TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 175 sergeants. Louis M. Miller was second lieutenant of Company D. Joseph Whidden, Charles Broshorder, James Mulaskey and Alfred D. Turk were sergeants in Company E. The commissioned officers of Company F were : E. D. Mason, captain ; Joshua B. Larimer, first lieutenant ; Marquis E. Woodford, second lieutenant. Deaths, resignations and promotions caused changes in officers, but the above were the ones at the time the companies were mustered in. The regiment left Columbus on January 19, .1862, for West Virginia, where it was assigned to the command of General Lander. In March it was attached to General Shields' division, and during the next few weeks was in several engagements with the Confederate cavalry. In June, 1862, the Sixty-seventh was one of the regiments sent to reinforce Gen. George B. McClellan in his campaign against Richmond and served, under that commander until. the Union troops were withdrawn from Virginia. It was then ordered to Hilton Head, reaching there in February, 1863, and took part in the operations against Charleston, South Carolina, particularly in the assault on Fort Wagner, where it sustained a heavy loss. Late in the year 1863 many of the men reenlisted and received their veteran furlough. Those from Lucas County arrived at Toledo on February 20, 1864, and were given an enthusiastic welcome, Morrison R. Waite acting as spokesman for the citizens. Dinner was served at the Oliver House for the returning soldiers. On March 24, 1864, the furlough having expired, the veteran Sixty-seventh joined Gen. B. F. Butler at Bermuda Hundred, Virginia. From that time until the close of the war it served with the Army of the Potomac, taking part in the siege of Petersburg and the fall of Richmond. It then garrisoned the South Anna District, Virginia, until December 7, 1865, when it was mustered out, with but two of its original officers left. These were Alvin C. Voris, of Toledo, who was mustered in as lieutenant-colonel, promoted to colonel in August, 1862, and brevetted brigadier-general, and Maj. Thomas J. Platt. John R. Bond, of Toledo, who was mustered in as major, was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and on August 8, 1862, was mustered out to become colonel of the One Hundred and Eleventh Ohio. EIGHTY-FOURTH INFANTRY Two companies of this regiment were raised in Lucas County. The regiment was organized under a call from Governor Tod on May 26, 1862, and the first company to respond was the Toledo Light Guards, which became Company A. Of this company Richard Waite was captain ; John B. Lownsbury, first lieutenant ; Hamilton B. Colton, second lieutenant. The other Lucas County company was designated Company K, and was officered as follows : Uriah Gregory, captain ; Edmund Paine, first lieutenant ; William H. H. Miller, second lieutenant. These companies left Toledo on June 5, 1862, for Camp Chase, Columbus, where the regiment was mustered in on the 7th for a term of three months. On the 11th it left for Cumberland, Maryland, where it served by detachments in breaking up bands of guerrillas and capturing Confederate mails. It was mustered out at Camp Delaware, Ohio, September 20, 1862, having served about three weeks over its term of enlistment. 176 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY ONE HUNDREDTH INFANTRY This was a Northwestern Ohio regiment, organized at Toledo and mustered in there on September 1, 1862, to serve for three years "or during the war." When mustered in, John C. Groom was colonel ; Patrick S. Slevin, lieutenant-colonel ; Edwin L. Hayes, major. Colonel Groom resigned in May, 1863, and Lieutenant-Colonel Slevin was promoted to the vacancy. He was honorably discharged on November 30, 1864, when Major Hayes became colonel and commanded the regiment until it was mustered out on June 20, 1865. Company E and the greater part of Company F came from Lucas County. Dennis C. Lehan, who had served as first lieutenant of Company I, Fourteenth Infantry, during the three months' service, was captain of Company E ; Noe Nelson, first lieutenant ; Israel K. Kramer, second lieutenant. Norman Waite was mustered in as first lieutenant of Company F. After his promotion to adjutant, John W. Jaquett became first lieutenant. On September 8, 1862, the regiment left Toledo and moved to Cincinnati, which was then thought to be in danger on account of the raid of General Bragg into Kentucky. Then, as part of the Second Brigade, Third Division, Army of Kentucky, it pursued the retreating Confederates as far as Lexington, where it remained in camp until the spring of 1863. During the summer it was frequently engaged with the enemy's cavalry raiders. It then joined General Burnside for the march to Knoxville, Tennessee, where part of the regiment was on provost duty until the spring of 1864. In May, 1864, it joined General Sherman's army for the advance upon Atlanta and took part in all the principal engagements of that campaign. After the fall of Atlanta, as part of the Twenty-third Corps, the One Hundredth Ohio took part in the pursuit of General Hood and was actively engaged at Franklin and Nashville, Tennessee. It was then ordered to Wilmington, North Carolina, and was with General Sherman's victorious army at the surrender of General Johnston. Some interesting history is connected with the battleflag of this regiment. On April 2, 1864, the Toledo newspapers published the following letter from Lieut. Norman Waite. "September 8, 1863, 300 of the regiment met 1,200 of the enemy and fought them from 9 to 11 :30 A. M., and repulsed them ; then fell back six miles and from 1 :30 till 5 P. M. fought 2,100 Rebels with four cannon, our boys having no artillery —holding them until their last cartridge was fired, and then retiring into log stockades, which the enemy soon knocked down over their heads, and surrendered only when overpowered by seven to one. We have lost one flag and have one-half of the other, filled with bullet holes, the balance having been shot away by a shell from the enemy's guns. Will not the citizens of Lucas County see that this regiment—true to its country—true to its state and an honor to this district—is furnished with a new stand of colors ?" The appeal was not made in vain. Within three days after the publication of the letter, a sum of money sufficient to purchase a stand of colors was on its way to Lieutenant Waite. The flag thus provided by the citizens of the city and county was returned to the Toledo Board of Trade by Capt. J. B. Blinn, accompanied by the following letter : TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 179 "Wilmington, N. C., March 4, 1865. "Sir :—In behalf of the officers and men of this regiment, I have the honor to present to you this tattered banner, with the request that it may be preserved by the Toledo Board of Trade, in memory of the brave men who have gallantly carried and defended it in the battles of Utoy Creek, Atlanta, Columbia, Franklin and Nashville, and of Town Creek ; also in sacred remembrance of Color-Corporal Byron C. Baldwin, who yielded -up his life in its defense at Franklin, Tennessee, saturating its folds with his precious blood. Its term of service has been short—less than a year—but it is covered with honorable scars, worthy of a veteran. Presented to us by the citizens of Toledo, we know of no better hands in which to deposit it, than yours. "Your obedient servant, "E. L. HAYES, Brevet Brig.-Gen. "To the President of the Toledo Board of Trade." The Board of Trade, through its president and secretary, Harry Chase and Carlos Colton, made a suitable reply, accepting the flag, thanking the regiment for it, and promising carefully to preserve it. It is one of the cherished relics in Memorial Hall. ONE HUNDRED AND ELEVENTH INFANTRY This regiment was organized at Toledo early in September, 1862, and was composed of companies from the counties of Defiance, Fulton, Lucas, Sandusky, Williams and Wood. John R. Bond, former lieutenant-colonel of the Sixty-seventh, was commissioned colonel of the regiment. He was succeeded on September 8, 1864, by Isaac R. Sherwood, who had served as a private in the Fourteenth Ohio Infantry and was mustered in as adjutant of the One. Hundred and Eleventh. Lucas County furnished Company H, the commissioned officers of which were as follows : John W. Smith, captain ; Patrick a Dowling, first lieutenant ; Oristen Holloway, second lieutenant. On September 11, 1862, the regiment arrived at Covington, Kentucky. Just a week later, with four other regiments, it marched to Crittenden and routed the Confederate cavalry there under command of Gen. Kirby Smith. On the 25th it took transports at Cincinnati for Louisville, where it was attached to the army of Gen. Don Carlos Buell. During the winter and spring it was engaged several times with small detachments of the enemy ; then made a forced march to intercept the Confederate raider, Gen. John Morgan. The regiment reached the Ohio River too late and was taken up the Ohio to Cincinnati. Ten miles above Louisville Company .H and a few other troops were landed and captured a detachment of Morgan's force. The regiment was engaged in the affair at Buffington's Island, where a considerable portion of Morgan's command was captured. After Morgan's surrender, the One Hundred and Eleventh joined General Burnside for the Knoxville expedition. In this campaign it was engaged at Loudon Creek, Huff's Ferry, Campbell's Station, the siege of Knoxville and distinguished itself in the repulse of the enemy at Fort Saunders, where 800 Confederate prisoners were taken. In May, 1864, it joined General Sherman's forces and took an active part in the Atlanta campaign. As part of General Schofield's corps, it pursued Hood into Tennessee, taking part in numerous skirmishes and the battles of 180 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY Franklin and Nashville. It was then sent to General Terry, in North Carolina, where it served until the close of the war. It was mustered out on July 5, 1865. The regiment numbered 1,050 men when it was mustered in and received 85 recruits. Of these 234 were discharged for disability, 200 died of disease while in service, 252 were killed in battle or died of wounds, and 401 were mustered out, leaving 48 unaccounted for. Gen. Isaac R. Sherwood, who commanded the One Hundred and Eleventh Ohio after September 8, 1864, was born in Stanford, New York, August 13, 1835. He is a descendant of Thomas Sherwood, who came from England in 1634 and settled in New England. His father, Aaron Sherwood, died in 1844 and Isaac went to live with an uncle who sent him to school. In 1854 he entered Antioch College, where he spent two years, and in 1857 located at Bryan, Ohio, where he began the publication of the "Williams County Press." On April 16, 1861, he enlisted as a private in the Fourteenth Ohio Infantry and served for three months. The next year he resigned the office of probate judge to enter the One Hundred and Eleventh, and was made adjutant of the regiment. In February, 1863, he was promoted to major and commanded the regiment during that year in the greater part of its field service. In September, 1864, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. After the battle of Franklin the officers of the brigade and division united in recommending him for promotion and President Lincoln made him a brevet brigadier-general, "for long and faithful service, and for conspicuous gallantry at the battle of Franklin." Upon being mustered out of the army General Sherwood resumed the publication of the "Bryan Press." In 1868 he was elected secretary of state of Ohio and two years later was reelected. In 1872 he was elected to represent the Sixth District in Congress. From 1875 to 1886 he was the publisher of the "Toledo Journal." He was prominent in organizing the Grand Army of the Republic in Ohio and for many years has been a prominent figure in the national encampments. In 1879 he was elected probate judge of Lucas County and was reelected in 1882, serving two full terms. From 1906 to 1920 he served in Congress as a Democrat. He was still living in the spring of 1922—one of the few surviving field officers who "Wore the Blue" in the days when the nation's fate hung in the balance. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY In 1862 four companies were organized into a battalion known as "Hoffman's Battalion." Late in the year 1863 the order was issued to recruit a regiment of infantry. Six companies were raised at Columbus, Johnson's Island and other points in the state, and to these were added the four companies of the battalion, thus forming the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Infantry. The regiment was mustered in on January 8, 1864, for three years, "unless sooner discharged," with Charles W. Hill as colonel. The companies of Hoffman's Battalion were designated A, B, C and D, in which were ninety-seven Lucas County men, the greater part of Company G was raised in the county and a few joined Company I. Prior to the organization of the regiment, the battalion had been employed mainly in guarding the Confederate prisoners on Johnson's Island, and to this duty the regiment was assigned. Owing to repeated reports that efforts were to be made to free the prisoners, the men were employed much of the time in construct- TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 181 ing defensive works. Part of the regiment was sent to West Virginia in pursuit of Confederate troops, but soon returned to the island. Companies A and B were mustered out early in 1865 and the remainder of the regiment on July 13, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTIETH INFANTRY This was one of the "One Hundred Days' " regiments organized for guard duty in the spring of 1864. It was composed mainly of the 'First Regiment, Ohio National Guard, from Lucas County, and the Seventy-fifth Battalion, Ohio National Guard, from Fulton County. In the organization of the regiment the Lucas County companies were designated A, B, C, E and G. The commissioned officers of these companies were as follows : Company A—Sylvester Brown, captain ; Wesley Chamberlain, first lieutenant ; ames C. Messer, second lieutenant. Company B—Daniel A. Collins, captain ; William C. Cheney, first lieutenant ; Frederick Ingold, second lieutenant. Company C—Richard Waite, captain ; William B. Messinger, first lieutenant ; John J. Barker, second lieutenant. Company E—George W. Reynolds, Jr., captain ; Louis Kaiser, first lieutenant ; (no second lieutenant on muster roll). Company G —Warren D. Moore, captain ; Lyman H. Hendrickson, first lieutenant ; Joseph Warren, second lieutenant. Early in the spring of 1864 plans were completed for General Grant's campaign against Richmond and General Sherman's campaign against Atlanta. The One Hundred Days' regiments were raised so that veterans doing guard duty might be released 'to join their commands for the decisive blow of the war. The One Hundred and Thirtieth Ohio left Toledo on May 12, 1864, for Johnson's Island, where it guarded prisoners until June 4th. It then went by rail to the national capital and from there by transport to Bermuda Hundred and reported to General Butler. A few days later it was ordered to the Point of Rocks, on the Appomattox River, where it was employed in constructing earthworks. Late in June it was transferred to Deep Bottom, where it remained on picket duty until August 11th. It was then ordered to Fort Powhatan, where it remained until ordered home. It was mustered out at Toledo on September 22, 1864. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-SECOND INFANTRY On October 28, 1864, this regiment was mustered in at, Camp Chase for one year, "unless sooner discharged." Lewis Butler was the colonel ; John A. Chase, lieutenant-colonel ; William W. West, major. Companies A, B, D, F and K were raised in Lucas County. The commissioned officers of these companies at the time of muster in were : Company A—Jesse Burk, captain ; Irving A. Noble, first lieutenant ; Ernest F. Lipes, second lieutenant. Company B—Henry C. .Roemer, captain ; John S. Laver, first lieutenant ; James S. Merritt, second lieutenant. Company D—Warren • W. Cooke, captain ; George M. Young, first lieutenant ; Joshiah N. Smith, second lieutenant. Company F—Alexander M. Lang, captain ; Thomas Mitchell, first lieutenant ; George W. Brittingham, second lieutenant. Company K—Charles A. Wright, captain ; William H. Wood, first lieutenant ; William H. McGrew, second lieutenant. Three days after it was mustered in the regiment was on the way to Nash- 182 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY ville, Tennessee, where it joined General Thomas' army on the 6th of November. It took an active part in the battle of Nashville, December 14-15, 1864, and was then on provost duty there until July 7, 1865, when it was mustered out: The men reached Camp Chase on the 13th of the same month, where they received their final pay and were discharged. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FOURTH INFANTRY This regiment was raised under President Lincoln's last call for volunteers and was mustered in at Camp Chase on February 21, 1865, to serve for one year. It was commanded by Col. Henry S. Commager, who had won distinction as captain, major and lieutenant-colonel of the Sixty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Ezra S. Dodd, afterward state senator from Lucas County, was major, and there were several Lucas County men upon its muster rolls. Its first service was at Nashville, Tennessee, doing garrison duty. From there it was ordered to Chattanooga and late in March was sent to Bridgeport, Alabama, to guard an important railroad bridge over the Tennessee River. On July 25, 1865, it was ordered back to Nashville, where it was mustered out on September 20, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-NINTH INFANTRY This was the last of the Ohio infantry regiments in which Lucas County was represented. It was organized by companies at Toledo, Camp Chase, Cincinnati, Dayton, Hillsboro and Marietta and was mustered in at Camp Chase on March 5, 1865. The field officers were all Lucas County veterans, to wit : Henry D. Kingsbury, colonel ; J. McDermott Roe, lieutenant-colonel ; Norman Waite, major. On March 4, 1865, the day before the regiment was mustered in, orders were received at Camp Chase for it to report to Gen. George H. Thomas, at Nashville. From there it was sent to Murfreesboro, where it remained about two months, and was then sent to Tullahoma. In July it was ordered back to Nashville, where it was mustered out on September 28, 1865. THIRD OHIO CAVALRY The Third Cavalry was mustered in by companies between September 4 and December 11, 1861. On the latter date the organization was completed and the regiment was mustered in for three years, with the following field officers : Lewis Zahm, colonel ; Douglas A. Murray, lieutenant-colonel ; John H. Foster and James W. Paramore, majors. Owing to promotions and resignations a number of changes occurred. While in service the regiment had four colonels, four lieutenant-colonels and thirteen majors. Company C was from Lucas County and was mustered in with the following commissioned officers : Horace N. Howland, captain ; Jonathan B. Bliven, first lieutenant ; Oliver M. Brown, second lieutenant. On March 18, 1862, the regiment arrived at Nashville, Tennessee. During the spring and summer the regiment served in Tennessee and Mississippi, having frequent clashes with small detachments of the enemy. In September the First Battalion had a sharp engagement with three times its own number at Munfordville, Kentucky, and with three separate charges drove the Confederates inside their TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 185 works. The same battalion, with the Third Kentucky Cavalry and two companies of the Second Ohio, soon afterward made an unsuccessful assault upon the enemy (1,200 strong) at Bardstown, Kentucky. In October a detachment of the regiment, with part of the Fourth Ohio Cavalry, numbering 250 men in all, was escorting special couriers from Lexington to Covington. On the march the Union troops were surrounded by Gen. John Morgan's force and after a desperate resistance were compelled to surrender to superior numbers. Nearly every horse was killed or disabled in the engagement. The men were paroled and sent to Camp Chase. After the surrender and before the men had been disarmed, Private Weis asked one of the Confederates to point out General Morgan. When the Confederate pointed to a man a short distance away, Weis raised his carbine before it could be taken away from him and shot the man, killing him instantly. The man killed proved to be Charlton Morgan, a cousin of the notorious guerrilla leader. Weis was immediately killed by one of the enemy. The prisoners were soon afterward exchanged and rejoined the regiment. In the first day's fighting at Stone's River, Tennessee, the regiment was actively engaged and suffered considerable loss. The next day it was ordered to escort a train of 4,000 wagons from the army to Nashville for supplies. , At Stewart's Creek the train was attacked by Confederate cavalry, but the regiment, supported by the Tenth Ohio Infantry, repulsed the enemy with severe loss. The regiment was next engaged in the pursuit of the enemy from Stone's River and at Middleton, Tennessee, attacked the rear guard and captured one of the wagon trains. The Third Cavalry was with Rosecrans' army during the summer of 1863. At Chickamauga it was stationed at Lafayette, Georgia, where it was attacked by a superior force and compelled to fall back to Charleston, Tennessee. After the battle of Chickamauga it formed the advance of General Crook's forces in pursuit of the Confederate cavalry and at Farmington, McMinnville and on the Shelbyville pike defeated the enemy in spirited engagements. In January, 1864, while at Pulaski, Tennessee, the regiment reenlisted. Of the original 1,300 men, only 400 at that time were fit for service. Only thirty of the Toledo company returned on veteran furlough, many of the men being on detached service when the command left Nashville. Early in May, the furlough having expired, the regiment reassembled at Monroeville, Ohio, nearly one thousand recruits having been secured in the meantime. It returned to the front and before the close of that month was engaged at Courtland, Alabama. It then joined General Sher-man's army for the advance on Atlanta and took part in many of the engagements of that campaign. It was with General Wilson on the raid through Georgia and Alabama. At Macon, Georgia, orders were received from Gen. George H. Thomas for the third Cavalry to turn over its horses and arms and report at Nashville for muster out. It was mustered out there on August 4, 1865, and ten days later the men reached Camp Chase, where they were paid and formally discharged. BATTERY H, FIRST LIGHT ARTILLERY In August, 1861, largely through the efforts of Harvey Kellogg and George W. Norton, a company of young men was raised in Adams and adjoining townships for service in the Union army. On September 18, 1861, the men from Lucas County reported at Camp Dennison, Cincinnati, where they were joined by a num- 186 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY ber of men from Marietta and Battery H was organized. On November 7, 1861, it was mustered into the United States service, with the following commissioned officers : James F. Huntington, captain ; George W. .Norton and George Davenport, first lieutenants ; Thomas M. Bartlett and Martin B. Ewing, second lieutenants. In January, 1862, it joined Gen. F. W. Lander's division in the Shenandoah Valley. On March 22, 1862, the battery opened the engagement at Winchester, a fact of which the men had cause to be proud, as that engagement was the first in which the celebrated "Stonewall" Jackson was defeated. During April and May the battery was on duty at various places along the Shenandoah River. On June 9th it was actively engaged at Port Republic, where three of its guns were lost to the enemy. It was then ordered to Alexandria, where it received recruits, new horses and three-inch Rodman rifled guns. With these guns it rendered effective service at the second battle of Bull Run, after which it was in the Washington defenses for about a month. At the battle of Fredericksburg, December 10 to 12, 1862, the battery used nearly one thousand shells. On the retreat from Fredericksburg, it covered the crossing of the Rappahannock River. At Chancellorsville the battery rendered efficient service, when on May 2, 1863, with the Tenth and Eleventh New York batteries, it was stationed near Hazel Grove and after the New York batteries were withdrawn kept the road open for General Sickles' corps. The Ohio boys stood to their guns until ordered to fall back, when the Confederates made a charge and captured three of the guns. Gen. Joseph Hooker, commanding the Army of the Potomac, rode up and addressed the battery, saying : "You have done splendidly. I saw you fight and did not expect you to get out. You have done your share." Whipple's division, to which the battery was attached, was so badly cut to pieces at Chancellorsville that it was disbanded and the battery was placed in the reserve artillery of the Army of the Potomac, where it remained until the close of the war. It was mustered out at Camp Taylor on June 14, 1865. About noon the next day the Lucas County members reached Toledo. They were met at the railroad station by a large concourse of citizens and the Union Silver Band, and escorted to the Island House, where a dinner was ready for them. On the battery's flag were inscribed "Winchester," "Fredericksburg," "Chancellorsville," "Port Republic," "Gettysburg," and the names of these engagements alone would tell the story of the battery's service. TWENTY-FIRST INDEPENDENT BATTERY This battery was organized during the winter of 1862-63 and was mustered into the United States service at Camp Dennison, Cincinnati, April 29, 1863, with the following officers : James W. Patterson, captain; Harrison L. Holloway and James N. Walley, first lieutenants ; William H. H. Smith and John M. Raymond, second lieutenants. About ten days after being mustered in, Captain Patterson was ordered to take four guns and move at once to West Virginia. After a brief but exciting campaign there, he was returned to Camp Dennison. On May 20, 1863, the battery was called upon to act as guard for Clement L. Vallandigham, who had been found guilty of treason by a court-martial and ordered by President Lincoln to be banished to the Confederate States. Taking the prisoner on board the gunboat TOLEDO AND LUCAS. COUNTY - 189 "Exchange" at Cincinnati, the battery proceeded down the Ohio River to Louis-ville, where it turned Vallandigham over to the military authorities and returned to Camp Dennison. In July, 1863, when news was received that Morgan had crossed the Ohio, the battery was ordered to Madison, Indiana. your of its guns, fully manned, were placed on steamboats to patrol the Ohio River and in this way aided materially in the capture of the noted guerrilla chieftain by making it difficult to recross the river into Kentucky. On September 22, 1863, the battery left Cincinnati for Camp Nelson, Kentucky. From there it moved to Greenville, Tennessee. It took part in the action at Walker's Ford, December 2, 1863, and was then on duty in Ten-nessee and Alabama, being frequently engaged with the enemy, until mustered out on July 21, 1865. In addition to the above mentioned military organizations, there were Lucas County men in nearly every regiment raised in Northwestern Ohio and Southern Michigan, as well as in regiments in other states and in the regular army. In camp, on the march, or on the firing line, they demonstrated, with few exceptions, that they were soldiers, and their record is one of duty well performed. THE WORK AT HOME While the Lucas County boys at the front were doing all they could to sup-press the rebellion and save the Union, the folks at home were by no means idle. Public meetings were frequently held to encourage the patriotic sentiment, or to devise ways and means of aiding the families of soldiers. On October 9, 1861, the Toledo Soldiers' Aid Society was organized by the patriot women of the city. Mrs. S. A. Raymond was chosen the first president ; Mrs. E. Perigo, vice president ; Mrs. E. P. Osborn, corresponding secretary ; Mrs. M. R. Waite, recording secre-tary ; Mrs. Charles E. Winans, treasurer. During the winter, by fairs, festivals and other forms of entertainment, the society raised nearly two thousand dollars, the greater portion of which was expended for hospital supplies and the balance used to aid soldiers' families. Altogether, this society raised $10,080 while the war was in progress. Auxiliaries were organized in each of the townships and several of the townships also organized independent aid societies. Too much praise cannot be given to the heroic women of the county for the part they played in caring for the soldiers and those dependent upon them. Among the male population were many who were too old, or otherwise unfitted for military service. These men showed their patriotism in other ways. In the latter part of 1864, when more troops were needed; recruiting clubs were organized in the several wards, the main object of which was to raise money to pay bounties to volunteers. Scarcely a man refused to contribute to the fund and the result