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512 - TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTY, OHIO CHAPTER XX. MECCA. GENERAL FEATURES. Mecca township is among the later settlements of this county, consequently its history is not as interesting in respect to pioneer life, adventures, and hardships as that of some of the older communities. A considerable portion of the township is well improved, and contains some excellent farming land. Mecca has no important manufacturing interests, no railroads, and no villages of importance, consequently it supports but a small population, which is chiefly engaged in agriculture. The township is divided by Mosquito creek into two unequal portions. This stream enters the township from the north and pursues a course almost directly southward, entering Bazetta only a few rods east of the north and south center line of that township. About five-eighths of the land of Mecca lies west of the creek. Several small brooks from the east and one from the west join the Mosquito in this township. The bottom land of the creek is quite extensive. As it is low it is frequently overflowed. The TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO - 513 surface is somewhat variable. A ridge extends through the township, north and south, on the east side of the creek; then come the bottom lands, and in the northwestern quarter of the township highlands more elevated than those east of the creek. The southwest of the township is like a level plain. It contains much swampy ground, which has never yet been improved for farming purposes. The surface is but little broken, the valleys of the smaller streams being shallow. The soil is good. In it clayey loam predominates, though a mixture of sand is usually found in all the uplands. Grass and almost all other staple farm crops flourish. The geological features of this township are of considerable interest. Underlying the surface of the land west of the creek are found the Mecca oils, to which further allusion will be made in this chapter. A few discoveries of oil east of the creek have been made in the northern part of the township, but these deposits are mostly confined to West Mecca. A natural carbon gas escapes from the ground in some places. In one or two instances this gas has been utilized for heating purposes. The well from which the chief supply is obtained is east of the creek, and appears to be inexhaustible. Mr. L. Pierson has been burning gas in his stove for some time. At East Mecca corners is a village of ten or twelve houses, one store, three churches, etc. This was the business place of the township for many years, as settlements were not made west of the creek until quite extended improvements had taken place in East Mecca, West Mecca has a few more houses than East Mecca, but as it has but one church and one store, the rival villages are of almost equal unimportance. Mecca is the sixth township in the third range, and lies between Bristol on the west and Johnston on the east. Greene is north and Bazetta south of it. OWNERSHIP. The land in this township was purchased from the Connecticut Land company by Turhand Kirtland, William Ely, Kingsbury, and Cowles. The Kirtland tract was the most extensive, including nearly all of lhe northern half of the township. The other tracts, like this, extended across the township from east to west, and were thus located, beginning at the north: Kirtland tract, Cowles tract, Kingsbury tract, Ely tract. Judge Kirtland lived in Poland, and being anxious to have his tract settled, made very easy terms with the purchasers, leaving the payment of the principal optional with the contractor so long as the interest was kept up. Such easy terms no doubt induced many pioneers to come to this township while it was yet a most uninviting region, remote from the rest of the world, and only reached by difficult journeys through extensive swamps. SETTLEMENT. The history of the settlement of Mecca is less interesting than that of many townships for two reasons : first, it was made quite late ; and second, but few families descended from the first pioneers are now represented here. From the best sources of information now available we have succeeded in gathering the following statements: The first settler was Joseph Dawson, who came from Poland township, the southeast corner of the Reserve, about the year 1811. He located about one and three-fourths miles north of East Mecca, on what is known as the Read farm. Here Dawson built the first cabin in the township, and his family continued to be the only one in the township for nearly two years, Later he moved away. John Rose, Dawson's father-in-law, came about 1813, and settled north of Dawson, on the Thompson farm. This family was also from Poland, and and continued permanent residents of Mecca, making worthy, straightforward citizens. Some representatives of the family—the third generation—still remain. At just what date other early settlers arrived nothing can now be definitely learned. From the recollection of one of the old residents it has been ascertained that in 1819 the following were inhabitants of this township, all living on the east side of the creek : Lemuel Hickock, Peter Row, Samuel Phillips, Sylvester Taylor, Martin Daniels, Daniel Tucker, Joseph Phillips, a Mr. Ballard, Joseph Headly, Joseph Barstow, a Mr. Sturgis, and Seymour Hunt. With the two families previously menlroned, these made a total of fourteen families in the township at the date given. Joseph Phillips was the first blacksmith in the 514 - TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO township. He resided on the farm where his grandson Christopher now lives. Lemuel Hickock lived at the corners. Of his family, Oscar spent his days in Mecca, John settled in Greene, and his daughter died quite young. Peter Row first settled one mile south of East Mecca, where Herman Lake now lives. Joy Sperry, previous to 1824, settled on a farm one mile and a half south of the corners. He sold to a man named Craft and moved to the Herman Lake farm. In 1820 the first settlement in that part of the township lying west of the creek was made by Joseph Buttles, who remained the only resident of West Mecca for about eight years. His farm was about a mile north of West Mecca, on Powers' corners, and is now owned by O. M. Benton. Two of his sons, Edmond and Justin, were married and had families, Another son lived here unmarried. All moved away quite early. In December, 1824, Joseph Chaffee settled one-fourth of a mile north of East Mecca. He came hither from Bristol township, to which he had moved from Massachusetts in 1813. Mr. Chaffee died in Bristol in 1869, having removed there about two years before. He brought up five daughters and one son. Two of the daughters are now living. The son, J, G. Chaffee, resides in Mecca. Ira Knapp was born in Vermont in 1800. He married in New York State, and in 1825 came to Mecca and settled in the eastern part of the township. He reared a family of nine children, all of whom were born in this towship. Five are still living. Mr. Knapp is now the only living pioneer who was the head of a family at the time of coming here, with perhaps one or two exceptions. Of the township at the time of his coming Mr. Knapp says: The Buttles family were the only inhabitants of the west side of the creek. The only roads were paths marked by blazed trees. The road to the Johnston line had not even been bushed out. Some of the brooks had pole bridges across them. There were no frame buildings in the township except a few small shanties. A log school-house was partly built at East Mecca when I came, and I helped to finish it. Mr. Bartlett, of Greene, was among the first teachers there. He received about $10 per month, but not in money. The settlers paid him for teaching by helping him clear his farm in Greene. A few years after settling here Mr. Knapp bought ten sheep of Judge Kirtland, of Poland. The wolves caught all of them except two, in several instances coming into the yard near the cabin to seize their prey. Martin Daniels lived where William Love now resides. His son Stephen married a daughler of Steven Pettis and moved to the northeast of the township. Pettis was an early settler east of the creek. John Cook, from Cayuga county, New York, settled south of the east corners in 1831. His family consisted of nine children; five are still living: James, Zachariah, Aaron, Polly, and Wealthy. Nathan Cook, brother of John, came to the township the next year. He is still living on the farm where he first settled, at the center of Mecca. He reared three sons and four daughters. Abner Mason, born in Cheshire, Massachusetts, in 1766, died in Mecca in 1841. Priscilla, his wife, born in Dalton, Massachusetts, in 1771, died here in 1847. Noble Mason, their son, long known as 'Squire Mason, died in 1880. He was born in Cazenovia, New York, in 1810. In 1817 the family moved to Boardman township, and in 1828 to Mecca. They settled west of the creek and were the second family in West Mecca. Noble Mason taught the first school west of the creek, when he was eighteen years old. He married Lora P. Brown, who was born in Connecticut in 1813 and still survives. To them were born two sons and two daughters. The sons and one daughter are still living. 'Squire Mason was an elder and a prominent member of his church. Besides being justice of the peace several years he held about every township office. N. W. Palmer, Esq., an old resident and respected citizen of Mecca, was born in Stoning- ton, New London county, Connecticut, March 13, 1811. After a few years' residence in New York State, he settled in Mecca in 1833, where he has since resided. September 22, 1837, he married Lucretia M, Abell. The result of this union has been two sons and two daughters. Mr. Palmer has been justice of the peace many years. He is one of our most substantial farmers. Herman Benton, who bought out the Buttles farm, lived and died in this township. His son, Orris M., now lives on a part of the old place, and William S. Benton, Esq., near East Mecca. Joseph Wing was an early settler at West Mec- TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO - 515 ca corners. He sold out to Jacob Powers, of Youngstown, who resided here several years. The place is still called Powers' corners. Joseph W. Smith and his father, William Smith, were early settlers in the northwest of the township. S. F. Smith, only son of Joseph, is one of the worthy farmers and esteemed citizens of this township. ORGANIZATION. The township of Greene as organized in 1806 embraced the territory of the present townships of Greene and Mecca, with other adjoining townships. By 1821 number six of the third range had sufficient population to form a distinct township, and was therefore organized under the name of Mecca. All the early records have been lost, therefore no list of early township officers can be given. A DENSE WILDERNESS. A heavy growth of the usual varieties of forest timber originally covered the surface of this township. This growth was thickly interspersed with underbrush, frequently forming almost impenetrable thickets. Beech, maple, oak, hickory, poplar, white-ash, black walnut, basswood, etc., covered the driest portion of the highlands, while in the creek bottom and swales grew swamp oak, black-ash, soft maple, etc., in abundance. Game abounded deer and wild turkeys were especially numerous, Said a pioneer to the writer : " I have stood in the door of my log cabin when a dozen deer were in sight." The howling of wolves at night, a dismally frightful sound, often resounded near the settler's dwelling. Bears also lurked about, but it does not appear that lhey caused the trouble here which molested the earlier settlements. For several years the only routes of travel were roads bushed out sufficiently to allow the passing of a horse or a yoke of oxen, and paths marked by blazed trees. In wet seasons travel was impossible through some parts of the township. As all the settlers usually went to Bristol to do their milling, the wet land about the creek and the swamps beyond had to be traversed frequently, but it was long before any roads were established. PRIMITIVE AGRICULTURE. As the roots of the trees here grew quite near to the top of the ground, it was usual for the settler, having selected his driest ground, to fell the timber and then burn over the ground as thoroughly as possible. Then good crops of oats and wheat could be raised by harrowing in the seed, where the roots could be cleared away sufficiently to admit of harrowing. Very good crops of corn were often raised by planting the seed in a hole made in the earth by a hoe or an axe. No hoeing or cultivating ensued, excepting to cut up the " fire weeds " when they appeared. One crop of grain was usually harvested, then the land was allowed to run to grass until the roots and stumps had rotted so that a plow could be used. Many of the settlers while burning off the timber carefully saved the ashes and from them made potash—an article which usually had a ready sale and brought cash. THE FIRST HOUSES in this township were not built by the early white settlers, nor were the first trees cut by them. On the contrary, much work had been accomplished before any settler came into the township. Trees had been cut, streams dammed, houses and even villages had been built in this township, perhaps centuries before the foot of man ever trod its soil. These works were the result of the labor of a race which is now nearly extinct, namely, the beavers. On the stream which enters Mosquito creek from the west were several beaver dams of sufficient height to flood several acres of land in each pond. The most eastern of these dams was about a mile north of the center of the township, and it was converted into a mill-dam by 'Squire Mason, who put up a saw-mill there about the year 1834. ELECTIONS of this township are held alternately at East and West Mecca. This arrangement was made in very early times, and has always been observed. The offices are equitably divided between the representatives of the two communities, and thus a harmonious relation is perpetuated. THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, This is the oldest religious organization in the township. It was formed December 6, 1822, by Rev. Ephraim T. Woodruff, of the Connecticut 516 - TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO. Missionary society, and Rev. Harvey Coe, al the Domestic Missionary society of Grand River. The following were members of the church at the time of its organization: John Rose, Sr., Friend Buttles, Susannah Buttles, Sterling Adkins, Mary Adkins, Ruhamah Tucker, Orilla Hickok, Almira Buttles, Eunice Rose. The following joined at the dates given : September 15, 1827. Joseph Buttrick, Elizabeth M. Buttrick, Almon Cowdery, Mary Cowdery, Deney Cowdery. July 2, 1829. Electa Buttles, Catharine Mead, Betsey Knapp. July 3, 1831. Justus St. John, Sally St. John, Polly Hickok, Delia Hickok. The church was received by the presbytery February 4, 1824. The first officers were John Rose, Sr., moderator ; Friend Buttles, clerk ; John Rose, Sterling Adkins, and Friend Buttles, standing committee, In 1842 a plan of union and articles of agreement were entered into by both Congregationalists and Presbyterians. The church has now been purely Congregational for some years. Among the clergymen who have preached here were Revs. Woodruff, Darrow, Miller, Eels, Pepoon, Winans, and others. The latter was first a Methodist, but changed to a Congregationalist, and supplied this pulpit many years. The church numbered a total of fifty-one members in 1881. They met in East Mecca at the house owned by the Congregationalists and Free-will Baptists. The first house which they occupied was a small frame building bought by them and fitted up as a church. It stood near the present site of John Chaffee's house near the Public square. THE FREE-WILL BAPTIST CHURCH was organized June 4, 1832, by Elders D. M. L. Rollin and George Collins. The meeting was held at the house of Alanson Smith. The church consisted of seven members, but who they were is not stated in the record. Levi Rice was chosen clerk. Among the earliest members were Herman Johnston, Lyman Pierson, Almira Smith, Mrs. Chaffee, Ezra Dickinson, Cynthia Coats, N. Coats, Huldah Smith, Chloe Headley, Rebecca Hadsell, Sally Ann Root, Electa Abell, and Edward Root. Rev. D. M. L. Rollin was the first preacher. Associated with him in his work was Elder Samuel Weir. Freeman Straight held meetings in 1840. In 1847 Rev. S. A. Aldritch was pastor; in 1854 Rev. S. T. Bates. Sixteen additions to the church were made through the preaching of the pastor and Evangelist McConnough. Rev. E. H. Higbee, for ten years the pastor, entered upon his labors in 1858. In 1858-59 occurred a revival which added fifteen members to the church. In 1863 Rev. E. B. Baker assisted in holding revival meetings, and fourteen members were added. Since 1863 the pastors have been Revs. John Rogers, N. M. Farr, and E. H. Higbee. Rev. Rufus Clark held meetings in 1876. There has been no preaching since. In 1870 the church had thirty-seven resident members and seventeen non-resident. The church edifice of this denomination is a union house, built by the Congregationalists and the Free-will Baptists, each owning one-half of the church property. The house was finished in 1839. It was erected some years previously, and used for some time while in an unfinished condition. THE BAPTIST CHURCH. The first regular Baptist society of Mecca was organized February 13, 1833. Henry K. Hultz was chosen moderator and Noble Mason clerk. The officers then elected were 'Squire Mason, John Cook, Virgilius E. Remington, trustees, and David Campbell, clerk of the society. The members were : John Cook, Henry K. Hultz, Uzal W. Bowen, 'Squire Mason, David Campbell, Alanson McCollour, Daniel Ferguson, Virgilius E. Remington, Martin Daniels, Philander S. Crittenden, Asahel Chapman, George Sperry, James Cook, Noah Bowen, and William Hull. The first church was a hewed log house on the site of the present edifice. It would appear from the church record that the first organization did not long survive, as we find one page of the record headed "Constitution of the regular Baptist society, formed April 4, 1841," with names appended as follows: Henry K. Hultz, John Cook, Abner Mason, James Cook, Noah Bowen, Abisha S. Underwood, Lyman Pierson, Samuel Buck, Amos Cook, Bela Phelps, Jr., Josiah Gal- pin, William Liddle, Zachariah Cook, Samuel Jerrold, Jesse Griswold, Lucius S. Brown, Daniel Rigby. In 1841 the present beautiful church edrfice TRUMBULL AN]) MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO - 517 at East Mecca was built, Elder Joshua Woodworlh was the first regular preacher, and served as pastor a long term of years. Mr. Dodge was anolher early preacher. Rev. Bela Phelps was pastor a long time. At one time the church had eighty members, but its numbers gradually diminished, and the society has maintained no preaching for several years. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, Of this church Mr. William Irwin, its oldest member, says : In 1837 a Methodist society, which met at East Mecca, was in existence. How long it had been organized I cannot say. The class was moved to West Mecca about 1839. Among the members at that time were Joseph Duncan, John Dean, Ambrose Irwin, William Irwin, and others, with their wives. Harrison Richards and wife joined soon after. Other members I do not recollect. The house at West Mecca was built in 1845, at a cost of about $1,800. It is a good building, and in good repair. The church has a strong membership of fifty or more. The first preachers I remember were Stephen Hubbard, J. L. Baker, Henry Winans, John Crum, and Elliott. A revival conducted by Elders Holmes and Joseph Leslie, about thirty years ago, added quite a number of members. Thirteen years ago there was a great revival under Rev. J. F. Inn's preaching. As no early records of this church can be found the above is all that the writer can learn concerning the organization. THE DISCIPLES' CHURCH. 'This church was organized March 22, 1851. The following officers were then elected : Daniel Hosford and Silas N. Jones, overseers; George W. Dean and Thomas Stanley, deacons. Its members were: Robert Wilson, Hanford Terry, George W. Dean, S. N. Jones, Calvin Wannemaker, Daniel Hosford, Coresta Knapp, Lovina Jones, Jane Wannemaker, Lucinda Walden, Hannah Knox (Rice), Eunice McCollour, Maria H. Dean, Laura Terry, Eliza Wilson, Mary A. Milliken, Lewis Day, Thomas Stanley, Edward Abell, Eliza Abell, Paulina Hosford, John Root, Olive Root, Mary Ann Stanley, and Mary Bennett. The church edifice is at East Mecca. It was dedicated March 6, 1868. The church has a fair member ship of zealous workers. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. The first store was kept at East Mecca by Babcock & Bradley. It was not a successful enterprise, and continued but a short time. Wing, Dodd, and Roberts were the names of other early merchants. James Hezlep had a store here for a time ; he sold to Daniel Shehy, who continued in business about fifteen years, and gained considerable money. He sold and removed to Youngstown. Jonathan Fowler built the first frame store in the township, on the west side of the public square, at East Mecca. It is still standing. The first postmaster was Lemuel Hickok. Until an office was established, Warren and Bristol were the nearest post-offices. The first mail route through this township was from Warren to Ashtabula. Afterwards an east and west route was established, from Mercer, Pennsylvania, to Parkman. Ira Knapp was the contractor. This route was soon drscontinued. During its existence mail-bags often went through with nothing in them. On the Warren and Ashtabula route a stage was run for a time. The two post offices of this township now get a daily mail from Cortland station. The first tavern was probably kept by Powers. Coats and St. John were early hotel-keepers. Thomas Abell built and kept a public house south of the public square. There was no great amount of travel through Mecca in early times. Joy Sperry, Samuel Jackson, Williams, Case, Benton, and others built saw-mills quite early ; only a small amount of work was done by any of them. There were no early grist-mills in the township. The oldest graveyard in the township is situated south of East Mecca. It bears the marks of neglect and dilapidation. The earliest deaths recorded on the gravestones in it are the following : Enos Clark Pettis, died in 1828, aged twenty-one years; Olive, wife of Stephen Pettis, died in 1829, aged thirty. The first school-house was built of logs, and stood near lhe corners at East Mecca. Salome Fuller was the first teacher, The house was also used for religious meetings. The first white child born was Nancy Dawson. Martin Row is said to have been the first male child. The first death is supposed to have been that of the great grandfather of C, J. Hickok, Esq. The first practicing physician was Ariel Bradley. The first permanent resident physician was Dr. Isaac D. Powers. WEST MECCA. The first store at this place was started by T. 518 - TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO, M. Abell about 1860. A number of stores, groceries, hotels, etc., sprang up almost simultaneously, as the oil excitement was then at its height. Numerous houses and shanties were put up, and " Powers' corners " became for a time a very lively place. The less said of its morals and behavior during those days the better. When oil stock went down, the village relapsed into quiet somnolence, many of the mushroom structures were removed, and West Mecca was freed of its had habits and bad characters. MECCA OIL. It was known to the early settlers that there was oil in the township of Mecca. Evidences of it were frequently found in springs and wells, and often a thin scum of it would collect on standing water. A spring on the farm of Mr. Phillips, south of West Mecca, was one of lhe first places where oil was discovered. Phillips found that it was a valuable oil for lubricatmg purposes, and collected and sold small quantities of it, nearly fifty years ago. It was considered an unfortunate thing for a man to have oil upon his farm, as it spoiled the water, and consequently rendered the land unsalable to settlers, therefore those who found oil seldom said anything about it, thinking they might wish to sell out some time. But in the years 1859-60-61 the oil regions of Mecca became known to speculators and the supposed discovery that there were " millions in it " gradually dawned upon the land owners of this township. A well was dug, and pumping of oil first commenced on the lot of William H. Jeffries, at West Mecca. The company who operated it were Bonnet', Woods & Jordan. It was thought that a vast deposit had been reached and consequently excitement soon ran up to fever heat. Speculators came from all parts of the country for the purpose of leasing lands. Hundreds of wells were sunk—and likewise thousands of dollars. Land doubled, trebled, and quadrupled in value, and building lots in Mecca ran up to city prices. West Mecca seemed likely to become a great place. A town was laid out in the southern part of the township, and named " Dixie," afterwards " Oil Diggings." Hotels, groceries, shanties, fights, drunkenness, gambling, and other metropolitan vices, in short all the usual accompaniments of great speculative excitement, flourished in Dixie. Now the place is " gone from off the earth." The expected wealth did not flow into the pockets of the capitalists as fast as they had anticipated. It was soon learned that every well was exhausted after pumping had been carried on for a time. The bubble burst, and pocketbooks suffered. The war came on, and many of the adventurers left to find excitement on lhe field of battle instead of the oil regions. The oil business is still carried on, however, and with some profit. Rational methods have superseded the wild schemes of speculation, and considerable quantities of Mecca oil are slill being taken from the earth. Portable machinery is now used, and when one well has been exhausted another is sunk. The oil is found at a depth of from thirty to sixty feet. It is thick and quite heavy, and when relieved of its impurities forms one of the best lubricants known. LUMBERING. One of the important industries of this lownship is represented by the firm of J. F. Klumpp & Co., manufacturers and dealers in sawed lumber of all kinds. This business was started in 1867, and has since been under the superintendence of Mr. J. William Klumpp, who has also been a partner in the firm since 1869. Mr. Klumpp was born in Philadelphia in 1835, and has resided in Mecca since 1867. He married Miss Hattie M. Johnson, of Hartford, this county. They have one child, Nellie. He is an active business man, whose integrity and reputation are unimpeachable. The firm of John F. Klumpp & Co. own about one thousand six hundred acres of timber land, from which supplies for their sawing- and planing-mill are obtained. The manufacture of plow-beams is a special department of their work. One hundred thousand plow-beams and two million feet of sawed lumber have been manufactured by them in one year. The firm have just erected a new mill in the southwest of Mecca and are doing a large amount of business. J. F. Klumpp, the senror partner, resides in New York city. Thomas H. Rose was horn in Mecca township, Trumbull county, Ohio, in 1841. His falher, Jonathan Rose, was a native of Maryland, born in 1797, but came to the Western Reserve of Ohio with his parents in 1803. The family first settled m Poland township, now Mahoning TRUMBULL AND MA HONING COUNTIES, OHIO - 519 county, but about 1813 removed to Mecca township, Trumbull county, locating on the farm now owned by James Frazier. John Rose, the father of Jonathan, died in 1832, his wife surviving him some eight years. Jonathan Rose was married in 1834 to Miss Anna Craft, by whom he had six children—Emily, John, Thomas, Albert, Emily, and Mary. Three are now living. Mr. Rose settled where his son Thomas now lives. He died in 1858. His wife survived him some fourleen years. Thomas H. Rose was born on the place where he now lives. At the age of twenty-six he married Miss Josephine Gridley, and has a family of four children— Frank, Jennie, Mary, and Lucy, He has always followed farming, but for the last few years has been interested in the cheese business, J. S. Smith was born in Massachusetts in 1813. Jacob Smith, his father, was born in 1778 in Plymouth county, Massachusetts. He married in 1802 Miss Huldah Shartliff, and had nine children, namely: Susan A., Hiram S., Malinda B., Deborah, Samuel S., J. S., William N., Daniel, and Huldah. Susannah, Hiram, Malinda, Samuel, and Huldah are deceased. Mr. Smith removed to Ohio in 1816 and settled in Howland township, Trumbull county, on the farm now owned by Josiah Ratliff, on which there was then only a small clearing, He lived there some thirteen years and then removed to Braceville and settled on the farm now owned by his son Jacob, where he resided until his death which occurred in 1854. His wife died two years before. Jacob S, Smith was married in 5841 to Miss Lucinda Atwater, and has a family of four children, viz : Newton S., Julia A., Hiram, and Lydia. Sumner died when two years and a half old.