, 1882, the incorporators being Pliny Watson, S. B. Wood, J. -B. _Ketcham, John Berdan, George Emerson, A. M. Woolson, P. S. Willis, James INDUSTRIES - 559 Secor and Samuel Stettiner. all men \yell known in Toledo commercial circles. For the first three years the company was located at 115 Monroe street, but, in 1885, the plant was moved to quarters in the Locke Building, at the corner of Superior and Jackson streets. Shortly afterward, the company purchased property on Huron street, corner of Jackson, and at the present time the plant covers an area of 280 feet on Huron street, with a depth of 120 feet. The floor space is about 225,000 square feet, in addition to which the company maintains a large warehouse, near Auburndale, for the storing of raw material. The board of directors of the original organization were A. M. Woolson, Pliny Watson, NV. A. Brigham. J. B. Ketcham. S. B. Wood. John Berdan and Samuel Stettiner. who elected Pliny Watson as president, John Berdan as vice-president, and A. M. -Wilson as secretary and treasurer. In 1885, W. A. Brigham became secretary, and until his retirement from the business, in 1898, he was very active, serving for a number of years as general manager. In 1896, the company was purchased by the American Sugar Refining Company. of New York. This ownership prevailed until Tune 5. 1909, at which time Hermann Sielcken, a noted capitalist and financier of New York became the principal owner. Mr. Sielcken is the active member of the firm of Grossman cC. Sielcken, the largest importers and handlers of green coffee in the United States. In the early clays of the Woolson Spice Company, "Lion" coffee was its principal brand, and in fact represented its entire business. During the first years of the Sugar Trust's ownership quite a war was carried on between the Woolson Spice Company and Arbuckle Brothers, the latter corn-pain's brand being "Ariosa." This fight for supremacy in the roasted coffee business resulted in much litigation, which took place in the local courts. In 1900, the Woolson Spice Company began the development of a general coffee and spice business, giving particular attention to the production and marketing of high grade good's. For the past ten years the company has been remarkably successful, and its "Golden Sun" line of coffees and spices is sold throughout all the territory. extending from the Atlantic seaboard to the Rocky Mountains, and from the Dakotas to Texas. The company at the present time has a corps of about 150 men and maintains distributing depots at Chicago, Minneapolis. Kansas City. St. Louis, Davenport, Memphis, Dallas, Cincinnati. Buffalo, Detroit, etc. Hermann Sielcken became the president in June, 1909, W. A. Brigham being vice-president. S. P. Jermain, treasurer, and J. W. Koehrman, secretary and general manager. With the exception of a period of ten years. NV. A. Brigham has been in the service of the company since 1882. S. P. Jermain has been the. treasurer for over twenty years, and J. W. Koehrman, for an equal length of time, was sales manager, prior to June, 1909. The company not only handles many grades of coffee but also is handling all kinds of spices. It is the intention of the company to dispose of its present factory and purchase ground more convenient for shipping purposes and erect a larger and more modern plant, the business to remain in Toledo. The history of The J. M. Dour Company, with its present, large 560 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY establishment, is of unusual interest to one unacquainted with its line of business. In 1892, J. M. Bour started a small plant on Summit street in handling teas and roasting coffees of the better grades. The success of the venture was assured at the outset, and in a short time larger quarters were secured on Monroe street. which location was soon given up for a third factory, as it was styled, on Ontario street, where the Gasser Company is today. By 1904. the output of the factory had reached such volume that the company was forced to seek still another home, and ground was purchased at the corner of Smith street and Spielbusch avenue, and a large five-story, reinforced, all concrete, fire-pr0of structure was erected, the first of its kind in the city of Toledo, with a floor space of 40,000 square feet to each floor. Coffees and teas are received here from all parts of the world, where they are grown, only the best on the market being used. The company has a force of expert buyers constantly busy in the Eastern, Oriental and Southern countries, selecting the green coffees and various grades of teas for the Toledo factory. The factory employs an average of 150 people, besides the eighty sales representatives traveling throughout the territory, from New York to Denver and from the Canadian line to the Gulf. The plant is one of the largest of its kind in the United States, is fully equipped with electric power machinery, and has the latest sanitary improvements. The equipment is so complete that the company does its own paper-bag and shipping-box manufacturing. So rapid has the business been increased that the company must either make extensive additions to the present structure or build a branch factory in another city to handle its future trade. In fact, the business Of the company shows an increase amounting to more than $1,000,000 since 1905. No cheap grades of teas or coffees are handled, and the company has depended on the merit of its product for success, such brands as “Royal Garden Coffee," "San Marto Coffee" and "Royal Garden Teas" being among the well known ones. Although incorporated only eighteen years ago, in 1892, with a small capital stock, the company has since increased its capital stock to $300,000 and has established branch sales houses at Pittsburg, Cleveland, Cincinnati. Columbus. Milwaukee, Indianapolis, Detroit, Scranton, Louisville, Chicago, Minneapolis. Kansas City, Dayton, Buffalo, and New York. A complete stock is carried in each branch house. Up till Jan. 1, 1910. J. M. Bour was the president of the company, but at that time he retired and the following officers were elected : Albro Blodgett, president and general manager S. W. Beckley, vice-president and assistant manager ; and Wm. G. Beattie, secretary and treasurer. A prime factor in adding to the widespread fame of Toledo as an industrial center is the Ames-Bonner Company, manufacturers of brushes and mirrors. The line is all extensive one, including all grades of toilet brushes (hair. cloth. hat. nail, etc), high grades of mirrors in various woods, toilet sets, and also a large line of household brushes, such as scrub, shoe, stove, polishers. etc. It is not only one of the oldest industrial institutions of Toledo. but it is among the earliest brush factories started in the United States. It dates INDUSTRIES - 561 back to 1845, haying been then established by John Ames, Sr., at Lansingburg, N.• Y., under the name of the Ames Brush Company. All the products of the factory at that time received the initial trade mark, "A. B. C.," a badge of distinction that is maintained today. In 1872, A. L. Sonn, a nephew of the senior John Ames, came to Toledo and united with Lyman J. Robinson in the establishment of Toledo's first brush factory. The start was made in small quarters on Erie street. Alone, and with different partners. Mr. Sonn conducted the business till 1880, when Col. Joseph C. Bonner and John Ames. Tr., came to Toledo and took positions in the factory. In 1882, A. L. Sonn retired, and John Ames, Jr.. Colonel Bonner and J. H. Ainsworth reorganized the business on a larger scale. under the present name. The Ames-Bonner Company. Eight Years later, in 1890. the business having grown to large proportions. those interested decided to incorporate, which was accordingly done. the capital stock being $400,000. The American rights to the French Cane machine were afterward secured. This wonderful machine makes brushes from the tlicl block of wood, in which the bristles are held by anchors of steel. and in the industrial art of manufacture the Ames-Bonner Company thus accomplished a revolution in economics and the betterment in the production of brushes. The primitive processes have now become practically obsolete. The factory and buildings of the company are located on Ottawa street. They are especially adapted to the health and comfort of the large number of employes, though at the present time hardly adequate for the business done. Larger quarters are being projected. This is made imperative by the taking over. on Feb. 1, 1910, of the entire mirror plant of the Kelsey-Herbert Company, of Detroit. Mich. The product of the factory consists of standard brushes and mirrors for the wholesale trade. Upwards of 700 different styles of brushes are made. while the line. of mirrors now includes nearly 350 numbers. This line was originally started on a small .scale in 1908. The "A. B. C." brushes enjoy a high reputation throughout the country, and have been uniformly successful in public competitions with brushes from all over the world. A gold medal. the highest prize, was awarded by the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo. in 1901 ; also the gold medal at the National Export Exposition, at Philadelphia. in 1899, and the Grand Prize at St. Louis. in 1904., during the World's Fair there. Salesmen are constantly calling on the jobbing trade in all parts of the United States, while branch sales offices have been established in New York, Chicago and San Francisco. When the company installed in its new quarters. a large acreage of land having been secured. Toledo will have no better or thriving industry to sustain her past reputation or assist in her future growth than the Ames-Bonner Company. The officers of the company are: President. Joseph C. Bonner; vice-president. Joseph M. Gazzam ; secretary. treasurer and general manager, J. Gazzam Mackenzie. The Toledo Stone & Glass Sand Company was organized and incorporated in 1903. with a capital stock of $100,000. The offices of the company are in the Ohio Building and the plant is located 562 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY at the small town of Silica, some twelve miles west o f Toledo, where two stone quarries and a sand bank are found. The company manufacturers crushed stone for all commercial purposes, such as concrete buildings, railroad ballast, macadamized roads, etc. The sand produced is nearly 98 per cent. pure silica and is shipped to nearly all the glass-manufacturing concerns in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan and West Virginia. The average shipment per year is close to 300,000 tons. The company formerly employed a large force of men, but it recently installed improved types of machinery to do the most of the work. The present 'officials are : James J. Robinson, president and treasurer, and Harvey F. Robinson, secretary and general manager. The Alexander Black Cloak Company was established by Alexander Black, in 1861. The business was on a small scale and devoted mostly to the handling of the products of other concerns until the year 1873, when Mr. Black launched fully into the manufacture of his own line. The business had a rapid growth and, in 1889, S. L. Schoenfield and Henry Streetman were given an interest in the factory, and it was continued under the former name, as a joint partnership affair. In 1905, Mr. Black retired from the active life of the concern, although retaining an interest until his death, in 1906. The company employs over 450 people, and twelve sales representatives are busy throughout the northern, central and middle western States, introducing the goods of the factory. Its manufactures consist of ladies' and misses' cloaks, skirts, suits and children's cloaks. The concern is a member of the National Cloak, Suit and Skirt Manufacturers' Association. Branches of the concern have been established at Chicago and St. Paul. The Toledo factory is located at the corner of Jackson and Superior streets in a four-story building. with an aggregate floor space of 60,000 square feet. The factory is one of the best equipped of its kind in every way, and the motive power is of the latest type of electrical appliances. The top floor is for cutting and designing; the third floor for operating and pressing, the second floor for examining and finishing, and the basement for restaurant purposes, which is a new feature in factory facilities, and the main floor for the sample rooms, offices, and shipping. Toledo stands fourth in the United States in the manufacture of cloaks, suits and skirts, only the cities of New York, Chicago and Cleveland putting out a greater number. One of the largest of the factories making that class of goods is the company composed of A. L. Cohen, L. H. Friedlander and R. Martin, known as Cohen, Friedlander & Martin. This company manufactures women's and misses' cloaks, suits and skirts. The concern was originally started, in 1897, as a partnership affair, in a two-story building at 418 Huron street, and in 1899 three stories were added to the old structure. Three years later, an annex, five stories high and having a width of twenty-five feet, was added. This proved inadequate, by 1906, and a new building was constructed 0n the corner of North Erie and Orange, which is modern in all respects, being sprinkler equipped throughout, a floor space of five floors, each 85x120, with basement, latest machin- INDUSTRIES - 563 ery all electrically operated, modernly lighted, of the most approved sanitary means, and having the two work-rooms with fourteen-foot ceilings. The factory employs nearly 600 people on the two floors and in all, the force numbers over 750. The concern keeps fourteen sales representatives traveling in most of the States. The brand of the company is well known as the "Redfern," and branch sales offices have been established at St. Louis, Chicago and Spokane, Wash. The company took out articles of incorporation, in 1903, with a capital stock of $100,000, and the present officers are : A. S. Cohen, president and treasurer ; and L. S. Ottenheimer, vice-president and secretary. The history of The Hettrick Brothers Company goes back, through three generations, to 1836, when the grandfather of W. E. Hettrick, organizer of the present company, was engaged in the business of sail-making on the Delaware river, in Philadelphia. The family have all shown a tendency to follow this craft, perhaps due to the grandfather having been a sailor part of his life; and his son, E. C. Hettrick, now, at an advanced age, the president of the company, was also a sailor and sail-maker many years ago. E. C. Hettrick filled many orders given by the government during the Civil War, for tents, knapsacks, and canvas accessories for both army and navy. Naturally, his son, W. E. Hettrick, followed the trade and was for many years in the employ of his father ; but, in 1893, he decided to embark for himself in the general manufacturing of canvas goods. His first venture was in a small frame building on Norwood avenue. in Toledo. The business soon outgrew its quarters, though much floor space was added. and, in 1900, the plant was moved to the corner of Monroe and Twenty-first street, the present home of the Buckeye Parlor Furniture Company, in larger and more commodious quarters. From 1893 to 1897, Mr. Hettrick's brother, E. C. Hettrick, was interested in the concern, but his death left W. L. alone again to continue the business. Not long after becoming established at Monroe and Twenty-first streets, additions were made to the buildings, but eventually, after enlarging to three times the extent of the ground space leased, a decision was reached to move to the present site of the factory, at the corner of Fernwood and Hoag streets, where a factory was built. Mr. Hettrick owned the first frame building that he used in 1893, leased the second, in 1900. and now owns the third and present one. At the time of the rem0val to the Monroe street factory, the name of Hettrick Brothers Company was chosen and the company was incorporated, with a capital stock of $30,000, Aug. 8, 1900. The father, E. C. Hettrick, was elected president, and W. E. Hettrick was chosen secretary, treasurer and general manager. Today the company has three buildings—one three-story, 100x1600. for factory purposes, another two- story, 100x120, for warehouse, and a third building, two-stories. 80x130. for a belt factory. This company is one of few of its kind in the United States that manufactures so extensive a line of canvas goods, such as awnings. tents, transmission belts, hammocks, machine covers. tarpaulins, coal and grain sacking and flags. The company 564 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY fills many large orders for the government for army and navy supplies, and its goods reach all parts of the world, the larger part being used in the United States. Much of the southern trade and the foreign orders are handled by the New York branch sales office, at 56 Worth street. Nearly 250 people are employed and twenty-five sales representatives look after the business abroad. Most of the raw material comes from the cotton mills in the South and the Southwest. All grades of cotton are used and canvases and belts of unusual size are manufactured. Mr. Hettrick is at present perfecting an automobile tire of cotton fiber of many plies, which may eventually replace the high priced rubber product on the market today. The Hardy Paint & Varnish Company is one of the leading concerns of its kind in Toledo. This company was organized. in 1907, with a capital stock of $75,000, and purchased and took over the plant of the old Toledo White Lead Company, which began business in Toledo, in 1893. The plant of the company is located at the corner of Oakwood avenue and Hoag street, on the Michigan Central Railroad. The company manufactures two leading brands of ready mixed house paints, also wall, carriage, automobile, and marine paints. Much attention is being given to the manufacture of paints suitable to the use of the railroad companies. The annual sales of the company aggregate over $100,000 and the business is being patronized in Toledo and the immediate vicinity 0n an extensive scale, the company gaining business that had formerly gone to Chicago, Detroit and other cities. Of the officers of the company, George E. Hardy is president and treasurer, and D. W. Anderson, who came to Toledo, in 1904, from the Detroit White Lead Works, is the vice-president and general superintendent. H. V. Deming, manager of the railroad paint department, and Mr. Anderson are well versed in the knowledge of paint manufacture. having each had several years' experience. The members of the company are well known members of the Chamber of Commerce and the Toledo Business Men's Club. The history of the Edward Ford Plate Glass Company may be carried back to several years prior to 1873. when John Ford, who is said to be the father of the plate glass industry, became interested in glass manufacturing and founded the Star Glass Company, at New Albany, Ind. The son. Edward Ford. was for several years engaged in the Star Glass Company's manufacturing concern and secured a thorough knowledge of the business. In 1873, he went to Columbus, Ohio, where he established the Columbus Window Glass Company, remaining there till 1876. He then went to Jeffersonville. Ind., and engaged in the plate glass industry, exclusively, erecting there a plant for the Jeffersonville Plate Glass Company. In 1884. he built the plate glass plant of the Pittsburg Plate Glass Company at Creighton, Pa., which was first known as the New York Plate Glass Company. After continuing with this company for thirteen years, as president and manager, Mr. Ford sold his interest and went to Wyandotte, Mich., where he became connected with the alkali works owned by his father, and of which he is now the president. In the Year 1898, he came to Toledo—attracted by the growth INDUSTRIES - 565 of the city and the fuel and shipping facilities offered—and purchased 100 acres of land, part of which is now the site of the village of Rossford just south of the city limits. The plant was constructed in the fall and spring of '98 and '99, and it began immediately to manufacture immense quantities of the best quality of plate glass. In all, the company has about fifteen acres of buildings on about thirty-five acres of land. The capacity of the plant is 6,000,000 square feet of glass per year, which has an estimated value of $2,500.000. The factory is operated both night and day to keep up with the orders received and the product goes to all parts of the United States only. Something like 70o workmen are employed in the factory and the most of them have home's in the village of Rossford that sprang up with this concern. The company was incorporated in 1899 with a capital stock of $2,000,000. The officers at this writing are: Edward Ford, president: J. B. Ford, first vice-president George R. Ford. second vice-president and treasurer G. W. Demaid, secretary and general sales agent, and C. L. Lewis. general manager. For a period of over twenty years the Libbey Glass Company has been steadily furnishing the world with cut glass of all kinds, and no concern in Toledo has added more to the fame or industrial growth of the city. The history of this industry may be traced back to the year 1850, when William Libbey—the father of Edward D. Libbey, of Toledo—became a clerk in the firm of Jarvis & Commeraiss, glass importers and manufacturers, of South Boston, Mass. Deming Jarvis, of this firm, was the pioneer in glass manufacturing in the New England States. The senior Libbey, in 1853, purchased the factory and, after conducting it for ten years, gave his entire time and attention to it. In 1870. he sold this factory and entered the factory of the New England Glass Company, of East Cambridge. Mass., as the general manager, a position he held until 1880. when he bought the business and gave Edward D., his son, an interest. Edward D. Libbey gave much of his attention to all parts of the business. and after the death of his father, in 1883. became the sole proprietor. In 1888, he selected Toledo as an excellent place to relocate his factory, owing to the commercial advantages the city possessed. and the further fact of its being convenient to the natural gas belt, and in that year he organized the Libbey Glass Company. under the laws of the State of Ohio, with a capital stock of $125,000. and moved the factory. Under normal conditions, the factory, which is located on Ash street and the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad, employs 1,800 men the factory is devoted to the production of all grades of cut glass. lantern globes. and lenses. and in addition manufactures bulbs for incandescent lights, for a local company only. The company has shown its enterprise in the past by erecting a $100.000 building in 1893, at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago. for the purpose of showing the public the art of cutting glass. The company also went to much expense at St. Louis, in 1904, to make a similar demonstration, showing the people how the Libbey Glass Company is supplying the homes in all lands with the beautiful and useful articles of cut glass. 366 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY The Owens Bottle Machine Company is the outgrowth of an invention by Michael J. Owens, perfected while he was in the employ of the Toledo Glass Company, in the late '90's. Prior t0 1903, Mr. Owens spent some four years experimenting on a machine that would blow bottles and do away with the old process of blowing them by hand, and in that year he was so successful that the Owens Bottle Machine Company was organized with a capital stock of $3,000,000, t0 manufacture the machines for bottle manufacture in the United States only. During the four years prior to 1903, Mr. Owens was aided by a competent crew of mold makers and mechanics and had the financial support of E. D. Libbey and several other experienced Toledo glass men, who together willingly made an expenditure of over $150,000 to bring the invention to a success. The Toledo Glass Company as a whole may take the credit of the invention being a success, as they installed Mr. Owens' first machines, which today are being used by the MacBeth-Evans Glass Company, in Toledo, for the manufacture of tumblers and chimneys. Later, the invention proved so successful that the Toledo Glass Company sold the rights to manufacture the machines in Canada and Mexico to companies in these two countries. Still later, the Toledo Glass Company sold the same rights to a German syndicate. for 12,000,000 marks, for European countries. The 0utput of the machines in use in Europe today exceeds 1,400,000,000 bottles per year. Today over sixty-four Owens machines are in use in the United States, Canada and Mexico, principally as follows : Twenty-seven at Newark, Ohio ; twelve at Streator, Ill. ; four at Kane, Pa. ; three at the Toledo plant of the Northwestern Ohio Bottle Company, and the balance are scattered in all three countries. At the present time over twenty additional machines are being installed in Cincinnati and other cities. The Kent Machine Company in Toledo is an auxiliary concern that manufactures the Owens machines for the Owens Bottle Machine Company. The capacity of an Owens machine is 225 gross in a day of twenty-four hours. The Owens Bottle Machine Company has control of the Northwestern Ohio Bottle C0mpany, in West Toledo, and the Hazel Atlas Glass Company, of Wheeling. W. Va., both manufacturers of bottles. The officers of the Owens Bottle Machine Company for 1910 are : Ed D. Libbey, president ; Clarence Brown, vice-president W. S. Walbridge, secretary and treasurer ; M. J. Owens, manager ; F. L. Geddes, assistant secretary ; and W. H. Boshart. assistant treasurer. The offices are located in the Nicholas Building, in Toledo. Upon the main building of the factory of the Milburn Wagon Company's works may be seen the date, "1848," significant of the time when this wagon industry was in its infancy. But the history of the first factory and its founders is little known, as the plant was located at a small town in Indiana—Mishawaka, to be exact—and Toledo only knew of the company, as its product was introduced in and about the city. It is known, however, that Ge0rge and John Milburn were engaged in the wagon manufacturing business at Mishawaka for several years prior to 1873, when, seeking a larger field and better facilities than that village offered, they made the city of Toledo an offer to INDUSTRIES - 567 move the plant here. The citizens immediately set about to raise the necessary funds and were so successful that $300,000 was soon subscribed and the plant was assured. The committee for subscriptions was composed of W. J. Wells, F. J. King and C. P. Griffith. A company was organized, June 14, 1873, consisting of George Milburn, John Milburn, George R. Hudson, J. H. Whitaker, W. W. Griffith, A. L. Kelsey and William Baker, all of whom were directors. The original officers of the company were : George Milburn, president ; J. H. Whitaker, vice-president ; G. R. Hudson, secretary and treasurer. On June 24, of the same year, a site consisting of thirty-two acres, on Monroe street and the Detroit branch of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad, was secured by gift and at an additional purchase price of $30,000. The company began building operations on Sept. 9, 1873, and the work was carried on rather slowly till the spring of 1875, when the factory was ready to commence work. The company had just got nicely started by the following year. when, Sept. 29, 1876, a big fire caused a loss of $168,000, covered by $84,000 insurance. One year later, in December, another fire destroyed half the same building. But it seems that the new company was to experience all its adversity in its early days, as no other great losses have been sustained and the plant has grown, year by year, each adding something to the factory in buildings or output, till today the Milburn Wagon Company is one of the most prominent in its line of business in the world, and its goods are sold all over the United States and in many foreign countries. Up to the year 1877, the company manufactured only wagons for farm use, but in that year buggies and spring wagons were added. The output, from being of a limited number each year, has steadily grown; so that today some 30,000 vehicles are made and sold to the trade. The line consists of farm wagons and carts, log-trucks, heavy city teaming gears, dump wagons, delivery wagons, drays of all kinds, and automobile bodies. The company maintains large branch houses at Albany, N. Y. ; Nashville, Tenn.; Memphis, Tenn.; Batavia, N. V., and Harrisburg, Pa., and in addition operates a large saw mill in Arkansas, where the lumber is cut for the factory. The capitalization is $700,000, and the officers conducting the business at present are : F. D. Suydam. president ; T. W. Childs, vice-president ; H. \V. Suydam, secretary, and Frank Hafer, treasurer. The average number of men employed may range from 550 to 600. Gustav Lay came from Germany to Toledo in the early '80's and entered the employ of B. Weber, who was then conducting a bakery. Like all thrifty citizens of his nationality, Mr. Lay saved his money, eventually purchased his former employer's interests and branched out into a wholesale as well as retail trade. After many years of success, in connection with Louis Willinger, a baker of the East Side, Mr. Lay conceived the idea of forming a company which would include several independent firms, and, as a result of his efforts, the United Baking Company was organized, in 1903, with a capital stock of $50,000, which was mostly used in launching the new venture. The plant of the company is located at 213 to 229 Vance street and consists of a large 568 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY two-story brick structure, 200X100 feet, sufficient room being had for offices and bakery, etc. In this building was installed one of. the largest ovens in the United States. It weighs 180 tons, and is twenty feet wide, ten feet high and eighteen and one-half feet deep, the baking chamber being 15x17 feet, capable of turning out boo loaves of bread every forty-five minutes. The company makes several brands of bread and cakes, the leading white breads being "Tip Top," "Butternut" and "Twin," and of rye, "Prince Henry." Some twenty-five wagons are used in the city business, and orders are filled daily within a radius of 100 miles of Toledo. The men connected officially with the company are : Gustav Lay, president and manager ; Fred Hiss. vice-president ; Wade D. Holland, secretary, and Louis Willinger, treasurer. Another box manufacturing concern, of a different nature from others spoken of in this work, is the paper-box factory of Gilbert L. Smith. Mr. Smith is the principal stockholder of the small company, having come to Toledo from New York a few years ago. It not only manufactures but designs its own patterns, of plain, fine and fancy boxes, of all shapes and sizes, to meet the special purpose for which they are intended. Several skilled workmen are employed, and the product is sold locally as well as within a radius of 100 miles of the city. The company was incorporated, in 1909, with a capital stock of $15,000, the officers being G. L. Smith, president and treasurer, and R. Smith, secretary. The factory was originally at 120-122-124 Michigan street, but, needing larger quarters, it was removed to 1312-1314 Dorr street, adjoining the factory of the DeVilbiss Company. Prior to coming to Toledo, Mr. Smith was, for thirty years, connected with a box factory in New York City. Charles B. Darling came to Toledo, in 1881, and in connection with George Darling, a brother, and Clarence Close, started in the, jobbing and manufacturing of candy on Monroe street. In 1884, C. B. Darling took the management of the retail business, buying out the interests of the other two men, and he located at 243 Summit street, where he continued till 1899, at which time he sold his Summit store and retained a small branch store on Adams street. In 1902 he organized the Darling Candy Company, with quarters on Jackson avenue, between Summit and St. Clair streets. After spending six months at that location. the business was removed to Erie street, between Monroe and Jefferson avenue. In 1906, fire destroyed the plant and, the following year, the company moved into the building on Ontario street, Nos. 20-22-24, where the business is conducted today. Until 1907, the company manufactured chocolate chips only, but in that year it added a general line of candies. In 1908, Mr. Darling sold his interest to the present incorporated company and retired from active business life. The name of the company remained the same and has a capital stock of $30,000. The officers of the company are : D. Charles Hart, president James F. Newcomer, vice-president ; Anthony C. Bay. secretary ; and Henry Dieckman, treasurer. Five men are out in the interests of the company, traveling from St. Paul, Minn.. to Tennessee, and all territory east of that to New York State, inclusive. The company makes a gen- INDUSTRIES - 569 eral line of candies. their specialties being "Darling's Chocolate Chips" and "Air Ships." The Toledo Biscuit Company was organized. in 1903, with a capital stock of $150.000, by W. E. Bettridge, F. H. Geer and Nellie Lawler. The company manufactures biscuits, crackers and cakes. employs 175 people, and twelve men are traveling in the interests of the company in various parts of the United States, ranging from Duluth, Minn., to Tampa, Fla.,—in fact all territory east of the Mississippi river to the coast. The company has a modern factory of four floors, 110x110 feet, located at the corner of George and Locust streets, with convenient railroad shipping facilities. The present officers are W. E. Bettridge, president and general manager ; M. J. Flanagan, vice-president ; F. H. Geer. treasurer ; and Nellie Lawler, secretary. The Smith-Kirk Candy Company was established, in 1902, as an incorporated company, with a capital stock of $30,000, by Jerome H. Smith. The company was organized to do a wholesale candy business, with quarters at 138 Superior street, with the following officers : Jerome H. Smith. president : George Oswold, vice-president ; Oscar Siegfried. secretary and treasurer ; all of whom are connected with the company today, except Mr. Siegfried, he having been succeeded by W. W. Dumm. as secretary and treasurer. In April. 1906, the company required larger quarters and moved to 42-48 Superior street, which is the present location. The factory is \yell equipped in every way for the manufacturing of high grade chocolates and pure sugar candies. The firm now employs about 250 people. and fourteen salesmen are looking after the business within a radius of 150 miles of the city. The Central Ohio Paper Company began business, in 1872, in the manufacture of paper products, at Columbus, Ohio. The business had a very rapid growth and, in 1887, was incorporated under the laws of the State of Ohio. The present capital stock of the company is 8500.000. Branch offices have been established at New York, Cleveland. Pittsburg and also in Toledo. The company turns out all grades of paper used in writing and covers, in its trade dealings, most of the Northern States east of the Mississippi river. The officers of the company are : O. A. Miller, president ; F. E. Miller. vice-president : A. M. Miller, second vice-president ; K. D. Wood. secretary ; and E. K. Morris, assistant treasurer. George W. Beatty has charge of the Toledo branch, with offices in the Nicholas Building. He is assisted by Carroll E. Beatty, traveling salesman, and Karl S. Moening, Toledo salesman. The company has in its employ about 200 men and does an extensive business. The DeVilbiss Manufacturing Company had its origin, in 1888, when Dr. Allen DeVilbiss, the first nose and throat specialist in Toledo, began making atomizers for his own personal use. The great success which attended his efforts soon became known and he received mans-volunteer orders. which soon grew to such proportions that it became necessary to embark in the manufacturing business on a larger scale. In 1900, a partnership was formed between Dr. Allen DeVilbiss and Thomas DeVilbiss, with quarters at 1220 Jackson avenue, where the 570 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY concern remained till 1909. In the latter year, owing to the increase of business, new quarters were secured at 1304-10 Dorr street, where a two-story building, with 40,000 feet of floor space, is entirely devoted to the manufacture of surgical instruments and all varieties of atomizers, for the use of physicians and surgeons. One hundred and fifty people are employed in the factory. In June, 1905, an incorporated company, under the name of the DeVilbiss Manufacturing Company, was formed, with a capital stock of $25,000, and with Dr. Allen DeVilbiss as president, Frank L. Gutchess as secretary and treasurer, and Thomas A. DeVilbiss as general manager, which arrangement prevails today. The company ranks among the foremost of its kind in the world, distributing its products in all parts of the United States and many foreign countries. The Globe Boiler Works Company began business in the city of Toledo, in 1905, as a partnership affair, consisting of R. W. Krenz, J. G.. Coleman and H. Wildman. The company has been well known since its organization as a manufacturer of all kinds of boilers, oil tanks, stills, condensers, heaters, ore and coal buckets, sheet iron and structural iron work, and also as an expert on marine and repair work in its line. Until 1909, the concern was located adjacent to the Duncan Forge Company on the corner of Jackson and Water streets, with dock frontage on the river, but, owing to a change in the control of the company and larger quarters being necessary, in that year the works were transferred across Water street to the opposite side, where the plant is today, in what was formerly the shops of the Ornamental Metals Company. In 1910, the company was reorganized and incorporated, under the original name. The business of the company covers a wide scope of territory, orders being taken and filled in all parts of the United States. An average of thirty men are employed the year round in the shops and in various parts of the country, installing the products and doing expert work. The Duncan Forge Company. of Toledo, a recently incorporated concern, owes the greater part of its success and existence to the energy of its founder, Francis A. Duncan, for several years the sole owner and proprietor. In 1905, Mr. Duncan embarked in the business which now bears his name, in quarters at the lower end of Summit street, remaining there for the short space of four months. Having the opportunity to get better quarters and greater facilities on the river front, he removed the plant to its present location, at the foot of Jackson street, adjoining the old location of the Globe Boiler Wort: s. on Water street. The business continued to grow and. met with such success that, in the early part of 1910, an incorporated company was formed with a capital stock of $50.000. The men interested in this venture as officers are : Francis A. Duncan, president: Aaron Chesbrough, vice-president Frank H. Geer, secretary and treasurer. The above men, together with Leonard Bauroth and A. B. Hughes—the last mentioned being a Gibsonburg man—constitutes the Board of directors, all of whom are well known in the industrial life of Toledo. The plant, during its few years of manufacturing and business, used score 14.000 square feet of floor space, INDUSTRIES - 571 and was limited to twelve men in its working force, but, owing to the increase in its output, in 1907 ventured to take over the plant and buildings of the Globe Machine Works, adjoining, and, in 1909, secured the buildings occupied by the Globe Boiler Works ; thus, in two years or a little over, gaining much additional space an machinery, It has a frontage on Water street of 226 feet, the same on the river front, with that amount of dockage, and uses much of the ground between Lynn street and Jackson avenue. The plant has a depth of 118 feet and employs an average of thirty men daily. The concern has, for its short period of existence, become well known for its manufacturing of steel forgings, such as tools, dies, auto parts and structural iron work. In addition, the plant is equipped for work on heavy steam shovels, heavy forgings, oil tools, rough turning, ship smithing and general machines. The business of the company extends to Iowa and Missouri on the west, to the Ohio river on the south, to Pittsburg on the east, and north to the Canadian line, including Michigan. Toledo has a few concerns that are unique in that there are but a small number of the kind in existence, one of these being the L. Beckmann Company, This concern began business, in 1874, under the guidance of Louis Beckmann, with quarters on St, Clair street, Mr. Beckmann began in a small way to manufacture surveyors' and civil engineers' instruments, having learned the business and become thoroughly familiar with it at Berlin and Paris, in Europe. He continued to conduct and oversee the business, at his quarters on St. Clair street, for several years, making two changes in his location, the third one being in 1885, when he secured the room at No. 319 Adams street, where he has been located for the past twenty-five years. His factory occupies the third floor above, and in addition he uses the third moors over Nos. 317, 321 and 323—four floors in width in all. The store, on the main floor at No. 319, in addition to displaying the products of the factory, conducts a retail business in optical supplies and drawing materials, and is also used for office purposes. Some sixteen people are employed in the factory, several of them being experts in the making of scientific instruments. The manufacturing department deals mostly with the wholesale trade, ranging, in scope of territory coyered, to all parts of the 'United States, some portions of Canada. and to various parts of the Old World. The business was corporated in 1903, with a capital stock $10,000. The officers are : Louis Beckmann, president and treasurer; Louis Beckmann, Jr., yice-president : and Theodore Beckmann, secretary, the second mentioned being a son and the last mentioned a brother of the founder and president. Louis Beckmann, Jr., grew up with the father's business and at the present time he is active in the conduct of the business, giving it his entire time, while his father exercises a general supervision oyer all, spending much of his time outside and enjoying a well-earned respite from the details of his lifelong vocation. The concern has a membership in the Chamber of Commerce and The American Optical Association. The William Bolles Company, manufacturers of fountain pens, 572 - MEMOIRS OF LUCAS COUNTY was established, in 1903, by William Bolles, who prior to that time. had given the idea much thought and attention. He eventually invented and promoted a self-filling, non-leakable fountain pen, whose excellent qualities are self-evident, and which at once found a ready sale. In 1906, the company was incorporated, and the business has had a steady growth since that time. The factory was originally located in the Snowflake Building. but, early in 1910, it was removed to No. 238 Erie street. Several expert pen-makers are employed in the making and finishing of these pens, which reach all parts of the United States and portions of other countries. The confectionery business of John Hoffmann. in the city of Toledo, materialized Aug. 12, 1887. at which time Mr. Hoffmann purchased the interests of William Boos, who was the proprietor of a confectionery establishment at No. 423 Adams street. Mr. Hoffmann had entered this concern in the spring of the same year to take charge of the candy-making department. He had spent several years prior to that time in the shop of his father, in the same line of business. in Switzerland, had traveled in France, Italy and Spain, in the same business, besides being employed for some time in various shops in Toledo and Chicago. The business grew successfully and, in 1892. he enlarged his place on Adams street to include two rooms. Nos. 423-425, with entrances on both Adams and Superior streets. and in other was has since made the place attractive and inviting. It is considered the largest of its kind in the city of Toledo. "Hoffmann's" factory or candy-making shop is located on the second floor. at No. 428 Superior street, where several expert candy-makers are employed. together with the retail business numbering over twenty-five people. Many varieties of fine hand-made candies are manufactured, and outside the retail business orders are filled in various parts of the country. as well as some mailed to foreign lands. In addition to the candy feature, Mr. Hoffmann has recently added a line of baked goods, such as cakes and pastries. He holds a silver medal, the first prize, won at New York City, in a contest with many others for making a certain kind of candy, the recipe being furnished by the parties offering the prize. Mr. Hoffmann is a member of the Chamber of Commerce in the city of Toledo and has an office at No. 428 Superior street. East Toledo has many advantages, in the way of an uncongested river front and rail facilities, for manufacturing sites that the main part of the city on the west river bank will not permit, owing to its crowded factory conditions of many years existence. Hence, the opportunity for concerns of more recent origin on the east shore, in closer proximity to the business district. One of these, the Marine Boiler Works C0mpany, was established and incorporated, in 1902, with a capital stock of $100,000, which was increased, in 1904, to $125.000. This plant was the successor to the R. Reeves & Company, a co-partner-ship firm. organized in 1890, the members of the company being Richard Reeves and C0nrad 'Georg. The above men located their plant at No. 1009 Water street and engaged in the manufacture of marine boilers and boiler repairs. In 1902, the present company took over the plant of the f0rmer organization and relocated it at the foot of INDUSTRIES - 573 York street, on Front street. in East Toledo. The company purchased the ground, 200 feet on Front street. by 700 feet deep, and erected a suitable building. installing the machinery of the former plant and a large amount of new and modern apparatus. still further enlargement being made in 1904. at the time of the increase in capitalization. The building used has a dimension of 100X230 feet, much of the work being done in the surrounding yards. In 1906. \Ir. Reeves, who had retained an interest in the new company. sold his stock and withdrew. \Ir. Georg still being a member of the company. The company manufactures boilers. from small size to those weighing upwards of sixty tons. Recently it has devoted some attention to stationary boilers. The material is obtained at Pittsburg. Brooklyn. Coatesville and other places. An average of seventy-five men are employed. The promoters in 1902 were John Weber, Daniel C. Shaw and other prominent men of Toledo, including the two original partners of 1890. The officers are : John Weber, president : Daniel C. Shaw. vice-president ; and Elmer E. Herman, secretary and treasurer, the last named being a party to the organization of 1902. The business field covered by the company is unlimited—vessels on the Great Lakes. the tributary rivers, the Atlantic Ocean and other bodies of water, floating ships and smaller craft—all carry the boilers of this company. In addition to manufacturing boilers o f all types, the company also makes pulp digestors, globe and cylindrical rotaries, water jackets, oil stills, agitators and condensors, steel convertors. stacks, tank and riveted pipe. The shipping facilities are excellent, being on the Wheeling- and Terminal railroads. special cars. built for the company, being used in many cases to carry the finished product. The offices of this concern are located at the plant at No. 2339 Front street. a branch office being maintained in the Marquette Building. in Chicago. The Shaw-Kendall Engineering Company, a mill supply house. was organized in 1896. being incorporated with a capital stock of $50,000. The promoters were Daniel C. Shaw. Cornelius Kendall, William Hardee. Joseph L. Wolcott and William L. Brown. The personnel of the company has changed in the intervening years : Mr. Wolcott and Mr. Kendall dying in 1900 and 1909. respectively. Mr. Hardee selling his stock in 1907. and William M. Bellman and Charles H. Carroll taking stock. respectively, in 1901 and 1907. The company was originally located at the corner of St. Clair and Washington streets. in the building now occupied by the Toledo Saw Works. In 1906. needing larger quarters. it constructed the present building, with two floors. each 100x.25.8 feet. at the foot of Superior street, extending from Superior to Huron. with an entrance on both streets. The offices are at the Superior street entrance, the street numbers of the building being 120-130, inclusive. The building is situated on the bank of Swan creek and is flanked by an extensive dock. Two large pipe sheds are used. one 25x250 feet and the other 50x183 feet. the former, on the south side of Swan creek, extending from Superior to Huron, and the latter. on Huron street. adjoining the creek. A line of supplies is carried for steam ,power plants. such as pipes. valves, fittings, etc. The company 574 - MEMOIRS OP LUCAS COUNTY makes flanged fittings, bends pipe and "work to sketch." Pipe from a small size to 30-inch can be handled and bent to any design desired. The supply of pipe material is obtained from Pittsburg, Pa., and the castings used are obtained from the Toledo plants in that line. The majority of the business is done locally, in Ohio, Indiana and Michigan, but individual shipments are made t0 various parts of the United States. The present official personnel of the company is : Daniel C. Shaw, president ; William M. Bellman, vice-president ; Charles H. Carroll, treasurer ; and William L. Brown, secretary. The above company was a successor to a company known as the Shaw & Kendall Company. organized, in 1871, by Daniel C. Shaw and Cornelius Kendall. The company began its business by handling mill supplies and manufacturing steam fittings, steam heating pipe, etc. Later, the same concern developed into the manufacturing of brass work. This concern was located from 1871 to 1896, at the corner of Washington and St. Clair streets, on the present site of the National Supply Company. In 1896. its successor, the -present Shaw-Kendall Company, built the building now used by the Toledo Saw Works and took possession. The Seyfang Baking Company, recently incorporated, is the outgrowth of a business of many years standing. Two men—Matthias Seyfang and George S. Scheuerman—combined their capital and effort. in 1873, in the manufacture of bread. crackers and cakes, under the firm name of Seyfang & Scheuerman. at 17-19 Superior street. That co-partnership arrangement continued. until 1890, when Mr. Scheuerman disposed of his interest to Matthew Seyfang, cousin to Matthias, and the style of the firm became M. Seyfang & Company, still on a partnership basis. One year later. Frederick Seyfang purchased the interest of Matthias Seyfang, and the name of the firm remained unchanged. During the various changes in the personnel of the concern. it remained at its original location, but, in 1900, seeking larger quarter: and more favorable shipping facilities, the firm erected its present plant and took possession in July of that year. The buildings are in the form of an L, the offices, storage wareroom and shipping department fronting on Lafayette street, Nos. 10 and 12, and the baking department fronting on Ontario street, the corner thus formed being the home of the S. W. Flower seed concern. A spur of the Toledo. St. Louis & Western Railroad is convenient for shipping. The floor space of the bakery is three stories, 60x120, and basement. The storage ware-rooms. offices and shipping department consist of two buildings—one of three floors, 60x130, and basement. and the other 0f one floor, 60x130. No further changes were made in the personnel of the concern until April 1, 1910, when articles of incorporation were secured, under the name of the Sey fang Baking Company, with a capital stock of $100,000, the officers chosen being Matthew Seyfang as president and treasurer, and Frederick Seyfang as vice-president. There are seven large ovens in use in the plant, with a baking capacity of 30,000 loaves of bread daily. Several salesmen are representing the concern in the three states of Ohio, Indiana and Michigan, and over seventy-five people are employed in the various departments. The plant, in