AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 425 Cleveland. The company was promptly assembled, and at 7 :30 p. m. every man was in the armory ready for duty. The company, with Surgeon Will H. Buechner and Adjutant R. T. Ellis, of the staff, boarded B. & O. train 5 at 10:57 p. m., and at noon the next day went into bivouac with the regiment at Crystal Springs, four miles from Massillon, waiting orders from Sheriff Doll, of Stark county. E that night the railroad bridge at Strasburgh was burned, and at 11 p. m. the Logan Rifles were ordered to go sixteen miles down the C., L. & W. Railway and save the next bridge. The company was hurried aboard a coach and with the "tender" in front of the engine started down the line. Perched high on top of the "tender" was Lieutenant Whitney, Captain Freed and eight soldiers in charge of Sergeant Kaercher. It was a thrilling ride for them. Crouching around the edge of the "tender." with weapons in hand, they peered out into the semi-darkness, carefully scanning every foot of track, every bush or fallen log. The country traversed was strange and the danger point unknown. The air was murky with smoke from the piles of burning ties and cord wood along the track. The moon in the clouded sky threw fitful and deceiving, shadows over everything. Slowly and. cautiously the train moved on. Past the mines and scattered villages, through the rocky walls of "Blue Cut," on through "Pigeon Run," and in the gray dawn of morning crossed the bridge and stopped at the village of Beach City. Quickly disembarking, a guard line with Lieutenant Reel in charge was established around the bridge and railroad property, while Lieutenant Perkins with the second platoon kept on a mile and a half farther clown the track, and in a like manner protected bridge "96." A small squad was sent back up the line six miles and patrolled "Blue Cut" until the arrival of Company K two days later. During the next night a party of miners made their way among the underbrush along the river bank and when discovered had reached a point almost directly beneath the bridge. When challenged they threw a package into the river and quickly disappeared in the darkness, escaping the shots sent after them. At bridge "96" Corporal Barclay and Harvey Kelly were fired upon from the underbrush. The company remained here for eleven days, and almost every night the guards were fired upon by unseen men from the wooded hillsides and gullies. Every effort was made to capture these bushwhackers, but without avail. Being perfectly familiar with the country they could creep up unseen and after firing escape in the darkness. Pickets were posted on the hilltops, but they, too, were fired upon and the miscreants escaped. At one time a party of men gained a point of vantage on the hills around bridge "96" and fired a long range volley at the bivouac there. The bullets cut the leaves and bark from the trees over the soldiers' heads, but when a squad charged up the hillside they found the enemy gone. The miners' object in pursuing this kind of warfare evidently was to draw the guards in pursuit of them and give their comrades a chance to dynamite the bridge. Had they been better shots, or better armed, or approached nearer, some of the Soldiers would undoubtedly have been shot. The only time when they showed themselves was on Saturday night when they appeared in the village just. after midnight. Captain Freed had been visiting the sentinels and noticed a group of men near a flouring mill. As he passed the corner of the building and stepped out into the moonlight a voice cried, "Give it to the white striped ," and a score of shots were immediately fired from the end of the wagon bridge 5o yards distant, toward which the men had retreated. Quickly firing his revolver into the darkness after the retreating men, the captain "turned out the guard" and took up the pursuit. In the woodland across the river two men were captured, and one of them was induced by .threats to tell where the rendezvous of the gang was and guided a squad two miles into the country where four more rioters were captured. They were armed with cheap new revolvers of 38 calibre containing the shells of recently fired cartridges. They were marched back to the 426 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY camp and confined in a tool house until Monday, when they were turned over to Sheriff Doll at Massillon. When the United States declared war with Spain the Governor of Ohio called into service the entire National Guard of the state. The local organization, Logan Rifles, Company H, Fifth Infantry, O. N. G., responded with the other companies of the regiment rendezvoused at Cleveland and from there proceeded to Camp Bushnell at Columbus. The local company was enrolled in the United States volunteer service April 26, 1898. The company as mustered consisted of Captain James A. Freed, First Lieutenant Harry W. Ulrich, Second Lieutenant Fred C. Porter and sixty enlisted men. The regiment left Columbus and arrived at Tampa, Florida, May 21, and went into camp as part of the Seventh army corps under command of Major General Fitzhugh Lee. Soon after this the regiment was transferred to the Fifth army corps under command of Major Gen. William T. Shafter and ordered to embark for Cuba. Owing to the damage to the transport Florida, the Fifth regiment did not sail with the rest of the corps, and were transferred to the Fourth army corps under command of Major General J. J. Coppinger. The regiment was transferred to camp at Fernandina, Florida, July 23, and remained there until September 8, when it was ordered to Cleveland, Ohio, for muster out. It was duly mustered out November 5, 1898. During the time the company was in Tampa it was recruited to a total of 109 officers and enlisted men, the recruits being local men. While the company was encamped at Fernandina an epidemic of typhoid fever broke out and Sergeant Henry G. Woolfe and Private Clifton Dalzell died. During the time that the company was encamped in Cleveland Sergeant George Spigler and Private Daniel G. Kennedy died from typhoid fever contracted in Florida. In the fall of 1899 Captain Freed resigned. Lieutenant Ulrich was elected captain and commissioned December 9, 1899. The company attended the funeral of President McKinley at Canton, Ohio, in September, 1901. The present officers of the company are : Captain, Harry W. Ulrich ; first lieutenant, Wade C. Christy; second lieutenant, Charles F. Redman. The Logan Rifles has long been considered ont of the best military companies in the state. SPANISH WAR VETERANS Soon after the close of the war with Spain several organizations of the veterans of that war were formed. The local veterans applied for a charter for a camp and it was organized in December, 1899 and named Major Logan Camp, Spanish-American War Veterans. Later on it surrendered its charter in that organization and accepted a charter in the Spanish War Veterans, a stronger organization. In 1904. most of the many societies of the war with Spain united under the name United Spanish War Veterans and the local camp was granted a charter in that organization and is now known as Major Logan Camp No. 26, Department of Ohio, United Spanish War Veterans. The commanders .of the local camp have been, James A. Freed, Peter Cummings, 'William Smoker, Joseph Leonard, John J. Klager and Robert E. Kroll. The meetings are held in Grand Army Hall every second Thursday evening. The following veterans of the war with Spain are buried in the local cemeteries: Oak Hill Cemetery—Clifton L. Dalzell, Henry G. Woolfe, George W. Spigler, William S. Brown, James Edwards. John R. Williams, John A. Logan. John W. Worm, Jesse Swaney. Vernon Humes, Edward Wallace. Fred Krueger, George Farrow, Frank G. Wiseman, Percy Jacobs, Charles S. Wood. John Kenvin, David W. McFarlane. Roy E. Jacobs, John Tresise and Stant Westover. Calvary Cemetery—Daniel G. Kennedy, Edward L. McElwain, Edward J. Conway and Bernard McBride. St. Joseph's Cemetery—Simon Flushgarten. Girard Cemetery— William Williams. Hubbard Cemetery—Henry Keich. Mineral Ridge Cemetery—William A. Ohl. CHAPTER XXVIII THE PRESS Newspapers and Editors of the Past and Present The first paper in the present territory of Mahoning county was the Olive Branch and New County Advocate which made its appearance at Youngstown in the fall of 1843. It was issued for the purpose of influencing public opinion in favor of changing the county seat to Youngstown, but proved but a feeble supporter of the cause, and its publication was soon suspended. It was followed soon after the organization of the county by The Ohio Republican, published by A. Medbury arid J. M. Webb, the latter being the chief editorial writer. In politics it represented pure Jacksonianism, and if we are to believe the business statement of its publishers contained in the last issue found in the files of the county auditor's office, private funds were drawn upon to maintain its publication. After the Presidential election in 1852, the Republican was removed to Canfield and combined with the Mahoning Sentinel under the name, Mahoning Republican-Sentinel. The Mahoning Sentinel had been established in 1852 by an association of citizens, with Ira Norris as editor. After passing through some changes of ownership and editorship it was finally purchased by John M. Webb, and in a few years removed to Youngstown. Mr. Webb made a strong fight for old line Democratic principles during the campaign of 186o. but the secession of the Southern States had of the Past and Present. broken party lines and in the fall of 1861 his paper suspended publication for lack of support. July 1o, 1862, however, it again appeared, bearing the motto, "The Constitution as it is. and the Union as it was ;" but though ably conducted, the political effect of the revived sheet was small and it barely survived the Presidential election of 1864. "Its place as a Democratic organ was not filled until the Vindicator made its appearance in 1869." "The Mahoning Courier was established just after the war by Patrick O'Connor, and brother. It was a vigorous Republican paper and divided Republican patronage with the Register until 1869, when its publication was suspended." "The Youngstown Commercial was issued by Patrick O'Connor and L. F. Shoaf, May 5, 1875. It suspended publication in about six months after that time. Patrick O'Connor began the publication of the New Star, May 28, 1879. It was continued as a weekly journal, and for some time was the organ in the Mahoning Valley of the National Greenback party. "In 1881, O. P. Wharton, formerly of the Vindicator, established the Free Press, which had an existence of a few years. "The first daily newspaper in Youngstown was the Miner and Manufacturer, which first made its appearance as a daily in June, 1873.. 428 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY As a weekly in the interest of the laboring men, it had been published for some time previous, Mr. A. D. Fassett being the editor. During the strikes of 1873 it gained prestige by the manner in which it supported the strikers, despite the somewhat unwarranted attempt of a few business men to coerce it into a change of policy. The daily issue shortly after made its appearance as a five-column folio, selling at two cents, and was well received. It was soon after enlarged to six columns, and it had a circulation of about eight hundred, which it held until the Daily Tribune was started in 1874, the latter, owing to its good financial backing, being soon enabled to take the lead. The Miner and Manufacturer struggled along until November, 1874, when it suspended publication, the editor being chosen to the city editorship of the Daily Register, which was started in December of that year." THE FREE DEMOCRAT TO TELEGRAM. In the latter part of the year 1852 the Free Democrat, representing the abolition sentiment of the county, made its appearance, the first number being published December 31. The Free Democrat was the first of a chain of newspapers ending with the Telegram. The editor was Edward D. Howard and M. Cullaton was the publisher. In 1853 The Democrat was a sturdy advocate of the election of Samuel Lewis as governor and in 1856 was equally as enthusiastic in advocating the nomination of John P. Hale of New Hampshire for president. In 1853 D. S. Elliott purchased the paper, but two years later Howard was again at the helm. Early in February, 1855, the Free Democrat was succeeded by the True American, the editors being D. S. Elliott and James M. Nash. The latter withdrew from the paper a few months later and the paper was sold to Colonel James Dumars, one of the best known political leaders of the state. The colonel liked the Mahoning county field so well that he disposed of his Warren paper and devoted his time to his new purchase, which he called the Mahoning Register. Colonel Dumars was a practical newspaper man of the old school and the publication was one of the brightest and best of the Western Reserve. He was an enthusiastic anti-slavery man and a Republican. John M. Edwards was the associate editor. Colonel Dumars sold the paper to E. V. Smalley & Company April 1, 1865, the colonel going south. He started a paper at Memphis. Tenn., but gave up the venture in a short time. Mr. Smalley became the editor, Mr. Edwards continuing as associate. About a year later R. E. Hull, one of the best known among the pioneer newspaper men of this section, joined the staff. In September, 1868. the firm name was changed to Smalley, Hull & Hudson, the new member being James F. Hudson. Mr. Hudson is still in the harness, being an editorial writer on the Pittsburg Dispatch. Mr. Smalley retired from the firm' in 1869, going to the northwest where he was soon recognized as 'a leader in his profession. Mr. Hull retired in 1871, Mr. Hudson continuing as sole proprietor until December 11, 1873, when he disposed of his interests to the firm of Vaughan, Sea-grave and Gault. The members of the firm were C. A. Vaughan, A. R. Seagrave and \V. H. Gault, the latter two being local business men. In May, 1874 Walter L. Campbell. who later became known as Youngstown's "Blind mayor" purchased Mr. Gault's interests and became associate editor with Seagrave, Mr. Vaughan looking after the business end of the paper. A little later A. D. Fassett, state senator, labor commissioner, etc., became associated with the paper as the city editor. On February 18. 1874, the Youngstown Tribune made its appearance. the publishers being Colonel James M. Nash. James K. Bailey and Joseph R. Johnston, afterward judge and state senator. Colonel Nash, who assumed the editorship, was succeeded by William H. Eckman, September 6, 1874. One year later the Tribune was merged with the Register under the name of the Register and Tribune. Shortly afterwards the name was changed to the Evening Register. The editorial force at this time was as follows : W. L. Campbell and A. R. Seagrave, editors :A. D. Fassett, city editor ; AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 429 Thomas W. Johnston and Nain Grute, reporters. Seagrave was appointed postmaster and Mr. Campbell became sole editor. On July 16, 1877, the Evening News appeared as a daily, being published by the Youngstown Printing Company, an association constituted by R. E. Hull, W. S. Stigleman, E. K. Hull, Thomas Kerr and C. E. Kennedy, all printers. In the following January an incorporated company took charge, John M. Webb being the editor. In July, 1879, the News began the. publication of Associated Press dispatches. Chauncey H. Andrews became financially interested and a. newspaper war followed between the News and the Register. In August, 1880, the News announced that it would be Republican in politics and Mr. Webb retired. 0. P. Shaffer became managing editor and among his assistants at various times were "Reddy" Bowman, J. Ed Leslie, Nain Grute, T. W. 'Johnston, Jr., and George McGuigan. Thomp Burton was connected with the advertising and circulation departments. The fight between the two newspapers reached a bitter stage but finally consolidation was arranged, the name of the paper to be the News-Register. The News interests had three directors, T. W. Sanderson, Mason Evans and O. P. Shaffer, while the Register's selections were Robert McCurdy, Thomas H. Wells and H. O. Bonnell. As managing director or the umpire of disputes Frank Williams was chosen but he soon retired in favor of W. W. McKeown. In February, 1882, Editor Campbell retired and two years later was elected mayor. Following a disagreement between directors, O. P. Shaffer became managing editor and another clash resulted in Shaffer being succeeded by F. S. Presbrey. Mr. Shaffer, in company with C. H. Andrews, Mason Evans, T. W. Sanderson and Jonathan Head,. began the publication of the Daily News. On November 17, 1885, G. M. McKelvey, William Cornelius, Louis W. King, Henry M. Garlick and H. K. Taylor organized the Youngstown Printing Company with $40,000 capital. On November 26, the directors accepted the proposition for the sale of the News-Register, the Daily News and the Sunday Morning, the latter being Colonel Thomp. Burton's paper. The new paper was christened the Evening Telegram. The directors were G. M. McKelvey, president ; H. K. Taylor, secretary; William Cornelius, L. W. King, J. Craig Smith, Thomas H. Wilson and H. H. Stambaugh. Judge King was made editorial manager, T. W. Johnston, editor, and William Cornelius manager. Mr. Johnston was succeeded by W. 'H. Smiley of Warren who filled the position for a short time, J. Ed. Leslie being called to the position. In turn Leslie was succeeded by Clate A. Smith: November 10, 1890, A. J. Halford of Washington became editorial manager, S. L. Bowman succeeding Smith as managing editor. James J. McNally on December 2, 1892, became manager and on July 6, 1894, was succeeded by J. H. Edwards. Jackson D. Haag took the place of Mr. Bowman as managing editor and March 27, 1896, E. E. Wright was chosen managing editor. Mr. Wright returned to the Pittsburg Dispatch, but upon the selection of George C. Phillips again assumed the position which he occupies at the present time. R. R. Sharman succeeded Mr. Phillips. as manager, holding the post until the paper was sold to R. T. Dobson of Akron. Mr. Dobson retired shortly afterward because of ill health and Samuel G. McClure of Columbus secured control. He is the present publisher and editor. Youngstown has kept pace with the journalism of the country and the Telegram of today is on a par with any, being the leading Republican daily in Eastern Ohio and Western Pennsylvania. VINDICATOR. The always-Democratic Vindicator, from a modest beginning in July, 1869, is today, under the business management of the Hon. William F. Maag, one of the leading papers in Ohio. There are weekly, semi-weekly, Sunday and daily editions, the daily a paper of never fewer than twelve pages, frequently sixteen 430 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY and at least on one week-day—Friday—twenty-four, the number invariably found in the Sunday issue, facts indicating the metropolitan character of the paper, which in business enterprise and influence is surpassed by no other journal in a city the size of Youngstown. Though in existence fewer than forty years the Vindicator has had a quite eventful history, the paper beginning its career in the name of Mahoning Vindicator and being started by J. H. Odell, now deceased. After the paper had continued about six months Mark Sharkey was associated with Mr. Odell, but retired in August, 1870. Mr. Odell retired from the paper in September, 1873, being succeeded by 0. P. Wharton, an old compositor in the office. Then Odell and William A. Edwards bought the paper. That was in April, 1874, Mr. Odell taking editorial charge. In February 1875, S. L. Everett purchased the plant. Col. W. L. Brown, noted in New York journalism and politics, now numbered with dead, purchased from Everett in July, 1875, and continued the publication until succeeded by Hon. Charles N. Vallandigham and John H. Clarke in April, 1880. O. P. Shaffer and O. P. Wharton were employed on the editorial staff during Col. Brown's management. Judge L. D. Thoman purchased' Vallandigham's interest in April, 1881, subsequent to which the paper was published and edited by Thoman and Clarke until they sold out to Dr. Thomas Patton, who came from Newark to Youngstown and himself practically alone conducted the business and penned the editorials. For a very brief period the paper was in the hands of J. A. Caldwell, who, with Charles Underwood, also issued an experimental daily. After the death of Dr. Patton. Mr. Maag. in November, 1887, bought the plant at administrator's sale. Very soon after that Mr. Maag formed a partnership with John M. Webb, a Democrat and journalist of the old school, the firm name being Webb & Maag, and succeeded by the Vindicator Printing Company, which was organized September 3, 1889, with a capital of $20,000 and the following officers: President, John M. Webb; vice-president, E. M. Wilson; secretary, John H. Clarke; treasurer and general manager, William F. Maag. The first regular daily 1/indicator, a folio, was put out September 23, 1889. Mr. Webb was managing editor; William B. Dawson was associate editor and Mr. Maag was then, as ever since and now, the head of the business department. Mr. Webb died February 2, 1893, a short time before the block now occupied by the paper was complete]. His funeral services, which were attended by a large concourse of acquaintances and friends, were conducted in the incompleted building. Mr. Webb's immediate successor was C. H. Wayne, and he in turn was succeeded as editor-in-chief by William B. Dawson, who died in 1903. The editorial chair was then taken by F. A. Douglas, by whom it is still retained. The first very notable step in advance in business was made in 1893. May 1, that year, the Vindicator plant. with new equipment, including an eight-page perfecting press, put out the first issue in the new building on the present site, the southwest corner of Boardman and Phelps streets, the building being a substantial three-and-a-half story structure of brick and stone. From then until now the Vindicator has made rapid progress, being among the first to install Merganthaler lino-types. now having eight such, among them machines provided with the very latest improvements. About four years ago the eight-page perfecting press was superseded by the most modern twenty-four page perfecting color-printing and folding machine with a capacity of 24,000 folded papers an hour. The officers of the Vindicator Printing Company are : President, John H. Clark ; vice-president, Charles E. Ducasse; secretary, John W. Smith ; treasurer and general manager, William F. Maag. In the Vindicator block and controlled by the Vindicator Printing Company are an up-to-date job department, a book bindery. The AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 431 Art Engraving Company and the Vindicator with its weekly, semi-weekly, Sunday and daily editions. In fourteen years Youngstown has made remarkable progress in many directions and in a large number of enterprises, but in none has progress been more uniform more rapid and more conspicuous than in the continuous prosperity of the concerns controlled by the Vindicator Printing Company. RUNDSCHAU. For a third of a century the Youngstown Rundschau has been the only German newspaper published in the territory between Cleveland and Pittsburg. During all but one year of that time it has been under the same control. Established in the summer of 1874 by Henry Gentz, the Rundschau appeared for the first time on August i of that year with Rudolph Wilbrandt as editor and manager. In July of the next year 'William F. Maag bought it, the first issue under his charge coming out just twelve months after the initial number. The paper was then a small folio with sheets about half the present size. Two years later the number of pages was doubled and as time went on and circulation and interest in the paper grew with the coming of more Germans to this territory, the size was gradually increased until, after being issued every week for thirty-three years, it now contains sixteen pages of the regular newspaper size. It is set almost wholly by machine. Since Mr. Maag took over the Vindicator the two papers have had offices together. The aim of the Rundschau is to give all the important general and local news of the week, to print weekly letters from various parts of Germany and from places in the vicinity of Youngstown, and to publish good and entertaining literature. In politics it is independent. In editorial charge of it have been Fred Riederer, Gustav Schiller, Emil Braun, A. Sparkuhl, Frederick Oertly, Otto Glus, Theodore Schuele, and the present editor, Theodore Lange. William F. Maag has been manager since the paper came into his possession. The Rundschau has attained to considerable influence through being the only German paper" in a territory where large numbers of Germans have settled, but its greatest service has probably consisted in maintaining among the. Germans in this country interest in the language and thought and customs of the Father-. land. THE ROMA The Roma is a weekly Italian newspaper in Youngstown, and was established as a literary paper in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1902, under the name of La Farfalla with a weekly circulation of 500 copies. Subsequently its name was changed to L'Emigrante Italiano, and its publication was thus. continued for several years. It was then removed to Youngstown and enlarged, and has since been published here under the name of The Roma. Under the capable editorship of Elpidio Buonpane, who is also the publisher, the paper is now in a flourishing condition, having a subscription list of 3,500. It is issued every Saturday. THE YOUNGSTOWN LABOR ADVOCATE. The first issue of the Youngstown Labor. Advocate appeared the first week of June, 1903, with David G. Jenkins as editor, and W. W. Paramore, manager. The paper was first published by a partnership composed of those two gentlemen. In September of the same year the Advocate Publishing Company was incorporated, and continued the publication of the Labor Advocate. Mr. Jenkins severed his connection with the paper as editor in September, 1905, to devote his whole time to the study of law. John Slayton, Henry O. Nelson, Sedge Reilley and Byron Williams, all well known newspaper men and labor writers, were connected with the paper as editors. The Labor Advocate was the organ of the labor unions of the Mahoning Valley and enjoyed a large circulation and influence. Pub lication was suspended in January, 1907. 432 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY YOUNGSTOWN JOURNAL The Youngstown Journal, a weekly devoted to local industrials and labor almost exclusively, made its initial appearance February 1, 1907, and is practically the successor of the late Labor Advocate. The new labor organ is owned, edited and published by Byron Williams, a well known and versatile local newspaper man, who successfully wrote at different times for the two local dailies, and who did his last work, before branching out for himself, on the deceased Labor Advocate. Editor Williams, in his first issue, had the following to say by way of editorial or saluatatory : "The Youngstown Journal is devoted to the publication of news pertaining to the industries and labor of Youngstown and vicinity, and for the dissemination of general information. It will be the aim to keep the public well informed in regard to these matters in a thorough and impartial manner. We most respectfully ask the support of the public, and will at all times endeavor to merit it." The Journal is neat in appearance and an eight-page paper with six columns to the page, each one of which is alive with advertisements. Representative citizens ROBERT McCURDY. For more than a quarter of a century the late Robert McCurdy was the president of the First National Bank of Youngstown, one of the most. important institutions of northern Ohio. He was much more—an honorable, upright citizen, a man of sterling worth in every relation of life, and a stanch supporter of everything that related to the well-being of the city of Youngstown. He was born at Castle Finn, County Donegal, Ireland, June 24, 1842, and was a son of Dr. Robert McCurdy, who came to America when Robert, Jr., was a child of 11 months. Settling on a small farm near Crab Creek, Mahoning County, Ohio, he practiced his profession as opportunity offered, and also cultivated his land, in order to provide for the needs of his eight children. Of these still three survive, namely : Dr. John McCurdy, Mrs. Mary Bentley and Samuel D. McCurdy. Robert McCurdy had very little of what may be termed a helpful childhood. His surroundings were not those to encourage leisure as soon as he became self-supporting, and probably he was earning his own keep in the world when other lads, not much better off, were scarcely thinking about it. In after years Mr. McCurdy was disposed to look upon his early trials as good discipline, and it is certain that in his case habits of industry and economy were so early implanted that they greatly assisted him through life. From the public schools he sought self-supporting work in the neighborhood, and, in August, 1861, he accepted a position in the old Mahoning County Bank. While he retained this humble place, he performed its duties with the same thoroughness that later characterized his management of the First National Bank. In becoming even a humble accessory to an important business, a certain standing is assured, and so well did Robert perform the duties assigned him that he attracted the attention of his employers, among whom were some of Youngstown's most eminent citizens. Before long a clerkship was found for him when the First National Bank was organized on June 2, 1863. On June 20, 1865, he was made cashier, in which position he served with such ability and fidelity that when changes came about in the management of the bank, early in 1877, Mr. McCurdy was elected president, in which office he served continuously from that time until his death. During this period, covering some twenty-seven years, Mr. McCurdy gained for the bank a reputation which increased its usefulness and added materially to its strength. Although Mr. McCurdy's primary busineess was banking, he was on numerous occasions interested, for a short time, in some of the city's various important industries, and had a few tentative interests at other points. He was, however, a citizen devoted to Youngstown and took more interest in forwarding her enterprises than in investing else- 436 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY where, however flattering the outlook might seem. During the Civil War Mr. McCurdy was an active supporter of the Government. At its outbreak he enlisted as a member of the 155th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served three months in Virginia before he was stricken with typhoid fever, which resulted in his being discharged for disability. He was always a stanch supporter of the Republican party, and took an active part in its campaign work. On many occasions he served as a delegate to various important conventions. On September 19, 1878, Mr. McCurdy was married to Isabella Porter, a daughter of the late William Porter. Mrs. McCurdy and their three children still survive. They had two daughters, Isabel and Florence, and a son, Robert H. The eldest daughter, Isabel, is the wife of J. L. Grandin, a business man of Boston, Massachusetts. Mrs. McCurdy resides in one of Youngstown's finest residences, at No. 726 Wick avenue. From early manhood Mr. McCurdy was a consistent member of the First Presbyterian Church of Youngstown, serving its needs in many capacities—as Sunday school teacher, as clerk of the session and as elder for the twenty-six years preceding his death. In recalling Mr. McCurdy's many spheres of usefulness, his fellow citizens must always associate his memory with the Young Men's Christian Association, the Reuben McMillan Public Library Association, and the Rayen School. In 1869 Mr. McCurdy became a member of the first committee that met to organize a branch of the Young Men's Christian Association. Throughout the remainder of his life never did he lose his enthusiastic interest in the organization, over which he presided as president for five consecutive years. At the time of his decease, Mr. McCurdy was one of the trustees of the Reuben McMillan Public Library Association and it was mainly through his efforts that Youngstown acquired the fine library that it now possesses. He served from 1877 as one of the trustees of the Rayen School and was continually concerned in its .improvement and in the maintenance of the high school standard for which it is noted. He was vitally interested in many other noble and uplifting agencies in his city and gave to them the best that was in him. Mr. McCurdy was most charitably inclined, and never turned a deaf ear to an appeal on behalf of a worthy cause. His private charities were known only to those closest to him; the amounts so expended in relieving want and destitution were large indeed, and constituted the greater part of his benefactions. When contributions were solicited for the help of those who had been the victims of any public calamity, his name invariably headed the list with the largest amount. Personally Mr. McCurdy attached others to himself irresistibly. He commanded admiration for his fearless outlook on life and his untiring, energetic and thoroughly sincere struggle against anything that interfered with his convictions of r right. He was one who was always known as a dependable man, one who could never be swayed from the right course by sophistry or by an appeal to his personal feelings. All those who knew him were not his friends, because he was not in sympathy with much that he found in the mass of his fellow citizens, but none could be found who did not entirely respect him. His death occurred March 25, 1904, at his home in Youngstown, Ohio, after an illness of two years from Bright's disease. A portrait of this admirable citizen appears in connection with this article. GEN. THOMAS W. SANDERSON. a prominent lawyer and citizen, ex-banker, and author of this work, was born at Indiana. Indiana County, Pennsylvania, October 17. 1828. His father, Matthew D. Sanderson: who was of Scotch lineage, and a farmer by occupation. died at Warren, Ohio. in 1864. General Sanderson's mother, whose name in maidenhood was Mary Wakefield, was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. in the year of 1800. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 437 a daughter of Thomas Wakefield, and died in December, 1885, at Warren, Ohio. Thomas W. Sanderson came with his parents to Youngstown, Ohio, at the age of six years, and was here educated and grew to man's estate. In early life he was urged by his friends to prepare himself for the profession of law, which was suited to his tastes, and being ambitious to lead a professional life, he decided on that vocation. He began reading law under the direction of William Ferguson, at Youngstown, in 1847, and in 1852, when scarcely 23 years of age, was admitted to the bar by the district court at Canfield, then the county seat of Mahoning County. While studying law Mr. Sanderson also spent much time in civil engineering, and for a time after his admission to the bar, followed that occupation. In 1854 he began the practice of his chosen profession, in company with his brother-in-law, Francis C. Hutchins, with whom, however, he remained but a short time. Soon after beginning the practice of law he took appropriate rank at the bar, and in 1856 was elected to the office of prosecuting attorney for Mahoning County, in which he served one term. At the opening of the Civil War he had gained a large clientage and an enviable reputation at the bar, but he gave up his practice to take part in the struggle to maintain the union. On September 12, 1861. Ile enlisted in the Secc:nd Ohio Volunteer Cavalry at Cleveland, as Regimental Adjutant and First Lieutenant. He was promoted to Captain of Company K, Second Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, October 7, 1861. He served as Regimental Adjutant and as Assistant Adjutant-General of Doubleday's Brigade of Cavalry until May, 1862, when he resigned. He was appointed Major of the Tenth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry by Governor David Tod, on January 15, 1863. He was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel of the Tenth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, April 20, 1864: was promoted to Colonel of the Tenth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, January 19, 1865.; promoted to Brevet Brigadier-General, March 15, 1865. He was mustered out with the Tenth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, at Lexington, North Carolina, July 24, 1865. During the years of 1864-65 he was in command of brigades and divisions. :He was with General Rosecrans from Stone River, and participated in nearly all the actions in which the Army of the Cumberland was engaged. He was with General Sherman on the march to the sea and through the Corolinas until the surrender of General Johnston, taking part in a number of important battles. At Bear Creek Station, south of Atlanta, on the second day of Sherman's March to the Sea, General Sanderson, with one brigade of cavalry against three divisions of General 'heeler's cavalry, secured a clashing victory. His rank of Brigadier-General was conferred for gallantry in action. After the close of the great struggle General Sanderson returned to the practice of law at Youngstown, and now ranks as one of the leading lawyers of the state. His friends strongly urged his appointment to a Supreme Court judgeship, but in a personal letter to the General, President Harrison regretted his inability to make the appointment owing to the fact that three previous appointments to the Supreme bench had been made from Ohio. General Sanderson has ever been a well-defined Republican in politics, but has always refused to enter the arena as a candidate for civil office. In 1872 he was a delegate at large from Ohio to the National Republican convenition which nominated General Grant for re-election as President. As a railroad lawyer Mr. Sanderson has done much suc- cessful practice for several companies, and has won an enviable reputation for such form of practice. As a business man he is practical and successful, and is shrewd and accurate as a planner and calculator. He was formerly vice-president of the Commercial National Bank at Youngstown, but after serving some time he resigned, owing to the pressure of other business duties. He is however interested in several other business concerns. Mr. Sanderson was married December 19, 1854, to Miss Elizabeth Shoemaker, of 438 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY Youngstown, formerly of Pennsylvania. They have had two children, a daughter who died in July, 1901, and a son who died in early infancy. LUCIUS E. COCHRAN, whose numerous and important business interests and connections have made his name a familiar one all over and beyond the State of Ohio, and whose personal attributes have won him the confidence and esteem of his fellow-citizens at Youngstown, was born June 12, 1842, in Delaware County, Ohio, and is a son of Robert and Nancy (Hummason) Cochran. The Cochran family was founded in Trumbull County, Ohio, by George H. Cochran, the grandfather of our subject, who transferred his mercantile interests from Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1816, to Vienna, Ohio. His son Robert, one of his six children, passed the greater part of his life as an agricultirist in Logan County, where he and his wife were leading members of the Christian Church. They had a family of four sons and three daughters. Lucius E. Cochran was educated in the district schools and later took a commercial course at Pittsburg, following which he accepted a position as clerk in a general store. In 1862 he became bookkeeper for the firm of Andrews & Hitchcock, prominent business men of Youngstown, with whom he remained until 1867,. when he went into business for himself, becoming a member of the mercantile firm of Andrews Brothers & Company, at Haselton, Ohio. a suburb of Youngstown. In 188o Mr. Cochran was elected president and treasurer of a large business combination, which united the firms of Andrews Brothers, Andrews Brothers & Company. and the Niles Iron Company into a corporation known as the Andrews Brothers Company. In addition to the duties of this position, involving immense responsibility, Mr. Cochran is connected, either as a principal or important official, in some of the greatest combinations of capital and industry that now occupy the attention of the business world in this section. He was president of the Youngstown Car Manufacturing Company ; was also president of the Youngstown Bridge Company ; and is president of the Youngstown Iron & Steel Roofing Company ; president of the Youngstown Pressed Steel Company; president of the Mahoning Motor Car Company ; president of the G. M. McKelvey Company ; president of the Edwin Bell Company, conducting a cooperage business, of which he was one of the originators; president of the Mahoning Valley Water Company ; vice-president of the Commercial National Bank ; vice-president of the Morris Hardware Company; a director of the Youngstown Carriage & Wagon Company ; a director of the Ohio Steel Company, of which he was one of the founders, and a director of the Pittsburg, Cleveland & Toledo Railroad Company. He was one of the originators of the Mahoning & Shenango Dock Company, as well as of the Mahoning Ore Company, of which latter concern he was formerly vice-president. Mr. Cochran deserves the title of captain of industry, for he has reached his elevated position in the business world through a natural business genius. In 1868 Mr. Cochran was married to Mary Isabella Brownlee, a daughter of John and Leah (Powers) Brownlee. They had two sons, Robert B. and Chauncy A.. the former of whom is now deceased. Chauncy A. Cochran is a very prominent young- business man at Youngstown. and is secretary of the Youngstown Iron & Steel Roofing Company. and also of the Youngstown Pressed Steel Company. He married Sarah E. Davis, daughter of the late Hon. John R. Davis, of Youngstown, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this volume, and resides at No. 680 Bryson street. Youngstown. Mr. Cochran has always been identified politically with the Republican party. During his residence at Haselton he served 22 years as postmaster, being an appointee of President Grant. His fraternal connections include membership in all the highest AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 441 branches of Masonry, he having attained the 32nd degree. Both he and his wife are members of the Memorial Presbyterian Church at Youngstown. CHAUNCY HUMASON ANDREWS. Perhaps no citizen of the whole Mahoning valley presented, through a long and unusually active life, a more thorough ideal of the enterprising, successful business man than did the late Chauncy Humason Andrews, and yet this was but one side of his life. On the other was seen the cultured, traveled gentleman, the patron of art and literature and the silent partner from whose generosity came the means for the upbuilding of great charities. His life was prolonged to the age of the Psalmist, but it was all too short to finish much of the work his remarkable mind had planned and his energy brought into being. Chauncy Humason Andrews was born at Vienna, Trumbull County, Ohio, December 2, 1823, and died at his home at Youngstown, after a painful illness, December 25, 1893. His parents were Norman and Julia (Humason) Andrews. Norman Andrews was born in 1799, at Hartford, Connecticut, and in 1818 located in Trumbull County, Ohio, where he engaged in farming and mercantile business. He was one of the pioneer hotel keepers at Youngstown, opening the Mansion House here in 1842, which he conducted until he retired from business in 1850. By his first marriage he had three sons and three daughters. Chauncy H. Andrews was educated at Youngstown. The old brick building, which served as school house in his boyhood, long since gave way to city improvements, St. John's Protestant Episcopal Church standing on its site. When he was about 18 years of age, he left his books and began to assist his father in the hotel. His mother died in 1848, and two years later his father disposed of the hotel business. The young man then became associated with a fellow townsman and together they carried on for a time a successful mercantile business under the name of Brenneman & Andrews; but in 1853 they were ;overtaken by reverses. Mr. Andrews then returned to the hotel business and continued as manager of the Mansion House for some four years. In the meantime he had become interested in coal mining and had ventured almost all he possessed in pushing his investments. In 1857 Mr. Andrews justified his predictions and perseverance, opening up what was known as the Thorn Hill coal bank, on the Baldwin farm. From that time on, through enterprises of larger and larger magnitude, Mr. Andrews continued his successful career, becoming the promoter, operator and owner of mines, rolling mills, railroads and great financial institutions, farms and high-grade stock, bonds and securities, acquiring all those varied possessions which make the millionaire. In recalling some of his greatest enterprises, it will be seen that a majority of them were designed to be of benefit to his own community ; in fact, Mr. Andrews was one of the makers of Youngstown. In 1876 Mr. Andrews was one of the promoters and organizers of the Pittsburg & Lake Erie Railroad Company ; he was chiefly instrumental in organizing the Commercial National Bank of Youngstown, of which he was president and stockholder at the time of his death; he was vice-president of the Second National Bank of Youngstown ; he was interested in the management of the Savings Bank, which has since been merged into the Mahoning National Bank; with other capitalists, he built the Montour Railroad ; in 1879 he established the Imperial Coal Company, which owns one of the largest and finest coal fields in Western Pennsylvania ; in connection with the corporations of which he was a member, he opened three extensive limestone quarries in Mahoning County, Ohio, and Lawrence County, Pennsylvania ; in 188o, with W. C. Andrews and William McCreery, he obtained the charter for the Pittsburg, Youngstown & Chicago Railroad Company, of which he later became president, and he was one of the Hocking Valley syndicate and - 25 - 442 - HISTORY OF AIAHONING COUNTY a director and stockholder in the Hocking Valley Railroad Company. The above enumeration takes in but a small portion of the many interests which felt his influence. For years his strength seemed inexhaustible, but at last nature asserted herself and the time came when the busy hand had to rest and the tireless foot stand still. The brain kept on, however, and even when racked with pain Mr. Auclrews was still able to send out from that clear mentality, which continued to the last, directions for the carrying on of his vast industries which were heeded by his thousands of employees. In 1857 Mr. Andrews was married to Louisa Baldwin, of the old Mahoning County family, and they had two daughters, Edith H., widow of the late John A. Logan, Jr., and Julia L., wife of L. C. Bruce, both residents of New York City. Mrs. Andrews still survives and resides in one of the palatial homes of Youngstown, at No. 750 Wick avenue. In all that goes to make up perfect citizenship, the late Chauncy H. Andrews was a model— law-abiding, liberal and public-spirited. He voted with the Republican party, but his life was too thoroughly absorbed by his many private enterprises to permit him to ever consent to consider political position. His political friends, however, were numerous and included among them those whose names have reflected the greatest luster upon the commonwealth of Ohio. Around his deathbed gathered persons of distinction who were anxious to minister to his wants, and one of the honorary pall bearers was the late President William McKinley, then Governor of Ohio, for whom he entertained a warm, personal friendship. Other members of this notable gathering were : Governor Russell A. Alger, of Michigan. lately deceased the late John Newell, president of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad Company; Judge Stephenson Burke, the great railroad lawyer of Cleveland; General Orlando Smith, of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company ; W. J. Hitchcock; J. W. McKinnie. of Cleveland; General Thomas W. Sanderson L. E. Cochran ; the. late Henry Tod; J. G. Butler, Jr., and and the late General J. L. Botsford. All of these distinguished men of great affairs had been closely associated with Mr. Andrews in business or public or social life and to each one his death came with a sense of personal loss. The journals of his city united in naming him the foremost citizen of the great Mahoning Valley and placed him with the foremost industrial organizers of the state. They laid emphasis on his public spirit, his well-directed energy, his persevering courage in the face of early discouragements, his great executive ability and his unbounded generosity. Scarcely any worthy charity or philanthropic enterprise of all this section but felt his quickening help. and his hand was extended on many occasions to rescue dying enterprises or to give the needed impetus to languishing industries. Personally, Mr. Andrews was magnetic. He possessed the suave, affable manner of the man of social graces and at the same time the hearty geniality which can never be mistaken for insincerity. A portrait of this distinguished citizen may be seen on a neighboring page of this volume. CHAUNCY A. COCHRAN, secretary of the Youngstown Iron and Steel Roofing Company and of the Youngstown Pressed Steel Company, is one of the prominent young business men of Youngstown. of which city he is a native. He is a son of Lucius E. and Mary Isabella (Brownlee) Cochran of Youngstown. Lucius E. Cochran was born in Delaware County, Ohio. June 12, 1842, and is a son of Robert and Nancy (Hummason) Cochran. and a grandson of George H. Cochran, a merchant of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. who transferred his mercantile interests to Vienna, Ohio, in 1816. Robert Cochran was a farmer by vocation and resided the greater part of his life in Logan County, Ohio. In 1862 Lucius E. Cochran, after having pursued a commercial course at Pittsburg, became bookkeeper for the firm of Andrews & Hitchcock, of Youngstown, AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 443 and five years later became a member of the manufacturing firm of Andrews Brothers & Company, of Haselton, Ohio. In 1880 this concern was consolidated with the firm. of Andrews Brothers and the' Niles Iron Company and Mr. Cochran was made the first president and treasurer of the new concern. He has extensive interests in various manufacturing concerns and ranks as one of the foremost men of the Mahoning Valley. In 1868 he married Mary Isabella Brownlee, a daughter of John and Leah (Powers) Brownlee. Into their household were born two sons : Robert B., who died at the age of 32 years; and Chauncy A. Chauncy A. Cochran was educated in the public schools of Youngstown and subsequently attended Peekskill Military Academy at Peekskill. New York, from which her graduated. Upon attaining manhood he engaged with his father in the manufacturing, business and is now secretary of the Youngstown Iron & Steel Roofing Company and of the Youngstown Pressed Steel Company. of which concerns his father is president and chief stockholder. Mr. Cochran married Sarah E. Davis, a daughter of the late Hon. John R. Davis, who for many years was prominent in Mahoning County both in public and business life. Mr. Davis was educated at Western University, Pittsburg, and then for three years filled the position of private secretary to Hon. A. Howells. United States Consul at Cardiff, Wales. Upon returning to his native country in 1864, he enlisted in the 155th Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in which he served until the Close of the war. On January 1, 1867, he was married to Maria S. Richards. a native of Tioga County, Pennsylvania. After his marriage he was engaged in mercantile pursuits at Youngstown until 1872. when he was elected sheriff of Mahoning County, being reelected in 1874. On retiring from office January 1, 1877, he engaged in a real estate and insurance business, in which he was interested until his death, which took place February 13, 1900. His sons, John R.. and Ralph G., now conduct the business under the style of John R. Davis' Sons. Mr. Davis was elected a member of the General Assembly of Ohio in 1889 and reelected in 1891. Four sons and one daughter, Mrs. Cochran, survive him. Mr. and Mrs. Chauncy A. Cochran are the parents of two children—Lucius D. and Maria. The family home is located at No. 680 Bryson street. Mr. and Mrs. Cochran are members of the Memorial Presbyterian Church of Youngstown. The former is a Republican in politics, a member of a Masonic fraternity. and belongs to the leading clubs of the city. CHARLES R. TRUESDALE, a prominent member of the bar at Youngstown, and a survivor of the great Civil War to which he devoted four years of his early manhood, in which for loyalty's sake he. suffered hardship and imprisonment, was born in Mahoning County, Ohio, September 15, 1841, and is a son of Alexander and Harriet (Leach) Truesdale. Mr. Truesdale comes of Revolutionary stock, his grandfather, John Truesdale, having served under General Washington. His father. Alexander Truesdale, was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, and was one of six brothers, who came to Mahoning County as pioneers, he being at . that time 15 years of age. Subsequently he married Harriet Leach, who, with her two sisters and the father, came to Mahoning County, from Morristown, New Jersey. Alexander Truesdale and wife 'had ten children, the youngest, Joseph, perishing in the Civil War. The mother died in 1866 and was survived by the father until 1874. From the farm and the school room, Charles R. Truesdale went into the Union army, in August, 1861, serving faithfully Until the close of the war, under two enlistments. His first service was as .a private of Company E, Second Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, and later, after re-enlistment, as a non-commissioned officer in the same company. He par: ticipated in all of the important engagements in which his regiment took part and, although he escaped injury of a permanent nature, he 444 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY was twice made a prisoner of war. He was captured first in 1863, at Greenville, Eastern Tennessee,, but made his escape and rejoined his regiment. His second adventure of this kind was in July, 1864, at Monocacy Junction, Maryland. He was held a prisoner, first at Danville and later at Libby Prison, until his exchange, February 22, 1865, but was kept on parole until his discharge in the following June. Upon his return, with a soldier's record of which he has every reason to be proud, he completed his education at the Western Reserve College, graduating in the class of 1871. After a period of law reading in the office of Taylor & Jones, at Warren, Ohio, Mr. Truesdale was admitted to the bar in 1872, and entered upon the practice of his profession at Youngstown. He was ambitious and entered into local politics, and in 1875 was elected prosecuting attorney of Mahoning County, in which office he served most efficiently through two terms. Since retiring therefrom he has devoted himself to a large private practice and has long been recognized as one of the leading men of his profession in the city. His office is at No. 22 South Phelps street. In 1872, the year of his admission to the bar, Mr. Truesdale was married to Louise M. Jacobs, a daughter of Nicholas Jacobs, of Coitsville, Ohio. Of this union there were two children—Joseph R. and Phoebe K. Joseph R. Truesdale is a graduate of Princeton University, class of 1904, and of Columbia Law School, 1907, and is now entering upon the practice of his profession in New York City. The daughter, Phoebe K. Truesdale, a graduate of Vassar College, class of 1899, resides with her father. Mr. Truesdale, with his family, belongs to the Presbyterian Church. January 1, 1902, Mr. Truesdale was bereaved of his wife, who was a lady of many virtues and beautiful Christian character. In his political sentiments, Mr. Truesdale has always been affiliated with the Republican party. Fraternally he is a Mason ; he belongs also to the Grand Army of the Republic. LEWIS HENRY YOUNG, capitalist, farmer and leading citizen of Mahoning County, is president of the Mineral Ridge Manufacturing Company, a stockholder in the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, a director in the Niles Car Works, a director in the First National Bank and the Dollar Savings Bank at Niles, .a stockholder in the Dollar Savings and Trust Bank and the Commercial Bank at Youngstown, and president of the De Lasatunas Fruit Company of Cuba, which has its office on Federal street, Youngstown ; president of the Youngstown Furnace Company ; vice-president of the Youngstown Cattle Company. In addition to the above interests, Mr. Young owns 218 acres of fine farming land, a part of which lies in Trumbull County, 88 acres, however, being situated in Mahoning County, two miles west of Mineral Ridge. Mr. Young was born in Austintown township, Mahoning County, Ohio, October 18, 1861, and is a son of Henry and Julia (Wappler) Young. Henry Young, father of Lewis H., was born and grew to manhood in Germany, where he learned the trade of stone mason. He was married in Germany to Julia Wappler, and three children were born to them before they emigrated to America, namely : Philip, Susanna, who married August Kroeck, and resides in Austintown township ; and William, who is deceased. In 1853, accompanied by his family, Henry Young came to the United States, locating for the first two years at Cleveland. He then came down to Mineral Ridge to put in the foundations for the old blast furnaces which J. Warner was then erecting. While working on that contract, Mr. Young became so well satisfied with the surrounding country that he bought a residence situated between Austin-town and Mineral Ridge in which he continued to live until his death. He continued to do a large amount of contract work thereafter both in Mahoning and Trumbull counties, and was thus engaged up to the time of the Civil War, when he enlisted, in 1861, in the 121st Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He served in this regi- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 447 ment until the close of the war, participating in a number of battles, and was promoted to the rank of corporal. He died in March, 1874, aged 49 years, and was survived by his widow until, 1892, her age at the time of her death being 68 years. The seven children born after the family came to America were: Elizabeth, who married Henry R. Rupf ; August, of whom there is no special mention; Lena, who married Charles Seifert; Lewis H., whose name begins this article; Rose, deceased; Julia, wife of Thomas W. Creed; and Louisa, who resides with her brother, Lewis H. Lewis H. Young grew to manhood on the home place and was educated in the Austin-town schools. His eldest brother taking up the father's business, Lewis learned the stone ma- son's trade with him, and became his foreman. When Lewis was about 20 years old he lost his brother, and the business came to him and his other brothers. His first contract was for the masonry on the P. C. & T. Railroad, now the Pittsburg and Western branch of the Baltimore & Ohio system. The contract called for the building of the masonry between Girard and Warren, the amount involved being about $50,000. From the successful completion of this work, Mr. Young has continued his contract work, dealing mainly in bridge contracting, calling for heavy masonry, and railroad work. Mr. Young carries on general farming and is also largely interested in the breeding of Shropshire sheep, Jersey cattle and fine horses. He made his first purchase of land in 1893, in Trumbull County, but sold it as he also did land in Jackson township. He has, however, always retained the 30 acres, which he received from his mother. Since 1881 Mr. Young has resided on his well-kept farm which is situated on the line between Mahoning and Trumbull counties, on which he erected his commodious and attractive ten-room residence and substantial barn and other buildings. This is a beautiful place, neatly surrounded by well-trimmed hedges and evidences are on every side of thrift and prosperity. On February 14, 1890, Mr. Young was married to Ida A. Ohl, who was born on the present farm, in September, 1868, and is a daughter of William and Eliza (Maurer) Ohl. Her mother was born and died at Austintown. William Ohl married, second, Irene Kennedy of Cortland, Ohio, and they reside at Warren. Mrs. Young has two brothers: Alva M., residing at Warren, where he is engaged in the clothing business; and Charles F., a lawyer, residing at Youngstown. Mr. and Mrs. Young have four children: William, Laverne, Lemar and Arthur. Fraternally Mr. Young is connected with the Masonic lodge at Niles, the Elks at Youngstown, and the Knights of Pythias at Jackson. HON. JOSEPH R. JOHNSTON, one of Youngstown's most prominent citizens, a member of both bench and bar, and also a surviving officer of the great Civil War, was born at Jackson, Mahoning County, Ohio, September 12, 1840, and is a son of John and Caroline (Roberts) Johnston. Judge Johnston comes of Scotch-Irish stock, his grandfather having been born in Ireland and his grandmother in Scotland. In 1811 they came to Milton township, Mahoning County, Ohio, and here spent the remainder of their lives. John Johnston, father of Judge Johnston, was born in 1800 in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, and died at Jackson, Mahoning County, Ohio, in 1868. In this county he was married to Caroline Roberts, who was born in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. Her great-grandfather, William Roberts, was a soldier of the Revolution. Her parents came to Ohio in 1816 and settled in Jackson township, Mahoning County, not far, from the Johnston homestead. Mr. and Mrs. Johnston had these children: John Z., Louise, Joseph R. and David R. Joseph R. Johnston spent his early life on his father's farm and attended the academies at both Canfield and Jackson. He had not at- 448 - HISTORY OF MAHONING COUNTY tained his majority when he enlisted for service in the Civil War, in August, 1861, entering as a private Company E, Second Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. On February 17, 1863, he received his commission as second lieutenant of the 25th Battery, Ohio Light Artillery,. which had been organized out of his former regiment. He remained in the service until September, 1864, when illness caused his resignation. He had participated in many of the great battles of the war and his regiment was one of which Ohio had reason to be proud. Immediately upon his return from the army, the young soldier entered upon the study of the law and was admitted to the bar on September 12, 1866. From that time to the present he has continued in his profession, gathering a wide experience and many laurels. His private practice has only been interrupted during his terms on the bench, and also during the years in which he served in the state senate. Immediately after his admission to the bar, Mr. Johnston, with no previous experience except such as he secured while clerk of the probate court, was brought forward by the Republican party and was elected probate judge, and in 1869 was re-elected. Upon his retirement from. the bench, he took up practice at Canfield, where he remained until 1888, when he located permanently at Youngstown. In 1875 Judge Johnston become the logical candidate of his party for the state senate, and in the ensuing campaign proved his strength and was elected to the office, representing the senatorial district composed of Mahoning and Trumbull Counties. Judge Johnston was returned to the senate by re-election in 1877 and during a part of this period he did very efficient work in legislation as a member of the judiciary committee. Seven years of private practice of his profession followed his long term of public service, and then he was again called to the bench, being elected judge of the Court of Common Pleas, of the Second Sub-Division of the Ninth District. He was re-elected to this office in 1891. During his years in public life, his course both as statesman and jurist gained for him the confidence, respect and admiration of his fellow-citizens. Since 1897 he has quietly followed his profession at Youngstown.' His commodious offices are situated at No. 3 West Federal street, and his handsome residence at No. 533 Wick avenue. Judge Johnston was married in 1868. to Mary S. Hartsell, a most estimable woman of rare culture and attainments. She died April 25, 1906. Fraternal relations with the various Masonic bodies are held by Judge Johnston. and he belongs also to the r Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States and to Tod Post, No. 29, Grand Army of the Republic. His connections with professional bodies are numerous and at various times he has held offices of responsibility in educational and philanthropical institutions, being one of the incorporators of the Northeastern Ohio Normal College at Canfield, Ohio, and for many years was one of the trustees thereof. His portrait is published in connection with this article. HON. JOHN R. DAVIS was for many years one of Youngstown's most prominent and influential citizens, closely identified with her business interests and a potent factor in political life. Mr. Davis was born at Paris. Portage County, Ohio, July 26. 1840. and died February 13, 1900. His parents, Rev. Rees and Esther (Evans) Davis, were natives of Wales. The father, who was a pioneer Baptist preacher. came in 1830 to Eastern Ohio, where he labored with zeal and fidelity until his death. which took place in 1858. while he was filling a charge at Paris. Ohio. The mother of Mr. Davis came to America with her first husband. in 1831. He died in the following year, and in 1833 she was united with Rev. Rees Davis, whom she survived until 186r. The boyhood of John R. Davis was healthily spent on a farm and he was afforded ex- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 449 cellent educational opportunities. In 1864 he enlisted in Company C, 155th Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war. After his marriage, in 1867, Mr. Davis became associated with his brother-in-law, W. J. Hughes, in a mercantile business at Youngstown, and was thus occupied until the winter of 1872, when he disposed of his interests to Mr. Hughes. From 1872 to 1877, official life claimed his attention, but in the latter year he embarked in a real estate and insurance business, in which he continued until his death. His sons have continued the insurance business under the firm style of John R. Davis' Sons, with an office at No. 137 West Federal street, Youngstown. Theirs is one of the largest and most important general insurance agencies in the city, representing the leading risk companies in the lines of fire, tornado, life, accident, health, liability, burglar, plate glass and boiler insurance. From early manhood Mr. Davis took a deep interest in public affairs and in the period of the Civil War identified himself with the Republican party. In the fall of 1872 he was elected sheriff of Mahoning County and was re-elected on the close of his first term. retiring on January 1, 1877. During his incum bency the court house was moved to Youngstown. Aside from serving most acceptably as a member of the Youngstown Board of Education. Mr. Davis was not prominent in public life from 1877 until 1889, when his party elected him a member of the General Assembly, re-electing him in 1891. During his long term of public service he was no figure-head : the records of the sixty-ninth and seventieth general assemblies show how active he was in performing his full duty to his constituents and set forth the important measures that he presented, which subsequently were incorporated in the state laws. On January 1, 1867, Mr. Davis was united in marriage with Maria S. Richards. who was born in Tioga County. Pennsylvania, and is a daughter of William and Sarah Richards and a sister of former Lieutenant-Governor Richards of Ohio. The parents of Mrs. Davis were natives of Swansea, Wales. The children born to this marriage were : Albert R. and Charles W., both residents of Cleveland, Ohio, where they are engaged in the insurance business; Sarah E., residing at No. 68o Bryson street, who is the wife of Chauncey A. Cochran, secretary of the Youngstown Iron & Steel Roofing Company, as well as of the Youngstown Pressed Steel Company; John R., residing at No. 427 Thomas street, who is a member of the general insurance firm of John R. Davis' Sons; and Ralph G., also a member of the firm. From youth Mr. Davis was a consistent member of the Baptist Church and served that body at Youngstown as a deacon and trustee. He was a man who stood deservedly high both in public and private life and will be recalled whenever Youngstown's citizens of unblemished character, sterling integrity and great usefulness are remembered. GEORGE SYLVANUS BEARD, one of Beaver township's most substantial citizens, resides on a beautiful farm of 289 acres, a part of the Beard section, and owns also 325 acres situated in Green township. Mr. Beard was born on his farm April 21, 1846, and is a son of Jacob and Sophia (Leitsey) Beard. Extended mention of the Beard family, with its ancestry, will be found in another part of this work. George S. Beard was reared on the present farm, and owing to the death of his father while he was still young, his educational opportunities were somewhat limited. General farming and stock-raising have been familiar occupations with him all his life. For a number of years he devoted a great deal of attention to raising horses, cattle and sheep, but now he carries on general agriculture and keeps many milch cows, the product of which goes to the creameries in which his sons are concerned. In 1898 Mr. Beard, together with his brother Monroe, started a creamery just across the road from his home. which they