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ing or improving homes were the most desirable, Manufacturing plants especially have been avoided; some business blocks have occasionally been taken, but homes have always had the preference and the company has aimed to be faithful to its motto, "The American Home the Safeguard of American Liberties," Its mortgage loans have been made on easy terms and the small borrower has always had as good a rate of interest as the large borrower. The company has been instrumental in purchasing, building or improving some-thing like 5,000 'homes in Youngstown and vicinity.

In the division of its profits the Home Savings and Loan Company is unique, It is a mutual institution and all its profits are divided ratably among its depositors. It thus returns to the man who saves his money all the profits that his money earns, Strictly speaking, its depositors receive a dividend instead of interest, but this dividend has been established so long at 5 per cent that the public look upon it as a fixed rate, Its directors do not consider themselves in any sense as owners of the business, but merely as trustees thereof and their detailed annual reports published each year, and mailed to each depositor, show item by item how their trust has been executed, These reports are also circulated widely among other financial institutions of the United States and copies are regularly sent to certain institutions in foreign countries.

Like all growing cities Youngstown's population is somewhat restless and 'her people move from place to place as better situations can be secured. Many depositors in the Home Savings and Loan Company who have thus changed their location have still retained their savings accounts here and continue to make deposits from their new location, In this way the patrons of the company have become scattered, Every important section of Ohio has depositors in the Home Savings and Loan Company, Over one-half of the states in the union and many foreign countries are represented on its books and seldom is a mail delivered at the office that does not contain checks or drafts from distant localities or foreign countries,

EQUITY SAVINGS AND LOAN CO:

The Equity Savings and Loan Company was incorporated in 1900 by Asahel W, Jones, Harry A, Ernst, Ralph E, Cornelius, M, M, Phillips and E, H, Turner, with a capital stock of $500,000, Soon after its incorporation it came under its present management, and it is, now one of the most successful and solid financial institutions in Youngstown, On September 20, 1905, its capital stock was increased to $1,000,000, It guarantees 5 per cent interest on deposits of any amount from one dollar upward, During the five years or more that it has been in business it has. handled over $1,000,000 for its patrons and has never lost a dollar, Its steady and rapid financial growth is clearly shown in the following financial statement of its resources issued October 1, 1906 :

The officers of the company are: Hon, W, T, Gibson, president; W. R, Leonard, vice president; H, W, Grant, treasurer,

INTERNATIONAL BANK,

The International Bank, located at No, North Phelps street, was founded soon after his arrival in Youngstown, by Mr, Gustave V, Hamory, who came here in 1900 from Washington county, Pennsylvania, Mr, Hamory was born in Hungary in 1869 and came to America in 1885, locating first in Pittsburg, where he gained his knowledge of American banking; methods, The International Bank issues drafts and money orders on all parts of the world, makes collections on estates, handles various claims, and also sells steamship and railroad tickets, It has a large patronage among the foreign residents of Youngstown and the vicinity, the business keeping a number of clerks busy, Mr, Hamory also has a flourishing branch office in Sharon, Pennsylvania,

CHAPTER XXI

THE BENCH AND BAR

Its Early History—First Court and First Lawyers—Great Lawyers of Former Years—The

Present Bar and Its High Standing.

Perhaps in no one respect is the advanced degree of progress attained by Mahoning county more clearly manifest than in the high standard of its courts, and the reputation for learning, dignity, and ability that has been long sustained by the members of the legal profession in this community generally. This high standard was early set, and has never been lowered as a whole, and but seldom in part, by any conspicuous shortcomings on the part of said members; and it is safe to say that, outside of the city of Cleveland, no community in the state can claim precedence over Mahoning county in all that goes to constitute a model bench and bar.

PRIMITIVE COURT SCENES.

The lawyers and judges in the earliest period of our civil history performed their duties under very different scenes and conditions from those which now prevail. A brief description of these has come down to us in a small History of the State of Ohio, published at Cincinnati, as far back as 1838, by Caleb Atwater, A. M., who was himself in his younger days, an eyewitness to that which he relates. He says :

"The president judge and the lawyers travelled their circuits holding courts. When arrived at the shire town the lawyers and judges were all generally thrown together into one room in a log tavern and slept under the same roof, and some of them very near it. The food was generally cooked out of doors, and the court house was not unfrequently some log cabin in the woods without a floor in it. We have seen a constable with a grand jury sitting under a tree, and the constable keeping off the crowd, so as to prevent their hearing the testimony of witnesses before the jury. Another constable was guarding a petit jury under some other tree while they were deliberating on their verdict. And when a new county was organized the newly-elected judges, juries, etc., had to be instructed in their duties by the presiding judge and the state's attorney. These things are all in our recollection, fresh, and distinctly remembered."

He further says :

"Judges and lawyers rode from court to court and carried their provisions or starved on the route. Though they generally got into some settlement before nightfall, yet not always, as we shall long remember. When the streams were swelled with rain they swam every stream in their way."

If such conditions now prevailed, a certificate of natatorial proficiency would probably be made a sine qua non of graduation in every law school course.

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FIRST COURT IN TRUMBULL COUNTY.

The first court in Trumbull county after its organization, convened in Warren at 4 :00 p. m., on Monday, August 25, 1800. It was held in primitive fashion between the corncribs of Mr. Quinby, which stood where Main street passes in front of the Cleveland and Mahoning passenger station. Here the judge and justices of the county took the 0ath of office, and proceeded to open the court of Quarter Sessions and Court of Common Pleas, agreeable to the order of the Governor. They also divided the county into eight townships and appointed constables in each. A venire was issued to summon eighteen persons as grand jurors. Information was lodged by the state's attorney against Joseph McMahon and Richard Storer. On the 26th the jury found indictments against each of them for the murder of two Indians at the Salt Springs, and processes were ordered to be issued against them, to be apprehended and held in close custody until the Governor should order a court of Oyer and Terminer to be held to try them. The witnesses were recognized to attend said court. The court sessions lasted until noon on the 29th. The civil officers for the county were as follows : John Young, Turhand Kirtland, Camden Cleveland, James Kingsbury and Eliphalet Austin, esquires, justices of the peace and quorum; John Leavitt, Esq., judge of probate and justice of the peace; Solomon Griswold, Martin Smith, John Struthers, Caleb Baldwin, Calvin Austin, Edward Brockway, John Kinsman, Benjamin Davison, Ephraim Quinby, Ebenezer Sheldon, David Hudson, Aaron Wheeler, Amos Spafford, Moses Park, and John Minor, esquires, justices of the peace. Calvin Pease, Esq., clerk; David Abbot, Esq., sheriff.; John Hart Adgate, coroner; Eliphalet Austin, Esq., treasurer; John Stark Edwards, Esq., recorder.

The following persons were impaneled and sworn on the grand jury : Simon Perkins, foreman ; Benjamin Stow, Samuel Menough, Hawley Tanner, Charles Daly, Ebenezer King, William Cecil, John Hart Adgate, Henry Lane, Jonathan Church, Jeremiah Wilcox, John Partridge Bissell, Isaac Palmer, George Phelps, Samuel Quinby, and Moses Park. George Tod, Esq., was appointed by the court to prosecute the pleas of the United States, the present session, and took the oath of office. It was also ordered by the court that the private seal of the clerk should be considered the seal of the county, and be affixed and recognized as such till a public seal could be procured. A committee was appointed by the court to divide the county of Trumbull into townships ; their subsequent report describing the limits of the townships of Warren, Youngstown, Hudson, Vernon, Middlefield, Richfield, Payneville, and Cleveland, was accepted. The court appointed Turhand Kirtland, John Kinsman and Calvin Austin, esquires, a committee to fix upon and provide some proper place for a temporary jail, until a public jail could be erected. This committee reported that the room in the southwest corner of the house of Ephraim Quimby, Esq., was a convenient and proper place for a temporary jail, and the report was so accepted by the court, and it was ordered accordingly. Certain limits were also assigned, embracing land around the jail, and called "the liberties of the prison," within which a prisoner on good behavior and his parole was allowed to walk. The court also appointed constables for the respective townships to serve "for the present year," James Hillman being appointed for the township of Youngstown. On motion of Judge Kirtland, the court ordered that Jonathan Fowler be recommended to the Governor of this territory as a fit person to keep a public house of entertainment in the town of Youngstown, on his complying with the requisites of the law. A similar order, on motion of Mr. Edwards, was made out in favor of Ephraim Quinby, of the town of Warren.

Benjamin Davison, Esq., Ephraim Quinby, Esq., John Bently, and John Lane were bound over in the penal sum of $200 each to appear before the next court of Oyer and Terminer "to testify the truth between the United States and Joseph McMahon on an indictment for

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murder; and also between the United States and Richard Storer on an indictment for murder."

The session ended with an order by the court "that the clerk be authorized to procure a public seal for the county of Trumbull, of such a size and with such device as he shall deem proper, at the expense of the county."

OTHER COURT SESSIONS.

At the next session of court on the Reserve it was "ordered by the court that the county of Trumbull be divided into districts for the purpose of carrying into effect the territorial tax upon land, and that each town (as the towns were established by the court in August last shall constitute one district, and that each district shall bear the same name with the town which constitutes it," Calvin Pease, clerk. It was also "ordered by the court that the county of Trumbull be divided into two election districts; that the towns of Middlefield, Richfield, Paynesville, and Cleveland shall constitute the northern division, and that the house erected by Mr. Simon Perkins at the intersection of Youngs road and the Lake road, be the place for holding elections in the northern district. And that the towns of Youngstown,Warren, Hudson and Vernon shall constitute the southern district, and that the house of Ephraim Quinby, Esq., in Warren, shall be the place of election." C. Pease, clerk.

"Ordered by the court that the sum of two dollars shall be paid out of the treasury of the county as a reward for each and every wild wolf, of the age of six months and upward, that shall be killed within this county, to the person killing the same; and the sum of one dollar for each and every wolf under six months, that shall be killed in this county, to the person killing the same; under the restrictions and regulations of an act of this territory entitled, 'An Act to Encourage the Killing of Wolves.' " Calvin Pease, clerk.

A committee composed of David Abbott, Samuel Woodruff, Uriel Holmes, Jr., and Simon Perkins, that had been appointed to draft the plan of a jail, having made report, the said report was accepted, with a slight alteration by the court, and Mr. Simon Perkins was appointed "to superintend of the building of said jail, and to carry into effect such contract as the court of Quarter Sessions shall make with any person or persons for the building thereof."

Later sessions were held once or twice a year, though with no great regularity, and their transactions generally concerned the laying out of roads and the trying of a few assault and battery cases, which are of no interest to the public.

FIRST COURT OF MAHONING COUNTY.

Mahoning county was organized in 1846, with Canfield as the county seat. In the act of incorporation it was stipulated that "the court of common pleas and supreme court of said county shall be holden at some convenient house in the town of Canfield until suitable county buildings shall be erected." The trustees of the Methodist Episcopal church tendered their building for the purpose, their offer being accepted. James Brownlee of Poland, James Wallace of Springfield, and Lemuel Brigham of Ellsworth, were designated by the legislature to act as associate justices until an election should be held. They convened for the first time March 16, 1846, in the office of Elisha Whittlesey, in Canfield. Hon. Eben Newton, at that time presiding judge of the circuit, administered the oath of office. Henry J. Canfield was chosen clerk pr0 tern. Some probate business was disposed of, and the county was divided into four assessment districts, with Thomas McGilligen, James McClelland, Samuel Hardman and Herman A. Doud as assessors.

The first regular term of the court of Common Pleas was held May 11, 1846, with Hon. Eben Newton of Canfield as president judge, assisted by the associate justices before mentioned. William Ferguson, of Youngstown, was prosecuting attorney, and James Powers, of Milton, sheriff. By request of the sheriff, Ransford Percival and John C. Fitch were appointed his deputies. There were nineteen

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cases on the docket when the court opened and thirty-seven when it adjourned at the end of the term, which lasted three days. No case was tried to a jury. There were some decisions affecting the partition and sale of real estate; one judgment was rendered on confession; eight wills were proved; eight guardians of minors appointed, and administrators appointed on eleven estates. The court appointed Robert W. Tayler, James B. Blacksom and John M. Edwards master commissioners in chancery; Hiram A. Hall, John M. Edwards, and Reuben McMillen were appointed as school examiners, and John Kirk and Andrew as auctioneers. William W. Whittlesey, of Canfield, on the last day of the term, was elected clerk for five years, and gave bond in the sum of $10,000.

The first term of court was an event of some importance in Canfield, and was largely attended, not only by lawyers from this and neighboring counties, but also by citizens from all parts of the county. The terms of court continued to be held in the Methodist church until the fall term of 1847, by which time the new court house, which had been erected by the citizens of Canfield, in accordance with the provisions of the Act of February 16, 1846, was ready for occupancy.

After the removal of the county seat to Youngstown in August, 1876, an account of which has been given in a previous chapter, the first term of the Court of 'Common Pleas was held in the new court house at that city. It commenced September 10, and adjourned December 19, 1876. Hon. Philip B. Conant of Ravena, was judge, Henry B. Shields, clerk; John R. Davis, sheriff; and Charles R. Truesdale, prosecuting attorney. There were 722 cases on the docket when court opened, of which 674 were civil and 48 criminal. At the close of the term, including those disposed of, the number of civil cases was 953, criminal cases 135, total 1,058.

BIOGRAPHICAL.

Hon. George Tod.—The biographical history of the Mahoning. County bar begins naturally with George Tod, the pioneer lawyer of Youngstown. He was born in Suffield, Conn., December 11, 1773, son of David and Rachel (Kent) Todd. After graduating from Yale College in 1795, he taught school for a while at New Haven, Conn. He then read law at the law school of Judge Reeves, in Litchfield, Conn., and was subsequently admitted to the bar. In ,October, 1797, he was married, at New Haven, Conn., to Miss Sally Isaacs, who was born in 1778, a daughter of Ralph and Mary Isaacs. Their two eldest children—Charlotte L. and Jonathan I. Tod—were there born. In 1801, after first making a preliminary visit, he removed with his wife and children to Youngstown, being the first lawyer to settle here, and one of the earliest on the Reserve. His talents were soon recognized. At the first territorial court of Trumbull county, held in August, 1800, at the time of his first visit, he was appointed prosecuting attorney, and took the oath of office. In that capacity, in September following, he appeared in behalf of the United States against Joseph McMahon, indicted for the murder. of Captain George, an Indian, at the Salt Springs, on the 10th of July preceding. In 1801 he was appointed by Governor St. Clair, territorial secretary. He was three times elected township clerk—in 1802, 1803 and 1804. In 1804-5 he was senator from Trumbull county in the state legislature, and again in 1810-11. In 1806 he was elected judge of the supreme court of the state. In the war of 1812 he was commissioned major and afterwards colonel of the Nineteenth Regiment of Ohio militia, and served with distinction at Fort Meigs and Sackett's Harbor. In 1815 he was elected president judge of the Court of Common Pleas of the old Third circuit, and held the office until 1829. He was subsequently elected prosecuting-attorney of Trumbull county and held the office for one term. His latter years Were devoted to the care of his large farm, at Brier Hill, which afterwards became celebrated for its deposit of fine mineral coal, developed by his son David, who was Governor of Ohio, 1861-63. Mr. Tod died at Brier Hill, April 11, 1841, widely honored and re-

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spected. As a lawyer and judge he ranked among the first in the state. He was followed a few years later by his wife, who died at Brier Hill, September 29, 1847.

Hon. Samuel Huntington was born in Norwich, Connecticut, in 1765. He graduated from Yale College at the age of twenty years. He read law, was admitted to the bar, and practiced law for several years thereafter in his native town. In 1800 he made a visit to Ohio, reaching Youngstown on horseback, July 25th. He was so well pleased with the Reserve that he determined to settle here. Before his return to Connecticut he visited Marietta, where, the territorial court being in session, he was admitted to the bar of Ohio. It is said that he was present with Governor St. Clair, as counsel, at the trial of Joseph McMahon for murder of Captain George, an Indian, though on which side or whether as advisory counsel to the Governor, is not known. He returned to Norwich on horseback in the fall. In the following spring he came back to Youngstown, bringing with him his wife and family in a covered wagon. He remained but a year or two in Yougstown, after which he removed to Cleveland, Ohio. In 1801 he was appointed by Governor .St. Clair, lieutenant-colonel of r the Trumbull county militia, and in January, 1802, was commissioned a justice of the court of Quarter Sessions, of which he became the presiding officer. He was a member of the convention which formed the first constitution of Ohio, and on its adoption was elected Senator from Trumbull county, in the first General Assembly, which convened at Chillicothe, in March, 1803. On April 2, 1804, he was elected by the Legislature a judge of the Supreme Court, his commission, signed by Governor Tiffin, being the first issued in the name of the State of Ohio. He served one term of two years as Governor, being elected in 1808. He was in the State Legislature, as representative from Geauga county, in 1811-12. In the War of 1812 he served two years in the Northwestern army, as district paymaster, with the rank of colonel. He died on his farm at Painesville, in February, 1817. He was greatly respected as a man of large business capacity, and of unsullied personal character.

Homer Hine was born in New Milford,. Conn., July 25, 1776, of Scotch-Irish ancestry.. His great-grandfather, who was the founder of the family in this country, was one of the early settlers of Milford, Conn. James Hine, the grandfather of Homer, was born in Milford in 1696, and removed in early manhood: to New Milford, where he married Margaret: Noble. He had two sons—Austin and Noble: —and several daughters. The Son, Noble, was a colonel of Connecticut militia in the Revolutionary war. He had three sons, including the subject of this sketch, and six daughters. The youngest daughter, Sophia, became the wife of Rev.. Charles A. Board-. man, who was for many years pastor of the First Presbyterian church of Youngstown,. Ohio.

Homer Hine was graduated from Yale-college in 1797. He had some distinguished classmates, among them being Rev. Dr. Lyman Beecher, Horatio Seymour, United States. Senator from Vermont, and Henry Baldwin, judge of the United States Supreme Court. For a year after his graduation he was pre-. ceptor of an academy at Stockbridge, Mass., where he had for one of his pupils Miss Catherine Sedgwick, who subsequently became a noted authoress. During the same period he read law with her father, Judge Sedgwick. His law studies were continued in the follow-. ing years with a Mr. Ruggles, of New Milford, and subsequently he attended the law school of Judge Reeves and Gould at Litchfield, Conn. He was admitted to the bar in Litchfield in 1801. In June of the same year he removed to Canfield, Ohio, making the journey on horseback, and carrying his wardrobe in his saddlebags. In 1806 he came to Youngstown, where he continued to reside until his death at the age of eighty years, in July, 1856. He was engaged in the practice of law from the time he arrived on the Reserve until he had attained the age of sixty years, after which he declined to engage in any new

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cases. It was a common practice with Mr. Hine, where practicable, to advise his clients to settle, compromise, or arbitrate, though he often sacrificed his own interests by so doing. He had compensation, however, in the approval of his own conscience, and also in the fact that his well known fairness and justice often gave his arguments more weight with judge and jury, who placed the greater confidence in his statements on trial. He was four times elected to the office of representative in the Ohio legislature—in 1804, 1805, 1816 and 1824. He served five years as non-resident tax-collector, or until that office was abolished, about 1812. He was a soldier in the War of 1812 under Colonel William Rayen. In 1805 he was appointed, by the legislature, a commissioner to lay out a State road from Warren to such point on Lake Erie as, in his judgment, would make the most feasible route from Pittsburg to Lake Erie. The route he selected was one with a terminus at the mouth of Grand river, in Painsville township, Lake county, the river at Fairport affording the best natural harbor at that time on that part of Lake Erie. Mr. Hine was a regular attendant at the Presbyterian church, and was frequently called upon, in the absence of a clergyman, to read a sermon. He took an interest in all useful reforms, and was especially active in the temperance cause for many years being president of the Youngstown Temperance society. On 'removing to Youngstown, in 1806, he had purchased a frame house and two acres of land east of the Diamond, of Robert Kyle, the house being one of the first frame structures erected in the city. Here he dispensed a generous hospitality, and was particularly fond of entertaining clergymen, on which account his house was familiarly referred to as "The Ministers' Tavern."

He married, October 5, 1807, Miss Skinner, (laughter of Abraham Skinner, of Painesville, Ohio, and a native of Glastonbury, Conn. In 1818 they removed to a farm of 1t0 acres, which 'he had purchased, at the mouth of Crab Creek, and on which was a two-story frame dwelling built by Col. James Hillman, which had been occupied by him as a tavern. This house was for many years one of the landmarks of Youngstown. After the death of her husband, in 1856,, Mrs. Hine resided in that homestead until 1872, when she went to live with a son at Painesville. She died at an advanced age, retaining to the last a lively interest in the welfare of her children and descendants.

Hon. Calvin Pease, another pioneer lawyer of the Reserve, was born in Suffield, Hartford county, Conn., September 9, 1776. Admitted to the bar in Hartford, in 1798, he practiced law in his native state until March, 1800, when he removed to Youngstown, Ohio, and commenced practice here. He was the first postmaster of Youngstown, being appointed January 1, 1802, and holding the office until he removed to Warren in 1803. He was for some time one of the township trustees of Youngstown. He was appointed clerk of the Court of Common Pleas of Trumbull county at the first session in August, 1800. At the first session of the legislature after the admission of Ohio into the Federal Union, Mr. Pease, then only twenty-seven years of age, was elected president judge of the Court of Common Pleas, which was then the third circuit, and comprised the counties of Washington, Belmont, Jefferson, Columbiana. and Trumbull. He ably served in this position until March 4, 1810, when he resigned. He was subsequently elected by the legislature one of the judges of the Supreme Court, and entered upon his duties in 1816. Here he was called upon to decide upon the constitutionality of some portions of an act of the legislatures passed in 1805, defining the duties of justices of the peace. His decision that such portions of the act were unconstitutional, though it was concurred in by a majority of the judges of the Supreme Court, caused great excitement among those who favored legislative supremacy, and he and Judge Tod were impeached. When brought before the Senate he maintained his right to make such a decision, and to determine cases brought before him according to his conceptions of the law. After an investigation lasting some days he

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was acquitted, it being foUnd impossible to obtain the necessary two-thirds vote for conviction. The principles for which he stood were laid down long before by Lord Coke and other eminent judges in England, and are well recognized by lawyers and judges of today. His action in standing firm when he knew he was right, in spite of much personal abuse and unpopularity, will receive the commendation not only of every law student but also of every intelligent and fair-minded citizen. During the War of 1812 with England Judge Pease held the important position of senator in the state legislature, the duties of which he performed with his usual ability and conscientiousness. He subsequently rendered good service in the legislature, to which he was elected in 1831, by urging the construction of a new-penitentiary and improving prison discipline.

Judge Pease possessed a keen wit, which he exercised sometimes, though without intending any offense, to the embarrassment of the young lawyers in court. He died September 17, 1839, leaving a family of five children. His wife, to whom he was married in 1804, was in maidenhood, Miss Laura G. Risley of Washington City. Judge Pease was a man of fine presence—full six feet in height and corpulent, with a face indicating strong character, softened by lines of kindness and humor. He was an ornament to the bar, and in private life a man of whom none could speak evil.

Perlee Brush, another native of Connecticut, and a man of considerable note in early days on the Reserve, was graduated at Yale College in 1793. He read law in Connecticut and was there admitted to the bar. After removing to Ohio he became a member of the Trumbull county bar. He resided for many years at or near Youngstown, and practiced law in the justices' courts in the vicinity, and also to some extent in the higher courts at Warren. He was also, in all probability, the pioneer school teacher of Youngstown, having charge of the log school-house on the Diamond as early as 1806. He is said to have been still teaching school near Youngstown in 1814. In 1826 he purchased a farm of about 100 acres of land in Hubbard, where he afterwards resided. A small stream flowed through his farm, on which there was an old-fashioned carding machine and fulling mill, which he operated for about a year. He does not seem to have married, as at this time he lived by himself, and boarded himself until his health began to fail, after which he took his meals at a neighbor's, still living at home. He is said t0 have been a fine scholar, well versed in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. He died in 1852, at the age of eighty-four years.

Elisha Whittlesey was born in Washington, Litchfield county, Conn., October 19, 1783, son of John and Mollie Whittlesey. He was a descendant of John Whittlesey, who emigrated from England to Saybrook, Conn., about 1630. In his youth. he spent his summers in working on his father's farm, and attended school in the winter. In 1803, at the age of twenty years, he began to read law with his brother, Matthew B. Whittlesey, a lawyer of Danbury, Conn., with whom he had previously resided. He was admitted to the bar at Fairfield, Conn., in March, 1805, and began practice at New Milford. On January 5, 1806, he married Miss Polly Mygatt, a daughter of Comfort S. Mygatt of Danbury, who afterwards removed to Canfield, Ohio. Prior to their marriage they had decided to emigrate to Canfield. Early in June, 1806, in company with other pioneers, they started on their journey in a covered wagon. They came by way of Pittsburg, which at that time was an insignificant village, and arrived at Canfield on June 27, 1806, 'having been twenty-four days on the road. In the following August Mr. Whittlesey was admitted to the bar of Ohio by the Supreme Court at Warren. Soon after he became prosecuting attorney of the county which office he held until 1823, when he resigned. In 1808 he was commissioned captain of a military company in Canfield. Two years later General Elijah Wadsworth of the Fourth Division, Ohio Militia, appointed him as his aide-de-camp, and in that capacity he entered the service of the United States in the War of 1812 with Great Britain. He was

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afterwards appointed brigade-major and inspector under General Perkins, and so remained until February 25, 1813, when the troops that had served six months or more were discharged. He continued in the service a few months longer as aid and private secretary to General Harrison, at the latter's own request. In 1820 and 1821 he was elected representative in the state legislature. Beginning with 1822 he was elected eight times representative in Congress from the district composed of Trumbull, Portage, Geauga, and Ashtabula counties, making his congressional term about sixteen years. During a great part of this time he was chairman of the committee on claims. From 1822 to 1841 he was engaged in the practice of. law with Eben Newton, under the firm name of Whittlesey Newton. The firm enjoyed a large practice and was widely and favorably known. This connection was interrupted r by Mr. Whittlesey's appointment by President Harrison, in 1841, as auditor of the treasury for the post-office department, which obliged him to take up his residence in Washington. In September, 1843, he resigned the office of auditor, and returned to Canfield, and engaged in practicing law and other business. From 1847 to May, 1849, he was general agent of the Washington Monument association, which office he resigned on being appointed by President Taylor, first comptroller of the treasury. He held this office through the Taylor and Fillmore administrations, resigning on the election of President Pierce, to whom he was opposed in politics. President Pierce, however, so well understood his value, that in disregard of his political opinions, he urgently requested him to remain. This Mr. Whittlesey did, but resigned again for the same reason on the inauguration, his resignation being then accepted. In May, 1861, he was appointed to the same office by President Lincoln, and performed its arduous duties to the day of his death, January 7, 1863, being stricken down at his post in his office at Washington City. Said a Washington paper : "He was gifted with that admirable courage which never quailed before the seductive blandishments of wealth or the threatening importance of power. He never hesitated to espouse the cause because it was weak. Strong combinations by men of position to carry a point which he believed to be wrong had no terrors for him." At the time of his death he had established a national reputation for perseverance, ability, and moral rectitude.

Hon. Eben Newton was born in the town of Goshen, Litchfield county, Conn., October 16, 1795. His parents were Isaac and Rebecca Newton, the father a farmer, who died at Goshen. Mrs. Rebecca Newton, who removed to Ohio in 1820, died at the home of her son in Canfield in 1833. Young Eben's early education was acquired principally during the winter months in the schools of Goshen. In May, 1814, he emigrated to Portage county, Ohio, where for a while he worked on a farm. Subsequently, while a clerk in his brother's store, he began to read law in the office of Darius Lyman at Ravenna. After a short visit to Connecticut, in 1822, during which he continued his law studies, he returned to Ravenna, where he read law with Jonathan Sloan. He was admitted to the bar at Warren. in August, 1823, and receiving an invitation from Elisha Whittlesey to enter into partnership with him, he consented, and removed to Canfield, which was subsequently his place of residence until his death. The firm of Whittlesey & Newton continued for twenty years, fifteen years of which time Mr. Whittlesey was in congress. Their business extended all over the Reserve and into other parts of the state. In 1840 Mr. Newton was elected to the state senate, and during his term he was elected president judge of the third judicial district, which office he filled with marked ability. He resigned the judgeship in 1846 and resumed his law practice. Elected to congress in 1850, he served two years, and then again resumed practice. In 1863 he was elected for the second time to the state senate. Subsequently he took charge of the settlement of the Simeon Jennings estate, which involved much litigation in many states, required extensive travel in this country and two visits to Europe, and occupied much of his attention for many years.

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He was also for a number of years president of the Ashtabula & New Lisbon Railroad Company, later known as the Niles & New Lisbon, and it was largely owing to his exertions that it maintained its existence. He was greatly interested in farming and stock raising, and for several years was president of the Mahoning County Agricultural Society. While engaged in practicing law, before he entered congress, he had many law students, some of whom afterwards became noted lawyers, judges, and legislators, among the latter being Senator Benjamin F. Wade and his brother Edward Wade, Ralph P. Buckland and Joshua R. Giddings. Mr. Newton was married at Canfield on May 20, 1826, to Miss Mary S. Church, a native of that place, and daughter of Ensign Church, an early pioneer, who was a son of Nathaniel Church, one of the proprietors of the township.

Hon. Robert W. Tayler was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, November 9, 1812, son of James and Jane (Walker) Tayler. His parents removed with their family to Youngstown in 1815, where the father died in 1834. Mrs. Jane Tayler died ten years later. They were honest, industrious people, who gave their children a sound moral training and as good an education as they could afford, the father being a man of much reading and of more than ordinary intelligence.

Robert W. Tayler, after teaching school for a while, became deputy. to George Parsons, clerk of the courts of Trumbull county, Ohio. He evinced his business ability in the summer of 1833, when he accompanied Calvin Cone, appraiser of real estate for taxation, as his secretary, through Trumbull county, his general aptitude, and the knowledge of real estate values which he displayed being considered remarkable for one so young. He subsequently read law with Whittlesey & Newton, of Canfield, and was admitted to the bar at Warren, Ohio, in August, 1834, beginning practice at Youngstown. Here he continued in practice until 1860, when he went to Columbus, Ohio, to assume the duties of state auditor. He was afterwards in law partner-

ship for a time with John Crowell, of Warren, and still later with William G. Moore, of Youngstown. Elected prosecuting attorney of Trumbull county in 1839, he held that office two years, ably performing its duties. On the organization of the Mahoning County Bank at Youngstown, in 1850, at the earnest request of its directors, he became its cashier, continuing, however, in the practice of his profession. In 1855 he was elected state senator on the Republican ticket for the counties of Mahoning and Trumbull, and re-elected in 1857. His record while in the senate led to his nomination by his party, almost without opposition, for the office of auditor of state, and he was elected in 1859, beginning the duties of the office in 1860. "Upon the death of Elisha Whittlesey, his former legal preceptor, first comptroller of the United States treasury in 1863, he was called by President Lincoln, at the suggestion of Salmon P. Chase, then secretary of the United States treasury, who knew his eminent fitness, to fill the vacancy in the office of first comptroller. For nearly fifteen years he faithfully discharged the duties of that office and death found him at his post as the honest and incorruptible watchman of the treasury." He was stricken with paralysis at his desk in Washington, February 25, 1878, and lived only two hours. His funeral was one of the largest ever held in Youngstown.

Mr. Tayler was first married March 24, 1840, to Miss Louisa Maria, daughter of John E. Woodbridge, of Youngstown. She died February 11, 1853. He married for his second wife, on January 12, 1854, Miss Rachel Kirtland Wick, daughter of Colonel Caleb B. Wick, a son of Henry Wick, one of the early settlers of Youngstown.

Hon. David Tod was born in Youngstown, Ohio, February 21, 1805. His parents, George and Sally (Isaacs) Tod, were early settlers on the Reserve, coming here from Connecticut. The father, Judge George Tod, a sketch of whom may be found elsewhere in this volume, was a man of marked ability and high character, though not successful in accumulating wealth. On this account, chiefly, the early

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education of the subject of this sketch was limited to a term or two at the academy. He made the best use, however, of his facilities for the study of law, was admitted to the bar in 1827, and at the age of 22 years began practice in Warren. He was a successful lawyer, and his active practice covered a period of fifteen years. After the death of his father in 1841 he came into actual possession of the old Brier Hill farm near Youngstown, which he had really owned for some time, owing to the fact that, while yet a briefless barrister, he had, by the most strenuous efforts, and with the assistance of friends, saved it from falling into the hands of his father's creditors. This farm subsequently became the source of great wealth to him owing to its large deposits of what was afterwards known as the famous Brier Hill coal. Mr. Tod gradually developed a market for this coal, which was greatly expanded on the introduction of raw coal blast furnaces, making the extensive deposits still more valuable. Mr. Tod also showed his business ability as a director in the Cleveland and Mahoning Railroad Company, his efforts being largely instrumental in extracting it from a seriously embarrassed financial condition.

Early in young manhood Mr. Tod became an ardent supporter of the Democratic party, and soon began to take an active part in politics. He made a good stump orator, his clear-cut, pithy speeches appealing directly to the popular ear. In 1838 he was elected to the State Senate, running several hundred votes ahead of his ticket. During the campaign of 1840 he rendered good service to his party, making speeches all over the state, and leaving everywhere a good impression. Nominated for the governorship in 1844, he cut down the majority of his Whig opponent, Mordecai Bartly, to one thousand, while Clay carried the state a month later by six thousand. In 1847 Mr. Tod was tendered by President Polk, and accepted, the office of minister to Brazil. He remained in that country five years during which he negotiated some important commercial treaties, and was instrumental in settling a number of government claims of over thirty years standing. On his farewell he was the subject of a highly complimentary address by the emperor. As vice-president of the convention which met at Baltimore in 1860 to nominate a candidate for the Presidency, Mr. Tod took an important part in restoring order in the scene of confusion which ensued on the bolt by the southern delegates. Although favoring Douglas, he doubtless preferred the election of Lincoln to the success of the Breckenridge wing of his own party. When the secession movement was started in the southern states Mr. Tod did all in his power to restore peace; but after treason had thrown off the last disguise and the guns of Fort Sumter had sounded a challenge to every loyal Union man, his voice was heard among the first in arousing his patriotic neighbors to action. The first company of troops organized at Youngstown, a company of the Ninteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was recruited largely at his expense, and before leaving for camp, each member received from him, as a present, an army overcoat. These coats were known in the service as "Tod coats," and some of them were brought home after four years' service.

In 1861 Mr. Tod obtained the nomination of the Republican party for the Governorship, and was elected by a majority of about fifty-five thousand. He made an efficient war Governor, aiding the soldiers in the field by every means in his power, and being particularly active in suppressing sedition. He was heartily in favor of the arrest of Vallandigham in 1863, for which he became the special object of hatred on the part of the anti-war element of the Democratic party, and a favorite target for their abuse. Owing to the condition of politics in the state it was deemed advisable by the Republicans, in 1864, to bring out a new man, and John Brough was accordingly nominated. Although somewhat disappointed, the governor gave his cordial support to the nominee. Retiring from office in January, 1864, he retired to his farm at Brier Hill, and thereafter devoted his chief attention to business affairs, though continuing to retain an active interest in politics. His death occurred on November 13, 1868. and caused wide-spread sorrow and regret among all who

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knew him for what he was—a man of sterling worth and unsullied patriotism.

Henry J. Canfield was a native of Connecticut, and son of Judson Canfield, a lawyer, and one of the proprietors of the township of Canfield, Ohio, to which he gave his name. Henry J. was graduated at Yale College in 1806, read law with Judge Reeve, of Litchfield, Connecticut, and was admitted to the bar in Connecticut. Shortly afterwards he came to Canfield to take charge of his father's lands. Being admitted to the bar of Ohio, at Warren, he gave some attention to practice, but was chiefly engeged in farming, land-surveying and sheep-raising. He was the author of a highly-prized work on sheep. At the first special court held in Mahoning county, after its organization in 1846, lie was appointed clerk pro tem of the court of Common Pleas, which office he held until the first regular term of court held May nth, that year, when the clerk for the full term was appointed. He died in Canfield in 1856, respected as one of the old and useful residents of the township.

Hon. Benjamin F. Hoffman was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, January 25, 1812, son of Joseph and Catherine (Stitcler) Hoffman. He was educated in his native state, and removed with his parents to Trumbull county, Ohio, in 1833. After having read law with Hon. David Tod, at Warren, for two years, he attended for six months the Cincinnati Law School, conducted by. Wright, Benham & Walker. Here he was graduated in 1836 as bachelor of law, and was at once admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court at Cincinnati. Returning to Warren, he practiced law there for several years as a member of the firm of Tod, Hoffman & Hutchins. From October, 1838, to June, 1841, he was postmaster at Warren. Mr. Tod removing to Brier Hill in 1844, and soon after retiring from practice, and Mr. Hutchins being elected to the legislature in 1849, Mr. Hoffman carried on the law businesS by himself until 1853, when Col. R. \V. Ratliff became his partner. In October. 1856, he was elected judge of the Common Pleas court for the second sub-division of the Ninth judicial district, and served in that capacity five years. In 1861 Mr. Hoffman became private secretary to Governor David Tod, and accompanied him to Columbus, where he capably performed the arduous duties which devolved upon him during the first two years of the Civil War. In 1865, though a resident of Warren, he opened a law office in Youngstown, where he resumed the practice of his profession; in 1870 he removed to this city.

Mr. Hoffman was first married, in December, 1837, to Elizabeth H. Cleveland, daughter of Dr. John Cleveland, formerly of Rutland, Vermont. She died in 1869, leaving two children, both of whom are long since deceased. In 1870 Mr. Hoffman married, for his second wife, Mrs. Alice W. Hezlep, of which union there was one daughter, born in 1877. Originally a Democrat, Mr. Hoffman, as early as 1841, become interested in the Abolition move- • ment, and subsequently became a firm champion of the cause at a time when it took some courage to express Abolition sentiments. Some years ago he removed with his family to California, of which state he is still a resident, having now attained the ripe age of ninety-five--years.

John M. Edwards was born in New Haven,. Connecticut, October 23, 1805, son of Henry W. and Lydia (Miller) Edwards. His paternal grandfather was Judge Pierrepont Edwards, one of the original proprietors of the Western Reserve, and a great-grandson of Jonathan Edwards, the noted divine and early president of Princeton College. On his mother's side he was of English descent, the maternal grandfather John Miller, being a native. of London, and a sea-captain, who settled in America prior to the Revolutionary War.

John M. Edwards was graduated at Yale College in the class of 1824. He read law with Judge Bristol at New Haven, was there admitted to the bar of Connecticut in 1826, and. to the bar of the Circuit Court of the United States in 1828. After practicing law for a few years in New Haven, he removed in 1832, to

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Ohio, at first settling in Youngstown. Here, however, at this time, he remained but a few months, soon removing to the north part of Trumbull county, where he engaged in other than law business. He was admitted to the bar of Ohio by the supreme court August 30, 1838, at Warren, and soon after began practice there. For a number of years, beginning with 1840, he was engaged also in editing the Trumbull Democrat, a weekly newspaper. In 1841 he was appointed by the United States district court commissioner of bankrupts for Trumbull county, which office he held until the repeal of the bankrupt law. Nominated in 1842 by a Democratic convention as representative in congress from the old Nineteenth district, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Hon. Joshua R. Giddings, he largely -cut down the usual Whig majority. About 1843 he was appointed by the court of common pleas school examiner for Trumbull "county, and held the office for three years, or until his removal from the county. About 1841 he was elected and commissioned captain "of militia under the old military system. Removing to Canfield on the organization of Mahoning county in 1847, he practiced law there until 1864, when he removed his office to Youngstown, where in 1868 he also came to reside. At the first term of the court of Common Pleas he was appointed school examiner for Mahoning county for three years, and subsequently held that office by successive reappointments until his removal to Youngstown.

Shortly after his removal to Canfield, in 1846, he became editor and one of the publishers of the Mahoning Index the first newspaper published in Mahoning county, and continued as such for several years. From that time on he was intimately connected as editor, correspondent, or contributor, with newspapers in Warren, Canfield, Youngstown, and Cleveland. During the 1864-1865 session of the Ohio legislature he was one of the clerks of the Senate. From 1869 to 1878 he served several terms as justice of the peace of Youngstown township. He was one of the founders of the Mahoning Valley Historical Society in 1874, and was editor with William Powers of the interesting volume of Historical Collections published by the society in 1876. As journalist and historian he performed a useful work in rescuing from oblivion many interesting reminiscences of pioneer clays while some of the early settlers were still alive, and in preserving the biographies of many of the pioneers.

Mr. Edwards was married, July 14, 1842, at Warren, Ohio, to Miss Mary P., daughter of Joseph Grail. Mrs. Edwards was a talented amateur artist. She died at Youngstown, May 15, 1877, leaving three children, of whom Henrietta Frances married Stanley M. Caspar of Youngstown, and Henry W. became a merchant in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

David M. Wilson was born in Guilford, Medina county, Ohio, July 21, 1822, son of David and Abigail (Porter) Wilson. His grandfathers were Revolutionary soldiers. He was educated in the common schools, and at Norfolk seminary, and taught school for one term. He read law with Hiram Floyd, at Medina, Ohio, and was there admitted to practice in 1844. In the following year he removed to Warren, Ohio, whence on the organization of Mahoning county, in 1846, he removed to Canfield, where he commenced practice. For a few years he was a partner of John W., afterwards Judge Church, the style of the firm being Wilson & Church. In 1858 he removed to Youngstown, where he was successively the partner of James B. Blocksom, Robert G. Knight, Halsey H. Moses, and James P. Wilson, his nephew. In 1863 he was nominated for attorney-general of Ohio, and in 1874 for representative in Congress, each time on the Democratic ticket ; though not elected in either case, his personal popularity caused him to run ahead of his ticket. He first married Miss Nancy Merrill, a native of Orangeville, New york. She died in 1851. He married for his second wife, in 1871, Miss Griselda Campbell, of Trumbull county. Ohio. Mr. Wilson died February 1I, 1882, at Youngstown.

William G. Moore was born at Freedom, Beaver county, Pennsylvania, January 7, 1822.

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His parents, Edwin and Mary A. Moore, were natives of county Leitrim, Ireland, and emigrated to the United States in 1829, settling in Youngstown a few years later. Mr. Moore began the study of law in the office of John Crowell, at Warren, Ohio, and continued it with Robert W. Tayler, of Youngstown. He was admitted to the bar by the supreme court in 1847, and to the bar of the supreme court of the United States in 1854. He began the practice of law at Youngstown, in 1847, as partner of Mr. Tayler, and was afterwards a partner of Gen. Thomas W. Sanderson, which continued until Mr. Sanderson joined the army in 1861. He was afterwards in partnership for a time with William C. Bunts, Lawthers, later with William J. Lawthers. He was elected mayor of Youngstown in April, 1854, and re-elected in 1856. In 1869 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Mahoning county, and served two years. He was married March 18, 1852, to Miss Lura A. Andrews, a native of Vienna, Trumbull county, Ohio, whose father, Norman Andrews, was an early settler of that county, but later a resident of Youngstown.

Gen. Thomas W. Sanderson was born in Indiana, Indiana county, Pennsylvania, October 17, 1829. His father, Matthew D. Sanderson, was of Scotch descent. His mother, Mary (Wakefield) Sanderson, was the daughter of Thomas Wakefied, who was born in Armagh, Ireland.

Matthew D. Sanderson, in 1834, removed with his family to Youngstown, Ohio, where he continued the business of farming. He died in 1864.

Thomas W. Sanderson acquired his preliminary education in the schools of Youngstown. He read law with William Ferguson at Youngstown, and was admitted to the bar by the district court at Canfield in August, 1852. While reading law he spent a part of the time in land surveying and civil engineering, and for a period after his admission to the bar he followed the profession of civil engineer. In 1854 he commenced the practice of law Youngstown in co-partnership with his brother-in-law, Frank E. Hutchins, under the style of Hutchins & Sanderson, which partnership was continued for several years. In 1856 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Mahoning county, and served one term. In 1861 he abandoned for a time the practice of law and entered the United States army as lieutenant and adjutant of the Second Ohio volunteer cavalry He remained in the service over four years, passing through the several grades of promotion, and in 1864 was made brigadier-general for gallantry in action. A more detailed account of his army record may be found in a biographical sketch of the General which appears elsewhere in this volume. On leaving the army he returned to the practice of law in Youngstown, which he has followed up to a very recent date, but is now practically retired. He has never sought but always refused political office, but in 1872 was a delegate-at-large from the State of Ohio in the National Republican convention which nominated General Grant for re-election as president. General Sanderson was married December 19, 1854, to Miss Elizabeth Shoemaker, of Mercer, Pennsylvania, a member of one the oldest families of that state.

Asahel W. Jones was born at Johnstonville, Trumbull county, Ohio, September 18, 1838. His paternal grandfather and great-grandfather were early settlers in Trumbull county removing there from Burkhamstead, Connecticut, in 1801, and erecting the second cabin in the township. William P. Jones, father of Asahel, was born in Hartford, Trumbull county, Ohio, July 11, 1814. He married Mary J. Bond, a native of Avon Springs, N. Y., who emigrated to Hartford in 1822, at the age of seventeen years. She died in Youngstown, in March 1882. The subject of this sketch, after reading law with Curtis & Smith, at Warren, Ohio, was there admitted to the bar September 27, 1859. He practiced there a few years and then, in 1864, removed to Youngstown, where he was in partnership at different times with H. B. Case, Gen. T. W. Sanderson, R. B. Murray, W. S. Anderson, and W. J. Terrell, for many years while thus connected he did a large amount of railroad

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and corporation law business. He was twice prosecuting attorney, being first appointed, on the death of Henry G. Leslie, in 1868, as his successor, and the second time by election. He was also judge advocate general of Ohio for two terms. In 1874 he was active in the organization of the Second National Bank of Youngstown, and for many years subsequently was one of its directors. In 1878 he became a director in the Brown, Bonnell & Co.'s manufacturing concern, which is now included in the Republic Iron & Steel corporation. He was a delegate, with Judge Tripp, from the Seventeenth Ohio Congressional district, to the Republican National Convention held in Chicago in 1880. He also served two terms as lieutenant-governor. About a year ago Mr. Jones retired from the practice of law and removed to Berg Hill, Trumbull county, Ohio, where he now resides, engaged in farming. He was married, September 24, 1861, to Miss Annette J. Palmer, who was born at Kingsville, Ashtabula county, Ohio, June 23, 1840. He afterwards married Miss Louisa Brice of Oberlin, Ohio.

Hon. Laurin D. Woodworth was born in Windham, Portage county, Ohio, September 10, 1837. His father was William Woodworth, a substantial and highly respected farmer. His literary education was acquired at Windham Academy and at Hiram College. He read law in the office of O. P. Brown, in Ravenna, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. After pursuing further studies at the Ohio State and Union Law College at Cleveland, he formed a partnership with Mr. Brown, which continued until the fall of 1861. In 1862 he was appointed major of the One Hundred and Fourth regiment, Ohio infantry volunteers, which was ordered to Kentucky and was there engaged for some ten months in carrying on a guerrilla warfare. He was soon after obliged to resign on account of ill health which had been brought on by the hardships and exposure incidental to the service, and the next two years were spent in traveling, under medical advice, in an endeavor to recover his health. Having lost the use of his right eye, he was rejected on his attempting to re-enter the service. About 1865 he removed to Youngstown and resumed the practice of law. In October, 1867, he was elected State Senator for the Mahoning and Trumbull district, and being re-elected in 1869, was chosen president protem of the Senate. At the close of his second term he declined a renomination and resumed his law practice. In October, 1872, he was elected representative in Congress from the Seventeenth Ohio district, and was re-elected in 1874. At the expiration of his second term he resumed the practice of law in Youngstown. He died in March, 1896. Mr. Woodworth was married, October 6, 1869, to Miss Celia Clark, of Windham, Ohio.

Halsey H. Moses was born July 12, 1830, in Morgan, Ashtabula county, Ohio, to which place his parents, Jonathan and Abigail (Plumley) Moses, came in 1841 from Norfolk, Litchfield county, Connecticut. After attending the Grand River Institute, he read law with C. L. Tinker, of Painesville, and was admitted to the bar at Jefferson, Ohio, in August, 1861. He practiced for a few years in Ashtabula county, and then removed to Warren, Ohio, where he was a partner successively of Matthew Birchard, Ira L. Fuller, and 0f General Robert W. Ratliff. In 1872 he came to Youngstown, .though still retaining his law practice in the firm of Ratliff & Moses. In 1877 he became a partner of George F. Arrel in the firm of Moses & Arrel, and so continued until Mr. Arrel became judge of the Court of Common Pleas, after which he practiced for some time alone and also in partnership with Cecil D. Hine. Subsequently he retired from the practice of law, and went to Nebraska, of which state he is still a resident, being engaged in farming. He married, in 1852, Miss Mary L. Murdock, a native of Mesopotamia, Trumbull county, Ohio.

Leroy D. Thoman was born in Salem, Columbiana county, Ohio, July 31, 1851, son of Jacob S. Thoman. His parents were early settlers in Springfield township. Mahoning county, Ohio. His mother, who was a daughter of

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Rev. Henry Sonnedecker, was born in Wooster, Wayne county, Ohio, and accompanied her parents to Springfield in 1827. After a preliminary education obtained in the common schools, with one year at an academy, Leroy D. Thoman read law with Joseph H. Adair, of Columbia City, Indiana, and was admitted to the bar there August 13, 1872, and to the bar of Ohio, in Mahoning county. in September, 1873. He was deputy prosecuting attorney of the Ninth judicial district of Indiana from August 14, 1872, until February, 1873. He then resigned and removed to Youngstown, where he formed a law partnership with Isaac A. Justice. In October, 1875, he was elected probate judge of Mahoning county, and reelected to that office in 1878. After serving two terms he declined to be again a candidate, and resumed the practice of law. He also became connected with the Vindicator Publishing Co. as editor and part proprietor, in which he is still interested. A few years ago he removed to Chicago, Illinois, where he is now engaged in the practice of law. His wife, who in maidenhood was Miss Mary E. Cripps, of Youngstown, whom he married March 29, 1876, died December 4, 1876.

Isaac A. Justice was born in Austintown, Mahoning county, Ohio, March 16, 1837. His parents, John and Nancy (Sexton) Justice, were natives of Washington county, Pennsylvania, and pioneers of Mahoning county, Ohio, coming here when quite young. They both died at Austintown in 1881., after sixty years of happy and prosperous married life.

Their son Isaac was educated at the Mahoning Academy, in Canfield, his winters from

1856 to 1860 being spent in teaching school. After reading law with S. W. Gilson, Esq., at

Canfield, he was admitted to the bar there in the fall of 1867. Soon after he entered into

a partnership with Mr. Gilson, which was continued for some. time. In 1872 he removed to

where here he was engaged in the practice of law until his death, which took place April 15, 1900. "In October, 1873, and during the contest for the removal of the county seat to Youngstown, he was elected on what was called the 'removal ticket,' prosecuting attorney and held the office for one term commencing January 7, 1874, and terminating January 7, 1876." He was subsequently tendered the office of school examiner of Mahoning county, but declined because of want of time to perform the duties of the office. In the late 70's he began to take an earnest interest in the temperance movement, and devoted considerable time to lecturing and otherwise advancing the cause. He was for some time president of the Ohio Christian Temperance Union, and was a prominent. member of several fraternal societies. In 1892-3 he was city solicitor, being appointed by Mayor E. H. Moore. On the election of W. T. Gibson as prosecuting attorney in 1899 he again became city solicitor and served in that office until his death.

He was married in 1860 to Miss Dorcas Hitchcock, of Canfield, a class-mate of his at the academy.

She died in December, 1870, leaving two children. In 1871 he married for his second wife Miss Helen A. Warner, of Lorain county, Ohio, another class-mate. She died in 1881,. after having been the mother of four children..

Walter L. Campbell was born in Salem,. Columbiana county, Ohio, November 13, 1842,. a son of John and Rebecca P. (Snodgrass) Campbell. When about five years old, an accidental injury to one of his eyes resulted in a total loss of sight. From. his ninth to his sixteenth year he was an inmate of the Ohio institute for the blind, at Columbus. Here, besides gaining a high standing in the ordinary branches taught, he became proficient on the organ. After leaving the institute he taught music for nearly a year, and then, for the purpose of perfecting his musical education, spent five months at the Pennsylvania Institute for the Blind, at Philadelphia. He next entered the Salem, Ohio, High school, in order to prepare for college. He entered Western Reserve College, at Hudson, Ohio, in 1863, and was graduated in 1867, standing second in his

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class, and delivering the salutatory oration. During his freshman year he took the prize for the best written translation, in Latin. In his sophomore year he took the prize for best English written composition, and at the junior exhibition delivered the philosophical oration. He commenced the study of law with Judge Ambler, of Salem, with whom he remained for a year, and then spent one year at the law school of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was admitted to the bar of Massachusetts, by the supreme court, at Boston, June 17, 1869. Soon after he went to Wyoming territory, which was just then organizing, and of which his brother had been appointed governor. He received the appointment of United States commissioner, and spent some time in the territory engaged in the practice of law. Returning subsequently to Ohio, he was admitted to the bar at Warren, in May, 1873. A year later, not having engaged in practice in Ohio, he purchased an interest in in the Mahoning Register, of Youngstown, and was the editor of that paper, and of other papers which grew out of it, and with which it was consolidated, until January, 1882. He then resumed the practice of law, and continued it up to the time of his death, which occurred in Youngstown early in 1905. For a number of years Mr. Campbell was organist of the First Presbyterian Church of Youngstown. He had a remarkable memory, which enabled him, after listening, to correctly report law testimony, political speeches, etc., which he frequently dictated or reproduced on the typewriter. This faculty was of great service to him in his editorial career. Although totally blind, he was able unattended, and with the aid only of his cane, to visit all parts of the city, turning corners, crossing streets, and -entering doors without hesitation or mistake; and also to make railroad journeys, visiting other cities, and finding his way about with ease and facility, as though he had full possession of his eyesight. He was married, at Youngstown, April 4, 1877, to Miss Helen C. LaGourge, a former resident of Cleveland. He left two children, a son Allen, now a member of the bar of New York City.

Monroe W. Johnson was born in Pymatuning township, Mercer county, Pennsylvania, June 28, 1840, son of William and Hannah (Harris) Johnson. He was educated at Westminster College, Lawrence county, Pennsylvania. At the opening of the Civil War, being then a young man of twenty, he enlisted in Company E, Twenty-third Ohio Volunteers, President Hayes' regiment, and served three years, taking part in the battles of Carnifax Ferry, South Mountain, and Antietam. Being, severely wounded in the last-named engagement he was subsequently discharged for disability. After recovering in part from his wound he re-entered the service and went into the quartermaster's department, and participated in the battle of Gettysburg. In 1867 he came to Lowellville, Mahoning county, Ohio. He read law with T. W. Sanderson at 'Youngstown, and was admitted to the bar at Canfield in 1868. He then began the practice of law in Youngstown, and so continued until his death, which occurred only a few years ago. From 1878 to 1882 he was prosecuting attorney of Mahoning county. He was mar- ried in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in September, 1869, to Henrietta Book, who was born in Poland, Ohio, in 1869. She was a daughter of John Book, a merchant and prominent antislavery man during the period of Abolition agitation. She was herself warmly interested in the same cause, and was a teacher of colored people at Fortress Monroe during the war. He left one child. Henrietta, now the wife of D. F. Anderson of Anderson.

Sidney Strong was born in Strongsville, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, June 12, 1839. He read law with C. N. Olds, of Columbus, Ohio, and was there admitted to the bar in 1867. Shortly after he came to Youngstown and began practice, soon becoming recognized as a very able lawyer. and having a fine office practice. The death of his son, which occurred when the latter was about ten years old, was so severe a blow to him that it caused him to lose much of his interest in his profession and even seemed to affect his own vitality. He soon became a less conspicuous figure in law

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circles, and in 1883 he gave up practice and went to California to regain his health, afterwards going to Asheville, North Carolina, where he died in July, 1885. His wife, to whom he was married December a), 1872, was in maidenhood Miss Mary A. Garlick, of Youngstown. He left one daughter, Ada Strong, now married and residing in Cleveland.

Jared Huxley was born in Ellsworth, Mahoning county, Ohio, July 23, 1840. His father, Socrates L. Huxley, was a native of New Marlborough, Massachusetts. His mother, whose maiden name was Pauline Spaulding, was born in Pomfret, Connecticut. After being graduated from Oberlin College in 1867, he read law with Charles W. Palmer in Cleveland, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar at Norwalk, Huron county, Ohio, April 3, 1871. During the Civil War he was clerk in the quartermaster's department at Nashville, Tennessee, and at Mobile, Alabama. About 1868 he became professor of mathematics and the theory of accounts at the Star City Business College at Lafayette, Indiana, and subsequently for two years, or until his admission to the bar, he held the same position in Felton & Biglow's Business College at Cleveland. He began the practice of law at Canfield, but on the removal of the county seat to Youngstown he came to. this city where he continued in the practice of his profession until his death, which took place about two years ago. He never married.

Albert J. Woolf was born in Berlin township, Mahoning county, Ohio, April 26, 1852. His parents, Jacob and Christina (Reichard) Woolf, were of German descent, the father being a native of Martinsburg, Virginia. Mrs. Jacob Woolf was born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania. Married December 9, 1847, they came to Ohio in May of the following year, setling in Berlin township on the east bank of the Mahoning, nearly opposite the village of Frederick. There they resided until 1861, when they removed to Milton township.

Albert J. Woolf was graduated from Mount Union College in 1876, after a four years' course of study, having completed a commercial course at Hiram College in 1871. During a part of the year 1874, also, he attended Wittenberg College, at Springfield, Ohio. Prior to entering college and during his collegiate course he taught school at intervals in Mahoning county, and also in Johnson county, Missouri. His law studies were pursued in Youngstown, with Van Hyning & Johnston at .Canfield and with C. R. Trues-dale at Youngstown. He was admitted to the bar by the supreme court at Columbus, Ohio, in June, 1878, began the practice of his profession in Youngstown and continued to practice up to the time of his death, which occurred not long ago.

John H. Clark was born at New Lisbon, Ohio, September 18, 1857, a son of John and Melissa (Hessin) Clark. His father was a well known lawyer of New Lisbon, and at one time judge of the Court of Common Pleas. John H. Clark was graduated at the Western Reserve College at Hudson in 1877. Having read law with his father, h.e was admitted to the bar at New Lisbon in 1878, and commenced practice. In April, 1880, he removed to Youngstown, where he purchased an interest in the Vindicator, then a weekly Democratic newspaper, which he engaged in editing and publishing, at the same time practicing law in partnership with Leroy D. Thoman under the firm name of Thoman & Clark. He afterwards removed to Cleveland, Ohio, Where is still engaged in the practice of law, being one of the attorneys for the Nickle Plate Railroad Company. He is well known as one of the most noted and able lawyers of that city. He was one of the promoters of the Youngstown Free Library. He still retains a part interest in the Youngstown Vindicator. He is not married.

Clate A. Smith was born in Canfield, Ohio, in September, 1850, son of Edwin E. and Jane E. (Crane) Smith. When quite young he removed with his parents to Youngstown. He read law with Jones & Murray of this city,

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and being admitted to the bar. at Warren, Ohio, commenced practice. About 1881 he became connected editorially with the Evening News, a daily and weekly newspaper, and subsequently, in chronological succession, with the News-Register, Daily News and Telegram, which succeeded each other in the order named. In 1891 he became city editor of the Y oungsstown Vindicator, which position he still holds. He was married in 1870, to Miss Melinda Myers, daughter of Boston Myers of Youngstown, Ohio. She died, and he married for his second wife, July 10, 1905, Mrs. Catherine Lavoo, the ceremony being performed at Huron, Ohio.

Volney Rogers was born in Middleton, Columbiana county, Ohio, December I, 1846, son of James and Elizabeth D. Rogers. He read law with Andrews & Rogers, at Mt. Gilead, Morrow county, and was admitted to the bar by the supreme court at Columbus, Ohio, in December, 1871. In 1874 he formed a partnership with his brother Disney, under the style of Rogers & Rogers, at Youngstown, which was continued until 1901, when Disney Rogers was elected 'judge of the court of common pleas. In 1878 Mr. Volney Rogers was selected city solicitor of Youngstown, and reelected in 1880. He was the promoter of Mill Creek Park, one of the most extensive and beautiful parks of the country, and from the "beginning 'has been the most active trustee thereof, giving largely of his time and means to its development. He is unmarried.

Hon. Disney Rogers, judge of the court of common pleas, has been a resident of Youngstown since 1874, and prior to assuming his duties on the bench, was a member of the widely known firm of Rogers & Rogers, of this city. He was born at Middleton. Columbiana county, Ohio, December 19, 1844, son of James and Elizabeh D. (Jamieson) Rogers. His father was of Welsh, and his mother of Scotch descent.

After graduating from the public schools of Middleton, and the high school at New Lisbon, Mr. Rogers read law with James L. Smith, at New Lisbon, and was admitted to the bar by the district court at St. Clairsville, Belmont county. Ohio, September 12. 1866. From 1866 until 1874 he was engaged in the practice of his profession at Mt. Gilead, Morrow county, Ohio, in partnership with Judge Bertrand Andrews, under the firm name of Andrews & Rogers. In 1874 he became the law partner of his brother Volney, the style of the firm being Rogers & Rogers. For a number of years this firm maintained a marked reputation before the bar, both members being men of marked ability. In 1901 Disney Rogers was elected to the common pleas bench, a position for which he is admirably fitted, and in 1906 was re-elected to the same position. While residing in Mt. Gilead he was appointed by Judge Sherman, of the United States district court, a commissioner for the northern district of Ohio. He was also president of the Mt. Gilead council for five years. In 1880 he was made chairman of the Republican central committee of Mahoning county. Judge Rogers was married, February 13, 1869, at Mt. Gilead, Ohio, to Ida S. Andrews, a daughter of Hon. Bertrand Andrews, his former law partner.

Hon. Louis W. King was a native of Columbiana county, Ohio, born at Unity, November 24, 1854, son of Eleazer and Margaret (Mollenkopf) King. On his father's side he was of Irish ancestry. His mother, whose ancestors were German, was a daughter of one of the earliest settlers of Unity township. In 1873 Mr. King removed to Canfield, Ohio, where until January, 1875 he officiated as clerk in the office of the probate judge. From that time until February, 1877, he Was assistant to the clerk of the court of common pleas. while holding these offices he studied law with Anderson & Roller, and was subsequently admitted to the bar. In 1877 he began practice as partner of William S. Anderson, in the firm of Anderson & King. Elected probate judge in October, 1881, he commenced his official term February 9, 1882, and served until 1888, being re-elected at the expiration of his first term. He then resumed the practice of law, as a partner of John E. McVey, under the firm

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name of King & McVey, Mr, Harry Robinson being subsequently admitted as a member of the firm. Mr. King died July 14, 1899, He had gained a high professional reputation and his loss was deeply felt throughout the community. He was an ardent supporter of the Republican party, and was prominently connected with the fraternal orders of Elks, Odd Fellows, and Free Masons. At the time of his death he was the senior member of the law firm of King, McVey & Robinson.

tics, supporting only those whom he regarded as worthy candidates, and denouncing wrong measures and false principles wherever found, His wife, in maidenhood, Miss Josephine Swisher, a native of Petersburg, Mahoning county, Ohio, was a woman of literary ability, and at one time wrote for the Youngstown and other Mahoning county papers under the nom de plume of "Rose Wilde," Mr, Butler's father was a first cousin of General B, F, Butler, the noted lawyer, politician, and Civil War General of Massachusetts,

Henry C, Cassidy was born in Butler county, Pennsylvania, February 22, 1856, son of Charles and Mary (McGillop) Cassidy. His father was a native of Ireland, his mother of Tyrone. Blair county, Pennsylvania, He removed with his parents to Youngstown, Ohio, in November, 1858, Graduated from Notre Dame University, Indiana, he read law with Moses & Arrel of Youngstown, was admitted to the bar at Columbus, Ohio, in May, 1880, and began practice in Youngstown. He was a man of more than ordinary talent, and an able young lawyer, He was postmaster of Youngstown during the second term of President Cleveland, He subsequently removed to Denver, Colorado, and thence to Cripple Creek, where he is now engaged in the practice of law, and is a prominent citizen of that place,

John J, Butler was born in Cambridge, Mass,, January 9, 1848, He attended school there until the age of sixteen, when he enlisted in the army, sing under General Myer in the signal corps, He was present at the passage of the forts in Mobile Bay, and assisted in the reduction of Mobile City under General Canby. From the close of the war until 1867 he resided in his native city, He then engaged in the oil business in Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1875, and in the meanwhile was admitted to the bar in Warren county, that state. He returned to Boston in 1878 with the intention of spending the remainder of his days there, but the climate proving too severe for the health of his wife, he removed to Youngstown, Ohio, where he engaged in the practice of law, He was independent in poli-

Robert B, Murray was born in Youngstown, Ohio, March 6, 1843, son of Ira and Hannah (Carothem) Murray, He attended the public schools of this city, was a student at Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania, and afterwards attended Ann Arbor University, Michigan, for about two years, Six years of his life were devoted to teaching, during which he was principal of the Union School at Mercer, Pennsylvania, and of the academy, at Meadville, Pennsylvania. He pursued the study of law at intervals, and was admitted to the bar at Canfield, in September, 1867. He at once began practice in Youngstown, and continued alone until 1870, when he entered into partnership with Asahel W, Jones, under the name of Jones & Murray, This connection was subsequently dissolved and Mr, Murray resumed private practice,

Mr, Murray was married in 1872 to Miss Sophia Bond, of Genessee, New York, She died November 19, 1895. January S0, 1897, he married for his second wife, Wealthy A, Darby, of Meadville, Pennsylvania, A fuller biography of Mr, Murray may be found on another page of this volume,

Hon, George F. Arrel of the firm of Arrel, Wilson & Harrington, was born in Poland township, October 1, 1840, His parents were David and Martha (Moore) Arrel, both born in Poland, the father on May 6, 1803, Mr, Arrel's grandparents were among the earliest settlers of Mahoning county, George F, Arrel's literary education was obtained at New Wilmington College, Lawrence county, Penn-

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sylvania, where he was graduated in 1865. He read law with Francis E. Hutchins at Warren, Ohio, and afterwards attended the law department of Albany University, where he was graduated in 1867, After being admitted to the bar at Canfield, Ohio, in August of that year, he removed to Youngstown, where he has since resided, engaged in the practice of his profession, For some time he was in partnership with Halsey H, Moses, under the firm name of Moses & Arrel, In July, 1870, Mr, Arrel was elected city solicitor of Youngstown, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation and removal from the city of Joseph Harris, and was re-elected for every successive term until 1878, when he declined a further reelection, Appointed judge of the court of common pleas in September, 1880, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Judge E. B, Taylor, he was elected at the annual election in October, 1880, for the remainder of Judge Taylor's term ; and was re-elected in October, 1881, for the full term of five years, On retiring from the bench he resumed his law practice, which has included much railroad and corporation work, Since January 1, 1906, he has been a member of the well known law firm of Arrel, Wilson & Harrington, Mr, Arrel was married October 18, 1876, to Miss Grace Tod, a daughter of Governor David Tod, He has two children, David and Frances M, Further biographical mention of Mr, Arrel may be found on another page of this volume,

Charles R, Truesdale was born in Boardman, Mahoning county, Ohio, September 15, 1841, His father, Alexander Truesdale, was a native of Washington county, Pennsylvania; his mother, Harriet (Leach) Truesdale, was born in Morristown, New Jersey, As a member of Company E, Second Ohio Cavalry, he served in the Civil War from July, 1861, to July, 1865, taking part in many of the most important battles, He was graduated at the Western Reserve College in 1871, and read law with Taylor & Jones at Warren, Ohio, where he was admitted to the bar in April, 1872.

In 1875 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Mahoning county and held the office for two years, He has since continued in the practice of his profession in Youngstown and is well known to all its members as an able lawyer.

He was married in Youngstown, June 19, 1872, to Miss Louisa M, Jacobs, of Youngstown, A more extended mention of Mr, Truesdale may be fount: elsewhere in this work,

William J. Lawthers was born in Leesville, Carroll county, Ohio, October 17, 1837, His father, Col. Garvin Lawthers, was of Scotch and Irish descent, and an able physician; his mother, whose maiden name was Price, was of Scotch and Welsh descent, He was educated in the public schools of his native place, He served several months in the Civil War, being discharged at Zanesville, Ohio, in December, 1864, After having read law with R. E, Knight of Cleveland, he was admitted to the bar in Carrollton, Ohio, in 1866, He began practice there, but removed in the spring of 1868 to Youngstown, where he has since resided, engaged in law practice, He has been in partnership at different times with H, B, Case, William G, Moore, and James P, Wilson, In 1876 he was admitted to the bar of the United States, at Cleveland, Ohio, From 1880 to 1884 he was mayor of the city of Youngstown, Mr. Lawthers was married at Cleveland, Ohio, September 20, 1870, to Miss Josephine Wilson, daughter of Captain William Wilson, of that city, and niece of Hon, David Wilson of Youngstown,

Mason Evans was born November 24, 1849, in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, He was a son of Owen Evans, who was born in Montgomery county, that state, but who spent most of his life in Philadelphia, where he died in 1859, Mr, Evans' mother, whose name in maidenhood was Sarah Roe, was a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, Mr, Evans was graduated from the law department of the University of Pennsylvania in the class of

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1869, and was admitted to the bar at Philadelphia November 30, 1870, In September of the following year he removed to Youngstown, and in 1875 he was admitted to the bar of Ohio at Warren, He was for some time in partnership with General Thomas W, Sanderson, under the style of Sanderson & Evans. On the organization of the Commercial National Bank in 1881, Mr, Evans retired from the practice of law to become cashier of that institution, and so remained until January, 1906, when he was elected president of the bank, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of George M. McKelvey, This office he has since retained. Mr, Evans was married at Youngstown, June 8, 1876, to Miss Lucy E, Gerwig, daughter of Frederick Gerwig, A more extended biographical mention of Mr, Evans may be found on another page of this volume,

Cecil D. Hine was born in Hubbard, Trumbull county, Ohio, August 3, 1849, His father, Samuel Hine, was a native of Youngstown, and son of Homer Hine, one of the earliest lawyers on the Reserve, Samuel married Ellen L. Montgomery, of Coitsville, daughter of Robert Montgomery, who, as early as 1806, built and operated in Poland a furnace for making iron.

Cecil D. Hine was educated at the Western Reserve College, which he attended up to the beginning of his senior year, He subsequently received from the college the degree of A. M. After reading law for two years with Taylor & Jones at Warren, Ohio, he was there admitted to the bar, April. 15, 1872. Not long afterwards he commenced practice in Youngstown, where he has since resided. He is now a member of the firm of Hine, Kennedy & Robinson, one of the strongest law firms in Youngstown, and is a lawyer of exceptional ability. Mr. Hine married Miss Elizabeth W. Woodruff, October 9, 1872, Further biographical mention of Mr, Hine may be found elsewhere in this volume,

Moses H. Burky was born in Berlin, Mahoning ccunty, Ohio, September 15, 1846, a son of Jacob and Catherine Burky, His parents were of German ancestry, He pursued the study of law with F, G, Servis and G, Van Hyming, at Canfield, Ohio, and was there admitted to the bar, April 19, 1869, Beginning practice in Canfield, he remained there until August, 1876, when he removed to Youngstown, where he has since resided, From April to October, 1870, he was in partnership with W, S, Anderson, under the firm name of Burky & Anderson, Since October, 1899, he has had as partner his son, A, E, Burky, the style. of the firm being Burky & Burky, Mr, Burky was mayor of Canfield from April, 1871, to April, 1875, He was married October 23, 1870, to Miss Mary A, Burky, of Berlin, Ohio.

William S. Anderson was born at North Jackson, Mahoning county, Ohio, December 31, 1847, son of David and Hannah L, (Shaw) Anderson, He studied law with Hutchins & Glidden of Warren, Ohio, and was there admitted to the bar, April 7, 1870, shortly afterwards beginning practice in Canfield. In 1877 he removed to Youngstown, where he formed a law partnership with Louis R, King, which lasted until February, 1882, when Mr, King commenced his term as probate judge, October 6, 1864, he was married to Miss Louisa M. Shields, of Boardman, Ohio, A more complete biographical sketch of Mr, Anderson may be found elsewhere in this volume,

William T, Gibson was born in Youngstown, Ohio, December 20, 1850, His father, Samuel Gibson, was born in Youngstown, March 17, 1819, son of a pioneer settler here. Samuel married Nancy J. Gault, who was born in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, September 25, 1825, William T, Gibson was graduated from the Rayen School at Youngstown, June 20, 1872, and from the Western Reserve College, at Hudson, Ohio, June 25, 1876. He read law with George F. Arrel of Youngstown, and was admitted to the bar at Warren, Ohio, September 3, 1878, He has since resided in Youngstown, engaged in the practice

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