1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

9,382 12,363 25,831 46,722 67,377 102,296 153,559 192,728 275,721

From this table it will be seen that the greatest proportionate increase in any decade was from 1850 to 1860, when it was nearly 110 per cent. This was due chiefly to the opening of the canals in the later '40s, which brought better transportation facilities and encouraged immigration. In no other ten-year period since the organization of the county did the number of inhabitants double—or increase 100 per cent. Although the population of the county as a whole has shown a constant steady growth, there has been a slight decrease in that of some of the townships, as may be seen in the following table. In this table the village population is included in that of the townships. in which they are situated : - 725 - 726 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY

Township	1900	1910	1920
Adams Jerusalem Monclova Oregon Providence Richfield Spencer Springfield Swanton Sylvania Washington Waterville Waynesfield City of Toledo	2,090 l,581 1,031 2,702 l,270 1,136 769 953 837 1,887 3,449 2,176 l,856 131,822	2,635 1,431 1,043 2,568 1,217 l,029 802 l,176 851 2,220 4,798 2,154 2,307 168,497	4,735 1,297 991 3,500 1,147 1,036 817 l,415 875 3,141 8,440 l,968 3,195 243,164
Total	153,559	192,728	275,721

TOLEDO CENSUS Toledo was incorporated as a city on January 7, 1837. Some of the more enthusiastic "boosters" estimated the population then at 2,500. Others, more conservative, thought it might reach 1,000. The first official census after the incorporation was that of 1840, when the city was three years old. Since then the growth of the city by decades, as shown by the United States census reports, is given in the following table :

1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1820

1,222 3,829 12,768 31,584 50,137 81,434 131,822 168,497 243,164

It will be noticed that in three of the ten-year periods-from 1840 to 1850, from 1850 to 1860, and from 1860 to 1870-the increase was considerably more than 100 per cent. The greatest increase is seen in the decade from 1850 to 1860, when it was nearly 240 per cent.. The smallest proportionate increase was from 1900 to 1910, when it was only 27.8 per cent. According to the census of 1920, Toledo is the third city of the United States in the percentage of homes owned by the residents. Des Moines, Iowa, leads the list with 51.l per cent ; Grand Rapids, Michigan, stands second with 50.2 per cent ; and Toledo comes third with 49.4 per cent. (For other statistics relating to Toledo see the closing paragraphs of Chapter XVIII). TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 727 PRESIDENTIAL VOTE Lucas County, as a separate political subdivision, participated in the presidential election of 1836 the first time in the county's history. The writer has been unable to find the returns of that election, so far as the county vote is concerned. As a matter of fact, local issues at that time overshadowed the national campaign. The echoes of the boundary dispute had not entirely died away ; the rivalry of Toledo, Maumee City and Manhattan .f or the terminus of the canal; and the contest for the location of the county seat furnished so many topics for discussion that the presidential election was of secondary importance. By 1840 party lines were more clearly defined, local questions had been settled for the time being, and more attention was given to national issues. In the subjoined table is given the vote for the principal party candidates for President and Vice President at each election since 1840. More than two parties were represented in a number of these elections. For example: Martin Van Buren received 327 votes in the county for President in 1848; Hale and Julian, the anti-slavery candidates, received 86 votes in 1852; Fillmore and Donelson, the American or Know Nothing candidates in 1856 received a few votes in the county; the same is true of Cooper and Cary, the Greenback candidates, in 1876; Weaver and Field, the Populist candidates, received considerable support in 1892 ; the Socialists and Prohibitionists nominated candidates in a number of the campaigns. With much labor, and after many difficulties, the vote for the leading party candidates was compiled. The "scattering" votes could not always be accurately ascertained and they have been omitted, except in a few elections. In the table the letters in parentheses after the names of the candidates indicate the parties, to wit : (D) Democrat, (W) Whig, (R) Republican, (P) Progressive, (S) Socialist, (U) Union:

1840—Van Buren and Johnson (D) Harrison and Tyler (W)	650 1,065
1844—Polk and Dallas (D) Clay and Frelinghuysen (W)	789 1,069
1848 - Taylor and Fillmore (W) Cass and Butler (D)	l,298 1,197
1852—Scott and Graham (W) Pierce and King (D)	l,656 l,689
1856—Buchanan and Breckinridge (D) Fremont and Dayton ®	l,866 l,639
1860—Lincoln and Hamlin (R) Douglas and Johnson (D) Breckinridge and Lane (D) Bell and Everett (U)	2,889 1,716 83 131
1864—Lincoln and Johnson (R)   McClellan and Pendleton (D)	3,800 2,095
1868—Grant and Colfax (R)   Seymour and Blair (D)	4,494 2,762
1872—Grant and Wilson (R)   Greeley and Brown (D)	5,108 2,833
728 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY
1876    Hayes and Wheeler (R) Tilden and Hendricks (D)	6,524 5,155
1880—Garfield and Arthur (R) Hancock and English (D)	7,157 5,085
1884 - Blaine and Logan (R)   Cleveland and Hendricks (D)	8,314 7,387
1888—Harrison and Morton (R) Cleveland and Thurman (D)	9,443 8,638
1892—Harrison and Reid (R) Cleveland and Stevenson (D)	11,211 9,860
1896 - McKinley and Hobart (R) Bryan and Sewall (D)	16,758 13,684
1900—McKinley and Roosevelt (R) Bryan and Stevenson (D)	17,128 15,390
1904—Roosevelt and Fairbanks (R) Parker and Davis (D)	22,024 8,259
1908—Taft and Sherman (R)   Bryan and Kern (D)	18,715 16,208
1912—Taft and Butler (R)   Wilson and Marshall (D) Roosevelt and Johnson (P) Debs and Harriman (S)	5,622 13,999 12,442 5,163
1916—Hughes and Fairbanks (R) Wilson and Marshall (D) Benson and Kirkpatrick (S)	16,711 30,779 3,000
1920—Harding and Coolidge (R) Cox and Roosevelt (D) Debs and Sherman (S)	52,449 30,456 5,782

OFFICIAL ROSTER Following is a list of the principal county officers of Lucas County from its organization in 1835 to the election of 1920. In the preparation of this list the official records were consulted as far as possible. Some of the early records were not accessible and in such cases the information was obtained from other sources, regarded as reliable. The date following each name is that of the year when the official was elected or entered upon the duties of the office. For many years county officers were elected at the state elections in the odd numbered years. In changing the time of election, the term of some of the officers were extended and it is possible that, in a few instances, the date given is incorrect. But the list is believed to be as correct as can be prepared, in the absence. of official data on the subject. Clerks of Court—Dr. Horatio Conant, 1835 (resigned in the spring of 1837 and the office for the remainder of that year was filled by Daniel McBain and James Myers) ; Jerome B. Myers, elected in 1837; James Myers, 1841; Francis I. Nichols, 1844; Dennison Steele, 1847; Francis I. Nichols, 1854; Peleg T. Clark, 1857; Victor Keen, 1863; Michael J. Enright, 1872; Romans() C. Quiggle, 1881; John P. Bronson, 1887; Leroy E. Clark, 1893; Jacob M. Weier, 1899; Edward L TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 729 Kimes, 1904 (resigned in August, 1906, and Wellington F: Huntsman was appointed) ; Wellington F. Huntsman, 1906; John T. Kelley, 1912 (reelected in 1914, but died before the expiration of his second term and William F. Renz was appointed) ; William F. Renz, 1916; Michael Shea; 1918 (died before being qualified and Renz served the entire term) ; Wellington T. Huntsman, 1920, reelected in 1922. Auditors—Samuel F. Young, 1835 ; Levi S. Lownsbury, 1838 ; Uriel Spencer, 1843.; William F. Dewey, 1845 ; Andrew Young, 1852 ; Cyrus H. Coy, 1855 ; Cyrus D. Hanks, 1857; Charles R. Dennett, 1859. (by appointment) ; Alexander Reed, 1859 ; James L. Smith, 1863 ; Elijah W. Lenderson, 1869 ; Gustave Wittstein, 1874 ; John Paul Jones, 1876 ; Walter Pickens, 1881; Charles A. C. Vordtriede, 1884; Michael J. Cooney, 1887 (by appointment) ; Charles A. C. Vordtriede, 1887; Charles H. Jones, 1890 ; William M. Godfrey, 1896 ; David T. Davies, 1902; Charles J. Sanzenbacher, 1908; Gabe Cooper, 1914 (reelected in 1920); George A. Kratt, 1922. Sheriffs—Munson H. Daniels, 1835 ; Cornelius G. Shaw, 1837; Elisha S. Frost, 1841; Luther Dodge, 1845 ; Elisha Mack, 1847; Elijah Dodd, 1851 ;.Stephen J. Springer, 1855 ; Henry D. Kingsbury, 1857 ; Nathan. M. Landis, 1861; Henry D. Kingsbury, 1865 ; Patrick H. Dowling, 1869 ; Albert Moore, 1873 ; Samuel S. Linton, 1877; Albert Moore, .1879; John S. Harbeck, Jr., 1881; Benjamin F. Wade,' 1885; Wilson W. Cullison, 1887; John S. Harbeck, Jr., 1888; John B. Stuart, 1890 ; Charles E. Tual, 1892 ; Charles Stager, 1896 ; John V. Newton, 1898; Sereno B. Chambers, 1902 ; John C. Newton, 1908 ; Sereno B. Chambers, 1910 ; John Jackman, 1912 ; Robert S. Gardner, 1914 ; John Mathias, 1918 ; John T. Taylor, 1920, reelected 1922. Treasurers—Eli Hubbard, 1835 ; Sanford L. Collins, 1836 ; Daniel McBain, 1838; John. U. Pease, 1839 ; Frederick E. Kirtland, 1843 ; Lyman Parcher, 1847 ; John E. Hunt, 1851; Cyrus H. Coy, 1853 ; Benjamin Joy, 1855 ; Samuel Blanchard, 1857; Valentine Braun, 1859 ; Ernest Greiner, 1863 ; Andrew Stephan, 1867 ; John S. Kountz, 1871; Robert Cummings, 1873 ; William Cummings, 1875 ; Elijah B. Hall, 1877; John W. Toullerton, 1879; Joel W. Kelsey, 1881; Foster R. Warren, 1883 ; Horace J. Potter, 1885 ; Samuel A. Hunter, 1889 ; William V. McMaken, 1893; Joseph L. Yost, 1897; Peter Parker, 1901; Thomas Biddle, 1904; H. M. Barfield, 1908 ; John V. Newton, 1912.; Clarence Conlisk, 1914 ; Lloyd W. Howard, 1918; Claude C. Kilbury, 1920, reelected 1922. Recorders—Frederick Wright, 1835 ; Junius Flagg, 1837 ; Horace Thacher, 1847 ; Thomas Brophy, 1853 ; Jonathan Wynn, 1859 ; Josiah W. White, 1865 ; John S. Kountz, 1874 ; Isaac Head, 1877 ; William W. Alcorn, 1880 ; Charles J. Kirschner, 1883 ; William V. McMaken, 1886; August F. Wendt, 1890; Thomas H. Barkdull, 1896; George E. Hamlin, 1900 ; Charles E. Myers, 1906 ; John Jackman, 1910; Langdon Kumler, 1912; Burge Richardson, 1914 (died in office and William M. Dean appointed) ; William M. Dean, 1916; William E. Wells, 1918; Arthur D. Hill, 1920, reelected 1922. Surveyors—Samuel Divine, 1835 ; William Martin, 1837 ; Daniel L. Westcott, 1846; Henry J. Vaughn, 1849 ; Thomas Clark, 1851; Don A. Pease, 1854 ; William H. Harris, 1856 ; Elijah W. Lenderson, 1859 ; John B. Marston, 1868 ; Jerome L. Stratton, 1871; Charles L. Shoemaker, 1877 ; Samuel Bement, 1880 ; George Meissner, 1883 ; Henry W. Wilhelm, 1886; Joseph Hoffman, 1892 ; 730 - TOLEDO AND .LUCAS COUNTY Charles H. Webster, 1898; Joseph Hoffman, 1904; John B. Marston, 1908; Arthur J. Hatch, 1910; Cecil J. Rood, 1914 ; Charles L. Sawyer, 1920, reelected 1922. Prosecuting Attorneys—Andrew Coffinbury, 1836; John Fitch, 1836; Caleb F. Abbott, 1839 ; James M. Coffinbury, 1843 ; Thomas Dunlap, Jr., 1845 ; William H. Hall, 1847 ; John J. Manor, 1851 ; Ira E. Lee, 1857 ; George P. Este, 1859 ; Reuben C. Lemmon, 1861 ; George R. Haynes, 1863 ; J. Kent Hamilton, 1867 ; Joseph D. Ford, 1871 ; Morgan N. Odell, 1877; Charles L. Kennedy, 1879 ; Ezra S. Dodd, 1881 ; James H. Southard, 1884 ; Jason A. Barber, 1890 ; Charles E. Sumner, 1896; William G. Ulery, 1902; L. W. Wackenheimer, 1904; Holland C. Webster, 1908; Charles M. Milroy, 1912 ; John C. D'Alton, 1914; Allen J. Seney, 1918; Roy R. Stuart, 1920, reelected 1922. Probate Judges—The office of probate judge was created by the constitution of 1851 and provision was made for the election of a judge in each county of the state in 1852. Lucas County's probate judges have been as follows : Charles I. Scott, 1852 ; Horace Thacher, 1855 ; Thomas Dunlap, 1858; Fred A. Jones, 1861; David R. Austin, 1873 ; Isaac R. Sherwood, 1879 ; Joseph W. Cummings, 1885; Irwin I. Millard, 1891; Richard Waite, 1902 ; Horace A. Merrill, 1906 ; O'Brien O'Donnell, 1908--- still in office in 1922. (See also the chapter on Bench and Bar.) County Commissioners—The history of the board of county commissioners begins with the first meeting, held on September 14, 1835. John. Baldwin, Robert Gower and Cyrus Holloway had been appointed commissioners by the court and the length of their respective terms was so adjusted that for many years one commissioner was elected annually: On a few occasions, in case of a vacancy, two commissioners would be elected at the same time. In the following list the names of those elected annually up to 1906 are given. After that date the names of all three commissioners are given each year at the September meeting, when the annual organization of the board takes place. Samuel Bartlett, 1835 ; William P. Daniels, 1836; Eli Hubbard, 1837; John Van Fleet, 1838 ; David Hobart, 1839 ; Alfred C. Hough, 1841; Horace Waite, 1842 ; Galen B. Abell, 1843 ; Lyman Parcher, 1844; Pliny Lathrop, 1845; Lorenzo L. Morehouse, 1846 ; Daniel Knowles, 1847; Stephen Haughton, 1848 ; Samuel Divine, 1849 ; Robert A. Forsyth, 1850 ; Peter C. Lewis, 1851; William F. Dewey, 1852 ; Alfred J. Eldridge, 1853 ; Joel W. Kelsey, 1854 ; Daniel F. Cook and Sereno C. Brainard, .1855; Daniel Segur, 1856 ; Edward Bissell, 1857; William Taylor, 1858; Galen Norton, 1859; Samuel A. Raymond, 1860 ; Daniel F. Cook, 1862 ; Paul Jones, 1863; George W. Reynolds, 1865; Edwin Gordinier, 1867; Thomas S. Merrell and Jesse S. Norton, 1868; E. W. Lenderson, 1870; Edwin Gordinier, 1873 ; Lucius Raab, 1874 ; Patrick Dowling, 1875 ; Henry C. Ely, 1876 ; W. C. Cheney and James Coyle, 1877; J. E. Wilcox, 1878; James Coyle, 1880 ; Justus McDonald and Ignace Wernert, 1881; F. R. Warren, 1882 ; John Ryan, 1883; James Coyle and John Bladen, 1884; .Luther C. Gibbs, 1885 ; John Ryan, 1886; Warren W. Cooke, 1887; Jacob Engelhardt, 1888; John L. Pray, 1889 ; Philip Hassenzahl, Jr., 1893; John V. Newton, 1894; Oscar M. Boyer, 1895 ; John B. Wright, 1897; Henry Conrad, 1899; John B. Kerr, 1900; Loren B. Bailey, 1901; Frank Wort-smith, 1902 ; Henry F. Van Fleet, 1906. It will be noticed in the above list that occasionally a year is passed in which there was apparently no commissioner elected—from 1889 to 1893, for example. In such cases there was no change in the board in the intervening years, com- TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 733 missioners holding by reelection. Since 1906 the board, as shown by the organization records, has been constituted as follows : 1907—Loren B. Bailey, Henry F. Van Fleet and Frank Wortsmith. No change was made during the year 1908. 1909—Roy E. Davis, Charles J. Romeis and John A. Shaw. This board continued during the years 1910, 1911 and 1912. 1913—Roy E. Davis, Charles J. Romeis and Frank NV. Westfall. No change in the board in 1914. 1915—A. W. Bick, C. W. Counter and John F. Kumler. 1916—A. W. Bick, C. W. Counter and J. F. Mathias. 1917—A. W. Bick, C. W. Counter and A. A. Reilly. This board continued during the year 1918. 1919—C. W. Counter, William M. Dean and John Jackman. No change was made in the personnel of the board in 1920. 1921 and 1922—Roy E. Davis, R. E. Farnsworth and John Jackman. Coroners—Lucas County's first coroner was chosen in 1837. Since then the office has been held by the following: Daniel Cole, 1837; David Garlick, 1839; Eli Kitts, 1841; John Hamilton, 1843 ; Edwin Avery, 1845 ; George D. Treat, 1849; John G. Kemme, 1851; Michael Schoenecker, 1853; Valentine Braun, 1857; Alfred Bostwick, 1858; Symmes H. Bergen, 1860 ; Marcus Schnetzler, 1865 ; Jabez M. Cooke, 1867; George A. Collamore, 1871; Samuel S. Thorn, 1875 ; H. D. Chamberlin, 1877; Charles Hohly, 1879 ; George A. Hollister, 1883 ; Wilson W. Cullison, 1885 ; Charles F. Roulet, 1887 ; Seth W. Beckwith, 1891; Charles J. Henzler, 1895; Christian Storz, 1901; Charles A. Faber, 1904 ; Charles J. Henzler, 1908; Walter H. Hartung, 1916; Charles J. Henzler, 1920, reelected in 1922. IN THE LEGISLATURE For some time after Lucas County was established, it was attached to other counties to form a senatorial .district. The same was true regarding members of the house of representatives in the General Assembly. The senator or representative from these districts was not always from Lucas County. It has been somewhat difficult to compile a list of the members of the General Assembly elected from Lucas County, but it is believed that the following is as correct as can be ascertained from the records accessible. In this list the year in which each senator or representative was elected is given. Where one served two or more terms the fact is indicated in parentheses, and where a lapse of several years occurs the member was from some other county in the district. Senators—John E. Hunt, 1835 ; John Patterson, 1837; John E. Hunt, 1839 ; Dr. Jacob Clark, 1841; Lyman Parcher, 1846 ; James Myers, 1848 (two terms) ; Samuel H. Steedman, 1854; James C. Hall, 1864 (two terms) ; Charles A. King, 1868 ; Emery D. Potter, Sr., 1872 (two terms) ; Theophilus P. Brown, 1876; James B. Steedman, 1878; William H. McLyman, 1884 ; Ezra S. Dodd, 1886; John Ryan, 1890 ; William G. Leet, 1896; Adam Schafer, 1898; George C. Dunham, 1900 (two terms) ; L. L. H. Austin, 1904; Sylvester Lamb, 1906; Carl H. Keller, 1908; U. S. Grant Deaton, 1910 ; Frank Hillenkamp, 1912. Under the new constitution of 1912, Lucas County is sometimes entitled to elect two senators and in other years only one. Those who have been elected 734 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY to the state senate since the constitution went into effect have been as follows : Edwin J. Lynch, 1914; Clarence A. Benedict and George J. Snyder, 1916; Edward N. Mettler, 1918 ; Thomas L. Gifford, 1920 ; Thomas L. Gifford and W. W. Farnsworth, 1922. Representatives—George B. Way, 1840 ; Lyman Parcher, 1845 ; Emery D. Potter, Sr., 1847 ; Freeborn Potter, 1848 ; Morrison R. Waite, 1849 ; Samuel H. Steedman, 1850 ; Lucien B. Lathrop, 1852 ; Samuel Durgin, 1854 (two terms) ; Samuel A. Raymond, 1858 ; Dennison Steele, 1860 ; James Myers, 1862 ; Lorenzo L. Morehouse, 1864 ; John A. Chase, 1866 ; John Sinclair, 1868 ; Wilson W. Griffith, 1870; Guido Marx and Russell C. Thompson, 1872 (both reelected in 1874) ; Conrad Huberich and Russell C. Thompson, 1876 ; James. C. Messer, 1877 (to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Mr. Thompson) ; Harvey. Kellogg and David B. Sturgeon, 1878; Charles B. Holloway and N. M. Howard, 1880; Henry Kahlo and Noah H. Swayne, Jr., 1882 ; William Beatty and Edward Malone, 1884 ; Orville H. Brumback and John H. Puck, 1886 ; Charles P. Griffin and James C. Messer, 1888 (both reelected in 1890) ; Charles P. Griffin, Charles A. Flickinger and Oliver P. Heller, 1894; Carl H. Beckham, Christian Schneider and. Jonas Stanbery, 1896 ; John C. MacBroom and Frank B. Niles, 1898 ; George Demuth and 'Charles P. Griffin, 1900 ; George Demuth, Ulysses G. Denman, Harold W. Fraser and John C. Jones, 1902 ; George A. Bassett, Charles Farner. John C. Jones and Louis H. Payne, 1904 ; George A. Bassett, Frank Hillenkamp, D. J. O'Rourke and Louis H. Payne, 1906 ; Myer Geleerd, John Paul Jones and Cornell Schreiber, 1908 ; William T. Colter, Myer Geleerd and Frank Hillenkamp, 1910; William T. Colter, Lawrence F. Conway, Warren J. Duffey and James Nye, 1912; Clarence A. Benedict, William E. Entemann, Joseph 0. Eppstein and Harry S. Fox, 1914 ; Otto W. Brach, William E. Entemann, Henry Evans and Robert B. Pugh, 1916 (all reelected in 1918) ; Harold J. Brummitt, Leroy W. Hunt, William J. Prange and Homer A. Ramey, 1920 ; Homer A. Ramey, William J. Prange, Lulu T. Gleason, Leroy W. Hunt and Fred Mery, 1922. CHAPTER XXXVIII A CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY DATES IMPORTANT IN THE STUDY OF HISTORY-THEIR RELATION TO EACH OTHER-AN ILLUSTRATION-THE SUMMARY-WHY IT HAS BEEN COMPILED. Dates constitute an important feature in the study of history. And it is well to bear in mind that each event is but a link in the great chain of evolution—the effect of something which went before and the cause of something which came after. Any date standing alone may appear to have but little significance. For example : The bare statement that the Hudson's Bay Company was chartered on May 2, 1670, may seem to have no connection whatever with the history of Toledo and Lucas County. But the agents and factors of that company came into the Maumee Valley before the close of the Seventeenth Century to trade with the Indians. After the Revolutionary war, loath to give up the profits of the fur trade and supported by the British Government, the influence of this company aided in bringing on the Indian wars that culminated in General Wayne's great victory in the battle of Fallen Timbers. As a conclusion to this work, the following summary of events has been compiled and arranged in .chronological order for ready reference. Many of these events occurred years before the first white settlements were made in Northwestern Ohio. Others of more recent date note the time of important happenings more closely identified with local affairs, yet each one wielded its influence upon the destiny of city and county. THE SUMMARY _____, 1669. Sieur de la Salle descended the Ohio River as far as the Falls, where the City of Louisville, Kentucky, now stands. May 2, 1670. The Hudson's Bay Company was chartered by the English Government to trade with the Indians about the Great Lakes. June 14, 1671. Simon Daumont, Sieur de St. Lusson, took formal possession of the country about the Great Lakes in the name of France. June 17, 1673. Marquette and Joliet reached the Mississippi River at the mouth of the Wisconsin. They descended the Mississippi to the mouth of the Arkansas and returned to Canada' via the Illinois giver and Lake Michigan. _____, 1674. Joliet made the first map of the Great Lakes country showing with any degree of accuracy Lake Erie and the mouth of the Maumee River. _____, 1680. The French established a trading post on the Maumee River a few miles above the present City of Toledo. April 9, 1682. La Salle reached the mouth of the Mississippi and claimed all 735 736 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY the territory drained by that river and its tributaries in the name of France, giving the region the name of Louisiana. ______, 1754. Troubles long brewing between France and England, over their American possessions, culminated in the French and Indian war. February 10, 1763. Treaty of Paris concluded, ending the French and Indian war. France ceded to Great Britain all of Canada and that part of Louisiana east of the Mississippi. By this treaty the site of Toledo came within the British possessions. June 22, 1774. The Quebec Act was passed by the English Parliament, annexing the present State of Ohio to the Province of Quebec. October 10, 1774. Battle of Point Pleasant, the principal engagement of Lord Dunmore's war. October 27, 1780. A great gathering of Indians where Toledo now stands to celebrate the receipt of British bounties for scalps. September 3, 1783. Treaty ending the Revolutionary war was concluded at Paris. By this treaty the western boundary of the United States was fixed at the Mississippi River. October 22, 1784. Treaty of Fort Stanwix, which ended the wars between the Five Nations and the western Indian tribes. This treaty paved the way for white settlements in what is now the State of Ohio. March l, 1785. The Ohio Company was organized in Boston by Gen. Benjamin Tupper, Gen. Rufus Putnam and others, for the settlement of the country northwest of the Ohio River. July 13, 1787. Congress passed the ordinance organizing the Northwest Territory. October 16, 1787. First officials for the Northwest Territory appointed by Congress. April 7, 1788. The first settlement in Ohio, by authority of the United States Government, was started at Marietta. ______, 1790. Jean Baptiste Beaugrand and Gabriel Godfroy opened a trading house near the site of the old French post of 1680. October 23, 1790. Gen. Josiah Harmar was defeated by the Indians where Fort Wayne, Indiana, now stands. November 4, 1791. Gen. Arthur St. Clair's camp, near the present Town of Fort Recovery, Ohio, was surprised by Indians under Little Turtle. Out of 1,400 men, 595 were reported killed or missing, and 280 wounded. April, 1794. Fort Miami, near the foot of the Maumee Rapids, was built by a detachment of British troops from Detroit, commanded by Col. Richard England. June 30, 1794. Indians and British attacked Fort Recovery, but were repulsed with heavy loss. August 18, 1794. Gen. Anthony Wayne completed Fort Deposit, at Roche de Boeuf, within the limits of the present Lucas County. August 20, 1794. Battle of Fallen Timbers, in which General Wayne wins a decisive victory over the Indians and their British allies. August 3, 1795. General Wayne concluded a treaty with the Indians at Fort Greenville. Among the lands ceded to the United States by this treaty was a tract twelve miles square at the Maumee Rapids. Part of this tract is now within the limits of the City of Toledo. TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 739 August 15, 1796. Wayne County, Northwest Territory, created by proclamation of Winthrop Sargent, acting governor. It included the present Lucas County. May 7, 1800. Indiana Territory created by act of Congress.. It included all that part of the Northwest Territory west of the present boundary line between Ohio and Indiana. East of that line was the Territory of Ohio. April 30, 1802. President Jefferson approved an act authorizing the people of Ohio to adopt a constitution and form a state government, preparatory to admission into the Union. May 14, 1802. Rev. David Bacon preached to the Indians where Toledo now stands—first religious services in what is now Lucas. County. November 1, 1802. The Ohio constitutional convention met at Chillicothe. February 19, 1803. ;Ohio admitted into the Union. July 4, 1805. Treaty with the Indians negotiated at Fort Industry, within the present limits of the City of Toledo. November 17, 1807. Treaty concluded at Detroit, by which the Indians ceded to the United States the lands now. comprising Lucas County. November 25, 1808. Treaty of Brownstown, Michigan, negotiated. It confirmed the cessions made by the Treaty of Detroit the year before. June 9, 1810. Amos Spafford appointed postmaster at Maumee. This .was the first post office established between Monroe, Michigan, and Sandusky. November 7, 1811. Gen. William Henry Harrison, governor of Indiana Territory, defeated the Indians at the battle of Tippecanoe. June 18, 1812. Congress declared war against Great Britain. July 1, 1812. Gen. William Hull's army, on the march to Detroit, crossed the Maumee River a short distance above the present- City of Toledo. August 16, 1812. General Hull surrendered Detroit to the British forces commanded by Gen. Isaac Brock. January 22, 1813. "Gen. James Winchester was defeated by the British and Indians at Frenchtown (now Monroe) and many of his men were massacred after the surrender. February 2, 1813. General Harrison began the construction of Fort Meigs. April 27, 1813. General Proctor, with a large force of British and. Indians, began a siege of Fort, Meigs which lasted until May 9th. May 5, 1813. Colonel Dudley and 800 Kentuckians were defeated by Proctor's forces, where the Maumee Carnegie Library now stands. July 20-28, 1813. Second siege of Fort Meigs. August 2, 1813. British and Indians under Proctor attacked Fort Stephenson (Fremont), but the post was successfully defended by Maj. George Croghan, though outnumbered ten to one. September 10, 1813. Commodore Oliver H. Perry defeated the British fleet on Lake Erie. October 5, 1813. Battle of the Thames, in which the Americans were victorious. This engagement ended the war in the Northwest. April 27, 1816. President Madison approved an act of Congress authorizing the sale of the reservation twelve miles square at the foot of the Maumee Rapids. September 29, 1816. Treaty with the Indians at the foot of the. Rapids, by which they relinquished claim to certain lands in Northwestern Ohio. 740 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY September 20, 1817. First public sale of lots in Port Lawrence—now part of Toledo. October, 1818. About the middle of this month the "Walk-in-the-Water," the first steamboat on the Great Lakes, touched at the mouth of the Maumee River. December 12, 1818. Northern Light. Lodge No. 40, the first Masonic lodge in Lucas County, was organized at Maumee. March 2, 1827. President John Quincy Adams approved the act granting land to Indiana to build a canal from Lake Erie to the Wabash River. May 27, 1827. Port Lawrence Township, including the greater portion of the present City of Toledo, was erected by the Michigan authorities as part of Monroe County. August 30, 1831. At the "Miami Bay of Lake Erie" a treaty was concluded with. the Ottawa Indians, by which they accepted certain reservations and relinquished all other lands to the United States. December 20, 1832. A new plat of the Town of Port Lawrence was filed with the recorder of Monroe County, Michigan. April 22, 1833. The Erie & Kalamazoo Railroad Company was incorporated by an act of the Michigan Legislature. August 15, 1834. The first number of the "Toledo Herald," the first newspaper published in the city, came from the press. June 20, 1835. Lucas County was created by an act of the Ohio Legislature. September 7, 1835. The first session of the Court of Common Pleas in Lucas County was held about 3 A. M., on account of the boundary dispute with Michigan.. September 14, 1835. First meeting of the county commissioners Of Lucas County, to complete the county organization. March 25, 1836. The first bank in Toledo was incorporated by the Michigan Legislature. April 30, 1836. The long-standing controversy between Ohio and Michigan over the boundary was settled by act of Congress, which awarded Ohio the territory in dispute. October 3, 1836. The first train on the Erie & Kalamazoo Railroad ran from Toledo to Adrian. January 7, 1837. Toledo was incorporated as a city by an act of the Ohio. General Assembly. March 6, 1837. First city election in Toledo. John Berdan elected as the first mayor. March 3, 1838. Battle of Point Pelee Island, in what was known as the "Patriot War," was fought. Toledo troops took part. April 9, 1838. The first county jail in Lucas County was completed and accepted by the county commissioners. On the same day the commissioners purchased a tract of land in Adams Township for a county infirmary. May 3, 1838. The first church building in Toledo was dedicated. June 17, 1840. The county commissioners authorized the removal of the county seat to Maumee. May 8, 1843. The. first canal boat, commanded by Capt. Cyrus Belden, left Toledo for Lafayette, Indiana. May 19, 1845. Wapakonica Lodge, No. 38—the first Odd Fellows' lodge in Lucas County—was instituted at Toledo. TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 741 June 27, 1845. The first boat from Cincinnati over the Miami & Erie Canal arrived at Toledo. May 18, 1847. Capt. Daniel Chase's company left Toledo for service in the Mexican war. February 2, 1848. The War with Mexico was brought to an end by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. February 14, 1848. Toledo's first telegraph office was opened by the Lake Erie Telegraph Company. Uriah C. Cleveland was the first operator in the city. June 9, 1849. The first Toledo Board of Trade was organized. November 14, 1849. The Lucas County Agricultural Society was organized. Sanford L. Collins was the first president. October 16-17, 1850. The first agricultural fair in Lucas County was held in Toledo. May 22, 1852. The first through train over the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad ran from Toledo to Chicago. June 1, 1852. Beginning of the cholera epidemic in the lower Maumee Valley. At Toledo there were 130 deaths in five weeks. October 12, 1852. At the general election the county seat was removed from Maumee to Toledo by a vote of 2,172 to 1,262. August 11, 1853. Corner-stone of the old Central High School building was laid. This was Toledo's first high school. September 25, 1853. The Toledo Gas Light and Coke Company was incorporated. July, 1855. The Wabash Railroad was opened between Toledo and Fort Wayne, Indiana. July 26, 1856. The first Toledo Medical Association was organized with twelve members. August 18, 1859. The first passenger train on the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad arrived at Toledo. April 15, 1861. President Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to suppress the rebellion and aid in enforcing the laws. April 25, 1861. The Fourteenth Ohio Infantry left Toledo for the f rontLucas County's first contribution to the Union volunteer army. May 27, 1862. The first street cars were placed in service in Toledo. November 19, 1866. Forsyth Post, Grand Army of the Republic, was organized in Toledo—the first post in Lucas County. December 20, 1869. Toledo Lodge, No. 20, Knights of Pythias, was instituted in Toledo. This was the first lodge of that order in Lucas County. ______, 1870. During the summer of this year Grove K. Gilbert made the first comprehensive geological survey of Lucas County. May 1, 1872. The Pennsylvania Railroad was opened to Toledo. October 21, 1872. Jessup W. Scott and his wife donated to a board of trustees 160 acres of land for the benefit of the Toledo University of Arts and Trades. December 29, 1873. Water was first delivered to the people of Toledo by the new waterworks. January 7, 1876. The Toledo Produce Exchange was organized. January 10, 1877. The Hocking Valley Railroad Company began running regular trains to Toledo. 742 - TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY January 20, 1878. The first telephone was installed in Toledo, connecting the ticket office in the Boody House with the Western Union Telegraph Company's office. June 8, 1878. President Hayes approved an act of .Congress providing for a United States District Court at Toledo. August 15, 1882. The Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad Company began running regular trains. August 25, 1882. Toledo and Detroit were connected by long distance telephone. September 5, 1882. The first street car crossed the Cherry' Street bridge to East Toledo. February 17, 1883. Great flood at Toledo, the water in the Maumee River reaching the highest stage in history. July 4, 1883. The corner-stone of Memorial Hall was laid with appropriate ceremonies. October 18, 1883. Gen. James B. Steedman died at Toledo. July 28, 1885. The Maumee Valley Monument Association was organized to "survey, mark and preserve historic sites." February 22, 1886. Memorial Hall was dedicated to the veterans of the Civil war and the principles for which they fought. October 24, 1886. The Toledo Elks' Lodge was instituted. April 26, 1887. A considerable part of the business district in the Village of Sylvania was destroyed by fire. May 26, 1887. The Steedman monument, at the junction of St. Clair and Cherry streets, was unveiled. The monument was afterward removed to Riverside Park. August 10, 1887. Natural gas was introduced in Toledo. September 3, 1893. The corner-stone of the new courthouse at Toledo. was laid. January 1, 1897. The new courthouse was opened to the public. February 15, 1898. The United States Battleship "Maine" was blown up in Havana Harbor. April 25, 1898. Congress declared war against Spain. April 29, 1898. The first Lucas County troops left Toledo .for service in the Spanish-American war. April 18, 1901. The Toledo Museum of Art was incorporated. April, 1909. Work was commenced on the new post office building at Madison Avenue and Thirteenth Street.  February 24, 1910. The filtration plant supplied the people of Toledo with pure filtered water for the first time. December 16, 1911. The new post office was opened for business. October, 1912. The Toledo Museum of Art was opened to the public. July 4, 1913. The corner-stone of the Perry memorial monument at Put-in-Bay was laid by the Masonic fraternity, the Grand-Master of the Ohio Grand Lodge officiating. November 4, 1913. At the election on this date commissioners were chosen to draft a new charter for the City of Toledo. November 3, 1914. The new charter was ratified by the city's voters by a vote of 21,028 to 16,466. January 1, 1916. The new city charter went into effect. TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY - 743 April 6, 1917. The United States Congress declared war against the German Empire. June 5, 1917. First registration of men between the ages of 21 and 31 years for military service under the selective draft law. In Lucas County 33,914 registered. November 11, 1918. An armistice was agreed to between the Allied and German commanders—end of the World war. November 6, 1919. Henry L. Doherty, president of the Toledo Railways and Light Company, ordered all Toledo street cars taken out of the State of Ohio. March 28, 1920. A tornado did great damage in Fulton County and the western part of Lucas County. August 22, 1920. The Community Traction Company was incorporated with a capital of $10,000,000. November 2, 1920. At the election on this date the people voted for the adoption of an ordinance providing for operation of the street railway system on the service-at-cost plan, under which the city will ultimately own its street railways. February 21, 1921. The Toledo post office was robbed of about one million dollars.