250 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY Church of Sylvania. Services were held in the high school hall until 1851, when a house of worship was dedicated. Sylvania Township is the fourth in the county in population, being exceeded in that respect only by Oregon, Adams and Washington, in the order named. According to the census for 1920, the population was then 3,141, a gain of 921 since 1910. The township has over twenty miles of improved highway, eight school buildings valued at $90,000, and a large number of fine farms. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP The territory comprising the Township of Washington was originally included in Port Lawrence Township. On June 1, 1840, the county commissioners issued an order for the erection of a new township, to be called Washington, with the following boundaries : "On the north by the Harris line ; on the east by the line between ranges 7 and 8 east ; on the south by the city limits f Toledo ; thence by the city line to the southwest corner of said limits ; thence along the Fulton line to Springfield Township, and on the west by the townships of Springfield and Sylvania." These boundaries were subsequently modified so that a portion of Range 8 east was added to the township, while portions have been taken to form Adams Township and enlarge the corporate limits of the City of Toledo. It is now bounded on the north by the State of Michigan ; on the east by the Maumee Bay and the City of Toledo ; on the south by the City of Toledo and Adams Township, and on the west by the townships of Adams and Sylvania. Its area is about twenty-eight square miles, most of which has a fertile soil and is capable of cultivation. The Ottawa River, Shanty Creek and a few smaller streams afford fairly good drainage, which has been supplemented in places by artificial ditches. Pursuant to an order of the board of county commissioners, the first township election was held on June 27, 1840, at the house of Benjamin Mallett, at which time and place the following officers were chosen : Alvin Evans, Lyman Haughton and John Lambert, trustees ; Sanford L. Collins, clerk ; John Knaggs, treasurer; James Brown and Henry Mersereau, overseers of the poor ; Charles Evans, William Wilkinson and Erastus Williams, fence viewers ; Thomas Wilkinson, con-stable. The justices f the peace in Port Lawrence Township Continued to serve until 1845, when Lyman Haughton and Horace Thacher were elected. The township trustees held their first meeting on July 1, 1840, when the township was divided into eleven road districts, for which the following supervisors were appointed : No. 1, Adolphus J. Majors, who had previously served as constable in Sylvania Township; No. 2, George Dixon ; No. 3, William Tavernor ; No. 4, John W. Collins ; No. 5, Erastus Williams ; No. 6, Lyman Haughton ; No. 7, Daniel Brown ; No. 8, Alvin Evans ; No. 9, Noah A. Whitney ; No. 10, Eli Charter ; No. 11, Jasper Goodrich. Early Settlement—When the United States advertised for sale the Twelve Mile Square Reserve at the foot of the Maumee Rapids, attention was directed to the lower Maumee Valley as a place where fortunes might be made. Persons dissatisfied with their conditions in the older states, and anxious to better those conditions, were studying the maps f the region northwest f the Ohio River and several came to what is now Lucas County. One of the first settlers within the present TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 251 limits of Washington Township was Coleman I. Keeler, who came from New York in 1817. Sketches of Mr. Keeler and Sanford L. Collins, the first clerk f the township, have already been given in Chapter XVII. Others who came about the same time as Mr. Keeler were Eli Hubbard and William Sibley. Eli Hubbard was from Berkshire County, Massachusetts. He settled upon a tract of land that subsequently formed the east half of the Woodlawn Cemetery, just west of Ten-mile Creek and north of Central Avenue, in the City f Toledo. The land had not then been surveyed. His cabin was built on the old military road. After the land was surveyed he entered the northeast quarter of Section 23, Township 9, Range 7, (now on Lagrange Street). In 1836 he sold his farm to John Knaggs and removed to Sylvania Township, where he died in 1856, aged sixty-seven years. Mr. Hubbard was a man who took a commendable interest in public affairs. In 1837 he was elected county commissioner and served two terms. William Sibley came from Monroe County, New York, and settled on Half-way Creek, in the northern part of what is now Washington Township. As soon as the land office was opened at Monroe, Michigan, he entered land in Sections 14 and 15, Township 9, Range 7, now in West Toledo. In 1830 he sold his land to Peter Lewis and entered the northeast quarter f Section 21, same township and range. While living on the Half-way Creek he got into trouble with the Indians and re-ceived wounds from which he never completely recovered. He died in 1836, aged about sixty years. In April, 1820, Congress passed an act authorizing the sale of public lands at the uniform price of $1.25 per acre, cash, instead f $4.00 per acre, on credit, as had been the former custom. This had a tendency to stimulate immigration and settlement. Between the years 1820 and 1830 a number of families located in Washington Township. Among these were: Hiram Bartlett, Benjamin Mallett, John Phillips, Dexter Fisher and Noah A. Whitney. Much of the land was entered by speculators, who had no intention of becoming residents, and many of them never even saw the land they owned. They had employed agents to select the most promising tracts, hoping that the demand of actual settlers would be such as to yield them a substantial profit. Hiram Bartlett was a son-in-law of Dexter Fisher, with whom he came to Lucas County. In 1825, soon after his arrival, he bought from Daniel Murray in the southeast quarter of Section 35, Township 9, Range 7, now one of the most populous sections of Toledo. He improved the land, but in the fall of 1835 sold it to Andrew Palmer and removed to what is now Fulton County. Before this removal he was for several years clerk of Port Lawrence Township. His mother-in-law died soon after coming to Ohio and his father-in-law accompanied him to Fulton County, where both passed the remainder of their lives. Benjamin Mallett entered land in the northwestern part of the township in 1824. It was at his house that the first township election was held in 1840. For more than forty years he was identified with public affairs. He served for seventeen years as township treasurer and was for eight years one of the directors f the Lucas County Infirmary. John Phillips came from Onondaga County, New York, in 1825, accompanied by his wife, two sons and five daughters. He located on Section 22, Township 9, Range 7, the land he entered afterward being taken into Woodlawn Cemetery. This tract he conveyed to his older son, Philip I. Phillips, and with his second son, Henry, 252 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY purchased the northwest quarter of Section 23 from Thaddeus R. Austin. Henry Phillips died in the fall of 1838, leaving a widow and one child. John Phillips died in 1849, while on a visit to one of his daughters in Indiana, and Philip became the owner of all the prOperty. In 1854 he laid off a large part f the farm into lots, which was the beginning of West Toledo. Philip I. Phillips died in 1879. Noah A. Whitney, with his family of five sons and five daughters, left Onondaga County, New York, in the fall of 1822 and went to Detroit. Mr. Whitney was interested in iron manufacture and was attracted to Detroit by reports of rich deposits of iron ore in Southern Michigan. After spending some time and a considerable sum of money in a vain search for a paying iron mine, he came to what is now Washington Township in 1824. He entered part of the southwest quarter of Section 26, lying between the present Bancrft Street and Delaware Avenue and immediately west of Collingwood Avenue, where he built a blockhouse, into which he moved his family. Two of his sons—Noah A., Jr., and Thomas P. also entered land in the vicinity. One daughter, Mary Rose, became the wife of Dr. J. V. D. Sutphen, arid Harriet married Sanford L. Collins. She was the last surviving member of the family. By 1832 a number of settlers located in the township, the most prominent of whom were : Alexander Barnard, Alvin Evans, Cyrus Fisher, Caleb Horton, Samuel Horton, Andrew Jacobs, David, Peter and William Lewis, Charles G. and Samuel J. Keeler, Abel Mattoon, Moody Mills, Christian, John and Joseph Roop, Milton and Noah A. Whitney, Jr. In the eastern part f the present township that portion included in Manhattan Township in 1840—lived Tibbles Baldwin, Francis Loveway, Joseph Trombley, Nicholas Guoin, the Navarres—Alexis, James, Robert and Peter—and William Wilkinson. A little later came John W. and Morgan L. Collins, William Tavernor and the Haughtons—Cyrus, Lyman, Marvin and Stephen—Horace Thacher, Thomas Secor and a few others. Villages—The old village of Tremainesville, which was once a rival of Toledo, was located in this township. Early in the fall of 1829 Cyrus Fisher, a son of Dexter Fisher, married Catherine, daughter of John Phillips. Soon after his marriage he built a blockhouse on the northwest quarter of Section 23 (near the present intersection of Detroit and Collingwood avenues), having purchased the land from Moses G. Benjamin, f Otsego County, New York. When the building was completed he opened a tavern and store. This tavern was the only house of entertainment on the old United States road between Monroe and Maumee. There were at that time about fifteen hundred Indians living on the reservations on the north side of the Maumee River and the nearest trading post was the store of Hunt & Forsyth at Maumee. Mr. Fisher took a large part of the Indian trade from Hunt & Forsyth and he was also the postmaster at the only post office between Vienna, Michigan, and Maumee, the office being known as Port Lawrence. In the fall f 1832 Mr. Fisher sold out to Calvin Tremaine, who had recently come from Vermont, and who also succeeded to the position f postmaster. Not long after this change in ownership, the Port Lawrence post office was removed to the mouth f Swan Creek and the one that had been established at Fisher's store was changed to Tremainesville. About that time Townsend Bartlett, a brother of Hiram Bartlett, bought two acres of land from Henry Phillips, across the turnpike from Tremaine's store, and built a dwelling and wagon shop. In the fall of 1835 Mr. Tremaine sold his property, including his stock of goods, to Dr. J. V. D. Sutphen and removed to Sylvania, where he died soon afterward. TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 253 Sanford L. Collins was appointed postmaster at Tremainesville when Mr. Tremaine sold out, but the mail route was changed to follow the Maumee River from Maumee to Manhattan and the Tremainesville office was soon afterward discontinued. Mr.. Collins and Stephen B. Comstock had purchased a portion of the land owned by Ebenezer Burgess, in Section 22, in the fall f 1832. Mr. Comstock sold his interest to Lewis Godard, f Detroit, who in turn sold to John W. Col-lins, a brother of Sanford L. Then a third brother, Morgan L., became a partner and the business was carried on under the firm name of S. L. Collins & Company. In the fall of 1834 these brothers built a tavern at the junction of the turnpike and the Manhattan road. At that time Tremainesville boasted two stores, two taverns a blacksmith and wagon shop, a tailor shop, a shoe shop and several dwellings. In 1837 the Collins brothers sold out to Horace Thacher and Michael T. Whitney. Then the Indians left the country, business was attracted to the Miami & Wabash Canal, and Tremainesville gradually disappeared. Modern maps show a road coming into Toledo from the northwest, which strikes the city limits at Sylvania Avenue and is called the "Tremainesville Road." A station on the Toledo & Western Electric Railway near that point is called "Tremainesville Corners." These names are all that is left as reminders f a once promising town. Near the northern border of the township is the little hamlet of Alexis. It is at the junction f the New York Central and the Ann Arbor railroads, and the Detroit & Toledo Electric, line. Alexis has never been officially platted a's a town and consists only f the railroad buildings, a general store and a few scattering residences. On the Toledo & Western Electric Railway, in the northwest corner of the township, is the village of Trilby. It is a small place, has one general store and a new modern public school building, but it is practically a part of the City of Toledo. Auburndale, south of Woodlawn Cemetery and west of the New York Central Railroad, was platted by Amasa Bishop in the fall of 1873. It is now within the city limits. Washington leads the townships of Lucas County in the number of public schools, miles of improved highway and population. It has nine public school buildings valued at $300,000, thirty-six miles of modern highway, and according to the United States census for 1920 the population then was 8,440, an increase of 3,642 since 1910. WATERVILLE TOWNSHIP The Township f Waterville is four years older than Lucas County. It was established by the county commissioners of Wood County early in the year 1831 from part of Waynesfield Township. Several changes in boundaries have since been made, reducing the township to an area of about twenty-four square miles. On the north it is bounded by Monclova and Swanton townships on the east and southeast by the Maumee River, which separates it from Wood County on the south by the Maumee River and Providence Township, and on the west by the townships of Providence and Swanton. When the township was erected, the commissioners directed that the first election should be held on the first Monday in April, 1831. Accordingly, on April 4, 254 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY 1831, James C. Adams, Jonas Cleveland and William Meeker were elected trustees ; Ralph Farnsworth, clerk ; George W. Evans, treasurer ; Jeremiah Johnson and Willard Gunn, overseers of the poor ; Jacob Eberly and Richard Gunn, fence viewers ; Whitcomb Haskins and John Van Fleet, supervisors of highways. At a second election held on June 21, 1831, Daniel Lakins and John Van Fleet were elected justices f the peace. Settlement—For many years before the actual settlement of the Maumee Valley commenced, the river was a favorite resort of the Indians for hunting and fishing. In the vicinity of the Rapids they were accustomed to meet wandering traders and agents of the fur companies, some of whom established temporary residence among and intermarried with the natives. The first permanent settler in what is now Waterville Township, was Isaac Richardson, who located near the river about a mile above the present Village of Waterville, on what afterward became known as the "Roche de Boeuf Farm." His first house there, a small log cabin, was built in the spring f 1814.. Two years later he built a large double log house which he opened as a hotel or tavern—the first in that section of the country. Mr. Richardson conducted this hotel until his death on July 22, 1830, when he was shot and instantly killed by George Porter. On that date Mr. Richardson was sitting on the porch in front f the hotel, talking to a guest. Porter, who was something of a notorious character, had a grudge against the proprietor of the hotel. Armed with a shotgun, he approached the hotel from the rear and as soon as he turned the corner discharged the contents of the gun into Mr. Richardson's head. The guest, who was struck by a few f the shot, recognized Porter, who was arrested the next day. He admitted the killing and was hanged at Perrysburg the following spring. This was the first legal execution in Northwestern Ohio. Not far from where Mr. Richardson built his hotel could be seen for many years the remains of an Indian burial mound, which was first opened in 1833 and found to contain a great number of human skeletons, as well as relics, such as weapons, ornaments, etc. The history of this mound is given in the "Legend of Roche de Boeuf," as told by Peter Manor to Henry W. Howe and published in his "Historical Collections of Ohio," to wit : "At the time when the plum, thorn-apple and wild grape were the only products, long before the advent of the pale-faces, the Ottawa were camped here, engaged in their games and pastimes, as was usual when not clad in war paint and on the lookout for an enemy. One of the young scions of the tribe, engaged in playing on the Roche de Boeuf, fell over the precipice and was instantly killed. The dusky husband, on his return from the council fires, was informed of the fate of his prospective successor and at once sent the mother in search of her papoose by pushing her over the rocky sides into the shallow waters of the Maumee. Her next of kin, according to Indian law, executed the murdering husband, and was in turn executed in the same manner, and so on, until the frantic passions were checked by the arrival of the principal chiefs of the tribe. This sudden outburst cost the tribe nearly two-thirds of its members, whose bodies were taken from the river and buried with full Indian honors the next day." It was in the mound above referred to that these Indians were buried. After 1833 many relic hunters visited the place and carried away bones and implements. The mound has been reduced to the level of the surrounding surface by the plow TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 255 of the husbandman and the legend of the rock has been almost forgotten. It was near the Roche de Boeuf (Bull Rock, or Rock of the Bull) that Gen. Anthony Wayne built Fort Deposit, which was completed on August 18, 1794, and near that point. two days later began the battle of Fallen Timbers, continuing down the river to Fort Miami. For about two years Isaac Richardson was the only permanent resident. In 1816 the Underwoods—Gilbert, Milton and. Solomon—settled near Mr. Richard-son. All three died of "Swamp Fever" in 1819. The Adams family settled in the northern part in 1817 and the next year John Pray and Orson Ballou located near the present Village of Waterville. Mr. Pray was one of the most active of the pioneers. In 1821 he built a mill on Granger Island, which he purchased from the United States and evicted a squatter named Granger, from whom the island takes its name. Before this mill was built, the nearest place where the settlers could get their corn ground was at Monroe, Michigan. About three years before Mr. Pray built his mill, John E. Hunt and one of the Adams family built what became known as the "Old Red Ox Mill," about a mile and a half from the Maumee River. It derived its name from the fact that its clapboards were painted a dull red and the motive power was supplied by oxen. The meal turned out was not suitable for making bread, but for some time the mill was operated as a feed mill. It was in this building that the first school in the township was taught by Hiram P. Barlow in 1825. Orson Ballou, who came the same year as Mr. Pray, was elected constable in 1833 and at the time of the "Boundary War" held the rank f major in the Ohio forces. Two of his sons served in, the Union army in the Civil war. Oscar W. was in Company I, Fourteenth Ohio Infantry, and Orson G. was a lieutenant in the One Hundredth Ohio Infantry. He was captured and died in Libby prison at Richmond, Virginia. After the war Oscar W. Ballou was somewhat active in politics as a Democrat and held several local offices. He sank the first successful gas well in the township in the summer of 1887. Other early settlers were Artemus Underwood, Hiram P. Barlow, John Van Fleet, Lyman Dudley, Martin Gunn, John Pettinger, David Robins and the township officers previously mentioned. Villages—There are three villages in Waterville Township--Waterville, White-house and Neowash. In February, 1830, John Pray laid out the Village of Waterville, opposite what was then known as "Pray's Falls" in the Maumee River. That spring he removed his mill from Granger's Island to the new village, improved it and built a sawmill in connection. He had built a hotel on the village site two years before the plat was filed. Soon after the village was laid out Lyman Dudley opened a hotel which he called the Wabash House. John Pettinger started in business as a blacksmith and a little later John Pray established a distillery. He was also the first postmaster. Waterville was incorporated in March, 1882. It is in the southeastern part of the township, on the Maumee River and the Toledo, St. Louis & Western Railroad. The Ohio Electric Railway also passes through the village. The population in 1920 was 779. The village has a number of mercantile houses, a modern public school building, a Masonic lodge was instituted in 1879, Methodist and Presbyterian churches were established at an early date and the German Lutheran Church was organized soon after the Civil war. Rev. Elam 256 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY Day was the first pastor of the Methodist Church and the first Presbyterian minister was Rev. Benjamin Woodbury. Whitehouse, in the northwestern part of the township, was laid out in 1854 and was named for Edward Whitehouse, of New York, at that time a director in the Wabash Railroad Company. The plat was recorded on June 20, 1854, and the village was incorporated in 1867. A sort of neighborhood center had developed there several years before the official plat was made. A Methodist Protestant Church was organized in 1846, Rev. John Foster being the first pastor. The completion of the Wabash Railroad in 1855 stimulated the growth f the village. A post office was established in 1858, with Alexander Walp as postmaster. At that time the principal business enterprises were the general store of A. J. Eldredge and Michael Goodman's blacksmith shop. The Methodists erected a new church edifice in 1872 ; a fine public school building was erected in 1877 ; John Stoker opened the first hotel in 1874 ; Myers & Stone built a feed mill in 1881, and a bank was established in 1904. Other business concerns have grown up until Whitehouse is one of the active commercial villages of tine county. Its population in 1920 was 513. Neowash, on the Toledo, St. Louis & Western Railroad, in the southern part, grew up after the railroad was built, but no regular plat f the village has ever been recorded. It is a trading and shipping point for the people living in that section f the county. The population of Waterville Township in 1920 was 1,968: WAYNESFIELD TOWNSHIP This is the oldest township in Lucas County. It was created by an act f the Ohio Legislature approved on December 30, 1817, and was the first civil township to be erected in the State f Ohio north of the Maumee River. The name was adopted in honor f Gen. Anthony Wayne and the "field" where he won his decisive victory over the British and Indians on August 20, 1794. When created it was attached to Logan County. When Wood County was created in 1820 it became a part of that county, and in 1835 it was made a part of Lucas County. From the time f its erection in 1817, several changes have been made in the boundaries. Waterville was cut off from it in 1831, hence at the time Lucas County was created in 1835, it consisted of the three organized townships of Port Lawrence, Waynesfield and Waterville. Waynesfield contributed territory to the surrounding townships of Adams, Monclova and Springfield so that it is now the smallest township in Lucas County, its area being coextensive with the corporate limits of Maumee Village. On the north it is bounded by Adams Township; on the east, southeast and south by the Maumee River, and on the west by the Township of Monclova. Early Settlers—The first settlement in Lucas County was made at Maumee, within the present limits of Waynesfield Township. As early as 1810 a post office was established where the City of Maumee now stands and Amos Spafford was appointed postmaster. His commission was dated June 9, 1810. This was the first post office in Ohio north of the Maumee River and the first post office between Monroe, Michigan, and Chicago. Among those who settled there about that time were : Oliver A. Armstrong, George Blalock, James Carlin, William Carter, Thomas Dick, The Owings, Ambrose Hickox, Daniel Hull, William Peters, TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 257 Jesse Skinner, James Slawson and some others. In January, 1812, Amos Spafford wrote to Governor Meigs that "about fifty families" were settled near the Rapids. After the War of 1812 was over, new settlers began coming into the Maumee Valley. Most of these new arrivals sought a location near the foot of the Rapids. The preference shown for that particular locality brought to the scene a number of speculators, who saw that a growing population would increase the price of land, and several towns were projected. One of the oldest of these was Orleans, which was laid out on the river flats, directly under Fort Meigs. The early residents of this town were chiefly French Canadians. For several years after the war, the principal business was the fur trade, which was carried on by John E. Hunt, Robert A. Forsyth, John and Frank Hollister and James Wolcott, whose wife was a daughter of Capt. William Wells and a niece of the famous Miami chief, Little Turtle. Other prominent citizens of Orleans were: Seneca Allen, William Ewing, Aurora and Samuel Spafford, General Vance, David, Jacob, James and Samuel Wilkinson and James Murray. Jacob Wilkinson kept a tavern, which served as a meeting place for the discussion and settlement of questions pertaining to town affairs. In 1816 the United States sent an agent to the lower Maumee Valley to select a site best adapted for commercial purposes and lay out a town. After examining both banks of the Maumee from the mouth to the Rapids, this agent selected the high ground on the right bank, just below Fort Meigs, which place he reported as the "head of navigation." A town was laid out and Josiah Meigs, then comptroller of the United States treasury, gave it the name of Perrysburg, in honor of Commodore Perry, the hero of the naval battle on Lake Erie in September, 1813. The fact that Perrysburg had the favor and support of the Federal Government gave it an advantage over neighboring settlements. The Hollisters removed their trading house to Perrysburg, which was made the county seat of Wood County in 1823, and Orleans disappeared. Accounts differ as to when and by whom Maumee was started as a village. Waggoner's "History of Toledo" (p. 921) says : "The first record made at the recorder's office of Wood County related to lands in Waynesfield Township and consisted of the plat of Maumee City prepared by A. I. Wheeler for John E. Hunt in August, 1818. It contained 109 lots 75 by 132 feet. Of these, three lots at the southwest corner of Conant and Detroit streets were set apart for public ground ; and two at the northwest corner of Gibbs and Detroit streets were set apart for church and school purposes. The plat was acknowledged before Seneca Allen, justice of the peace for the County of Logan. Mr. Allen then resided at Orleans, below the site of Fort Meigs." Scribner's "History of Toledo and Lucas County" (p. 77), says : "Maumee City was laid out under the name of Maumee in 1817, by Maj. William Oliver and his associates, opposite Perrysburg and Fort Meigs. The site of the town is within the reservation of twelve miles square made by the Treaty of Greenville, and only a short distance above the place where the old French fort of 1680 had been located. The fact that this point had always been a favorite spot with the Indians led the founders to believe that they could control the fur trade of this section. Maumee contributed in no small degree to the downfall of Orleans. Hunt & Forsyth removed their business to the former place and among the pioneers 258 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY here in 1818 were Jonathan Gibbs, James Carlin, Dr. Horatio Conant and a Frenchman named Pelkee, all f whom were active in promoting the interests of the new town. Despite the fact that Perrysburg was fostered by the national government, Maumee City has held its own and is still one of the thriving towns f the lower Maumee Valley." The records in the auditor's office of Lucas County show that the plat of Maumee was recorded on March 18, 1825. As Lucas County was not then in existence, the date most likely refers to the time when the plat was recorded in Wood County. There may be some truth in each of these apparently conflicting accounts. William Oliver and his associates may have projected a town on the site of Maumee in 1817 ; John E. Hunt probably did acknowledge his plat before Seneca Allen in 1818 ; and that plat may have been the one recorded in 1825. Or it may be that a new plat was filed in 1825 and the old one discarded. However this may be, it is certain that the first meeting f the county commissioners of Wood County was held at Almon Gibbs' store in Maumee on April 12, 1820, Maumee being at that time the county seat. Even after the county seat of Wood was removed to Perrysburg, in March, 1823, Maumee continued to grow and prosper. In 1840 it was made the county seat of Lucas County and retained that honor for about twelve years. Maumee City was incorporated in March, 1838, the first election being held on the 26th of that month. Robert A. Forsyth and John E. Hunt, who had been partners in the Indian trade, were the opposing candidates for mayor and the former was elected by a vote of 117 to 56. The articles of incorporation divided the city into three wards, from which the following councilmen were chosen: First—Daniel Cook, Robert A. Forsyth, William Kingsbury and William St. Clair. Second—Levi Beebe, Daniel R. Stebbins, James Wolcott and T. T. Woodruff. Third—Joseph J. Bingham, George Kirtland, George B. Knaggs and J. Austin Scott. Robert Gower, Ira White and Amos Pratt were elected assessors for the three wards, respectively. Three days after the election the council held its first meeting. James Wolcott was elected president f the council ; Henry Reed, Jr., recorder ; Daniel Cook, treasurer ; F. E. Kirtland, marshal. In 1871, by vote of the citizens, the name was changed to South Toledo. In July, 1887, the name was changed back to Maumee, the word "City" being dropped, though the city organization was retained. Business Directory—On March 25, 1837, about a year before the city was incorporated, Henry Reed, Jr., issued the first number of the "Maumee Express." In one of the early issues Mr. Reed published a business directory of Maumee. It showed five attorneys, two physicians, six firms of forwarding and commission merchants, eleven general stores, one clothing store, six groceries, two tailors, a bakery, a carriage and wagon shop, two chair factories, four hotels, one jewelry store, one printing establishment and a planing mill. The next year the Maumee City Insurance Company Bank was established. The business interests of Maumee were at that time probably greater than those of Toledo. Churches—The Presbyterian Church at Maumee was organized in 1820. At the semicentennial celebration in January, 1870, one of the original members was present in the person of Dr. Horatio Conant. This is the oldest church in Waynesfield Township. A Methodist class was organized in 1834 at the residence of James Jackson, who TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 259 had come to Maumee in 1831 as an Indian agent, appointed by President Jackson. Services had been held prior to that time by itinerant Methodist ministers, among whom were Rev. E. C. Gavitt and Rev. E. H. Pilcher. The latter became the first pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church f Maumee when it was organized in the fall of 1834. Rev. Armedeus Rappe conducted the first Catholic services in the town after it was platted and a little later organized St. Joseph's Church. St. Paul's Episcopal Church was organized in the early '30s. In 1838 Levi Beebe, who had just been one f the city councilmen, wrote to his son-in-law, Elizur Fairman, in New York State, that the Episcopal Church "at the upper end of town" and the Methodist Church were almost completed, and that the Presbyterian Church, of which the writer was a member, expected a Rev. Mr. Reed, then at Tiffin, to become its pastor. A Lutheran Church was organized at a later date and the Baptists also had a society here at one time, but it finally went down. The first parsonage was built by the Methodists in 1844. Transportation—In June, 1837, the "Express" announced that the steamboat "General Wayne," Capt. H. C. Williams, would leave the head of the Rapids "every day at 1 P. M. for the foot of Flat Rock, where there will be coaches and teams to convey passengers to Defiance." By this means passengers leaving Maumee could arrive at Defiance the same day. The "General Wayne" left Flat Rock at 6 A. M. for the return trip and was met at the head of the Rapids at noon by coaches for Maumee and Perrysburg. The announcement was also made that a barge "fitted up for passengers and freight" left Defiance every Friday for Fort Wayne, making the trip in three days. The completion of the Wabash & Erie Canal and the Miami and Erie Canal caused the "General Wayne," the coach lines and the barge to suspend operations, just as some fifteen years later the Wabash Railroad put the canals out of commission. Maumee today is well provided with transportation facilities, the Wabash Railroad, the Toledo, St. Louis & Western and the Ohio Electric Railway all touching the village. In 1920 Maumee reported a population of 3,195, a gain of 888 in the preceding ten years. It has a modern system of waterworks, the supply coming from deep driven wells, two banks, three public school buildings valued at $150,000, electric light furnished by the Defiance Gas and Electric Company, several handsome church edifices, lodges of the leading fraternal societies, a public library, a paper mill, a window glass factory, the fair grounds of the Lucas County Fair Association, a broom factory and a number of well-stocked mercantile concerns. Besides the railroads above mentioned, the electric lines of the Toledo, Bowling Green & Southern and the Maumee Valley Company are within "bus line" connection with Maumee. CHAPTER XVII BEGINNING OF TOLEDO SALE OF THE MILITARY RESERVATION-COMPETING COMPANIES -PORT LAWRENCE- FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES-THE NEW PORT LAWRENCE-VISTULA- RIVAL VILLAGES-CONSOLIDATION-SELECTING A NAME -"TOLEDO"-THE POST OFFICE-TOLEDO IN 1834-35 ---A FEW FIRST THINGS-PROMINENT PIONEERS- BENJAMIN F. STICKNEY -COLEMAN I. KEELER-THE BALDWINS-SANFORD L. COLLINS-ANDREW PALMER-OTHER NAM ES PROMINENT IN EARLY HISTORY. Toledo came into existence as the result of an act uf Congress, approved by President Madison on April 27, 1816, authorizing the sale of the twelve-mile-square reservation at the foot. Of the Maumee Rapids. This tract of land was granted to the United States by the Indians in the Treaty of Greenville, August 3, 1795, for military purposes. Fort Meigs was built within its limits in February, 1813. After the War of 1812, when it became apparent that the Indian lands in Northwestern Ohio would be opened to settlers, and that the reservation would no longer be needed as a site for a military post, Fort Meigs was abandoned and Congress ordered the land to be sold. at public auction at Wooster, Ohio, in February, 1817. The northeast corner of this reservation was near the north end of the present Cherry Street bridge over the Maumee River. Its northern boundary line is represented by Dorr Street and its eastern boundary line by Mendota Street. Prior to the day of sale the reservation was divided into tracts of different sizes by Government surveyors. It needs the advice of the map which has been prepared for this history to fully conceive the original topography of the city of Toledo. A more unfavorable location from the standpoint of solid footing is seldom found. The locators of the rival villages afterwards merged into the city, Port Lawrence, Vistula and Manhattan, must have been men of sanguine temperaments and of unusual powers of vision to have been justified in attempting what was afterwards accomplished. From the mouth of Swan Creek to the Bay on each side of the river and extending on the north to Ten Mile Creek or Ottawa River and on the south for miles were networks of bayous, sluggish creeks and stagnant ponds, separated by mounds of sand 4nd at places by steep bluffs of clay. Mostly, for more than a hundred square miles, the land was marshy and difficult f traversing except in canoes, and was very heavily timbered. Where the courthouse now stands was a large pond, with marshy sides, through which ran, paralleling the river, a sluggish creek, with an extra mouth to the south, into the river along the present line of Adams Street. Even after the canal was constructed, the safest footway to Manhattan was along the berme bank. Several arms extended southward into marshes from Ottawa River, the principal one, of which vestiges yet remain, located between Lagrange - 261 - 262 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY and Collingwood Avenues, crossing the upper end of Cherry and extending as far south as Kenilworth. Some vestiges of the old conditions are also seen in the alley-ways between Summit and St. Clair streets. Two companies were formed for bidding in the land near the foot of the Rapids, with a view to establishing a town. One of these, known as the "Baum Company," was composed of Martin Baum, William Barr, Jacob Burnet, Jesse Hunt, Andrew Mack, William Oliver and William C. Schenck. The other, called the "Piatt Company," consisted of John H. and Robert Piatt, Gorham C. North and William Worthington. Both companies had representatives at Wooster on the day of sale, under instructions to purchase the lands about the mouth of Swan Creek. To avoid competition in bidding, they agreed that certain tracts should be purchased in common. The result was that tracts Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4, on the north side of the river, were bid off by the agents of the Piatt Company, while tracts Nos. 86 and 87, on the south side of the river opposite the mouth of Swan Creek, were bid off by William Oliver, of the Baum Company. Waggoner, in his "History of Toledo and Lucas County" (p. 370) says that the quantity of land purchased was 974 acres, and that the average price per acre was $48.12 1/2 . His itemized statement on the same page does not agree with this general statement, either as to the number of acres purchased or the average price per acre, to wit :