TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 325 us we will give you an answer. But it is our way to be very short. Our white brothers, when they make speeches, are very lengthy. They read and write so much they get in a great many little things. . . . Brother, we understand that you are sent out here by the Great Spirit and by his good people, who live in one of the sixteen fires. We believe you have not come alone, or of your own accord, but that you are sent out here, as you say, by the Great Spirit and by some of his great black gowns and great men who make laws. . . . . We understand that you have come to teach us and our children how to worship the Great Spirit and what we must do to please Him, and' be happy in this world and in the world to come. We under-stand that you want to have us raise plenty of corn and wheat, horses and cattle, and all other things and creatures that you raise, and that you want us to live like the people who wear hats. And we believe that you and the great fathers that sent you, wish to do us all the good you can ; that you want to make us happy, not only here but in the world to come. Brother, we know that you spoke true when you told us that our game was growing scarce, and that it would soon be so that we could not live by hunting as we used to. . . . Now, brother, if you and your great black gowns and chiefs want to help us and make us happy, why don't you stop your people from settling so near us ? If you would do this, we might have game enough and do very well. Brother, we know that it is all true what you say about the stuff the white people make, which we love so well. We know that it makes us foolish and quarrelsome, and poor, and that it destroys us, and has greatly diminished our number ; that we used to be much happier before it came among us, and that it would be much better for us to be entirely without it. White people know how to make it ; Indians don't know how to make it, and have nothing to make it of. If your people did not make it and bring it to us, we should not have it, and if we did not see it, we should not care anything about it. Brother, since it is so, why don't you stop your people from bringing it among us ? If you would do this, then perhaps you might get us to come and live together in one village, so that you might have an opportunity to instruct us and do us good. "Brother, what you have said to us is all true, but we would not wish to steal the good words or keep them to ourselves. We understand that you were sent out to travel around and visit the Indians in order to find out their minds respecting this business. You have seen but a few Indians yet. There are a great many that live away back of us. If you was to go and see them all, it would take you two or three years. We think you ought to go and talk with them all and see what they think of it. And if they will agree to have black gowns, we will agree to have one too. This is all the red 'brothers have to say to you." Although Mr. Bacon was courteously received and respectfully treated by the Indians on the Maumee, the reply of Little Otter convinced him that it would be almost impossible to establish a permanent mission there. After a brief stay he abandoned the undertaking and went on to Mackinaw. He knew that he would be unable to stop the sale of whisky to the Indians and unless he could do that his missionary efforts were doomed to failure. Within thirty-five years after his visit only a small remnant of the Ottawa tribe had escaped the ravages of strong drink and that remnant was removed to a reservation west of the Mississippi River. Early in June, 1805, Rev. Joseph Badger, of Wyndham, Massachusetts, accepted an appointment as missionary to the Wyandot Indians. On the 10th of that month he left Cleveland in company with Captain Parish and a Mr. Knaggs, who were to 326 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY act as interpreters at a council to be held with the Indians at Fort Industry on the 4th of July. Mr. Badger was present when the Treaty of Fort Industry was concluded and was encouraged in his missionary work by Mr. Jewett, Government agent and commissioner f the Connecticut Fire Lands Company. He lived among the Indians for about five years and succeeded in persuading many of them to give up the practice of drinking intoxicating liquors. He traveled on horseback over a wide field and was received everywhere with respect. As long as he was among the Indians they listened to his teachings, but after his departure they soon reverted to their old habits. One of the most prominent and successful of the early missionaries was Rev. Isaac Van Tassel. He was born at Durham, New York, in 1791, and at an early age entered the ministry. In 1821 he located at Ashtabula, Ohio, where in September, 1822, he married Miss Lucia Badger, daughter of the Rev. Joseph Badger above mentioned. Just before his marriage he was appointed to the Maumee Mission by the Western Missionary Society of Pittsburgh. On October 27, 1822, he and his wife landed at Maumee and proceeded to the mission house, located nine miles up the river. This building, which had been erected by the society, was a log structure, sixteen feet wide and sixty feet long. In a short time they were joined by Rev. Alvah Coe and wife ; Rev. Samuel Tate, wife and son; Leander Sackett and wife ; John McPherrin, Miss Sabina Stevens, Miss Hannah Riggs and a Mr. Straight, so that the mission family numbered thirteen persons. Mr. Sackett was to conduct the farm of 240 acres, Mr. McPherrin was a carpenter, Mr. Straight was a blacksmith, and the Misses Stevens and Riggs were teachers. About thirty Indian children were enrolled as pupils, the object being to reach the young people by instructing them in the English language, rather than attempt to reach the older members f the tribe through an interpreter. Religious services were held regularly and the missionaries reported the conversion of several adults. The work was hindered by the traders, whose traffic with the Indians yielded greater profits when there were no missionaries to interfere with. their methods. Some of the mission buildings were standing fifty years after the mission was abandoned. After the Indians were removed west of the Mississippi and the white people began to settle the country, regular churches were organized. In fact, a few churches were established before the last of the Indians disappeared from Northwestern Ohio. As already stated, it would be impracticable to attempt to do more than make brief mention f the numerous church organizations that are now or have been established in Toledo. For convenience the denominations have been arranged in alphabetical order, beginning with THE BAPTISTS About the middle of June, 1853, a few members f the Baptist Church living in Toledo met at the house of Henry J. Hayes, on St. Clair Street, near Jefferson, and took the preliminary steps toward organizing a church. A few weeks later Rev. Edward F. Platt, of New York, on his way to Minnesota, stopped at Toledo and on July 6, 1853, held services at the house of Dr. William C. Scott. At that meeting the First Baptist Church of Toledo was organized, on condition that the state convention and the Home Missionary Society each contribute a certain sum annually towards the support of the enterprise. On the last day of October the church organ- TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 327 ization was completed, with the following charter members : William Baker, Mrs. S. Blodgett, Mrs. Amanda Farley, Benjamin Farley, Mrs. Clarissa Flint, J. E. Franklin, Mrs. Minerva Freeman, W. S. Grow, S. G. Harvey, Henry J. Hayes, M. E. Hayes, Dr. Lewis Pagin, Mrs. Margaret Pfanner, Rev. Edward F. Platt, Dr. William C. Scott, Elizabeth Scott, Miss Clarissa Shaw, Miss Harriet Shumway, Miss Mary West and Ransom Wilkinson. Rev. Edward F. Platt was the first pastor. During the winter a number of persons united with the church and on March 15, 1854, Dr. William C. Scott, Henry J. Hayes, Charles A. King, William Baker and H. L. Hosmer were chosen trustees. Meetings were held in Union Hall, on Summit Street, or in the Congregational Church. Soon after the trustees were elected they purchased a lot on Huron Street, near Cherry, and the First Baptist Church erected thereon was dedicated on December 9, 1855. In the spring of 1922 the pastor of this church was Rev. Albert K. Morris. The Second Baptist Church grew out of an undenominational movement started in 1861. On Sunday, January 10, 1864, the society was reorganized as the Second Baptist Church. Early in 1866 Rev. S. G. Dawson dedicated a brick house of worship on the corner of Fourth and Victor streets, East Toledo. The original members of this church were : Amos W. Crane, Mrs. Gabriel Crane, Rev. S. G. Dawson (pastor), Mrs. Anna M. Dawson, Mrs. Charles Jennison, Miss Louisa Jennison, Mrs. Louisa Jennison, Henry L. Phelps, Mrs. Louisa Phelps, George 'W. Wales, Mrs. Caroline Wales. Some years later a site was purchased at the corner of Main and Greenwood streets and a handsome edifice of Sandusky stone was erected, having a seating capacity of 1,200. Rev. L. B. Stivers was pastor of this church in the spring of 1922. In 1853 Oliver M. Brown organized a Union Sunday School in East Toledo, of which he was superintendent until the breaking out of the Civil war in 1861, when he entered the army. Henry L. Phelps was then superintendent until 1868. In the meantime a church was organized, under the name of the East Toledo Baptist Church, and a chapel was built at the corner of Oak and Fort (now Hathaway) streets. On March 3, 1885, the. name was changed to the Memorial Baptist Church, in recognition of the work done by Rev. S. G. Dawson before he resigned to become superintendent of missions under the Ohio Baptist State Convention. The pastor of this church in June, 1922, was Rev. H. D. Warnock. Oliver Place Baptist Church is the outgrowth of what was originally known as the Fifth Ward Mission, which was established in October, 1868, by Rev. P. P. Farnham and a few members of the First Baptist Church. Meetings were at first held in a room on St. Clair Street, near Logan. In April, 1869, Mr. Farnham left Toledo and the school, or mission, was continued under the auspices f the First Church until the summer of 1871. On June 9, 1872, this work culminated in the organization of the Oliver Place Baptist Church, with Rev. 'William Sheridan as pastor. Soon after the organization a lot on the corner f Segur Avenue and Carroll Place was purchased and a comfortable house of worship was erected. At the begin-ning of 1922, the pastor of this church was Rev. E. H. Lane. At a meeting of the First Baptist Church on December 5, 1886, letters of dis-missal were granted to sixty-two members of that congregation, to enable them to organize what has since become the Ashland Avenue Baptist Church. Before the week was out the organization was perfected and on December 13, 1886, the follow- 328 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY ing officers were elected : Charles T. Lewis, C. N. D. Meade, F. G. Roulet and Alfred Wilkin, deacons ; Irvin Beltreaurerer;George B. Hull, trea.urer ; Dr. J. M. Bessey, J. D. R. Lamson and Isaac D. Smead, trustees. Rev. Emery W. Hunt was the first pastor. The church buildif is located at the corner of Ashland and Woodruff avenues and since 1910 Rev. Harry W. Vincen has officiated as pastor. In October, 1861, H. L. Sargent, H. L. Phelps, W. E. Parmelee, D. A. Waterman and a few others organized the North Mission School. Four years later it was reorganized as the Sargent Baptist Mission. A small chapel was erected, in which services were held, somewhat irregularly, for over thirty years. On January 11, 1897, nineteen persons met in this chapel and organized the Riverside Baptist Church. The first house of worship was on Ontario Street, near Buckeye, but after several years there the present church, 1850 Superior Street was erected. In June, 1922, Rev. George W. Bates was pastor. Since the beginning of the present century several Baptist churches have been organized, to wit : Delfare Avenue, at the corner of Delaware and Lawrence avenues, a branch of the Ashland Avenue Church ; Emanuel, at the intersection of Detroit and Oakwood avenues ; Lagrange Street, at the corner of Lagrange and Moore streets ; Macedonia, on Yondota Street ; True Vine, 3118 Pomeroy Street ; St. Paul's, 451 Tecumseh Street. The Third Baptist Church, 1109 Division Street ; Friendship, on Tenth Street ; and St. Paul's, 949 Howard Street, are colored congregations. CHRISTIAN CHURCH The Chrftian Church, or Disciples of Christ, is represented in Toledo by five societies. Of these the Central Christian Church, located on Eleventh Street, between Madison and Jefferson avenues, is the oldest. It was organized in September, 1872, with Rev. F. M. Green as pastor. In 1922 the membership was about one thousand and Rev. Grant W. Speer occupied the pulpit. The church building cost $60,000. As in the case of other denominations, missions branched off from this parent organization and in time became self supporting. As a result four other Christian churches came into existence. Norwood Avenue Christian Church, corner of Norwood Avenue and Ewing Street, was the second congregation of this faith to be organized in the city. It was established on October 11, 1889, under the pastorate of Rev. J. L. McDonald. A little later a $20,000 house of worship was erected, which has since been remodeled and enlarged. In the spring of 1922 Rev. U. Radcliffe was pastor. The South Church of Christ, located on Stebbins Street, near Broadway, was organized in January, 1899, by Rev. C. W. Huffer and when ten years old numbered 225 members. The church property then was valued at $25,000. The pastor of this church in the spring of 1922 was Rev. B. C. Hibler. In January, 1901, the East Side Christian Church was organized by Rev. C. W. Huffer, who was the first pastor. This congregatif owns a comfortable house of worship at the corner of Forsyth and Woodville streets and in the spring of 1922 was under the pastoral care of Rev. L. A. Warren. Bethany Church, the youngest of this denomination, is located at the intersection of Central and Detroit avenues, in the western part of the city, with Rev. G. C. Neill as pastor in the spring of 1922. TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 329 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE There are two societies f the Christian Science Church, or, more properly speaking, of the Church f Christ Scientist, in Toledo. The First Church is located at the corner f Monroe Street and Lawrence Avenue and occupies a fine stone edifice. The Second Church, overflowing from the First, worshiped at first in the old Conservatory of Music, Collingwood Avenue, at the foot of Virginia. In 1921 was begun the construction of its fine church edifice of dressed limestone, to be completed early in 1923, and situated at the southeast corner of Collingwood and Bancroft. In this denomination there are no regularly ordained ministers. Lay readers are selected at stated times to lead the services. The First Church maintains a reading room in the Second National Bank building and the Second Church, in the Close building. These reading rooms are "down town" and are kept open at stated hours every day for the accommodation of Christian Scientists and others interested. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH What is now known as the First Congregational Church was organized as the First Presbyterian Church in 1833, and has the distinction of being the first church society organized in Toledo. In 1841 the form of government was changed from Presbyterian to Congregational, under the pastorate of Rev. George R. Haswell. A portion of the membership was opposed to the change and continued to worship as Presbyterians until July, 1844, when the two congregations were united under the name of the First Congregational Church. In 1845 a house of worship was erected at a cost of $7,000. Ten years later this structure was enlarged to accommodate the growing congregation. In 1861 the building was destroyed by fire and the next year a new church was erected on St. Clair Street at a cost f $20,000. It was dedicated on February 22, 1863. Concerning this first church in Toledo, there is some interesting history. The first edifice, completed and dedicated on May 3, 1838, was built largely at the expense of Edward Bissell and Heman Walbridge. It was occupied by the First Presbyterian Church, which was changed to a Congregational society as above stated. In the depression which followed the financial panic of 1837, the congregation was unable to cancel the debt against the church and it was sold by the sheriff, later becoming the property of the Catholics and in the spring of 1922 it was still in use as the schoolhouse in St. Francis de Sales parish. When the matter of building a new church came up in 1844, after the two factions united as the First Congregational Church, two offers were made the society. William Oliver, as trustee f 'the Port Lawrence Company, offered to donate a lot on St. Clair Street, and Jessup W. Scott offered a lot on the corner of Adams and Huron streets. A committee of the church trustees visited the two proposed sites. To get to the one offered by Mr. Scott, they were compelled to pick their way through a swamp, jumping from log to log, high spots of ground, etc. The lot, when they reached it, proved to have enough ground above water for a church, but owing to the difficulty in getting to it, the committee decided to reject the offer : The St. Clair lot was then inspected. The street had not been opened and the lot was "in a state of nature," but it was higher ground and was chosen by the committee. 330 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY When the corner-stone of the new building was laid in September, 1844, it contained copies f the Toledo newspapers and a list f the subscribers to the building fund. That list contained the names of Edwin Avery, Henry Bennett, Leverett Bissell, Mayor Brigham, Matthew Brown, Charles Butler, Ira L. Clark, Salter Cleveland, M. L. Collins, David Crane, W. J. Daniels, Charles M. Dorr, H. P. Espy, John Fitch, Leander Hill, Joseph Jones, Charles G. Keeler, Coleman I. Keeler, Jr., Levi Lindsley, L. I. Loomis, John Mosher, Daniel O. Morton, Richard Mott, James Myers, Osgood & Read, William H. Raymond, Calvin Smith, Thomas Southard, Calvin Stevens, J. W. Turner and J. D. Thomas. The building of 1844 was set back far enough from the street to permit an addition of thirty-three feet, which was erected in 1856, when the box containing the above list was placed in the new cornerstone. It was again placed in the corner-stone of the structure built in 1863 and also in the cornerstone of the building erected in 1877. That building was eventually sold and the congregation erected a new house f worship at Collingwood and Acklin avenues. The old edifice on St. Clair Street, between Madison and Jefferson avenues; was sold and was converted into the Temple Theater, a motion picture house. On October 20, 1849, a Congregational Church was organized at the residence of Horace Howland, in Oregon Township, with seven members. The first communion services were held at the home of William Consaul on December 9, 1849, and the society adopted the name of the First Congregational Church of Oregon Township. Rev. Ezra Howland, a veteran Congregational minister, was called as pastor and served until the breaking out of the Civil war in 1861, when every male member of the congregation fit for military duty enlisted in the army. In September, 1868, the church was reorganized under the name of the Second Congrega-tional Church of Toledo. A frame church was built on Fourth Street, between Cherry Street and Euclid Avenue, and Rev. Robert Ouaife was installed as pastor. In 1892 a brick church was dedicated, but it was destroyed by fire about seven or eight years later, when the present house of worship was erected. The pastor of this church in June, 1922, was Rev. Tellef C. Peterson. Shortly after the close of the Civil war a small Sunday School was opened on Erie Street, near the canal locks. This school soon became known as the "Point Mission." In 1873 it was removed to Washington Street, near Dorr, and the mission was reorganized as the Washington Street Congregational Church. This congregation now owns a comfortable house of worship at Lawrence and Woodruff avenues and is under the pastoral charge of Rev. Henry A. Arnold. In July, 1867, a Sunday School was established at the Protestant Orphans' Home, with C. H. Buck as superintendent. The attendance and interest increased and after a few months the school developed into the Lagrange Street Mission. In April, 1875, a small building across the street was rented and services were held there for several years. On May 20, 1883, a new chapel building was dedicated and the following month Rey. P. S. Slevin was chosen chaplain. In January, 1888, the mission was organized into the Lagrange Congregational Church, with Rev. George Candee as pastor. The name was changed in September, 1893, when the society was incorporated under the name of the Plymouth Congregational Church. This church is located at Cherry Street and Vermont Avenue and the pastor in the spring f 1922 was Rev. Richard T. Boyd. Central Congregational Church was organized in February, 1881, most of its TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 333 members coming from the Westminster Presbyterian Church. Rev. Henry M. Bacon, who had been pastor f the latter church f or several years, was chosen as pastor of the new society. For some time services were held in the building known as the Unitarian Church, at Tenth and Adams streets. Then a fine stone church edifice was erected at Collmgwood and Acklin avenues. When the Central was merged into the First Congregational Church, this building was made one wing of a new structure, which cost a quarter f a million dollars. Rev. Allen A. Stock-dale, the pastor f this church, tendered his resignation in June, 1822, to travel and study abroad. The society declined to accept his resignation, but granted him a year's vacation to carry out his purpose. From the older congregations f this denomination, two other churches have been organized—Park Congregational, at Glendale Avenue and Harvard Boulevard, Rev. Orville C. Jones, pastor ; and Pilgrim Congregational, Sylvania and Hoiles avenues, under the pastoral charge of Rev. Herbert F. Loomis. EVANGELICAL AND REFORMED In 1853 a German Evangelical Reformed Church was organized and for several years worshiped at Scott Street and Canton Avenue. This congregation afterward became known as the First (or Zion) Reformed Church and a house f worship was erected at Cherry and Moore streets. Rev. Karl A. Stein was pastor in the spring of 1922. Salem Evangelical Church, located at the corner of Division and Vance streets, was organized in 1874, with Rev. G. Hasenpflag as pastor. It is a German congregation and in the spring f 1922 Rev. S. E. Goetz occupied the pulpit as pastor. In 1891 the City Park Evangelical Church was organized as an English congregation and a house of worship was soon afterward erected on the corner of City Park and Woodland avenues. Rev. A. M. Rickel was pastor of this church at the beginning f the year 1922. Memorial German Reformed Church, located on the corner of Greenwood Avenue and Valleywood Drive, was organized by members of the German Reformed Synod in 1900. The pastor of this church in the spring of 1922 was Rev. Otto M. Pisch. There is also a Memorial Evangelical Church at 502 Valleywood Drive. The Hungarian Reformed Church was organized in 1903 for the benefit of the Magyars who belonged to that denomination. A handsome stone edifice was erected on the corner of Ann and Bakewell streets, East Toledo, with parsonage adjoining, at a cost of $20,000. The first pastor was Rev. S. Aharvany and the pastor in the spring of 1922 was Rev. Louis Bogar. On the corner of Phillips and Vermaas avenues stands the house of worship of St. Paul's Evangelical Church, which was organized in 1909 as a congregation f the Evangelical Synod of North America. Rev. F. A. Goetsch, the first pastor, afterward went to India and in the spring of 1922 the pulpit was occupied by various ministers, the church having no regular pastor. Grace Reformed Church, on the corner of Fulton Street and Kenilworth Avenue, was organized as both a German and English congregation and services were divided between the two languages. Subsequently the German was dropped and it is now an English church. It has a commodious house of worship and in June, 334 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY 1922, the pastor was Rev. Ellis H. Hay. Other Evangelical or Reformed churches are : Salem, at the corner of Stebbins Street and Prouty Avenue, and Zion, at Detroit and Fernwood avenues. LUTHERAN CHURCHES At the beginning of the year 1922 there were twenty-six Lutheran societies in Toledo, more than any other Protestant denomination. The oldest f these is Salem Church, which was organized in 1842, under the auspices of the German Iowa Synod. The first pastor was a minister named Cronnewett. About 1845 the first church building—a small frame structure—was erected on the site f the present church, on Huron Street between Elm and Chestnut streets. In 1870 a large brick building was completed and the church moved into its new home. The pastor of this congregation in the spring of 1922 was Rev. Theodore G. H. Klinksick. St. Paul's Lutheran Church was organized in 1854 as a society of the Joint Synod of Ohio. For more than half a century the church building of St. Paul's, on Erie Street facing the courthouse square, has been a land mark in Toledo. In the spring of 1922 this congregation had two pastors—Rev. L. H. and Rev. H. F. Schuh. This parish has adopted plans for a new church edifice and a parish house to occupy the present site. Construction is to begin, it is hoped, before the close of 1923, and the cost of the work is estimated at half a million dollars. The elevations show that the proposed structure will strikingly embellish the park on which it is to front. In 1862 Rev. John Doerfler, a Lutheran minister working under the German Iowa Synod, organized a small congregation in Oregon Township. This was the first Lutheran society on the East Side. In September, 1862, Rev. Charles Beckel was installed as pastor and early the following year the church was incorporated under the name f the Evangelical Lutheran Congregation of St. John. In 1876 the first house of worship was erected at a cost of $4,500. Rev. William Wacke has been pastor of this church for the past fifteen years. St. Petri (Peter) Lutheran Church of the German Iowa Synod, was organized in 1873, with Rev. C. Markscheffel as pastor. The next year the house of worship on the corner of Hawley Street and Nebraska Avenue was erected. Rev. Theo Meier was pastor of this church at the beginning of the year 1922. Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church, situated on the corner of Ewing and Vance streets, was organized in 1874 as a German society of the Synod of Missouri. Soon after the church building was completed a parochial school was established. Rev. George Blievernicht was pastor of this church in June, 1922. There is also a Trinity Lutheran Church on the corner of Langdon and South streets, of which Rev. Lawrence G. Deily was pastor in the spring of 1922. Another Lutheran Church organized in 1874 is St. Mark's (formerly called St. Marcus). This church is located on the corner of Brand and Grasser streets and was established under the General Council. Rev. E. J. E. Kuhlman occupied the pulpit at the beginning of the year 1922. St. Mark's German Lutheran Church, of which Rev. August I. Burmann is pastor, was organized in 1884 and worships at 603 Woodville Avenue. It is a church f the Canada Synod. On March 11, 1888, Emanuel (or Immanuel) German Lutheran Church was organized with eight charter members, as a society f the Missouri Synod. It was TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 337 organized by Rev. C. Strasen, who was the first pastor. A small frame house of worship was erected and used until 1894, when a more pretentious structure was erected. The old frame house was then taken for the use of the parochial school. This church is located on the corner of Erie and Buckeye streets and has been under the pastoral charge of Rev. Theodore Horst for a number of years. In the fall of 1894 Rev. Hiram Peters, a minister of the General Council, came to Toledo and organized St. Matthew's English Lutheran Church. A small frame house of worship was built at the corner f Batavia and Putnam streets and used for several years. In 1907, under the pastorate of Rev. Luther Hogshead, the corner-stone of a new building was laid. It is of Bedford stone and was completed during the winter at a cost of $43,000, and was dedicated on April 5, 1908. At the beginning of the year 1922 Rev. Albert L. Benze was pastor. Martin Luther English Lutheran Church, at Sixth and Nevada streets, was organized in 1890 by Rev. E. L. T. Engers. It belongs to the Ohio District Synod of the General Council. The church building was erected in 1891. Services in this church are conducted in both English and German. Rev. William Brenner has been pastor of this church for more than a decade. Glenwood English Lutheran Church, at Glenwood Avenue and Monroe Street, was organized in 1901, on Easter Sunday, by the Rev. F. E. Leamer, who became the first pastor. It belongs to the General Council. Services were held for a time in a store room on Monroe Street, but on May 11, 1902, the church building was dedicated. It is of stone and when dedicated was only part of the structure as planned, additions having since been made. Rev. Alvin E. Bell has been pastor for several years. Glenwood is one of the most aggressive Lutheran congregations in Toledo. In February, 1914, the brotherhood of this church organized the Augsburg English Lutheran Church. It was organized as a mission and services were held for some time in a public hall. On Sunday, June 11, 1922, a handsome stone church building, costing $55,000, was dedicated, with Rev. Franklin E. Strobel as pastor. It is located at Sylvania Avenue and Rollins Road. The foregoing are the leading Lutheran churches. Following is a list of the newer congregations of this faith, with their pastors in the spring. of 1922 ; Church of the Apostle, German Lutheran, corner of Stickney Avenue and Yates Street, is allied with the Synod of Michigan, Rev. Emil E. Wenk, pastor. Bethel Church is located on the corner of Nelson and Toronto streets, Rev. H. F. G. Kopanto, pastor. Bethany Church is on the corner of Marne and Upton avenues, with Rev. William Guise as pastor. Bethlehem Church. on the corner of Plumer and Tracy streets, is a German congregation, with Rev. Emil W. Matzner as pastor. The Church of Peace, at the corner of Hawley Street and Walbridge Avenue, is under the Joint Synod of Ohio, with Rev. H. F. Grimm, pastor. The First English Lutheran Church, located at the corner f Harrison and Oliver streets, was organized in 1881 as St. Stephen's and is allied with the Ohio District Synod of the General Council ; Rev. E. J. Wackerman, pastor. Grace English Lutheran Church, corner of Forest and Pinewood avenues, is allied with the Ohio District Synod of the General Council ; Rev. E. R. Richards, pastor. The Church f the Redeemer, an Evangelical Lutheran society, worships at Midway and the Boulevard, with Rev. H. H. Creager as pastor.. St. James' Church, Delaware and Trenton avenues, is under the German Iowa Synod, with Rev. Simon Poppen as pastor. St. Lucas German Lutheran 338 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY Church, Frank Street and Walbridge Avenue, was organized under the Synod of Michigan. Rev. Hugo C. Hamfeldt is pastor. St. Luke's English Lutheran Church, at Ontario and Bush streets, was organized in 1905 and the church building was dedicated in 1907. The pastor is Rev. G. W. Miley. Zion Lutheran Church is located at Belmont Avenue and Hawley Street, with Rev. George N. Luetke as pastor. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH Next to the Lutherans, the Methodist Episcopal Church has the greatest number of congregations in Toledo. Of any of the Protestant denominations. The Methodists lay claim to having conducted the first Protestant religious services in Toledo. The fact seems to be pretty well established that the first preachers in Lucas County, under regular assignment, were those of the Methodist Episcopal faith, sent here by the Ohio Conference in 1825. Rev. John H. Baughman arrived in that year and found Eli Hubbard at work in the woods, in what is now the western part of the city. He inquired of Mr. Hubbard if there were any place in the vicinity where he could preach. Mr. Hubbard, though not a Methodist, promptly tendered the use of his residence—a log house near the bridge over Ten-mile Creek on the Tremainesville road—and a class was organized there early in 1826, with William Wilkinson as leader. The members of the class were : William Wilkinson, John, Samuel and Sophronia Horton, Mrs. Maria Whitney, wife f Noah A. Whitney, and Miss Mary Keeler, daughter of Coleman I. Keeler. A little later another class was organized, of which Mrs. Whitney was the leader, and this class met at her residence. During the next few years several Methodist ministers visited Toledo. Among them were Solomon Manier, George A. Walker, Jacob Hill, James W. Finley and Elijah H. Pilcher. Late in the spring of 1833 Rev. Elijah H. Pilcher organized what later became known as the Monroe Street Methodist Church, now located at Monroe Street and Auburn Avenue. The original members of this church were : Noah A. Whitney and wife, Amasa Bishop, Eli Hubbard, Mary and Sarah Keeler and the pastor—seven in all. This church was attached to the Toledo Circuit until 1841, when the Sylvania Circuit was established and the Monroe Street charge became a part f that circuit. The first house of worship was replaced by a small brick structure, which was dedicated in August, 1859. In 1875 Monroe Street charge became a station. The church building was destroyed by fire in 1891 and the present house of worship was erected. A parson-age was also built. Rev. P. Van Wicklin was the pastor at the beginning of the year .1922. The second Methodist Church to be organized in Toledo was St. Paul's, which was organized by Rev. Samuel Baumgardner in 1836. Rev. J. T. Caples was the first regular pastor and the first house of worship was on Huron Street, between Locust and Walnut. In 1851 a new church on the corner of Madison Avenue and Superior Street was dedicated. This building was sold in 1895, but services were held there until the dedication of the present church edifice on the corner of Madison Avenue and Thirteenth Street. The cost of this structure was $85,000. Rev. T. Wallis Grose was pastor of this church in the spring of 1922. Emanuel (German) Methodist Church dates back to 1850, when a small class was organized at the home of John Von Gunden. Rev. Peter F. Schneider organized TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 341 this class into a church, which took the name of Emanuel, and the building erected by St. Paul's Church on Huron Street was purchased. It was removed to Ontario Street, near Walnut, and used as a house of worship until 1880, when a new building was erected at a cost of $20,000. Rev. Henry R. Borneman is pastor. In 1853 a mission, known as the Ames Chapel, was established on Lagrange Street, between Huron and Superior. The frame chapel was subsequently replaced by a brick structure and in 1872 the congregation took the name of St. John's Methodist Episcopal Church. A house of worship was built on Magnolia Street, but it was burned in 1899 and the present church building was erected. In the spring of 1922 the congregation was under the pastoral charge of Rev. Louis H. Gressley. The next Methodist Church to be organized in Toledo was the Zion German Church, which was started in 1858 as a mission of Emanuel Church and a few years later was organized as a regular church by Rev. G. A. Reuter. A house of worship was built on Segur Avenue at a cost of $8,000 and was later enlarged at a cost of $.2,000. Rev. Elias Roser was pastor of this church at the beginning of 1922. The Broadway Methodist Church, located at Broadway and Crittenden Avenue, was organized in 1859 and was the first Protestant church in that section f the city. This congregation has a substantial brick house f worship, with Rev. George H. Smith as pastor. In 1865 a Methodist Church known as the Tremainesville charge was organized and a frame house of worship was built on Detroit Avenue, near Phillips. In 1874 it was reorganized as the Collingwood Methodist Episcopal Church. A little later a brick house of worship was erected at Phillips and Vermaas avenues. This building was torn down in 1914 to make room for the present edifice, the corner-stone of which was laid on June 28, 1914. It was completed that year at a cost of $30,000. The "History of the Northwest Ohio Conference" (page 295), says : "The Rev. William Hook is the present pastor (1914) and through his untiring labors and wide influence the new church has been made possible." Much of the work was done by members of the congregation, for which no charge was made, which explains in great measure how such a magnificent building could be erected for $30,000. What is now the Euclid Avenue Methodist Church was organized as the Third Street Church in 1866 by Rev. John Farley, who was the first pastor. He was succeeded by Rev. J. A. Smith. During these two pastorates, services were held in Brown's Hall, on the corner of Oak and Front streets. Under Rev. J. W. Miller, the third pastor, a lot at the corner of Euclid and Starr avenues was purchased, a house of worship erected and the name changed to the Euclid Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church. Present at the dedication was Rev. Elnathan C. Gavitt, who held services in Toledo as early as 1832. At the beginning of 1922 the pastor was Rev. B. F. Reading. Two Methodist Episcopal Churches were organized in 1875—Asbury, at Detroit and Fernwood avenues, and St. James', at Erie and Sandusky streets. The former was at first known as the Detroit Avenue Church and the latter as the Albany Street Church. When the present houses of worship were erected the names were changed. In the spring of 1922 Rev. Herbert Killinder was pastor of the Asbury Church, and Rev. S. G. Markley was pastor of St. James. On January 24, 1894, the first meeting for the organization of a new Methodist Episcopal Church in Toledo was held, and on February 11th the Epworth Church was organized in the First Unitarian Church by Rev. J. W. Donnan. It started 342 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY with sixty-eight members, many of them from St. Paul's, and the first house of worship was erected on Scottwood Avenue near Bancrft. Meetings were held here until in 1907, when the first unit of the present stately structure of modern Gothic was erected at Delaware and Parkwood avenue. The nave, finishing the original plan, was built in 1921 and the completed edifice was dedicated on New Year's Day, 1922, under the pastorate of Rev. Stephen K. Mahon, who has been in charge of the congregation for several years. The church grew rapidly, being very centrally situated in the best residence section of the city, and now has a progressive and very active membership of over one thousand. As these older congregations grew in numbers, some of the members withdrew and formed new church organizations. At the beginning of the year 1922, in addition to the above mentioned Methodist churches, there were about a dozen others, to wit : Bethany Church on Woodville Street, near the Terminal Railroad ; Rev. S. W. Metz, pastor. Central Avenue Church, at Central and Scottwood avenues ; Rev. Frank E. Higbie, pastor. Clark Street Church, at 1132 Clark Street ; organized in 1889 ; Rev. Charles Bennett, pastor. Galena Street Church, a German congregation ; at the corner f Galena and Ontario streets; no regular pastor. Hamilton Memorial Church, East Broadway and Freedom streets ; Rev. N. S. Brackney, pastor. Ironville Church, in the suburb called Ironville; Rev. G. A. Edmunds, pastor. Maplewood Chapel, on the avenue of the same name, a mission of the Central Avenue Church. Warren Chapel (colored), on Erie Street, near Washington ; Rev. J. S. Jackson, pastor. Salem (German), at Federal and Nevada streets ; organized in 1887 ; Rev. E. W. Bockstahler, pastor. Wesley, Church, at Mulberry and Spring streets ; Rev. F. L. Hook, pastor. Western Avenue Church, at the corner f Edna Street and Western Avenue ; Rev. Edwin J. Webster, pastor. THE PRESBYTERIANS Under the heading of Congregational Church, mention is made f the Presbyterian society organized in 1833 and afterward changed to a Congregational Church. On March 2, 1854, the Maumee Presbytery (Old School) appointed Rev. I. M. Crabb and Rev. D. S. Anderson as a special committee to organize a church in Toledo. After some missionary work, the First Westminster Church was organized on January 27, 1855, with twenty-seven members and Rev. J. M. Baird was installed as the first pastor. Services were held in Stickney Hall, on Summit Street, until the summer of 1860, when the Bethel on Lynn Street was leased. In 1865 the society purchased a lot on the corner of Huron and Orange streets, where the cornerstone of a church building was laid 1868. The edifice was not completed until 1873 and this has since been the home of the congregation. Rev. Elwood A. Rowsey was installed as pastor on June 12, 1922. In the fall of 1865 a movement was started for the organization of a Presbyterian Church in the northeastern part of the city. The first meeting was held on October 19, 1865, and the first sermon was preached on the 22nd by Rev. Henry M. Bacon, of Attica, Indiana. At the close of the sermon the Westminster Presbyterian Church was organized with forty-one members, thirty-eight of whom were from the First Congregational Church. Mr. Bacon was called as pastor and on November 7, 1865, the church was received by the Maumee Presbytery. On May 1, 1873, the church edifice on the corner of Locust and TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 345 Superior streets was completed. This building was used as a house of worship until 1909, when it was sold to St. John's (Catholic) College and was afterward known as Westminster Hall. The congregation then disbanded, most of the members uniting with the First Westminster Church. The Third Presbyterian Church was organized on June 26, 1870, and a house of worship was built at the corner of Broadway and Knower streets. It was dedicated on New Year's Day, 1871, while Rev. Robert Edgar was pastor. The pastor of this church at the beginning of 1922 was Rev. P. C. Hopper. In 1871 the First German Presbyterian Church was organized and a small house of worship was built on Canton Street, between Beacon and North streets. Rev. Martin Koehler, the first pastor, remained with the church for about twenty years. Never a strong society, it finally disbanded and the members united with other churches. In the summer of 1893 a few families organized a Sunday School, which met in a vacant room on Ashland Avenue. A little later regular religious services were held and this movement culminated in the organization of the Collingwood Avenue Presbyterian Church, one of the leading Protestant societies of the city. The church was organized in October, 1894, with about one hundred and fifty members and Rev. A. W. Ringland was called as the first pastor. A chapel was built on Prescott Street, at a cost of $3,000, and the congregation worshiped there for several years. On November 30, 1902, the cornerstone of the present handsome Gothic structure of Berea sandstone was laid and about two years later the church was completed, at a cost of $110,000. In June, 1922, the pastor of this church was Rev. R. L. Long. On February 11, 1894, the East Side Presbyterian Church was organized. For about three years services were held in Cook's Hall. Then a lot at the corner of Starr Avenue and Garfield Place was purchased and on September 1, 1897, ground was broken for a church building. In 1906 the congregation had outgrown its house of worship and the present church building was erected, at a cost of $15,000. Rev. W. J. Howell was pastor of this society in June, 1922. The Dorr Street Presbyterian Church was organized in 1906. About two years later the members of the Norwood Avenue Presbyterian Church, only a few blocks away, voted to sell their property and unite with the Dorr Street congregation. Thus the Norwood Church lost its identity and the Dorr Street Church was greatly strengthened in membership. The house of worship is located at 1511 Dorr Street and for several years the pulpit has been occupied by Rev. William Yauch. Rosewood Avenue Presbyterian Church was organized under the name of the Fifth Presbyterian. When the house of worship on the corner Of Bancrft Street and Rosewood Avenue was completed, the name was changed. This society owns a handsome stone church and at the beginning of 1922 the pastor was Rev. R. A. Garrison. Northminster Church is located at 3340 Collingwood Avenue, and Lodge Avenue Church at 706 Lodge Avenue. At the beginning of 1922 Rev. J. L. French was pastor of the former and Rev. L. A. Worley of the latter. There are also two United Presbyterian congregations in Toledo. The First United Presbyterian Church is on the corner of Delaware and Gleenwood avenues, and the East Toledo Church is at the corner f Berry Street and Navarre Avenue. 346 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL On April 23, 1837, Rev. Narcissus Lyster, a Protestant Episcopal minister, held services in the court room at Toledo, which was the introduction of this denomination into the city. No church was organized at that time, but about a year later a small society was formed at Manhattan. It was short lived, however, and perished without leaving a history. In May, 1840, Bishop McIlvaine visited Toledo and held services in the Congregational Church. An Episcopal Church had been established at Maumee and after the bishop's visit, Rev. Joseph S. Large, rector of the Maumee Church, came to Toledo on Sunday afternoon and held service in a frame building on Summit Street, between Cherry and Walnut. In March, 1842, Bishop McIlvaine again visited Toledo. A meeting was held and Trinity Church was organized. Among the early members of this church were some of the most prominent men in the city, viz. : Leverett Bissell, Egbert B. Brown, Theo S. Daniels, Truman C. Everts, James I. Fullerton, Daniel O. Morton, Andrew Palmer, Charles B. Phillips, Emery D. Potter, Charles I. Scott and Myron H. Tilden. In a letter written by Judge Emery D. Potter, at the time of the semi-centennial observance of the establishment of the church, the writer gives the following interesting account of its organization. "At that time the only house of worship in the town was a small wooden structure, standing where St. Francis de Sales Church now stands. This was a Presbyterian Church. There was a Methodist society here, which held its meetings in a hall on Summit Street, between Cherry and Locust. These were the only places where religious services were dispensed. But the subject of a church was agitated, till finally a public meeting was called to discuss the matter. A mixed multitude of believers and people who had no belief at all assembled. Most of our leading men, those who were expected to contribute the means to erect the church were Unitarians, or professed to be; some were friends. After a lengthy discussion, a vote was taken as to whether it should be a Unitarian or an Episcopal Church. The Episcopalians carried the day by a small majority. The discussion, however, had waxed so warm between the Trinitarians and the Unitarians, that when the name of the church was to be agreed upon the Trinitarians, that no doubt should remain as to the character f the church, christened it 'Trinity.' " At a meeting held on December 19, 1842, the church organization was completed by the election f Emery D. Potter, senior warden; Andrew Palmer, junior warden ; Leverett Bissell, Hiram C. Clark, Leander Hill, Levi S. Lownsbury, Daniel O. Morton, Alexander Ralston, Dwight F. Stow and Myron H. Tilden, vestrymen. Rev. Joseph S. Large was invited to continue his sermons. and in April, 1843, he became rector of the church. In July, 1844,, the American Land Company donated two lots (163 and 164 Port Lawrence) for a church site, on condition that the society erect thereon a building "and forever occupy the premises for a church and parsonage, and for no other purpose whatever." These lots, on the corner of Adams and St. Clair streets, were accepted by the society and a frame building was consecrated by Bishop McIlvaine on November 16, 1845. Rev. D. J. Burger was then rector. He served until his death in June, 1847, after which several ministers declined the rector- TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 349 ship, and in March, 1848, Rev. Henry B. Walbridge accepted at a salary of $750 per year. He served as rector until 1868 and during his administration the present house of worship was erected. It was dedicated on April 5, 1866, when the cost was reported as $42,000. Several changes and improvements have been made since that time, among which was the installation of an organ, which cost $16,000. In June, 1922, Rev. Elliott F. Talmadge was the acting rector. The Church of St. John the Evangelist was started in 1860 as a mission of Trinity Church. In December, 1861, Rev. N. R. High, of Logansport, Indiana, came to Toledo as assistant rector of Trinity Parish and took charge of the mission. In April, 1863, the mission was organized as the Church of St. John. The first officers were as follows : Timothy Tredwell, senior warden ; Thomas Jackson, junior warden ; Henry Bennett, T. Crampton, A. L. Kelsey, W. L. Lamb, G. H. Martin, William Merchant, Daniel Segur and C. M. Woodbury, vestrymen. A frame chapel had previously been erected on Eleventh Street, between Washington and Monroe, and in the spring of 1864 the rectory was built. Fire caused considerable damage to the church building in 1866, but it was immediately repaired and made larger. Mr. High remained as rector until about two weeks before his death on February 19, 1884. Rev. William C. Hopkins was rector of this church for several years during its existence. Miss Anna Church, a member of Trinity Church, lived on Erie Street, near Bush, in 1868. In the spring of that year she invited a number of Episcopalians living in that part of the city to meet at her residence and the result of the meeting was the organization of a mission. A frame building for a chapel and a rectory were built on Stickney Street, near Huron, and the mission was organized as Grace Episcopal Church in February, 1873. F. L. Nichols was the first senior warden; E. G. Peckham, junior warden, and the following were the vestrymen: W. W. Backus, Henry Bennett, A. G. Clark, A. L. Kelsey, Irwin Millard, Emery D. Potter, Jr., William Shiell and Courtland Yardley. In the summer of 1869 Rev. James Mulcahey, rector of Trinity Church, began holding services in the Chamberlain Hall at Broadway and Segur Avenue. The result of these meetings was the organization of Calvary Mission about two years later.. A chapel was built on Broadway for the new mission and Rev. E. T. Perkins was placed in charge. Under his ministrations Calvary Episcopal Church was organized. The burning of the chapel caused a temporary cessation in the work, but in 1878 a new house of worship, a substantial brick structure, was erected at Western Avenue and Broadway. The name was subsequently changed to St. Alban's Church, of which Rev. W. W. Willard was pastor at the beginning of 1922. St. Paul's Episcopal Church, at Fourth Street and Euclid Avenue, was established as a mission of Trinity Church in 1883. It was organized as a separate parish in 1890, with Rev. E. R. Atwell as the first rector. A rectory was built in 1893. The rector in June, 1922, was Rev. Charles P. Burgoon. St. Mark's, though one f the youngest, is one f the strongest Episcopal parishes in the city. This society was organized soon after the beginning of the present century and the church edifice, which cost $110,000, was dedicated on February 4, 1906. Rev. Robert S. Chalmers was rector in, the spring of 1922. The church is located at the corner f Virginia Street and Collingwood Avenue. St. Andrew's Church, at Auburn and Milburn avenues, of which Rev. Ansel