264 - HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY.
CHAPTER XII.
IN REBEL HANDS.
SAD as War is, under any circumstances; and specially sad as Civil War always has been and must be; the worst and most cruel of all the sad features of the War of the American Rebellion, was found in the experience of the loyal Soldiers of the Union when falling into the hands of their disloyal countrymen. Nothing in modern warfare, and nothing in history outside the lawless ferocity of savages, has equaled it. The brutality of the Rebel authorities in that one particular, manifested beyond dispute the spirit which dictated and directed their assault upon the life of the Republic. Such treatment of one semi-savage people by another, would have aroused the indignation, if not the interposition, of the civilized world. The pretext employed in mitigation of such inhumanity, that the Confederate authorities were deficient in supplies and other means for the proper care of prisoners of War falling into their hands, might be accepted in exceptional cases. But no such plea can avail with them. The wrong was the rule, instead of the exception. There was not a prison established and maintained by them for the occupancy of Union Soldiers, which was not the scene of abuse, in some form or other, and to greater or less extent. Prisoners were taken and held with full purpose and intent of savage maltreatment. Such were thrust into prison-pens, with knowledge that all of them would be subjected to inhuman abuse. Aye, worse than that-with guilty foreknowledge, that a large per cent. of them never would come out alive. Conceding that the desperate condition of the Confederates was so great, that such was the best care they were able to give to their prisoners of War, how utterly insufficient is such pretext for their inhumanity. If they knew that they had reached the condition which forbade to them the continuance of warfare in modes recognized among civilized Nations as consistent with common humanity, but one thing was left for them to do, and that was, to cease warfare. They could hardly proclaim in more distinct reducing each man's space to 2x6 feet. form, their wicked persistence in useless and hopeless war, than by their confession that they were no longer able to conduct hostilities according to civilized usages.
No attempt will be made here to present more than brief mention of a very few cases of Confederate brutality toward Union Soldiers falling into their hands. A few cases by no means the worst-will be presented, as indicating what was the character of the treatment experienced by loyal, at the hands of disloyal citizens.
Lieutenant-Colonel E. L. Hayes and Captain W. W. Hunt, of the One Hundredth Ohio, who were of the detachment of that Regiment (300 strong) captured by the Rebels September 8, 1863, near Limestone Station, Tennessee, having been exchanged, reached Toledo, August 19, 1864, where they had an enthusiastic reception by the citizens at White's Hall. They were introduced to the meeting by J. R. Osborn, Esq., who briefly stated their services in the Army, when each of them responded in thanks for their reception, and in statements of their experience. Lieutenant- Colonel Hayes said that among the officers taken with him were Captains Hunt, Taylor, Blinn and Greene. They were hurried off from Jonesboro. At Bristol, the people clamoring to see the " Yankees," Colonel Hayes was taken out to give them "the sight of an Abolition Colonel." At Lynchburg, Virginia, they were confined in jail and illy treated by an officer, who was a renegade from Mount Vernon, Ohio. Thence they went to Libby Prison, Richmond, where, in three rooms, 40x100 feet, were 600 officers, without seats of any sort, and three weeks without blankets. Hearing the cry of "Fresh Fish ! " on entering the room, they were elated by the thought of such diet, but soon learned that, as the latest recruits of the place, they were themselves what among War prisoners were known as, "Fresh Fish." By November, the number of prisoners was increased to 1,050, An or-
IN REBEL HANDS. - 265
ganization for escape was then effected, including 900 members, with Colonel Straight, of Indiana, as leader, which was defeated through the treachery of a member. In May, 1.864, on the approach of Grant, they were hurried off to Macon, where were 1,700 prisoners. Lieutenant-Colonel Hayes was among 40 or 50 officers taken to Charleston, where for 53 days they were under the fire of Union guns. August 30th they were released under exchange, when he left for home. Captain Hunt gave a graphic account of different attempts at escape made by him, and of the ways and means by which he finally succeeded. At Macon eight or 10 tunnels were dug from the prison, one of which was 50 feet in length and within 30 feet of completion when discovered. July 27th, 600 Union officers at Macon were directed to prepare to leave for Charleston. A concerted plan for escape had fallen through, when he and Lieutenant John W. Jaquett, One Hundredth Ohio, who was captured May 24, 1864, at Cass Station, Georgia, determined to try it alone. The train was moving about 10 miles an hour, and while the guards on each side of the door of the freight car in which they rode were asleep, they jumped out between them, lighting on a bank. Ere long they met a couple of colored men, and learned that they were not far from Port Royal Ferry. Mistakenly supposing themselves discovered by a white man, they fled to the woods, finally arriving at the Coosaw River, three miles from the Ferry. On the fourth day of their severe journey they reached the River bank. Lieutenant Jaquett not being a swimmer, Captain Hunt, though very weak, had to cross in search of a boat. This occupied two hours, he swimming most of the way on his back, owing to weakness. But he found himself among friends when he crawled up the bank. Arrangements made by the Soldiers of the Fifty-Sixth New York Infantry, Colonel Van Wyck (recently United States Senator from Nebraska), soon brought Lieutenant Jaquett across the River, whence the two went to Hilton Head, where they met Lieutenant-Colonel Hayes, on his way North, the three coming on together. Lieutenant Jaquett reached home three weeks after the arrival of Captain Hunt. Throughout his perilous escape he was in poor health, suffering from diarrhoea, lasting the five days they were out. He could not continue the journey, and must have failed, but for the great kindness of Captain Hunt, who refused to leave him, saying they would escape together or be captured together." While at Libby, Captain Hunt and Lieutenant Jaquett, in common with most other prisoners, craved acids constantly. Vinegar of the poorest sort, cost $2.00 per pint, and they conceived the plan of starting a vinegar factory. They secured a barrel. In that they put apples, apple parings, blackberries (costing $1.00 per quart, Confederate money), so-called molasses, the rinsings of molasses barrels, &c. The result was a supply of vinegar which met rapid sale at $2.00 per pint. This trade soon met the protest of the Rebel Sutler, and the Yankee vinegar dealers were compelled to << wholesale " to him at $1.00 per pint, while he sold at the snug advance of 100 per cent. This arrangement continued until the manufactory closed by the removal of its proprietors to the Rebel prison at Charleston. The common trials which Captain Hunt and Lieutenant Jaquett shared in Rebel hands, naturally drew them together in bonds of special attachment. From the time of their association as prisoners in Rebel hands until death finally separated them, they were warm friends. Often had they discussed with glee the happy times they would have in coming years of peace, when they should meet to recount common experiences met in defense of their country's life. But all such bright visions were doomed to sad disappointment. Their last association was in the battle of Franklin, November 30, 1864. As that terrific engagement opened, Captain Hunt became possessed by the premonition that he would not live to its close, and so expressed himself freely to his friend, who sought to dispel his apprehension, but in vain. But a very brief space of ti me was required for the verification of such sad presentiment, in the prostrate form of the Captain on the field of battle, where he bad been killed by a Rebel bullet. At night when the fight was over, Lieutenant Jaquett sent a detail to take charge of the Captain's body, who found the same, but were unable to take it along or even to bury it. Suffice it here to say, that the body was at last buried, and after much anxiety and persistent efforts by Lieutenant Jaquett, it was secured and returned to Mrs. Hunt and buried at Cleveland, Ohio. Captain Hunt was in the Boot and Shoe trade at Toledo before the Rebellion, and was
266 - HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY.
held in high esteem by a large circle of acquaintances. Lieutenant Jaquett yet survives his lost friend and resides in Toledo.
J. T. Bengough, formerly the publisher of the Fairmount (W. Va.) National, was a volunteer in the Union Army, and was killed at Winchester, June 14,1863. He had two sisters (Celia and Julia), teachers in the Toledo Public Schools. Miss Celia at once left for the purpose of recovering the body of her brother. August 7th, in a letter from Pittsburgh, Penn., she stated that she had arrived there safe and well, after an imprisonment of five weeks in Castle Thunder, Richmond. She and her brother's widow partially succeeded in their sad errand. They had the body disinterred and buried in a coffin in Winchester Cemetery. Hearing that they would be sent as prisoners to Richmond, and that women there suffered terribly, they concluded to elude the pickets on the Romney road and get to New Creek. After making 20 miles of their journey on foot, they met Rebel Cavalry, were made prisoners and sent to Richmond, where, after five weeks' detention without charges being made, they were discharged.
Captain John W. Sprague, Company E, 7th O. V. I., was the first Union prisoner that reached Washington after release at Charleston. His residence was Huron, Erie County, Ohio. By invitation of the Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society, Toledo, he visited that City and addressed a public meeting at White's Hall, January 30, 1862. His removals-first from the Richmond Tobacco House to Charleston jail, then to Castle Pinckney, and again to Columbia jail-gave him a pretty complete taste of Rebel prison life, outside Andersonville and the other death-pens, subsequently met by Union Soldiers. Captain Sprague rose to the grade of Brigadier General. For many years past (1887) he has been in Oregon, prominently identified with the Northern Pacific Railroad and the navigation interests of that region.
No incident of the Rebellion was more touching in its proof of loyalty and true heroism of the Union Soldier, than was what was known as the " Mitchel Raid," occurring in the spring of 1862. While none of the parties engaged in it were from Lucas, Wood County was represented therein by brave and patriotic men. The story of this memorable expedition, assuccinctly told by John R. French, in a letter of March 26, 1863, to the Cleveland Herald, is given herewith, as illustrative both of the firm loyalty of Union Soldiers and of the inhumanity and fiendish malignity which marked the treatment of these Soldiers when prisoners in the hands of the Rebels. The statement is as follows
Last April (1862), when our most gallant and deeply lamented General Mitchel with his brave little Army had obtained a foothold in Northern Alabama,-this keen-sighted and earnest soldier matured a plan of operations, which, if successful, would have proved of incalculable value to the Federal cause. The first step in the plan, and an absolute necessity to its success, was to cut an important Railroad line by destroying a bridge distant 250 miles in the enemy's country. For this expedition, whose hazard was only equaled by its importance, 22 brave and patriotic men were selected from the Second, Twenty-First, and Thirty-Third Ohio Regiments. In citizen's dress they successfully made their way through the country until they reached the Railroad near Marietta, Ga. Here they purchased tickets for different points and took seats in the first train toward the desired bridge. In a few hours the train stopped for breakfast, and our 22 heroes were careful at once to be found near the head of the train-apparently green fellows from the mountains for the first time gazing at a locomotive. As the engineer and fireman left their places for the breakfast-room, two Ohio men stepped on, while a third pulled the pin, disconnecting all but four cars from the engine-and away went our 22 men, while five regiments of Rebels quartered at that station stood wondering at the short stop and unusual speed of the train.
With this train they successfully accomplished 100 miles of their journey-and nearly reached the bridge -but unexpected delays on account of several extra trains on the road that day, frustrated their plans, and they narrowly escaped capture, the company scattering in the woods and mountains, each to make his way back to our lines as best lie might. The whole country was summoned to the hunt, and with trained blood hounds finally every man was taken. After a number of the men had been taken and had been brought to the village of Chattanooga, the mob gathered around and demanded the purpose of the expedition, the name of its leader, the name of the engineer, and the hiding places of those not yet taken. All bravely refused to give a word of information. Then those uncivilized barbarians called out the youngest of the prisoners, a gallant lad of 18 years from Hardin county by the name of Jacob Parrott, a name that in all the hereafter shall be dear to every Ohio heart, bid him strip his clothing from his back, and while a ruffian stood on either side with a cocked pistol to his head, a third with brutal vigor applied the cowhide, telling him that the whipping should continue until he disclosed the desired information. Not a sound passed the young hero's lips, not an entreaty for mercy, not a groan even, while every blow gashed the quivering flesh. When an hundred lashes had been thus inflicted, a Rebel officer standing by interfered, saying : "It was evident the boy wouldn't tell, and he'd be d-d if he'd standby and see him killed."
After all had been caught, they were hand-cuffed in threes, and an iron chain made fast to the back of each, and then made fast to the neck of each, and then all thrust into a pit in the ground, dug beneath an old Stone Prison at Chattanooga-full of filth and vermin from former use ; and here without light, and
IN REBEL HANDS. - 267
barely air enough to support life, thus chained and entirely naked, in this sweltering heat, and filth and vermin too horrible for description, and crowded and packed as the Slaver packs his middle deck, for three long weeks were confined these twenty-two Ohio men ! When they were brought out they could hardly crawl.
But I will not harrow up the feelings of the reader by further recital of the 11 months' experience of these men with the devils and damned spirits of the South. During these 11 months they were confined in eight different dungeons and prisons. Eight of their number, after months of outrage, without an hour's warning, were hung, and under too brutal circumstances for recital. Their death-warrant was signed by General Leadbetter, a Copperhead Volunteer in the Rebel Army from Maine, and endorsed by Kirby Smith. Seven of their number, on one occasion broke jail-two reached our lines at Corinth, and five the rebels claim to have shot. The remaining six reached Washington on Saturday last. Their names are E. H. Mason, Jacob Parrott, Win. Pettinger, Robert Buffum, Wm. Reddick and Wm. Benninger. They are receiving from Ohio men and the officials of the Government the attention they deserve. Yesterday morning, in company with Mr. Wetmore, the very efficient Ohio Agent for this point, at his special solicitation they called upon the Secretary of War. Numbers of Military and Civil dignitaries were anxiously awaiting outside to see Mr. Stanton, but were required to wait until the patriotism of these heroic soldiers had been commended, and their merit rewarded. Mr. Stanton familiarly shook each one of them by the hand and introduced them to Secretary Chase and Andrew Johnson. He then, in a conversational and unreserved style, addressed Mr. Parrott, the gallant Soldier who had been ignominiously cowhided by the rebels, informing him that he had heard of his persistent devotion to his flag under the most trying circumstances and appreciated his merit. Secretary Stanton (opening a morocco case) further informed Mr. Parrott that "Congress had authorized him to present. medals to such Soldiers, as shall by their brave deeds prove that they deserve them. None of these medals have yet been awarded to any Soldiers, and I now present you with the first one that has been issued by authority of the late act." The Secretary then presented each one of Mr. Parrott's companions with alike medal.
When the surprised recipients of these honorable badges had warmly thanked the donor, they were completely taken aback by Secretary Stanton presenting each one of them with $100, with the remark that that was an additional testimonial of his respect for them, and a very slight remuneration for their suffering.
Secretary Stanton requested Mr. Wetmore to ask Governor Tod, in his name, to appoint each one of these gentlemen patriots to a First Lieutenancy in such Regiments as there may now exist vacancies. If there are no such vacancies he assured them that he would brevet each of them First Lieutenants in the Regular Army. The Soldiers remained for sometime in conversation with the Secretary and the other gentlemen present.
President Lincoln having requested the Soldiers to pay him a visit, on taking leave of the War Office, they went directly to the White House, with General Hitchcock and Mr. Wetmore, where they were received with exceeding warmth of feeling by the President. Mr. Lincoln manifested the utmost sympathy for their sufferings, and commended them for the uncomplaining courage with which they had submitted to them. He thanked them on behalf of the people. They departed after a very interesting interview of half an hour's duration.
These men have been granted a month's furlough and to-day or tomorrow start for their Ohio homes, where they will receive a welcome worthy of their heroism. I was about to add that I was proud that my home too was in a State that breeds such heroes but we will claim not all of this honor for Ohiofor it is abundant for our entire common Country every State and league of it.
In 1880 John A. Wilson (better known as "Alf." Wilson), of Haskins, Wood County, had published a very interesting statement of the Mitchel Raid, in which he was a participant. He gave the names of his associates as follows:
J. J. Andrews and Wm. Campbell, citizens of Kentucky.
Marion A. Ross and Perry G. Shadrack, Company A, Second Regiment O. V. I.
George Wilson, Company B, same Regiment.
Wilson W. Brown, Company F, same Regiment.
Wm. Pettenger, Company G, same Regiment.
J. R. Porter, Mark Wood, and J. A. Wilson, Company C, Twenty-First Regiment, O. V. I.
Wm. J. Knight, Company E, same Regiment.
Wm. Bessinger, Company G, same Regiment.
Robert Buffum, Company H, same Regiment.
John Scott and E. H. Mason, Company K, same Regiment.
M. J. Hawkins, Company A, Thirty-Third Regiment O. V. I.
Wm. Reddick, Company B, same Regiment.
Wm. Wollam, Company C, same Regiment.
Samuel Robinson, Company G, same Regiment.
D. A. Dorsey, Company H, same Regiment.
Jacob Parrott, Company K, same Regiment.
Samuel Slavens, same Regiment.
Two others started on the expedition, but fell so far behind their associates, that they returned to the Union lines.
Mr. Wilson's story is replete with facts and incidents not given in the brief sketch of Mr. French, the two agreeing substantially in the main points. Mr. Wilson says that of the original party of 22 who landed at Marietta, eight had been hung, leaving 14, who were in Atlanta prison together. Of these eight made good their escape, and reached the Union lines, to wit
J. A. Wilson, of Haskins, Wood County, Ohio.
M. J. Hawkins, residence unknown.
W. W. Brown, Wood County, Ohio.
Wm. J. Knight, North Pacific Junction, Minnesota.
Wm. Wollam, residence unknown.
John R. Porter, Carlisle, Arkansas.
Mark Wood, deceased.
Mr. Wilson and Mark Wood were not with their six associate raiders when they were at Washington ; but they also made the visit, and like the others were received with testimonials of admiration and respect for their heroic conduct. The President said to him: "Mr. Wilson, it affords me great pleasure to take you by the hand; and I thank God that your life has been spared." After introducing him to a
268 - HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY.
company of distinguished callers, the President sat down by Mr. Wilson, manifesting as much interest in him as if be had been an old and valued acquaintance. On leaving, the President took him by the hand, saying " Each member of your expedition shall have a commission ; and if the Governor of Ohio does not give you a commission, Mr. Wilson, I will give you a Lieutenant's commission in the Regular Army."
Both the experience and the spirit of Union Soldiers in the hands of the Rebels, are well shown in the following private letter from Lieutenant (now Captain) F. T. Bennett, 18th Regiment United States Army, son of the late Henry Bennett, Esq., of Toledo
LIBBY PRISON, RICHMOND, VA., October 22, 1.863.
DEAR MOTHER :- I have been here since the 1st and I am getting used to Prison life. I am perfectly well and have not seen a sick minute since I came here. There are a great many officers here. We have five large sleeping rooms and a dining hall, which is a large room, lighted with gas. We have dances, cards, theatres, and all kinds of amusements here. There is either preaching or prayer meeting in one of the rooms every evening. Yesterday we had a sermon by the Catholic Bishop of Richmond, a very smart man. We get Richmond papers every morning. Captain Hunt got a box from his wife yesterday, filled with all sorts of good things. I wrote to you for a box and hope you will send it right along. Almost every officer that has been here any time has got a box from home lately; should like drawers, shirts, stockings, blankets, coffee, sugar, ham, &c. Capt. Hunt and Lieut. Forsyth are well. Capt. Hunt got two Toledo papers, one with a notice of my capture. I am glad that you heard it so soon.
Write often and send lots of papers. Remember me to all.
Your affectionate son,
FRANK T. BENNETT.
In January, 1865, the Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War made the treatment of Union prisoners in Rebel hands the subject of special investigation. To that end, they took the testimony of many Union Soldiers and others, who had personal knowledge in the premises. Among those thus examined was Albert D. Richardson, then a correspondent of the New York Tribune in the South. His testimony was specially distinct and clear, presenting the real character of the prisonpens of the Rebels, in better form than was that of any other witness. He said:
I was captured by the Rebels, May 3, 1863, at midnight, on a hay bale in the Mississippi River, opposite Vicksburg. After confinement in six different prisons I was sent to Salisbury, N. C., Feb. 3, 1864, and kept there until December 18, 1864, when I escaped, months Salisbury was the most endurable prison I had seen ; there were 600 inmates. They were exercised in the open air, comparatively well fed and kindly treated. Early in October 10,000 regular prisoners of war arrived. It immediately changed into a scene of cruelty and horror. It was densely crowded. Rations were cut down and issued very irregularly. Friends outside could not even send in a plate of food, The prisoners suffered constantly and often intensely for want of bread and shelter. Those who had to live or die on prison rations, always suffered from hunger. Very frequently one or more divisions of a thousand men would receive no rations for 24 hours, sometimes were without a morsel of food for 40 hours. A few who had currency would pay from five to twenty dollars in Rebel currency for a little loaf of bread. Many, though the weather was very inclement, and the snow frequent, sold the coats from their backs and the shoes from their feet. I was assured on authority entirely trustworthy, that a great Commissary warehouse near the prison was filled with provisions. That the Commissary found it difficult to find storage for his flour and meal. That when a subordinate asked the first Commandant Major John H. Gee, " Shall I give the prisoners full rations? " he replied : "No, G-d d-n them, quarter rations." I know from personal observation that corn and pork are very abundant in the region about Salisbury. For weeks the prisoners had no shelter Whatever. They were all thinly clad ; thousands were barefooted ; not one in twenty had an overcoat or blanket; many hundreds were without shirts, and hundreds were without blouses. One Sibley tent and one "A" tent were furnished to each squad of one hundred; with the closest crowding these sheltered about half the prisoners, the rest burrowed in the ground, crept under the buildings, or shivered through the night in the open air upon the frozen ground. If the Rebels at the time of our capture had not stolen our shelter tents, blankets, clothing and money, we would have suffered little from cold. If the prison authorities had permitted them either on parole or under guard to cut logs within two miles of the prison, the prisoners would gladly have built comfortable and ample barracks in one week ; but the commandant would not consent ; he did not even furnish one-half of the fuel needed. The hospitals were in a horrible condition ; more than half who entered the hospitals died in a very few days; the deceased, always Without coffins, were loaded into the dead-cart, piled on each other like logs of wood, and so driven out to be thrown into a trench and covered with earth. The Rebel Surgeons were generally humane and attentive, and endeavored to improve the shocking condition of the hospitals, but the Salisbury and Richmond authorities disregarded their protests. On November 25. many of the prisoners had been without food for 48 hours, and were desperate ; without any mature plan a few of them said: "We may as well die in one way as another ; let us break out of this horrible place." Some of them wrested the guns from a relief of 15 Rebel Soldiers just entering the yard, killing two who resisted, and wounding five or six others, and attempted to open the fence, but they had neither adequate tools or concert of action. Before they could effect a breach every gun of the garrison was turned on them, the field pieces opened with grape and cannister, and they dispersed to their quarters. In five minutes from its beginning the attempt was quelled, and hardly a prisoner was to be seen in the yard. The rebels killed in all sixteen and wounded sixty. Not one-tenth of the prisoners had taken part in the attempt, and many of them were ignorant of it until they heard the guns. Deliberate cold-blooded murders of peaceful men, where there was no pretense that they were breaking any prison regulation, were very frequent. Our lives were never safe for one moment; any se ntinel at any hour of the day or night could deliberately shoot
IN REBEL HANDS. - 269
down any prisoner, or fire into any group of prisoners, black or white, and would never be taken off his post for it. I left about 6,500 remaining in garrison on December 18th, and they were then dying at the rate of 28 per day, or 13 per cent. per month. The simple truth is, that the Rebel authorities are murdering our Soldiers at Salisbury, by cold and hunger, while they might easily supply them with ample food and fuel. They are doing this systematically, and I believe are killing them intentionally, for the purpose either of forcing our Government to an exchange or forcing our men into the Rebel army.
The following Soldiers died while imprisoned at Jacksonville, Florida, at the dates named:
111th Ohio- L. S. Russell, Co. B, July 19, 1864; Win. Wickham, Co. B, Jan. 29, 1864; D. B. Clark, Co. D, June 6, 1864; I). Stephenson, Co. B, July 9, 1864; M. G. Crane, Co. B, May 7, 1864; S. Jones, Co. B, July 24, 1864; Wm. Facer, Co. K, April 18, 1864; M. G. Burns, Co. B, July 14,1863; - Anderson, Co. B, Julie 7, 1864.
100th Ohio- R. N. Foster, Co. A, March 30, 1864; Abe Gardner, Co. A, March 30, 1864; Michael Sull, Co. K, March 18, 1864; H. Pierce, Co. A, July 19, 1864; Geo. Amos, Co. C, May 15, 1865; C. Smith, Co. A, May 18,1864; Samuel Greek, Co. C, April 22, 1864; J. A. Weating, Co. K, May 29, 1864; H. Stevens, Co. B, June 1, 1864; Jas. Logan, Co. K, May 29, 1864.
67th Ohio- John Reamer, Co. E, April 28, 1864.
14th Ohio- J. G. Conrad, Co. G, July 14, 1864.
Soldiers who died at Danville, Va.:
21st Ohio- J. R. Wilfong, Co. G, August 6,1864; E. Pursell, Co. K, April 26, 1864; G. Main, Co. F, April 3, 1864; J. Travis, Co. F, April 1, 1864; C. B. Scott, Co. K, 141 arch 23, 1864; J. Morehead, Co. C, Dec. 20, 1863; F. Henry, Co. G, Dec. 15, 1863; W. Cummings, Co. G, March 7, 1864; J. McFerrin, Co. K; R. Ireland, Co. C, Jan. 21, 1864; F. M. Krill, Co. H, Jan. 16, 1864; H. Copus, Co. G.
49th Ohio- G. R. Debolt, Co. K, April 14, 1864.
38th Ohio--A. Austerman, Co. C, March 9. 1864.
14th Ohio- R. Townsend ; A. Nicholson, Co. F.
From September 12, to November 14, 1864, the following deaths occurred in the Savannah Prison Hospital:
S. Fraxler, 100th O. V. I.; Jas. Ace, Co. G, 10th O. V. C.; C. Gordon, S. Overeyeas, and J. C. Berry, 72d O. V. I.; J. McCabe, Co. A, 25th O. V. I.
Deaths at Charleston, in December, 1864:
Lieut. S. P. Harnley, 100th O. V. I.; Lieut. B. Gilmer, 72d O. V. I.; Capt. B. F. Ewers and John Miller, 100th O. V. I.
In April, 1865, was published a list of Ohio Soldiers who had died at Andersonville, which includes the following names:
14th Ohio- Wm. Samse, Co. H; O. Halbert, Co. A; Corporal Wm. Gaunt, Co. I; M. Lutz, Co. C; F. Spegle, Co. D; Sergeant G. E. Church, Co. C; C. Bruhning, Co. G; J. Warner, Co. C; S. McComb, Co. K; Eli Burchfield, Co. G; H. Vanfleet, Co. I; J. Cepp, Co. I; H. Waldron, Co. A.
100th Ohio- Corporal H. Price, Co. A; Sergeant P. H. Holly, B; R. M. Foster, A; M. Still, H; M. R. Metcalf, E; H. Stephens, E; John Lovely, K; C. Fowler, A; Geo. Beaver, C; Geo. Amea, K; C. Smith, A; Jos. Wentling, K; H. Benor, E; E. W. Ostrander, H; J. M. Zuber, B.
111th Ohio- Wm. Wickham, Co. B; Wm. Facar, K; N. Crosser, C; D. Meek, K; J. W. SWineheart, B; D. V. Clark, B; A. K. Raney, B; Corp. S. Hudison, B; D. Stevenson, B; L. T. Russell, B; S. Jones, B; J. Stevenson, B; K. Cline, B; J. Decker, B; Corp. W. Demming, B; G. L. Brown, A; R. Meek, K.
21st Ohio- Sergt. Geo. McMurry, Co. G; J. Harrison, I; Sergt. S. Hull, E; G. Pratt, G; A. H. Phoenix, H; Sergt. G. Smith; J. Lindsay, D; A. Arnubrish, D; Corp. P. L. Gingere, E; Corp. S. Marshall, G; H. Riggs, H; C. Meyer, I; J. Night. E; E. Kelley, D; Geo. H. Reid, H; G. Jolly, K; Wm. Hibbett, D; A. T. Manahan, D; H. G. Watson, A; M. Fanaman, E; G. Caswell, C; W. Patten, D; P. S. Davidson, K; F. Pinert, C; E. Whiting, K; Sergt. E. W. Brown, E; Ira Ward, H; A. Cary, A; H. M. Clark, A; Wm. Forrest, K; G. H. Morrison, H; J. Powers. K.
72d Ohio- A. Almond, Co. A; M. J. Stanner, F; M. Perrin, A; G. H. Lowe, C; H. Potter, E; P. Sopser, G; John Pursell, D. O. Hudwell, C; L. Wentworth, A; H. Sturdevant, A; Corpl. N. S. Hains, C; J. Ross, H; S. Blackman, G; C. Frankinburg, G; M. Weaver, H; Wm. Hinton, A; H. Shook, F; N. J. Zink, E; M. Lockner, E; Corpl. F. Stodler, E; P. Donahue, K; S. Jackson, E.
27th Ohio- P. M. McClaine, Co. A; A. Gilland, F.
67th Ohio- Corporal J. Kenny, Co. E.
68th Ohio- A. Colemam, Co. K; R. Maymene, D.
3d Ohio Cavalry- Ed. Niver, Co. I; J. W. Rex, K; H. Ferguson, D; J. B. Jones, M.
In the sane month Col. H. 0. Bayerson, of the 18th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, furnished a list of Union Soldiers dying in Confederate prisons, which contained the following names
L. Doran, Co. B, 100th O. V. I.; Oct. 12, 1864.
J. Carey, K, 47th O. V. I.; Oct. 13, 1864.
Corporal G. Freeman, 3d O. V. C.; Oct. 16, 1864.
E. Hener, A, 123d O. V. I.; Oct. 23, 1864.
J. Hutchison, A, 72d O V. I.; Oct. 31, 1864.
J. Watson, A, 3d O V. C.; Nov. 1, 1864.
C. P. Holloway, F, 14th O V. I.; Nov. 3, 1864.
J. Johnson, F, 72d O V. I.; Nov. 9, 1864.
Wm. Harker, A, 38th O V. I.; Nov. 13, 1864.
P. Walters, 72d O V. I.; Nov. 15, 1864.
G. Gardner, G, 14th O V. I.; Nov. 19, 1864.
C. Sweeney, F, 100th O V. I.; Nov. 24, 1864.
Corpl. H. Bayden, E, 3d O V. C.; Dec. 11, 1864.
J. Bishop, 21st O V. I.; Dec. 14, 1864.
L. Hawk, H, 72d O V. I.; Jan. 16, 1865.
J. Walter, D, 72d O V. I.; Jan. 23, 1865.
Sergt. I. Reed, F, 123d O V. I.; Feb. 10, 1865.
J. W. Bishop, K, 49th O V. I.; Feb. 10, 1865.
P. Atwater, K, 123d O V. I.; Feb. 16, 1865.
C. Sheller, D, 72d O. V. I.; Feb. 18, 1865.
C. Piper, D, 72d O V. I.; Feb. 19, 1865.
S. Patterson, F, 72d O V. I.; Oct. 8, 1864.
S. Delorine, D, 3d O V. C.; Oct. 8,1864.
J. Hammershaugh, D, 8th O V. I.; Oct. 9, 1864.
S. Taylor, I, 3d O V. C.; Feb. 1, 1865.
F. Smith, I, 3d O V. C.; Feb. 2, 1865.
J. Porter, 14th O V. I.; Feb. 3, 1865.
An official list of all Ohio Soldiers who were buried in the Cemetery at Andersonville, Ga., up to October, 1865, contained the following named members of Regiments in which Lucas County was represented. The number
270 - HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY.
preceding the name indicates the grave, and the date the time of death:
35. J. W. Hall, A, 14th O V. I.; March 11, 1864.
58. M. Steele, K, 100th O V. I.; March 18, 1864.
66. M. R. Metcalf, E, 100th O. V. .; March 19,1864.
185. W. Wickham, B, 111th O V. I.; Mar. 30, 1864.
250. H. Stevens, B, 100th O V. I.; March 31, 1864.
311. R. M. Foster, A, 100th O V. I.; April 3, 1864.
636. W. Francis, K, 11th O V. I.; April 18, 1864.
691. G. Beaver, B, 11th O V. I.; April 23, 1864.
693. S. Greek, C, 100th O V. I; April 23, 1864.
765. J. Kenney, Corp.. E, 67th O.V. I.; Apr. 27, '64.
928. M. Crossar, B, 111th O V. I.; May 6, 1864.
965. W. C. Corley, B, 111th O. V. I May 8, 1864.
998. D. Mack, K, 111th O V. I.; May 10, 1864.
1,160. W. Sames, H, 14th O V. I.; May 19, 1864.
1,449. S. Wentling, K, 100th O V. I.; May 28, 1864.
1,679. D. Clark, B, 111th O V. I.; June 7, 1864.
1,724. D. Anderson, B, 111th O. V. I.; June 7, 1864.
2,245. E. W. Ostrander, H, 100th O.V.I.; June 20,'64.
2,251. B. F. Decker, B, 111th O V. I.; June 21, 1864.
2,775. C. Halbert, H, 14th O V. I.; July 2, 1864.
2,842. J. Hudison, Corp., B, 111th O.V.I.; July 3,'64.
3,225. J. M. Zuber, B. 100th O V. I; July 12.1864.
3,251. W. Garnet, Corp., I, 14th O V. I.; July 13,'64.
3,299. M. G. Burns, D, 111th O V. I.; July 14, 1864.
3,307. J. Q. A. Connand, G, 14th O V. I.; July 14,'64.
3,555. El. Pierce, A, 100th O V. I.; July 18, 1864.
3,613. S. T. Russell, B, 111th O V. I.; July 19, 1864.
3,903. S. Jones, B, 111th O V. I.; July 24, 1864.
4,688. J. Mie, Corp., B, 111th O V. I.; Aug. 4, 1864.
4,789. D. Martin, L, 3d O V. C.; August 5, 1864.
5,105. F. Charles, A, 100th O V. I.; August 9, 1864.
5,287. J. Stevenson, B, 111th O V. I.; Aug. 11, 1864.
5,330. F. Spiegle, D, 14th O V. I.; Aug. 11, 1864.
5,373. J. Schem, K, 111th O V. I.; Aug. 11, 1864.
6,022. H. Cline, B, 111th O V. I.; Aug. 17, 1864.
6,043. J. Decker, B, 111th O V. I.; Aug. 18, 1864.
6,108. G. E. Church, Sergt.,C, 14th O.V.I.; Aug.18,'64.
6,152. G. L. Brown, F, 111th O V. I.; Aug. 19, 1864.
7,490. C. Burning, G, 14th O V. I.; Sept. 1, 1864.
7,836. V. H. Halley, Sergt.,B, 100th O.V.I.; Sept.4,'64.
8,396. J. Warner, G, 14th O V. I.; Sept. 10, 1864.
9,225. H. Ferguson, D, 3d O V. C.; Sept. 19, 1864.
9,241. J. P. McComb, H, 14th O V. I.; Sept. 19,1864.
9,358. J. Lovely, K, 100th O V. I.; Sept. 20, 1864.
9,530. C. Fowler, A, 100th O V. I.; Sept. 22, 1864.
9,700. J. B. Jones, M, 3d O V. C.; Sept. 24, 1864.
9,897. E. Burchfield, 14th O V. I; Sept. 27, 1864.
10,472. H. Vanebert, C, 14th O V. I.; Oct. 7, 1864.
10,834. J. Cepp, I, 14th O V. I.; Oct. 12, 1864.
11,034. H. Waldvm, A, 14th O V. I.; Oct. 16, 1864.
12,042. J. Wickham, H, 14th O V. I.; Nov. 16, 1864.
12,772. W. H. Bowers, A, 100th O V. I.; Mar. 13, 1864.
Ransom's History of Andersonville concludes with the following summary, taken from a report prepared by a Rebel Prison Inspector, Dr. Joseph Jones, Surgeon P. A. C. S.:
"The variation from month to month of the proportion of deaths to the whole number of living is singular and interesting. It supports the theory I have advanced above, as the following facts taken from the official report, will show:
"In April, 1 in every 16 died.
" In May, 1 in every 26 died.
" In June, 1 in every 22 died.
" In July, 1 in every 18 died.
" In August, 1 in every 11 died,
" In September, 1 in every 3 died.
" In October, 1 in every 2 died.
" In November, 1 in every 3 died."