TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 301 large proportions and for seventeen years Mr. Coover has been identified therewith, his efficiency and fidelity contributing to the success which has eventually crowned the enterprise. He is familiar with every phase of the business and his close application and unremitting industry have been valuable assets in the prosperity of this concern. On the 18th of May, 1909, Mr. Coover was united in marriage to Miss Effie Marie Sherman of Toledo and they have become parents of three daughters : Betty, Dorothy Louise and Florence Marie. The parents are members of the Park Congregational church, in which Mr. Coover is serving as a deacon. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and heartily sympathizes with the plans of that organization to promote all interests which are a matter of civic virtue and of civic pride. He belongs also to the Exchange Club and to the Toledo Association of Credit Men, while something of the nature of his recreation is indicated in his membership connection with the Maumee River Yacht Club. From 1921 to 1923 he served on the board of control of the Exchange Club, and in 1921 he became treasurer of the Toledo Association of Credit Men. He is loyal to any cause which he espouses, seeking at all times to further the work of the different organizations with which he is affiliated. Fraternally. he is connected with Fort Meigs Lodge, No. 29, A. F. & A. M., and with Rubicon Chapter, No. 237, R. A. M., exemplifying in his life the beneficent spirit and purposes upon which the craft is based. His residence is at No. 1814 Princeton drive. FREDERICK WILLIAM SMITH Frederick William Smith, whose active operations in the insurance field have brought him through the stages of successive development to the responsible position of general agent for the Continental Casualty Company and the Continental Insurance Company at Toledo, is a native of the neighboring state of Michigan, his birth having occurred on a farm near Adrian, on the 30th of September, 1883, his parents being John Hugo and Margaret (Traband) Smith, the former a farmer by occupation. The son obtained his education in the country schools while spending his youthful days under the parental roof, going through the usual experiences of the farm bred boy who early becomes familiar with the labors of the fields. He attended the high school at Adrian, where he was graduated in 1907, and then, thinking to enter upon the practice of law he became a law student in the University of Michigan. Changing his plans, however, he accepted a position as circulation manager of an Ann Arbor newspaper, continuing in that capacity for three years. In 1911 he went to Hartford, Connecticut, and later to Dayton, Ohio, in both cities being identified with insurance interests. In December, 1912, he was appointed general agent for the Continental Casualty Company and the Continental Insurance Company at Toledo and has made good in this responsible position. He has closely and consistently studied the insurance situation and the opportunities of the business and has been successful in directing the affairs of the company in the districts over which he has jurisdiction. On the 16th of June, 1916, Mr. Smith was married to Miss Alice Wincenried of Toledo and they have become parents of two children : Gurdon Dimmick and Alice. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are members of the First Congregational church. Mr. Smith was secretary of the Kiwanis Club for a period of six years, from 1916 until 302 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY 1922, when he resigned, at which time the organization presented him with a gold watch and he was presented with a loving cup by the Chamber of Commerce and the Rotary, Exchange, Lions and Kiwanis clubs, in slight token of the time and effort he had given to the upbuilding of his community. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and is interested in all of the plans of that organization for the city's benefit and improvement. He is also a charter member of Damascus Lodge, No. 643, A. F. & A. M., and loyally follows the teachings and purposes of the craft. He enjoys gardening and the cultivation of flowers and finds much of his recreation along that line. His thoroughness and persistency in business have constituted the basic elements of his growing success and he has made for himself a creditable place in insurance circles. FRANK EVERARD HECK Frank Everard Heck, a native son of Toledo, has steadily progressed since his initial effort was made in the field of business, as he has proven his worth and ability, and is now serving as president and manager of the Rex Bread Company, in which connection he is at the head of an enterprise of large proportions. He was born May 12, 1885, of the marriage of Henry F. and Emma (BIiirchall) Heck, both natives of Toledo. For many years the father successfully engaged in the drug business and his demise occurred in Toledo. The mother is now living in Cleveland, Ohio. They were the parents of two children : Mrs. Bessie Caves and Frank Everard, both residents of this city. Frank Everard Heck attended the grammar schools and Central high school of Toledo and after completing his education he secured a clerical position with the Detwiler Real Estate Company, later becoming connected with its insurance department. He next became associated with the E. C. Close Real Estate Company and after severing his relations with that firm he entered the employ of the Sherlock Baking Company. He found the work very congenial and devoted every effort to mastering the business. In July, 1920, he became identified with the Rex Bread Company and is now acting as president and manager of the concern, which caters exclusively to the wholesale trade. The company employs about seventy-five persons in the operation of its bakery, which is one of the most modern and sanitary in the city, and there is a large demand for its products because of their purity and wholesomeness. Mr. Heck displays initiative, foresight and executive force in the management of the business and has instituted many well devised plans for its expansion and development. In November, 1910, Mr. Heck was married to Miss Martha Fallis, a daughter of H. D. Fallis, now deceased, who occupied a prominent position in business circles of the city, serving as president of the Sherlock Baking Company. Mr. and Mrs. Heck have a son, Frank Fallis, who was born in Toledo, December 23, 1911, and is now attending the public schools. Mr. Heck is independent in his political views, placing the qualifications of a candidate above all other considerations, and as a member of the Chamber of Commerce he aids in promoting the industrial interests of the city. He is a Knights Templar and thirty-second degree Mason, and a member of Zenobia Temple, Mystic Shrine, and is also identified with the Young Men's Christian Association, the Toledo Yacht Club, the Toledo Automobile Club, the Toledo Club, the Inverness TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 305 Club, was a charter member and is secretary of the Ottawa Park Riding Club, and is a member of the Toledo Zoological Society. He has led an active and useful life, employing every opportunity to advance, and his present success is entirely attributable to his own labors. His course has been characterized by integrity and honor in every relation and commands for him the respect and goodwill of those among whom his life has been spent. His residence is at No. 1056 Prospect avenue. JOHN S. HARRIS John S. Harris, member of the firm of the bond house of Sidney Spitzer & Company, has been connected with banking and investment interests throughout his business career. He was born in Kirkersville, Licking county, Ohio, June 8, 1886, and his parents, James T. and Minnie (Stone) Harris, were also natives of Ohio. The father devoted his attention to mercantile pursuits. He passed away at Kirkersville. The mother is still living. The public schools of his native town afforded John S. Harris his educational opportunities and after entering upon his business career, he became connected with the First National Bank of Columbus, Ohio, working his way steadily upward in that institution through industry and ability, until he at length became manager of the bond department. On the 1st of January, 1913, he came to Toledo, at which time he began his connection with Sidney Spitzer & Company, and was subsequently made a member of the firm. He combines a thorough knowledge of the business with executive ability and is bending every effort toward the legitimate advancement of his house. The firm handles municipal, county and school bonds and ranks with the prominent, high grade investment security houses of the country. At Buffalo, New York, on the 26th of June, 1911, Mr. Harris was married to Miss Sadie Horey, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Horey, prominent residents of that city. Mr. Harris is a member of the Collingwood Avenue Presbyterian church and his political tenets are those of the republican party. He is identified with the Toledo Commerce Club and is also a member of the Inverness Country Club and the Toledo Club. He has ever endeavored to perform his duty according to the best of his ability and the years have chronicled his progress along lines which lead to his success. His career has been marked by integrity, efficiency and progressiveness and his is a well ordered, upright life that commands for him the respect and confidence of all with whom he has been associated. NOLAN BOGGS Nolan Boggs, lawyer and author, who since his retirement from the office of first assistant prosecuting attorney of Lucas county, in 1920, has devoted his attention to the private practice of law, has gained a creditable position in the ranks of the legal fraternity in Toledo. He was born July 4, 1888, in Elmore, Ohio, a son of Milton and Mary (King) Boggs. At the usual age he became a public school pupil and passed through consecutive grades to his graduation from the high school of his native city. He afterward pursued a course in a business college in 306 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY Toledo and then entered the Toledo University for the study of law, winning his LL. B. degree upon graduation with the class of 1909. Subsequently he spent a year in further law study in the University of Michigan and is numbered among its alumni of 1910. He has been admitted to practice in all of the state and federal courts and has made continuous progress in his chosen profession. In 1915 he was called to the office of first assistant prosecuting attorney of Lucas county and filled that responsible position for five years or until 1920, when he resigned. After that time he became senior member of the firm of Boggs, D'Alton & Doty. He is now practicing with Ralph W. Doty under the name of Boggs & Doty, with a clientage that is large and of an important character. He is also well known as the author of a "Manual of Ohio and Federal Criminal Procedure." He belongs to the Lucas County, Ohio State and American Bar associations and there are few men who hold more rigidly to the highest standards and ethics of the profession. On the 26th of June, 1912, Mr. Boggs was married to Miss Sarah L. McPhe and they have two sons, Howard W. and Ralph Stuart. Fraternally Mr. Boggs is connected with the Masons, loyally following the teachings and purposes of the craft. He belongs also to the Commerce Club and is a valued member of the Lawyers Club. Everywhere held in high esteem, no warmer regard is entertained for him than among his colleagues and contemporaries in the profession, and while he has not yet reached the prime of life, his record is already a notable one and those who have watched his career feel that his future will be one of steady progress and advancement. ROY P. THAL Since establishing his home in Toledo, Roy P. Thal has made substantial progress along business lines and is now prominently connected with manufacturing interests, being secretary and treasurer of the Thal & Bitter Machine Company, which ranks with the large productive industries of the city. He was born in one of the countries of Europe, on the 10th of November, 1874, a son of Paul and Lena (Blumberg) Thal, who were also of foreign birth. Leaving their native land they sought the opportunities presented in America and in 1900 arrived in Toledo, where the father continued to reside until his demise, which occurred in 1905, The mother is still living in this city. They became the parents of eight children : Louis, Edward and Max, all of whom are residents of Toledo ; Fred who makes his home in Chicago, Illinois ; Jacob, of Saginaw, Michigan ; Mrs. Paul Aminoff and Mrs. Sarah Luinson, who are also living in Chicago ; and Roy P., of Toledo. Roy P. Thal obtained his education in the schools of his native land, later serving a five years' apprenticeship to the machinist's trade, which he followed as a journeyman, working in many large European cities. Eventually he went to London, England, first entering the employ of a Mr. Sherman and later securing a position with a Mr. Kramer, both of whom were well known manufacturers of that city. Feeling that he could advance more rapidly in a newer country, he came to the United States in 1897 and for eighteen months followed his trade in New York city. He then went to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and obtained employment with the Westinghouse Electric Company, with which he remained until 1900, when he came to Toledo. He first entered the service of the Baker Brothers Manu- TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 307 facturing Company, remaining with that firm for three years, and on the expiration of that period he joined the Toledo Machine & Tool Company, with which he was identified for eight and a half years. He next became connected with the Kinsey Manufacturing Company and on severing his relations with that firm he accepted a position with the Overland Motor Car Company, with which he continued for several years. These various associations gave him broad experience along industrial lines and he then decided to establish himself in business independently, becoming a member of the Thal & Bitter Machine Company, which was organized in 1919. Mr. Thal is now serving as secretary and treasurer of the concern, which has developed rapidly since its inception, and his well devised plans and progressive ideas have contributed materially toward the success of the undertaking. They do all kinds of machine work, devoting considerable attention to the manufacture of automobile parts, and owing to the high quality of the work turned out of their shop and their thorough reliability they have been able to build up a business of large proportions. On the 27th of August, 1902, Mr. Thal was married to Miss Clara Gettleson, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Gettleson of Toledo, and they have five children : Norman, whose birth occurred in August, 1904, and who is now attending the Scott high school of this city ; Theresa, who was born in 1907 and is also a pupil of that school ; Irwin, who was born in 1909, Philip, who was born in 1912, and William, born in 1915, all of whom are in school. Mr. and Mrs. Thal are members of the Collingwood Avenue temple and he is also connected with the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith. He has never had occasion to regret the determination which led him to come to this country, for here he has found excellent opportunities for the development of his ability, and through the utilization of his talents he has steadily advanced until he now occupies a position of prominence in business circles of Toledo, while his high principles and fine personal qualities have won for him the esteem and confidence of all with whom he has been associated. FREDERICK CLARK AVERILL Frederick Clark Averill, member of the Toledo bar, having continuously followed the profession since 1901, or for a period of twenty-two years, was born in St. Louis, Missouri, December 25, 1875, his parents being Henry E. and Julia M. (Dodge) Averill, the former for an extended period accounted one of the prominent attorneys of Toledo. During the early boyhood of the son, the family home was maintained at Perrysburg, Ohio, where Frederick C. Averill was reared and educated until he had completed his public school course. He afterward matriculated in the University of Michigan, where he won the Bachelor of Philosophy degree, and later he entered Columbia University of New York city, where he received the degrees of Master of Arts and Bachelor of Laws. He has long been actively interested in the Way Public Library at Perrysburg and has filled the position of secretary and chairman of the book committee for a period of sixteen years. He is also a trustee of the Perrysburg Presbyterian church, one of the oldest churches organized in northwestern Ohio. In 1901 Mr. Averill was admitted to the bar and entered upon active practice. Through the intervening years he has devoted his attention to the profession and 308 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY has made steady progress, no dreary novitiate awaiting him. Advancement at the bar is proverbially slow and yet he has won for himself a most creditable place as a capable and resourceful lawyer, ready to meet any emergency that may arise in the courts. He prepares his cases with thoroughness and care and his presentation of a case is always clear, cogent and forceful. He has ever been interested in those activities which make for progress and for higher ideals in citizenship and his patriotic spirit is manifest in hs connection with the Sons of the American Revolution, which also indicates the allegiance of his ancestry to those interests which have made for the upbuilding of the nation. FREDERICK WILLIAM GAINES Frederick W. Gaines was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He is the son of James C. and Lucy L. (Reed) Gaines. He was graduated from the Central high school of Cleveland and the Cleveland Manual Training School before entering Yale University, where he received the degrees, A. B. and LL. B. After obtaining his professional degree from Yale, he entered upon the active practice of law, practicing in all state and federal courts. Since 1915 he has been associated with the law offices of Doyle and Lewis in Toledo, and is an attorney for the New York Central Railroad Company. During the World war he was also employed as an attorney for the United States Railroad Administration. For a number of years Mr. Gaines was a deputy clerk of the United States district court, and is a United States commissioner. He is a member of the Toledo Bar Association, the Ohio Bar Association, the American Bar Association, the bar of the United States supreme court and the Zeta. Psi fraternity of North America. He is a successful lawyer and associated with one of the leading law firms, and has been connected with much important litigation. On June 21, 1898, he was married to Miss Fanny Olmstead of Stamford, Connecticut. They are the parents of three children, James Olmstead, Frederick William, III, and Frances Mary. Mr. Gaines' residence is at No. 2621 Parkwood avenue. DAVID A. YODER David A. Yoder, prominently known in connection with dairy interests in northwestern Ohio, is the president of the Ohio Clover Leaf Dairy Company and president and manager of the National Dairy Company. He has been a lifelong resident of Ohio. He was born in Wooster, a son of Christian Z. and Lydia (Smiley) Yoder. The youthful experiences of David A. Yoder were those of the farm bred boy who divides his time between the acquirement of a public school education, the pleasures of the playground and the duties assigned him in connection with the operation of the home farm. His attention was early directed to the dairy industry and along this line he has concentrated his efforts through a considerable period of his life, being now prominently identified with a number of important dairy interests. Mr. Yoder has manifested a keen interest in the devel- TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 311 opment of the dairy industry and improvement of milk products, his efforts beginning with the farmers in the betterment of conditions at the source and being carried out all along the line to the consumer by the utilization of scientific methods and the most modern machinery. For some years Mr. Yoder was interested in the banking business and in the telephone business. In addition to his other interests he is vice president of the United States Malleable Iron Company. He is a member of the Toledo Club, the Inverness Club, the Rotary Club, the Toledo Automobile Club and the Chamber of Commerce. His interests are broad, compassing many of the activities which feature in the material upbuilding of the city, and Toledo regards him as one of her strong and able business men. On the 20th of June, 1900, Mr. Yoder married Miss Josephine A. Lutz of Leroy, Ohio. They reside at Harold Arms. WILLIAM E. BETTRIDGE Among those men who have been most active in furthering the industrial development of Toledo is numbered William E. Bettridge, who has depended upon industry and ability for advancement and is now at the head of the Lakeside Biscuit Company, in which connection he is controlling a business of extensve proportions, the success of which depends upon superior administrative ability and keen sagacity. A native of Great Britain, he was born October 20, 1870, of Irish ancestry, and his advent into the biscuit business came when he was eleven years of age, when he began working for an English concern, being assigned the task of greasing pans. After arriving in this country he became connected with the D. F. Bremner Baking Company of Chicago, Illinois, in 1892, and when the American; United States and New York Biscuit companies were amalgamated into the National Biscuit Company he entered the service of that corporation, with which he remained until 1901. In that year, in association with Miss N. Lawlor, Mr. Bettridge organized the Toledo Biscuit Company, their combined capital being about four hundred dollars. They met with many obstacles in starting their business, for owing to their lack of capital no contractor would erect a building without an agreement to pay for material and wages weekly, which was done from subscriptions from the stockholders, who consisted chiefly of retail and wholesale grocers. From this beginning a very profitable business was built up, but in 1910 a disastrous fire consumed their entire building, destroying practically all of their assets. Many loyal friends of Mr. Bettridge came to his assistance with unreserved support and on the old site was erected a modern five-story building one hundred and ten feet square, of reinforced concrete and equipped with all the most improved labor-saving devices known to the biscuit business. In 1914 Mr. Bettridge purchased the old Kruce Cracker Company of Detroit, Michigan, but on account of the conditions surrounding it, the experiment proved rather costly and he has since leased the building and equipment to the Kroger Grocery and Baking Company of Cincinnati, Ohio, who retain it as a distributing warehouse. Owing to the rapid growth of the business, it was necessary to plan additions to the factory and in July, 1919, the capacity of the plant was more than doubled. The Lakeside Biscuit Company is now operating five ovens and its plant, which is one of the most sanitary and best ventilated estab- 312 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY lishments of the kind in the United States, is capable of turning out twelve thousand crackers, baked to perfection, salted to taste and ready for packing, every five minutes. The firm manufactures a full line of crackers, cakes and biscuits, using for this purpose five carloads, or four hundred thousand pounds of flour, per week, and one hundred barrels of sugar daily. The factory is advantageously situated in the center of the best soft winter wheat belt. Only the finest of Louisiana cane sugar, creamery butter, fresh eggs and pure milk are used and these ingredients, skillfully combined by modern machinery and efficient processes and baked with consummate care, produce Lakeside quality products, which are handled by ninety-five per cent of the grocery stores in Toledo. The employes in the office and factory average two hundred and there is also a force of thirty traveling salesmen, who cover northwestern Ohio and southern Michigan, all goods being sold direct to the retail grocers. The firm has endeavored to provide the best possible working conditions for its employes and has recently installed a school of instruction in practical baking, under the tutorship of its own foremen. Mr. Bettridge is an indefatigable worker and as president of the Lakeside Biscuit Company he is controlling a business of over a million dollars annually which stands as a significant monument to his initiative spirit his powers of organization and his executive force. In the conduct of the business he has ever adhered to the master formula of integrity, honor and trustworthiness and the Lakeside products enjoy an unassailable reputation for purity, excellence and reliability. Mr. Bettridge married Lucy Barnstable of Lake county, Illinois, who died January 17, 1922. She was the mother of two children, Elmer and Bessie. Mr. Bettridge is a member of numerous clubs and organizations, including the Toledo Club, Inverness Golf Club, Exchange Club, Toledo Riding Club, Toledo Yacht Club and the Toledo Chamber of Commerce, the Detroit Board of Commerce and the New Orleans Chamber of Commerce. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, receiving all his degrees in Chicago, and is a Noble of Medinah Temple, Mystic Shrine, of that city. He is also a member of Toledo Lodge, Knights of Pythias: During his early manhood he spent a year in Montana as a cowpuncher. He is an enthusiastic devotee of horseback riding and maintains that the time which he spent as a cowboy was the happiest period of his life. The word fail has never found a place in his vocabulary and difficulties and obstacles in his path have spurred him on to renewed effort. He has constructed his own success, evolving a structure that is worthy of the hands of a master builder, and his is the record of a strong mentality, stable in purpose, quick in perception, swift in decision, energetic and persistent in action. His life has been an exemplary one in all respects and commands for him the unqualified respect and esteem of those with whom he has been associated. CHARLES W. OWEN Charles W. Owen is a partner of the well known firm of patent attorneys, Owen, Owen & Crampton. He was born in the city of Lansing, Michigan, on the 29th of June, 1877, a son of Charles W. and Belle J. (Allen) Owen. The father was a newspaper man, identified with the "Coldwater Courier" and other Michigan newspapers. Charles W. Owen largely acquired his education in the public schools of Cold- TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 315 water, Michigan, before entering the George Washington University at the national capital. There he pursued his law course and was graduated with the class of 1899. Two years later he joined his brother, Wilber Owen, in Toledo, organizing the law firm of Owen & Owen, which subsequently became Owen, Owen & Crampton when Faust F. Crampton became a partner. Almost from the beginning of his professional career Mr. Owen has specialized in patent law and has made steady progress in this field, until today the firm occupies a position of distinction among the patent attorneys of the middle west. Its business is of an important character and it has been connected with notable cases in this particular, as its clientage is important and extensive. By reason of his work Mr. Owen is also well known in Washington and among his clients are the names of many who have won distinction. On the 28th of April, 1900, Mr. Owen was united in marriage to Miss Anna V. Steinmetz, a native of Toledo, Ohio, and they have become parents of two children: Virginia and Allen. Mr. Owen is a member of the Commerce Club, the Toledo Club and the Inverness Club—associations which indicate much concerning the nature of his interests and his recreations. By reason of his professional activity and his social qualities he has a wide acquaintance in Toledo. Mr. Owen's residence is at No. 2556 Scottwood avenue. URSULINE ACADEMY OF THE SACRED HEART Less than half a decade had passed after Toledo's incorporation as a city, when Father Rappe came to minister to the spiritual needs of the scattered Catholic families in the territory extending from Toledo to the Indiana state line and south as far as Allen county. His first thought was to secure religious teachers for his newly organized parish—St. Francis de Sales. A colony of Sisters from Cincinnati responded to his call. After six years in the swampy city the Sisters' health failed and they were recalled by their general superior. In 1847 the "Missionary of the Maumee" was appointed bishop of the newly erected see of Cleveland. Two years later Bishop Rappe returned to his native France to solicit priests and nuns to aid him in his diocese. For nuns he directed his steps to the Ursulines of Boulognesur-Mer, where he had been chaplain before coming to America. This order was named for St. Ursula, daughter of Dimnoc, king of Cornwall, who was born about the year 360. Her father promised her in marriage to Conan, a Breton prince, and Ursula had to embark against her wish, in company with a great many young maidens destined to marry the nobles and warriors among whom Conan had divided his new states. The fleet was cast by a storm near the mouth of the Rhine, and the virgins fell into the hands of the Huns, whose chief sought to make Ursula apostatize that he might marry her. She boldly declared that she was the spouse of Jesus Christ, and that she and her companions, whom she had instructed, would die a thousand deaths rather than be unfaithful to their baptismal vows. On hearing this, his love changed to hatred, and he ordered his soldiers to put them all to death. The glory of St. Ursula's apostolate did not end with her life. It is perpetuated in the illustrious Order of St. Ursula, founded in 1535 by St. Angela, who was born March 21, 1474, at Dezanzano, Italy. November 25, 1535, St. Angela founded the order. Through humility, she would not permit it to be 316 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY known in the world by her name, but gave it the name of St. Ursula. She died January 27, 1540. Bishop Rappe's appeal in France met with a generous response. Four Ursulines and one candidate accompanied him on his return to devote themselves to the education of young girls in the Episcopal city of Cleveland. Undaunted by failure in his first attempt to procure religious teachers for Toledo, Bishop Rappe begged the infant community of Cleveland to give him nuns for his beloved Toledo. From their small number they gave him five nuns, who arrived in Toledo, December 12, 1854, to begin the work of Christian education in this city, where they have built up one of the most flourishing academies in northwestern Ohio. Hardships and privations were not wanting to these pioneer nuns, but the best families of all creeds in the city recognized the cultural value of such an institution and through their generous patronage the school was enabled to grow. The memory of these loyal students is still cherished by the Ursulines. The progress of the Ursulines in Toledo from 1854 to 1922 has been that of steady growth. The development of the parochial school system in Toledo from two schools on the convent grounds to its present status is an interesting story. The same is true of the academy. When the charter was granted by the state there was but one graduate. In 1922 there was a class of fifty graduates. In 1905 the academy at the corner of Cherry and Erie streets no longer accommodated the boarders and day students, so the new academy known as St. Ursula's was opened on Collingwood avenue. Again the numbers have outgrown the present buildings and soon a large building on Parkwood avenue will be erected. After a brief survey of his new diocese Rt. Rev. Bishop Stritch; D. D., decided that the great need of his diocese was an institution of higher education for young women. Mary Manse College, adjoining the academy on Collingwood avenue, is the result of his farseeing vision. In addition, then, to schools for children and young girls, the Ursulines offer to Toledo the advantages of a college education for young women. REUBEN H. BITTER That Toledo offers a good field for advancement to the ambitious, energetic young man is demonstrated in the fact that few of her native sons have sought in other localities an opportunity for the development of their talents, being content to utilize the advantages here presented, and the city has greatly profited through their intelligently directed efforts and civic loyalty. To this class belongs Reuben H. Bitter, who has spent his life in Toledo and is now serving as president of the Thal & Bitter Machine Company, operating one of the large manufacturing plants of the city. He was born October 6, 1885, and is a son of Jacob F. and Julia (Augsbach) Bitter, the former also a native of Toledo, while the latter was born in New York city but became a resident of Toledo in early life. For several years the father engaged in the general dry goods business in this city and afterward he became connected with the postal department of the United States government. He is now living retired in this city and the mother also survives. Three children were born to their union : William G., Lily and Reuben H. After completing his high school course Reuben H. Bitter entered the Toledo School of Engineering, which he attended for five years, and then started upon his professional career. He was identified with various firms and was in the draughting departments of the National Malleable Iron Works and the Electric TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 317 Auto-Lite Company, but in 1919 decided to establish himself in business independently and organized the Thal & Bitter Machine Company, a close corporation, of which he is the president, while Roy Thal, a prominent business man of this city, is serving as secretary and treasurer. They manufacture dies, tools and an automobile spotlight, utilizing from forty-five to seventy-five employes in the operation of their plant, and under the capable direction of Mr. Bitter the undertaking has rapidly developed, a large volume of business now being done by the firm, which occupies a prominent position in manufacturing circles of the city. Mr. Bitter was married on the 30th of November, 1917, to Miss Minerva Duesing, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Duesing of this city, and they have a daughter, Elaine, whose birth occurred in 1918. Mr. Bitter is identified with the Masonic order, being a member of the lodge, chapter and council, but is not connected with any other organizations, his attention being concentrated upon his business interests. His life has been one of diligence and determination and well defined plans and purposes have carried him steadily forward until he now ranks with Toledo's representative business men. He has ever directed his interests by the rules which govern strict integrity and unabating industry and he enjoys the high regard of those who have known him from boyhood to the present time. STANLEY A. GRZEZINSK1 Stanley A. Grzezinski, engaged in the general practice of law in Toledo since 1911, and a recognized leader among the people of Polish birth or descent in this city, in which he has always made his home, was born October 18, 1887, his parents being Michael and Juliana (Prelinski) Grzezinski. He acquired his early education in parochial schools and afterward attended the Ohio Northern University at Ada, Ohio, where he pursued his law studies and won his professional degree as a graduate of the class of 1911. He then returned to Toledo, where he entered upon general practice and through the intervening period has largely devoted his attention to his professional interests and duties. He is associated with the law firm of Hackett & Lynch and he has also become closely connected with several important business interests, being the president of the Polonia Clothing & Shoe Company and also one of the directors of the Polish Savings, Loan & Building Association. He endeavors in every possible way to assist the Polish people of this locality, for being a native American citizen and of Polish descent, he understands both sides of the questions that must be solved in amalgamating the Polish people into American life and citizenship. During the World war Mr. Grzezinski became identified with the Officers Reserve Corps of the Field Artillery and was on duty at Camp Zachary Taylor. He is now a member of the American Legion. He belongs also to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and to the Loyal Order of Moose and he further has membership with the Knights of Columbus, which indicates his affiliation with the Catholic church. He is a member of the Commerce Club, of the Toledo Automobile Club, of the Phi Delta Phi and the Lucas County and Ohio State Bar associations. These varied and various membership connections indicate the nature of his interests and the breadth of his activities. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and in 1915 he was a candidate for the office of municipal judge. He regards the pursuits of private life, however, as abundantly worthy of his best 318 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY efforts and is concentrating his attention largely upon his professional duties, which are steadily developing as his powers increase through the exercise of effort and through his continuous study of the principles of jurisprudence. HOMER H. HEATH, M. D. Dr. Homer H. Heath, a member of one of the old and highly respected families of Ohio, has been identified with the medical fraternity of Toledo for the past seventeen years and has gained a well established position as one of the most successful surgeons of the city, his ability being attested by the large practice accorded him. He was born at Whitehouse, Ohio, August 14, 1877, a son of Dr. Francis Marion and Abigail (Kimber) Heath, also natives of this state, the former born at Heath's Corners, Ohio, and the latter at Whitehouse, Lucas county. The latter was a daughter of Harriet Mullen Kimber, who was the first white woman to settle near Aetna, Ohio, and later removed to Whitehouse. The maternal grandfather made the trip to California with the gold seekers of 1849 and died near Sacramento, California, on the return journey. The paternal grandfather, Nehemiah Heath, came to Ohio from Heath's Corners,' Roxbury, Massachusetts, and the land on which he located afterward became known as Heath's Corners, Ohio. He later removed to Colton, Ohio. He married a Miss Davis, who was a member of an old and highly respected family of New England, and their son, Francis Marion Heath, became one of the leading physicians of Whitehouse, where he continued to follow his profession until his demise, which occurred in 1896. He was an honored veteran of the Civil war, enlisting as a private in the Sixty-eighth Ohio Infantry. He was wounded in action and was invalided home, but after recovering reenlisted, joining the One Hundred and Sixty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, with which he served until the close of the war. The mother is now a resident of Toledo. Homer H. Heath, the only child in their family, attended the public schools of Whitehouse, Ohio, and the Broadway School of Toledo, also the preparatory school of Hiram College, and was graduated from that institution in 1899, with the A. B. degree. For four years he studied medicine under Dr. George W. Crile of Cleveland, Ohio, and in 1903 he was graduated from the Western Reserve University, receiving the degree of M. D. On the 6th of June, 1905, he began his professional career in Toledo and has since built up a large practice in surgery, confining himself to major operations. Since 1905 he has been a member of the staff of St. Vinoent's Hospital and in 1909 he became connected with the staff of the Flower Hospital. In 1913 he was made chief of staff at the Toledo Hospital and since January, 1922, he has served as chief of the surgical division of the Lucas County Hospital, while since 1920 he has been chief surgeon at the Maternity and Children's Hospital. He also has business interests, being a director and treasurer of the Whitehouse Stone Company. On the 1st of March, 1905, Dr. Heath was united in marriage to Miss Permelia Pray, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Pray of Waterville, Ohio, and they have two children : Catherine A., who was born June 21, 1907, and is a student at the Scott high school of this city and Frank L., who was born June 10, 1911, and is attending the Roosevelt school. Dr. Heath enlisted for service at the time of the Spanish-American war, join- TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 321 ing the Sixth United States Regulars, and was druggist at the Base Hospital at Fort Thomas, Kentucky. During the World war he was surgical supervisor of war industries and had charge of the United States nitrate plant hospital, which was erected under his direction. He is a Mason and is also a member of the Rotary Club, the Sylvania Golf Club, the Toledo Club and the Toledo Yacht Club, and belongs to the United Spanish War Veterans. He keeps in touch with the onward march of the profession through his identification with the Lucas County, Ohio State and American Medical Associations and is also a fellow of the American College of Surgeons. His life has ever been guided by high purposes and ideals and with the passing years he has steadily progressed until he now ranks with the foremost surgeons of Toledo. CLAUDE ALBERT PENNOYER Toledo is rapidly becoming one of the great manufacturing centers of the country, owing to its splendid transportation facilities, also to the fact that it is located in the heart of industrial America, and last, but not least, to the enterprise and public spirit of the men who control its commercial interests. In this connection particular mention should be made of Claude Albert Pennoyer, who is well known in business circles of the city as vice president and general manager of the Rollaway Motor Company, one of the leading productive industries of the Maumee valley. He was born in Sterling, Illinois, January 9, 1882, of the union of Arland and Mary (Abbott) Pennoyer, the former a native of. New York and the latter of Illinois, to which state the father removed in early life. He became identified with marine interests, serving as captain of packet steamers plying the Mississippi river, while for thirty-five years he acted as agent at Quincy for the St. Paul Packet Company. He is still active in business affairs and the mother also survives. In their family were two children : Claude Albert ; and George S., deceased. The public schools of Quincy, Illinois; and the Gem City Business College afforded Claude Albert Pennoyer his educational opportunities and on starting out in life independently he secured employment as clerk and purser on one of the steamers of the Diamond Joe line, operating between St. Louis, Missouri, and St. Paul, Minnesota. He next became agent for that line at Hannibal, Missouri, acting for five years in that capacity, and he then entered the service of the Liquid Carbonic Acid Gas Company of Chicago, which he represented as a traveling salesman for seven years. On the expiration of that period he went to Detroit, Michigan, as distributor for the Overland Motor Car Company and he also spent five years at Saginaw, Michigan, in that connection. In 1919 he came to Toledo and joined the Rollaway Motor Company, then engaged in making bicycle motors, while since December, 1921, they have also manufactured the Lokwel tilting and locking steering wheel, which is an innovation in the line of automobile accessories and has found instant favor with motorists throughout the country, owing to its great convenience, its durability and its security. They have secured the patent rights for this wheel, for which there is a growing demand, and are now far behind in filling their orders, which are coming to them from all sections of the United States. Their factory is modern and well equipped and they now employ from one hundred and fifty to two hundred men. Mr. Pennoyer is vice president and general manager of the company and has proven very capable in directing the labors of those under him. 322 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY He has succeeded in attaining a high degree of efficiency in the operation of the plant and is bending every effort toward the legitimate expansion of the business. At Quincy, Illinois, on the 21st of March, 1908, Mr. Pennoyer was married to Miss Helen Stewart, a daughter of Arthur Stewart of that city, and they have two children : Frances Harriet, who was born in Quincy in 1911 and is attending the Smead school of Toledo ; and Helen Elizabeth, whose birth occurred in Saginaw, Michigan, in 1917. Mr. Pennoyer reserves the right of voting according to the dictates of his judgment and is independent in his political views. He is a member of the Detroit Yacht Club and his fraternal connections are with the Masons and the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. His has been a life of diligence and determination, and success in substantial measure has crowned his efforts. He is energetic, straightforward and honorably ambitious and measures up to the highest standards of personal honor and present-day business ethics. ALBERT J. KRANZ Albert J. Kranz, one of the younger representatives of the Toledo bar, having been admitted to practice in 1917, has already attained a creditable place that many an older lawyer might well envy. He is a native. son of Toledo, born on the 12th of June, 1893, his parents being Peter J. and Helena Kranz, of whom mention is made elsewhere in this work. In the acquirement of his education he attended St. Mary's College and afterward continued his studies in the high school at Dayton, Ohio. He next entered the University of Michigan, in which he was a student in the years 1911, 1912 and 1913, after which he entered Notre Dame University, in which institution he pursued his law studies until graduated in 1917, with the LL. B. degree. The same year he was admitted to practice at the bar of Ohio, being licensed in the month of December, and since that time he has followed his profession in Toledo. Progress in the law is notably slow, yet Mr. Kranz is already well established in practice and is winning for himself a creditable name and place as a representative of the legal profession in his native city. He belongs to the Lucas County Bar Association and has many warm friends among its representatives. ALFRED BLACK KOCH Alfred Black Koch occupies a leading position in mercantile circles of Toledo as president of the Lasalle & Koch Company, being thus at the head of one of the largest department stores of Ohio and the middle west. His birth occurred in this city, on the 22d of December, 1884, his parents being Joseph and Hattie (Black) Koch, the former a native, of Germany who emigrated to the United States in 1859. In the acquirement of an education Alfred B. Koch attended the Central high school of Toledo, later entered the University School of Cleveland, from which he was graduated in 1903, and subsequently spent two years as a student in the University of Michigan. It was because of the death of his father that he left the last named institution at the end of his sophomore year and entered the service of the Lasalle & Koch Company, where he served in divers