350 - MADISON COUNTY, OHIO. Although great growth in equal suffrage sentiment has taken place in London, there is room for much more. A cordial spirit of welcome. should greet the women who have the courage to come forward as candidates for the school board. There is room for the special service of a woman's intelligence in matters concerning education. Hitherto, book-learning has often turned into the world a helpless, inefficient class. of graduates who despise domestic industries, ignorant of home-making and the hygienic production of food. Practical training in culinary and domestic matters, also a measure of manual training with those- implements most commonly used in ordinary life, as well as training in agriculture, with practical experience in the school garden, should all have place in the education of the young. And .since the rest of the world have found women to be valuable on the school board, why should London lag behind? The Woman's Elective Franchise Association welcomes all honorable disciples of the suffrage cause who wish to enroll in its ranks: TWENTIETH CENTURY CLUB By Maud Berry Bonner. The Twentieth Century Club was organized in 1898 and was federated in 1900. It was composed principally of a few ladies who were real home women; women of families and regular. homekeepers, women who had been debarred from literary work. This club weekly expected to review books and this they did for about two years. In the meantime a name was to be given it; several were proposed and "Twentieth Century" was selected. The following officers were then elected: President, Mrs. Kate Hanson; first vice-president, Mrs. M. :C.. Lohr; second vice-president, Mrs., Clara Pierce; secretary, Mrs. Cora Henderson; corresponding secretary, Mrs. F. N. Gardner; treasurer, Miss MaymeJones. The charter members are,. Mrs., Kate. Strain, Mrs. Kate Hanson, Mrs. Mary. Florence, Mrs., S. L. Turner, Mrs. Riley Watson, Mrs. Clara Pierce, Miss, Josie Lohr, Mrs. J. Lohr, Mrs. Mary Dungan, Mrs: Isa Dungan and. Mrs. F. N. Gardner. In the past seventeen years ,of. our existence its membership has been extended throughout town and county, although some have resigned; some have moved to other localities and some have, been called to the Great Beyond, namely, Mrs. Mary Florence, Miss Kate Byers, Mrs. Carrie Arbuckle and Miss Mayme Jones. "Farewell! A little time, and we Who knew thee well; and loved thee here, One after one 'shall tallow thee; As pilgrims through the gates of fear, Which opens an eternity." There are at present twenty-seven active members of the Twentieth Century Club and the drift of the studies has been literary, historical and miscellaneous subjects; during the past year studying Shakespeare's As You Like It," taking up the different studies each year with progressive enthusiasm; at. the same time never forgetting that the time is never lost that is. devoted to work; also enjoying a time set apart for feast days. The officers of the club at the present time are as follows: President, Mrs. Thorressa Moore; first vice-president, Mrs. Anna Bryan; second vice-president, Mrs. Belle Linson; recording secretary, Maud Berry Bonner; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Elizabeth Placier; treasurer, Miss Emily Blue. A woman cannot do the things she ought; which means, whatever perfect thing she can—in life, in art, in science; but she fears to let the perfect action take her part and rest there: she must prove what she can do before she does it. MADISON COUNTY, OHIO - 351 MADISON COUNTY HEALTH AND WELFARE LEAGUE. By Mrs. A. J. Strain. The Madison County Health and Welfare League is an incorporated body having for its objobjecte bringing about of better health for the citizens of London, by holding up before her people the more sanitary ways of living, the better housing of her people, the caring for the sick, and the social and moral uplift of her inhabitants is a new organization, far reaching in its ideals. Miss Anna Johnson, district tuberculosis nurse, was the first one to advocate the forming of a health league. She asked for the co-operation of the federation of clubs, but the president, Mrs. Clinton Morse, wisely and judiciously decided that it should be an organization composed of ofth men and women, and referred the matter the health department of London. H. J. Sharp, health" officer at that time, had several mass meetings which were addressed by Miss McNamara, a district nurse of Columbus; Miss Johnson, the promoter of the idea, and Mrs. Annie E. Rumer, a social worker of Chillicothe. The permanent organization was perfected January, 1915, and is officered as follow: President, Dr. H. J. J. Sharpirst vice-president, Mrs. A. J. Strain; second vice-president, Mrs. M. E. Dwyer; secretary, Dr. E. F. Rosnagle; treasurer, Mrs. Harry Barker; board of directors, Mrs. Clinton Morse, Mrs., Lee H. Williams, Mrs. Gideon Clark. Mrs. A. J. Strain, Mrs. Charles Cheseldine, Dr. Effie B. Koontz, Dr; H. J. Sharp, Judge Frank Murray, Mr. E. S. Gordon, Dr., J. F. Kirkpatrick and Dr. E: F. Rosnagle. The county commissioners at a recent meeting gave the league the privilege using the property left the county for a hospital or an old ladies home by the late. Miss Bertha Coover and an emergency hospital and welfare house will be established on said Property as soon as the league can make the necessary arrangement for proper bbuiuildingsd the maintenance of same. A "better babies" contest was held at. the county fair grounds, on Thursday, August 26, 1915, the third day of the county fair. Eighty-eight babies between the ages of six months and five years were entered. The sweepstake pes went to June Rea Chenoweth, two-year old daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Austin Chenoweth. and to Thurman Russell Snyder, the two-and-one-half-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Snyder, the average's 'being ninety-eight and ninety-eight and one-half. respectively. Dr. Effie B. Koontz, superintendent in charge of the "better babies" contest, merits much Prapraiser the very efficient manner in which she managed this contest. She and her co-workers, Mrs. Lee H. Williams, chairman of the scoring committee and Mrs. Gideon Clark, chairman of program, were indefatigable in their work, and were largely instrumental in making the contest a successful feature of the fair. Miss Mabel Smith, en exPexperiencedrse and social worker, has been in London for four months, averaging some seventy calls monthly. The work of the Health, and Welfare League promises big results for the fuhitture,d it no doubt will. in years to come prove a 'blessing and a benefaction to the citizens of London and Madison county. LONDON FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S CLUBS. By Mrs. A. J. Strain: This organization was perfected on April 7, 1913, on which date the three literary clubs of London, realizing that better work might be accomplished, and more activities taken care of by co-operation, decided to forces. The East High Street Club, the oldest literary organization in London, took the initiative and invited the Woman”s Club and the Twentieth Century Club to meet with them in a mass meeting at the court house. Mrs. A. P. Morris and Mrs. Frank Cussins, members of the Altrurian Club of 352 - MADISON COUNTY, OHIO Columbus, were present on this occasion, and both spoke of the splendid work being accomplished by the federation of Columbus. It seemed quite fitting that Mrs. Clinton Morse should be chosen the first president of the London federation, as she had long been imbued with the club spirit, and was the one to bring the federation idea to Loudon, having worked under the first general federation president; Mrs. Charlotte Emerson Brown, of New Jersey. Mrs. Morse was also the founder of one of the oldest clubs in New Jersey, the El Mora Literary Club, of Elizabeth, which club was organized in 1886. She was one of the organizers of the Woman's Club and a charter member of the Fortnightly Civic Club The other officers were Recording secretary; Mrs. Charles Gain; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Ralph Coons; treasurer, Mrs. Peyton Emery; auditor, Mrs. Sherman Simpson ; vice-presidents, Mrs. Frank Noland, of the East High Street Club ; Mrs. John Parker, of the Woman's Club, and Mrs. B. F. !Anson of the Twentieth Century Club. Sine its organization a number of social clubs and two church societies have joined the London Federation of Woman's Clubs, so that eight organizations, numbering more than two hundred women, are now banded together for social and "Welfare work, civic improvement and club fellowship. The London federation, in its short existence, has proved a power for good in the community. The first great achievement of which the members feel justly proud, was the beautifying of the grounds around the high' school. Under the efficient chairmanship of Mrs. Lee :Williams, the entire federation, with Mrs. Sallie Robison at the head of committee on ways and means, worked as a. unit, until the last payment of the one thousand and thirty-five dollars; the contract price, was paid. A community Christmas tree was arranged in 1913 for the benefit of all the children in London:; another splendid one in 1914 and a Christmas dinner, consisting of all the delicacies that constitute a real Yuletide feast, were given under the auspices of this organization, with Mrs. Clinton Morse and Mrs. John R. Tanner, chairmen, thereby proving that the members are interested in the social and moral .uplift of the community. The crowning activities of the past year have been the work accomplished by the educational and civic committees. The former with funds solicited by the committee; has sent four girls to normal school, thereby preparing them for positions as teachers in the schools throughout the state. The committee which brought this worthy project to fruition was composed of Mrs. Neva Chenoweth. Mrs. A. J. Strain, Mrs. Horace Jones, Mrs. Minnie Cheseldine, Mrs. Scott Chenoweth and Mrs. Frank Warner. The civic committee, under the chairmanship of Mrs. John Parker, has &ne a wonderful work in the beautifying of London, and in- interesting the school children in gardening and flower raising. Prizes were awarded. to forty children for the best display of flowers and vegetables and much interest was manifested. A recent home talent entertainment, "Fi Fi," given under the leadership of Mrs. Gideon Clark, chairman of the ways and means committee, was staged for the purpose of helping a new and worthy organization in our midst and the entire proceeds were given to the Madison County Health and Welfare League. It became necessary a few months ago to make the federation an incorporated body. in order that it might be a beneficiary under the will of the late Miss Bertha Coover. that grand, noble; self-sacrificing woman having bequeathed to the federation the sum of seven thousand dollars for the purchase or erection of a club house. A board of trustees was elected as follows: Mrs. Peyton Emery; Miss Sallie Dooris, Mrs. J. R. Atchison, Mrs. William. Chandler: Mrs. Clinton Morse. Mrs. A: J. Strain, Mrs. Robert Moore, Mrs. Charles E. Gain, Mrs. Frank Noland, Mrs. Martel Bryan and Mrs. Ogan Stroufe. The officers of the club at the present time fire as follow: President, Mrs. MADISON COUNTY, OHIO - 353 Sallie K. Robison; recording secretary, Mrs. Ida F. White; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Frank Noland; treasurer, Mrs. Martel Bryan. The beautiful Dixon home on North Main street was purchased by the federation, in the early summer of 1915, and henceforth will be the club home, not only of this organization, but of the societies and clubs of which, the federation is formed, as well OS two or three not included in its membership. The London Federation of Women's Clubs is g power for good in this community, and while so much has been. accomplished in the short two years of its existence, greater, nobler, grander achievements are being hoped 'for by the members in the years that are to follow. MARRIED LADIES THIMBLE CLUB By Mrs. E. C. Spitler The Members of the Married Ladies Thimble Club take pride in the fact that is the oldest sewing club in London. The first meeting was held at the home of Mrs. Ormond Bryan and the club was properly organized about January, 1899. Some time later Mrs. J. F. Ganschow suggested the use of printed calendars, which since have been issued each year. The first officers were: President, Mrs. Ora Vance; vice-president, Mrs. Ella Jones; secretary, Mrs. Earl Hathaway. The club has grown in membership' from twelve to thirty. The members meet once in two weeks, spending the time in attending to business, sewing, and elaborate refreshments are served. The following served as officers during 1913-1914: President, Mrs. Ella Shough; first vice-president, Mrs. Allie Chenoweth; second vice-president, Mrs. Addle Rowlen; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Olga Spitler; recording secretary, Mrs.. Minnie Cheseldine; treasurer, Mrs. Estella Dodds; assistant secretary, Mrs. Grace Bryan. (23) CHAPTER XXVIII. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. It is presumable that the many different isms and systems of practice that have prevailed here have prevailed in common elsewhere throughout the country, but it may not be amiss to state that, owing to the scarcity of physicians and the difficulty that the early settlers of Madison county experienced in attaining the wherewithal for a guid pro quo when they were obliged to employ them, cheaper systems of practice were introduced by charlatan& One of these was the system of "steaming" the patient. The practice was to place the patient in bed, closely covered. Then a large kettle of water was placed over the fire, in the. open fireplaces with a close fitting lid, through which a long tin spout was inserted. When the water began to boil, the farther end of the spout was thrust under the bedclothes and all the generated steam was thus turned on to the patient. A large portion of the families through the country had their steam kettle and tin spout. An old settler recalls the story of an old woman over in the Darby plains who sent for a "steam doctor," and who was really very ill. She did not live many hours after the "doctor's" arrival, and when they came to "lay her out," they found her parboiled. The skin slipped from her body like the skin from a boiled eel. Upon the heels of this system came the Thomsonian, or botanical system. For this system they sold "family rights." Their different preparations were numbered. and labeled. No. 1 was good for one thing, and No. 2 for another thing. Their favorite number was "No. 6." To take a teaspoonful of it one .would think he had made a mistake and got No. 60, capsicum, or Cayenne pepper, being the chief ingredient. "Doctor Gunn," a work on domestic practice, was placed on the table by the side of the Bible and "Fox's Book of Martyrs." But this was a great improvement over the "steam doctors." No 6 and lobelia, as universal panaceas. and .specifics, however, have had their day. A lobelia doctor was called up at Milford, in the .palmy days of lobelia and No. 6, to see a very nice little woman, a bride of three months, who was moderately sick with milk-sickness. He prescribed a lobelia emetic. He told her to stick her finger in her throat to aid the emetic. It is likely it did to some extent, as she died in two minutes. from collapse. But a new light .has dawned. More. rational, systems now prevail, and the main differences now existing, exist mostly in the names. .Under the laws of Ohio now, all practitioners are required to be graduates of some regularly chartered college; and most of the physicians of Ohio, and all in Madison county, are reasonably well qualified for the responsibilities and requirements of the calling. LONDON PHYSICIANS. Dr. Simon Steers, the first resident physician in. London, probably came from Jefferson county, Ohio. He lived on the John Thompson land, on the north side of the road, near where the lane came on from Israel Dalby's house. He was a lame man and under size. William Wingate, of Union township, north of London, is quoted as having heard him called "Little old Doctor Steers." . Doctor Steers arrived at that farm, west of London, about 1810, and probably died in this county. Dr. Samuel Balderidge, who came about 1811,•was the second physician here. He was also a Pres. byterian preacher and was long remembered by the old citizens with a moderate degree MADISON COUNTY, OHIO - 355 of respect. When he left London, about 1820, it is thought he went over about Cambridge, Ohio. Doctor Blount located here for a short time in. about 1814. He was from Massachusetts and probably from. Boston, He married a Miss Donlin, who lived on the west side of Deer Creek, in Deer Creek township, on the James Wilson farm, and nearly opposite his residence. Dr. Aquilla Toland was born on September. 26, 1793, in Harford county, Maryland. He was a, pupil of Doctor Luckey, of Baltimore, and, after one course of lectures in the University of Maryland; he came West. and located for a time at Franklinton near Columbus, and in 1819, located in London. He was graduated from the Cincinnati Medical College: in the year 1837, after. he had been for eighteen years a practitioner here. In 1843, he was elected by the Whig, party to the state legislature. He was tall, portly, dignified, of a somewhat austere. demeanor, but extremely gracious and courteous, and courtly to his colleagues. He never had occasion of jealousy toward them, for they were compelled to be ,respected, and as for practice, he always had more than he properly could attend to, his practice extending beyond the limits of the county. The business about Midway was divided between him and . Dr. Joshua Martin; of Xenia, and he was the one relied on in great emergencies for twenty miles around in all directions. He always rode on horseback: and looked like a very knight errant, he sat a horse so gracefully. In the summer season he generally returned late at night, when he . returned at all, and, in riding through the tall prairie grass and in unbeaten paths, he would usually return wet to the waist by the heavy dews. Dr. Aquilla Toland was the Nestor of the profession at London for forty years; both in medicine and surgery. He died at London, of erysipelas, December 30, 1866, aged seventy-three years, leaving a large estate. He married, April 11, 1822, Elizabeth Lewis, of London, Ohio,, who long survived him. Doctor Scott was at London for several. years, from about 1820. While there he married a Mrs. Gregory, from Oldtown, Ohio. Doctor Eastman was here probably as early as 1820. Dr.. Seeley Waite also located at .London as early, as1820. Old inhabitants long, remembered him, as an elegant gentleman. He married Clara Phifer, sister of George Phifer. His widow married .Lewis Crane, and after the tatter's, death, married William Vance, of Champaign county, Ohio, brother to Governor Vance, of Ohio. Doctor. Waite died in Springfield, Ohio, in about .1822. Doctor- Gage came to London in about, 1820, but lived there only about three years. Dr. Robert. Martin, whose brother, Dr. Joshua Martin, was in practice at Xenia, located. here about 1822. AN IMPULSIVE DISCIPLE OF AESCULAPIUS. Doctor Raiff, a German, located at London about 1823. He was an eccentric, fiery, impetuous, but educated physician. Many anecdotes characteristic of the man are still extant. It is recalled that he rode like a whirlwind. It is said of him that one Delashmutt, down on the glade, once sent him a formula after which he wanted him to make him some pills. The doctor flew into a passion and said: "Cot tam him. Vat's dat? Some bills? Heno dunk I un'erschtan how to "make bills. I make him bills. I show 'ins." The pills were sent and Delashmutt lived just two hours. Doctor Raiff had carried Schuler McDonald through the milk-sickness. When the patient was convalescent, the doctor cautioned him repeatedly about guarding his appetite doctor presently was sent for in great hake, and: upon teaching McDonald's home found his patient dead. He ascertained that death had been caused by the immediate indulgence of the appetite in a plate of bacon and cabbage. The old, doctors again lost his temper and going to the corpse, he caught it by the nose. Tweaking that member violently, he said: "You eat cabbitch, ha! Cot tam Yon, eat cabbitch again mit bacon, vill you ; as much you please now !" and mounting his horse, was off like a rocket. 356 - MADISON COUNTY, OHIO. Dr. John Warner, a twin brother of William Warner, a former sheriff of the county, located here for a time, about 1825. He subsequently went West, and died at Pekin, Ill. Doctor Craig, was, also here for awhile, about 1825. Doctor Grover was also. here about 1825. Dr. Joseph. Anthony, brother to Gen. Charles Anthony, of Springfield, Ohio, came to London about 1831 or 1832:, He was a lame man, but large, Portly and prepossessing. He was remembered. best; however, by his having a printing press, upon which he printed sacred hymns and ,such like literature as was in demand. Doctor Herriman came here about 1834. He married a Miss Mitten. somewhere beyond Jefferson, in the Darby country., Dr. David J. Maulsby, born in Fredericktown, Maryland, came about 1835 ; practiced here until about 1842 or 1843, and returned to Maryland. He became quite irregular in his. habits, but was a good practitioner when not in his cups: Dr. Dennis Warner, was a pupil of his for a while. Dr. Dennis Warner, son of William and Susan (Matthews) Warner, born in Union township, Madison county, Ohio, May, 19, 1818, commenced the. study of medicine in 1838, under Dr. David J. Maulsby, and afterward.. with Aquilla Toland. He began the practice of medicine and later, March 2, 1847, was graduated from Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati. He was, married, November 10, 1847, to Mary Chenoweth, daughter of John F. and Margaret (Ferguson) . Chenoweth, born in Madison county, October 10, 1829. Dr. James. M. P. Baskerville, of Range township, studied medicine, but did not practice, to any extent. He was scholarly, and devoted to the dead languages and the exact sciences. He also read medicine with Doctor Toland. Dr. Alfred Jones, practiced, at London, at one time Dr. Enoch Thomas, an eclectic and a man of more than ordinary ability about 1842 left. London to go to Cleveland. Dr. Lewis was in London about 1842, and Dr. Jehial Gregory came in about 1840. Dr. William A.. Strain, son of .John C. and Margaret Strain, born in 1813 in Greenfield, Ohio, studied .medicine with Doctor McGarry, of Greenfield, Ohio, located at Mt. Sterling, this county, about 1837. About three years. later . he moved to London, where he remained until 1865, when he removed to Greenfield, Highland county, the place. of his birth. He. was graduated from, Starling. Medical College with the class of 1852. Shortly after commencing practice he married Mary G. McMillen, daughter of William McMillen, of Greenfield, Ohio. Doctor Thomas was here as a partner of Dr. William A. Strain in 1859. He moved to-California, this county, in about 1860, and died there in 1861. He, was a partner, while there, of Dr.: 0, G. Field. He married, about 1860, a daughter of Sylvanus Bates. Dr. James Allen married, first, Betsy Russel ; second; Martha Reyburn ; was more identified outside of the county, but was a highly respected gentleman and- a good physician—much above the average. He read medicine with Dr. A. Toland, moved to Darbyville and returned to London in 1859. DURING THE CIVIL WAR PERIOD. Dr. Toland Jones, born in Union township, this county, January 10, 1820, son of Thomas Jones, studied medicine with Dr. Aquilla Toland, of London, and after one course of lectures at Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, commenced the practice of medicine in London. The title of doctor of medicine was conferred upon him by the Cleveland Medical College about 1858. ,He married, March 19, 1846, Frances A. Toland, of London, eldest daughter of Dr. Aquilla and Elizabeth (Lewis) Toland. He was colonel of the One Hundred and Thirteenth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, during the war, and practiced in London for years. Dr. A. J. Miles was a practicing physician before entering the war in 1863, as a private in the Fortieth Regiment. Ohio Volunteer Infantry, from Darke county, Ohio ; was the hospital steward of the Fortieth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry ; was discharged for disability and came to MADISON COUNTY, OHIO - 357 London and commenced practice in 1864 ; went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he married, and was a college professor for years. Dr. D. W. Williams, born in 'Granville, Ohio, July 15, 1836, educated at Dennison University, Granville, Ohio, studied medicine with Dr. D. H. Beckwith; Zanesville, Ohio, was graduated from the Cleveland Homeopathic College in 1865; and came to London in the spring of that year. He was married to Adelia Chrisman, youngest daughter of Jacob Chrisman, in the fall of 1866. Dr. William Morrow Bead', who lived two miles north of London, moved to the farm in 1865, after the war. Dr. 'John H. Holton practiced first at Mt. Sterling, this county; and located in London in 1866. He was eminent in the profession. He died of pneumonia about the year 1874, his death having been caused by exposure and overwork: His widow long resided in Columbus, Ohio. Dr. D. R Wren came from Mechanicsburg in 1864, but did not remain long. Dr. A. H. Underwood was born on April 21, 1836, in Brimfield, Portage county, Ohio, and commenced the study of medicine with Dr. A. S. Weatherby, of Cardington, Morrow county, Ohio, in 1862, being graduated from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery in 1865. He commenced practice the same spring in South Charleston, Clark county, Ohio, and, in February, 1866, came to London, where he was in practice for many years. Dr. C. G. Slagle located in London shortly after the war. While there, he married Emma Sprung, daughter of the longtime and veteran editor of the London Chronicle. He moved to Greenfield, Ohio, about 1868, but later moved to Minnesota, where he was for years an associate editor of the Northwest Medical Journal. Dr. James T. Houston, born in 1816, on a farm four miles east of Springfield, Ohio, commenced the study of medicine in 1843, with his brother, Dr. Robert Houston,' and Doctor Bradberry, of. South Charleston, Ohio. At the session of 1837-38 he attended a course of lectures at the. Cincinnati Medical College, known as "Drake's School," the faculty of which consisted of seven professors, Drake, Gross, Parker, Harrison, McDowell, Rievs and Rodgers. Among Doctor Houston's classmates were Carey A. Trimble, John Dawson, Samuel Mitchell Smith, Davis, Kaincaid and Brown. He commenced practice with his brother, Robert Houston, of South Charleston, in 1838 and in 1840 removed to Jeffersonville, Fayette county, this state, where he practiced for fifteen years; and then removed to Jamestown, Greene county, where he practiced fifteen years, making thirty-one years of continuous professional labor, nearly twenty of which was performed riding over mud roads on horseback. He was graduated from Starling Medical College in 1857, and located in London in 1869. In 1838 he was commissioned by Governor Vance, of Ohio, as brigade surgeon of militia of Clark county, Ohio. He was married, in 1844, to a daughter of Capt. William Palmer, of Fayette county, Ohio: Dr. James B. Sprague was born in Harmony township, Clark county, Ohio, and was educated in part at an academy 'of which Chandler Robins was superintendent. He was a pupil of Dr. Robert Rogers, of Springfield, Ohio, and was graduated from the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati, in March, 1851. He practiced at Vienna Crossroads and at Springfield, Clark county, Ohio, and located at London, January 9, 1871. Be was in the army three' years as the assistant surgeon of the Twenty-seventh Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was married on November 8, 1843, to Sarah Chamberlain, youngest daughter of Isaac Chamberlain. Dr. Henry J. Sharp was born on March 2, 1845, in Geallia county, Ohio, and was educated at Ohio Wesleyan University. He later was a pupil of Prof. John W. Hamilton, of Columbus, Ohio, and was graduated from Starling Medical College, in 1871, locating in London in October of same year. He was married in April, 1872, to Katherine E. Dooris, of Zanesville, Ohio. "Doctor Rooney was in partnership with Dr. J. E: Sprague in Vienna, and was with him at London also, for about a year, later moving 358 - MADISON COUNTY; OHIO'. to Springfield, Illinois. Dr. D. A. Morse; a one-time London physician, was for years superintendent of the hospital for the insane at Oxford. He also was a professor in different medical colleges, his specialty having been nervous diseases, and was author of several works on medicine some of which were reprinted in Germany. Dr. A. J. Strain, born in Greenfield, Highland county, Ohio, January 3; 1845, was a , pupil of William A. Strain, his uncle, and. was graduated from Miami Medical College at Cincinnati, in March, 1873. He located in London in 1876 and was married on January 7, 1880, to Mary, daughter of Washington Wilson, of Springfield, Ohio, and is still living. Dr. Clifton S. Morse, son a Nathan. and Amelia (Calliver) Morse, born at Amity, this county, on July 28, 1857; was graduated from Starling Medical College in 1879, and located in London the same spring. He married Emma McDonald, daughter of J. B. McDonald, of Union township, and moved to Creston, Iowa, in 1882. Dr. Addison Platt King, born in Marion county, Ohio, in 1847, was graduated from Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, City, in 1878, and was married in July, 1881, to Mary Smith, of Mansfield, Ohio, daughter of E. W. Smith, a clergyman.. Both were drowned by the overturning of a skiff in. a storm, on Lake Chautauqua, New York, the summer following their marriage. The news produced a most profound sensation in London, where the doctor had been residing for about two years. He was not a practitioner, though a member of the Ohio Medical Society, but was a member of the drug firm of Robinson & King.  Dr. Melville M. Moffitt, born in Orville,, Wayne county, Ohio, November 15, 1857, was educated at Otterbein University, Westerville, Ohio, and studied medicine with Drs. Rayer & Kirkland, Massillon, Ohio, and afterward with Prof. A. O. Blair, and was graduated from the Homeopathic Hospital College, Cleveland, Ohio; March 8, 1882. While in college, he was physician in charge of the newsboys and bootblacks home, and also was an acting assistant physician in the county jail of Cuyahoga county for one year and during his residence in London held the position of surgeon of the Indiana, Bloomington and Western Railroad. He was married on February 17, 1881; to Flora N. Henderson, daughter of H. T. and M. A. Henderson, of Westerville, Ohio. Dr. A. J. Kepler, who was born in Dayton, Ohio, July. 22, 1852, read medicine with Dr. G. W. Dickey, of Eaton, Ohio, and was graduated from the Eclectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati, on June 6, 1882. He practiced with Doctor Dickey, his preceptor, at Eaton, Ohio, until in October, 1882, and then moved to London. He married, March 3, 1873, Rosannah Dafler, of Dayton, Ohio, and is now living at Washington, D. C. PLAIN CITY.   Doctors Hill and Tappan were the first resident physicians of Darby township. They were eastern men probably from the state of Vermont, and the deep damnation of their taking off was for robbing a grave of the body of a squaw for the purposes of dissection. This excited the resident Indians to a high degree, and, as the act also excited the indignation of many of the white citizens, the doctors came to the conclusion that, under the circumstances, "discretion would be the better part of valor," and' accordingly their leaving was somewhat precipitate. Their location, while in this county, was probably near where Plain City now is.   Dr. Isaac Bigelow, son of Dr. Israel Bigelow, was born August 25, 1797; near Balston Spa, Saratoga county, New York. At the age of seventeen, in the year 1814, he came on foot from. Center county, Pennsylvania, to make a payment for his father on a land purchase from his uncle, Isaac, the land being that where Plain City now stands. Returning to Pennsylvania, he studied medicine with his father, Dr. Israel Bige low, and in 1817 returned to Ohio and located on Trickle's creek in Champaign county. He remained there one year, and in 1818 came to Madison county and laid out the   MADISON COUNTY, OHIO - 359   town of Westminster, in Darby township: This name was afterward changed to that of Pleasant Valley, but in 1872: after Doctor Bigelow's death, the citizens petitioned their representative in the Legislature—William Morrow Beach—for an act to change the name to Plain City, which was done, the reason therefore having been the fact that there were four or five towns in Ohio of the name. of Pleasant Valley, and perishable merchandise, shipped by railroad, was often sent wrong; thus becoming a loss to the receiver before reaching the proper destination. In about 1828; after his father had located for practice in this county, Dr. Isaac- Bigelow. went out of practice and became a general trader, diligent, persevering and active in all his enterprises. He had kept a hotel and store on the southeast corner of Main and Chillicothe streets until after the year 1838, when he sold out to Samuel O. Weatherington. He built a large brick dwelling house on the northwest corner of the same streets, about the year 1842. He was mayor of Pleasant Valley at one time, and was postmaster during Polk's administration. He married, July 17, 1815, Pony Bigelow, daughter. of Isaac and Polly Bigelow, who then lived where Plain City now stands. He died in Pleasant Valley, April. 10, 1857, of pneumonia.   Dr. Israel Bigelow, father of the preceding, was born August 21, 1774, in Dummerston, Windham county, Vermont. His father was Rev. Isaac Bigelow, a Revolutionary soldier, and his grandfather was Isaac Bigelow, of the province of Maine. At the age of about eighteen, or in .1792,. he became a pupil of Doctor White, of . Schenectady, state of New York, and practiced at Balston Spa, New York, until, 1812, when he moved to Center county, Pennsylvania. In 1823, he moved. to New Philadelphia, Ohio, and in 1828 to Pleasant Valley, this county, where he remained the rest of his life. He was very justly eminent in his profession, both as a physician and as a surgeon. As a surgeon, he was many years in advance of any other surgeon of the county. He operated in this county for vesicle calculi by the lateral operation ; removed the tibia by resection (on Brainard Hager) ; removed the entire breast for cancer (Mrs. Zenas Hutchison, Dublin) ; and performed many other important operations. He married, first, Eunice Kathron, daughter of Daniel Kathron, of Balston Spa, New York, born on August 23, 1774. He married; secondly, Miss: Clippiner and third, Mary Brown, the mother of Diana, Hosea B. and Chamberlain R. Bigelow. He died of vesical calculi, at his home in Pleasant Valley, May 28, 1838, aged sixty-four.   Dr. Daniel K. Bigelow, son of Dr. Israel Bigelow, born in Balston, Spa, New York, March 22, 1801, studied medicine with his father, and commenced practice with his brother, Dr. Lebbens Bigelow, at Morris Crossroads, Fayette county, Pennsylvania. In 1823, .he moved to Adamsburg, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1831, when he came to Ohio and settled on the farm near Pleasant Valley, this county, where he afterward died. He never was idle and though his professional charges were ridiculously low, he accumulated a fair estate, continuing in active practice up to the time of his death. He married, February 7, 1822, Lydia Custer, of Georges township, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, who was born on April 24, 1826, daughter of George and Catherine. (Leatherman) Custer, and died at her home, near Pleasant Valley, November 14, 1854, of strangulated hernia. He died at his home, near Pleasant"Valley, on the 10th of November 1850, of diabetes, aged fifty years.   Dr. William F. King, raised out on the Darby plains, a brother of Joseph, and Sarah King, studied medicine with Dr. Israel Bigelow, of Pleasant Valley. Tradition preserves a recollection of him as having been a particularly handsome, graceful and courtly gentleman. He practiced In Conjunction with Dr. Israel Bigelow, he attending mostly to the Visiting of patients, while the old doctor looked after the office business. He married Diana; daughter of Dr. Israel and Polly (Brown) Bgelow, and died not many years afterward, at Pleasant Valley.   360 - MADISON COUNTY, OHIO.   Doctor Fitch, a large, handsome, elegant-looking gentleman, was located at Plain City about 1842. It is possible; however, that he was not as elegant as he appeared. He compounded a nostrum that met with a large and ready sale as an ague specific, that he called "the devil's toenail." Dr. James Sidney Skinner was located at Plain City about 1842. Dr. Willis Hix Twiford, son of Rev. Clement Twiford, born and raised in Ross county, Ohio, studied with Dr. J. S. Skinner, commenced practice in Pleasant Valley about 1842, and moved to Union City, Indiana, about 1853. He was a surgeon of an Indiana regiment during the war and directly after the war moved to Minnesota. He married Nancy Dominy, daughter of Jeremiah Dominy, of Darby township, this county, about the time he entered upon his professional career.   Dr. Jeremiah Converse was born in Darby township, this county, in the year 1822 ; studied medicine with Dr. Marshall P. Converse and commenced practice at Liverpool in 1846. He was graduated from Starling Medical College in 1848. He located on the old homestead in Darby township, of which he became the owner, three miles from Plain City, in 1847, and married Sarah, daughter of Farmery Hemenway. Dr. James L. McCampbell, who located in Pleasant Valley about the year 1846, was a brother to Andrei; and Samuel McCampbell, well known in their day in and about New California. He was well qualified for the profession and was active and, diligent in business. He would have been a tall man, but rickets in his childhood had made him very short in the body. He had an immense practice in 1848 and 1849, and led the profession in the north part of the county. He died of typhoid fever, unmarried, about 1850. Dr. Joel N. Converse, son of Lothrop, was born and raised in Darby township. His widowed mother married, secondly, a Mr. Wheeler, who lived and died on the south end of what long was known as the Solomon Cary farm. He studied medicine for awhile in the East and after his marriage settled at Beachtown, in Union county, this state. About the year 1851 he located at Pleasant Valley and about 1853 moved to Union City, Indiana, where for years he was identified with railroad men and with railroad enterprises but later moved to Lincoln, Nebraska. He married Ann Eliza Phillips, daughter of Seth Phillips, of Darby township, this county.   NATIVE AND TO THE MANNER BORN.   Dr. John E. McCune, "native and to the manner born," was born and raised near the village of Plain City. He left the farm and was for a time clerk for George A. Hill 8z, Company but left that calling to commence the study of medicine with Dr. James L. McCampbell. He fitted himself very thoroughly for the profession, and then, like any other sensible young man when entering upon the profession, he married a sensible young woman and then put out his sign. His history, as a boy, a clerk, a medical student, practitioner, druggist and citizen, is a part of the history of Westminster, of Pleasant Valley, and of Plain City. Dr. Charles McCloud for, a time was located at Pleasant Valley, but his memory as a physician is more definitely associated with the period of his long continued practice at Amity.   Dr. William Inskeep Ballinger, eldest son of Joshua and Delilah (Inskeep) Ballinger, was born in Logan county, ,Ohio, October, 1828, and was for three years, from 1848, a student at the old Marysville Academy in Union county, Ohio, under the superintendency of Reverend Sterritt, Rev. Joseph B. Smith and Hon. James W. Robinson. In September, 1860, he entered the Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio. for three years, and, in the fall of 1853, entered as a pupil the office of Dr. David W. Henderson, Marysville, Ohio. He took one course of lectures at Starling Medical College, session of 1854-55, and one, session of 1855-56, at Cleveland Medical College, Cleveland, Ohio, where he was graduated on April 9, 1856. He settled in Pleasant   MADISON COUNTY, OHIO - 361   Valley the same year, and formed a partnership with Dr. John N. Beach, and for years was engaged in his profession. In conjunction with Richard Woodruff he built the flour-mill in 1873. He married, February 18, 1857, Matilda, daughter of John and Eliza (Mark) Taylor, of Darby township. Dr. Thomas Jefferson Haynes, son of J. B. W. Haynes, of Richwood, Union county, Ohio, was a graduate in medicine and practiced for a few years in New California, Union county, this state, near which place he was married to a daughter of Jesse Mitchell. He moved to Pleasant Valley about the year 1860, and was captain of Company G, Seventeenth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, three-months' men. He died at Pleasant Valley in 1863, of erysipelas of the throat. He was regarded as a man of much more than ordinary ability. Dr. Salathiel Ewing, a son of James M. .and a grandson of James Ewing, the first white settler of, what is now Union county, Ohio, for years was counted among the best practitioners of this county. He and Dr. M. J. Jenkins were the prime movers in the organization of the Madison County Medical Association, of which Doctor Ewing became 'the first president. He also was a member of the Ohio State Medical Society. Dr. A. Sells, another Pleasant Valley practitioner,, was raised. near Dublin, in Franklin county. He married Angalia Halm, of Columbus, Ohio, who long survived him. Dr. A. Haner was a practitioner in Plain City for years. He also was an active business man, and stood well in the profession. Dr. A. Carpenter was for a. few years located at Amity. He married Lucy Jane, daughter of Asa and Thankful Converse.   Dr. M. J. Jenkins, second son of Rev. Thomas and Anne Jenkins, was born in Aleramman, South Wales, November 15, 1853, at which place and neighboring towns the first ten years of his life were spent. In 1864, he came to .America with his father, on temporary business, . but his father, becoming infatuated with the country, left his son in charge of . friends at Johnstown, Pennsylvania, while he returned to Europe for the balance of his family. Returning to America, his father became the pastor for seven years of the Welsh Congregational church at Johnstown, Pennsylvania, removing thence to Radnor, Delaware county, .Ohio, where he became. pastor of the church of the same denomination, retaining that connection for ten years, at the end of ,which time he removed to Sharon, Pennsylvania, and thence, in May, ;1881, to Waterville, Oneida county, New York. In 1873 M. J. Jenkins entered Ohio Wesleyan University, where he remained for, three years, having previously prepared himself for college in the high schools of Johnstown, Pennsylvania, and. Radnor, Ohio. He was graduated from Miami Medical College at Cincinnati on March 1, 1878, and located at Plain City on May 1 of the same year. Doctor Jenkins was active in organizing the Madison County Medical Society, and was the first permanent secretary of the same. He was married, December. 24, 1879, to May Beem, of Richwood, Ohio, a cultured lady and eldest daughter of Owen and Ellen Beem.   Dr. F. M. Mattoon was born on June 21, 1842, .in. Genoa, Delaware county, Ohio, and was educated at Central College. He commenced the study of medicine: in. July, 1869, under Doctor Andrus, of Westerville, Ohio, and attended a course of lectures at Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery in 1870, but remained a pupil under Doctor Andrus until the spring of 1872, when he entered the office of. Dr. Davis W. Haider-man, Columbus, Ohio, where he remained until he was graduated at Starling Medical College on February 23, 1873. He located in. Belle Centre, Logan county,' this state, in April, 1873, remaining there three years, at the end of which time he removed to Piqua, Ohio, and thence, in 1877, to the Darby plains, stopping at Unionville Center for three years, at the end of which time, in April, 1880, he located. at Plain City. He married, July 29, 1875, Miriam R. Lecky, of Millersburg, Ohio, who was graduated, with the class of 1857, from the. Ohio Wesleyan Female College at Delaware, Ohio.   362 - MADISON COUNTY, OHIO   JEFFERSON.   Dr. David Wilson, who was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, April 20, 1789, did not study medicine until past middle life, at which period he became a pupil of Dr. Robert Houston; of South Charleston, Ohio. He commenced practice at West Jefferson, this county, December 1, 1831, and continued in active practice about twenty-five years. He died of apoplexy at his home in Jefferson, July 15, 1877, in the eighty-eighth year of his age.   Dr. Jennett Stutson, born in Scituate,. Massachusetts, September 7, 1807, was a pupil of Dr. John A. Turner, of Zanesville, Ohio. In the Winter of 1836-37, he attended one course of lectures at Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, and came directly from the college to Madison county, locating at Jefferson, where he resided until his death. September 23, 1861, aged fifty-eight years.   Dr. Ezra Bliss had practiced in Vershire, Vermont, for several years before coming to Madison county. He was twice married, having had twelve children by his first Wife and four by his second, of whom Webb Bliss was the youngest:— Doctor Bliss located at Jefferson about 1846 and died there about 1852.   Dr. John McCullough, who was born on January 10, 1805, in Washington county, Pennsylvania, studied medicine in eastern Ohio, and afterward practiced medicine for Several 'years in Reynoldsburg, Ohio. He moved to Jefferson, this county, in 1848, Where he continued to practice until about 1872, when age and failing health compelled him to desist. He was married in 1827 to Abba Brower and died on December 26, 1880 in Springfield, Ohio.   Dr: Benjamin Franklin Crabb, son of Rev. Henderson' and Jemimah (Downing) Crabb, was born in Amity, this county, and studied with Dr. Jennett Stutson of Jefferson. He was graduated from Starling Medical College and practiced a few years after 1850 in Jefferson, removing thence to South Charleston, Ohio, and afterward to Washington, Iowa. He was a colonel 'in the Union army, and was taken prisoner in his first battle, that of Bellmont, Missouri. His last days were spent in Lincoln, Nebraska.   Doctor Johnson, from about 185f to 1854, was a popular physician, who died in Jefferson in the last named year.   Dr. D. W. Seal, Doctor Archer and Doctor Davis, all eclectics, practiced at Jefferson for a short time from about 1852. Doctor Seal created the impression of being a Man of ability and general intelligence. He was tall, with an intellectual countenance, high forehead, and a cultured gentleman. He had a wife and several children and died about 1857 of consumption.   Dr. Thomas W. Forshee practiced at Jefferson about 1854 to 1857. He was a graduate hi medicine, and moved to Amity, from which place he went into the army As an officer in the Fourth Ohio Cavalry. resigned during the war and became an assistant surgeon to some regiment, later moving to Illinois.   Dr. John Colliver was born in Kentucky on December 6, 1811, and came to Ohio as early as 1840. In. 1842 he lived over in the Darby plains, on one of James Wilson's farms. It is said of him that he neglected to try to save his large crop of hemp that he had sown, but that he would sit down' on the hearth in his log cabin, with his back to the jamb, and alternate until the "wee small hours" of night between his book and an effort to keep the faggots burning bright' enough to see to.' read. He subsequently studied medicine with Dr. Daniel Bell, of Somerford township, this county, and located at Mechanicsburg, where he practiced for several years. He moved to Amity about 1852, and was there in 1856, when the smallpox got hold of his family. One daughter died and the entire. family became victims to the disease. In 1857 he Moved to Lafayette, this county; and in 1858 located at Jefferson. He was long remembered as a genial old gentleman; and honorable as a colleague in the profession, being   MADISON COUNTY, OHIO - 363   regarded as one of the most eminent eclectic physicians who ever resided in this county. He died of pneumonia at his home in Jefferson on June 10, 1865. He Married, February 5, 1832, in Kentucky, Matilda Robinson.   Dr. John Noble Beach; born at Amity, this county, January 29, 1829; was the pupil of Dr. Charles McCloud, and was graduated from Starling Medical College on February 25, 1850. After a few years of practice at Unionville Center and Plain City, he removed to: Jefferson, August 8, 1858. He spent three years in the army. He was married on June 1, 1858, to Eliza J. Snyder, of Champaign county, this state.   Dr. Homer Summerfield Quinn, son of Rev. Isaac and. Cynthia (Witten) Quinn, born on February 28, 1849, was a pupil of Dr. John H. Quinn, of Clinton county, this state, and was graduated from the Medical College of Ohio, with the class of 1862, and located at Jefferson in the sane year. He was elected by the Democratic party to the state Legislature in the fall of 1877. He married Betty Putnam, of Jefferson, in 1870.   Dr. Jefferson T. Colliver, born in Kentucky on January 19, 1841; son of Dr. John and Matilda (Robinson) Colliver, was graduated from the Eclectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati on June 1, 1864. He located in Jefferson, and after the death of his father, in the year following, succeeded to the latter's large and lucrative practice. He married, in November, 1869, Frances Adams, of Clinton, Illinois.   Dr. Charles Snyder, born in Champaign county, Ohio, March 12, 1848, was a pupil of Dr. J. N. Beach, and was- graduated from the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, Mardi 4, 1870. He was appointed resident physician to the Ohio penitentiary after his graduation, which position he presently resigned, and in 1872 located in Jefferson, where he long enjoyed a flourishing practice. Dr. Horatio Seymour Downs, born: in Urbana, Ohio, November 6, 1854, grandson of Dr. John Colliver, was graduated from the Eclectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati on June 3, 1879, and commenced practice in Jefferson in .June, 1880. • He married, May 4, 1880, Lizzie Bowen.   MT. STERLING.   Dr. Jehial Gregory was the first resident physician in Mt. Sterling, this ,county. Doctor Seeds, the second, was an Englishman. He claimed to have been a graduate at Oxford, England, and was, at least, a scholarly man. There is a tradition that he was at Mt. Sterling as early as 1833. He married, while there, a daughter of Robert Abernathy, -Of Jamestown, Greene county,. and moved to Wooster, Wayne county, and shortly afterward left that city.   Dr. William McClintick, who located in Mt. Sterling in 1840, practiced there ,about twenty years, after which he moved to Danville. His brother, Dr. Samuel McClintick, born February I, 1821, in Pickaway county, Ohio, son. of Joseph and Lizzie McClintick, the former, a native of Ireland, and the latter of Pennsylvania, commenced the study of medicine in 1841, under his brother William and . J. F. Wilson, of New Holland, Pickaway county. ,He attended a course of lectures at Ohio .Medical College, during the session of 1844-45, and located in Mt. Sterling in April, 1845, where he was in active practice many years. He married, May 20, 1846, Louisa C. Kauffelt.   Dr. Elam Bodman was in Mt. Sterling for, several years and was one of the leading physicians. About 1850 he bought a farm up in the Rea settlement and retired from the profession.   Dr. David E. McMillen, who located at Midway in 1847, was a physician of extensive acquaintance and was, long identified with the interests of the county.   Dr. John H. Holton was an educated, physician and, a good practitioner. His wife's maiden .name was Stimmel. He located at Mt. Sterling about 1860 and moved to London„ the county seat, about 1865, where he died of pneumonia.   364 - MADISON COUNTY, OHIO.   Dr. E. B. Pratt, who was located at Mt. Sterling for years, was a member of the Madison County Medical Association; and had served. as its president. He also was a member of the Ohio State Medical Society. Dr. W. H. Emory, of Mt. Sterling, also was a member of the Madison County Medical. Association, as well as of the Ohio State Medical Society,   AMITY.   Dr. Lorenzo Beach, son of Abel and Elizabeth (Kilbourne) Beath, was born at New Haven, Vermont; 'November' 7,' 1798. • He came to Ohio in' the fall of 1813 and joined his brother Uri who had preceded him one year, at Worthington. He availed himself of such opportunities as Worthington afforded for improving his education, and about 1816 or 1817 commenced the study of medicine at Worthington and afterward went to Urbana; Ohio, where he took a course of instruction in the office of Doctor Carter, being one of a class of ten students under Carter, who, upon the completion of the course, gave them a "certificate" of the fact. James Comstock, who was afterward his colleague and partner in business, and also Doctor Mosgrove, of Urbana, were of this "class:" He located where Amity now stands about 1820, being then in his twenty-second year. The amount of professional business transacted in those days, when physicians. were scarce, was only limited by their capacity to labor they traveled over; on horseback, a territory extending often to fifteen or twenty miles in all directions.   For some years after about 1833; Doctor Beath was the leading merchant in the north part of the county, and subsequently began to place his Capital in real estate. For several years he was the largest landholder and the heaviest trader in live stock, and the heaviest capitalist that Darby township had ever had in 1853, When lands in the north part, of the county were worth from thirty to forty dollars an acre, he began to sell out; and going to Illinois invested his money in land Warrants that were then abundant in the market at eighty cents an acre, and located several thousand acres of land in McLean, Ford, Kankakee and Livingston counties. He married Edith Bull, of Franklin county, Ohio, near Worthington, about the time he commenced the practice of medicine After her death he married a widow living in Fairbury, Illinois, and died at his home in that place in August, 1878, aged eighty.   Dr. James Comstock located at Amity about the same time that Dr. Lorenzo Beach did and was long: well spoken of. He was a' brother to. Buckley Comstock, for many years a leading- business man of Columbus, Ohio, and an uncle to the :Comstock, who for years was the proprietor of Comstock's Opera House. He later became a resident of Jamestown, Greene county, where his last days were spent.   Dr. Charles McCloud, probably the third physician at Amity, was born in Vermont on February 2, 1808; and moved with his father in his youth to Delaware county, this state. He studied Medicine with Dr. Alpheus Bigelow, of Galena; Delaware county, and settled in Amity about 1833. For a few years he also taught winter schools in Amity, but as soon as the people began to understand him, his practice began to increase, and for many years he was a very hard-working man in his profession, ever enjoying the most implicit trust and faith and respect of his patients. In 1850 he was a Whig member from Madison .county in. the Ohio Legislature and was elected a member of the Ohio constitutional convention in 1850. He married Jane Carpenter, and died at Plain, City, this county, of obstruction of the bowels, April 1, 1861, aged fifty-three.   Dr. James Sidney Skinner Was an Eastern man, probably from the state of New York, who settled in Amity about 1840. He was a dipper, dilettante sort of a man, `and while a student at Buffalo, New York, he so fascinated ,a daughter, of one Judge Clarke that an elopement and clandestine marriage was the result. His wife was a   MADISON COUNTY, OHIO - 365   very accomplished lady. Their history was known at Amity, and it was thought she began to regret the folly of her conduct. She was much admired by all classes of people there, and her influence, had much to do in refining the society by which she was surrounded. It was a hard struggle with her husband to make a respectable living, as he did not succeed in becoming a popular practitioner. She sickened and died and her body was started for Buffalo, by the way of Cleveland, in a two-horse wagon. Two days after it had left, her father, Judge Clark; came to Amity to see her, haying been notified of her illness, having passed the body of his unfortunate child on the road. The doctor afterward practiced at Plain City, this county, Columbus and Cincinnati, and then went to California.   Dr. Ashbaw, a bright little man from over about Dublin, was the next. He was badly marked with smallpox. He did not remain long.   Dr. Davis, who was probably the next; also came from over about Dublin, and stayed only a short time, later moving to Cheney's Grove, McClean county, Illinois, where he improved a farm and practiced medicine also   Dr. Abel W. Field, a New York state man, came to Madison county about 1835, and settled over on the Darby plains, where he lived for several years, at the end of which time he moved to Amity, about 1842, probably as early or earlier. than the time of Ashbaw or Davis. He had a fair practice, and was very popular. He was killed while returning from a professional call by : being thrown from his sulky, on the 9th of August, 1851. He was the father, of Dr: Archelaus Flater a wealthy and prominent physician of Ft. Des Moines, Iowa; of Dr. Orestes G. Field, of South Solon, this county, and of Capt. James. Field, of Marysville, Ohio.   Dr. James F. Boal, born and reared on Big Darby creek, in the Mitchell settlement, near Milford, was a graduate of Starling. Medical College, and had practiced at Canal Winchester, Ohio, before locating at Amity about 1848. He was a creditable practitioner, and active in business. In 1853. he bought up a drove of horses and moved to Illinois.   Dr. Lucius Burr Carpenter, a native of Delaware county, Ohio, from about Galena, a nephew of 'Mrs. 'Dr. Charles McCloud, lived at Amity for several years as a clerk in McCloud's store. and as a general student: He taught school and studied medicine with his uncre, and had fairly entered upon a promising future when he fell a victim of Asiatic cholera, during the epidemic of 1850. He was attending the Stanton family over in the plains, who had cholera, and returning late, went to bed not very well ; grew worse and died before morning. He married; Hester Mann, and left one child, Medora.   Dr. Isaac Newton Hamilton, who was reared at Richwood, Union county, Ohio, brother of Congressman Cornelius Hamilton—and Prof. John W. Hamilton, of Columbus, Ohio, remained at Amity from. about 1852 to 1855, when he moved to Unionville Center, Union county ; afterward to Milford Center and then to Marysville.   Dr. John Colliver and Dr. Thomas W. Forshee, whose careers have been touched on in previous paragraphs relating to the town of Jefferson, also for a time were physicians at Amity. Dr. William H. Jewett, a good physician and an exemplary gentleman, was for years successfully Miffed in practice at Amity.   MIDWAY   Dr. Jehial, Gregory was probably the first resident, physician of Midway, he having located there about the. year 1833. He married Susan Hazle, of London, the county seat, prior to his marriage having boarded at the hotel then kept by John M. Blue, father-in-law of John Dungan, of London. He moved from Midway to Mt. Sterling   366 - MADISON COUNTY, OHIO   about 1835, and became the first resident physician there. He studied for the profession with Doctor Martin, of Bloomingsburg, Fayette County, Ohio.   Doctor Clarke. was the second physician at Midway, locating there about 1835, remaining about, two years, at the end of which time he went to London, the county seat, and boarded with Colonel Lewis and practiced.. there for a short. time, then moved to Michigan.   Dr. Milton Lemen was probably the third. resident physician of Midway. He was born on March 1, 1819, in flange township, Clark. county, Ohio,. a. son of Judge John and Rebecca (Donelson) Lenten. Judge Lemen's wife is said to. have been an aunt to Gen. Andrew Jackson's wife. The Lemens were natives of Virginia and emigrated from Tennessee to Ohio. Milton Lemen studied medicine with Dr. Robert Houston, of South. Charleston, Ohio, and located at. Midway in 1843, soon acquiring an immense practice thereabout. He was a. man of great energy, :talk wiry, restive, impetuous—a kind of steam-engine man, and was a good an extra good physician. In the fall of 1860, he Was elected to the Ohio. State Legislature: as an independent. Republican. He removed to London, the county seat, in 1862, and, in .1863, was appointed by President Lincoln an examining surgeon for the counties. of Madison, Clark, Greene and Franklin. He was attacked with paralysis in 1865, before his discharge from the service, and died at his home in London, this county, April. 24, 1879. He had led a very inactive life for the fourteen years preceding his death, owing to; his paralytic condition,   Dr. John W. Greene, who was at Midway about 1844, moved from there to Fairfield, Greene county, where he married a .sister of . Judge James; Winans.   Dr. Nelson Strong Darling, a native of Massachusetts, who was graduated from Starling Medical College, in February, 1853, located in Midway in. the same year. He subsequently married a daughter of. Doctor. Wetmore, of Worthington, Ohio, and located for a, few years at London, moving thence to Indiana. He was a bright, energetic little man, and successful in business. He was a brother of Mrs. .R. L. Howards, whose husband was for many years the distinguished. professor of surgery in.. Starling Medical College.   Doctor Garrard was also practitioner and druggist at Midway for several years, and Dr. Washington .Atkinson was probably the next practitioner.   Dr. Orestes. G. Field, born in Canaan township, this county, son of Dr. Abel. W. Field, for a number of years a practitioner at Amity, was a practitioner at Midway for several years, . having located there. after the war. Ile, was graduated from Starling Medical College about the year 1858. He moved from Amity to South. Solon, this county.   Dr. D. A. Morse, later and for years superintendent of a private hospital for the insane at Oxford, Ohio, also was a practitioner at Amity for a time, as was Doctor Seaton; also, Dr. A. Ogan, born on August 4, 1841, in Greene county, Ohio, was educated in. the schools;: read medicine with Dr. C. H. Sparrh, of Jamestown, Greene county. was graduated from, Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, in 1873, and located the same year in Midway. He was married, in Octobers, 1861, to Miss Z. B. Owens, at Port William, Clinton county, this State, daughter of Dr.. William Owens, of Wilmington; Clinton county.   Dr. J. Finley Kirkpatrick, son of . James S. and Sarah A. Kirkpatrick, was born in Kosciusko county, Indiana, July 17, 1848; moved with his parents when young to Bloomington, Illinois, and there received a liberal education. He read medicine in 1872-73 with Doctors Finley and McClellan, attended lectures in 1874-75-76 in Keokuk, Iowa, and was graduated in the latter year. He then practiced medicine Paintersville and Jamestown, a Greene county, and located in Midway on October 13, 1877. He was married in   MADISON COUNTY, OHIO - 367   Mt. Sterling, this county; September 26, 1878, to Kate Bonham, daughter of William J. and Letitia, J. Bonham, of Midway, this county.    LAFAYETTE   The first settled physician in Lafayette was Dr. Christian Anklin, a German, and an, educated gentleman, whose wife, Martha, an English woman, was, a sister of Richard Cowling, of London, this county. Doctor Anklin, came to Madison county from the East, probably from Philadelphia, where. he. had, married only a. few months before, and, bought a lot at the first sale of town lots by auction in Lafayette. He had a fine professional standing, and enjoyed, to a large extent, the confidence of the, better class of people After a few years spent in Lafayette he moved to Springfield, Ohio, where he shortly after: died.   Doctor Hornbeck probably succeeded him. He married a daughter of Abraham and Elizabeth Simpson, of Lafayette.   Dr. M. Valentine, a native of Ohio and a graduate of Starling Medical, College, arrived in Lafayette about 1847 and stayed there two years. Leaving Lafayette he moved to Royalton, Fairfield county, Ohio, and subsequently to Pulaski, Licking county, Ohio, where he was engaged in practice many years. One of his sons was graduated from Starling Medical College about the year .1872.   Dr. Ransford Rodgers, a native of Vermont, sold his location at Royalton to Doctor Valentine, and was his successor at practice in Lafayette, where he located in 1840. He was a graduate of a medical school and had a good practice, but remained only a few years.   Doctor Cheney was probably the next, and he must have locatedthere as early as 1849. He was an Eclectic. He had an extensive practice, but moved to Iowa in 1855   Dr. William Morrow Beach, a native of Madison county, located at Lafayette in September, 1855, he having practiced two years previously at Unionville Center, in Union county; having been graduated from Starling Medical College in 1853. He remained at Lafayette (marrying there on the 12th of June, 1860) until April, 1862, when he went into the army as a surgeon. Returning, in July, 1865, immediately after being mustered out of the service, he located on a farm two miles west of Lafayette, on the London road, where he long Jived, practicing his profession.   Dr. John Colliver, who also was one of Lafayette's early physicians, is mentioned in connection with the period, of his more extended practice at Jefferson.   Dr. Nathaniel J. Sawyer, youngest son of Nathaniel Sawyer, an early land speculator in Madison county, was born in Kentucky. He was graduated from a Cincinnati medical college, and was on year thereafter, an interne at one of the city hospitals. He subsequently went as physician on board an ocean vessel bound for Valparaiso, South America, and remaind at Valparaiso, engaged in the practice of his profession for two or three years. Upon his return, ,to, the United States he improved his farm house on the national road, two miles east of Lafayette, brought a young bride from Kentucky there. built a ,nice office and commenced practice, .about 1861. Shortly there after he sold his farm to John Snyder and moved to another one of his farms up in the Dunn settlement. He sold out and moved, about 1870, to Kentucky.   Dr. Edward Granville Forshee born in Clark county, Ohio, studied with Dr. W. M. Beach of Lafayette, and with his brother, Thomas W. Forshee, at Amity, this county, and wis graduated from a medical School in Cincinnati, later locating in, Hilliards, Franklin county, where he remained for about three years and where he married. About 1563 he located in Lafayette, and in about 1867 moved to   Benjamin F. llicrbaugh, who was born in Lafayette, youngest son of Christopher Bierbaugh, studied medicine with Dr. A. H. Underwood, of London, the county seat,   368 - MADISON COUNTY, OHIO.   and was at Lafayette during the last two years of his student life. He attended one course of lectures at Starling Medical College, but died of pulmonary hemorrhage just before he was to have entered upon his last course of lectures previous to his graduation. He was a highly respected young man and his untimely taking off was universally lamented.   Dr. B. V. Adams, who came from Mechanicsburg, Ohio, was located at Lafayette for a few months in the summer of 1881.   Dr. W. F. Wallace, a native of New Hampshire, and formerly a peripatetic schoolmaster of this county, located at Lafayette in the spring of 1881, immediately after taking his degree at Columbus Medical College, but left for New Hampshire in the fall of the same year.   Dr. Sidney C. Teters, who was born in Wayne county, Ohio, and reared in Athens county, married, first, Margaret Gibson; of Meigs county, April 9, 1857, and, secondly, Esther M. Carpenter, of Meigs county, June 2, 1880. He was graduated from the Eclectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati in 1873 and practiced in Athens County for about fourteen years; in Vinton county, ten years, and located in Lafayette in the spring of 1882.   SUMMERFORD.   Dr. Daniel Wilson, who settled in Summerford in 1837, was a botanic physician and was one of the best known physicians who ever practiced there. He was a member of the German Baptist church (Dunkards) and a deacon among them, occasionally preaching for them and conducting the exercises on funeral occasions. He died near there on the 27th of May, 1867. He was born in Kentucky, June 5, 1801.   Dr. John Zimmerman, a quadroon Pottawatomie Indian, was the next physician to locate at Summerford, he having .previously practiced in South Solon, this county. He located in Summerford about 1848. He also was a Christian preacher and organized the first Christian church there. He afterward went to Liverpool, this state, where he practiced for awhile, from about 1852. The boys over on the Little Darby called him Doctor "Rutabaga," on account of his being a "herb doctor." He was a good practitioner and an able preacher.   Dr. William Adams, who had read medicine with Dr: Enoch Thomas, of London, the county seat, about 1844, practiced in Summerford two or three Years, at the end of which time he moved to Clinton, Illinois. He was a brother of Eli H. Adams, of Somerford township, and J. T. Colliver, of Jefferson, married one of his daughters.   Dr. Andrew Summers, who located at Summerford about 1848, did not remain long, presently moving West. Dr. Daniel Bell was also. there for a short time and also a Doctor Ecord. Dr. J. ,H. Graham settled there about 1863 and remained about one year, at the end of which time he .moved to South Charleston, Ohio.   Dr. Edwin Guy Keifer„ son of James and Deniza (Reed) Keifer, born on May 21, 1:846, in Fairfield' township, Greene county, Ohio, enlisted on August 15, 1802, in Company H, Forty-fourth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered ,out at the close of the war. He enjoyed the luxury of "sticking his legs under the mahogany" for one month at Libby. Prison, Richmond, Virginia, General Rasser having surprised the at Beverly, Virginia, by night, taking in nearly the entire command, his' regiment having been changed to a cavalry command. He commenced the study of medicine under John W. Greene, of Fairfield, Ohio, and was graduated from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery in the spring of 1871, and immediately thereafter located in Summerford. He was married on January 15, 1868, to Lou Snediker of Fairfield.   Dr. Milton C. Sprague, son of .Dr. James B. Sprague, born in Harmony township, Clark county, Ohio, October 23, 1849, was graduated from the Cincinnati Medical College in June, 1874, and practiced with his father in London, the county seat, until Jan-   MADISON COUNTY, OHIO - 369   uary, 1880, at which time he located at Summerford. He was married on August 20, 1874, to Alice C. Hurd, of Vienna, Clark county, Ohio.   LIVERPOOL.   Dr. Jeremiah Curl, son of Thomas Curl, was born near Mechanicsburg, Ohio; studied medicine with Dr. Abner Cheney, of that place, and located in Liverpool about 1840. He afterward moved to Marysville, Ohio, where he became a prominent physician.   Dr. Marshall Perry Converse located in Liverpool in 1846. In 1847 he received into partnership his cousin, Dr. Jeremiah Converse; then direct from his well earned honors as a graduate of Starling Medical College, and they were partners for two years. Dr. M. P. Converse moved West and died in Champaign county, Illinois, in 1856. He was a brother of Dr. George Converse, of Georgesville, Franklin county, who was the father of Congressman George L. Converse.   Dr: John Zimmerman, who located at Liverpool. about 1851; was probably a son of the Zimmerman mentioned in connection with reference to the physicians of South Solon and probably the same man mentioned under the several headings, California tend Summerford.   Dr. Joseph C. Kalb, who was born and reared on a farm near Canal Winchester, Ohio, was a pupil under Dr. James Boal, of that place and Amity. He was graduated from Starling Medical College in 1854 and located: at Liverpool the same year. During the Civil War he was assistant surgeon in the Fortieth Regiment, Ohio. Volunteer Infantry.   Dr. Andrew Sabin, who practiced medicine in Liverpool in about 1857-58, was a distinguished :surgeon in the army, who later moved to Marysville. Dr. F. M. Carter, a native of Virginia, located in Liverpool about 1865 and for years was a practicing physician there.   SOUTH SOLON.   Dr. John Zimmerman, said to have been a quadroon Pottawatomie, was the first resident physician at Solon. He is thought to have been the father of the Dr. John Zimmerman, who is noticed elsewhere as having been a practicing physician at Summerford, Liverpool and California. He probably died at Solon. Doctor Parker was probably the next. He moved to Tipton county, Indiana. Dr. Alfred Jones, from Charleston, was located at South Solon eight or ten years, at the end of which. time he moved to Burlington, Iowa. Doctor Winans, from Xenia, Ohio, also was an early practitioner at South Solon. Dr.. Thomas Adams was there in 1847, and was followed by Doctor Glass.   Doctor Ernest located at South Solon about 1861, and Dr. Washington Atkinson located there about 1866. The latter, who had studied with Doctor Curtis, of South Charleston, Ohio, previously had practiced at Midway. The, next to locate at South Solon was Dr. John S. Smith, of Washington county, Pennsylvania, a graduate in medicine. Dr. Thomas Wessinger and Dr. H. G. McClellan also practiced at that point.   Dr. O. G. Field, son of Dr. Abel W. Field, was reared at Amity, this county, and studied medicine, in part, with his father. He was graduated from Starling Medical College and practiced at London, California and Midway, as well as at South Solon. Dr. John Sidner, who was graduated from Columbus Medical College with the class of 1.882. located for a short time at Jefferson, and then moved to Solon.   CALIFORNIA.   Doctor Davis. probably the first resident physician of Fairfield township, lived about three miles northeast of where the village of California now stands. Doctor (24)   370 - MADISON COUNTY, OHIO:   Holmes built the first house in the village, in 1849. He began practicing there the same year, and when a postoffice was established there he was appointed the first postmaster. Doctor McComb, from South Charleston, Ohio, located there in 1851; Dr. Dennis Warner, in 1853; Dr, John Zimmerman and his son-in-law, Doctor Martin. about 1854, and Dr. B. F. Welch, in' 1855. The latter was a pupil of Dr. A. H. Baker and also of Dr. Jennet Stutson, of Jefferson.   Dr. Orestes G. Field, .who located at California about 1858, had as a partner Doctor Thomas, who had previously been a partner of Doctor Strain's at London. Doctor Field was commissioned as assistant surgeon in the Fourth Ohio Cavalry, March 19, 1864, and was promoted to surgeon of the same regiment on October 25, 1864.   Dr. Charles W. Higgins, son of Charles Higgins, was born and reared near Alton. Franklin county, Ohio, and was a soldier in the Union army during the Rebellion. He studied medicine with Dr. Richard Woodruff, of Alton, Ohio, and was graduated from Starling Medical College, after which he located at California, about 1865. He combined merchandising with his profession and prospered. Doctor Smeltzer, a graduate of Miami Medical College, located there in 1882.   TRADERSVILLE.   Dr. Thomas P. Bond; who was born in Harrison, county, West Virginia, June 13, 1825, studied medicine in Whitewater, Wisconsin, and was graduated at Laporte, Indiana, in 1847. He located at Tradersville about 1847, and boarded first with Isaac Pox, and afterward with Abram Lewis. He moved to Mechanicsburg about 1850, and was elected treasurer of Champaign county in 1861. He was commissioned assistant surgeon of the Sixty-sixth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, but had to resign on account of ill health. Recovering his health after his return home, he was again tempted to accept a .commission in the Thirty-second Regiment, Ohio Voluntary Infantry, of which he became the surgeon. Again breaking down in health, he again had to resign his commission. Doctor Bond was a good physician and an educated and accomplished gentleman. He died at his home in Mechanicsburg of disease contracted in the army, March 28, 1866. He was married on September 9, 1851, to Mary J. Blew, who survived him.   NEWPORT.   Doctor Thornburg was the first resident physician at Newport. Dr. Anderson Neibarger, who was born in Pleasant township, Clark county, studied medicine with Doctor Thornburg, and practiced first at London, from about 1865, for about one year, and then at Newport: for four or five years, and moved to Jamestown, Greene county, near which place he died, about 1875. He married a Miss Morse, of near Catawba, Clark county, a sister of Mrs. David Woosley.   Dr. Benjamin Franklin Riggin, who was born on May 1, 1844, in Pickaway county, near Mt. Sterling, son of Isaac C. and Lucinda (Baker) Riggin, spent five years at Ohio Wesleyan University and left at the end of his junior year, in 1862. He then became a pupil under Dr. John Holton, of Mt. Sterling, and was graduated from Starling Medical College with the class of 1.865. During the previous year he had been a partner in practice with Dr. John Holton, at Mt. Sterling, and upon receiving his diploma, returned to Mt. Sterling, and practiced there until 1875, in which year he went to Columbus, where he remained one year, at the end of which time he located at Newport, where he remained until September, 1882, in which month he moved to London, the county seat. He was married on May 17, 1865, to Isabella Leach, daughter of Benjamin and Sarah (Bostwick) Leach   MADISON COUNTY, OHIO - 371   DANVILLE.   Dr. William McClintick, .a brother of the Dr. Samuel McClintick who has been referred to as a pioneer physician of Mt. Sterling, was born in Muskingum county, Ohio, near Zanesville, in 1817. He medicine with Dr. James F. Wilson, of New Holland, Ohio, and located in Mt. Sterling in 1840, where he practiced for about twenty years. He was graduated from Starling Medical College in 1848. He bought a farm two miles east of Danville, and moved to it in 1860, where he died on November 21, 1.871, of cancer. He was a good physician ; Danville was a good point, and his excessive labor in his profession probably brought an untimely death. In 1842 he married Hannah Reeves, who died in 1845, without issue. In 1847 he married Fannie Reeves, sister of his first wife, who, with two daughters and one son, survived him.   Dr. Thomas Reeves McClintick,' who was born in Mt. Sterling, this county, in 1848, read medicine with his father, Dr. William MeClintick, and was graduated from the Medical College of Ohio at Cincinnati in 1870. He lived on his father's farm until 1877, in which year he married Sarah Howsman, and then moved into the village of Danville. In 1880 he moved to Kansas City, Missouri.   Dr. James Bradley Morgan was born in Ross county, Ohio; read medicine with Dr. William Latta, of Frankfort, that county, and was graduated from the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati in 1869, locating at Danville the same year. He stayed about one year and then moved to Clarksburg, Ross county. Dr. C. M. Deem, who located at Danville on the 11th of August, 1881, had practiced at Plain City and at Lilly Chapel, Ohio, before going to Danville.   LILLY CHAPEL.   Dr. L. F. Scofield, the first physician to locate at Lilly Chapel, was born at Hilliards Station, Norwich township. Franklin county, Ohio. September 12. 1853, studied with Dr. J. M. Merryman, of Hilliards, and was graduated from Columbus Medical College in February. 1881. He located at Lilly Chapel on the 23rd of March, 1881.   THE SICKLY SEASONS OF 1822-23.   In 1873-74 a series of articles were contributed to the Plain City Press by Dr. Jeremiah Converse, of Darby township, in one of which he gives the following graphic description of the malarial epidemic that spread desolation over the eastern part of Madison county sixty years ago. He says: "In 1822-23 this country was visited with a terrible epidemic, which struck down many of the hardy pioneers and laid them low in the dust. There are those yet in our midst whose minds will instinctively go back, upon the mention of these years, to the sorrows and sufferings experienced by themselves, and the inroads and devastating raids of death over a large scope of territory, upon neighborhoods and families. There Was scarcely a family in all this great scope of country (Darby Plains) in which death had 'not marked one or more of its members as its victim. Children were made orphans. the wife a widow, the husband deprived of his companion, parents rendered childless, and in some instances every member of the family was stricken down by the fell monster.   "No tongue can describe, no pen portray, to the mind or imagination of the reader, the scenes of suffering witnessed and experienced by these early settlers. All business transactions ceased, gloom brooded over the minds of the people, and many stout hearts were made to tremble in awe of the impending doom that seemed to await them. Death reigned supreme. Men and women who were not prostrated with disease were busy day and night ministering to the wants of the needy, mitigating the suffering of the sick and consoling the grief-stricken widow and orphan children, whose dependence had been ruthlessly torn from their embrace. The condition of many of these sufferers was heartrending. Away from' the homes of their childhood, separated from kindred and   372 - MADISON COUNTY, OHIO.   friends by a vast intervening distance . of forest, mountain and river, with no kind parental voice whispering .consolation to the broken-hearted, no loving mother to imprint the kiss of .affection or check the fast-fiowing teardrops on the fevered cheek ; wipe the cold perspiration from the brow of her dying child, or bid a last farewell to the remains of her loved one. Truly here was pestilence that walketh in darkness' and a destruction that wasteth at noonday. Many were the bitter tears of anguish wrung in these two years many a household was hushed in the stillness of death; and still many .were the families where one or more of the little group were laid low by the king, of terrors.   “Some of may readers, perhaps, may think that I have overdrawn the picture, but this description is but an imperfect outline of the realities that were experienced. in those days. Many, no doubt, would have been saved could they have .had proper care and attention ; but where should they look for help? Scarcely a family but what had their sick or dying ; the few that were, not prostrated with disease were worked down with constant watching ; yet these messengers of mercy visited each day all the sick that were assigned them in their division, to administer to the wants of the living and prepare the dead for burial.   ONE DISTRESSING INCIDENT   "One instance among the many might be given of loneliness, mental and physical suffering ; where the wife, prostrated on a bed of sickness,. unable even to help herself to a cup of water, had three small children crying to their mother to attend to their wants for food and drink. In another part of the room the husband and father lay in the cold embrace of death. For twenty-four, hours this helpless group of sufferers was shut. out, as it were, from the world, with no visible hand to minister to their wants or whisper consolation . to their bleeding hearts, surrounded by the stillness of... death, occasionally broken by the children's cries of 'Mother, mother,' and the deep, heavy sighs of that mother as. she looked upon the helpless forms of her babes. This is„. but one among the ninny causes of privation and 'suffering that was experienced by the early settlers of this county. So threatening were the consequences from this terrible; malady that many of those who had the means at their command left this part of the Ake.. to escape the desolation that seemed as if it would spare none; but a large majority off the inhabitants were compelled to remain. Some were so poor that to procure means would be impossible, while, others, again, had invested all their money in land, which, that time, under the threatened depopulation, could not be sold at any price. Thus they were Compelled' to stay and undergo whatever might await them. Sickness reigned so universal that but few were in attendance to pay the last tribute of respect to the dead, or follow them to their last resting-places. There were a few instances where the father was compelled to make the rude coffin, dig the grave and deposit beneath the clods of the,. valley the loved form of his child.   "We talk about suffering, hard times, privations! Just let the reader take a stroll, to the cemetery south of Plain City, and with pencil in hand, mark the number whose tombstones make these years the eventful period in its history and in addition to this, the scores where no slab marks the resting-place of the silent sleeper beneath. Again there were other cemeteries and cities of the dead' that were largely peopled during these sickly years. besides the many that were buried on the farms, which could not be removed to far-off burial grounds. Then, again; the abandoned cemeteries, one of which is; barely discernible, on the farm now owned by Joseph Atkinson. The most of the sleepers there fell in 1822-23. Sum this all up, and you have a faint conception of the reign of terror and death. It has been carefully computed that, in what was then called the 'South settlement,' one-half of the inhabitants died during these two years.   "Between Chuckery and Homer; on a farm subsequently owned by John Smith; but.   MADISON COUNTY, OHIO - 373   then held in smaller farms, there were seventeen deaths. In what was known as the Converse settlement, not more than one-fourth of the people died. The territory invaded by this epidemic extended for a short distance :east. of Big Darby, and perhaps. about the same distance, west of Little Darby. All of the territory lying between these points seemed, to generate the poison that produced the disease, whatever that may have been. There was an unusual amount of sickness. all over Madison county, as. well as in. a large portion of Clark, but the deaths were comparatively few except in the, district mentioned.   CAUSES   "The exciting causes which led to the development. and breaking. out of the disease in question may be, and perhaps are, shrouded in mystery. The condition of this county previous to and at the breaking-out of the epidemic, to a careless observer, would present no material changes to that of former years. In many portions of the prairie country it was no unusual thing for large bodies of stagnant water to remain upon the surface until late in autumn, exposed to the scorching rays of a summer, sun. Up to this time, but little attention had been paid to the drainage of the country. The rich soil produced annually enormous coats of vegetation, which, prior to the settlement of this county, and for many years afterward, were destroyed by the fires that . swept over the prairies every autumn. Neither of the years above mentioned were unusually' rainy or wet seasons, 'but they were characterized by dense fogs, extending all over this:- country, commencing very early in the season and continuing until the beginning of winter. There can be no question in the minds of scientific men that the primary or exciting cause of the disease was the result. of malarious influences; but why it should be generated so copiously, and attended with such poisonous effects that scarcely a human being was proof against its powers, is a difficult question to settle satisfactorily. Scientific researches and experiments have established the fact that, when our large cities have been visited by malarial epidemics, the free use of lime or alkaloids in the filthy alleys and gutters acted as an antidote toward the freeing of these places from malaria. Taking this view of the subject, we may be able to approximate to a certainty the exciting causes which led to the development of the disease in question.   "If we were to call to our aid the fact that, prior to and during the early settlement of this part of Ohio, the prairie fires annually destroyed the. greater part of the luxurious growth of vegetation that grew on the prairies, leaving the residue of 'ashes strongly alkaline in principle, which, according to more recent researches, would act as an antidote to malarious development, we shall understand one of the exciting causes of the epidemic of 1822-23. The great amount of sickness during these years was not alone confined to the Darby country, but other :portions of Madison, Franklin and' Clark. counties were visited by this disease in a milder form.' In a recent conversation with an aged gentleman, who, at that time, lived in Clark county, information was elicited that even there an unusual amount of sickness pervaded a large portion of the county.   "For a few years prior to the years in question, this part of Ohio was rapidly settled by emigrants from Eastern states. As a consequence, houses and barns were built, fields were fenced, orchards were planted, and all the necessary means made use of to make home comfortable. By reason of these improvements, it became necessary to arrest the prairie fires, Which, prior to this period, annually swept over the country. The consequences resulting from arresting these fires were that a large portion of the luxuriant growth of vegetation was subject to decomposition. which, in connection with the heat of the sun, increased the development and poison pf malaria. The arrest of those annual fires took any the purifying agent, or alkaloid; which; hitherto, had rendered malaria comparatively inert. This course of reasoning would lead to the detection of the causes which produced the sickly seasons of 1822-23.   374 - MADISON COUNTY, OHIO.   SYMPTOMS.   "The precursory or incipient stage of the disease was announced by a feeling of lassitude, indisposition to exercise, loss of appetite, nausea, thirst, a dry skin, constipated bowels and chilly sensations experienced by the patient. Sometimes these symptoms would continue for several days; in others there were no precursory indications; but eventually the disease was announced by a severe rigor or chill, the patient suffering from the intense sensation of cold. The whole body was brought under its influence, in which the muscular and nervous systems participated. There was a marked livid and purple appearance of the skin, with accelerated respiration, and a quick, feeble Pulse, evidently indicating severe congestion of the internal organs. This condition of the patient would frequently continue for several hours; but these symptoms subsequently gave way by the ushering in of a sensation of severe heat, a frequent and .full pulse, great thirst, severe headache, nausea and vomiting, while sometimes delirium would supervene. In children, during this state of the disease, it was no unfrequent 'occurrence for the patient to be attacked with convulsions. This latter condition would continue for several hours, when they would gradually subside, and the patient experience a degree of comfort and freeness from suffering that would induce him to a delusive opinion that the disease had given. way and convalescence begun; but his hopes would be sadly disappointed in finding the succeeding day ushering upon him all the symptoms, in an aggravated form, that were experienced on the preceding one. In the second attack there were unmistakable evidences of the existence of severe internal congestion. There seemed to be less power in the system to bring about reaction, and again the equilibrium in the action of the heart and arteries. Many instances occurred where the patient sank into an inflammatory type of fever, which ran its course front seven to fifteen days but more frequently ended in death on the eighth or ninth day of the inflammatory state. Taking all the symptoms of this disease into consideration. and the great amount of Malarial poison existing in the system, may we not safely conclude this to have been a pernicious fever or sinking chill epidemic?   TREATMENT.   "The attending physicians during the epidemic in the region of the Darby country. were Dr.. Lorenzo Beach and Dr. James Comstock. So numerous were the patients, and protracted the epidemic, that these men, became worn down from labor, exposure and anxiety; but the great responsibility resting upon them, and the urgent appeals from suffering humanity, so stimulated their nerve power as to render them impervious to the malarious poison that was prostrating those around them. At least, they were preserved by an overruling providence from the ravages of the disease:   "The general outline of treatment made use of by the profession to arrest the disease and produce convalescence was that recommended by Eberly and other writers of his day. If the patient was seen in the first stages of the disease an emetic was administered, and perhaps bleeding was resorted to. After the patient had recovered from the effects of the emetic, an active cathartic was given, composed of calomel and jalap. This active process so reduced the patient that he became an easy prey to the next paroxysm. These cathartics were administered almost daily, with the view of freeing the system from pent-up bilious matter. The anti-periodics made use of by the profession were, then in a crude state. Quinine or any of the extracts were unknown; consequently the only available anti-periodic medicine to be relied upon was the Peruvian or 'Jesuit's' bark. In consequence of the enormous doses required to check the paroxysm and its nauseous taste, but few stomachs could retain the- medicines in sufficient quantities to arrest the progress of the disease. But, then, what could be done? The physicians evidently saw that their medicines were powerless, and that death was not stayed by their efforts.