757 - HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY

CHAPTER I.

(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE)

TRADERS AND MERCHANTS.

THE earliest persons engaged in commerce in this part of the Maumee Valley were Indian traders. Such were the Ewings at the Rapids; John Hollister, at Perrysburg; Robert A. Forsyth, General Hunt and others, at Maumee, from 1816 to 1833.

The first goods offered for sale to white and red men alike, in what is now Toledo, were by John Baldwin and Cyrus Fisher, in 1823, at the old log Warehouse, built in 1817, at the mouth of Swan Creek, near the foot of Monroe Street (South side). From 182S to 1831, John and Marquis Baldwin carried on like trade at the same place.

The next Store opened in Toledo, was that of Lewis Godard, under charge of Sanford L. Collins, in 1831, as elsewhere stated.

The first building erected in Toledo for strictly mercantile purposes, was that built at the corner of Summit and Lagrange Streets, in the Summer of 1832, by Sanford L. Collins, for Lewis Godard and Elkanah Briggs (firm of Godard & Briggs), which was supplied with a stock of Goods that Fall, and conducted by Messrs. Collins and Briggs until 1833, when Mr. Collins, as anent for Godard, sold the latter's interest to Mr. Briggs.

The third Store was opened in 1832, by Ebenezer Fisher, on the old Turnpike (now Detroit Avenue), at what was soon after called Tremainesville. Mr. Fisher built a sort of block-house there, in which he kept his Store and the first Port Lawrence Postoffice, of which he was Postmaster.

The fourth store was opened at Tremainesville a short time after Mr. Fisher's in the same year, by Calvin Tremaine (after whom the Village was named), who succeeded Mr. Fisher in the Postoffice, and in 1834 sold out to Dr. Sutphen.

The fifth was also at Tremainesville, built by Sanford L. Collins, in connection with a small dwelling, which he occupied for his residence, in 1833, and occupied that Fall with a stock of Goods, which he brought by water from New York. In 1834, Mr. Collins took in as partners, his brothers, John W. and Morgan L. Collins, the firm being S. L. Collins & Co., and so continuing to 1837, when they sold out to Horace Thacher and M. T. Whitney. Mr. Collins succeeded Mr. Tremaine in the Postoffice, which, in 1833, had been changed in name to Tremainesville, upon the establishment of Port Lawrence Postoffice at Port Lawrence.

W. J. Daniel & Co. began business as merchants in 1835, in a store adjoining the Toledo House, on Summit Street.

Daniels & Goettel (Munson H. Daniels and Henry Goettel) began and carried on a large mercantile business on the corner of Perry and Swan Streets. In 1836, they put up two threestory brick stores on the corner of Monroe and Summit Streets, and in the Fall of that year, moved into the corner one. These stores were burned October 16, 1860.

A. Palmer & Co. began trade about the same time in a frame store, which was torn down in 1859 to make room for the block belonging to V. H. Ketcham.

Samuel B. Scott and Worden N. Richardson (firm of Scott & Richardson) were among the merchants in 1836 ; their store was oil Summit Street, near Walnut.

In 1836, Clark & Bennett occupied a twostory frame store on the Southeast corner of Summit and Lagrange Streets. This old store was afterwards occupied by Ketcham & Snell, and afterwards by Elijah S Hanks, until it was burned in 1845.

Four stores were built on the corner of Summit and Monroe Streets in 1843. In the Spring of 1844, the corner store was opened by A. Ralston & Co. (Alexander Ralston and Solomon Linsley) as a Drug Store ; the firm afterwards became Linsley & Co., which was succeeded by West & Truax and West & Vanstone. Another one of the stores was leased by Charles O'Hara, for a Wholesale Grocery. Afterwards it was taken by V. H. Keteham & Co., and was continued for some years by their successors, Secor, Berdan & Co.

It would not be profitable here to occupy space with au attempt at detailed statement of succeeding dealers in merchandise. For such information, it will be sufficient to refer the readers to the record found on pages 480 and 487, inclusive, where will be found the names of large numbers of individuals and firms in trade from 1835 to 1887.

THE GROCERY TRADE.

It is not entirely certain who in Toledo was the first dealer in Groceries ; but the first record of the kind found, is the advertisement in the Gazette of March 12, 1835, of A. K. Gibson & Co.. Groceries and Provisions, " on the Wharf, next door to A. Palmer & Co." (Summit Street, between Monroe and Perry.) Gro-

758 - HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY.

ceries were then usually included in a general stock of merchandise.

In 1837, appear, in the same line, G. B. Spicer, Douglass & Jennings, Wm. Anderson, S. B. Worden, Comstock & Erwin and George H. Rich.

In the year 1836, Valentine H. Ketcham commenced business in this City, in general merchandising, and continued the same, part of the time in connection with a brother (S. S. Ketcham, now of Washington Township), until 1840, when he was joined by Joseph K. Secor, as a Clerk, but who ere long became a partner, the firm name being Ketcham & Secor. Their business was general, including most classes of goods, and adapted to jobbing in a moderate way. They also dealt to some extent in produce. In 1854, Mr. Ketcham retired from the business, and was succeeded by Peter F. Berdan, when the new firm of Secor, Berdan & Co. was formed, with George Secor, a former employe of the house, as a partner. During the year 1856, the latter gentleman withdrew, and the business was continued under the same firm name. January 1, 1858, James Secor. Maro Wheeler and John B. Ketcham, former Salesmen of the house, were admitted as partners. In the Winter of 1860-61, it was determined to confine the trade to Groceries, exclusively. This change proved to be very satisfactory in results, the business increasing very rapidly, and soon attaining to $500,000 per year, against one-half that amount previously. January 1, 1864, John B. Ketcham retired from the firm ; and one year from that date, J. K. Secor, after an active connection of 25 years with the house, also withdrew. During this year (1865) John Berdan, for several years the Cashier of the Banking-house of Ketcham, Berdan & Co. and of the First National Bank of Toledo, was admitted to the firm. For 12 years thereafter, no change occurred in the proprietorship, the business, meantime, steadily increasing in volume and profit. On the 1st of January, 1877, Peter F. Berdan, having then been 23 years an active partner, retired, and Norman Waite, for several years a Salesman of the house, was admitted to the firm. Maro Wheeler, after some 25 years' active connection, withdrew January 1, 1880, when Arthur F. Secor, son of J. K. Secor, became a partner. At this time (1887) the firm is composed of the following persons, viz.: James Secor, John Berdau,Norman Waite and Arthur F. Secor. Mr. Ketcham commenced business in 1836, on St. Clair Street, Northwest corner of Alley, opposite head of Perry Street, where he remained for one year, when he removed to No. 32 Summit Street, between Perry and Monroe. The next year (1838) he went to the corner of Summit and Lagrange Streets, succeeding Dr. Jacob Clark and Philo Bennett in trade. In 1841, the establishment returned to No. 32 Summit Street; whence it went to Morris Block, corner Summit and Jefferson. Here it remained until it occupied the large store built by J. K. Secor, 116-118 Summit Street, in 1861. Continuing at that place for 23 years, the establishment in 1884 was removed to its present capacious and convenient quarters in the Hall Block, Northeast corner of St. Clair and Jefferson Streets. Thus, for over 50 years, has this house and its predecessors maintained a continuous business, with increasing success, until it has come to be one of the largest and most successful establishments of its kind in the West.

December 3, 1847, first appeared the announcement of the new firm of Bell & Deveau, as dealers in Dry Goods and Groceries, which were sold " exclusively at wholesale," the firm consisted of Robert H. Bell and James Deveau. The trade of the house was so flattering, that during the first year it reached $55,000,-an amount then regarded as immense. This firm continued until 1853, when W. S. B. Hubbell became a member, and the name was changed to Bell,Deveau & Co. Three years later Wm. Bolles became a partner, and the firm name was Bolles, Bell & Hubbell. In 1858 the business of the house was divided --Bell, Holcomb & Co. taking the Groceries, and Messrs. Bolles and Hubbell (Wm. Bolles & Co.) the Dry Goods. In 1864, George Emerson purchased the interest of Horace Holcomb in the Grocery House, when the name of the firm became Bell, Emerson & Co. Mr. Bell retired in 1871, since which time the firm name has been Emerson & Co., Mr. Emerson's partners now (1887) being Pliny Watson and Zebulon C. Pheatt. The trade of the house has steadily increased in volume, until it has reached the annual aggregate of $1,500,000, with every prospect of future advance. It is recognized as not only one of the most honorable and substantial houses of Toledo, but of the West, its trade extending over several States.

Of the partners above mentioned, Messrs. Deveau and Hubbell have died. Mr. Bolles resides at Hartford, Conn.; and the others are in Toledo.*

PETER FREDERICK BERDAN was born in Brunswick, Medina County, Ohio, October 23, 1824. He was a son of John and Pamela (Freese) Berdan. The father was born in New York City, December 16, 1798. The mother was born in Lee, Massachusetts, February 4, 1802. The father was a merchant and Justice of the Peace at Brunswick, and otherwise prominent in business, as in social and religious circles. The country thereabouts was then pretty much a wilderness, and the Village little more than a Hamlet. Hence, the traffic of the Store made very moderate return in profits.

After the foregoing was written Mr. Emerson also died.

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In September, 1835, the family removed to Toledo, arriving there amid the most intense of the excitement connected with the boundary dispute or the "Toledo War." Mr. Berdan soon engaged in the Forwarding and Commission business, with B. H. Peckham (the firm name being Peckham & Co.), whose warehouse was at the foot of Lagrange Street. This firm did most of the business of the kind in Toledo, the Steamboats generally stopping at their dock. As elsewhere stated, upon the organization of a City Government for Toledo, in 1837, Mr. Berdan was chosen as its first Mayor, serving as such for a term oft a o years. In 1839, he was elected by the State Legislature as Associate Judge for Lucas County, which position he filled with special credit until his death, October 11, 1841. No name is borne in the memory of the early settlers of Toledo with more respect, than is that of John Berdan, who throughout his residence there, as throughout his life, manifested conscientious regard for the rights of his fellowmen, while, in all ways open to him, contributing to their well-being. Peter's educational privileges, aside from the careful attention of his parents, were meagre. At Brunswick he attended for a short time a School taught by a female teacher, who accompanied the family to Toledo. He had no male School teacher save while for one year at Gambier Seminary, which term closed when he was 12 years of age. If entered upon his business life when 13 years old, as clerk in the Store of Titus & Co., Toledo, at a salary of $75 per year (without board). At that time $500 was the highest salary paid to any clerk. He remained with Titus & Co., and with Gid. W. Weed, successor to that firm, until 1845, when he engaged in the same capacity with the firm of Ketcham & Secor V. H. Ketcham and Joseph K. Secor), remaining there for three years. In 1848 Mr. Berdan and Salmon H Keeler organized the firm of Berdan & Keeler, dealers in general merchandise, the partners contributing, respectively, to the capital stock of the firm, the sums of $156 and $132, their savings from clerkships. They were associated in successful trade for six years, and until the firm of Secor, Berdan & Co. was organized in 1854, with which Mr. Berdan was connected until his retirement from active business, in January, 1877. Such change was largely the result of impaired health, caused in great measure by long years of' incessant business cares, rarely interrupted by any cause. Few men in Toledo or elsewhere have passed as equal period of time in like unremitting devotion to the demands of trade-made the more imperative by the steady increase and extension of' its volume. Mr. Berdan's withdrawal from routine cares of trade, did not take him from the circles of business. While judiciously consulting health in comparative relaxation, he was not without interests furnishing exercise for his mind. He was for many years a stockholder and long a Director in the Second National Bank; was a stockholder and for seven or eight years a Director in the Toledo Gas Light and Coke Company; was a heavy stockholder and for an equal period a Director in the Wabash Elevator Company; and was among those who organized and put in operation 'the Maumee Rolling Mill, in which Company he was from the first and until his death a Director. In these various channels, both his capital and his superior business capacity were made effective to the common prosperity. In no sphere of action did Mr. Berdan more fully manifest his appreciation of the claims of his fellow-citizens upon his attention and aid, than in his long and prominent connection with the Fire Department of Toledo. Entering such volunteer service of the City as soon as old enough to warrant that relation, he maintained the same, with special success, won by personal sacrifice known to few of the present generation in Toledo. "Old No. One Engine Company," of which for years he was Foreman, was largely indebted to his untiring devotion, for the high position to which it attained, and which it held so long as the system of which it was a prominent part was in existence. Mr. Berdan was actively identified with the prosperity of First Congregational Church, Toledo, with which his father and family and his own family were connected throughout a period of over 50 years. He was long connected with the Middle Bass (Put-in Bay) Association, at which place with his family for many seasons previous to his death, he spent much of his time, and was greatly benefitted thereby. he was eminently a man of domestic attachments, whose chief happiness always was found within the charmed circle of his home. Mr. Berdan was married October 21, 1852, with Maria Waite, only daughter of Judge H. M. Waite, of' Connecticut, and sister of Chief' Justice M. R. Waite and Richard Waite, of Toledo. She died in Toledo, September 3, 1864, aged :33 years. She left five daughters-Mary B., wife of Walter Shepard, of Buffalo, New York; Ida M., wife of E. C. Bodman, now of New York City ; Alice A. (deceased), wife of Arthur E. Baker, of' Toledo; Julia, wife of Oliver Rodgers, of Toledo; and Pamela, of Toledo. Mr. Berdan was married in New York June 21, 1866, with Mary Elizabeth Ketcham, who with three children-Anna Secor, Frederick and John Milton-survives him. Mr. Berdan had one brother-John Berdan, so long associated with him in trade, and vet in the same business: and two sisters Rachel A., widow of the late V. H. Ketcham; and Mary M. (deceased), wife of Dr. E. M. Buckingham, of Springfield, Ohio. Not least of the many conditions contributing to the happy domestic circle of Mr. Berdan, has been the part borne therein by his venerable mother, throughout a

760 - HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY.

widowhood now near a half-century in duration. Rarely, indeed, has a family been blessed with such presence and support; and even more rarely, has such blessing been attended by like precious results.

JOHN WILLIAM MAY was born at Hartford, Connecticut, August 30, 1808, His parents, Ralph and Mary (Hall) May, were representatives of two families conspicuous in the annals of literature, commerce and public life. John May, a lineal ancestor of the subject of this sketch, came from England in 1740, with his two sons, John and Samuel, and settled in Roxbury, Massachusetts, where many of his descendants yet reside. Mr. May's father was born at Wethersfield, Connecticut, in 1780, and died at New York, in 1819, while on his way to Boston from Savannah, where he had become a successful Cotton Broker, even at that early period, being interested with his wife's brothers, so long known in commercial circles, in large Cotton operations, with headquarters at Boston and Savannah. Soon after the death of Mr. May, his entire property at Savannah was destroyed by fire, without benefit of insurance, leaving his wife and six children (then at Hartford, Connecticut), without means for support. From the mother's side Mr. May largely received his taste for literary work, which ever was with him a marked characteristic, as it was with his ancestors, many of whom gained wide reputations as authors of historical and scientific works. Until his 15th year, Mr. May resided at Hartford, attending the superior Schools of that City, whereby he acquired not only the best rudimentary education, but became versed in different languages, which acquirements in after years were made proficient by travel and study. The eldest child of a family deprived of' a father's care, at the age named he began his commercial career by entering the office of the Cotton Broker house of his uncle, Henry Hall, in Boston, remaining there three years. He then went to Savannah, and there entered the branch office at that place. His health soon failing, he was compelled to seek outdoor employment, when he shipped on a Whaling Vessel for a cruise to the North Seas, which occupied over three years. On his return he came West, stopping at Detroit until 1834, when he came to the young and struggling City of Toledo, stopping at a hotel near the present site of the American Hotel (St. Clair Street, head of Perry). The prospect to him was not specially inviting, and he soon decided to locate on a farm, now near the City of Monroe, Michigan. In the following Fall he taught School in Monroe, and in the Spring began the cultivation of his farm. For some ten years he pursued such work, meantime, in the different ways open to a man of his temperament and acquirements, made himself useful to his neighbors. Having early in life become impressed by the terrible effects of intemperate use of alcoholic drinks, he made it a special object, by both example and precept, to warn his fellow-citizens against that curse, in which work his special gift of ready expression was highly effective. In 1844, Mr. May Opened a Commission House in Monroe in connection with Carlos Colton (afterwards of Toledo), and Mr. Bronson, of Buffalo. In 1845 he opened a like house at Hillsdale, Michigan, where he soon gained a prominent position. He was for a time the Postmaster at that place, resigning the office in 1853, when he removed to Toledo, where, with I. N. Hathaway, was established the Commission House of May & Hathaway, at the corner of Monroe and Water Streets. Soon thereafter, with Alonzo H. Hathaway, he opened the first exclusively Wholesale Grocery House in Toledo, in the Morris Block, Southeast corner of Summit and Jefferson Streets. With that establishment Mr. May was actively identified until his withdrawal from business in 1870. For some years he devoted considerable attention to Stock Brokerage in New York, where he spent considerable of his time. In 1871 he made an extended tour through Great Britain and Continental Europe, and revisited the same in 1873, whereby he added much of information, while greatly enjoying his travels. Politically, Mr. May was originally a Whig, subsequently acting with the Republican party when the same was organized, to the principles of which he was strongly attached. During the War of the Rebellion, he was a steadfast supporter of the Government in its defense of the Union. He had neither ambition nor taste for public or official prominence, but was content faithfully to meet the obligations of a private citizen. For a long time he suffered severely from a disorder of the heart, causing much pain and inconvenience, all of which he met with patience. He died August 29, 1877, which event was an occasion of general sorrow in the community, and especially on the part of those who best knew him. A peculiar trait, and one which greatly promoted his success in life, was his indomitable firmness. This quality was shown while he was Postmaster in Hillsdale. It seems that his endorsement was demanded by the party in power for a particular measure connected with the Slavery agitation, whew he promptly wrote across the ' back of the paper, in distinct letters, the word Never." Contrary to his expectation, and to the assurance of his neighbors. he never again heard of' the matter. An important element in Mr. May's business career consisted in his rule of living within his means. Socially, Mr. day's chief' delight was with the little coterie of true friends, where he was much admired. His humor was ever pleasant and happy.

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Naturally a student, he was ever ready with his store of information for the entertainment and profit of listeners, while his private virtues gave special value to his mental attainments. Without ostentatious display, his active sympathy for the needy was well known among his acquaintances. He was an attendant at the First Congregational Church, Toledo, of which his family were members. It was within the sacred precincts of the domestic circle, that his true character was more fully revealed and most highly appreciated. It was there that his kindness of heart was most clearly seen and loved. Mr. May was married in 1835 with Lucretia Comstock, who was born in the State of New York, May 6, 1816. Five children-two sons and three daughters-were born to them. The sons died while young, George Henry (aged 13) being drowned at Hillsdale. The daughters are, Mary Elizabeth, wife of Henry A. Stevens, of Cleveland ; Harriet Georgiana, widow of the late Anthony W. Barlow, Toledo; and Gertrude, wife of William P. Heston, of Toledo.

GEORGE EMERSON was born in Plymouth, Richland County, Ohio, February 9th, 1820, and died at Toledo, July 28, 1887. He was a son of Avery Emerson, a native of Keene, New Hampshire, whose father, John Emerson, served in the Army of the Colonies throughout the Revolutionary War. George's parents were married in Auburn, New York, the mother's maiden name being Sophronia Allen. They came West in 1819, locating in Plymouth on a tract of wild land, to the improvement of which Mr. Emerson's efforts were at once directed, with such success that ere long it was brought under good cultivation, and was productive of the crops common in the West. The experiences of Mr. Emerson and family were not different essentially from those of the great body of Western pioneers. Incessant toil, limited resources, scanty facilities, sickness and lack of educational, religious and social advantages, made up the sum of life with them, through all which they made the heroic struggle which alone can win success in such a battle. Nine children were born to the parents-five sons and four daughters, of whom George was the eldest. Such relation devolved upon him at a very early period responsibilities and labors which taxed his activity. In 1837, finding his farm too small for the prospective needs of his family, Mr. Emerson removed to Steuben County, Indiana, where he purchased 600 acres of Government land. They were the very earliest family in the Township in which they settled. Here they were called to trials even more severe than those met in Ohio ; but the indomitable will and energy of the parents and older children soon made their mark upon the wilderness, and in due time they rejoiced in the possession of one of the best farms in that section. The nearest Grist and Saw Mills were in Lagrange County, 15 miles distant, and were reached only through the forests, by very imperfect roads. George attended the District School for a few winters while in Plymouth, such advantages being shortened by the burning of the only School House within reach. After arriving in Steuben he attended a School for one term. He remained at home, assisting his father until he was 21 years old. When 22 years of age, he had been able to pick up enough of education to qualify him to teach School. Having an ambition for trade, he engaged with a merchant in Fremont, Steuben County, remaining there about one year, when he returned to the farm, and soon commenced business on his own account, by purchasing his father's crop of wheat, which he took to Fort Wayne, the transaction netting a small balance. When 26 years of age, he found himself with a cash capital of $500, most of which had been saved from wages at $12.00 per month, or about $100 per year out of $144. He was chosen County Assessor, for which service he received $2.00 per day. In partnership with John Thompson, a wealthy man, who desired a store at Thompson's Mills (now Flint), he commenced merchandising at that place. In 1846 he went to New York for his first stock of goods, which included the usual range of country stores, and amounted to $2,800. His route East was via Hillsdale, Monroe and Toledo; thence by Steamer to Buffalo; by Canal and Railway to Albany; and by River to New York. He was gone four weeks. He was two weeks in making his selection. His purchases were on six months' time, with the privilege of a year. The times seemed to be favorable for his enterprise. Besides a successful store trade, he purchased considerable wheat at 50 cents and sold it for $1.00 ; and at the end of his first year, he had made $1,600, on his capital of $500. In 1849 he removed to Orland, same County, where he continued trade, as senior partner of the firm of Emerson & Jackson. Mr. C. L. Luce, late of Toledo, deceased, was then in trade at that place. In 1852 Mr. Emerson was elected Treasurer of Steuben County, notwithstanding the party of which he was the nominee was in a minority in the County. Such result was due to the effective support given him by Mr. Luce, who, a few days before the election, had started East with a drove of cattle ; but on reaching Maumee, Lucas County, Ohio, he became so apprehensive of Mr. Emerson's defeat, that he left his drove, made haste home, arriving just in time for effective work for his friend at the polls. In 1854 Mr. Emerson was re-elected Treasurer, meantime having removed to Angola, the County-Seat. In 1856 he purchased a Dry Goods Store at Angola, in which he was successful. He remained there until 1864. He

762 - HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY.

was a delegate to the Republican National Convention that nominated Lincoln in 1860. Coming to Toledo in 1864, as already stated, he purchased an interest in the Wholesale Grocery House of Bell, Holcomb & Co. After coming to Toledo Mr. Emerson repeatedly declined propositions for his nomination for public offices, including those of Member of Congress and Mayor of Toledo. The only public position he accepted was that of Sinking Fund Commissioner of Toledo, an office without emolument. He was for several years a Director in the First National Bank of Toledo. Of a retiring disposition, averse to personal prominence, and devoted to the important interests of the house of which he was the head, Mr. Emerson had the reputation of a sound, conservative business man, and a citizen of substantial worth in all respects, his influence, as were his sympathies, being always on the side of sound morals, good order and the well-being of his fellowmen. His record is specially valuable in showing what constitutes the true basis of an honorable and successful business life. The young man, who, on a yearly income of $144, is able to lay by $100, as capital for future investment, not only cultivates the practice of economy, but at the same time trains his desires to the limits of moderate means and healthful habits of living. It may truly be said, that no similar event in Toledo has been attended with more expression of sincere regret and respect, than was the death of Mr. Emerson ; and it was notable that such manifestation was freest and strongest from those who knew him best. A spontaneous meeting of members of the Wholesale Grocery trade was held at the office of Secor, Berdan & Co. but a few hours after his death, at which were adopted a preamble and resolutions bearing highest testimony to his business and private worth, setting forth that " his character for strict business integrity, honesty of purpose, and courteous deportment, was such as to endear him to every one who became intimately acquainted with him." As a testimonial of their esteem for the deceased, the members of the meeting resolved to close their respective places of business at the time of the funeral, and in a body attend the same. In accordance with such purpose every Wholesale House in the City was closed during the burial services, which took place at the residence of the family (corner of Madison and Eighteenth Streets), whence the remains were attended by a large concourse of citizens to Woodlawn Cemetery, the pall bearers being employes longest with the firm of which deceased was the head. The Toledo Blade (July 30th), referring to the death of Mr. Emerson, said: "He was an unostentatious man ; but his heart was large and his impulses always in the right direction. Not in the history of Toledo has there been such an outpouring of sympathy on the part of the business men, as in the case of George Emerson. It was seemingly a slight tribute, but it meant more than words could tell." Mr. Emerson was married with Miss Nancy M. Kellogg, of Mottville, Michigan, in 1852. They had three children, of whom one, Mrs. Florence I., wife of Lawrence Newman, of Toledo, is now living.

RUDOLPH A. BARTLEY was born in Wuertemberg, Town of Rafenepurg, Germany, May 9, 1851, and is a son of Gebbard and Josephine (Genter) Bartley. He came with his parents to America in 1854. His father is a Miller by trade, and previous to his coming to America was engaged in milling. His parents first settled in Perrysburg, Ohio, but soon removed to Lucas County, where many years his father was engaged in farming, but of late years has lived a retired life in Toledo. Mr. Bartley's boyhood was spent on a farm, where he became acquainted with the usual toil of a Farmer's son. His education was limited to the advantages afforded by the District School of the neighborhood, which he attended until his 17th year. At that time the natural inclinations of his mind led him to abandon the farm for the wider field of commercial pursuits. He commenced his business career as Clerk for the Grocery firm of H. & F. Barnes, of Toledo, where he remained for two years; after which he served for over three years in a similar capacity with J. A. Speyer. In 1871, Mr. Bartley, in connection with Enos Cousino, under the firm name of Cousino & Bartley, commenced the Grocery business at 307 Summit Street. The undertaking, backed by experience, energy and enterprise, was a success. In 1881, after 10 years of well-directed labor, Mr. Bartley purchased his partner's interest in the business and became sole proprietor. During that year, he further extended his business by purchasing the Grocery stock and leasing the adjoining double store of J. C. Wuerfel. From this date until June, 1885, he occupied Nos. 303, 305 and 307 Summit Street, and carried on both Wholesale and Retail Grocery trade. At the latter date he removed to his present more ample quarters, at Nos. 272 and 274 Summit Street, where he has since been engaged in the Wholesale Grocery trade exclusively, which has already assumed large proportions. In the building up of his present successful and growing business Mr. Bartley has displayed unusual business foresight, energy and perseverance. His success can be attributed to fair and honorable business methods, a keen knowledge of the demands of trade and an untiring personal supervision, united with an economic administration of every detail of his business. Among the youngest men in Toledo engaged in his line of trade, he has already established for himself an enviable reputation as an honorable business roan, and one whose success is built on such stable foundation.

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ROBERT H. BELL was born in Youngstown, Westmoreland County, Penn., December 16, 1823. In 1825, the family removed to Middlebury (now within Akron, Summit County), Ohio. When 21 years of age, he went to St. Joseph, Mich., where, with Edward Kent, he formed the firm of Belt & Kent, Merchants. In 1845 they removed to Chicago, for like business. As a result of the loss of what was known as the " Wabash trade," through the opening of the Wabash Canal to Toledo, Chicago soon was brought to a crisis, which largely prostrated its business, and reduced its population. After two years of waiting for a revival, Mr. Bell decided to follow the lost trade, and came to Toledo in 1847. There, with the late James Deveau, he organized the firm of Bell & Deveau, the first exclusively Wholesale house in that City. They dealt in pretty much everything, save Hardware, Drugs and Medicines. The history of this establishment (now Emerson Co.) is given oil page 758. Mr. Bell retired from the house in 1872, and operated to some extent in real estate, the result of which, in consequence of the financial disaster following the panic of 1873. was unfortunate. His active life was always identified with the public welfare in different ways. Commencing as a member of the Chicago Engine Co. No. 3, of which he was Foreman, he resumed such service on coming to Toledo, and maintained the same for a period of 18 years, during most of which time he served as Assistant and Foreman of Engine No. 1, and as Assistant and Chief Engineer of' the Department, withdrawing in 1866. It is safe to state, that to no other citizen is Toledo more deeply indebted for the efficiency of its Volunteer Fire Department, than to Mr. Bell, whose long and active devotion in that connection was without interruption. He also placed the people of Toledo under special obligation to him for courageous and effective service rendered during the different visitation, of cholera (1849, 1852, 1854). Regardless of personal ease or safety, and with the open hand of liberality, he sought out :end .ministered to the needs of victims of that dread scourge, regardless of age, sex, condition or nationality. Like liberality and enterprise have distinguished him in connection with other matters of public concern, as occasion offered. Though never holding an office of profit, he gratuitously served his fellow citizens in different public positions, including those of Councilman and Alderman. Politically, he started life as a Whig, acting with that party until it was merged into the Republican party, with which he since has acted, and of which he was the nominee for Sheriff in 1885, though not elected. Mr. Bell was married February 22, 1844, with Miss Delia A. Chittenden, at Akron. They had four children-John M., now of Chicago ; Nettie T. (deceased), wife of Alex. Backus, of Toledo; Roberta, of Toledo; and one dying in childhood.

ELWOOD BATEMAN was born August 28, 1825, in Springboro, Warren County, Ohio. His parents, Jacob and Rachel (Mullin) Bateman, were natives of Pennsylvania-the father being of Welsh-English and the mother of IrishEnglish descent. For several generations, their families had been identified with the Society of Friends, dating back well toward the days of Fox. About 1807 a Mission was established 1w the Friends among the Indians in Northwestern Ohio, the location being the old Indian Village Waupaukonnetta near the present Town of Wapakoneta, Auglaize Count v. Jacob Bateman for about two years was Companion to the Missionary at that point. Associated with others, about 1810, he laid out the Village of Springboro, the owners constructing Flouring and Sew-Mill and Carding Machine. At the Schools sustained by the Friends, the son's educational privileges were better than the average of Western pioneer settlements. When 18 years of age, he went to Cincinnati, to make his start in business life, and there spent three Years in learning the trade of shoemaking In 1846, he went to Attica, Indiana, remaining• there 13 years, being employed as Clerk in the Grain Warehouse of a brother, Kersey Bateman, and in a Dry Goods store. He went to Danville, Illinois, in 1859, and in connection with N. C. Porter, established a Grocery and Provision Store, remaining in successful trade for seven years. In 1867, with Mr. Porter anti a brother, Clarkson W. Bateman, he opened a Wholesale Boot and Shoe Store (firm of N. C. Porter & Co.), is Toledo. Withdrawing from this establishment in 1869, Mr. Bateman established at No. 441 (new number) Summit Street, the Grocery and Provision business winch he has continued for the period of 19 years, with a degree of success and acceptability to customers not exceeded by any like establishment ill Toledo, where he has justly come to be recognized as the leading Retail Dealer in his line of trade, a man of unexceptional personal habits, he has ever stood as a firm friend of sobriety and good order. Mr. Bateman was married September 5, 1.850, with Miss Jane P. La Mont, of Owego, N. Y. They have hail five, children-LaMont, of Toledo; Mary, who died ill childhood ; Caroline, wife of Frank P. Russell. San Jose, California; Rachel, wife of George I. Law, of' Lincoln, Nebraska; and Ruth E., of Toledo. Mrs. Bateman is recognized as among the most active and efficient friends of Temperance in Toledo, having for many years taken prominent part in support of that cause, in connection with the Women's Christian Temperance Union and other branches of the saint work.

JOHN B. KETCHAM was born August 27, 1832, at Cornwall, Orange County, New York his father, Samuel Ketcham, was a farmer and miller, who was married with Miss Rachel Sands, at Cornwall. John B. remained tied at home

762b - HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY.

Until 20 years of age, working on the farm and attending District School during the Winters. In 1852, he came to Toledo, where he soon. engaged as clerk with Ketcham & Secor, and afterwards in like capacity, with Secor & Berdan. In 1854, upon the organization of the Wholesale Grocery house of Sec-or, Berdan & Co., he became a partner in the same, and continued as such until 1862. At this time, with Henry W. Gillett, he established the firm of Ketcham & Gillett, for the prosecution of the same business, which continued until 1864. when Mr. Gillett sold his interest to L. L. Morehouse and James M. Brigham, of Waterville, the firm name becoming Ketcham, Brigham & Co. Mr. Brigham dying in 1869, the surviving partners continued as the firm of Ketcham & Morehouse. In 1872, Charles W. Bond and John B. Ketcham 2d taking the interest of Mr. Morehouse, the firm of Ketcham, Bond Co. was formed, and continued until the retirement of the last two named partners, in 1884, leaving the business with the senior partner, who continued it until 1887, when it was finally closed, and Mr. Ketcham opened an office as Merchandise Broker and Manufacturers' Agent. Mr. Ketcham served for seven years as a member of the Hook and Ladder Company, in the old Volunteer Fire Department, and one year as Assist. ant Chief Engineer. He was married October 15, 1863. at Cleveland, Ohio, with Miss Mary E. Knott. They have two sons, henry A. and .John S.

EMMOR A. ROOD was born near Ravenna, Portage County, Ohio, March 4, 1838. His father, Norman Rood, was a native of Litchfield County, Connecticut, and his mother, Louisa (Tibbits) Rood, a native of Oneida County, New York. The father came West about 1821 , and settled in Portage County. The mother coming in 18'27, they were married there. The father owned a farm which he managed, but his time was largely devoted to trade which took him much front home. Enamor was eldest of a family of 1a children-10 sons and three daughters-which relation as years advanced, devolved on him special obligations, which were faithfully met. At 14 years, with one brother, he attended the Seminary at Hiram, Portage County, where their attention was divided between a small farm and that School. They found there lames A. Garfield, then contributing to his expenses by caring for the fires and ringing the Seminary bell. Subsequently Emmor recited to Mr. Garfield. At 21 he commenced business life as traveling dealer in gun-powder, which he continued with special success until 1869. The following year be came to Toledo and was connected with the Union Manufacturing Company for two years. Prom 1872 until 1882 he was in the Grocery and Provision trade on Monroe Street, and in 1884 resumed that business at his present stand, Northwest corner of Summit and Orange Streets. His life from the start, has been one of uninterrupted activity, throughout which he has maintained a record creditable to him. To the extent of opportunity, he has taken active interest in whatever concerned the moral or material well-being of his fellow-citizens. With Mrs. Rood, he is a member of First Baptist Church, Toledo. he was married at Ravenna, June 6, 1861, with Miss Sarah A. Dorman of that Town. They have two children-Prentice E., and Mary Louise, both of Toledo. Of his father's family, have died the father and five children, leaving the mother and seven sons and one daughter.

TORANCE D. PARKER was born near Bellevue, Ohio, November 29, 1845, the residence of the family being a log-house. .His parents were Joseph and Catharine (Adams) Parker, both natives of the State of Maine, the father and mother of Scotch descent. The children consisted of five boys and three girls. All of these are now living, except one (Elbridge C.), who was accidently drowned in 1855, near West Sister lsland, Lake Erie. All except Torance D. were born in Maine. When he was three years old, the family removed to Port Clinton, Ottawa County. The father was a Ship Carpenter, and supported the family by such labor. The son enjoyed such educational advantages as were supplied by the Common Schools of the Village. When 17 years of age (in 1863), he enlisted in the Union Army for the suppression of the Rebellion, and served until the close of the War, receiving his final discharge July 4, 1865. In the Spring of 1866 he went to Odell, Livingston County, Illinois, where he engaged in the Boot and Shoe business, with a brother. This not proving a success, he ranted land and spent two year's in tilling the soil. In 1872 he returned to Ohio, and bought 75 acres of land, to the clearing of which he devoted two years. Concluding that not to be his lifework, he came to Toledo in 1875, where he was engaged by the Lake Shore Railroad Company as Special Policeman, and acted as such until 1878. He then engaged with Morgan Hollingshead (firm Hollingshead & Parker), in the business of Retail Grocery and .beat Market, 66 Monroe Street, which arrangement continued for one year, when Mr. Parker took the business which he yet pursues at 412 Monroe Street, and where by strict application to business, and attention to every want of his pat roes, he at present commands a very liberal and increasing trade. Mr. Parker was married at Toledo, December 7, 1880, with Miss Jessie Mehl. They have one child, Ralph A., now five years of age.

TRADERS AND MERCHANTS. - 763

DRY GOODS.

As elsewhere shown, the pioneer dealers in Dry Goods in Toledo, were John Baldwin and Cyrus Fisher, who opened a small stock in 1823, being followed in 1828, by John and Marquis Baldwin, both at the foot of Monroe Street. These were small stocks. In 1831 came Lewis Godard's stock of general merchandise, in charge of S. L. Collins. In 1835, there were in such trade, A. Palmer & Co., Andrew Clark, W. J. Daniels & Co., and I. C. Smith. These were followed by a succession of dealers too long for statement here, many of whom are named elsewhere. Among the prominent Wholesale Dry Goods houses of the past, were Wm. Bolles & Co., Keeler, Hubbell & Co., followed by Cummings, Wason & Bolles, Eaton & Backus, Luce, Chapin & Blass, C. L. Luce & Co., and others, mentioned elsewhere in this volume.

FREDERICK EATON, the well-known Dry Goods Merchant of Toledo, was born at Sutton, New Hampshire, February 10, 1836, and is descended from ancestors whose record in New England reaches back to the days of the Colonies. His paternal great-grandfather commanded a Company at the battle of Bunker Hill, and served in the Army throughout the Revolutionary War. The parents of Mr. Eaton (John and Jeannette G. Eaton) were natives of New Hampshire. His father, whose occupation was that of a Farmer, died in 1873 ; his mother died in 1846. Of' their family of nine children-six sons and three daughters one daughter died in infancy. The others are living. Two brothers-General John and Colonel L. B. Eaton-are graduates of Dartmouth College, and have held conspicuous military and civil positions. The former entered the Army as Chaplain of the 27th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was afterwards promoted, by recommendation of General Grant, to the rank of Brigadier-General, and placed in command of the "Contrabands" in the campaign from Cairo to the Gulf' of Mexico. After the War he assisted in organizing the Freedman's Bureau, and in 1870 was appointed by President Grant, Commissioner of Education at Washington, D. C., a position which he held until 1886. Colonel L. B. Eaton was in command of a Regiment in the Army of the Tennessee, and after the War was appointed by President Grant United States Marshal for West Tennessee. He has since represented the City of Memphis in the State Legislature, and is one of the wealthy men of that City. Mr. Eaton has one brother, a farmer, in Santiago, California; another is a Dry Goods merchant, at Grand Rapids, Michigan ;the youngest, Charles, being an Attorney-at-Law of the Toledo Bar. His oldest sister resides in Boston, and the other (unmarried) lives at home in New Hampshire. The boyhood of Mr. Eaton was passed at his rural home in Sutton, working on the farm and acquiring such knowledge as he could gain at the country Schools. Circumstances compelled him to forego the advantages of a Collegiate education, which to most aspiring youth is an object of worthy ambition; but it does not always afford the best training for business success. The young man who learns to labor and practice self-discipline usually succeeds in the race of life. The Clerk who is willing to work at first for a small salary, and who saves his means, masters himself at the same time that he masters his business, and is much more likely to succeed than the young collegiate who relies upon his diploma. Mr. Eaton learned his business, and at the same time fitted himself for it in the school of experience. No College education could have made a merchant of him had he not possessed the requisite genius in himself. This was early foreshadowed by his choice of the mercantile occupation, and more fully manifested by the energy, persistence and success with which, amidst many discouragements, he developed the business during its early stages, and has finally crowned it with a success attained by few in his line of mercantile pursuit. Clerking only long enough to get a little means wherewith to establish business for himself, he was obliged to study the most rigid economy, as his salary at first was very small. He worked as a Clerk three years in a country store for $50.00 for the first year, and an increase of $25.00 for each year thereafter, until the expiration of his contract. At the close of this engagement, he not only found himself with something in his pocket, but was so well up iii proficiency and reputation as to be able to command a salary of $300 for a year's service in a large Dry Goods house in Manchester, New Hampshire. At the expiration of his clerkship there, in August, 1856, Mr. Eaton cane to Toledo, following his brother John, who had preceded him, and was at that time Superintendent of the Public Schools of the City. Mr. Eaten's first engagement in Toledo was as a Clerk for Messrs. Hobart & Gleason, and then for Messrs. Keeler & Hunt. In September, 1857, was formed the firm of F. Eaton & Co. (Frederick and John Eaton, Jr.), who then opened a Dry Goods Store, at 115 Summit Street, with the savings of the partners as capital stock. The year of their commencement was inauspicious, foor it was the year of the "great panic of "57," which was precipitated by the failure of the Ohio Trust Company in October, and was widespread and disastrous in its results. They were among those who were enabled to pull through the panic, and in the Summer of 1858 located their business at 79 Summit Street, subsequently adding No. 77 to their establishment. In August, 1859, Asa

HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. - 764

Backus, from Connecticut, succeeded John Eaton, Jr., and the firm name became Eaton & Backus. In December, 1863, C. A. King, under an arrangement with the firm, having erected the fine building at the Northeast corner of Summit and Madison Streets, they there opened the Palace Store. In 1866, they removed to 169-171 Summit Street, which in 1872 was destroyed by fire, with heavy loss. During the same year was built the capacious quarters, 165-171 Summit Street, which are yet occupied. In 1872 Mr. Backus withdrew from the firm, and returned to Connecticut, and Mr. Eaton continued the business, as he has done to this time. Thus, for over 30 years has he held a position of prominence among the business men of Toledo. During that period his business has had a steady and successful development, growing with the increasing demands of a growing City and country, and with the enlargement of the Wholesale trade throughout the West. When he opened his first store he had the assistance of 'a single Clerk, and, as he says, " slept upon the counter at night as a substitute for insurance policies and burglarproof safes." Now over 200 Clerks, Salesmen and Accountants are busily employed in the various departments, attending to the wants of a multitude of customers. As an illustration of the growth of the business, it may be stated that the first year the sales amounted to $15,000, while in 1887 they reached the large sum of $1,250,000. The two stores occupied by the principal business are the largest in the State, with the exception of a similar establishment in Cincinnati, and are thoroughly supplied with all the best modern appliances for the transaction of trade. With succeeding years other departments have been added to that of Dry Goods, such as Notions, Millinery, Clothing, Boots and Shoes, Hats and Caps, Carpets, Upholstery, Furs, Crockery, etc. In the development and successful management of this large business, Mr. Eaton has attained to first rank among the merchants of his State. He possesses a keen, active intellect, and great energy and business sagacity. While able to generalize rapidly, he has acquired complete mastery of the details necessary to success in a large mercantile business, such as he is carrying on. The remarkable success which he has achieved has been due largely to these qualities, together with the unremitting personal supervision which he has always given to his affairs. He is as active and alert to-day in overseeing every detail as he has ever been at any period of his life. Few men watch their business more closely, or look more sharply after the leakages which might soon carry away a fortune. His means and energies have not been devoted exclusively to merchandise. Mr. Eaton has always been actively interested in public improvements, and in many enterprises calculated to advance the growth and prosperity of the City. He was one of the founders of the Milburn Wagon Works, and has been a stockholder in that corporation since its organization. He is one of the Directors of the Gendron Iron Wheel Company, which he helped to organize ; also a stockholder in the Union Manufacturing Company, the Toledo Moulding Company, the Citizens' Electric Light Company, and the Tri-State Fair Association, and has been from the first, one of the Directors in the latter organization. He aided in establishing the Merchants National Bank, and the Merchants' and Clerks' Savings Institution of Toledo, and has been a Director (and is now Vice President) of the former for 16 years, and of the latter for 15 years. While he has been thus actively identified with the commercial and industrial development of the City, he has also been an earnest worker and generous contributor in behalf of her moral, religious and charitable institutions. He is a member of the Advisory Board of the Protestant Orphans' Home of Toledo, and has been a member of First Congregational Church since 1858, and is one of the Trustees. In politics he is a Republican, but has never sought or held any political office. Mr. Eaton was married March 8, 1861, with Miss Mary H., daughter of R. M. and Sophia Shirley, of Goffstown, New Hampshire. Their only child (a daughter), died in 1876, at the age of 10 years. Mrs. Eaton died January 2, 1887.

CHARLES LEVERETT LUCE was born in Windsor, Ashtabula County, Ohio, August 12, 1826, and died at Toledo, September 15, 1886, aged 60 years, one month and three days. His father, Joshua W. Luce, was a farmer. His mother was Mary (Gray) Luce. In 1836, when the son was 10 years of age, the family removed to Steuben County, Indiana, where the father purchased land, which he tilled. To this time, Charles's educational advantages had been limited to a District School, and he had no such advantages thereafter, beyond what he was able to pick up, being employed on the farm until be was 21 years of age, save a portion of the time when engaged with his brother, Cyrus G. Luce, now (1888) Governor of Michigan, in running a Carding Machine and Cloth Dressing. Meantime, the financial condition of the father was such as to tax fully the resources of the sons, who to the extent of their abilities in labor and self-denial, met the demands of the hour, and with success. What was involved in such struggle, none but those acquainted with the conditions of a new and sparsely settled country, can judge. Arriving at his majority in 1847 (the partnership with his brother having been closed), Charles went into a Store as Clerk, to take such wages as his employer, upon trial of him, should see fit to pay. He soon was placed on a salary of $15.00

TRADERS AND MERCHANTS. - 705

per month, with board. Remaining there for one year, he made arrangements for opening a Store on his own account at Orland, Indiana, and visited New York for the purchase of goods for such purpose. As capital for the venture, he had $350, the profits on 40 acres of wheat which his fattier had permitted him to raise on the farm. Without letters of credit, so common in such cases, he was left, as basis for purchase, chiefly to the small sum at his command, and whatever of confidence his simple statement and personal appearance might do for him. Suffice it to say, be found no difficulty in obtaining all the goods he wished, which were shipped to Orland, when his business life was fairly inaugurated. From the start it was a success, so much so that ere long he opened a second store at Angola, in the same County with Orland, in which were employed as Clerks, Frederick C. Chapin and James Blass. In 1856 Mr. Luce engaged largely in the Cattle trade-purchasing stock in his neighborhood and taking them to New York for market. It was in connection with one of these trips, that occurred the incident so characteristic of him), mentioned in the biographical sketch of Mr. George Emerson, elsewhere. Mr. Luce continued in business in Indiana until 1865, Mr. Chapin meantime becoming associated with him. At the date named was formed the firm of Luce, Chapin &, Blass, which came to be so well known in the Wholesale Dry Goods trade at Toledo. Their first location was at 176 Summit Street (old number), whence they soon removed to 32-34 Summit Street (old number), remaining there until the removal in February, 1873, to the resent location, 132-134 Summit (old number). n 1874, the co-partnership having expired by limitation of time, Mr. Luce continued the business, under the firm name of C. L. Luce Co., which arrangement existed until his death. Not long thereafter was organized The L. Luce Company, by which the business is yet (1888) continued. With all the constant demands of a large business on his attention, r. Luce found time for active co-operation with his fellow-citizens in many directions for he common welfare. The various local enterprises designed for such purpose, were sure to have his sympathies and largely his active and efficient support. From time to time, during is 21 years residence in Toledo, he was associated with various enterprises of public nature. He was a stockholder and a Director in the Toledo, Ann Arbor and Northern Railroad ; in he Toledo, St. Louis and Kansas City Railroad; in the Turnbull Wagon Company; and the Second National Bank of Toledo. For any years he was largely interested in Toledo Street Railways. Few of the business men Toledo took as active an interest as did Mr. Luce in current political affairs, though ever with reference to official position, the few offices held by him being purely of a local character, as member of the Board for the Equalization of Taxes, and of the City Sinking Fund Commission, in both of which his judgment was very serviceable. Politically, he was a Republican, as he formerly was a Whig, and was always recognized as potential in party matters. Throughout his long business life, his upright bearing and sound discretion were fully recognized and appreciated, giving him much influence wherever his name was known. Such exceptional power was due, first, to his known intelligence and sound judgment; and second, to the characteristic independence and frankness of his treatment of questions challenging his attention. He knew no fear in the utterance of his opinions, but met all points of difference from the stand-point of reason and justice. Hence, the special influence of his judgment. His unremitted devotion of time and effort to the various interests engaging his attention-especially his large mercantile trade, extending over several States -finally proved too much even for his strong constitution and careful habits of life; and for some time before his death, he was compelled largely to suspend active participation in business. His death was regarded as a special loss to Toledo, as shown by the general expression of regret on that occasion. The funeral services were held at his late residence, 541 Summit (old number), and were attended by large numbers of citizens, including members of the various branches of trade. Reverend Albert S. Hobart, Pastor of First Baptist Church, conducted the services, assisted by Reverend Win. W. Williams, Pastor of First Congregational Church. Mr. Luce was married at Orland, Indiana, October 2, 1850, with Miss Elmira Childs, who survives him, as do their five children-Mrs. Jesse G. Gould, Mrs. Clarence Brown, Mrs. Wm. H. Harrison, Mrs. F. W. Rundell, and Arthur B. Luce, all of Toledo.

GEORGE SCHEETS was born November 19, 1842, in the Village of Kirchehrenbach, 18 miles East of Bamberg, Bavaria. His father (George Scheets) and family came to the United States in 1852, arriving at New York, June 5th. They located at Perrysburg, where the father died of cholera, during the severe epidemic of 1854, which was attended by 104 deaths, including those of many of the most intelligent and prudent residents. The son attended the Public Schools of Perrysburg, and for a limited term St. John College, Cleveland, leaving the latter for lack of means for staying. At 14 years of age, he entered the Book Store of John Powers, then Postmaster at Perrysburg. Being able to read and write both English and German, he proved specially serviceable in that position, and remained there for three years, when he engaged in the Dry Goods Store of W. J. Hitchcock,

766 - HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY.

remaining there until the Rebellion was inaugurated in 1861. At the age of 19, he enlisted, August 25th, for three years, as private in Company C, Twenty-First Ohio Volunteer Infantry. His special fitness therefor soon caused his detail as Quartermaster-Sergeant, in which capacity he served with credit. In October, 1864, during Sherman's March to the Sea, he was appointed as Adjutant of the Regiment, by Colonel Arnold McMahan, and served as such until mustered out with the Regiment in August, 1865, meantime (July 12, 1865) having been appointed as Captain, for meritorious service. The following mention is made of Captain Scheets, in " Ohio in the War," to wit: "The survivors of the Regiment retired with the Army to Chattanooga, where it arrived September 22d, and remained until January 1, 1864, when it re-enlisted as a Veteran organization, mainly through the efforts of Quartermaster Daniel Lewis, Quartermaster-Sergeant George Scheets and the non-commissioned officers of the Regiment." Captain Scheets was absent from his command but once during the four years of his service, and that was on veteran furlough. He participated in the campaigns under Thomas, Rosecrans and Sherman, and in all respects met the demands upon him as a faithful, loyal Soldier. In September, 1865, with the small savings of a Soldier, he opened a general merchandise store in East Toledo, with Colonel McMahan as partner. At the end of a year, he purchased the interest of his partner, and has since conducted the business alone, meantime (in 1568) erecting the fine brick block No. 28 Front Street, in which he yet conducts a successful trade. Though actively identified with the Republican party, he has preferred strict attention to business to office-seeking. In 1871, in the interest of his immediate neighbors, he consented to serve them in the City Council, during which time he contributed materially to securing the free bridge which now connects East Toledo (Sixth Ward) with the balance of the City. In 1885, upon the resignation of Mayor Romeis (then elected to Congress), Captain Scheets was chosen by the City Council for the vacancy, serving until April of that year. He has been prominently identified with the work of the Grand Army of the Republic. One of the original members of Ford Post, he has been its Quartermaster since its organization. He was Quartermaster. General on the Staff of General J. B. Steedman, while Commander of Ohio Department, G. A. R. With the late Charles A. Crane he was specially active and efficient in securing the Soldiers' Monument in Willow Cemetery, Oregon Township. Captain Scheets, for 23 years, has been prominently identified with the severe struggles of East Toledo, as part of the City, and has always taken an active part in whatever pertained to the interests of that locality, in both its material and its moral growth and development, and now has the satisfaction of seeing the small Village, "Yondota," assume an importance among the Wards of the City second to none. He, eminently, is a self-made man. Coming to this country in his childhood, without the aids of fortune, and soon bereft of a father's care, he has had none but himself for reliance in the battle of life. Whether as citizen, or business man, he has ever maintained a character for honor and usefulness, the secret of his success lying in the two words: " Industry-Integrity ."

HARDWARE.

As in the cases of Dry Goods, Groceries, &c., Hardware was for many years a department in the general stock of merchandise. It assumed increasing importance from year to year, until promoted to a separate position in trade. The earliest record found of distinctively Hard ware Stores, are those of Kirkland & Whitaker and A. Palmer & Co., in 1844, the former soon being followed by S. & J. H. Whitaker. In 1856, came the firm of W. & C. B. Roff. . We find in 1887, five Wholesale houses in this branch Bostwick, Braun & Co., Whitaker & Co., R. G. Bacon & Co., Stolberg, Clapp & Briggs, and E. A. Eversman.

WILLIAM ROFF was born at Newark, New Jersey, September 10, 1802. His father (Stephen Roff) was a Shoe Manufacturer, and for many years carried on his business at Newark, where he died. At the breaking out of the War of Independence, his grandfather on his maternal side was appointed Surgeon in the Continental Army, and was killed at the battle of Springfield, New Jersey. The son was educated in the Private Schools of Newark, and early evinced a taste for commercial pursuits. At an early age he commenced his business career as Clerk in a Hardware Store. A few years thereafter he went to Savannah, Georgia, and obtained employment in a general Store, conducted by an uncle, with whom he remained about three years. After this he went to Charleston, South Carolina, where he entered a Hardware Store as clerk. In 1833 he visited Mobile, Alabama, and New Orleans, spending some three years, and then commenced business at Newark, New Jersey. After several years of marked success there, he retired from active business. Up to this period his business ventures had proven remarkably successful ; but retirement from the active channels of trade, thus early in life, illy suited his energetic nature, and after a few years of-rest, with his brother, Charles B., in 1850 he opened a Hardware Store at Racine, Wisconsin, under the firm name of W. & C. B. Roff, which was continued until 1856, when they removed to Toledo, and established a

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Wholesale and Retail Hardware Store on Summit Street. Their trade rapidly increased and soon occupied the first place in their line of trade in the City. In 1868 Mr. Roff retired from the firm, before and since which date, several changes occurred in the personnel of the firm, but a continuation of the original firm is represented by the large Wholesale and Retail Hardware Store of Bostwick, Braun & Co. Mr. Roff was originally a Whig in politics, but soon after the formation of the Republican party attached himself to that organization, and although never an intense partisan, has since been a consistent upholder of the principles of that party. He has never held political office, though often entreated by friends to allow his name to be used as a candidate for such. By well directed efforts in the legitimate channels of trade, Mr. Roff has succeeded in securing an ample fortune. He lives a retired, unassuming, modest life, as best suited to his taste and inclinations. Already many years past the allotted three score and ten, he enjoys remarkably robust health, and is quietly passing his remaining years in a community where he has so long resided and where by an honorable life-work he has justly gained the respect and esteem of all.

January 12, 1860, Mr. Roff was married with Mary Chandler, who died April 6, 1887.

OSCAR ALONZO BOSTWICK was born in Ravenna Township, Portage County, Ohio, June 12, 1830. His parents were among the earliest settlers of that Township, his father being a builder and contractor. Opportunities for education were then very limited in that section, of which the son availed himself, so far as was practicable. He worked on the farm and at the Joiner's trade until arrived at his majority, when he entered the office of Bidwell & Brothers, Forwarders, at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, who were running a line of Steamers and Canal-Boats on the Ohio River, the Ohio and Pennsylvania Canals and the Lakes. Upon the completion of the Ohio and Pennsylvania Railroad (now the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago), the forwarding business was destroyed, when Mr. Bostwick returned to Ravenna and entered the Hardware Store of E. T. Richardson, remaining there until 1854. He then made a trip to the Northwest, visiting St. Paul, where he was engaged in the Wholesale and Retail Clothing business and remained for one and a half years. Returning to Ravenna he engaged in the Hardware trade as a member of the firm of F. A Curtis & Co. Owing to the effects upon trade of the panic of 1857 and attendant drouth in Northwestern Ohio, their establishment was removed to Fremont, Ohio, in 1859. Mr. Bostwick, in 1861, disposed of his interest in trade to his partner, and purchased the establishment of Brown & Hunt, at Perrysburg. In 1862, he engaged as salesman for W. & C. B. Roff, Wholesale Hardware dealers, Toledo ; and in 1865, disposing of his Perrysburg interest, he became a partner of the firm of Roff & Company, then formed. In 1868, C. F. and G. A. Braun bought out William Roff, and in 1873, Charles B. Roff sold to his partners, when the firm of Bostwick, Braun & Company was organized, as now (1888) existing. Mr. Bostwick was married February 10, 1856, with Miss Maria Louisa, daughter of Colonel Wilcox, of Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. They have two children-Frank A., now in the Hardware business at St. Paul, Minnesota; and Luella Maria, wife of Freeman P. Strong, of Strong-Hackett Hardware Company, St. Paul.

RANDALL G. BACON was born in Steuben County, New York, October 23, 1837. He traces his ancestry back to the hardy stock of American pioneers who made their mark in the early history of New England settlements, and whose descendants subsequently made like record in Western New York and in the great West. His father was of German descent and was born in Steuben County. His mother was of New England origin. His boyhood was uneventful, and until arrived at man's estate, he remained in his native County. Early in 1862 be enlisted in the One Hundred and Forty-Eighth Volunteer Infantry Regiment, serving as First Sergeant of Company B. At the end of 18 months, he was transferred to the Thirty-Eighth Regiment of Colored Infantry Regulars, was commissioned as First Lieutenant and assigned to Company F. He took part in all of the engagements of his Regiments, and was wounded April 5, 1865, at the siege of Richmond, and is now in receipt of a pension. June 5, 1865, he was mustered out of the service. Recuperated from the effects of his service in the field, be turned his eyes toward the West in 1867, and after prospecting awhile, located that year in Toledo and entered the Store of Roff Co., the Hardware business already having been his choice. He remained with that firm nine years, and in 1876 he made a start as a Hardware merchant on his own account. His progress, though steadily onward, was not achieved without a hard fight. Whatever he has won, he has won well and deservedly, and it is of course to him an abundant satisfaction to know that he is a self-made man in the strictest meaning of the word. His first partner was Frederick Will, who after three years, was succeeded by Albert Will. In April, 1886, the latter retired. The firm is now R. G. Bacon & Co., George P. Metzger being a partner. Mr. Bacon is Republican in politics, and a member of the Episcopal Church. He is identified in a prominent way with various civil bodies, including the Grand Army of the Republic, the Knights of the Golden Rule, the A. O. U. W., the National Union, and the Independent Order of Odd

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Fellows (being now a member in the Toledo Lodge 402). Mr. Bacon was married in Toledo in 1872 to Mrs. Nellie Clark, daughter of James Conorton, one of the leading citizens of Tecumseh, Michigan. His father, who settled in Portland, Ionia County, Michigan, in 1872, and for 10 years was well known in that section as a prominent and prosperous farmer, died at that place in 1882. His widow still resides there. Mrs. Bacon was born at West Farms, Westchester County, New York, November 1, 1846, the family removing to Tecumseh, Michigan, in 1868. She has been identified with benevolent work in Toledo for 20 years. With other ladies, she was instrumental in securing the Bethel, near the old Union Railroad Depot, Middle Ground, of which Rev. S. M. Beatty was long the Chaplain. She was a charter member of Forsyth Relief Corps, No. 1 ; has just entered her ninth year as Chairman of the Xenia Home for Orphans of Soldiers and Sailors, devoting much time to that service; and has been a member of the Board of Directors of the Toledo Humane Society from its organization. With Mr. Bacon she is a member of Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church, Toledo.

NOTIONS AND FANCY GOODS.

In a Retail way, this branch of trade has existed in Toledo for the past 40 years. In 1870 were the following houses: L. S. Baumgardner & Co.., Black & Hoffman, M. Hunker, O. Schroeter, and Sherwood, Barker & Co. In 1887, we find L. S. Baumgardner & Co., Davis Brothers, The C. L. Luce Company, Otto Schroeter, and E. C. Shaw & Co. in Wholesale trade.

The firm of L. S. Baumgardner & Co., dealers in Notions and Fancy Goods, was organized and began business in Toledo in March, 1866, on second floor of 78 Summit Street. The firm consisted of L. S. Baumgardner, B. Berbower and Dr. T.. H. Baker, all citizens of Wooster, Ohio, the former two coming to Toledo as active partners, and the latter remaining at Wooster. The parties began operations under special embarrassments, from being strangers not only to the people with whom they were to do business, but to the department of trade in which they engaged. January 1, 1868, for the purpose of securing more adequate accommodations, they moved into the block, 84 and 86 Summit Street, when E. G. Richards became a partner of the firm, and the firm name became Baumgardner, Richards & Co. The next year Mr. Richards retired, and the firm was L. S. Baumgardner & Co. In 1869, Dr. Baker died, his interest being taken by Lyman Robison. Mr. Berbower's health failing, he was succeeded by S. M. Owen, who remained in the house for five years, when the partnership having expired by limitation, Messrs. Robison and Owen retired, arid E. B. Robison and A. T. Colburn, successful Salesmen, became partners. January 1, 1875, Mr. Colburn withdrew, to become a member of the successful house of Weed, Colburn & Co. Edson W. Baumgardner was admitted, January 1, 1876, when the firm consisted of L. S. and E. W. Baumgardner and E. B. Robison. In 1880, the house moved from 122 and 124 Summit Street, to the corner store of Hall Block (St. Clair and Jefferson Streets), where it remained until that building was burned, December 15, 1882. The firm then lost nearly all of its stock ; but the good fortune of an insurance nearly covered the loss. E. B. Robison then retired and went to Kansas City, Missouri, where he is yet in business. The firm was reorganized and business continued by L. S. and E. W. Baumgardner, the present members, and the store 118 Summit Street taken, a new stock at once provided, and business reopened within 30 days of the fire. January 1, 1885, the store was removed to its present location, 114 and 116 Summit Street. From the first, this house has been with the foremost in Toledo, in financial standing and public confidence.

LEANDER SOLOMON BAUMGARDNER, a Merchant of Toledo, was born in East Union Township, Wayne County, Ohio, February 10, 1832. Peter Baumgardner, the father, was a native of Baden-Baden, Germany, coming to the United States in 1812, when he was 14 years of age. He was married with Catharine Heller, a native of Hellerston, Pennsylvania, and also of German descent. The couple came to Ohio in 1830, settling in Wayne County. When but 10 years of age, Leander was "bound out" to a farmer, a provision of the contract being, that the boy should attend School during each Winter of his indenture-an agreement which was not made good. In spite of such denial of educational privileges, however, Leander so well improved the limited opportunities available, that before reaching his majority, he was himself qualified to teach School, which he did for two seasons. He remained in farm work until his 22d year, when, yielding to a strong desire for mercantile life, he united with his older brothers, J. H. and T. P. Baumgardner, forming the firm of J. H. Baumgardner & Co., which opened a store for the sale of drugs, stationery, musical instruments, etc., at Wooster, in 1854. So successful was this venture, that within three years the firm resolved to provide a building for their special use, and proceeded to erect the " Arcadome Building," with a public hall in the upper story, which supplied the first accommodations of the kind in Wooster. Here the firm published a newspaper, mainly as a medium for their own advertising, the editorial charge of which was

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with L. S. and J. H. Baumgardner. The former of these took part in organizing the Wooster Library Association, a successful and useful institution. In 1865, Mr. Baumgardner disposed of his interest in the store, and for a year was on a farm which he had purchased at Cuyahoga Falls, Summit County. Not satisfied with such life, in 1866 he came to Toledo, and founded the firm of L. S. Baumgardner Co., for wholesale trade in notions, gents' furnishing goods, etc. The success of this arrangement was assured from the start, and its business has steadily grown, until it has reached the large annual aggregate of $400,000. The present firm is composed of Mr. Baummgardner and his nephew, Edson W. Baumgardner. Beginning life, as already shown, without the most ordinary advantages of the farmers' sons, by the sheer force ofan indomitable will guiding and sustaining the practice of industry, energy, economy, and the strictest integrity, Mr. Baumgardner has been enabled to establish himself in the frontrankof mercantile men of Toledo and Northwestern Ohio, while enjoying a liberal accumulation of honest gains, as the just fruits of active and judicious management. While thus watchful and devoted in the pursuit of life's business, he has been by no means indifferent to or neglectful of the claims which every community have upon the citizen ; but has at all times promptly recognized whatever call his fellow-citizens might make for his best counsel and active help. As a leading organizer and the first President of the Tri-State Fair Association, in 1876, he contributed largely to the exceptional success which has marked the history of that enterprise, which, without working capital, during the seven years of Mr. Baumgardner's service as President of the Association, took in over $260,000, paid larger premiums and larger dividends on its stock than any other similar institution in the country, at the same time accumulating permanent improvements to the amount of $60,000,without indebtedness of any sort. Mr. Baumgardner was active and effective in the organization of the Merchants' and Manufacturers' Exchange, which for several years bore a prominent and useful part in the promotion of the mercantile and industrial interests of Toledo. From his early residence here, he has been identified largely with whatever concerned the religious, moral, educational or material well-being of the City-never hesitating or stopping to consider personal ease or personal popularity, when duty seemed to call. In political affairs, he has acted with the Republican party, in whose councils he has been potential for the prevalence of the policy and aim of patriotism and purity. In 1879, he was the candidate of his party for Mayor of Toledo, being defeated with his associate nominees, though receiving the compliment of the support of many political opponents; at the same time losing many votes, in consequence of his known earnest and consistent record in opposition to what was known as the saloon or liquor interest. In 1880, he was a prominent candidate for nomination as the Republican candidate for Congress, J. M. Ritchie being the nominee. After the organization of the Citizens' Electric Light Company, and the embarrassed condition of the same, Mr. Baumgardner was called to its management as President, and succeeded in securing a combination of the United States, Brush and Thompson Houston Companies cinder one organization, with a capital stock of $150,000, of which he became and still is the President. This Company, at the present writing, is a competitor for a contract for lighting the City of Toledo, with reasonable certainty, that if not successful in that purpose, it will at least serve the people of Toledo in securing very material reduction in the cost of gas. Mr. Baumgardner is a Director in the Great Western Pin Company at Toledo, which he helped to organize; and President and Treasurer of the Toledo Cot and Wringer Co., which is doing a large business in its line. He is largely interested in the development of valuable real estate within the City. As a member of the Board of Equalization, he has done much toward the establishment of more just and equitable rules and standards for the taxable valuation of City property. He is a member of Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church, and of the Vestry of the same, and also President of Trinity Library Association, a helpful aid in the prosecution of the work of that Church. For several years past he has been an Odd Fellow, and a member of the Legion of Honor, and Royal Arcanum. April 25, 1858, Mr. Baumgardner was married with Miss Matilda E. Miller, daughter of David Miller, of Akron, Ohio. Mrs. Baumgardner has ever borne a leading and most useful part in not only the religious work of her Church, but in the dispensation of true charity and aid to the needy of the community, especially in the management of the Protestant Orphans' Home and of the Protestant Hospital.

BOOKS AND STATIONERY.

The first store for the sale of Books and Stationery, of which record is found, is that of Erastus. Roys & Co. in 1838. Previously a few School books, with paper, quills and ink, had been kept by merchants. The stock of the firm named would make a poor showing in the presence of a Book and Stationery establishment of the present day. In early times most of the quills used were obtained directly from the goose, while much of the ink was a decoction of barks of trees.

In 1840 H. N. Wadsworth had a Book Store in "Lower Town," and in 1841 Fairbanks &

HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. - 770

Blanchard (Publishers of the Blade) were to some extent in the trade. For many years, beginning about 1843, Decius Wadsworth was the most prominent dealer in this line. Afterwards came D. H. Nye, Nye & Johnson, Nye Brothers, R. Chadwick, Anderson & Fuller, Edwin Jackson, N. M. Landis, W. S. Dodd, and others.

In June, 1858, a young man from Newark, New Jersey, reached Toledo, in search of a location for his business life. After careful examination, he concluded to make his venture here; and with a cousin, then a Telegraph Operator at Mansfield, Ohio, it was arranged that a "News Depot" for the sale of newspapers, periodicals and stationery, be established, the first of the kind in the City. Whereupon, was formed the firm of Brown Baldwin, the partners being Theodore J Brown and George W. Baldwin. By the terms of their contract, they were to contribute, in cash or goods, equally to the capital stock; it being provided that in consideration that Mr. Brown " personally superintend the store," he be allowed $4.00 per week for such service-both, at the same time, agreeing " to go into no speculation whatever, without the consent of the other." The premises occupied were in what was long known as "California Row " consisting of small wooden buildings on the North side of Summit Street, and extending East from Adams. The building was of one story, and about 12x15 feet in size, the new firm occupying one-half the same, for which was paid a weekly rent of $2.00. Thus arranged, business was commenced July 1, 1858, with Mr. Brown as "managing partner." Even then, the acquaintances made had given encouragement to the proprietors to hope for a favorable reception. From the start, a careful record of business affairs was kept. From this, it is shown that the firm started out with capital stock as follows : From Mr. Brown, in goods, $14.78; and in cash, $8.78. From Mr. Baldwin, mainly in goods, $57.96-total, $81.52. The first week's trade amounted to $4.75; the second week, to $16 36 ; the third week, to $15.55; and the fourth, to $18.54-making a total of $55.31 for July. In August, this was increased to $84.05 ; the total for the first six months amounting to $711.66. After a few weeks, the owner of the premises became so impressed with the success of his tenants, that he concluded to oust them and establish himself there in the same business, when they purchased of J. W. Walterhouse a frame building, about 16x16 feet in size, then standing on Water Street, and formerly the ticket office of the Michigan Southern (now Lake Shore) Railroad, for which $25.00 was paid in installments. This was removed to 219 Summit Street (now White's Hall), where it remained until 1860, when it was removed to a place a few feet East of their original location, on grounds belonging to Rev. Dr. H. B. Walbridge. About this time Mr. Baldwin, who still resided at Mansfield, disposed of his interest to Mr. J. F. Patton, who held the same until November, 1861, when Mr. Brown became sole proprietor. The business continuing to extend, more ample accommodations were required, and the store was removed to 213 Summit Street, using one-half the room. In 1863, another removal took place-to 167 Summit Street, a new building erected by H. S. Walbridge. In 1869, Mr. Brown purchased the store building, 165 Summit Street, which afterwards was enlarged and improved, including the addition of two stories, with basement. About this time, Mr. George B. Hull, for several years employed in the store, was given a partnership, the firm becoming T. J. Brown & Co. In 1873, Mr. Wm. H. Eager, formerly of Bailey & Eager, Booksellers, became a partner, the firm then becoming T. J. Brown, Eager & Co., and subsequently, as now, Brown, Eager & Hull. The trade of the house soon demanded more ample quarters, and in 1852 an arrangement was made with V. H. Ketcham and Mars Nearing for the erection of the four-story brick building, 40x114 feet, 197 and 199 Summit Street, including the identical spot to which Mr. Brown removed his little frame structure in 1860. This building was planned with special reference to the demands of the trade, and in all its appointments, is a model in elegance and convenience, the first floor being devoted to retail business ; the second to jobbing books and stationery ; and the third and fourth to wall paper, storage, etc. From the first, the business of the establishment had a growth of rare healthfulness and uniformity, as the following statement of sales for the periods named will show: 1858 (6 months), $711.66; 1860, $6,436.09; 1865, $36,556.26; 1870, $69,881.72; 187 5, $117,810.49 ; 1880, $183,061.40 ; 1887, $300,000. For the first three months the " managing partner " was able, not only to perform the entire inside work of the establishment, but to saw the wood and care for the fires, and also to deliver daily papers to subscribers on regular routes. Besides the three partners, there are now 30 employes, not far from 100 persons receiving their support from the establishment. In extent of trade, it is not exceeded by any other house in the State, while its financial standing and its reputation with customers are second to none. To a great degree, the Bookseller is a public educator, reaching all classes of readers. It is but just to say, that the responsibility thus devolved has never been lost sight of in the conscientious management of this house. The degree of watchful vigilance shown against the flood tide of vicious literature, constitutes a feature of its trade entitled to special recogni-

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tion, and worthy the emulation of the trade in general.

THEODORE J. BROWN was born at Newark, New Jersey, February 5, 1837, and is a son of Daniel B. and Elizabeth Brown. His father was a manufacturer of patent leather. He died when the son was 12 years old. The latter remembers assisting in the factory. His educational advantages were very limited, he having been compelled at the age of 14 years to take care of himself, then entering upon a seven-years apprenticeship at the Jeweler's trade, extending until his majority, his wages being $2.25 per week, with an allowance of $25.00 per year for clothing. On such income he was able to pay his board, clothe himself and accumulate a capital of $300, for the business which he established at Toledo. Upon the close of his apprenticeship, it was found that from the consideration of health, it would be necessary for him to have more physical exercise than the Jeweler's trade would allow. At the time, this was felt to be severe, but he now regards the value of industry and discipline thus secured, as a rich reward for all such labor. With this, he had the aid of parental religious instruction and examples in childhood, leading to an early acceptance of the Christian faith. He attributes his business success largely to economy in expenditure, buying no more than he could expect to pay for when bills became due, and to hard, persistent work, and carefully watching his business in all its details-especially in the so-called " little things." His mother was with him for two years from 1863, then returning to Newark, where she died suddenly in October, 1887, in her 78th year, and after a widowhood of' 38 years, much of which period was spent in the support and care of her children, of whom, beside the subject of this sketch, a brother, Josiah ; and a sister, Cornelia, are now living. With all his incessant business cares, Mr. Brown has never forgotten the common obligations of men to their fellows. Whatever has concerned the moral or material welfare of his neighbors, has received his attention and aid. Whether in religious, social, political or business affairs, he has always had a voice and a hand in support of the right. From his youth a Republican in politics, he has been among the most active in support of that party's organization, but never an office-holder or an office-seeker. Uniting in youth with the Presbyterian Church, at Newark, he transferred such connection to First Congregational Church, on coming to Toledo, retaining the same until the organization of Westminster Presbyterian Church, in 1865, of' which he was one of the original members. Not long after the institution of that Church, he was chosen as one of its Ruling Elders, which office he yet holds. In 1865 Mr. Brown was married at Toledo, with Miss Eliza L., youngest daughter of the late Dr. Geo. L. Weed, of Cincinnati, Ohio.

TAILORING.

As in the cases of all other communities, provision for the clothing of the male portion of settlers was not overlooked at the mouth of Swan Creek, although, from the nature of the case, demands in that direction were at first not large. Among the very earliest workers in that line in the Maumee Valley (the Squaws of the aborigines excepted), vas Mrs. John T. Baldwin, who worked at tailoring at Orleans (Fort Meigs) as early as 1818, her prices, as elsewhere shown, having been, for making woolen pants, $1.50; for linen or tow pants, $0.50; for fine shirts, $1.00 each. The extent of her business in this line is not stated; but it could not have been large in a field so small. It is not understood, that, upon the return of the family and settlement at Port .Lawrence, in 1823, Mrs. Baldwin paid much attention to such employment, which soon passed into the hands of the sex more specially interested therein ; but it is doubtful if better work was done by her successors, whatever may be said of its advance a la mode.

The first record found of a Tailor shop in Lucas County, is that of" Sinclair & Wilkeson, directly over the store of S. L. & M. L. Collins, Tremainesville," under date of March 12,1835. At that time Toledo may have had a Tailor, but the Gazette's advertising columns record none, save the shop named. In 1837, however, we find Snell & Cornell, in St. Clair Street, "Upper Toledo," and E. Jacobs, Summit Street, "Lower Toledo," in that line, with F. Lyon & Co.'s Clothing Store, Monroe Street, "Upper Toledo," and V. H. Ketcham's Clothing Store, St. Clair Street, " Lower Toledo." This showed a marked advance for the young City. In 1838,V. H. Ketcham and Levi Snell were in the business, being succeeded in 1839 by S. S. & V. H. Ketcham, Mr. Snell opening a separate shop. In 1844 Thomas & Schwartz appear with Ready-made Clothing, with others, from year to year, dropping in and dropping out. In 1849 the firm of Granger & Brother entered the field, which has not yet been surrendered. In 1860 were B. J. Gitsky and Moses Gitsky (yet in business or represented), Jacob and Lehman Kraus, Jacob Roemer, Henry Thorner, A. Tuey & Co., Gustav. Goldsmith, Louis Wachenheimer and Theo. Wegener, and Christ. Woehler. In 1861 came Chauncey H. Buck, who is yet in trade. In 1870 there were 17 Tailoring establishments, including Kraus & Daiber, A. Machen & Co., Richards & Salisbury, J. Stutz, John McKenna, Buck & Bliss, C. B. Eells, and V. W. Granger & Co. and others. The Directory of 1887 notes 18 Tailors and 20 Clothing establishments-38 in all.

HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. - 772

VOLENTINE WHITMAN GRANGER. The subject of this sketch has long been recognized as the leading Merchant Tailor, not only of Toledo, but of Northwestern Ohio, a position his knowledge of the business and high mercantile qualifications justly entitle him to. Mr. Granger was born in Coventry, Portage County, Ohio, February 25th, 1826. His elementary education was received at the Common Schools of Middlebury, near Akron, Ohio. Until his twelfth year, he remained with his parents, after which he commenced to learn the Tailor's trade under the directions of an elder brother, with whom he was connected about five wears. In 1845, to further perfect his knowledge of the various branches of his calling, he went to New York City. Such purpose accomplished, he removed to Akron, Ohio, and in connection with his brother, assisted by friends who had every confidence in his ability to succeed, he established himself in business, in connection with a brother, Joseph A. Granger. In the spring of 1849, shortly after his marriage, they removed to Toledo, and began business under the firm name of Granger &. Brother. This partnership, after a successful period of 13 years, was dissolved in 1862, when the subject of this sketch purchased his brother's interest in the business, and has since conducted it alone with marked success. Few Tailors in the State stand as high in his line as does Mr. Granger, while he is recognized by those who know him as possessing all the qualities which distinguish a useful citizen and an enterprising, reliable merchant. During the Rebellion he was ever a firm friend of the Union cause, and took an active interest in all that pertained to the preservation of the National Government, as with equal devotion to liberty and love of country his ancestors fought during the Revolution. Politically, Mr. Granger was originally a Whig, but is now a Republican and a firm believer in the principles and an ardent admirer of the record of that party on all questions of National significance. Upon general issues, he gives it his best and strongest support; but in local matters he believes in honest and economical government, and invariably supports such men and measures as promise to secure it, regardless of party lines or political affiliations. In all that pertains to Toledo's prosperity, Mr. Granger is a ready assistant. He believes in the coming greatness of her commercial interests. Here the accumulations of his judicious business career are invested, and with the City's advancement he is thoroughly identified. Socially, he is an affable and pleasant gentleman, and enjoys the respect and esteem of Toledo's best citizens. In private life he is the courteous and cultivated gentleman of refined, cordial and unassuming manners. Mr. Granger was married in .1849 with Emeline F. Dodge, daughter of Nathan Brown Dodge, of Akron, Ohio. The issue of this union has been two daughters and one son-MaryE., born July 13, 1850, married with J. B. Ketcham 2d, January 8. 1874, and died September 23, 1876; Clara Rathbone, born August 25, 1852, married with Rowland Starr, January 12, 1876; and Volentine W. Jr., born September 30, 1855, married October 25, 1881, with Miss Lottie Tracy.

LUMBER TRADE.

The first Saw-Mill within the present limits of Toledo, was built in 1831, by Ezra Goodale and Oliver Stevens, and located on Swan Creek, at the point where the Maumee and Monroe road (now Detroit Avenue) crossed that stream. At one time the Geauga Furnace Company constructed a lock in the darn connected with the Mill, for the passage of boats loaded with iron ore, to be brought from mines further up the Creek, but which never was found in quantities anticipated. The Mill was of material service to the scattered settlers at that time.

In 1834 Edward Bissell built a Saw-Mill to be run by Steam. It was located on Summit Street, between Elm and Chestnut.

About 1836, Charles V. Jennison, yet living in East Toledo, built a Steam Saw-Mill in Oregon, on land now owned by Luther Whitmore, and ran it for a number of years. At this mill was furnished the sawed lumber for the first bridge across the River at Maumee.

About 1838, Frederick Prentice built a Steam Saw-Mill on the East side of the River, below what is now Bridge Street, which, with his other enterprises, he operated for several years.

In January, 1851, H. B. Hall and David Smith established a Saw Mill and lumber yard on the East side of the River at Toledo, where it remained for several years, when it was removed to the West side, near Cherry Street, the present site of the establishment. Mr. Hall withdrew from the firm in 1865, Mr. Smith, with different partners, continuing the business until his death in 1876, since which time it has been managed by his sons, Win. H. H. and Howard M. Smith.

The earliest advertisement found of a Lumber Dealer in Toledo, is that of Coleman 1. Keeler, in March, 1835. Others followed. In November, 1840, Joel W. Kelsey advertised "a large quantity of seasoned Pine Lumber of all kinds, on the wharf, just above A. Palmer & Co.'s Warehouse, Upper Toledo." For particulars, enquiry was to be made of Richard Mott or John P. Freeman.

The first City Directory (for 1858) contained the names of nine houses dealing in Lumber, viz.: T. J. Bodley, Curtis & Thomas, Kelsey & Lawton, J. N. Halliday, Wm. B. Judson, C. H. Walbridge & Co., Nathan Reeve, and Walterhouse, Moulton & Co.

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In 1887, there were 28 Lumber Dealers, viz.

R. E. Adams, Barbour & Starr, Bowman & Lapman, Clarke & Terhune, Curtis & Brainard, H. H. Gibson, Goulet Manufacturing Co., G. W. Hubbard, R. M. Hubbard, Edwin Jacoby, J. B. Kelley, Kelsey & Freeman, Lawton Bros., J. R. McGlone, Maclaren & Sprague, James Mason, Mitchell & Rowland Lumber Co., Wm. Peter, J. V. Sanfleet, W. H. H. Smith & Co., Napoleon Stamant H. C. Wason & Co., Western Manufacturing Co., Whitney & Tracy, Witker Manufacturing Co., Woodruff & Norton, Young & Miller.

In the winter of 1865-6, Jethro Mitchell and Thomas C. Rowland, of Cincinnati, purchased 40 acres of land on the River above the Lake Shore Railroad bridge, with 2,500 feet of water front, for the purpose of locating a Lumber Yard and Saw Mills. The Company was incorporated March 8, 1867, with Jethro Mitchell as President ; J. G. Mitchell as Secretary ; and Thomas C. Rowland as Treasurer. The officers for 1887 were: President, T. C. Rowland; Treasurer, Jethro G. Mitchell; Secretary, Edward Mitchell. Their first Mill was erected in 1867, and was subsequently destroyed by fire. The Company have erected three different Mills on their premises, and during the 20 years in which they have been engaged in business, have built up one of the largest and most prosperous lumber establishments in Northwestern Ohio. Their pay roll is exceeded by only one other establishment in Toledo-the Milburn Wagon Works. The Lumber Yard and Mills of this Company are located between the Railroads and the River (foot of Sumner Street).

AARON L. KELSEY was born in Guilford, Maine, July 12, 1823. He comes of New England stock and Irish ancestry. His grandfather (Joseph Kelsey) emigrated from Ireland when a young man and settled in Massachusetts. He carried a musket in the Federal Army seven years during the American Revolution, and at the close of that war followed the pursuits of a husbandman in the Town of Shirley, Massachusetts, until his death. One of his sons (Joseph) moved to the State of Maine about the year 1800, and up to 1812 was largely engaged in shipping. During the war of 1812-15, British cruisers captured his Vessels. To recuperate his fortune, he penetrated the interior of the State to Guilford and became a hardy pioneer. He cleared a farm, rapidly regained his wealth, and soon rose to prominence in that locality. For fully 30 years he occupied a seat in the Maine Legislature and assisted in framing the State Constitution of 18211. He died in Guilford, Maine, in 1861. Of his nine children three are now living. Two of the sons are Aaron L. and Joel W. of Toledo. Aaron received a thorough education, and having perfected himself in the study of surveying was appointed (at the age of 19) a Government Surveyor, and in 1843 was sent out to assist in running the National boundary line established under the Webster Ashburton treaty. He remained in the wilderness on that mission for three years, and had an experience full of adventure and interest. In 1850 he concluded to remove to the West, and in June, 1850, became a citizen of Toledo. For six years he was identified with the interests of Lake navigation, and in 1856, in partnership with Nathan Reeve, established himself in the Lumber business in Toledo. He was one of the earliest Lumber merchants there, finding in the trade but three firms, Curtis & Thomas, Hathaway & Raymond, and H. B. Hall & Co. From 1856 to 1886, he steadily held to the same pursuit and through all the gradations and changes in Toledo's Lumber interests, from one of trifling importance to the present large proportions. Thirty years in active labor, earned him the right to rest, and in 1886 he retired to private life, leaving his son (H. Reeve Kelsey) as his business successor. Mr. Kelsey has been among the foremost citizens in public spirit, ready to co-operate in whatever promised the public welfare. He is a Director in the Merchants National Bank, and in such capacity has been associated with that institution from its foundation. He was married in November, 1854, with Helen M. Lawton, of Cape Vincent, New York.

GARRETT W. HAGENBERG was born in Woodville, Sandusky County, Ohio, October 22, 1839. He is a son of Philip and Angeline (Rohtard) Hagenberg, and is of German parentage, his father and mother having been born in Germany. His father, a miller by trade, came to America in 1835 and settled in Buffalo, New York. Shortly after he removed to Woodville, where he remained for several years, after which he came to Toledo. During his residence here, he was engaged in contracting in the improvement of Streets. The father died in Toledo in 1855, the widow, at an advanced age, still living at Woodville. The earlier years of the son were passed at the place of his birth, he receiving only the meagre educational advantages to be obtained in the District School. Being the only son in a family of eight children, he was early obliged to begin life's battle.* He secured a position in the Sash, Door and Blind Factory, where he remained for 18 months. He then obtained employment in the Planing department of Field & Wilmington's Car Shops, where the Bolt and Nut Works now are, on Field Avenue. After three years' service, he began work in the Sash, Door and Blind Factory of Judson Brothers (afterwards Hall & Hitchcock), remaining with the establishment until 1867. At the last named date, be became a member

HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. - 774

of the firm of C. H. Schroeder & Co., and commenced the manufacture of Sash, Doors and Blinds on Erie Street, adjoining the Gas Works. In 1875 he withdrew from that firm to assume the superintendency of the similar establishment of Wm. Peter, the successor of Hitchcock & Walbridge. Mr. Hagenberg has ever since been prominently identified with this large concern, in the arduous capacity of a successful business manager. In February, 1853, Mr. Peter's establishment was destroyed by fire, and was rebuilt under direction of Mr. Hagenberg, as that of C. H. Schroeder & Co., after a fire in 1870. In 1862 he joined the National Guards of Ohio, Company C, and was honorably discharged after the expiration of his period of enlistment. A Democrat in political faith, he is not a strong partisan, but aims to support the best man, regardless of party affiliation. During the late civil war he was by voice and vote, an ardent supporter of the Union cause. Thoroughly master of every detail of his business, with unusual executive ability in the management of a large force of men, added to native energy and singleness of purpose, explain the high degree of success which has attended his management of the extensive enterprise with which he has so long been entrusted. ills whole time and attention are given to the advancement of his work. A member of no religious denomination, he is an upholder and promoter of all that is good in every sect and creed. Mr. Hagenberg commenced the battle of life without assistance, and without early School advantages. What he has attained, has been the result of patient toil, self-sacrifice and a conscientious desire honestly and faithfully to discharge his whole duty in whatever station he was placed. In 1884 he was appointed by Mayor Romeis, and confirmed by the Common Council, as a member of the Manual Training School Board, a body composed of 12 members, of which the Mayor is ex officio President. In the establishment of this new and important branch of education in the Public Schools, he has taken warm interest and greatly assisted the Board by his practical knowledge of mechanics. He was appointed for a term of five years. Mr. Hagenberg was married with Susan Metzger, at Toledo, in 1860. They have two children Lizzie, born May 3, 1861, the wife of Lewis Schomburg, of Toledo ; and Mary, born March 19, 1865.

CHARLES L. YOUNG was born in Albany, New York, November 23, 1838. He is the son of Eli and Eleanor (Thomas) Young. The father was of Dutch ancestry and was born at Caughnawaga, Montgomery County, New York. The mother is of Welsh descent, and was born in Albany. The family remained in that City until the outbreak of the late Rebellion, when they removed to Buffalo, the father then retiring from active business life, and dying there in 1876, aged 70 years. The son's education was obtained at different Institutions in his native State, and chiefly at the Albany Academy and Professor Charles H. Anthony's Classical Institute, in the same City, where he was graduated. Early in life, it became his purpose to adopt the legal profession, from which his mind was turned by the War of the Rebellion, and in which he was so injured as to forbid the pursuit of sedentary life. In April, 1861, he guarded recruits as a Zouave cadet. In May, 1861, assisted by the Hon. J. K. Porter, LL. D., he took an active part in recruiting men for General Sickles's Excelsior Brigade, subsequently so distinguished for its service. He was commissioned First Lieutenant June 13, 1861, and assigned to First Regiment, Excelsior Brigade. He became an officer of General Sickles's Staff, and through McClellan's Peninsular Campaign served on the Staff of General Joe Hooker. After the battle of Williamsburgh he was promoted to a Captaincy, dating from May 6, 1862. He was recommended as Major by Generals Hooker and Nelson Taylor, July 28, 1862, following the Peninsular Campaign. General Hooker, in recommending him for promotion, wrote : " Captain Young, late of my Staff, has been in all the engagements with his command, and has been distinguished for good conduct and gallantry. He is an excellent officer, and in all respects deserving of your favorable consideration. He is a young officer, but with his present experience is' qualified to fill a Majority in any Regiment." In Pope's Virginia campaign (1862) he commanded his Regiment, which participated in the memorable battles of Bristoe Station, Groveton, Bull Run and Chantilly ; and he was probably the youngest officer in command of a Regiment. After this campaign General Sickles announced the subject of this sketch an Assistant Inspector General in the Third Army Corps. During the battle of Chancellorsville (May 3, 1863), and when engaged in executing an order from the Corps Commander (General Sickles), he was struck near the jugular vein by a fragment of a shell, severing the external carotid artery, and at the time was supposed to be fatally wounded. On May 2d, at Chancellorsville, after the line of the Eleventh Corps broke, and the Second Division of the Third Army Corps, under Major General Berry, pressed forward in the line of battle, General Sickles ordered Major Young to remain with General Berry and report the situation. Upon General Berry's suggestion, this young officer passed along the entire line of battle, directing that breastworks be thrown up. So, when on the third morning of May, General Stonewall Jackson threw his exultant and almost irresistible legions against Hooker's old Division, he found an artificial wall, together with a living one, more than a match

TRADERS AND MERCHANTS. - 775

for his splendid generalship. It was here that General Berry lost his life. After conveying this intelligence to General Sickles, and while riding back over the field with an order to General Whipple, commander of Third Division, Third Army Corps, Assistant Inspector General Young was wounded. The story of how the young soldier, with the assistance of an orderly, found an ambulance, and in turn reached a steam transport, and finally, the hospital at Washington, where he recovered, is something remarkable. In response to a general order for all officers to return to the front, when the Gettysburg campaign opened, with an unhealed wound, he was again in the field. He was again disabled in the spring of 1864 in the Wilderness campaign, but did not leave the field. He was with his command in all the battles in which it engaged, including Grant's campaign of the Wilderness (Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg and other historic engagements). He served on the Staffs of Generals Hooker, Sickles, Wm. R. Brewster and others, as Aide-de-Camp; as Provost Marshal, as Assistant Adjutant General and Assistant Inspector-General ; was in the Inspector-General's Department of General Hancock's Second Army Corps. At Spottsylvania, May 12, 1864, in response to a call for volunteers by General J. H. Hobart, Ward, Assistant Inspector General Young, and Assistant Adjutant General Ayres of General Mott's staff, galloped upon the breastworks at the "bloody angle." These were the only volunteers, and only General Ward and Young returned, Ayres fell, riddled with bullets. He (Young) was commissioned and brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel after close of war, " for gallant and meritorious services during the war of the Rebellion." On January 14, 1878, he was appointed Quartermaster General and Commissary General of Subsistence on Governor R. M. Bishop's Staff, with rank of Brigadier-General, with consent of the Senate of Ohio, and accompanied the Governor on his official visit to the Dominion Exposition of Canada. He located in business at Buffalo, in 1866, remaining there until coming to Toledo in 1869, as representative of the large Lumber firm of Sears, Holland & Co., established in 1835. He became the manager of that firm at Toledo. In 1873, upon the death of F. P. Sears, the Toledo branch was reorganized as Nelson Holland & Co., General Young being the resident partner and manager. In 1884 this firm was burned out, when its business was transferred to Young Miller (C. L. Young and Geo. A. Miller), which firm has been, and still is, active and successful in the extension and management of the trade. Politically, General Young has always been a Democrat, and since his residence in Toledo has been repeatedly urged to accept public positions. In 1883, he was candidate for Mayor of Toledo, not being elected, though running against great odds and coming within 87 votes of success in a total vote of about 10,000. The only public office held by him was that of Park Commissioner, of which Board he is President. During the serious Railway Strikes of 1877, General Young was active in support of law and order, and co-operated effectively toward the organized steps taken for the protection of the public peace. January 9, 1880, he received from his comrades of the Grand Army of the Republic, the Ohio National Guard and other fellow citizens, a General officer's sword, belt and sash, of superior material and workmanship, with appropriate inscription. Upon the death of General Hooker, the family presented General Young with the sash worn by that officer throughout the War, as a memento to him as a former Staff officer of " Fighting Joe." He was an active member of Forsyth Post No. 15, and is now of Toledo Post, No. 107, Department of Ohio, Grand Army of the Republic; on the Staff of Commander-in-Chief Earnshaw, in 1879; was a member of the National Council of Administration in 1880; was elected Senior Vice Commander-inChief of the National Encampment in 1881 ; and was subsequently a Financial and Property Trustee of Forsyth Post. He is also a member of the following military organizations: The Third Army Corps Union ; the Second Corps Club; the Society of the Army of the Potomac; the Society of the Army of West Virginia; a Charter Companion of the Ohio Commander of the Loyal Legion ; Vice President of Toledo Soldiers' Memorial Association ; a Director of the Gettysburg Battlefield Association; an Honorary Member of the Ohio State National Guard Officers' Association ; and an Honorary member of the Continental Guards, of New Orleans. he is a member of De Molay Masonic Lodge 498, of Buffalo, New York. General Young was married January, 1871, to Miss Cora M. Day, of Boston, a (laughter of Albert Day, M. D. Her ancestors were among the more prominent families of New England. Her grandfather, General Jotham Moulton, of York, commanded the Eastern Division of the Revolutionary Army at Bunker Hill) his grandfather (Colonel Jeremiah Moulton commanding at the reduction of Norridgework, Maine, in 1724, and participating in the siege of Louisburg, in 1744. Her father is an eminent Physician, and represented Boston in the State Legislature. During the War, Mrs. Young helped to establish the first "Contraband" (Colored) School opened in Boston, which gratuitous work was continued until her health became impaired. Since coming to Toledo she has been actively identified with various works of Christian charity and benevolence-including Forsyth Post Auxiliary Society and Woman's Relief Corps No. 1 ; the Toledo Home for Friendless Women (Old

HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY. - 776

Ladies' Home), and the Adams Street Mission. Is now National Senior Vice-President of the Woman's Relief Corps, Auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic. Three children have been born to General and Mrs. Young-Emma (deceased), Nelson Holland and Eleanor Martha. General Young formerly was a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, but is now connected with the Central Congregational Church, Toledo, Rev. H. M. Bacon, D. D., Pastor. His paternal ancestors were among the earliest attendants on the Reformed Dutch Church of New York; while his mother's family were identified with the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was one of the founders of the Merchants and Manufacturers Exchange, Toledo, and has been actively connected with various movements having in view the growth and prosperity of Toledo; as also whatever promised the promotion of sound morals and good order among his fellowmen.

JOHN HENRY PUCK, son of John Henry Puck, was born in Wood County, Ohio, May 18, 1842. His parents were of German nativity, and were born at Hanover, North Germany. Emigrating to America in 1837, they settled on a farm in Wood County. The son remained with his father, assisting in the cultivation of the farm, with limited educational privileges, until 1861, when he came to Toledo, and engaged as apprentice in the Sash, Door and Blind factory of H. A. Boyd & Co., where he remained for six months. He then secured a clerkship with Brigham & Foster, Hardware dealers. September 12, 1862, he enlisted for three years as private in Company G, 37th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, whose record is briefly given elsewhere in this volume. He was wounded twice-first at Vicksburg, in June, 1863 ; and again at Jonesboro, August 31, 1864, the latter wound being in the neck and right shoulder, incapacitating him for active service. He was granted a furlough for three months, when he rejoined the Army at Savannah, Georgia, and was mustered out with the Regiment and participated in the Grand Review at Washington, in May, 1865. Returning to Toledo, he resumed his trade with H. A. Boyd, continuing in such capacity until 1868, when Mr. Boyd transferred his business to six of his employes, Mr. Puck included, the firm name being Eldridge, Weil & Co., which continued for one year. Mr. Puck then engaged as foreman in the similar establishment of Keeler, Baird & Bivins, continuing with them until 1870, when that firm was succeeded by the Western Manufacturing Company, of which Mr. Puck was made the Vice President, which position he held until February, 1887, and was then elected Secretary and Treasurer. The business was continued at the old factory (corner Water and Oak Streets), until 1872, when they moved to corner of ' Water and Vine Streets, where they occupied the building known as the " Old Red Factory." The main portion of the present factory was erected in 1875. The establishment now consists of a brick structure, 82x132 feet, three stories high, occupied by 70 workmen. Mr. Puck is a member of Toledo Post, No. 107, G. A. R., and takes an active part in its operations. For many years he has been a prominent member of the German Lutheran Church. Since becoming a voter, he has acted with the Democratic party. In 188283 he represented the First Ward in the Toledo Board of Education, discharging his duties with acceptance and credit. The high regard in which he is held by the people of Lucas County, was indicated in 1885, when they elected him as a Representative in the State Legislature. While in that body, he introduced and advocated a bill, empowering the Toledo Board of Education to levy taxes for School purposes independent of the Tax Commissioners or other authority. It is known as the "Puck Educational Bill," was passed only against strong opposition, and is now regarded as a measure of much value to the City School system. He also introduced the bill permitting the State to expend $40,000 in the erection of monuments to the memory of the Ohio Soldiers who fell at the battle of Gettysburg. In both business and private relations, he has ever maintained positions commanding the respect and confidence of his fellow-citizens. Mr. Puck was married December 7, 1865, with Anna Westerhause, of Toledo. They have had five children, of whom four are now living-Lena, Frederick J., Margaret, and Almida.

VESSEL SUPPLIES.

The demand for supplies of Lake and Canal crafts, began with the opening of traffic in those lines of trade, although they were small in each at the outset. Up to 1848, the main dealers in that line were George S. Breed & Co., then located on Water Street. In February, of that year, Wm. O. Brown, at the corner of Jefferson and Water Streets, opened a store for the sale of Vessel Supplies. Wheeler & Boos were in similar trade at that time. In 1864, Mr. Brown disposed of his establishment to Read & Wilcox, who were succeeded by Wilcox Brothers

MINOT I. WILCOX was born in Jefferson County, New York, April 7, 1829. He is a son of Oliver Wilcox, who was born in Connecticut, in 1780. The grandfather (also Oliver Wilcox), born in Rhode Island in 1747, was in early life a New Bedford Whaler. The father of Minot was married with a lineal descendant of General Nathaniel Greene, of Revolutionary fame. Accompanied by two brothers, he sat out in 1809, for the new settlements in Western New York, and in 1810

TRADERS AND MERCHANTS. - 777

located permanently in Jefferson County, where they settled and began the work of pioneer life in the forest. Oliver served in the American Army in the War of 1812 15, participating in several operations, including the engagements at Sackett's Harbor, New York. He died in Jefferson County, in 1868, aged 88 years, 24 years after the death of his wife. Their children were 13 in number, of whom the youngest two were twins, Minot being one of these. His boyhood was passed upon his father's farm, with such limited School education as he was enabled to acquire during occasional respites from arduous toil upon the not overfruitful homestead. At the age of 16, he obtained employment with a Ship Joiner in the neighborhood at $9.00 per month. An apprenticeship of one year qualified him to set up as Ship Joiner on his own account; which he followed for a year. At the suggestion of a brother-in-law (S. S. Read), who was operating a mill at Black Rock, he joined the latter, and after working in the mill two years, accompanied Mr. Read to Toledo, in 1850, where he was employed for two years by Read & Thompson, in the old Premium Mill (now the Armada Mill). In 1852 he was clerk for Thomas Watkins, a Grain Dealer, and in 1853 he leased and took the management of the Manhattan Mill in connection with S. S. Read, which establishment was first made profitable under his direction. In December, 1864, Read & Wilcox bought the Vessel Supply. store of Wm. O. Brown, on Water Street, and carried on the business there and on Summit Street until 1860 when the partnership was dissolved. In that year Leonard and Minot I. Wilcox founded the firm of Wilcox Brothers, which, beginning at the corner of Madison and Water Streets, was transferred in 1868 to the location now occupied by the Wilcox Cordage and Supply Company, on Water Street. Wilcox Brothers continued in business until the death of Leonard, in May, 1880. M. I. Wilcox conducted the business alone until the incorporation, in 1886, of the Wilcox Cordage and Supply Company, of which he was chosen President. The steady growth of the business of the house from 1860 to the present time, bears testimony to the efficiency which marked its management. Mr. Wilcox has been interested in different industrial enterprises. For 12 years past, he has been at the head of the firm of Wilcox & Co., manufacturers of Steam Dredges and Steam Shovels. He has been a Director in the Merchants National Bank since its organization, is now its Vice President, and has been otherwise identified with the prosperity and growth of Toledo. For 10 years he was an active and efficient member of the Volunteer Fire Department of the City, taking an active part in the organization of Relief Hook and Ladder Company No. I (composed mainly of Merchants and Clerks), of which he was elected Foreman in 1860, and continued as such until the disbandment of the Company upon the introduction of the Paid Department, in January, 1866, when the members of the Company testified their appreciation of' his services by the presentation of a silver box. Under the three-months call for troops in 1864, Mr. Wilcox enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirteenth Ohio Regiment (Colonel C. B. Phillips), and received a Major's commission. The name of Mr. Wilcox, for 30 years, has been familiar with Shipping men along the Western Lakes, by whom it has been respected, as it has been and is by all classes with whom he has had business relations. He was married in 1855 with Miss Emma Finney, a daughter of Harry Finney, deceased, of New York, and niece of the late President Finney, of Oberlin, Ohio.

AGRICULTURAL SUPPLIES.

The demand for Agricultural Implements in this County, as in all sections, was small during the earlier years of settlement. But little beyond a few axes, hoes, plows, harrows, scythes, sickles and cradles, was required by the pioneer farmers, and these were supplied chiefly by the merchants at the several points of trade. As settlement and improvement advanced, the demand for these increased, with corresponding supply. At the outset the sickle was vet in use, but ere long was succeeded by the cradle-a great. improvement-and much later came the mowing and reaping machines, separators, cleaners, grain-drills, horse-rakes, corn-shellers, &c.

As early as 1856, Henry Philipps had an Agricultural Warehouse for the supply of farmers with implements, seeds, &e. Following hint were L. J. Bush & Co. (R. B. Mitchell, partner), who opened a similar establishment in Toledo in 1860. Since that time different dealers have been in the same branch of trade, the number in 1857 reaching 12 establishments, as follows: Arbuckle & Ryan, Birdsall & Co., S. W. Cass & Co., Johnston Harvester Company, Merrell & Co., D. S. Morgan & Co., Homer Overmyer, Parmelee & Crosby, H. Philipps Son, J. A. Shepard, Toledo Mower and Reaper Company, and Toledo Plow Company.

THOMAS SCOTT MERRELL, son of Jacob M. and Sylvia Spencer Merrell, was born in Westmoreland, Oneida County, New York, June 18, 1830. His father was born in Hartford, Connecticut, March 4,14-89, and died at Westmoreland, November 29, 1866. The mother was born in Peacham, Vermont, April 23, 1800, and diet! December 24, 1884. The son remained on the farm with his father until 17 years of age, when he decided to assume the responsi-

777a - HISTORY OF TOLEDO AND LUCAS COUNTY.

ilities of independent life. To this end, he bought of his lather the remaining four years of his minority, and afterwards worked out at $10.00 per month until he earned enough to pay the debt in full. Meantime, he attended School for one Winter, doing chores to pay for his board. In the Spring of 1849 he engaged to drive horses on the Erie Canal (between Buffalo and Albany), at the close of the season working his passage to Buffalo, where he took the Steamboat De Witt Clinton for Toledo, the bull of which craft now (188) lies near the East shore of Maumee River, above Cherry Street bridge, Toledo. The Lake passage involved four days of time. Stopping a short time at Toledo, Mr. Merrell passed oil to Cincinnati, arriving there in his 19th year, worth $6.00 in cash. He found employment as fireman for an engine at $1.00 per day, being soon promoted as Engineer. He was there three years, for two of which hewas a member of the Cincinnati Fire Department. In 1851 he returned to Westmoreland and managed his father's farm until 1856, when he again started for the West, in search of a location. After careful examination in Kansas and Nebraska, he returned to Lucas County, as the best locality he had seen, and soon purchased what was known as the "Bissell Farm," now in Adams Township. There he made his home for eight years, meantime making a success at farming. In the Spring of 1865, he sold the farm and purchased a half interest in the Foundry and Machine Shop of Mitchell &, Son, at Maumee, the chief business of which consisted in the manufacture and sale of' plows, and other agricultural implements, which was a marked success. At the end of five years he became sole proprietor of the establishment, and successfully conducted it for five years more, when he removed to Toledo. There he engaged in the Agricultural Implement and Seed trade, at 40-44 Superior Street, which from the first was prosperous, his sales in one year attaining the aggregate of $200,000. January 1, 1885, turning the business over to his brother, J. H Merrell, and his son, J. B. Merrell, he accepted the charge, is President, of the Turnbull Wagon Works, at Defiance, which he yet retains. The stock of the Company is held mainly in Toledo, and its business has been eminently prosperous. Mr. Merrell was one of the originators of the Tri-State Fair Association, of which he was President from January, 1884, until January, 1888, when he declined re-election. He is yet a Director and member of the Executive Committee of the same. He was active in the organization of the Toledo Spice Company in 1885, and acted as its President for two years. He served for several years as Trustee of Adams Township, while residing there. In 1865 he was elected as a Commissioner of Lucas County, and reelected in 1871, serving for six years. He was a member of the Maumee City Council for five years, and of the Board of Education of that City for six years. In 1885 he was elected to the Toledo Common Council, representing the Second Ward for two years. While in Adams Township, he united with the United Brethren Church; at Maumee was connected with the Presbyterian, and at Toledo with First Congregational Church, which relation he yet sustains. The uniform success which has marked his business life, has been clue, largely, first, to the limitation of his operations to affairs which he understood, and thus was able to control; and second, to the sound financial policy of" owing no man anything." Mr. Merrell was married with -Miss Ellen Williams, at Richland, Oswego County, New York, September 8, 1853. Mrs. Merrell's parents were from Wales, and were on the Atlantic passage to America, when she was born, May 27, 183'2. They have seven children-Kittie M., born in Adams Township, September 14, 1855; John B. and Jennie, born in Adams, July 19, 1862 ; Alfred H. and Harriet, born in Adams. August 10, 1864; Fanny, born in Maumee, January 11, 1869; and Salvia, born at Maumee, February 16, 1872. Kittie M: was married with Albert O. Case, at Maumee, November 30, 1877, whose daughter, Nellie E. Case, was born in Toledo, January 2S, 1879. John B. and Ida Coburn were married at Whitewater, Wisconsin, October 22, 1885, their daughter. Marguerite, being born in Toledo, July 23. 1886.

FISH TRADE.

As shown in the article on Game (Part II, Chapter 4), the Fish supply of the Maumee River became prominent at a very early period. As there shown the matter of trade in the same was discussed as early as 1815. For many years that interest increased in importance, the product coming to be a material dependence for food, not with settlers along the River only, but with those for distances in the interior. Fishing as a business, in time came to be followed ; and in consequence, dealers in the same ere long appeared at Toledo find other points. Among the latter were Wm. J. Finlay, J. C. and J. H. Davis, St. John & Buck, D. Y. Howell, and J. G. Norton & Co. The principal varieties of Fish taken were Pickerel, Black Bass and White Fish.

Until the Winter of 1872-73, no steps were taken in regard to the Fish supply in the waters of the State. At that time the Legislature provided for the protection and propagation of Fish, and appropriated the sum of $1,000 for that purpose; but nothing was then done to that end. In 1853 Dr. Theodatus Garlich, at Cleveland, hatched the first fish (Trout) produced by artificial means on this continent.

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In 1874-75, Judge E. D. Potter of Toledo, then a member of the Ohio Senate, introduced into that body a bill for the protection and propagation of Fish in the State, for which purpose the sum of $10,000 was appropriated. This was the first effective step in that direction. Under that act, Robert Cumnlings, John C. Fisher and J. H. Klippart were appointed Fish Commissioners, and E. D. Potter, Superintendent. In the Fall of 1875, Fish Hatcheries were established at Toledo, Cleveland, Castalia and Kelley's Island, with 600,000 White Fish eggs in the first named establishment. These were successfully hatched, but the experiments at the other points, owing to too high temperature of the water, did not succeed. Large numbers of Salmon were hatched and put in the Lake, very few of which were heard front.

The policy of protection and propagation has continued until this time, when some 80,000,000 of young White Fish are annually put into the Lake and streams of the State; with about as many of Wall-Eyed Pike-those two being the only species now propagated. In 1881, Judge Potter obtained at Washington soule 700 of German Carp, which were distributed in the streams of Ohio, and which are producing with much satisfaction.

The policy of protection of Fish from unseasonable and improper means of capture, has been maintained with increasing efficiency since 1875, with beneficial results, as have means for like protection of Game in the State. The Commissioners in charge of this interest are now (1888) C. V. Osborn, of Dayton ; A. C. Williams, Chagrin Falls; John Hofer, of Belleaire; J. H. Laws, of Cincinnati; and E. D. Potter, of Toledo.

DANIEL Y. HOWELL was born August 24. 1822, at Palmyra, Wayne County, New York, and died at Toledo, February. 19, 1886. He was a son of George W. Howell, and second of a family of eight children. The father was a farmer, and Daniel remained with him, working on the farm until 21 years of age. He then came West, with a capital of $7.00, saved from his earnings. To Buffalo be came by an Erie Canal Packet, whence he took deck passage to Detroit on board a Steamboat. Passing on to Ann Arbor, Michigan, be there engaged to cut cord-wood for a time, and subsequently learned the trade of masonry and building. He then returned to Wayne County, staying there for one year. In the Spring of 1845, he came to Toledo, and soon engaged with Loren Blodgett, a Builder. In the Winter of 1845-46 he taught a District School in Springfield Township, and the following Winter in Whiteford Township, Michigan. During the Summers of 1847 and '48 he worked at his trade in Michigan. Returning to Toledo in 1849, he made that City his home until his death. He constructed several prominent public and private buildings, including the Third and Fourth Ward School Houses, in 1S50; the Wabash Round-House and large Elevators of the Michigan Southern (now Lake Shore) Railroad. In 1859, Mr. Howell took charge of the Adams Street Ferry across the Maumee River, and continued the same until 1863. Subsequently he engaged in contracts for buildings, and in 1865 he commenced the Fish business, which he conducted with special success until his death (a period of 22 years), his trade being the largest of the kind in fresh waters. He was succeeded in the business by his son, Arthur D., who vet conducts it. Mr. Howell was a member of the Toledo City Council from the Third Ward in 1858, and served for six years from 1870 as member of the Toledo Board of Education from the Seventh Ward, being Treasurer of the same for three years. In 1880 he was appointed by Governor Foster as Superintendent of the State Fish Hatchery at Toledo, in the management of which for several years, he was specially successful. He became a member of Toledo Lodge, No. 144, F. and A. M., in 1854, and served repeatedly as its Grand Master. Mr. Howell was a man unpretentious in his habits and intercourse, but of clear sense of right and justice, and firm and earnest in the pursuit of his convictions. Every trust committed to his hands-whether of business or of official nature was conscientiously considered and scrupulously guarded. His life was marked by much energy and industry, and was specially promotive of the material growth of the City. He was married October 31, 1846, at Williamson, Wayne County, New York, with Miss Catharine M. Saunter, who was born in Williamson, September 24. 1820, being the only daughter of Benjamin and Eliza Sumner. Her father was born in Washington County, and her mother in Orange County-, New York, the latter having been the daughter of Daniel Papineau, a prominent man in the early history of Wayne County. Mr. Howell's only child, Arthur D., was born at Toledo. December 2. 1850, and was married October 16. 1879. with Miss Ettie, daughter of George Douglass, of Toledo.