AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 325 He was an able physician, and originated a new method of treating typhoid fever, which caused a considerable stir in the profession, but which is now little used, He died in Germany in 1900 of consumption, while endeavoring to introduce his method of treatment into the hospitals there, His wife, who in maidenhood was Miss Carlyn C, Price of Detroit, Michigan, had fallen a victim not long before to the same fell disease, William H, McGranaghan, M. D., of the medical firm of McGranaghan & Blaine, is a native of Maysville, Kentucky, and son of Dr. W. H. McGranaghan, one of the pioneer homeopathic physicians west of the Allegheny mountains. He was graduated from Center College at Danville, Kentucky, with the degree of A. M., and received his medical degree at Hahnemann College in Philadelphia, which was named after the father of homeopathy, At the age of twenty-one years Dr, McGranaghan came to Youngstown and has since practiced medicine here with remarkable success, He is obliged to devote a part of his time to out-of-town consultations, and it is doubtful if any physician in Youngstown has a larger individual following, The doctor is one of the best known citizens in the Mahoning valley, and it is claimed for him that he has taken part in more charitable entertainments than any other resident, He is a member of the Elks and other social organizations, and no gathering of his associates is considered complete unless he is present, Myron S, Clark, M. D., was born at Gallipolis, Ohio, October 9, 1840, His parents, P. P. and Sarah E, (Barber) Clark, were natives of Massachusetts, and were descended from old colonial stock, They came to Ohio in 1834, and for some years resided on a farm in Portage county, where Mrs, Sarah Clark died in 1859. The father subsequently contracted a second marriage and removed to Fulton county. Myron S. Clark, after attending an academy at Freedom, Ohio, became a student at Hiram College, of which James A. Garfield, afterwards President, was then principal, and which he attended at intervals from 1855 to 1861, his winters being occupied in teaching. Graduated in the year last named, he enlisted in the Forty-first Regiment Ohio National Guard,. of which he was made corporal, He served out his term of enlistment, and in the winter of 1863-64 attended medical lectures at Michigan University, He then re-enlisted in the army, this time in the One Hundred and Seventy-first Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was commissioned hospital steward, and served until August, 1864, when he was honorably discharged,. At Cynthiana, Kentucky, he was taken prisoner, but was subsequently re-captured by Union troops, Again entering Michigan University, he resumed his medical studies, and was graduated from the university in March, 1865, He first practiced for short periods in Austintown, Warren, and Bristolville, after which, in 1873, he came to Youngstown, where he has since remained, engaged in the practice of medicine, He is a popular physician, well versed in his profession, and enjoys a lucrative practice, He is at present serving as vice-president of the Board of Health, and as one of the United States pension examiners at Youngstown. He is a prominent member of the Grand Army of the-Republic, the Independent Order of Odd lows, the Foresters, and the Sons of St, George, He was married, in 1867, at Hiram, Ohio, to Miss Hettie J, Smith, daughter of Rev, John T, and Esther (Cheney) Smith, A separate sketch of Mrs. Clark, as also of the doctor, appears elsewhere in this volume, James A. Sherbondy, M. D., was born in Jamestown, Pennsylvania, August 25, 1877, son of Philip H, and Sarah A, Sherbondy, His medical education was acquired in the medical department of the Western Reserve University, from which he was graduated M, D, in 1902. He has since practiced in Youngstown, where he is associated in partnership with Drs. A. M. and C. R. Clark, and is now recognized as one of the most able among the younger members of the profession, He is a member of the County, State and National Medical associations. Addison M. Clark, M. D., was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, of which. place his father, Dr, Matthew H. Clark, was a 326 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY prominent physician. He was graduated in 1877 from the Washington and Jefferson Medical College at Washington, Pennsylvania, and then entered the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, from which he received the degree of M. D. in March, 1880. He then spent a year as resident physician and surgeon in the Western Pennsylvania Hospital at .Pittsburg, and came to Youngstown in the spring of 1881. For about a year, 1890-91, he was associated with Dr. H. A. Zimmerman. Since 1900 he has been in partnership with his nephew, Dr. C. R. Clark, and since 1904, Dr. J. A. Sherbondy has also been a member of the firm. They are physicians and surgeons to the Pittsburg & Lake Erie Railroad, and Dr. A. M. Clark is also one of the surgeons of the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore & Ohio Railroads. Dr. Clark is a prominent member of the Elks and the Free Masons, in which latter order he has attained to the 32d degree. He belongs to several social clubs, and is also a member of the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce. Dr. Clark was one of the promoters of the City Hospital, giving largely of his time and efforts to make it a great success. He is still connected therewith. Milton V. Cunningham, M. D., Was born in 1869 at Grove City, Mercer county, Pennsylvania. He was educated in the public schools and at Grove City College, and was engaged in teaching school at intervals for a number of years. He then entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Chicago, where he obtained his medical degree in 1894. Beginning practice in Youngstown, he has since remained a resident of that city, being now recognized as one of its leading medical practitioners. He was in partnership for a short time with Dr. John Woodbridge, and afterward with Dr. Dickson. He is a member of the County and State Medical Associations, and also belongs to the Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, and the Youngstown Club. William M. Blaine, M. D., of the well-known medical firm of McGranaghan & Blaine, was born in 1873, at Marysville, Kentucky, son of John E. Blaine. His grandfather, Samuel Blaine, was an uncle, on the paternal side, of the great departed statesman, James G. Blaine. The subject of this sketch acquired his literary education in the public schools and under private tutors, subsequently beginning the study of medicine. In 1895 he was graduated M. D. at the Cincinnati Medical College, and afterwards took a post-graduate course in New York city. Coming to Youngstown, he formed a business association with Dr. W. H. McGranaghan, which has lasted up to the present time and has proved very successful. Dr. Blaine belongs to the Ohio State Homeopathic Medical Society, the northeastern Ohio College and the American Institute of Homeopathy. Further biographical mention of the doctor may be found elsewhere in this work. Sidney McCurdy, M. D., a rising young physician of Youngstown, is a native of Massachusetts, and son of Matthew S. McCurdy, who is engaged in educational work in that state. After being graduated from Dartmouth College, he entered the Western Reserve University, where he obtained his medical degree in 1903. He immediately began practice in Youngstown, where he has already built up an enviable reputation as an able physician and surgeon. Besides having an extensive private practice he is assistant surgeon for several large corporations. He is a member of the State and County Medical societies. Benjamin F. Hawn, M. D., was born at North Lima, Mahoning county, Ohio, July 4, 1848, son of Nathan and Catharine Hawn. His father, who was a physician also, settled in North Lima in 1846. Young Hawn attended the district schools and was a student for three years at Poland (Ohio) Academy. He taught school for several years, during which time he was engaged in the study of medicine. He finished his course of reading with his father and elder brother, Amos, and pursued further medical studies at the University of Michigan, subsequently becoming a student also at Bellevue Medical College, New York, from which he was graduated in 1873. After practicing for a while at Newton Falls, Trumbull county, AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 329 he came in 1874 to Youngstown, where he has since remained, engaged in the practice of medicine. He belongs to the I. O. O. F. He was married in May, 1871, to Ella N. Robins, of Trumbull county, Ohio. They are the parents of one son, Frank S., who was born in 1874. John J. Thomas, M. D., is a native of England, son of Rev. John M. Thomas, a Congregational minister. He was brought to America when an infant of but six months, and was reared and educated in New York city. His medical education was acquired at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, where he obtained his diploma in 1881. After practicing his profession for a short time in Pennsylvania he came to Youngstown, of which city he has now been a resident for twenty-four years. He is a member of the State and County Medical Societies, member of the consulting board of the Youngstown City Hospital, lecturing on obstetrics, and from 1891 to 1906 he was city police surgeon. In 1881 he married Mary Davis, and they are the parents of three children—Arthur, Helen and Louise. Harry E. Welch, M. D., health officer of Youngstown, since 1893, was born in this city in 1861. His father, Anthony Welch, who was a native of Mercer county, Pennsylvania, came to Youngstown about 1858, and helped to establish some of the great iron and steel industries here. He is still living and a resident of Youngstown. Harry E. Welch was graduated from the public schools of Youngstown, including the High School, and in 1885 received his medical degree from Western Reserve University. In the winter of 1885-86 he took a post-graduate course at the University of Pennsylvania, and in the following year went to Europe to acquire more advanced knowledge in the hospital clinics of Berlin and Vienna. On his return he engaged in the practice of his profession in Youngstown, where he has since had a successful career. He is a member of the County, State and National Medical associations, and has served as president of the first named. He has been coroner of Mahoning county, 1892-93, is surgeon for the Erie Railroad, and is a member of the medical staff of the Youngstown City Hospital. Dr. Welch was married in June, 1899, to Adelaide Winsper, daughter of Henry Winsper of Youngstown. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias and Free Masons, and in the latter order has attained to the commandery. Howell C. Davies, M. D., who has been established in Youngstown for the past eight years, was born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in July, 1875. After being graduated from the Pittsburg High School, he entered upon the study of medicine and received his diploma from the medical department of the Western Reserve University in 1897. He subsequently took post-graduate courses at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, and at the New York Polyclinics. In 1899 he settled" in Youngstown, where he has met with gratifying success. He is a member of the County and State Medical Associations. Dr. Davies has other business interests besides those pertaining to his profession, and he is a member in good standing of the fraternal orders of Free Masonry and Odd Fellowship. In 1902 he was married to Elizabeth Tarr of Lisbon, Ohio. H. W. Ferry, M. D., is one of the more recent additions to the ranks of the medical profession in Youngstown, having begun practice here in 1906. He was born February 9, 1879, in Washington, D. C. His literary education was obtained in the University of Iowa, and he was graduated in medicine from the University of Illinois in 1904. Before coming to Youngstown he practiced his profession for a while in Texas. Renwick H. Montgomery, M. D., was born at Grove City, Pennsylvania, in 1862. He attended Grove City College, and afterwards studied medicine in the University of New York, where he was graduated in the class of 1887. After practicing for some five years in Lowellville, this county, he removed in 1892, to Youngstown, where he has since resided. He is president of the County Medical Society, a member of the State Medical Society, and also of the National Medical Association. Jared E. Cone, M. D., was born at Cones- 330 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY ville, Iowa, in 1856. He was educated in the public schools and at the University of Iowa, where he remained .until his sophomore year. He was subsequently graduated from the medical department of the same college, and began practice in Brule county, South Dakota, where he remained for several years. After looking for a more eastern location, he selected Youngstown, of which place he soon after became a prominent citizen. In. 1898 and again in 1900 he was elected a member of the Board of Education, and in that office found congenial employment outside of his profession. He died at his home on North avenue, in September, 1905, widely 'regretted as well by his medical confreres as. by the citizens of Youngstown generally. He served at different times as treasurer and president of the Mahoning County Medical Society, and belonged to the State and National Associations. He was also examiner for several of the leading life insurance companies. He stood high in Free Masonry, being a prominent member of the commandery, and was an active member of the First Christian Church. He was married in 1880 to Lucy A. Simon, daughter of David Simon of Youngstown. He and his wife were the parents of three -children. John Deetrick, M. D., was born in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, March 7, 1844, son of Jonas and Ann Jane (Smith) Deetrick. He was educated in the public schools of Pittsburg, including the High School, and read medicine under T. C. Wallace of Allegheny City. In 1870 he was graduated from the Homeopathic College at. St. Louis, and two years later from the Hahnemann Homeopathic College at Chicago, Illinois. He began practice in Chicago, where, however, he remained but six months, going thence to Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania, for a residence of five and a half years. He afterwards practiced in the city of Washington for one year. He then took an addendum degree at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at St. Louis, subsequent to which he practiced five years in Petrolia, Pennsylvania. In 1882 he came to Youngstown, where he is a highly esteemed member of the :medical profession, being recognized as an able specialist in abdominal surgery. In November, 1869, he married Lizzie Park, daughter of James and Lucinda Park, of Butler county, Pennsylvania. James A. Dickson, M. D., was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, July 26, 1858, son of William and Hetty (Niswonger) Dickson. The father, a clergyman in the Presbyterian Church, came to Mahoning county with his parents, settling in Canfield. He was graduated.. from Poland (Ohio) Union Seminary, and afterwards attended Mt. Union College. until his senior year. Then returning home he continued his studies under his father's direction. In 1879 he entered the medical department of Michigan University, and was graduated after a four years' course in 1883. He practiced medicine five years at Mt. Jackson, Pennsylvania, and in the fall of 1888, went to Philadelphia, where he took a postgraduate course, also receiving private instruction in gynecology from Drs. Price and Goodell. He came to Youngstown in the spring of 1889 and has here built up an extensive private practice. He makes a specialty of abdominal surgery, and has performed numerous successful operations. September 18, 1882, he was married to Clara A., daughter of Emery and Elizabeth Clark, of Poland, Ohio: He is still in active practice. John S. Cunningham, M. D., was born on his father's farm in Lawrence county, Pennsylvania, February 4, 1833, son of Joseph and Janet (McGregor) Cunningham;. Both his parents are natives of Pennsylvania. At the age of fifteen he became a student at Poland Academy, and afterwards taught country school. When nineteen years. old he entered Allegheny College, at Meadville, Pennsylvania, where he remained three years. He then began the study of medicine under Dr. John Wallace of New Castle, Pennsylvania., afterwards attended medical lectures in Cleveland and Cincinnati, and in 1860 was graduated At a at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. He began his professional career at Plain Grove, Pennsylvania, remaining there two years. He then came to Youngstown, where, with the exception of two years AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 331 spent in Marietta, he resided until his death, which occurred July 3, 1893. He was a man who was held in the highest esteem, not only for his skill as a physician, but also for his many fine attributes as a man and citizen. He lent an earnest hand to every practical movement for the moral and social betterment of the community; he never shirked a duty, or grudged his time, money, or personal effort, in behalf of a worthy cause. He served for six years on the Board of Health, and was for sixteen years an active and useful member of the School Board. He also served efficiently in the City Council. A Republican from the organization of the party, he never failed to vote at an election until the day before his death. He was jail physician for a number of years, and also served for a while as county coroner. He was a charter member of the Mahoning Medical Society. His remarks on medical topics were founded on deep scientific knowledge, combined with personal experience, and were listened to with interest by his professional brethren. He married, in 1889, Mrs. William (Sheeby) Kerr, widow of the late William Kerr, and daughter of Lucius NI. and Julia A. Bedell Sheeby. Carlos C. Booth, M. D., was born December 1, 1861, in Trumbull county, Ohio, son of Dunham P. and Hannah H. (Andrews) Booth. He began the study of medicine about 1879, with Dr. O. M. Bailey of Greensburg, and was graduated, in 1883, from the medical department of the Western Reserve University at Cleveland. After practicing for some years in Greensburg and North Jackson, he came, in 1888, to Youngstown, where he has since followed his profession. Silas Schiller, M. D., was born in Petersburg, Mahoning county, Ohio, June 3, 1846.. He comes of the same stock as the famous German poet, Schiller, and is a descendant of John G. Schiller, born in Germany in 1769, who emigrated with his family to America in 1812, settling- in that part of Columbiana county which is now included within the limits of Mahoning county. Silas Schiller acquired his education in the public schools, at Mahoning Academy, Canfield, Ohio, and at the Union Seminary at Poland; Ohio. He began teaching at sixteen years of age and followed the same occupation at intervals for five years. In 1867 he began reading medicine, which study he pursued for some time in Columbus, Ohio. He graduated at the Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, in the class of 1870. After practicing his profession for about a year at New Middletown, Ohio, he removed to North Lima, of which place he remained a resident until 1895. During this period—in 1883—he took a post-graduate course in New York City. Coming to Youngstown in 1895, he has since practiced his profession in this city. He is a man of high standing in the medical circles, and was president of the Ohio State Medical Association in 1902. He also belongs to the State and National Eclectic Medical Associations. He married in 1871, Mary E. Welker, daughter of John Welker, of New Middletown, Ohio. He and his wife have been the parents of four children--Charles F., Dorothy, who married Rev. Virgil Boyer of Marietta; Hawley H., and Grace G. Dr. Schiller is affiliated fraternally with St. John's Commandery, K. T., and with the Elks. Harmon E. Blott, M. D., was born at North Jackson, Mahoning county, Ohio, April 2, 1865, son of John and Amanda (Carver) Mott, the father being a native of Pennsylvania and of German ancestry. Dr. Blott prepared himself for a medical career in the medical department of the Western Reserve University, where he was graduated M. D. March 28, 1888. In the following August he began practice in Youngstown, and has since been very successful. He belongs to the County, State and National Medical associations. A Republican politically, he was elected coroner in 1901 by a large majority. He is a member of several fraternal societies, including the Elks, Free Masons, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, and Golden Eagles. In 1888 he married Miss Cora Strouse, daughter of Josiah and Caroline Strouse. He has three children—Myron S., Caroline S., and Edgar M. William T. Whan, M. D.., homeopathist, 332 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY was born at Wampum, Pennsylvania, May 20, 1860. He was graduated from the Cleveland Medical College March 17, 1897. He began practice at Columbiana, Ohio, afterwards removed to Heppner, Oregon, where he remained for one year, and then, returning east, settled in Youngstown, Ohio, where he is now engaged in the general practice of medicine. Charles D. Hauser, M. D., was born at Girard, Ohio, June 11, 1875, son of David and Mary (Bixler) Hauser. He studied medicine at the University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, where he was graduated in 1896. He began practice at Youngstown, Ohio, in June, 1897, and has since remained here, his office being located at 224 North Phelps street. He is a member of the Mahoning County Medical Society, the Ohio State Medical Society, and the American Medical Association. Though engaged in general practice he gives special attention to surgery. Cooper F. McBride was born at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, March 23, 1851, son of Alexander S. and Maria A. (McKee) McBride. The home of his parents was in Butler county, Pennsylvania, their residence in Harrisburg at the time of his birth being but temporary. He was reared in Butler county and educated in the public schools and at Witherspoon Institute. He read medicine with Dr. A. M. Neyman of Butler, and subsequently entered the University of Pennsylvania, from the medical department of which he was graduated March 12, 1875. He began practice at Butler, where he remained until May, 1877, going thence to Harrisville in the same county, where he was in partnership with Dr. J. H. Elrick until the fall of 1879. He then removed to Fairview, that county, and in May, 1882, to Youngstown, Ohio. Here he opened a drug store, which he has since conducted, besides being engaged in the practice of his profession. He is a member of the Butler county (Pennsylvania) Medical Society and the Pennsylvania State Medical Society. He has been a delegate to the Ohio State Medical Society, and is eligible to membership in the National Medical Society. He was married in May, 1876, to Miss Fanny E. Borard, daughter of George Borard of Manorville, Pennsylvania. He has three children —George B., Frank F., and Helen Irene. George S. Peck, M. D., who has practiced medicine in Youngstown for the past thirty years, was born in Akron, Ohio, July 16, 1851. He was graduated from the high school of his native city, and then found employment with the Akron Forge Works, where he remained for five years. He began the study of medicine in 1873 in the medical department of Wooster University, and the Western Reserve Medical College, at Cleveland, Ohio, and was graduated M. D. in March, 1876. He was then house surgeon for eighteen months at St. Vincent's Hospital; Cleveland. He subsequently attended medical clinics in London,. Edinburg, Vienna, and Paris. He began the practice of his profession in Youngstown in April, 1877, and has since remained a resident of this city. He has been attending surgeon at the Youngstown Hospital, and surgeon to the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, the National Steel Company, and other manufacturing concerns. His practice is limited to surgery and gynecology. He is a Member of the American Medical Society, the Ohio State (Sixth District), and the Mahoning County and other medical societies. He was married, in 1886, to Miss Emeline E. Arms, daughter of Myron J. Arms, and has two sons—Warner A., and George. He is a member of St. John's Commandery, K. T. Ephraim M. Ilgenfritz, M. D., was born of pioneer stock in the village of New Middletown, Mahoning county, December 14, 1855, son of Frederick and Elizabeth (Miller) Ilgenfritz. He is great-grandson of a Hessian soldier who came to America in the employ of Great Britain during the Revolutionary war. Captured by the Americans, he learned from them the true cause of the quarrel, cast in his lot with them. and fought in behalf of Independence, after the war was over receiving a government grant of 100 acres of land in Pennsylvania. He died at Little York, that state, at an advanced age. The subject AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 333 of this sketch was educated in the public schools of his native place, where he remained until he was twenty-three years of age. He then became a student at Poland Seminary, and afterwards taught school one term in Springfield township. He began to read med-icine at New Middletown in 1875, and sub-sequently entered the Eclectic Institute at Cin-cinnati, Ohio, from which he was graduated January 24, '878. Beginning practice at Edinburg, Pennsylvania, on March 4, 1878, he remained there until April, 1887. On September 13th of that year he came to Youngs-town, and has since been numbered among the progressive members of the medical fraternity in this city. He is a member of the Ohio Eclectic, and Northeastern Eclectic Medical So-cieties. He was a member of the Medical Auxiliary Committee at the World's Fair in 1893. In July, 1896, he married Miss Grace Black of Youngstown. Frank S. Merwin, M. D., was born at Nelson, Portage county, September, 1868, son of Van Buren and Sarah A. (Dilley) Merwin. He was educated in the schools of Portage and Trumbull counties, and at the high school in Youngstown, from which he was graduated in 1886, He was graduated from the Western Reserve University at Cleveland in 1893, and has been in general practice in Youngstown as physician and surgeon. He is a member of the State and County Medical societies, and is a constant student of everything connected with his profession. In politics he is a Republican. He belongs to various fraternal societies. He was married, in 1894, to Miss Mary Barcley, who, died in 1896, leaving a son—Clayton B. Dr. Merwin was again married, in November, 1900, to Miss Nellie Turner, daughter of Edward H. Turner of Youngstown. Howard B. Hills, M. D., was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, June 29, 1849, son of, Townsend and Eliza (Cochran) Hills. He received a good literary education, and was graduated M, D, at the Pulte (Homeopathic) Medical College in 1888, He began the practice of his profession at Cincinnati, where he remained for three years, during which time he was ad- - 19 - junct professor in the eye, nose, ear, and throat clinic of Pulte Medical College. He is widely recognized as a specialist in diseases of these organs and has practiced as such in Youngstown since 1891. He is a close student, and a frequent contributor of articles. to medical journals. Though a homeopathist, he recognizes no strict line separating the systems, but avails himself of all scientific means of curing disease. He is a member of the Mahoning County Medical Society, the Ohio State Medical Society, and the Arnerican Medical Association; also of the Society of the United States Pension Examining Surgeons. He has. served as president of the staff of Ma-honing Valley Hospital. He was married, in 1881, to Miss Alice D. Smith, daughter of George A. Smith of Mt. Auburn, Ohio. John B. Kotheimer, M. D., was born in Rheinhessen, Germany, April 14, 1862, son of Frederick A. and Anna M. (Ruppert) Kotheimer. He was given a good education in his native land, graduating from the University of Giessen, from which he received a medical degree. In 1883 he came to America, accompanied by a brother and sister. He. settled in Cleveland, Ohio, where he learned the English language, and was graduated from the medical department of Wooster Uni-versity in February, 1885. In the same year he began practice at Brier Hili, Youngstown; of which city he has since remained a resident. He is a member of the Mahoning County and the Ohio State Medical Societies, and has. served as a member of the Board of Education. and as United States Pension Examining Surgeon for the past sixteen years. He was married, in 1886, to Miss Amelia Deibel, daughter of Christopher Deibel of Youngstown. William P. Love, M. D., was born in Poland township, Mahoning county, Ohio, in 1870. He was educated at the Northwestern Ohio Normal College, at Canfield, Ohio, Volunt Academy, Pennsylvania, and Grove City College, Pennsylvania, where he was graduated from the classical and military departments in 1893. One of the three honor men in the military department, he was recommended to the adjutant-general of Penn- 334 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY sylvania and to the adjutant-general of the United States army as a distinguished cadet. As an officer in the cadet corps he saw actual service at the time of the Homestead strike. In the fall of 1893 he began his medical education in the college at Baltimore, and in 1896 was graduated from the medical department of the Western Reserve College at Cleveland. Still later, to perfect his medical education, he took courses at the post-graduate college at New York, the New York Polyclinic, and the Philadelphia Polyclinic. He came to Youngstown in November, 1896. In August, 1897, he was appointed captain and assistant surgeon in the Fifth Infantry, O. N. G. May 4, 1898, he was promoted to the rank of major and surgeon of the same regiment. Five days later he was commissioned as surgeon of the Fifth Regiment, with the rank of major, and served in camp with that command at Tampa and Fernandina, Florida, until September 9th of the same year. The rest of the doctor's military record may be found elsewhere in this volume. He is an active member of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States. Daniel H. Arterholt, M. D., was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, April 18, 1838. He first studied medicine at Hartford, Connecticut, and he received his medical degree at Philadelphia in 1864. He has been a member of the medical fraternity of Youngstown since 1897. He is a member of the Northeastern Eclectic Society. Jay H. Radley was born at Paw Paw, Illinois, October 16, 1863. His medical education was acquired at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Chicago, Illinois, which now forms the medical department of the University of Illinois, and he was graduated from that institution February 26, 1889. He began practice at Hinckley, Illinois, and afterwards followed his profession for some time in Brooklyn and New York City, before settling in Youngstown. Edward Brinkerhoff was horn at Grand View, Edgar county, Illinois, August 26, 1861. He read medicine at Dudley, Illinois, and was subsequently graduated M. D. at a Cincinnati Medical College in June, 1886. Be began practice at Bristolville, Ohio, coming to Youngstown about one year ago. He took a post-graduate course in Chicago in 1895, and another in New York City in 1905. He is a member of the Northeastern Eclectic Medical Society, also of the Trumbull county Medical Society, and has held the office of United States pension examiner at Warren, that county. Dr. Brinkerhoff has lately left Youngstown, but contemplates returning at an early date. Thomas A. Burneson, M. D., was born in Beaver county, Pennsylvania, February 11, 1861. He was educated at Pearsol's Academy, Edinboro, Pennsylvania, and was graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College. at Philadelphia, in May, 1897. Before coming to Youngstown he practiced for a while at Mansfield and at Savannah, Ohio. He is engaged in general practice, giving special attention to dermatology. James Allen Cross, M. D. was horn in Toronto, Canada, October 18, 1865. He studied medicine in Toronto and also in London, England, and was graduated M. D. at Toronto in 1888. He began practice at Martoa, Victoria, Australia, and afterwards followed his profession for a while at Cape Colony. Since locating in Youngstown he has been engaged in general practice. Dr. Cross is a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of London, England. Victor V. Wick, M. D., Was born in Coitsville, Mahoning county, Ohio, May 21. 1876. He pursued the study of medicine at Geneva College, Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, where he was graduated B. S. in 1897, and at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, where he received his degree of M. D. in 1900. He is a member of Mahoning County Medical Society, and of Prof. H. A. Hare Medical Society. Philadelphia.. Thomas J. Arundel, M. D., was born at Auburn. Cayuga county. New York, July 4, 1868. He was graduated M. D. at the Albany Medical College, Union University, Albany, New York, in 1897. and took a post-graduate course at London, England, in 1904. He has AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 355 been engaged in the practice of his profession in Youngstown since July, 1897. He is a member of the Mahoning County Medical Society, and the Ohio State and American Medical Associations. He was treasurer of the local organization in 1906-07. Julia March-Baird, M. D., was born at New Franklin, Stark county, Ohio, March 17, 1864. Dr. Baird received her literary education at Mt. Union College, Alliance, Ohio, being graduated in the class of 1887. On May 8, 1896, she was graduated from the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, and began practice at Boston, Massachusetts, where she was resident physician in the New England Hospital for women and children. She is engaged in general practice, with special attention to the diseases of women and children. She is a member of the Mahoning county, Northeastern Ohio, Union Medical, and State Medical Societies Lebanon U. Howard, M. D., was born in Ellsworth, Mahoning county, Ohio, February 24, 1859. He is a member of one of the oldest families in the county, his grandfather having settled in Poland township in 1803, and removed to Ellsworth in 1816. He was graduated from the Ohio Normal University in 1883. and has the degree of M. S. from that institution. He studied medicine at the Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, where he was graduated March 1, 1893. After practicing for a while in Parkman, Ohio, he came to Youngstown, where he has since followed his profession. He is a member of the County Medical Society. Robert H. Barnes, born in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, in 1845, was graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in. 187o. He began practice at Wheatland, Pennsylvania was afterwards a physician in Coal-burg. Ohio. and. subsequently settled in Youngstown, where he has since been engaged in the successful practice of his profession. He is a member of the Mahoning County Medical Society, which he has served as president, and of the Ohio State Medical Society. He is also medical examiner for several insurance ,companies. John M. Shaffer, M. D., was born at Franklin, Pennsylvania, May 2, 1873. He studied his profession at the Ohio Medical University, the New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital, and the New York Polyclinic, and was graduated M. D. at Columbus, Ohio, in 1898. Before coming to Youngstown he was engaged in practice for a while in Sandusky, Ohio, and at Shawmut, Pennsylvania. He is a member of the Elk County Medical Society. He was chief surgeon for the Shawmut Mining Company, at Horton City, Elbon, Drummond, Shawmut, and Cartwright., Pennsylvania; surgeon for the Youngstown Foundry & Machine Co.; surgeon for the Sandusky Portland Cement Co.; and for the Warren Electric Light Co., besides other industrial and manufacturing concerns; also for the P. S. & N. R. R. John W. Keppel, M. D., was born at Tiffin, Ohio, April 21, 1855. He was graduated M. D. from the medical department of the Western Reserve University in 1886, and came to Youngstown after some previous practice at Old Fort and Greensprings, Ohio. He is a member of the Seneca Medical Society, besides having other society affiliations. William Aldovar Metzger, M. D., was born in Chicago, Illinois, November 22, 1871. He was graduated from the Rush Medical College at Chicago, in 1896, and began practice in his native city. Before coming to Youngstown he practiced his profession for a while in Phoenix, Arizona. He is a member of the Illinois State Medical Society. Bertram B. McElhany, M. D., was born at Sharon, Pennsylvania, October' 29, 1872. He was graduated from the medical department of the Western Reserve University in June, 1900. Before coming to Youngstown) he practiced for a while in Cleveland, Ohio, where he was physician to the Fresh Air camp, and afterwards in Jamestown, New York. He is a member of the County, State, and National Medical Associations. He is surgeon for the Haselton Blast Furnaces. Ferdinand H. Simpson, M. D., was born in Akron, Ohio, June 4, 1874. He studied his profession at the Western Reserve Uni- 336 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY versity, from. the medical department of which he was graduated June 14, 1900. Before coming to Youngstown he had previous practice in. Akron and Dayton, Ohio. Daniel Warnock Baker, M. D., was born at New Sheffield, Pennsylvania, October 20, 1862. He was graduated M. D. at Cleveland, Ohio, March 26, 1890, and began practice in Youngstown April 7, of the same year. He is physician to the. Mahoning county jail. Isaac M. Beatty, M. D., was born at Yellow Springs, Greene county, Ohio. He studied medicine. in Jeffersonville, Delaware and Cleveland, Ohio, and in 1894 was graduated M. D. at the Cleveland University of Medicine and Surgery. Locating first in Shalersville, Portage county, Ohio, he practiced there, and in Wayland and Niles, before settling in Youngstown. For some time before entering the university he was engaged as a professional nurse. He is a member of the Ohio State Medical Society, the Eastern Ohio Medical Society, the Cleve-land Homeopathic Medical Society, and the international Hahnemann Association. He was relief surgeon in Cleveland for the Associated Bethel Charities, and was assistant Surgeon in the general surgical and gynecological clinics. He gives special attention to the surgical diseases of women and children. John P. Kenny, M. D., was born at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, June 26, 1873. He studied medicine at the Western University of Pennsylvania and was graduated M.D. March 16, 1896. Before coming to Youngstown he practiced medicine for some time in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. John H. Bloom, M. D., was born at North Lima, Mahoning county, Ohio, February 1, 1855. He pursued the study of medicine at the Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, from which he was graduated in 1878. He practiced first at Hillsville, Pennsylvania, and afterwards for a while in Leetonia and New Middletown, Ohio, finally settling in Youngstown. He is a member of the Ohio State Eclectic Medical Association and the Northeastern Ohio Eclectic Medical Association. Raymond Edward Whelan, M. D., was born in Youngstown, Ohio, November 27, 1869. He studied his profession in New York City, Baltimore, Maryland, and Cleveland, Ohio, and was graduated from the medical department of the Western Reserve University at Cleveland in 1890. After two years hospital service there he came to Youngstown, and began practice. He was five years commissioned officer in the medical corps of the United States army, in the United States and foreign service. On leaving the army, he returned to Youngstown., where he has since been engaged in the practice of medicine. He is a member Of the Mahoning County Medical Society, the Union Medical Society, Ohio State Medical Society, American Medical Association, and other medical organizations. He is assistant visiting surgeon of the staff of the city hospital. Arba S. Green, M. D., was born at Johnsonville, Trumbull county, Ohio, in 1869. In 1898 he was graduated from the Cleveland (Ohio) Homeopathic Medical College, and began. practice in Youngstown on June 11th of the same year. He gives special attention to gynecology, and is a member of the American Institute of Homeopathy. Robert Dixon Gibson, M. D., of the medical firm of Gibson & Hartzell, was born in Youngstown, Ohio. October 18, 1855. He was graduated M. D. June 3, 1880, from the medical department of the Western Reserve University, and subsequently took post-graduate courses in the medical schools of New York and Philadelphia. He began practice in Youngstown in 1861, Since 1890 his practice has been limited to diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat. He is a member of the Mahoning County Medical Society, the Ohio State Medical Association and the American Medical Association. Sol Al. Hartzell.. M. D., was born in Girard, Ohio, in 1879. His medical education was obtained at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (where he graduated in 1901), in Berlin, Germany, and at St. Alexis Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio. He AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 337 is a member of the medical firm of Gibson & Hartzell, his practice being limited to the eye, ear, nose, and throat. He is assistant oculist and aurist to the Youngstown City Hospital, medical examiner of the Equitable Life Insurance Company and of the Travelers Life and Accident Insurance Company. He is a member of the Mahoning County Medical Society and of the Ohio State Medical Association. James H. Bennett, M. D., was born at North Sewickley, Pennsylvania, September 23, 1859. He was graduated in medicine from the Western Reserve University in 1887, and began practice in Youngstown, where he has since been a progressive member of the medical fraternity. He has served nine years on the Board of Education, and is a member of the Mahoning County Medical Society, and of the American Medical Association. William L. Carroll, M. D., was born at Toronto, Ohio, November 20, 1868. He studied medicine at the Baltimore Medical College, where he was graduated in 1894, and at the Philadelphia Polyclinic. He settled in Youngstown after a previous practice of five years in Toronto, Ohio. He gives special attention to diseases of the eye, ear, nose, and throat. He spent one year as house surgeon of the Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia. He is a member of the Mahoning County Medical Society, Ohio State Medical Society, American Medical Association, the Eastern Ohio Medical Society (which he has served as president), and the Toronto Medical Society. Charles A. Moore, M. D., was born at Marysville, Ohio, December 2, 1859. After reading medicine in his native town, he entered the Eclectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati, where he was graduated M. D. in 1884. After some previous practice in Columbus, Indiana, he came to Youngstown, of which place he has since remained a resident. He is a member of the Ohio State and Northeastern (Eclectic) Medical Societies. He is a specialist in diseases of the eye, ear. nose and throat. Bernard Henry Nichols, M. D., was born at Ravenna, Ohio, December 18, 1876. His medical education was acquired at the Johns Hopkins Medical College, Baltimore, Maryland, and at Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, where he was graduated May 10, 1904. He has since practiced in Youngstown, Ohio. He is a member of the Mahoning and Portage County Medical Societies. Louise Santoro Cervone, M. D., was born at Mantua, Ohio, April 17, 1878. Dr. Cervone studied medicine at the Cleveland College of Physicians and Surgeons, Cleveland, Ohio, where she was graduated May 2, 1900, and has since practiced medicine in Youngstown. Dr. Cervone took a post-graduate course at the Mothers' and Babies' Hospital, New York City. Harry A. Zimmerman was born in New Middletown, Mahoning county, Ohio, July 1, 1859. After studying medicine in Cincinnati, Pittsburg, Baltimore, and Chicago, he was graduated at Miami Medical College, in 1888, and began practice in Youngstown in the following year. He is a member of the County, State, and National Medical Associations, and is an associate of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine. Consuelo Clark-Stewart, M. D., was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 22, 1860. She studied medicine in Cincinnati, as a private pupil of Dr. Elmira Y. Howard, and at Boston University School of Medicine, being graduated M. D. at Boston June 4, 1884. She has since practiced her profession with much success in Youngstown. She is a member 'of the Alumni Association of the Boston University School of Medicine. Elmer W. Coe, M. D., was born at Charlestown, Ohio, May 7, 1871. He was graduated M. D. at the Ohio State Medical University March 19, 1896, and began the practice of his profession at Welshfield, Ohio, subsequently removing. to Youngstown. He belongs to the County, State, and National Medical Associations. For some time he was United States pension surgeon at Chardon, Ohio. Frank T. Hamilton. M. D., was born in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, September 25, 1876. He was graduated M. D. at• Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Chicago, 338 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY Illinois, in 1904, and has since practiced medicine in Youngstown. He is medical examiner for several insurance companies and for Idora Hive, Ladies of the Maccabees. Albert L. King, M. D., was born at Unity, Columbiana county, Ohio, April 24, 1844. He was graduated at the Cincinnati Medical College in 1870. Began practice at New Springfield, Ohio, removed to Columbiana, whence he subsequently came to Youngstown, where he was engaged in general practice until his death, which occurred July 28, 1906. He was a member of the Union Medical Society, and of the Mahoning County Medical Society. He was United States pension examiner, and was general surgeon for the Ma-honing Valley Railway Company. Frank S. Myers, M. D., was born at Macungie, Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, August 1, 1869. He studied medicine at the Baltimore Medical College, and at the MedicoChirurgical College, Philadelphia, being graduated from the first-named institution in 1897. He had been principal for five years of a High School in Pennsylvania. He began medical practice at Reading, Pennsylvania, in 1897, but since July, 1898, has been numbered among the medical fraternity of Youngstown, Ohio. He is a member of the County, State and National Medical Associations. Lamont B. Smith, M. D., was born at Mercer, Mercer county, Pennsylvania, November 4, 1875. He was graduated M. D. at the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1898, and began. practice in that city. Thence he went to Allegheny, Pennsylvania, from that place lie came subsequently to Youngstown, where he is now engaged in the practice of his profession. Robert A. Mehard, M. D., was born in Wurtemburg, Lawrence county, Pennsylvania, March 10, 1872. He was graduated from Miami Medical College at Cincinnati, Ohio, May I, 1902, and began the practice of medicine at Steubenville, Ohio. After a short stay there he settled in Youngstown, of which city lie is now a resident practitioner. L. B. Townley, M. D., was born at Meadville. Pennsylvania, August 17, 1851. His literary education was acquired at the State Normal School of the Twelfth District of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in 1872; and at the State University, from which he received the degree of LL. B. in 1879. He received his medical diploma from the Cleveland Homeopathic Hospital College at Cleveland, Ohio, March 26, 1890, and has practiced his profession in Youngstown for the past fifteen years, after having had some previous medical experience in Buffalo, New York, and Scranton, Pennsylvania. R. M. Morrison, M. D., was born at Wurtemburg, Pennsylvania, September 28, 1872. He was graduated at the Western University of Pennsylvania, March 21, 1895, and began practice in Youngstown, May 1st, of the same year. He is a member of the County, State and National Associations. Charles A. Pettiford, M. D., was born at Indianapolis, Indiana, July 24, 1867. He studied his profession at the Indianapolis. Eclectic College of Physicians and Surgeons, and at the Indiana Medical College, and was graduated M. D. March 24, 1892. Before coming to Youngstown he practiced in Springfield, Illinois, Indianapolis, Indiana, Portsmouth, Ohio, Chillicothe, Ohio, Lancaster, Kentucky, and Harrodsburg, Kentucky. He is a member of the Ohio Medical Association. William E. Ranz, M. D., was born in Hamilton county, Ohio, March 20, 1873. He was graduated M. D. at. the Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1899, and began the practice of his profession in Cincinnati, He was assistant surgeon at the Ohio Sailors' and Soldiers' Home, in Erie county, Ohio, for three years, afterwards coming to Youngstown. He is a member of the County and State Medical Associations. Wallace W. Ryall, M. D.. was born in Jacksonville, Pennsylvania, August 17, 1874. He acquired his medical education at the Western University of Pennsylvania, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where he was graduated M. D., March 27, 1897. Previous to his advent in Youngstown he practiced in Burbank, Wayne AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 339 county, and Savannah, Ashland county, Ohio. He is a member of the County and State Medical Societies. William Haverfield Taylor, M. D., was born at Oberlin, Ohio, October 9, 1878. He acquired his medical education at the University of Michigan, and at Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, at which latter institution he was graduated in 1902. After some preliminary practice at Niles in 1902, he came at Youngstown, where he has since been numbered among the progressive physicians of the city. He received the degree of A. B. from Oberlin College. He was surgical interne at Lakeside Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, and medical interne at the Youngstown City Hospital. He is a member of the County and State Medical Societies. Jennie P. Turner, M. D., was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, January 26, 1874. Her medical studies were pursued in Cleveland and Philadelphia, and she was graduated from the Cleveland Medical College in 1898. She is now engaged in the successful practice of her profession in Youngstown, Ohio. V. D. Viets, M. D., was born at Fowler, Ohio, July i 1, 1871. He is a graduate of the Cincinnati Eclectic Medical Institute, obtaining his diploma in 1895. He has since practiced his profession in Youngstown, giving special attention to the diseases of women and children. He belongs to the Northeastern Ohio Eclectic Medical Association. J. Scarnecchia, M. D., was born at Barrea, Aqu, Italy, December 14, 1867. He was graduated in medicine at the Royal University of Naples, Italy, August 9, 1900, and was authorized to practice in the state of Ohio after examination held in Columbus at the State Board of Medical Registration and Examination, in June, 1901. He is a member of the County and State Medical Societies. Adin Vincent Hinman was born at Kendall, New York, October 3, 1872. In 1898 he was graduated M. D. at the Ohio Medical University, Columbus, Ohio, and soon after began practice in Youngstown, where he has since remained. He belongs to the Mahoning County Medical Society. John J. Louis, M. D., was born in Rutland county, Vermont, January 20, 1853. He is a medical graduate of the University of Michigan, class of 1881, and has practiced medicine in Youngstown since the fall of that year. He belongs to the local Medical Society. Edward H. Hake, M. D., was born at Vienna, Ohio, October 21, 1873. He was graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College at Philadelphia, April 20, 1901; and took a post-graduate course. at Dunham Medical College at Chicago, graduating in April, 1902. He began practice at Church Hill, Ohio, and subsequently followed his profession for a while in Niles before coming to Youngstown. John S. Zimmerman, M. D., was born at McKeesport, Pennsylvania, April I, 1864. He obtained his medical degree at the Western Reserve University in 1895, and has since practiced in Youngstown, Ohio. He is a member of the County Medical Society. Charles L. Marsteller, D. O., was born at Fairview, Mercer county, Pennsylvania, October 24, 1875. He began the study of his profession at Kirksville, Missouri, and was graduated there, at the American School of Osteopathy, in June, 1899. He is in partnership with Dr. Nellie M. Fisher, in the firm of Marsteller & Fisher. He is a member of the Ohio Osteopathic Association, and of the American Osteopathic Association. Nellie M. Fisher, D. O., was born in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, September 23, 1874. She was graduated at the American School of Osteopathy, at Kirksville, Missouri, June 22, 1904. She began practice at Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, and subsequently followed her profession for a while at Sharon, Pennsylvania. She is now in partnership with Dr. C. L. Marsteller, in the firm of Marsteller & Fisher, osteopathic physicians. She is a member of the State and National Osteopathic Associations. L. d'Orville Chabut, M. D., was born in Paris, France, in 1866. He studied medicine in Paris, and also at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he was graduated in 1890. Before coming to Youngstown he practiced for a while in Phila- delphia. He was also- assistant surgeon in the 340 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY United States army, and saw service as such in the Philippine Islands. George Brinton Sturgeon, M. D., was born near Portsmouth, Ohio, in December, 1863, After previous medical study in Wadsworth, Ohio, Columbus, Ohio, and Cleveland, Ohio, he was graduated at Cleveland in 1892, and began practice in that city, He also followed his profession for some time in Hartsgrove, Ohio, subsequently coming to Youngstown, Dr. John D, Reese is a native of Wales, and came to America in 1887 at the age of thirty-two years, He had worked in rolling mills in his native land, and after coming to Youngstown continued in that occupation for some five years, The nature of his employment had given him some practice in amateur surgery, even in his early years, and had moreover given a bent to his mind which was to determine his future career, He gave up mill work and entered upon the practice of minor surgery, at the same time applying himself to gain a fuller theoretical knowledge of the subject in the works of standard authors, He has since acquired a considerable reputation in his special field of activity, and is one of the best known citizens of Youngstown, He is a 32d degree Mason, He was married in Wales to Sarah Richards, and he and his wife are the parents of five children, Further biographical mention. of Dr, Reese is made in another part of this volume, CHAPTER XXIII RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENT First Churches and Pioneer Ministers— General History of Religious Organizations— Churches and Clergy of Today, PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, The Presbyterians of Redstone 0781) and Ohio (1798) were the first organized west of the Allegheny mountains, The First Presbyterian Church of Youngstown belonged originally to the Presbytery of Ohio, but became a part of the Presbytery of Erie when the latter was erected by the Synod of West Virginia, October 2, 1801. This embraced all the churches and settlements north and northwest of the Ohio and Allegheny rivers, extending from Beaver, Pennsylvania., on the south, to Lake Erie on the north, and from the Allegheny river on the east to Canfield, Ohio, on the west, The population was mainly Presbyterian, The Youngstown Church remained in this connection until 1808, when it was included in the newly organized Presbytery of Hartford, In 1839 it was received under the care of Trumbull Presbytery, of which it was a member until the formation of Mahoning Presbytery in 1870. The exact date of the organization of the Youngstown church is not known, the early records being lost, William Wick and Joseph Badger were the first regular preachers on the Reserve, The latter was sent west by the Connecticut Missionary Society, and held the first Presbyterian service at Warren in the fall of 1800, Baptist services had previously been held at that point, but no church society was organized, Mr, Badger says in his journal that he reached Youngstown in the latter part of December, 1800, and "arrived at the cabin of Rev. Dr Wick about dark, I was received by this brother. and sister as a familiar friend. William Wick was settled in charge of three small settlements, Hopewell, Neshannock and Youngstown a few weeks before I reached the Reserve," Mr, Badger preached at Youngstown on the last Sabbath of the year 1800, It is possible that the church had. riot then been formally organized. The late Calvin C, Wick, youngest son of Rev. Mr, Wick, stated that he had been informed that the organization took place in May, 1800; that his father had preached in Youngstown early in 1799, and that an occasional sermon had been given by a pioneer minister of Western Pennsylvania as early as 1798, in Youngstown or vicinity, at a private house. At any rate, in 1801, Mr, Wick was re-leased from the pastorate at Neshannock and installed over the congregation at Youngstown for half his time, All that is known as to the date of the erection of the first meeting-house is that it was prior'to 1805, It was built of logs and 342 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY stood about at the present intersection of Wood and Market streets. This house was occasionally used for public meetings, and also for the village school. It served a useful purpose until 1832, when a new structure was built on East Federal street, between Champion and Walnut streets. The first elders were Caleb Baldwin and William Stewart, the former of whom died in 1813, the latter, October 28, 1831. Other elders elected during the pastorate of Mr. Wick were William McClelland, elected 18o5, withdrew 1839; Samuel Bryson, elected 18o6, died 1832; John Duncan, elected 18o6, resigned 1813; John Nelson, elected 1811, dismissed 1832. The church prospered under the faithful ministry of Mr. Wick, though, owing to the country being new and sparsely settled, its irrcrease in membership was slow. William Wick was of Puritan descent, and was born on Long Island, New York, June 29, 1768, son of Lemuel and Deborah Wick. In 1790 he removed to Washington county, Pennsylvania., and about 1794 married Miss Elizabeth McFarland, youngest daughter of Colonel Daniel McFarland, an officer in the Revolutionary army. He had settled down to farming, but an acquaintance with Dr. McMillan, an earnest Presbyterian divine, changed his course of life, and he was prevailed upon to enter upon a course of study, preparatory to the work of the Christian ministry, for which his talents and piety designated him. He completed an1830demical course at Cannonsburg in 1797, and rea.d theology in Dr. McMillan's log cabin. Licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Ohio, August 28, 1799, he soon after became pastor at Neshannock and Hopewell, and subsequently at Youngstown. After receiving aid from the Connecticut Missionary Society for about two years, his charge became self-sustaining. "He took a warm interest in missionary work and associated with Revs. McCurdy, Marquis, Badger, Hughes, and other early divines in devising means for religious service in border settlements. About 1803 there was an awakening of religious interest, which greatly strengthened the church at. Youngstown." The period of Mr. Wick's ministry was brief. Before leaving the farm he had experienced delicate health, and on that account hesitated to enter the ministry. There was no cause for alarm, however, until 1814, when, in October, a severe cold affected his lungs. He continued to preach during the winter, but his strength rapidly failed, and he died at Hopewell, Pennsylvania, 'March 29, 1815, in the forty-seventh year of hiS age, and the sixteenth of his ministry. At his own request he was buried at Youngstown. His family1805,sisted of eight sons and three daughter1806,ost of whom have been among the mo1806,ominent citizens of Youngstown." It is not known who served the church during the year succeeding Mr. Wick's death. Rev. John Core, licensed to preach in 1816, was ordained pastor at Youngstown June 25, 1817, at which time he was thirty-two years old. He was a successful pastor and served in this field six years, during which time more than one hundred were added to the church at Youngstown. A Sunday-school was formed in 1820, Elder Samuel Bryson being superintendent, but. it is probable that it had not a continuous existence, as a union Sunday-school of all denominations was organized in the "Academy" in 1827, by the Rev. Mr. Harned, which the Presbyterian children attended until the completion of the church on East Federal street in 1832. In April, 1823, Mr. Core resigned and from that time until 183o the church was dependent upon stated supplies. The Rev. Enoch Bouton served as stated supply from 1824 till 1826; and from 1826 till 1829 Rev. Nathan Harned acted in that capacity. Mr. Harned was born in Rockingham county, Virginia, in 1789. His name first appears upon the records of the Erie Presbytery in 1824. After serving as pastor of several small congregations in Pennsylvania, he joined the Hartford Presbytery in 1826 and was called to Youngstown as stated supply. Failing health compelled him to resign this charge in 1829. His ministerial labors really ceased here, although he subsequently acted as a supply whenever his health would permit. He died in New York in 1854.. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 343 In 1827 Abraham Nelson and John McMurray were chosen to the eldership. Both were dismissed in 1832. Rev. Ward Stafford was called to the pastorate of Youngstown in January, 1830, and April 5, following, was ordained pastor by the Presbytery of Hartford. Mr. Stafford was born in 1789, and entered the ministry in 1815. Until 1829 he had been engaged in missionary work in New York city, gathering together and preaching to the poorer classes. During his seven years pastorate in Youngstown about one hundred members were added to the church. He resigned his charge in 1837. A new church was built in 1832 on Federal street, and was used until 1866, in which year the present building was erected. The subject of building, as is often the case, caused considerable discord in the congregation, which added to previous differences on the subject of choir singing, threatened serious trouble. But these difficulties were finally solved by the organization of the church at Liberty. Forty-three members of the Youngstown Church were dismissed, among them being three of the four elders composing the session. Their places were filled by Dr. Henry Manning, John Laughbridge and James Thorn. "Those who attached themselves to the Liberty Church were generally opposed to choir singing. When the Presbyterian Church was disturbed by the unfortunate division into Old-school and New-school, Youngstown was almost unanimous in its adherence to the New-school. One member, William McClelland, chose the Old-school, but was refused admittance by the Liberty Church on a letter from the Youngstown Church. This incident shows the bitterness of feeling then existing among these two branches of Christians. The period of Dr. Stafford's pastorate was the most embarrassing in the history of the congregation, but by the time his successor was installed all differences had been settled. The questions which had divided the congregation were of a general character, and no blame for their intrusion upon the peaceful growth of the church can be attached to the, pastor." He had done all that lay in his power to preserve unity. Mr. Stafford's successor in the pastorate was Rev. Charles A. Boardman. He was born in Connecticut in 1788. He was ordained in 1818 in Preston, Connecticut, the charge being. delivered by the Rev. Lyman Beecher. Before coming to Youngstown, Mr. Boardman preached at New Haven and Westport, Connecticut, and was agent for the Western Reserve College. He was installed pastor at Youngstown, August 6, 1839, by the Presbytery of Trumbull, which had lately been formed. "It was largely, indeed, owing to his influence," says the Church Manual, "that the church voted to attach itself to the New-school wing, as he positively refused to become its pastor while it remained an Old-school congregation." The same publication refers to him as much more than an ordinary man, possessed of a fine intellect, "and universally beloved for his many virtues, both as a man and a Christian." In 1854—three years after the death of his wife—he asked the congregation to unite with him in a petition to the Presbytery to release him from the charge. The request was reluctantly consented to. From this time until his death in 186o, he resided with his son-in-law, S. B. McEwen, at Monroe, Wisconsin. His body was brought to Youngstown for burial. The funeral services, held July 29th in the Presbyterian Church, were at tended by two thousand persons. During the year 1843 three elders were elected—William Rice, dismissed, July 1, 1872 ; James Buck, died April 12, 1856; and Lemuel Wick, dismissed December 23, 1846. From 1855 to 1859 the church was supplied by Rev. Frederick H.Brown, who, however, was never regularly chosen pastor. He was a man of tact and energy, but of feeble health, which caused him finally to abandon ministerial labors. He died at Elyria, July 31, 1861. Dr. Levi B. Wilson, the fifth regular pastor of this church, was born at Plymouth, Ohio, in 182i. He graduated in 1848 from the literary department of Western Reserve College, and from the theological department in 1850. He had charge of Central College, Blendon, Ohio, till 1855, and before coming 344 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY to Youngstown served as pastor of the Central College Church (consisting of six members, one of whom was his wife), and the Congregational Church, Windham, Ohio. His call to Youngstown was received and accepted in September, 1859. Just ten years later he reL signed the charge and removed to Kansas. It was during his ministry that Youngstown began its rapid growth. Simultaneously the church increased in wealth and numbers, making the erection of a new meeting-house a necessity. The present structure on the corner of Wood street and Wick avenue, was completed in 1866. Three elders were chosen in 1857 : Jonathan Warner, Robert M. Montgomery and John Gibson. In 1865 William Bonnell, Augustus B. Cornell and Reuben McMillen were chosen to the eldership. May 5, 1870, Rev. Daniel H. Evans was installed pastor by the Presbytery of Trumbull, having begun his labors here in the preceding February. Mr. Evans was born in Ripley, Ohio, in 1838. He entered Miami University in 1850n and was graduated in 1859. Beginning his theological studies at the Western Theological Seminary, at Allegheny, Pennsylvania, he was graduated from Andover, Massachusetts, in 1862. He was ordained in 1863, and settled as pastor at Grand Haven, Michigan, in 1866. Subsequently stationed for a short time at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, he came to Youngstown in 1870. Here he remained as pastor until March, 1901. Mr. Evans married Sarah J. Livingston, in January, 1863, and had a family of three daughters and five sons. During his pastorate the following elders were chosen : 1873, Gideon Cornell, who died in 1877; and Thomas H. Wilson. In 1877 George Cornell and Robert McCurdy were elected. Rev. William Herbert Hudnut was called in July, 1899, to assume the co-pastorate with Rev. Dr. Evans. This relation continued until March 31, 1901, when Dr. Evans withdrew and Mr. Hudnut assumed full charge of the church. Mr. Hudnut was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1865. His college course was taken at Princeton and Union Seminaries, from the latter of which he was graduated in the spring of 1890. He was ordained by the Presbytery of Hudson in 1890, having previously accepted the pastorate of the First Presbyterian church of Port Jervis, New York. He was married in June, 1890, to Miss Harriet S. Beecher. In the summer of 1905 he accepted a call to Grace Church, Brooklyn, where he remained until coming to Youngstown. The Helen Memorial Chapel was dedicated May 4, 1890, for the use of the Sunday school and other religious services of the church. It was built and presented to the church by Myron C. Wick and his wife, Elizabeth Bonnell Wick, as a memorial of their daughter Helen. In May, 1900, the church celebrated its centennial anniversary, beginning on Sabbath morning, the 27th, and continuing throughout the week. At the opening service an historical sermon was preached by Rev. D. H. Evans, D. D., and in the evening Rev. W. G. White, of Westminster Church, preached on the Presbyterian Church on the Western Reserve. On Monday evening, the 28th, a reception was given in honor of Rev. Dr. Evans upon the completion of his thirteenth year as pastor. A missionary celebration was held on Wednesday, addressed by Rev. A. W. Halsey, secretary of the board of Foreign Missions, and Rev. John Dixon, secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions. At the Thanksgiving service on Thursday Rev. Charles H. Gatman preached the public sermon. WESTMINSTER PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The membership of the First Church steadily increased through the years and when, in 1893 the number of communicants had reached 775, a division seemed to promise increased usefulness, and Westminster Church was formed. One hundred and fifty-two members of the First Church received letters of dismissal to the new organization, and became charter members. Services was held in a hall until July, 1900, when the congregation entered the building AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 345 on the corner of Forest and Market streets. Rev. William Garrison White was installed as pastor in February, 1894, holding this relation until his death, March 4, 1904. Mr. White was born in Port Bryon, New York, in 1863. He was graduated from Hamilton College and Auburn Theological Seminary, after which he assumed a pastorate at Cuba, New York, remaining there until he was called to Youngstown. He was a man of rare gifts, spiritual, intellectual, and social. Devoted to his church, his devotion was repaid in a high degree by the love and loyalty of his people. His commanding character and his broad spirit, fearless, yet ever kindly, made him a power for righteousness in the city, where his loss was as deeply mourned as in his church. He was succeeded in the pastorate by Rev. Thomas J. Stevenson. MEMORIAL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. Memorial Presbyterian Church was organized November 16, 1903, with 95 members. The church building on the corner of Wick avenue and McGuffey street, was dedicated December 4, 1904, and Rev. Daniel H. Evans, D. D., was installed as pastor, December 6, 1904. EVERGREEN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The Evergreen Presbyterian Church had its infancy in a union mission Sunday school on Iron street now Fairmont avenue). Those interested in the mission offered to transfer their interests to the Presbyterian Church. April 27, 1903, a committee previously appointed by the Mahoning. Presbytery, consisting of Rev. William G. White, Rev. J. P. Anderson, Rev. W. H. Hudnut, Jacob C. Barrett, and D. M. Ramsey, met and took preliminary steps toward the organization of a church. Articles of incorporation were drawn up and signed. The lot on Iron street was sold and a lot on Dallas avenue was secured. Here the Sabbath school and preaching services were held in a tent. The church was duly organized August 8, 1904. About forty were enrolled as charter members. The tent was used until October, when a temporary structure was built. The church was supplied by students until April, 1905, when Rev. Francis A. Kearns came from the First Presbyterian Church of Kinsman, Ohio. He was installed May 5, 1905. HUNGARIAN EVANGELICAL REFORMED CHURCH. In 1883 a mission chapel was built by the First. Church on Mahoning avenue and a Sunday school organized, which flourished until 1905, when the location was given over for the erection of a Presbyterian Church for Magyars. This church, called the Hungarian Evangelical Reformed Church, had been organized in 1902, through the efforts of Rev. Julius Hamborsky, of Lackawanna Presbytery, who, visiting Youngstown, found several hundred Protestant Magyars in the city and neighboring towns without a preacher or church. The congregation occupied the mission chapel until the erection of the church, a handsome stone edifice, which was dedicated October 15, 1905. The first pastor was Rev. Geza Kacziany, Ph. D., who was in charge from March, 1903, to October of the same year. Rev. Bela Bassa acted as stated supply from January, 1904, to March, 1904, when he was installed as pastor, this relation continuing until March, 1907. In March, 1907, Rev. Louis Manassy was called. The Second Presbyterian Church was an outgrowth of the Mission Sabbath school work started in Youngstown in 1872 by a few of the enterprising church members of this and other denominations. J. F. Wilson, I. A. Justice, Henry B. Shields and Henry A. Evans were among the number. In 1874 a building was secured on Covington street, as a place of .worship, and was thus used until 1879, when the church removed to a new meeting house on the corner of Rayen avenue and Liberty street, a frame structure 35x60 feet, tastefully furnished. The first pastor was Rev. Robert Scott, a graduate of Auburn College. After a suc- 346 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY cessful pastorate, ending in the fall of 1879, he was succeeded by Rev. S. G. Hair, a successful Christian laborer, who accomplished a great work for the church. His efforts were well seconded by his wife, who was an earnest worker. She was an accomplished organist, and with the assistance of I. A. Justice as leader of the choir, contributed an important feature of the church service. Rev. Wesley M. Hyde and Rev. Julius A. Her0ld were subsequent pastors of this church. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Methodism began its career in the wilderness of western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio 1800. Self-sacrificing itinerant preachers followed closely after or kept company with the sturdy pioneers who grappled with the hardships of frontier life and prepared the way for the pleasant homes, commercial prosperity and religious blessings which we enjoy today. The Rev. Shadrick Bostwick, originally a physician, who had been appointed in April 1803, by the Baltimore conference as mission-ary to Deerfield Circuit, erected a house at Deerfield and established his family there. Penetrating the forest he organized a number of societies in different places, and among others visited Youngstown, where he was refused permission to preach in the Presbyterian Church and on the invitation of Judge Rayen conducted Methodist services in the latter's barn. With this exception cordial relations have always existed between the two churches. A class was formed, consisting of Moses Craw-ford and his wife Isabel, John Hogue and wife, Isaac Powers and Jeremiah Breaden. Mr. Powers was especially noted as a faithful and earnest worker in the church until his death in 1861. His wife, Mrs. Leah Frazee Powers, became a member two years after the organization of the Society and "for fifty-nine years her sweet spirit and gentle manner were a benediction to all who met her." In 1804, Shadrick Bostwick was again appointed to the Deedfield Circuit, which was then more than 400 miles in circumference, and the hardships of the four weeks' round made on horseback through the untamed wilderness were almost incredible. At the end of this year Dr. Bostwick returned to the practice of medicine, locating first in Youngstown and then in Canfield. He continued to preach however, until his death which occurred in 1837. A young man named Robert R. Roberts was appointed to the curcuit in 1805 who after-wards rose to distinction in the church and worthily filled the office of Bishop. "For a while the little society worshipped in the log school house on the Diamond. Soon the meetings were moved to the home of Mr. Crawford, a log building standing on Front street west of Hazel. Afterward they were held in the home of Mr. Hogue. The quarterly meetings were held in such large buildings as could be secured, the ball room of Mr. Holland's tavern being sometimes used on such occasions." A lot was purchased about the year 180 on Phelps street north of the present edifice for the sum of $20.00, and a small unpretentious building erected thereon. In 1828, the Society built a substantial brick church on the site where the old church now stands, northwest corner of Front and Phelps streets. It had a gallery on three sides and accommodated quite a large congregation. Two years later about fifty members, representing the greater proportion of the Society, seceded and formed a new organization—the Methodist Protestant Church. This divi-sion was keenly felt by the remaining few, but though some felt almost discouraged they set to work with indomitable energy to repair the breach, and it was proved that the days of the Methodist Church in this 'community were not yet numbered. "A commodious frame building took the place of the brick building in 1841 which was enlarged and remodeled during the pastorates of Rev. G. W. Maltby and Dr. John Peate. The charge became a station in 1842 and we finds this interesting entry of that date: "The charge estimated for the support of the preacher, consisting of himself, wife and one child, $305.00, including $40.00 house rent. The entire sum was paid in full." Ground was broken for the beautiful tem- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 347 ple in which the society now worships, in May, 1883. Eighty years after the establishment of the society, the corner stone of the new church was laid with appropriate services, Bishop Andrews officiating, and the building, completed at a cost of over $70,000.00, was dedicated to the worship of Almighty God by Bishop Bowman. Thus was completed a beautiful temple of worship whose foundations were laid in the pastorate of Dr. C. V. Wilson and whose dedication came in that of Dr. D. C. Osborne. With the completion of Trinity Church., the Society entered upon its most prosperous period and now numbers between 1,300 and 1,400 members. From the mother church have branched out several other efficient and flourishing societies. In 1877, the Belmont Society was organized; in 1888, Epworth; and in 1901, Grace. Wilson Avenue M. E. Church was started as an independent organization and is now a regular Fart of the regular organized Methodism of the city. The first Methodist Sunday-school in Youngstown was organized in 1826, in the pastorate of Robert Hopkins. W. H. Fitch was superintendent; Alva U. Upham and Samuer Black were teachers. Other noted superintendents were Alexander McKinnie, John F. Hollingsworth, William Breaden, Richard Brown (who served nearly twenty years), Prof. J. .A. Leonard, Edmund L. Brown, Arthur O. Fording, and George L. Fordyce. Phillip M. Haas served the school as chorister more than thirty years. Trinity has ever been known as a young people's church. Among the many young peo-ple's organizations that have been active in advancing the welfare and work of the church should be mentioned one that was started in 1872 by a Sunday-school class of children, and was called "The Chimes," taking its name from the initial effort to raise money to' procure chimes for the new church under contemplation. The children raised $1,200.00, which was eventually used as part payment on the organ. Later the old name and object were abandoned, and "The Guild" continued the agitation, raising $6,000.00 to help furnish the church and parsonage. Out of this organiza-tion grew the Oxford League, and later the present Epworth League, a strong society of great spiritual power. The Ladies' Aid and the Ladies' and Pastors' Union have contributed very materially to the prosperity of the church. The former was organized in June, 1855, with Mrs. Nancy Breaden as the first president. This society contributed $6,000.00 toward the new church, and $6,500.00 to the parsonage; many hundreds also have been contributed for furnishing and renovating the church. The church contributes largely and regularly to missionary and benevolent enterprises. Among the host of noble workers for religion in connection with this society may be men-tioned John F. Hollingsworth, class leader, chorister and Sunday-school Superintendent; Stephen F. Burnett, who for years conducted a Sunday afternoon class at his house at 310 West Federal street, and his wife Harriet; Mr. and Mrs. Alexander McKinnie, the former a steward for many years; Edward and, Mary Irwin Moore, earnest and faithful workers who were led to accept Methodist doctrine by a chance sermon which Mary's father heard John Wesley preach while on a tour through Ireland; Edwin Bell, formerly church treasurer, and his wife Isabell; Dr. William Breaden, an ordained local preacher of great ability and piety; James Cartwright, leader and for many years secretary of the Sunday-school; Henry Dove, class leader; Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Shaffer, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph H. Brown, C. P. Hutchinson and Richard Brown. Of the last named a sketch may be found in another chapter of this volume. Of a strong and beautiful Christian character he "made possible by his generosity and tireless activity the beauti-ful edifice" in which the Society now worships. More than one hundred ministers have served this charge during the century and more of its existence, as for much of this period it was a large circuit, and the preacher in charge had one or two colleagues. The Rev. C. W. Tinsley, the present pastor, who came 348 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY here from Terre Haute, Indiana, assumed pastoral charge of Trinity in September, 1906. RICHARD BROWN MEMORIAL SUNDAY-SCHOOL CHAPEL. Mrs. Henrietta A. Brown, desiring to advance God's kingdom, and to honor the memory of her late husband, Richard Brown, Esq., determined to erect for that purpose a memorial Sunday-school Chapel. With this object in view she selected the following Board of Trustees: Mr. William A. Kingsley, president ; Mrs. Cyrus E. Felton, vice-president; Mr. Walter C. McKain, secretary; Mr. W. Marcus Wallace, treasurer; Mr. George Tod, Jr., Mr. Will V. Faunce, Miss Arabelle Crandall, Mr. Charles R. Clegg, Mr. Thomas McDonald. The Board was incorporated under the laws of Ohio, November 28, 1904. Mr. Kingsley was a most efficient president, but was compelled to resign on account of a change of residence, and his resignation was reluctantly accepted. Mr. George Tod, Jr., was elected president, and Mr. George E. Dudley was elected to fill the vacancy on the Board. In June, 1904, a location on the corner of Elm street and Woodbine avenue was se-cured. Plans were adopted for a memorial chapel and also for a future church, sufficient space having been reserved for that purpose. A :building committee was appointed, consisting of Mr. George Tod, Jr., Mr. W. Marcus Wallace, Mr. Will V. Faunce, Mr. Charles. R. Clegg, Mrs. Cyrus E. Felton. The chapel is now completed and stands as a memorial of the kindly and beloved Christian gentleman, whose life of forty-seven years was identified with all the best interests of Youngstown, with the cause of Christ in all this region, and in particular with the Methodist Episcopal Church, which he so devotedly loved. "Uncle Richard" was a life-long Sunday-school worker. Twenty-one years of the time he was superintendent of the Sunday-school at Trinity Church. His wife, "Aunt Hetty" was a Sunday-school teacher for fifty con-secutive years. The chapel is an expression of the wife's devotion to her husband. But in this commun-ity for generations to come, when the name carved on the stone over the entrance is read, the thought in the mind of the reader will be, of the two lives that flowed together for so many years in blessings to others. The chapel stands as a free gift to the Methodist Episcopal Church to be used for the training of men and women and children in the knowledge of the Holy Scriptures. PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL From a Sketch by J. M. Butler, Junior Warden. The first public services,. according to the Prayer Book of the Episcopal Church, held on the Western Reserve, were held in our neighboring township of Boardman, in 1807 by Joseph Platt as lay reader, and was so continued, alternately in Boardman and Canfield, until the summer of 1817, when the Parish was regularly organized and called St. James Parish by Rev. R. Searle from Plymouth, Connecticut. The members of the organization were citizens of that and neighboring townships, pioneers from the older States, Episcopalians who brought their prayer books, as well as their Bibles, with them. Among them were—from Connecticut—Joseph Platt and his son, Eli, from New Milford ; Ethel Starr, from Danbury; Mrs. George Tod, from New Haven ; Judson Canfield, from Salisbury ; and Judge Turhand Kirtland, from Wallingford. A meeting was held June 20, 1809, to consider the organization of a church. At this meeting the following petition was presented, which has been copied verbatim from the old record : "BOARDMAN, June 20th, 1809. "We, the subscribers, Inhabitants of the Towns of Boardman, Canfield and Poland, in the County of Trumbull and State of Ohio, being desirous to pro-mote the worship of God after the order of the Prot-estant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, having for some time past met and attended AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 349 divine service according to the established forms of that Church & finding ourselves under great inconveniences for the want of Prayer Books & Sermons, to remedy which and to endeavor to procure the assistance of a worthy teacher, judge it best to form ourselves into a regular Episcopal Society, investing the same with the proper officers, thereby putting ourselves in a proper situation to petition the Rt. Revd. the Bishop of the State of New York, praying him to incorporate us and grant us such relief as in his wisdom he may deem meet and consistent. "We appoint Saturday the 12th day of August next to meet at the Town of Boardman for the above purpose. Subscribers' Names Turhand Kirtland, Ensign Church, Chas. Chittenden, Josiah Wetmore, Samuel Blocker, Joseph Platt, Ethel Starr, Francis Dowler, John Liddle, John Dowler, Eleazor Fairchild, Ziba Loveland, Arad Way, Eleazor Gilson, Eleazor C Fairchild, Russell F. Starr, Eli Platt, John Loveland, Lewis Hoyt, Joseph Liddle, Jared Kirtland." "Saturday 12th, August, 1809. "Met and adjourned to the 4th of Sept., Turhand Kirtland. Esqr., appointed Moderator & Ethel Starr, Clk., when the following persons were duly appointed as officers (to wit) Joseph Platt. Warden, Turhand Kirtland, Ethel Starr & Lewis Hoyt, Vestry. ETHEL STARR, Society Clerk." BOARDMAN, Sept. 4th, 1809. "At a meeting of the professors of the Protestant Episcopal Church in America, inhabitants of Board-man, Canfield & Poland in the county of Trumbull & State of Ohio, holden at the Sch0ol house near the center of Boardman by appointment aforesaid for the purpose of forming themselves into a regular Episcopal Society & investing the same with proper society officers, voted at this meeting unanimously. Turhand Kirtland, Moderator, Ethel Starr. Clerk, Joseph Platt, Warden. Turhand Kirtland, Ethel Starr & Lewis Hoyt, Vestry." "At a meeting held Aug. 27, 1810, it was on motion voted that a committee be appointed to draw a subscription for the obtaining and supporting a respect-able Clergy-man from the States of Connecticut or New York to come to this place and visit us, and tarry as long as the Society and himself can agree * * * Voted, that we will associate with any persons in the - 20 - town of Young's Town who will associate with us and that they share with us all the benefits of said Society?". The first clergyman of this Church who officiated in Boardman or on the Western Reserve, so far as is known, was Rev. Jackson. Kemper, afterwards widely known as Missionary Bishop of the Northwest, and subsequently as Bishop of Wisconsin. Mr. Kemper, in the Fall of 1814, was on a Missionary tour in Western Pennsylvania, under the auspices; of "The Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church for the Advancement of Christianity in Pennsylvania," which he had aided in form-ing-. He visited Pittsburgh, and there Rev. Mr. Taylor, Rector of Trinity Church, informed him of the Episcopal Church in Boardman, and that Joseph Platt, during a business visit to that city the previous Summer, had requested that, if possible, some clergyman of the Church might be sent to them. Mr. Kemper cordially accepted the invitation, went to Boardman, and spent some weeks in preaching there and in Canfield, Poland, and probably Youngstown, though we have no authentic information as to his preaching in the latter place. During this time, in September, 1814, he baptized twenty-nine persons, among whom were. Hon. Sheldon Newton and Billius Kirtland. Two years later, from September 19 to 22, 1816, Rev. Jacob Morgan Douglas, in the employ of the same society, visited Boardman and neighboring townships. He baptized fifteen persons. On March 23, 1817, Rev. Roger Searle, who had come from Plymouth, Connecticut, to Ohio, as a missionary, officiated in Boardman. He called a meeting of the Vestry, and then a new formula was adopted and subscribed, in which was incorporated the name of the Parish, Saint James, and a declaration of submission to the constitutional Canons of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. Rev. Searle visited various places in Ohio and Kentucky, performing. missionary work, returned to Connecticut, and in the Fall removed with his family to Canfield. He preached, for a time, in Boardman and Can- .