(RETURN TO THE MAHONING COUNTY INDEX)

300 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY Youngstown, and as a dealer in shoes of all kinds has built up a highly satisfactory trade, his upright dealings having won for him the confidence of his numerous customers. A son of De Witt C. Klingensmith, he was born, January 8, 1866, in Conneautville, Pennsylvania. De Witt C. Klingensmith, who was undoubtedly named for De Witt Clinton, of Erie Canal fame, he having been one of its strongest advocates, was himself not only a blacksmith, but a pioneer canal man. Moving with his family to Sharon, Pennsylvania, in 1872, he remained there until 1881, when he located in Youngstown, where he is still a resident. His wife, whose maiden name was Harriet Brown, died in 1888, aged forty-seven years. But six years old when, his parents located in Sharon, Pennsylvania, Charles B. Klingensmith there attended the district schools, completing his early education at the Rayen High School, in which he was a pupil for a short time after the family came to Youngstown. Subsequently securing employment with the McKelvey Company, he worked in their shoe department for $3 a week, good wages in those days, and during the six years he remained with that firm he received frequent promotions, eventually becoming manager of his department and the buyer for it. His acquired knowledge of the business and his experience in buying and selling giving him confidence in his abilities, Mr. Klingensmith formed a co-partnership with William F. Proctor, and opened a retail shoe store which proved to be a profitable undertaking. In 1914 the business was incorporated with Mr. Klingensmith as treasurer of the concern, and an important factor in advancing its interests. Mr. Klingensmith is also connected with the Cohasset Realty Company as its vice president. In 1894 Mr. Klingensmith was united in marriage with Miss Nellie McMillen, of Cleveland, and of their union two children have been born, namely: Harriette, wife of William D. Jones, Jr., and Henry M., of Youngstown. Mr. Klingensmith is a member of the First Christian Church, and is one of its directors. W. ELY AINGE. Skilled in every art and science connected with the keeping or examining of books, W. Ely Ainge, a public accountant and auditor, is a valuable assistant in the management of the mercantile affairs of the huge iron and steel industries of Youngstown, and is widely known in his especial work, having acquired an international reputation as an accountant. A native of England, he was born in Warwick, April 19, 1851, and there spent his earlier years, moving to Halifax, Yorkshire, about 1869, where he entered the employ of J. D. Taylor & Co., chartered accountants, afterwards being admitted a partner in said concern, until his removal to Liverpool in 1880, where he formed a partnership known as Walter, Craven & Ainge. Immigrating from Liverpool, England, to the United States in 1889, Mr. Ainge located first in Cortland, New York, where he became identified with the Cortland Wagon Company as its chief accountant. He afterward spent two years in Roanoke, Virginia, being business manager during the time for a number of large industrial concerns. Coming from there to Youngstown in 1893, Mr. Ainge installed the accounting and cost system and served as auditor for the Ohio Steel Company until it was absorbed by the National Steel Trust in 1897, when he began the practice of accountancy, in which he was especially proficient. Organizing the Art Metal Construction Company in Jamestown, New York, in 1900, he was appointed business manager, and in that city established a home which he still maintains. Going to Buffalo, New York, in 1902, Mr. Ainge established an accounting office in that city, and also one in Youngstown, Ohio. He subsequently put in the accounting system for the coal department of the Lackawanna & Western Railroad Company at Buffalo and in 1912 installed the accounting and cost system now used by the Brier Hill Steel Company, Youngstown, Ohio. In July, 1916, he organized the W. Ely Ainge Accounting Company, having for his associates in the enterprise J. E. Parker, secretary of the Brier Hill Steel Company; J. J. Brant, general auditor of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company; and W. I. Davies, cashier of the Mahoning National Bank. Mr. Ainge is widely known, not only in this country but in England, his native land, as a chartered accountant of considerable ability in organizing and installing cost and account systems in large corporations, especially in the iron and steel industry. Mr. Ainge married, September 1, 1871, Susan Taylor, daughter of J. D. Taylor, F. C. A. (Fellow Chartered Accountants), of Bradford, and Halifax, England. Nine children have blessed the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Ainge, namely : Fred W., manager of the claims department of the Bethlehem Steel Company ; Edith a young militant suffragist of the National Woman's party, who with several of the New York leaders of the party, was imprisoned in the Occoquan Workhouse for a demonstration at the White House, in Washington, District of Columbia; Jessie, Maud, Winifred, Harold, a captain in the Quartermaster's Department, U. S. A., at Washington ; Peter of Portland, Oregon, president of the P. J. Ainge Company ; Gilbert, with the Library Bureau at Ilion, New York; and Clifford Douglas, who served in France with Base Hospital Unit No. 31 and since his return has been with the Library Bureau, New York. HARRY G. HAMILTON. Possessing rare business judgement and discrimination and a keenness of vision that has kept him alert to the needs of the hour, Harry G. Hamilton, of Youngstown has always been found among the leaders of any movement with which he became associated, many of the more beneficial enterprises that have been of inestimable value in the upbuilding of the city and its suburbs owing their success in a large measure to the impetus they received from his fertile brain. A son of the late Homer Hamilton, he was born, in 1865, in Youngstown, coming from honored ancestry and from Revolutionary stock, his maternal great-grandfather, William Roberts, having served as a major of the Third Battalion from Bucks County, Pennsylvania, during the Revolutionary war. An expert mechanical engineer, Homer Hamilton acted as consultant engineer in all of the mines and steel mills of Mahoning County. He married Adeline YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 301 Roberts, who has also passed to the life beyond and of their children three are living, as follows: Frederick B., who served as a mechanical engineer under William Tod; Grant, known as the dean of American cartoonists, and Harry G. Having acquired a practical education in the public schools of Youngstown, Harry G, Hamilton went southward in search of wealth and adventure and spent eighteen months driving cattle on the Texas plains. Returning to the city of his birth rich in experience, he worked for awhile for the Pittsburgh, Cleveland & Toledo Railroad Company, and in 1890 was city editor of the Independent, a Youngstown paper of that day. Resigning from that position in 1892, he became associated with Richard Brown as superintendent of one of the mills belonging to the Ontario Rolling Mill Company, now known as the Canada Steel Company, Limited, joining the organization as office man, and being given $1.25 a day wages. In 1893 he received an interest in a rolling mill at Burlington, Iowa, and there had charge of it for eighteen months. The venture proving a failure in that city, Mr. Hamilton removed the mill to Tacoma, Washington, and there met with great success in its management. Business propositions in the East with which he was connected demanding his attention, Mr. Hamilton sold his interest in the Tacoma Mill, and returned to Youngstown to give his entire time and attention to the construction of the Park & Falls Railroad, one of his pet enterprises. During the building of the road, Mr. Hamilton formed a syndicate with W. H. Parks, and was subsequently largely instrumental in developing the South Side property, not only buying the Youngstown Gas & Electric Light Company, but building the Youngstown & Sharon Railway from Sharon to Sharpsville, the Park Theater, and a number of attractive residences. At the completion of those enterprises Mr. Parks relinquished his interest in the syndicate, and Mr. Hamilton organized and promoted the Mahoning Valley Water Company, having as associates G. M. McKelvey, Mason Evans, and L. E. Cochran, Mr. Evans being made president, and Mr. Hamilton first vice president. The company built the present reservoirs which are rightly known as the life blood of the valley, and also the dam at Struthers. In the up- building of all these undertakings, Mr. Hamilton, who inherited from his father great mechanical talent, has been active in the engineering departments. Mr. Hamilton has other interests of immense value, controlled by George H. Boyd of Sharon and Mr. Hamilton of the Shenango Water Company, which was promoted to furnish water throughout the Shenango Valley. In association with Henry Wick, he bought for George Gould a terminal for the Wabash Railroad, which was later sold to the New fork Central Railroad Company, the Gould plan for bringing the road into Youngstown falling through. Throughout Mr. Hamilton's active career there is seen a breadth of vision granted to but few men, his development of the South Side being not the only enterprise that has been of great benefit to the city, as he bought the land, and laid out the enterprising little town he named East Youngstown; while the transportation facilities, and the water advantages and privileges are largely due to his clear foresight. Mr. Hamilton married, in 1891, Elizabeth Thompson of Canada, and they have three children, Harry, Frederick and Alice. HOMER HAMILTON. Born in humble circumstances, and reared in the school of adversity and stern experience, Homer Hamilton, late of Youngstown, became in truth the architect of his own fortunes, a brief resume of his life furnishing to the rising generation a forcible illustration of the material success to be achieved by persevering industry and a wise system of economy. Leaving school at the age-of sixteen years, Homer Hamilton began an apprenticeship at the machinist's trade with Reed & Wells, receiving $25 a year for his services. The firm failing at the end of two years, he went to Warren, Ohio, and was there employed for two years in Hull's Machine Shop, becoming proficient in his trade. Returning then to Youngstown he formed a partnership with James Predmore, becoming junior member of the firm of Predmore & Hamilton, located on East Boardman Street, where the first work turned out by the newly established company was the building of portable steam engines for use in the Mecca Oil Fields, which were then being developed in Trumbull County. The firm of Predmore & Hamilton was dissolved in 1861, John Stambaugh purchasing the interest of the senior member, and the business was continued under the name of Homer Hamilton & Company. The firm later became identified with the Hamilton Works of William Tod & Company, of which Mr. Hamilton was manager, a position that he filled most ably and satisfactorily. Mr. Hamilton was a born mechanic, and as a commissioner for Ohio at the Exposition held in New Orleans in the winter of 1883-84 his services were in constant demand to adjust and regulate intricate machinery. Previously he had rendered valuable aid in making a fine exhibit of the iron products and mineral resources of the Mahoning Valley at the Centennial Exposition held in Philadelphia in 1876. He was a prominent and influential member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, which is composed of the foremost mechanics of the world, and several of the papers that he read before the association were widely published. Mr. Hamilton continued his residence in Youngstown until his death. He married Adeline Roberts, a granddaughter of Maj. William Roberts, an offrcer in the Revolutionary army. Three children blessed their marriage, namely: Frederick, a mechanical engineer, who served in that capacity under William Tod; Grant, who has acquired fame as an American cartoonist; and Harry G., a live, wide-awake citizen of Youngstown. Mrs. Hamilton has also passed to the higher life. JOHN J. CONNOR. The assistant superintendent o t e ment of the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, John J. Connor, belongs to that class of men who have relied upon their own abilities and resources to carry them to positions of responsibility rather than upon the assistance of 302 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY wealth or influence. His has been a career in which he has fought his way steadily upward from the bottom of the ladder, and his success, which is not inconsiderable, is all the more satisfying, in that it has been self-gained. Mr. Connor was born in Venango County, Pennsylvania, August 20, 1871, a son of Michael and Mary E. (Fitzgerald) Connor, natives of Ireland. His parents were young people when they came to the United, States, separately, and met and were married at Oil City, Pennsylvania. Throughout his career, Michael Connor was a railroad man and had much to do with the construction and grading of the Allegheny Railroad from Pittsburgh to Oil City, Pennsylvania. Both he and Mrs. Connor are living in comfortable retirement at that place, where they have numerous warm friends and are greatly respected and esteemed for their many estimable traits of character. They became the parents of eight children, of whom John J. is the third in order of birth. John J. Connor passed his boyhood days at Pittsburgh, where he attended the public schools, and when he was about fourteen years of age started out in life for himself as a "buggy boy" at the Butler furnaces. Later he was with the Continental Tube Company, of Pittsburgh, then removing to Oil City, where he became foreman of the butt and lap furnaces. Later he became general foreman of these two, which had then become a part of the National Tube Company, and in June, 1903, came to Youngstown, as general foreman of the butt weld and lap weld furnaces. In 1909 he was made assistant superintendent of the tube department, a position which he has since continued to fill. He is one of the splendidly capable, strictly reliable and forcefully energetic men of the plant, and has the confidence of the officials and the respect and friendship of the men in his charge. He is a member of the Roman Catholic Church, and in his political views maintains an independent stand. On April 25, 1894, Mr. Connor was united in marriage with Miss Mary F. Hynes, of Oil City, Pennsylvania, and they are the parents of seven children, namely: Helen, Beatrice, Elizabeth, Loretta, John J., Jr., Isabel and Edward. SAMUEL CLARK SIMONTON. To the ordinary individual the science dealing with higher mathematics, is a labyrinth which comparatively few willingly enter, and it is with wonder and often secret envy that they realize what more favored persons accomplish, with apparent ease, in a field so mysterious to them. An expert accountant is undoubtedly born so. With men like Samuel Clark Simonton, public accountant and originator of financial systems, who has loved figures since boyhood, and has preferably served all his business life in positions in which this taste could be called into play, it is as much a natural endowment as would be musical or artistic gifts. Samuel Clark Simonton, senior member of the firm of Simonton & Jones, accountants, at Youngstown, was born in this city October 9, 1870. His parents were Levi J. and Charlotte Jane (Lett) Simonton, the former of whom died April 3, 1895, and the latter July 8, 1908. The Simontons are old people of Youngstown, the first of the family being pioneers with John Young. The father of Samuel C. Simonton was a man of substantial standing and good repute, and for years was superintendent of the BrownBonnell Iron Company, now the Republic Iron and Steel Company. In 1892 he was elected city commissioner and was prominent in other ways. Samuel C. Simonton was graduated from the Rayen High School in June, 1889, and immediately became self-supporting. In 1892 he went with the BrownBonnell Iron Company in a clerical capacity, and continued as chief clerk after the reorganization of the concern into the Republic Iron and Steel Company, a position he filled until 1901. In that year he became interested in the furniture business, and until April, 1905, was secretary and treasurer of the McElroy Furniture Company. Shortly after retiring from this connection, Mr. Simonton embarked in business for himself as an accountant, and in this profession has few equals. He has worked out many systems for corporations and for individuals, for accurate and rapid transactions of trade and finance. Since May, 1918, he has had a partner in Arthur L. Jones, and the business is conducted under the firm name of Simonton & Jones. In June, 1900, Mr. Simonton was united in marriage to Miss Rebecca B. Watson, of New Castle, Pennsylvania. Although never active politically, Mr. Simonton has always been deeply interested in the advancement and general welfare of his native city, where he has made investments and has preferred to spend his life. LOUIS REGENSTREICH Although born and bred in a far-away land, Louis Regenstreich of Youngstown has become familiar with American ways, methods, and institutions, and through his loyalty to them, and his faithfulness in upholding the laws of his adopted country is eminently worthy of the position he so proudly holds as a citizen of the United States. He was born, May 10, 1882, in Trg Neantz, Roumania, being the only child of his parents, who were Jews. Growing to manhood in Roumania, and acquiring there a common school education, Louis Regenstreich chafed under the restrictions passed by the Roumanians on the Jewish people, and determined to seek a broader and freer field of action, where development and advancement depended upon individuality rather than race. Immigrating to the United States in January, 1903, he immediately came to Youngstown, joining the only friend he had in America, L. Lebo, witz. Securing a position as clerk in Shuman's grocery, he remained there three years, receiving $3 a week and his board. In 1906, with a capital in hand of $150, he formed a partnership with F. Lupson, who had an equal sum of money to invest, and opened a grocery on East Boardman Street. Buying out his partner's interest in 1908, Mr. Regenstreich continued in business alone for three years, when, in 1911, he was joined by A. Kamenetzky, whose experience as a dealer in specialties encouraged Mr. Regenstreich to venture into the wholesale end of that line of goods. He continued his grocery business also for another year, but closed that out in 1912 in order to devote his entire attention to his wholesale trade, and having admitted James Randell to partnership in YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 303 1918, has since carried on a substantial business under the firm name of the Regenstreich & Kamenetzky Specialty Company. This enterprising company employs ten people, three of them being traveling salesmen, and is fast building up a business that is destined to play an important part in Youngstown's jobbing affairs. Mr. Regenstreich takes a warm interest in public matters, and is always sure to do his duty at the polls. He is president of the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith ; a member of the executive board of the Federation of Jewish Charities; likewise of the executive board of Youngstown Zionists; a trustee of the Roumanian Hebrew Association ; and belongs to fifteen other Jewish organizations. He was one of the charter members of Congregation Emmanuel, of which he was formerly treasurer. He is also an active member of the Jewish Welfare Board of Youngstown. Mr. Regenstreich married, in 1906, Hattie Randell, of Cleveland, and they have one son, Theodore Regenstreich. MONROE POLLOCK. Among the public-spirited, enterprising and self-reliant men who are associated with the development of the manufacturing and mercantile interests of Youngstown, Monroe Pollock, president and treasurer of the Pollock-Daugherty Company, occupies no unimportant position. A native of Ohio, he was born November 29, 1873, in Cleveland, a son of Solomon and Regina (Schwartz) Pollock, both of whom have passed to the life beyond. Completing his early education in the public schools of Cleveland, Monroe Pollock began life for himself as bookkeeper for the Baer-Wolf Company of that city. Coming to Youngstown in 1900, he, in partnership with Sol Weinberger bought out the business interests of Mr. E. Mittler, and in the nineteen or more years that have since elapsed the Pollock- Daugherty Company, which has built up an extensive and lucrative wholesale and retail trade in cigars and tobacco, has been developed, Mr. Pollock as president of the firm having contributed his full share in advancing its interests, both material and financial. Mr. Pollock married, June 17, 1903, Miss Clara Kaber, of Cleveland, and they have one child, Reginald Pollock, born in 1906. Patriotic and public-spirited, Mr. Pollock rendered excellent service on all five of the Liberty Loan committees, ably per- forming his part in the various drives. He takes great interest in both the Boy Scout and the Red Cross movements, contributing generously towards their support. Fraternally he is a member of the Knights of Pythias and also belongs to the Rodef Sholem Congregation. THOMAS H. WHITESIDE. A well known and highly respected resident of Youngstown, and one of its longest established dentists, Thomas H. Whiteside is actively associated with what is mayhap the most important brand) of surgery because of its required application at some period of life to every member of the human family. Dentistry, it has been remarked, has, owing to the many valuable discoveries and improved methods of recent years, been elevated to a separate science. A son of James and Mary Martha (Nelson) Whiteside, he was born, August 29, 1849, in Harmonsburg, Pennsylvania, where his father was for many years engaged in the tailoring business. Neither of- the parents are now living, the father having died in 1899, at the venerable age of eighty-nine years. Acquiring his early education in the common schools of Harmonsburg, Thomas H. Whiteside continued his studies in the Meadville High School. In 1869 he began the study of dentistry in Meadville, and in 1876 was graduated from the Pennsylvania College of Dentistry, in Philadelphia. Immediately beginning the practice of his chosen profession, Doctor Whiteside met with exceptional success from the start. In 1881 he came from Jamestown, Pennsylvania, to Youngstown, opening an office in the old Wick Bank Building, and has since built up a fine patronage. Dr. Whiteside married in 1872, Miss Flora Grier, a native of Adamsville, Pennsylvania, and to them four children have been born, namely: James G., engaged in the dental supply business in Youngstown; William H., of Youngstown, a real estate dealer ; Frank P., manager of the Kelley-Springfield Tire Company, of Youngstown ; and Pearl, wife of Venice J. Lamb, a successful attorney of Youngstown. The Doctor is a man of excellent business ability, and has bought and sold city property to good advantage. SIMON J. MALONEY. Simon J. Maloney has gone a long way toward reaching independence as a business man, though he served a long apprenticeship as a clerk and salesman before he became a merchant on his own account. His place of business is at Stop 31 on the Interurban at DeForest, on the road between Niles and Warren in Weathersfield Township. He keeps a well stocked grocery store, and is also a real estate man who has had much to do with the development of this particular section. Mr. Maloney was born at Niles July 25, 1878, and is a son of Patrick and Bridget (Quinlan) Maloney, who have been residents of Niles for half a century. His father, a native of County Clare, Ireland, during his life at Niles has been a railroad worker and for a quarter of a century a puddler in iron furnaces. Simon J. Maloney is the second in a family of five children, his older brother being Rev. John F. Maloney, pastor of St. Patrick's Catholic Church at Hubbard. As a boy he attended St. Stephen's parochial school at Niles, and even while in school was employed as a clerk in stores. After completing his education he clerked for business houses in Niles, Warren and Akron, and a further stage of this experience put him on the road as a commercial salesman for the Dannemiller grocery house of Canton. For two years he covered a large Ohio territory, specializing in selling coffee to the retail trade. Always on the lookout for opportunities, Mr. Maloney in 1915 bought a corner lot and erected his present store building at DeForest. In five years he has been rewarded with a profitable and growing trade, and he also operates a gas station and is a dealer in automobile supplies. In the line of real estate he has assisted in the 304 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY sale of Homemaker Plat. and has taken a part in locating industries in this section. Those things that make a good community appeal to his efforts and support, including good schools and good roads. Mr. Maloney is unmarried and lives with his parents at Niles. He is a member of St. Stephen's Catholic Church and is an active member of the Knights of Columbus. FRED G. FRIEDRICH. One of the more active, busy and prosperous young men of Youngstown, Fred G. Friedrich, head of the well known firm of the Friedrich Yellow Cab & Transfer Company, is an expert in the management of business affairs, operating sixteen trucks in the draying line, and twenty-four taxis in transporting passengers in and around the city and its suburbs, employing in the different departments a force of sixty-eight people. He is a native-born citizen of Youngstown, his birth having occurred April 2, 1887. Franz Friedrich, his father, was born and reared in Wurtemberg, Germany, from whence he emigrated to the United States, locating first in Wisconsin, where he conducted an undertaking and furniture business. Coming with his family to Youngstown in 1881, he first worked for Christ Weick, as baker, but later embarked in business on his own account, becoming the pioneer baker of the city. A man of sterling character and worth, he made many friends in the community, and was held in high respect as a man and citizen. He died in 1917, but his widow, whose maiden name was Susanne Doepping, is still a resident of Youngstown. She, too, was born and bred in Wurtemberg, Germany, coming to this country in early life. Acquiring his education in the Youngstown schools, and at Brown's Business College, Fred G. Friedrich entered the employ of Kist Brothers in 1897, intending to learn the plumbers' trade, but finding the work not at all to his liking he gave it up. In the meantime his brother, Gottlieb J. Friedrich, had taken over his father's store, and delivered goods with a horse and wagon. The brother being called to do jury service during the plumbers' strike, Mr. Friedrich drove the wagon. Subsequently he entered the employ of the Adams Express Company, in which he served as head clerk, bill clerk, later being made cashier. and then assistant to the express agent. In 1910, in company with his brother Gottlieb, Mr. Friedrich bought a car, intending to make money by letting it out by the day or hour. The incessant demand of the younger element of the city for the use of that first car was the beginning of the profitable business that has developed into the very efficient taxi service of the company, while the horse and wagon previously mentioned proved to be the nucleus of a draying business requiring at the present time the use of many heavy trucks. At the death of his brother Gottlieb, in 1915, Mr. Friedrich bought his widow's interest in the firm, securing entire control of the business, which was incorporated in 1917, Mr. Friedrich being elected president and general manager; A. E. Burkey, vice president; A. J. Aubrey, treasurer; and W. F. Diefenderfer, secretary. The success of the Friedrich brothers was largely due to the encouragement of their father, who ever evinced an untiring interest in their work, lending his aid and influence in advancing their interests. During the World war, the company was busily occupied in hauling war material to the lake ports, at the outbreak hauling shells to the Dupont Powder Company for the Russian Government. Mr. Friedrich married, August 15, 1911, Nettie M. Springer, of Sheldon, Indiana, and they are the parents of two children, Carl and Marguerite. Socially Mr. Friedrich is a member of the Kiwanis Club, and of the Belmont Club. CLINTON J. WALL. A well educated, brainy man, Clinton J. Wall has won a position of distinction among the successful attorneys of Youngstown. Through specializing in Damage Law, Personal Injury Action, and Workingmen's Compensation, he has achieved success, his reputation as a lawyer of ability on those points being far extended. A native of Youngstown he was born August 6, 1891, being a son of Edward T. and Annie (McGraw) Wall, his father being well known in industrial circles as a painting contractor. After his graduation from the Rayen High School, Clinton Wall entered the office of Anderson & Mathews, where he read law so earnestly, and to such good purpose, that he was admitted to the Ohio bar in June, 1913. Entering immediately into partnership with Emil Anderson and I. G. Mathews, he was engaged in the practice of law as junior member of the firm of Anderson, Mathews & Wall until July 1, 1918, he severed his connection with his partners, the firm being dissolved on account of the ill health of Mr. Anderson. Mr. Wall has since practiced alone, devoting his time and energies so very closely to those points of law previously mentioned that he has few outside interests, the legal affairs of his clients demanding his entire attention. Mr. Wall married, August 3,.1914, Miss Roberta Pressler, formerly of Washington, Pennsylvania. Although not an active politician, Mr. Wall worked ably and faithfully throughout the Bull Moose campaign for Mr. Anderson, who served as a delegate to the National Convention of that party. THOMAS PARROCK, Prominently associated with the development of one of the more valuable interests of the Mahoning Valley, Thomas Parrock, of Youngstown, has been intimately connected with the iron and steel industry for forty years, through his expert knowledge contributing largely toward making this section of Ohio one of the business centers of the state. He was born, May 15, 1852, in Staffordshire, England, where he grew to man's estate. Beginning work in a rolling mill when but fourteen years old, Thomas Parrock became familiar with all of its departments, his specialty, however, having been as a roll turner, his skill in that capacity extending even to this country. In 1880, responding to a cablegram sent him from Pennsylvania, Mr. Parrock, leaving his family in England, came to the United States to assufne charge of a small mill belonging to the Catasauqua Manufacturing Company, in Catasauqua, Pennsylvania, and the following year was joined by his wife and children. In 1882 YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 305 Mr. Parrock entered the employ of Myron C. Wick, president of the Trumbull Iron Company, of Girard, Ohio, where he had charge of the roll turning department for two years. Coming from Girard to Youngstown in 1884, he was made manager and director of the roll turning department of the Cartwright-McCurdy Company, having four men under him, and in the same year was appointed by Mr. Wick, superintendent, and when in 1892, the Youngstown Rolling Mill Company and the Cartwright- McCurdy Company consolidated under the name of the Union Iron & Steel Company, later becoming a director, Mr. Parrock continued to have entire supervision of the works until 1901. In 1900 Mr. Parrock was appointed district and general superintendent of the Republic Iron & Steel Works, a position which he successfully filled until 1905, when, on account of a nervous break down, he retired from active pursuits. One of the organizers of the Youngstown Foundry and Machine Company, Mr. Parrock formerly served as its president, and is now one of the largest stockholders, his interests being represented on the board of directors by Harry P. Par- rock, manager of the Aluminum Bearing & Bronze Company, of Buffalo, New York. Mr. Parrock married, in England, Fanny Williams, who was born in Staffordshire, near Dudley, and they became the parents of four children. James, who as first sergeant in the Thirty-Seventh Division saw service in France, now employed by the Standard Oil Company of Ohio, and George, employed in the advertising department of the Telegram. GEORGE RUDGE, JR A man of sterling worth and character, possessing good judgment and excellent business ability, George Rudge, Jr., is numbered among the highly respected and valued citizens of Youngstown, where the greater part of his life has been spent. A native of Mahoning County, he was born in Boardman Township, May 5, 1853, a son of George and Jane (Stock) Rudge, neither of whom is now living. The father came with his family to Youngstown in 1866, and for several years served as secretary of the Water Works. For two years after his parents settled in Youngstown, George Rudge, Jr., attended the public schools, and then began life as a wage earner, his first employment having been the wetting of brick used in the construction of Excelsior Blocks. Desirous then of learning the plumber's trade, he served an apprenticeship of two years with Morris & Robinson, after which he entered the employ of George Turner as spike maker, working in most of the Youngstown mills. In 1873 he became clerk for his father, and worked in the office of the Water Works plant for three years. Embarking in the coal industry in 1876, Mr. Rudge also drilled for coal two years, and then secured a position as bookkeeper and shipping clerk at the Ellis Planing Mill, remaining in that capacity from 1880 until 1885. In the latter-named year, Mr. Rudge assisted in organizing the Enterprise Boiler Company, of which he was made treasurer and office manager. This concern was unfortunately burned out in 1910, but, in the meantime Mr. Rudge's sight had become so affected, as the result of an accident that happened to him when he was but five years old, that he was compelled to retire from his position. Mr. Rudge however, is not idle, being president of the Alliance Fertilizer Company; president of the George Rudge Estate Company ; a trustee of the Fresh Air Camp, which he helped establish ; a trustee of the Community Service, a successor of the Charity Organization ; chairman of Building and Sites Committee of the Youngstown School Board; secretary, treasurer and a director, as well as one of the organizers, of the Austintown Land Company ; and is interested in platting and subdividing realty in Austintown Township. He is also life member and trustee of the Youngstown Hospital Association. Mr. Rudge's father, George Rudge, Sr, was likewise a large operator in real estate, having organized the Enterprise Building and Loan Association and the Valley Building and Loan Association in connection with his real estate dealings. During the World war Mr. Rudge was officially connected with the local shipping board. In 1881 Mr. Rudge was united in marriage with Annie E. Sullivan, of Buffalo, New York, and of their union three children were born, namely : Florence, who died in 1912, was the wife of James McGhan, of Cleveland ; Mary, wife of T. A. Walsh,, of Youngstown ; and Georgiana at home. JAMES S. MILLER. To the minds of the people of Youngstown, the name of Miller at once suggests the thought of delicate confections and toothsome dainties which members of this family have sold for many years at this place. James S. Miller, for years a member of the firm of Miller Brothers, wholesale candy jobbers, and now head of the candy department and vice president of the Hearn-Miller Company, formerly the Hearn-Fithian Company, at Youngstown, was born on a farm near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, February 6, 1878, a son of James S. and Susan A. (Stewart) Miller, the latter a resident of Youngstown. The father, who died in 1894, followed the vocation of stationary engineer for many years, and was connected for a time with the Lowellville Mills. James S. Miller, the younger, was but an infant when the family moved to Lowellville, and in the district schools of that community he received his educational training. At the age of sixteen years he began to work for John L. Hanna, a grocer of Coitsville, for whom he clerked until 1899, in that year transferring his services to the Baldwin-Kernohan Company, wholesale grocers of Youngstown. Mr. Miller remained as a member of the office force until this concern sold out to John H. Fitch, when he formed a partnership with his brother, Charles D., in the wholesale candy business. This concern prospered for eleven years, when its interests were purchased by the Hearn-Fithian Company, now the Hearn-Miller Company. Mr. Miller is vice president, having special charge of the candy department. On August 9, 1912, Mr. Miller was united in marriage with Miss Clara A. Laeri, of Youngstown, who was born in Switzerland. They have no children. Mr. Miller has various business and fraternal connections, and is one of the popular men of his community, where he has numerous friends. 306 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY THE WIRT FAMILY. That period of the nineteenth century embracing the decades between 1800 and 1830 was characterized by the immigration of the pioneer element which made the great State of Ohio very largely what it is today. These immigrants were sturdy, heroic, sincere, and, in the main, upright people, such as constitute the strength of the commonwealth. It scarcely seems probable that in the future another such period can occur, or, indeed, any period when such a solid phalanx of strong-minded, brawny-armed men and noble, self-sacrificing women will take possession of a new country. The period to which reference is made, therefore, cannot be too much or too well emphasized, and the only way to do justice to such a subject is to record the lives of those who led the van of civilization and founded the institutions which today are the pride and boast of a great state and a strong and virile people. The Wirts were among the earliest families to locate in the Mahoning Valley, and through all the subsequent years have been closely and actively identified with the various phases of the community's development and upbuilding. The first American ancestor arrived in America on the ship Jamaica Galley in the year 1739 and settled near Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. The first of the Wirt family to arrive in the Western Reserve was Peter Wirt, who came from Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He was named after his father, who was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, serving with the Pennsylvania troops. Peter Wirt setled on what was known as the Wirt farm located at Brier Hill, on that section which commences about five hundred feet east of Jefferson Street in the City of Youngstown and extended thence north along Federal Street to the eastern line of the Tod Farm, and extended also from Federal Street north nearly to Belmont Avenue. Peter Wirt after settling on the land mentioned, and living on the same for a few years, married Margaret Eadahurn, a resident of Mercer County, Pennsylvania. Peter Wirt lived out his life in Youngstown, dying at the age of eighty-one, while his wife, Margaret, lived to the age of ninety-five. They reared a family of eight children, the oldest of whom was the late William Wirt, who was born at the old Wirt home at Brier Hill on the loth day of March, 1826, and died on the first day of February, 1915. He was reared amid the primitive conditions incidental to life in a new country. His chief occupation in his early years was in helping to clear the Wirt farm of its native timber. On January 18, 1849, he married Eliza Jane Sankey, who was also descended from a strong Pennsylvania Revolutionary family. Eventually William Wirt moved into Youngstown, where he passed practically all his remaining years. In early life he became a carpenter, and subsequently did a contracting business. He was one of those rugged, sterling characters nurtured under the adverse conditions of the times in which he lived, developing into the type of men who made Youngstown famous in its early days. When the town became a city he was elected a member of its first City Council. At that time the streets were not graded, and were poorly lighted. There was no sewerage system, no pavements, conditions partly the result of the lack of authority to make needed improvements; partly because of the fact that previous town authorities feared the criticism involved in imposing taxation for public improvements. Fortunately the council to which William Wirt had been elected was composed of foresighted and courageous men, and comprised some of the city's foremost citizens. The first year the council expended $80,000, a very large amount for those days, for public improvements, and announced a continuation of that policy. Much indignation was expressed by some of the tax payers and a meeting of protest held with a view to stopping what appeared then to be an extravagant expenditure of public funds. The campaign was a strenuous one, though, much to the credit of Youngstown, the old members were re-elected and the policy of improvement continued. While a carpenter and contractor William Wirt helped in the building of some of the historic landmarks noted in the early history of Youngstown and vicinity. Among these were the old charcoal iron furnace on Mill Creek and the old Eagle furnace at Brier Hill, both of which have, by reason of the kaleidoscopic change which has taken place in the iron and steel business, passed into history. His activities and varied lines of effort never ceased. He was one of the first to build a house aid establish a home on what is known as North Hill, the house being constructed on the site where the Rayen School Annex now stands. In his early years he became a member of what is known as the First Christian Church, now located on Wood Street, being one of the founders of that denomination in Youngstown. William Wirt was a man of extraordinary characteristics, who through years of indefatigable labor and honest effort not only acquired a well merited material prosperity but also richly earned the highest esteem of all with whom he was associated. His wife died September 24, 1881. The fruit of the marriage of William Wirt and Eliza Jane Sankey was one child, Hon. Benjamin F. Wirt, a resident of Youngstown, who was born March 26, 1852, in West Middlesex, Pennsylvania, where his parents were temporarily residing while his father was looking after a foundry in which he was interested. However, he was reared in Youngstown, completing his public school studies in the Rayen School. In line with his determination to become a lawyer, he read law in the office of Major L. D. Woodworth, one of the ablest members of the Youngstown bar and a former congressman. In May, 1873, when just past his majority, he commenced the practice of his chosen profession, and for forty-seven years has been in the active practice of the same. For a number of years he was associated with his former preceptor, Major Woodworth, and now is the head of the firm of Wirt & Gunlefinger. His long and useful life has been one of devotion, almost consecration, to his calling, and he merits a place of honor among those who have given their power and talents to community and human welfare development. More than ordinarily successful in his individual career he has never forgotten his obligations to the public, and his support of such measures and movements as make for the general good has always been relied upon. YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 307 June 23, 1881, Mr. Wirt married Mary M. McGeehan. Politically he has been a life long supporter of the republican party. In 1889 he was elected a member of the State Senate and served with conspicuous credit four years, being chairman of several important committees, and a member of a number of others. He was chairman of the Committee of the Whole in passing the code that governs the cities of Ohio. He was author of several bills, some of which were enacted, notably the Lien Laws. Mr. Wirt succeeded Lieutenant-Governor Jones as president of the Federal Savings & Loan Company, a corporation that is one of the strong and influential financial institutions of Youngstown. Mr. Wirt is a member of the Christian Church, and the Order of Elks. He is a man of very pronounced literary leaning, which tendency has led to his acquiring a large collection of books, among which are to be found many choice and rare volumes. His library contains over three thousand volumes and necessarily embraces a wide range of subjects. He is president of Nathan Hale Chapter, Sons of the American Revolution, and vice president of the National Historical Society, is a member of the Bibliophile Society of Boston and the Bookfellows of Chicago. A man of genial and companionable nature, he has always enjoyed the confidence and good will of the community in which his life has been spent.' BERT G. DAUGHERTY. An instance of small beginnings developing into an enterprise of important proportions is found in the Pollock-Daugherty Company, of Youngstown, manufacturers of cigars. This concern has thrived and flourished under the management of a corps of able officials, among whom is one of its founders, Bert G. Daugherty, its vice president, and a man of progressive spirit and marked enterprise. Mr. Daugherty is a self-made man and a product of the agricultural community of Mercer County, Pennsylvania, where his parents and paternal grandparents were born, and where the family has been well and favorably known for many years. Bert G. Daugherty was born April 4, 1876, a son of Hugh A. and Josephine (McBurney) Daugherty, both of whom are now deceased. Hugh A. Daugherty passed his life in the peaceful pursuits of agriculture, with the exception of the period of the Civil war, when he fought bravely as a soldier of the Union. The country schools of Mercer County, Pennsylvania, furnished Bert G. Daugherty with his educational training, and a large part of his boyhood and youth was passed in helping his father on the home acres. Eventually he tired of the humdrum life of the farm, and, being inclined toward mercantile affairs, left his home at the age of fourteen years and made his way to Youngstown. Here, at the first application, he secured employment with E. Mittler, who was engaged in the clothing business. He remained with this gentleman until the latter's retirement, in 1899, when Mr. Daugherty joined Sol Weinberger, also a clerk of Mr. Mittler, in the forming of an enterprise for the distributing of cigars. From a small beginning this has developed into a business of significant importance, the officials of the Pollock-Daugherty Company being: Sol Weinberger, president, now deceased, Mr. Pollock succeeding him as president of the company ; Bert G. Daugherty, vice president; and Monroe Pollock. treasurer ; and Joseph R. Davis, secretary. Mr. Daugherty is well known in business circles, and is vice president and a director of the local Kiwanis Club. His religious affiliation is with the Episcopal Church. On August 25, 1904, Mr. Daugherty was united in marriage with Alice E. Elton, daughter of George and Lydia (Rodway) Elton, and to this union there has been born one child: Charles Randall, born in 1915. STOW FAMILY The early history of Braceville Township, Trumbull County, is largely a record of the Freeman, Lane, Benedrct, Allen, Ovratt, Stow, Merwin, Taft and a few other families, most of whom were related by ties of marriage as well as by community relationship. Comfort Stow, Sr., founder of the family in the Western Reserve, was born at Middletown, Connecticut, June 27, 1762, son of Samuel and Lucretia Stow. When he was a child his parents moved to Litchfield County, Connecticut. In 1776 his father became a teamster for the Revolutionary forces, and Comfort at the age of fourteen also drove an ox team for the Government and continued that service most of the time until 1781. At the surrender of Cornwallis he was doing duty as a private soldier in the State Guards of Connecticut. Thus most of his boyhood and early manhood was spent in the midst of camps, marches and scenes of battle. September 11, 1783, he married Rachel Goodwin, and they traveled life's road together for about sixty years. She died May 12, 1842, while Comfort Stow, Sr., died July 31, 1853. They were the parents of thirteen children and those surviving childhood were: Betsey who married Ralph Freeman; Lucy who married Aurin Taft; Hervey who married Lucretia Oviatt ; Chester who married Cynthia Ward; Norman who married Lucy Humphrey ; Miranda who became the wife of John Freeman; Comfort, Jr., who married Emeline Ingraham; Lydia who married Henry Dailey ; Mary Ann who became the wife of Lewis Merwin. It was in 1811 that Comfort Stow brought his family to Ohio and settled in Braceville after a thirty-four days' journey. He soon rallied other members of the community to the task of building a schoolhouse and Congregational Church, and he served the church as deacon until the infirmities of age obliged him to resign. A brother of Comfort, Sr., was Henry who also settled in Braceville Township, and who has a descendant still living there in the person of Harley Stow. Hervey Stow, son of Comfort, Sr., died at Braceville in 1875. He was one of the first teachers in the old log schoolhouse of the township, and when a Methodist class was organized in 1816 his name was the first on the list and stood there for fifty years. Hervey Stow was the father of Franklin E. Stow, a man of great prominence in Trumbull County, who held the office of county surveyor, was elected to the Legislature in 1851, laid out and developed a beautiful rural cemetery, gave right of way to the first railroad through Braceville, and 308 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY early in the Civil war raised a company and went to the front as captain. He died soon after the battle of Shiloh and was brought home and laid to rest in the cemetery he had established. Another son of Comfort, Sr., was Chester, who became a farmer at Geneva, Ohio, where he died in 1865, and his sons removed West. Norman Stow died at Braceville in 1834 at the age of thirty-eight, and his son Chester also remained in the community and was the father of Frank Stow still living in Braceville. The only survivor of the grandchildren of Comfort Stow, Sr., is Wells Merwin of Braceville, where ‘he was born November 17, 1844, son of Lewis and Mary Ann (Stow) Merwin. Mary Ann Merwin was the last survivor of Comfort's children and died December 4, 1883. Her husband died about 1879. He was born at Goshen, Connecticut, in 1804 and was brought to Braceville soon afterwards by his father Fowler Merwin, one of the first settlers of the township. Part of the old Merwin homestead is still owned by Wells Merwin, a mile distant from Braceville. Wells Merwin had four brothers to reach mature years : Erastus, who was a member of the Sixth Ohio Cavalry and died a prisoner of war at Salisbury, North Carolina; Orange, who served in Captain Stow's Company and also died a prisoner at Lebanon, Kentucky; Freeman who spent his life on a farm in Braceville and died when about fifty-five years of age; and Gilbert Merwin who was a soldier under Captain Stow and died at Windham, Ohio, when about seventy years of age. In 1874 Wells Merwin married Sophronia Humphrey. They had two sons, Alfred of Braceville, and Charles, who is manager and proprietor of the Daily Leader at East Palestine. Charles is a graduate of Mount Union College and was principal of the Newton Falls High schools for a number of years, before going into the newspaper business. Comfort Stow, Jr., was born May 19, 1802, and died November 28, 1840. In 1829 he married Emeline Ingraham. He left two children, Samuel and Harriet. The later became the wife of Judson Palmiter, who subsequently was editor of a paper at Hart, Michigan, and his widow continued the paper about one year after his death. Five children were born to Judson and Harriet (Stow) Palmiter : Edwin S., Viola, Minnie E., Bertie R., and Henry J. Viola and Bertie died in infancy. The others lived and married and each raised a family of children. The sons like the father, for quite a number of years followed either the publishing or the editing of newspapers in Hart, Michigan, after which each retired, Edwin moving to Orange, Colorado. Samuel Stow, son of Comfort, Jr., was born at Braceville June 20, 1830, and died July 21, 1877. He married Harriet Oviatt who was born March 30, 1832, and died July 27, 1911. She was a member of the Oviatt family, being a daughter of Lyman and Lovina Oviatt, who lived on a farm a mile south of Braceville. Samuel Stow and wife had two children, Ida, wife of Wesley W. Parke of West Mecca, Trumbull County, and Orrie C. of Braceville, Ohio. Four children were born to Wesley W. and Ida (Stow) Parke: Harriet, Julia, Alva and Elmer. Elmer died in infancy. Harriet, wife of Guy Irwin, a farmer of West Mecca, Ohio; Julia, wife of Fred Durst, a farmer of Champion, Ohio; Alva, a farmer, married Edith Millikin; all now reside on farms in West Mecca, Ohio. Orrie C. Stow was born April 13, 1860, was educated in local schools, and has spent his active career as a farmer. December 19, 1883, Orrie C. Stow married Louise R. Stolz of Palmyra, Portage County, Ohio, daughter of Jacob and Luise (Krause) Stolz. Her parents were born in Wuertemberg, Germany, but were married in Ohio. Her father was a shoemaker at Palmyra where he did a large business in the '60s and '70s, when most of the footwear for young and old was hand made. He died August 4, 1905, when past eighty-one. Her mother died June 20, 1918, at the age of seventy-four. Mrs. Louise Stow was born January 17, 1866. She is the mother of three children: Orrie, a mechanic at Alliance who married Eva Firestone of Marlboro, Ohio; Pauline, wife of Howard Johnson, a merchant at Vernon in Trumbull County ; and Ione, a schoolgirl, at home. Mrs. Pauline Johnson is the mother of one son, Robert M., born February 15, 1919. JAMES B. GORDON. One of the towns of Eastern Ohio credited with the largest increase in population in the last decade is East Youngstown. Prior to the present century the ground covered by East Youngstown's business houses, homes and factories was largely a farming area, and the central section of the little city was known as the old Gordon Farm, where the family of Gordons have lived for fifty- five years. Among the first men responsible for laying out and developing the site of East Youngstown is James B. Gordon, who was born at Youngstown in 1858. His father, John Gordon, was born in Holland, was married in that country, and came to America in 1846. The proceeds of the sale of his little farm in Holland he brought with him, but lost his money by trusting too much to some unscrupulous advisers in this country. For four years he worked in a lead factory at Buffalo, New York, where his first wife died. Coming to Ohio in 1850, he found work in the iron furnaces at Lowellville, and came to Youngstown to do similar work. He was injured in a furnace, and being incapacitated for further work along that line he bought in 1864, 3 1/2 acres, comprising the old Gordon Farm, now East Youngstown. He was an active farmer the rest of his life, and died February 6, 1883, when about seventy-six years of age. By his first marriage he had two children, Anthony and Charles. Charles was left behind at Buffalo when the family came to Ohio, and was last heard of by other members of the family when he enlisted in the Civil war. Anthony came to Youngstown and enlisted in the Union army, at first for three months and then for the period of the war. He remained in Youngstown an honored veteran for many years, died here, and his widow, Lennre (Lane) Gordon, also died here. In 1847 John Gordon married Miss Jane Gertrude Young, a native of Holland, who lived to the age YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 309 of eighty-two, July 21, 1902. She survived her husband nearly twenty years and James B. Gordon dutifully and faithfully fulfilled the request of his father that he look after his mother, and he gave her all his filial affection to the end of her life and remained a bachelor until a year or so after her death. She was the mother of seven children. William, the oldest, is still living at Marion Heights, near the old homestead. Sarah became the wife of Alexander Treaster and died about 1905, hers being the only death among the children. Henrietta is the widow of Frederick Spanglehour and lives at Youngstown. Elizabeth G., whose husband, S. H. Chapman, was a veteran of the Civil war, lives at New Bedford, Pennsylvania. John A. is a resident of New Bedford. Mary J., of East Youngstown, is the widow of J. S. Maust, who died of the influenza, October 22, 1918. James B. Gordon, the fourth of the children, had• good advantages in the local schools along with his brothers and sisters, and before and after his father's death gave diligent attention to the handling of the home farm, which in earlier years was noted for its ample fruit production. About Iwo James B. Gordon platted a part of the farm for the site of East Youngstown and built two residences. Then in 1901 he sold on a five year contract twenty-nine acres to the East Youngstown Land and Improvement Company. At the end of five years the unsold portion came back to him, . and he has since been handling that and other property. By 1918 all of this tract was sold and also what remained of the old home, about 2 1/2 acres, which he had platted in 1912. His own residence is at Marion Heights on the Coitsville, New Bedford Road. In 1910, to afford his wife relief from the poisonous atmosphere of the valley, Mr. Gordon removed to New Bedford, Pennsylvania, where he remained two years. There he bought a platted addition .to the resident section, and sold it out in a body. He then bought the 2 1/2 acres including his present home at East Youngstown. Mr. Gordon has spent practically all his life within five miles of his birthplace. October 25, 1904, he married Almina A. Snider, a professional nurse in the State Hospital at Warren, Pennsylvania. She died April 14, 1912, leaving one son, James C. On January 1, 1914, Mr. Gordon married Harriet A. Jewell, of Franklin, Venango County, Pennsylvania. She is an only (laughter of James Jewell, who was born in Western Pennsylvania and has spent all his long life of eighty-nine years there. Mr. Gordon has for many years been one of the leaders in the republican party of his section of Ohio. He has efficiently performed the duties of nearly all the local township offices including that of trustee. He served two terms in that office about fifteen years ago, and after returning from New Bedford was again called to the same responsibilities. He has served as a delegate to county, state and district conventions, is still a party committeeman, and has used his influence for many constructive improvements, especially good roads. Mr. Gordon has been an outdoor man, has taken periodic excursions for fishing and hunting, and enjoys the companionship and friendship of many leading men in this section of Ohio. EDWARD JOHNSTON. For several years Edward Johnston had his place among the industrial workers of the Youngstown district, and since then has proved an even greater usefulness to the community in public affairs. He is the present city treasurer of Youngstown, and those who know his official record and his personal character are a unit in praising him as an efficient and popular officer and good citizen. Mr. Johnston was born in Youngstown September 1, 1886, son of Edward and Martha (McMaster) Johnston. His parents were both natives of the north of Ireland, where they were married, and they came to the United States in 1877. The father was a worker in the iron mills, and was employed in both the upper and lower Carnegie mills as a oneireman for a number of years. He end his wife were active members of the Presbyterian Church. The mother is still living at Youngstown, at the age of sixty-eight, and the father died here in 1903, aged fifty-one. They were the parents of nine children, and those still living are: Elizabeth, at home; Martha, wife of David Black ; Sarah C., wife of Leonard Baker; Anna, wife of Frank Chapman, of Akron, Ohio ; Agnes, wife of Edward Richards; Henry N., of Youngstown; and Edward. Edward Johnston acquired his early education in the West Side School. At the age of fourteen he was working in the iron mills, and about two years later, when his father died, he became the chief support of the family. His first employment was in the Upper Mills, and later he filled various positions in different mills. Finally he was an engineer in the Ohio Works, but on January 4, 1909, in the performance of his duty, lost his left hand. In the fall of the same year he had qualified for a new line of service, being elected township clerk. He held that position four years, being the last clerk of Youngstown Township. The township lost its identity when it was merged into the greater City of Youngstown. At that time he became secretary of the City Charities, serving two years, and was then elected city treasurer. Mr. Johnston is now in his second term and has the republican nomination for a third term. March 31, 1914, he married Miss Bertie Allen, a daughter of John Allen. They are members of the United Presbyterian Church, and he is affrliated with the Knights of Pythias, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Junior Order of United American Mechanics, Knights of the Maccabees, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Fraternal Order of Eagles and the Belmont Athletic Association. HARRY M. STEVENS. Harry M. Stevens is a cosmopolitan citizen, but for practically thirty years has regarded Niles as his home. His original genius and splendid energy have brought him wealth in numerous ventures, and a large share of it he has invested in Niles and has used his means liberally to promote the welfare of this city. His name is properly associated with the constructive business history of Niles. He was not born to wealth or position and achieved success by translating ideas into action. Early in life he was a successful book salesman. Many years ago when baseball was coming into its own as a 310 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY national pastime, he undertook to supply the "fans" with refreshments. Gradually he secured franchises at scores of ball parks, and his stock in trade consisted of pop, candy, peanuts, popcorn, cigars, score cards. Various cities of the great leagues became his sphere of action. His untiring energy and restless personality led him into other commercial channels. He became caterer for the big six-day bicycle race at Madison Square Garden in New York City in 1894. Selling peanuts to baseball patrons made him much of his wealth. He was the first to put straws in pop bottles. His activities carried him from coast to coast and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf. In all places of amusement his name was a familiar one. When Mr. Stevens first located at Niles in 1880 he was a mill worker and later removed to Columbus where the idea first came to him of selling score cards to the baseball fans. As he acquired means he invested in Niles property and is one of the largest realty owners in that city. Harry M. Stevens was born in London, England, June 14, 1855, and was liberally educated in the Repton Private School. He married Mary Wragg of Doncaster and while living at Derby the three oldest children were born, Annie, Harold and Frank. After coming to the United States and locating at Niles in 1880, Mr. Stevens conceived one of his first duties to take out papers as an American citizen. Two of the children were born at Niles, William H. and Joseph B. Of the sons all except William H. are associated with their father in business in New York City. Mr. Stevens has been almost a lifelong member of the Masons and has attained the higher degrees of that order. Mr. Stevens has never aspired to political preferment, but has an unusual inside knowledge of political events and is a republican voter. LEWIS BOSSERT, an enterprising merchant of Scienceville, near Youngstown, Ohio, a native of Mahoning County, and of a family which has had residence in the county since 1834 or 1835, is a man of strong personalrty and courageous and useful Christian service. For many years he was a Sunday school superintendent, has been prominent in Christian Endeavor work, representative of an American body at an International Conference in Europe, and for many years a staunch and courageous advocate of temperance and prohibition. He was born in Springfield Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, May 11, 1861, the son of John and Sally (Welk) Bossert. He still has the company of his mother, who now is ninety-two years old. She was born near Baltimore, Maryland, December 6, 1827, daughter of Anthony and Susan Welk, who in 1834 or 1835 settled in New Middletown. Anthony Welk was a rope maker, and spent the greater part of his life in such occupations, specializing in bed cords and wash lines. He died at New Middletown when about sixty-seven years old. His wife died at about the same age. One of their children, Henry Welk, is still living at New Middletown, where for the greater part of his life he has been in independent mercantile business. John Bossert, father of Lewis, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany. He was sixteen years old when he came to the United States with his parents and three brothers and three sisters. About the time of the Mexican war his eldest brother disappeared. It was thought he enlisted and went into Mexico with the United States army, but nothing authentic in confirmation of such a supposition is on record, and he was never afterward heard from. John and Charles Bossert, brothers, eventually settled near New Springfield, Ohio, where John died in 1865, at the age of forty-two years. Charles, however, lived in that place for almost another fifty years, his death not occurring until 1911, when he had reached extreme old age. John Bossert was a skillful shoemaker, and did much work at that trade, making high-grade boots and shoes. About thirty-five years after his death his son Lewis visited the home of his father and ancestors in Wurtemberg, Germany, and in the records of the village of Muehlaker found that there were many entries regarding people of his patronymic. He also found that many of the name lived in the vicinity of that place. Of the children of John and Sally (Welk) Bossert two are still living : Flora, who married E. M. Faust ; and Lewis, the subject of this sketch. A brother, Henry, died when sixteen years old. Lewis was reared in Springfield Township, and in his youth, in fact, until he was nineteen years old, he attended the public schools of that township. As was the custom in agricultural districts in his early clays, the country school was closed during the greater part of the growing season, so that his schooling each year represented little more than one term, that of the winter, and during the long vacation each summer he gave his time mainly to the execution of tasks upon the farm. Lewis was only four years old when his father died, and long before he had left school he felt a desire to add by his own efforts to the family income. He brought several small earnings to the family account by work he did upon neighboring farms ; and after he left school was for some time connected with the railroad. Soon, however, he took employment as clerk in a Middletown store. In such connection he remained in Middletown for five years, and later was employed in mercantile business in Akron, Ohio. Then followed a long connection with the City of Youngstown and with business houses of that city. For five years he was in the employ of the Adams Express Company at Youngstown, after which he was for three years connected in a clerical capacity with the Council Printing Company of Youngstown, and a further three years he spent as collector. Then followed five years in the office of the Stambaugh-Thompson Company, after which he, to an extent, retired from strenuous labors, or perhaps it would be more in accordance with facts to state that he was then momentarily in a position to follow his natural inclination and move into the country to live, and there to have some connection with agriculture. He then bought the property upon which he has since lived. The property extends along the McGuffy Road for 1,250 feet, and embraces several acres, upon which there is much fruit and where Mr. Bossert has interestedly followed poultry-raising hobbies. In 1916, to further occupy YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 311 his time, Mr. Bossert established the grocery business he has since conducted with good success at Scienceville. In that store he has shown much enterprise and an understanding of the basic principles of businesslike trading. He does an honest business, and his principle of trading effects .a saving and an appreciable accommodation to the people of the neighborhood. He is one of the reliable men of Mahoning County, and those who know him well know that in certain traits his personality is strong. In all phases of Christian and church work he has been active for very many years. He is strongly Evangelical, was a Sunday school superintendent for many years in Youngstown, and when, as one of the results of a revival campaign carried through in Youngstown some years ago by the Rev. "Billy.' Sunday, the noted evangelist, a church was established at Scienceville, Mr. Bossert being one of its zealous organizers, and since its establishment he has served as treasurer. He has for many years been a prominent advocate of teetotalism, which naturally brought him much into recent political movements, in their relation to the establishment of national prohibition. And he has been one of the leaders of the Christian Endeavor movement, attending the International Convention held in London in 1900 as an American delegate. At that time also he traveled extensively in continental Europe, spent some time at the World's Fair in Paris, visited Switzerland and Germany, giving much thought and observation to the manners and customs of the different European peoples, and such study bringing him to at least not a lesser opinion of the characteristics of the American people. He visited the home of his parents, and saw much that was of family interest in that visit, but he returned to America confirmed in the belief that it is a good place in which to live. In general political allegiance Mr. Bossert is a republican, but on matters arising out of the much discussed war measure he is first and foremost a prohibitionist. He has taken some part in general politics, and to some extent has entered into connection with civic work in his own community, having served two terms as constable. Mr. Bossert has been twice married. His first wife, who died childless on May 7, 1912, was Hannah Brenner, daughter of Conrad and Catherine Brenner. Her mother lived in Youngstown, but her father died when she was a child. Mr. Bossert's \second marriage was solemnized on February 29, 1916, when he married Jennie Bowman, of New York City. She was a graduate nurse of the Sydenham Hospital, New York City, and duly registered in Albany, New York. The marriage took place at Cambridge Springs, and one child has been born to them, a daughter, Marion Louise, now two years old. WILLIAM J. SAMPSON. It is signally consonant that in this work be incorporated at least a brief resume of the life and labors of William J. Sampson, who not only is, by both inheritance and marriage, connected with the best known families of the Mahoning Valley, but who has long been recognized as one of the leading business men and capitalists of this section of Ohio. Through his loyal efforts, Youngstown and vicinity have reaped lasting benefits, for his public spirit and exceptional business capacity have been directed along lines calculated to be for the general good. A man of forceful individuality and marked initiative power, he has been well equipped for the larger duties of life and for leadership in his community, while his probity of character arid his genial personality have gained for him universal esteem and friendship in the section of the state in which he has spent practically his entire life. The subject's father, John Sampson, who was descended from old Revolutionary war stock, was a native of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, where he was reared to manhood. Upon the discovery of gold on the Pacific Coast, he braved the perils, dangers and privations of the long journey across the plains to California, where he remained for a time. He returned by way of the Isthmus of Panama, but encountered untold hardships on the trip. During his absence, friends and relatives had removed to Trumbull County, Ohio, and here John Sampson also came, locating in Liberty Township, where he engaged in farming, handling live stock, lumbering and coal mining. When Civil war threatened to disrupt the Union, he volunteered his services and rose to the rank of first lieutenant. He married Louisa Tabitha Clark and they became the parents of two children. Mr. Sampson died in 1893, respected by all who knew him. William J. Sampson was born in Liberty Township, Trumbull County, Ohio, on December 22, 1871, and there his early boyhood was passed. He received his education in the public and high schools of Youngstown, his parents having moved to this city in order to give their children better educational advantages. When a boy he began buying and selling ponies, which he found a profitable enterprise, and this he continued for a number of years. While thus engaged he also found employment in the Mahoning National Bank, but resigned that position in order to devote his full attention to the coal business, in which he had engaged as an operator. He has successfully prosecuted this line of work to the present time and has gained an enviable reputation as one of the leaders in his line in this district. He is now president of the Witch Hazel Coal Company, one of the old and best known companies in Ohio. He has been notably successful in all his business undertakings, due to his sagacity and discrimination, his business acumen being readily acknowledged by his business associates. Two noteworthy events have occurred in Mr. Sampson's business career. During the recent World war the relations between coal operators and the Government became somewhat strained, and in order to bring about harmony and a complete understanding, the National Coal Association was organized, and of this Mr. Sampson became a member of the board of directors. This organization not only effected harmony, but was able to give to the public exact information as to the affairs theretofore under discussion. In very recent years a new method of mining coal has been put into operation, which is known as the "stripping" method ; that is, by gigantic 312 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY machinery the upper strata of earth is removed and the coal is bared for operation. The Tri-State Coal Stripping Association was organized and of this Mr. Sampson was elected president. Politically, Mr. Sampson is an earnest supporter of the republican party, and for two years was a member of the Youngstown City Council. Aside from his coal interests, he gives support to every means for the advancement of the commercial, civic and moral interests of the city. He is an active member of the Chamber of Commerce, and is a director of the First National Bank and the Dollar Savings and Trust Company. He is a member of the First Presbyterian Church and, socially, is a member of the Youngstown Club and the Youngstown Country Club. On November 8, 1895, Mr. Sampson was married to Florence Wick, daughter of the late Henry Wick. To this union two children have been born, William J., Jr., and Mary Wick. The beginning of Mr. Sampson's career was characterized by hard work and conscientious endeavor, and he owed his rise to no train of fortunate incidents or fortuitous circumstances. His success is the reward of application of mental qualifications of high order to the affairs of business, the combining of keen perceptions with mental activity that enabled him to grasp the opportunities that presented themselves. This he has done with success and, what is more important, with honor. His integrity has been unassailable and he has ever stood high in the esteem of all with whom he has had relations. GEORGE F. ARREL. It is not always easy to discover and define the hidden forces that have moved a life of ceaseless activity and large professional success ; little more can be done than to note the manifestation in the career of the individual under consideration. In view of this fact, the life of the distinguished lawyer, jurist and public-spirited man of affairs whose name appears above offers a striking example of well defined purpose, with the ability to make that purpose subserve not only his own ends but the good of his fellow men as well. Judge Arrel has long held distinctive prestige in a calling which requires for its basis sound mentality and intellectual discipline of a high order, and in his chosen field of endeavor he achieved success such as few attain, his eminent standing among the leading lawyers of Ohio being duly recognized and appreciated not only in Youngstown, the city long honored by his residence, but also throughout the northeastern part of the state. George F. Arrel was born on his father's farm, .about four miles southeast of Poland, Poland Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, on October I, 1840. His paternal grandfather, John Arrel, Sr., who was born near Chambersburg, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, came to Mahoning County, Ohio, in 1800, bringing with him his wife, who was formerly a Stewart, and two daughters. Six other children were born after their arrival here and all of them grew to maturity. They settled in the backwoods of what is now Poland Township, buying a 200-acre tract from the Connecticut Western Reserve. This land enjoys the distinction of having remained continuously in the possession of this family from that time, being now owned by the subject of this sketch. John Arrel served as a private in the War of 1812, and his father before him, David Arrel, served in the War of the Revolution. John Arrel followed farming pursuits all his life and his death occurred on August 10, 1848. He was one of the founders and first members of the Presbyterian Church at Poland, where a beautiful memorial window in his honor was placed by his grandson, George F. Arrel. David Arrel, one of the sons of John Arrel, Sr., was born in Poland Township on May 6, 1803, and his death occurred on August 6, 1888. His entire life was passed as a farmer in Mahoning County and there was nothing in his career worthy of special mention. He was a man of sturdy, industrious habits, honest in his relations with others, and enjoyed the esteem of all who knew him. He was married to Martha Moore and to their union were born four children, of whom the only survivor is George F., who is also the only survivor of the third generation of the family in Mahoning County. George F. Arrel was reared on the paternal farmstead and secured his elementary education in the common schools. In September, 1859, he entered the preparatory course at Westminster College, in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, where he completed two years of preparatory work and the four-years' classical course, being graduated in June, 1865, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In 1913 his alma mater conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. In the fall of 1865 Mr. Arrel entered the law office of Francis E. Hutchins, at Warren, Ohio, to take up the study of law, remaining there until the following summer. In the fall he entered the law department of Albany Law School at Albany, New York, where he was graduated in the summer of 1867. His classmate and roommate here was William McKinley, the lamented President. On August 20, 1867, Mr. Arrel was admitted to the bar at Canfield, Ohio, and immediately thereafter he again entered the office of Mr. Hutchins in Warren, for further study. On May 11, 1868, he opened an office in the old Excelsior Block, in Youngstown, and began the active practice of his profession. His abilities were quickly recognized and in July, 1870, he was elected city solicitor to fill a vacancy occasioned by the resignation of the incumbent, and by re-elections he continued in that office until the spring of 1878. He then resumed his private practice, but two years later in 1880, he was nominated at a special convention called for that purpose as common pleas judge, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Ezra B. Taylor, who had been nominated for Congress to succeed James A. Garfield, who had been nominated for President. Judge Arrel was elected and at the regular election was re-elected, serving until February 9, 1887, when he again returned to the practice, in which he continued until July, 1917, when he retired from all active professional pursuits. As a lawyer, Judge Arrel is well informed in his profession and faithful to his clients and the law. His mind is strong, judicial and well balanced, impartial and just. He possesses a rare equanimity of temper and kindness of heart, which won for him the sincere regard of his associates at the bar. He YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 313 was an honest and fair practitioner, and took no part in the tricks of the pettifogger, which sometimes cast odium upon a profession which should ever be one of truth and honor. His qualifications for the bench were unquestionable, and many of the decisions of the Common Pleas Court bear the impress of his patient investigation and his logical argument and deductions. Faultless in honor, fearless in conduct and stainless in reputation, his career reflects credit upon the judiciary and his career at the bar and on the bench offers both example and inspiration. His character is the positive expression of a strong nature. Well disciplined in mind, maintaining a vantage point from which life presented itself in correct proportions, judicial in his attitude towards both men and measures, simple and unostentatious in his self-respecting, tolerant individuality, such a man could not prove other than a force for good in whatever relation of life he may have been placed. On October 18, 1876, Judge Arrel was united in marriage with Grace Tod, a daughter of David Tod, governor of Ohio. To them have been born two children: David Tod Arrel, unmarried, of Youngstown, and Frances Maria, the wife of Donald Parson, of Youngstown, and the mother of four children, George Arrel, William, Frances and Donald. Politically, Judge Arrel has been a lifelong supporter of the republican party and during his earlier years took an active part in its activities. While a member of no church organization, he is a firm believer in Christianity, in its broadest sense. He has been a citizen of high civic ideals, and has ever manifested his liberality in connection with measures and enterprises tending to advance the general welfare of the locality in which he lives. HENRY YOUNG, of Sharline, Coitsville Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, has spent the greater part of his life in Youngstown, and has shown very productive and useful enterprise in his development of residential suburbs contiguous to that industrial cen ter. His operations have been extensive, and while they have brought him substantial financial return have also brought much good to the work people of Youngstown in affording them residential opportunities away from, yet convenient to, the throbbing business center in which they spend their workdays. He was born in Vienna, Trumbull County, Ohio, on August 20, 1871, the son of George Young, who was born in Germany, at Stuttgart, and came to the United States in 1852. Soon afterward he came into Ohio, and for two years labored as a coal miner at Vienna, Trumbull County, Ohio, later being in Michigan for some time, and returning to Vienna for a while, after which he spent two years in Indiana, returning to Ohio and settling at Youngstown about 1885. In that city he lived for twenty years, for the greater part of the time having responsible connection with the Brown-Bonnell mill, in the boiler shop thereof. When about sixty-four years old he retired, and for the remainder of his life lived with his son Henry. He died in 1905, aged sixty-nine years. George Young for the greater part of his life worked industriously and hard. He might have been wealthy had he grasped some of the opportunities that came to him. At one time he might have bought three acres of city land for $3,500, but he then had no idea of how rapidly Youngstown would grow. Had he bought the three acres he could have eventually realized an immense profit on it, for the Stambaugh Building now stands on a portion of the land. George Young was connected in one way and another with coal mining for many years. He worked underground for a while, and later was a surface contractor, hauling railroad trucks to the mines. In 1852 he married at Warren, Trumbull County, Ohio, Margaret Bonnacker, who was born in Darmstadt, Germany. She died in Youngstown, aged seventy-two years. Their children, in order of birth, were: Lizzie, who married George Donie, of Terre Haute, Indiana ; Martin, who was connected with coal mining at Birmingham, Alabama, when he died George, who died when twenty-one years old; Isadore, now superintendent of the playgrounds at the Ohio Works, Youngstown, and for many years connected with that company; Daniel, now connected with coal mining in Indiana; Herman, also in the Indiana coal fields ; and Henry. Henry Young spent some of his boyhood at Vienna and part in Indiana, getting part of his public school education in each place. He was about fifteen years old when his parents returned from Indiana and settled in Youngstown and for a while Henry found employment at eighty cents a day hauling sand for John Baysore. He also worked for Charles Pinckney, former chef at the Tod House. With him he was associated in establishing a restaurant, and in that connection had the distinction of serving the first 15 cent meals in Youngstown. Later Henry Young acquired the business, and for about one year thereafter conducted it. He was for three years manager of a hotel business on Phelps Street, and for a further five years was manager for another hotel proprietor, about which time he met Rachel Kulon, who became his wife in 1891. For more than seven years after he had married he was in independent business as a restaurant and saloon owner, his establishment being on Hazel Street, on the site now occupied by the Strauss-Hirshburg Company. He accumulated much capital during those years of successful business, but it was a business that he did not like, and as soon as he saw that he could do so he severed all connection with it. He is a man of strong character, and naturally a man of logical business calculation, and during the last twenty years has made good use of his capital. He bought in 1901 a small farm, about twelve acres, from Frank Medbury. His intention had been to farm the land, but found that it was of little use as a truck farm, in fact, the land was barren and unproductive. But the trolley system was available and with commendable enterprise Mr. Young converted what was a profitless prospect as a truck farm into a very profitable undertaking as a suburban residential section. Within five years he trebled his original investment. After that successful venture he undertook other similar enterprises in real estate and town planning. He bought a tract of three acres near stop three of the car line and there built a fine residence in which he 314 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY still resides. Then he bought the Rochow farm of fifty-eight acres at stop twenty-nine, which he cut into lots, having as partner in this undertaking M. J. Roche, of Youngstown. Soon all the lots had been sold and Mr. Young bought the Applegate farm of twenty acres at Thorn Hill Avenue. He cut the estate into small lots and built forty or fifty houses thereon, planning to sell the houses and lots on easy-payment terms. He acquired an adjoining ten acre plot upon which he also built and in course of time sold the whole of the properties. His next venture was in the purchase and development of the forty-seven acres comprised in the D. B. Stearns' farm. He organized a company to exploit the land, and that company, which has an office in the Dollar Bank Building, Youngstown, is now busily engaged in selling lots and in furthering the development of the tract. Next, in partnership with M. A. Gunlefinger, an attorney of Youngstown, Mr. Young purchased 150 acres of land where the race track and Youngstown South Park is located, and his enterprise has developed a fine residential section, his acreage being now practically all taken up by homes of good size. Later he bought the Bianka farm, a tract of garden land at McKinley Heights at stop twenty-three, the farm platting into 900 lots, almost the whole of which have been sold for mill workers' homesites. Then Mr. Young bought the two farms of Frank Mackay on Thorn Hill Avenue, and the development of the estate is now proceeding. He has done much speculative building, especially on the street named Karl, in honor of his son, and more than 200 families are now in possession of their own homes mainly through the business enterprise of Mr. Young and the easy system devised by him for payment for such homes by workpeople who, without such help, would probably still be rent-paying residents in the uncongenial atmosphere of the city. Mr. Young has very many friends among those who have had real estate dealings with him in some of his many enterprises, his transactions generally proving to mutual advantage. He has done well by his land operations, but has also done satisfactorily for the hundreds of people he has sold homes and homesites to. Mr. Young himself has a very fine residence in Sharline, and has taken much interest in the affairs of the township. He is a factor of much influence politically, and has held some of the township offices. He was twice the choice of his party, the democratic, for state representative. For four years he was township trustee, and during that period was instrumental in bringing about a marked improvement in the state of the roads ; in fact, during the period more than 200,000 feet of road was constructed. He participated in almost all welfare work, and especially interested himself in educational matters, and his efforts were mainly responsible for the establishment of a good school in the community, which now includes many excellent families and has four grocery stores, a dry goods store, shoe store, hairdressing establishment, two markets and a roofing shop. To Mr. Young's efforts also must be attributed the obtaining of state consent to change of name from Pershingtown to Sharline. It will therefore be quite obvious that Mr. Young is characteristically a man of action and of sound business sense, and that he is also a man of good helpful public spirit. Mr. Young was largely instrumental in obtaining the first postoffice at Sharline in 1920, and, as notary public, the office of swearing in the first postmaster devolved upon him. He also was responsible for dividing the township into voting precincts, making it easier for the people to poll their votes. He has the satisfaction of knowing that directly and principally through his own enterprise, foresight and skilful application to development work there has come into existence a desirable suburban section of Youngstown rapidly developing into a self-contained community, with good school, church and roads. He is with only one exception the oldest resident in the district of Sharline. Mr. and Mrs. Young are the parents of three children: Alma May, who became the wife of Prof. G. C. Gast, of Columbus, Ohio. He is professor of languages at the Capital University, and at one time was pastor of the German Lutheran Church at Hubbard. They have two children, both sons, Paul, now four years old and Bobby, four weeks old. Karl Henry was an undergraduate at the Ohio State University when the country was declared to be in a state of war with Germany in 1917, and he held himself in readiness for military service. Eventually he was selected by his draft board, and in due course went into training in an American camp. His superior education and his previous military experience, together with good qualities of leadership eventually gained him admission to the officers' training school at Camp Taylor, Kentucky. He had been lieutenant-colonel of the Cadet Corps at the Ohio State University, and probably would have done well as an army officer had there been need. The Armistice, however, was signed while he was still at the Camp Taylor school, and so he was soon thereafter given honorable discharge from service. He resumed his college course, which ultimately, in 1919, gained him place as graduate with the degree of mechanical engineer. He is now chief engineer of the Rex Motor Car Company, with headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio. Marie Rachel, is a graduate of the Coitsville High School. MYRON H. ECKERT. Among the successful business men of Youngstown whose efforts and influence have contributed to the material prosperity and business activity of the community, Myron H. Eckert occupies a conspicuous place. Early in his career he realized the fact that practical industry, wisely and vigorously applied, never fails of success ; that the greatest results in life are often attained by simple means and the exercise of the ordinary qualities of common sense and perseverance, consequently he has applied himself with persevering and indefatigable energy to the pursuit of the business to which he has devoted himself, with the inevitable result that today he is numbered among the leaders in his line in Youngstown. Myron H. Eckert is a native son of the city in which he now lives, and where he has spent his entire life, and was born here on April 26, 1880. He YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 315 is one of three surviving children of a family of five born to Charles E. and Rebecca (Miller) Eckert, both of whom were born near New Middletown. Ohio. His paternal grandfather, John Eckert, was a native of Wurtemberg, Germany, and came to the United States when about fourteen years of age. Myron Eckert is indebted to the public schools of Youngstown for his educational training and at the age of fourteen years he became his father's assistant in the latter's meat market, remaining so employed until the death of the father. In 1898 the subject embarked in the retail grocery business, which he conducted until 1904, when he made a radical change in his business, stepping from behind the grocery counter to an insurance desk. He is now conducting a general insurance agency, handling all lines of insurance, but specializing in life, accident and liability insurance, in which he represents some of the best companies in existence, and at the same time he is agent for an equally responsible line of old-line fire insurance companies. He is peculiarly well adapted to this line of work and has built up a large and profitable clientage throughout the Ma- honing Valley. Fraternally, Mr. Eckert is a member of the Free and Accepted Masons, having attained the Knight Templar degree in the York Rite and the thirty- second degree in the Scottish Rite, the Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and socially is a member of the Youngstown Club, the Youngstown Country Club, the Automobile Club and the Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Eckert was married to Zula T. Conkle, of Coraopolis, Pennsylvania, the daughter of John Conkle, and they are the parents of two children, Wendell C. and Zola Louise. Mr. and Mrs. Eckert are members of the Westminster Presbyterian Church. They move in the best social circles of the city and are popular among their acquaintances. Mr. Eckert has consistently supported every movement calculated to benefit the city or community and, because of his public spirited tendency and his splendid personal qualities he enjoys the universal regard of all who know him. RUSSELL E. MASON. Since the organization of the Brier Hill Steel Company, one of the men who has been identified with the growth and development of this concern during its remarkable period of advancement, is Russell E. Mason. Mr. Mason came to this concern an experienced and capable man, and his abilities have found opportunity for development in the order and sales departments, with the latter of which he is connected at this time. Mr. Mason was born at Niles, Ohio, March 19, 1876, His parents, William B. and Mary Elizabeth (Russell) Mason, were agricultural people and the owners of a well-cultivated and valuable property near Niles, where the father still makes his home. He is a veteran of the Civil war, in which he participated as a volunteer in an Ohio Infantry Regiment, and is a brother of Frank H. Mason, who was appointed by President Garfield to a consul- generalship and served under all subsequent presidents until he resigned during President Wilson's first administration. The wife of William B. Mason was a native of Pennsylvania and died Christmas Day, 1917. Russell E. Mason is one of three children, all living. He was reared on the home farm, adjoining Niles, and in boyhood attended the Niles public schools and assisted his father in the work of the homestead. After completing his preliminary educational training he pursued a course in a commercial college at Youngstown, and with this training, in 1895, when the interurban line was completed to Niles, entered the service of that company in a clerical capacity and continued to be employed by that concern for some nine years. After the second year of his service, Mr. Mason was made paymaster of the line, a place which he held until 1904, and he next entered the employ of the American Steel and Wire Company, at South Sharon, Pennsylvania, being identified therewith until May, 1906. In that year Mr. Mason returned to Niles, where he was placed in charge of the order department of the Thomas Steel Company, and this connection continued until the organization of the Brier Hill Steel Company, at Youngstown. Mr. Mason has since made his home in this city and has been connected with the office organization of the concern, first as manager of the order department, later in the sales department, and in 1920 was appointed assistant general manager of sales. His offices are located in the Stambaugh Building. Mr. Mason is a member of the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce, Youngstown Club and Western Star Lodge No. 21, Free and Accepted Masons, is a republican in his political allegiance, and with Mrs. Mason belongs to the Central Christian Church. Mr. Mason was married in 1906 to Miss Mae Turner, of Mantua, Ohio. EDWARD W. CREED, proprietor of the Oaklawn Farm at Coitsville Township, is one of the progressive farmers of Mahoning County, and a member of one of its old-established families. He was born in the Village of Coitsville on May 18, 1876, a son of John Ames Creed. John Ames Creed was born in England on August 9, 1842, and was brought as a child to the United States by his parents, William and Harriet (Aries) Creed, the former of whom died when his son was nineteen years old, but the latter lived into an extreme old age. They had two children: John A. and his sister, Elizabeth, who became the wife of Ward Kirk. On July 12, 1866, John A. Creed was married to Caroline Vail, a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Gott) Vail. Mrs. Vail was born in Ireland, and her daughter, Mrs. Creed, was born at Poland, Ohio, November 18, 1845, to which place Mr. and Mrs. Vail had come prior to that date. Mrs. Creed was reared at Coitsville, where for some time her father conducted a blacksmithing business and later became a farmer. He died when still a young man, but his wife survived him for a great many years. John A. Creed and his wife became the parents of eleven children, including the following: Susan, who died at the age of twenty-four years ; Emma E., who married Frederick C. Brown, man- 316 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY ager of the East Federal Street branch of the Dollar Savings & Trust Company, lives at Pleasant Grove, but prior to her marriage was a public school teacher, having been graduated from the Canfield Normal School, and her daughter, Ethel Caropline, was graduated from the high school course in 1919 and is now a student of Oberlin College; Lottie, who married George Haskell, of Ambridge, Pennsylvania ; Anna J., who is Mrs. Arthur Welch- man, of Warren, Ohio; Edward W., who is on the old farm ; Grace, who died in childhood; James J., who lives at Economy, Pennsylvania; George A., who is on a farm at Coitsville; Flora M., who is Mrs. Louis Brownlee, of Coitsville. During his lifetime John A. Creed was one of the leading members of the Coitsville Methodist Episcopal Church. His death occurred on February 6, 1009, and in his passing his community lost an excellent citizen, and his family a kind husband and wise father. Edward W. Creed was five years old when his father moved to the farm now known as the Oaklawn farm, of seventy-eight acres, which is three miles east of Youngstown, one mile west of Coitsville and just north of the Village of East Youngstown, in the Township of Coitsville, and he also owned another farm of sixty-eight acres one-half mile distant, and these he operated together as a dairy farm, delivering milk with wagons to the people of Youngstown. At one time he also conducted a cheese factory and had at least 100 cows, but although this was a successful business he found it still more profitable to concentrate on the production of milk which he retailed. As his sons grew to maturity John A. Creed began breeding with the Hereford strain, importing his bulls, and he exhibited quite extensively at the fairs under the name of J. A. Creed & Sons, his produce securing a fair share of honors. He shipped breeding animals to Kansas and other western states, and as his reputation grew, began to exhibit at state fairs, including those at Trenton. New Jersey, and other eastern states. Edward W. Creed continues the dairy, but is now breeding Holstein cattle, and has about twenty head of thoroughbreds. He carries on his business in a methodical manner, having acquired the fundamentals of commercial operation through a business college course. In June, 1936, Edward W. Creed was united in marriage with Edna M. Pothour, a daughter of David Pothour of Coitsville. Mrs. Creed died of influenza in 1919, after having been singularly healthy all her life, so that her death seemed all the more sad as it was so unexpected. She left two two children, Dahl P. and Park B. Both Mr. and Mrs. Creed early joined the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mrs. Creed was very active in the work of that denomination at Coitsville, serving it as organist and aiding in its musical features, as she was a fine musician. She was a lady of a beautiful Christian character and is deeply mourned both in the church and outside of it. GEORGE MYRON SMITH Warren owes much to the aggressive spirit and constructive efforts of George Myron Smith, who is prominent both as a citizen and as a successful real estate operator, and who has given to Warren some of its best residential districts, known under the name of the George M. Smith Allotments. He was born at Middlefield, Geauga County, Ohio, on April 2, 1862, a son of Reuben Z. and Harriet E. (Johnson) Smith, and is a grandson of Russell Smith, the latter of whom was a native of Connecticut, from which state he came to the Western Reserve in 1800, and settled at Burton, Geauga County. The maternal grandfather, Billious K. Johnson, a native of New York State, settled at Burton, Geauga County, Ohio, at a very early date. He married Lucy Hale, daughter of Obed Hale, a member of the old Hale family of Connecticut of which Capt. Nathan Hale was a member. Like that distinguished martyr of the American Revolution, the father of Lucy Hale served in the struggle for American independence, from Connecticut. Reuben Z. Smith was born in Geauga County, Ohio, in 1824, and died there in 1907. His wife, Harriet E. (Johnson) Smith, was born in the same county in 1830, and died there in 1911. The Smiths and Hales were farming people, and Reuben Z. Smith was reared on the farm. When a young man he worked on the farm owned by Judge Hitchcock, and from that gentleman learned to be a good, practical farmer and business man, these methods enabling him to become later on, a successful agriculturalist. During the war between the states, he espoused the cause of the Union, enlisting as a private in Company K, One Hundred and Seventy- First Ohio Volunteer Infantry, a regiment raised for 100-day service. George Myron Smith attended the public schools and the old Western Reserve Seminary at West Farmington, Trumbull County, and then taught school for six years, or until he was married, spending the summers of that period on his father's farm. He began his business career in the manufacture of furniture at West Farmington, and in 1887 he and his brother-in-law, F. A. Milliken, engaged in the retail furniture business at Warren. In 1895 Mr. Smith was offered the managership of the Readsboro Chair Manufacturing Company at Readsboro, Vermont, and accepting it, discharged the duties pertaining to it until two, but in that year he became manager of the Saint Albans, Vermont, Furniture Company, where he remained for three years, and then, in 1903, he returned to Warren, and embarked in the real estate business, which he still conducts with very gratifying success. He has developed into one of the largest and most successful realty operators of Warren, and has displayed conspicuous ability in expanding the bounds of the city, and in stimulating its growth. In association with Robert B. Wick and Albert Brown, Mr. Smith opened what is known as the Golf Grounds Allotment of forly acres upon which over z00 houses have been built. Mr. Smith organized the Bolin Heights Land Company and opened the Bolin Heights Allotment between Warren and Niles which is covered wilh homes. In conjunction with W. A. Smith, he bought land and developed what is now Orchard Court, a fine residential section in the central part of the city, He laid out and developed the George M. Smith YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 317 Allotment of forty acres on Oak and Palmyra streets on the west side of the city; and also the George M. Smith Allotment near the offices of the Trumbull Steel Company on Pine Street, and the George M. Smith Allotment on South Main Street. He has divided a large number of farms and formerly did a large farm land brokerage business in both Trumbull and Mahoning counties. Mr. Smith married Grace L. Wolcott, a daughter of Orla L. Wolcott of West Farmington, Trumbull County, Ohio. Mr. Wolcott was commissioner of railways and telegraphs of the State of Ohio under the administration of Gov. William Allen; he served as auditor of Trumbull County, and was cashier of the Western Reserve Bank of Warren for many years previous to the time of his death. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Smith are as follows : Howard Wolcott, and Martha Kibbee, the latter now being Mrs. John C. Hicks of Cleveland, Ohio. Howard Wolcott Smith was educated in the public schools and Wooster University, and after completing his studies, entered newspaper work as reporter for the Cleveland Plain Dealer, and later became city editor of the Cleveland Press. During the World war he was a captain in the adjutant-general's department, and at the close of the war in March, 1919, accepted a position as general office manager for Montgomery Ward & Company of Chicago, Illinois. He married Mabel Atterholt of Youngstown, Ohio, and they have one son, Howard Wolcott Smith, Jr. In all of his realty operations Mr. Smith has been inspired with the idea of providing comfortable, sanitary and modern homes for the people of Warren at reasonable prices, thus encouraging them to invest their money in their own homes rather than to pay rent, knowing full well that nothing gives more stability to a community than an increase of home owners. JOHN CARLYSLE CRATSLEY. Since he left school in Warren John Carlysle Cratsley has continuously been identified with some phase of the financial life of the city. For about four years he was in the office of city treasurer and then elected county treasurer of Trumbull County, serving four years, and since leaving office he has been secretary-treasurer of the Union Savings & Trust Company. Mr. Cratsley was born on a farm in Howland Township, Trumbull County, December 2, 1883. His great-grandfather Jacob Cratsley established the family in the Western Reserve of Ohio in 1835, coming here from New York. The journey was made with wagon and ox cart, and from his settlement in Brookfield Township until his death he was identified with farming. John C. Cratsley was born in New York State in 1829 and was six years of age when he came to the Mahoning Valley. He was reared in Brookfield, afterwards moved to Howland, and in 1870 to Warren, where he lived retired for many years until his death at a venerable age on June 24, 1916. He married Mary Love, who died at Warren in 1899. Albert Buell Cratsley, father of the Warren banker, was born on a farm in Brookfield Township in 1859, and married Lattie H. Hearst, who was born in Braceville Township in 1858. Her parents John and Sarah (Craig) Hearst were natives of Scotland, came to America in 1821, and proceeded directly to Warren by way of Pittsburgh. They acquired a tract of Government land in Braceville Township and lived there until their death. In 1872 Albert B. Cratsley moved to Warren, and at one time was identified 'with the King Furniture Company, later with the Warren City Tank and Boiler Company, and at present is in the office of the county treasurer. John Carlysle Cratsley was educated in the public schools of Warren, graduating from the high school with the class of 1902. Since then in a period of eighteen years he has performed a large amount of valuable and gratifying service. From high school he entered the Second National Bank of Warren as bookkeeper and remained with that institution until 1909. He was elected that year on the republican ticket as city treasurer, and was re-elected in 1911. elected in 1913 and re-elected in 1915. Mr. Cratsley in 1917 became secretary and treasurer of the Union Savings & Trust Company, one of the most substantial financial organizations of Trumbull County. At the close of his second term he entered upon his duties as county treasurer, to which he was He has other interests in a business way at Warren, is a member of the Warren Board of Trade, the Rotary Club, the Buckeye Club, the Masonic Club and the Elks Club. In Masonry he is affiliated with Old Erie Lodge No. 3; Free and Accepted Masons, Warren Commandery of the Knights Templar, and Al Koran of the Mystic Shrine at Cleveland. He is a member of the First Presbyterian Church. October 23, 1907, Mr. Cratsley married Miss Caroplyn E. Kneeland, daughter of Edward S. and Minnie H. (Harmon) Kneeland. They have one son, Edward Kneeland Cratsley, born September 10, 1914. WILLIAM M. MCCARTNEY. No more excellent work can be accomplished from a constructive standpoint by anyone than that which is done by those who give to a section a new community. Such an undertaking requires the utmost confidence in the future of a locality, a foresightedness which makes possible the balancing of probabilities, and a keen judgment which allows for accidental occurrences that may have an untoward influence upon the development of the new undertaking. Contrary to a prevalent opinion, few if any new enterprises that reach ultimate success are launched with an utter disregard of surrounding conditions. Many believe that those who reach the highest positions of affluence are those who risk all without due thought as to the outcome, but this is not true. The successful man carefully plans out each step, and knows exactly what the results will be. To do this offhand would not be possible, for it takes ability, knowledge of conditions and far-sighted judgment to so adjust matters as to insure success and avoid failure. The name of McCartney has long been associated with one of the valuable rural properties lying adjacent to East Youngstown, and it is now being more prominently brought before the public in connection with the desirable McCartney addition to this community, which the McCartney brothers are developing under the name of the 318 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY McCartney Realty Company, of which James M. McCartney is president and William M. McCartney, manager. The former is a member of the Real Estate Board and the latter a member of the Chamber of Commerce. The birth of William M. McCartney occurred on the farm he is assisting in platting and subdividing November 12, 1866, and on it he was reared. During his youth he attended the Rayen High School of Youngstown, the alma mater of so many of the young people of this region, and then taught school at Thorn Hill, Ohio, for a year. He then entered the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute of Troy, New York, from which he was graduated in 1894 with the degree of civil engineer. Shortly thereafter Mr. McCartney was employed by the Sanitary District of Chicago on the construction of the Drainage Canal, and remained with it for fourteen years, rising to be assistant engineer. He was then employed by different railroads on construction work, and in 1914 his services were secured by the City of Youngstown for the construction of the Milton dam and reservoir, which he completed on December 31, 1917. Mr. McCartney then went with the McDonald plant of the Carnegie Steel Company, and was there until he and his brother became impressed with the importance of the housing problem, and they decided to plat and develop the family farm and make of it an addition to Youngstown. This farm lies on the hill along the Coitsville and McCartney roads, and is well adapted to become a desirable residence district. Several comfortable residences, including that of Mr. McCartney, have already been erected and as soon as the streets are opened and improvements begun, others will speedily follow. Mr. McCartney's house is near the one in which he was born, that now shelters his mother and brother. While attending the institute at Troy, New York, Mr. McCartney met Miss Carrie A. Jones, whom he later married, and they have one daughter, Gertrude Elizabeth. Mr. McCartney's time has been occupied with his professional duties almost to the exclusion of outside interests, so he has not developed a political or fraternal record, but he is intelligently awake to the importance of civic improvements and glad to support those which are practical. He is a Mason, having gone through the York Rite and is a member of Al Koran Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, of Cleveland, Ohio. The McCartney brothers are associated with others in the development of a summer resort and amusement park at Milton Lake, known as Craig Landing. Title to this property, as shown by the abstract, dates hack to a King George grant. James M. McCartney was born in Coitsville Township. He has lived on the old homestead from boyhood until recently. He was associated with his father in the dairying work, and later carried on the business for himself several years. At present he is president of the McCartney Realty Company and also president of the Craig Beach Realty Company. For a number of years he was president of the East Youngstown School Board, and has always been active in everything pertaining to the good of the community. He married Laura B. Wilson of Coitsville Township and they had one child, which died in infancy. Mr. McCartney is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and is also a member of the Youngstown Real Estate Board. JOHN MASTERS, president of the Trumbull Savings & Loan Company, and one of the oldest merchants of Warren, was born in Somersetshire, England, on November 3, 1841, a son of Charles and Ann (Stevens) Masters. The family came to the United States in 1856 and that same year located on a farm in Warren Township, Trumbull County, where the parents spent the balance of their days. John Masters was reared on that farm and attended the district schools. He was still on the home farm when war was declared between the two sections, and he tried to enlist in response to President Lincoln's first call, but was refused on account of his youth. But when the second call came, although then but twenty years old, he volunteered and was accepted, and enlisted in Company C, Nineteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry for three years. He served with the Army of the Cumberland and was wounded at Shiloh and again at Chickamauga, both wounds sending him to the hospital, but in both instances he recovered, served out his enlistment and received his honorable discharge. After the close of the war he returned to the farm, where he remained until 1868 when he embarked in a retail grocery business at Warren. Later he took his brother Enoch H. Masters into partnership, the business then being operated under the caption of Masters Brothers. This concern was incorporated in 1902, with John Masters as president, the name remaining as before. The business so increased that still later the Masters-Dougherty Company was organized to take over and operate the several stores now owned by the new corporation, of which John Masters continued the head until 1914, when he resigned in favor of his brother, Enoch H. Masters, who has since held that office. John Masters was one of the organizers of the Trumbull Building & Loan Association, and has been since identified with it, under its old name and its present one of the Trumbull Savings & Loan Company; he has been its president for some years. He is also a director in the Union Savings & Trust Company, a director in the Trumbull Banking Company of Girard, Ohio, and a director of the Warren Hardware Company. In all of his undertakings Mr. Masters has displayed the same willingness to do good work of all kinds steadfastly, devotedly and thoughtfully, and his progress has been the normal result of righteous business methods. Mr. Masters is a charter member of Bell-Harman Post No. 36, Grand Army of the Republic, in which he has filled the majority of the offices, including those of treasurer and adjutant, and he also belongs to the Warren Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Warren he finds his religious home, and he is serving it very faithfully as trustee. On October 1, 1868, Mr. Masters was united in marriage with Laura T. Wilson, a daughter of James and Nancy (Welty) Wilson, of Warren YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 319 Township, Trumbull County, Ohio. James Wilson was born at Youngstown, Ohio, and his wife was a native of Maryland. Mrs. Masters was born in Warren Township, where her parents both died. Mr. and Mrs. Masters became the parents of the following children: Welty J., who is secretary and treasurer of the Warren Hardware Company, married Nellie Schook; Frederick, who was second in order of birth; Charles H., who is manager of the "Masters" store owned by the Masters-Dougherty Company; Mary B., who married Ralph Lathrop, is now a widow; and Jessie, who is a resident of Washington City, District of Columbia. RAYMOND J. KAYLOR was born at Ebensburg, Pennsylvania, April 16, 1870. His parents, James J. and Cecelia (Burke) Kaylor, were both descended from colonial stock, the original progenitor in America on his father's side havrng been Peter Koehler, who came to this country from Germany during the Revolution, and joined the Continental army, serving with credit to the end of the war, and the mother's family having sprung from John Francis Burke, who came to America from Ireland in 1784. He was reared on a farm, attended the common schools, St. Francis' College and St. Vincent's College, graduating from the latter institution. He learned the trade of a printer, purchased a small paper at Hastings, Pennsylvania, and edited this for five years, serving as postmaster at the same time. In 1898 he established a county-seat weekly at Ebensburg, Pennsylvania, conducting this until 1903, when he became associated with others in the establishment of a morning paper at Johnstown, Pennsylvania, which he edited for seven years. In 1910, having disposed of his interests at Johnstown, he became editor and general manager of an afternoon paper at Altoona, Pennsylvania, continuing in this capacity until the publication was sold and then, in 1914, becoming industrial editor of the Youngstown Telegram. In 1915 he became manager of publicity for the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company. With his wife, who was Ellen Francis Adams, of Carroll- town, Pennsylvania, and their three children, Gordon M., Madeline F. and Catharine Elizabeth, he resides at 781 Bryson Street, Youngstown. CHARLES R. HOLETON SR. While the people of Niles know Charles R. Holeton, Sr., chiefly as a steady, reliable merchant, a good business man and equally good citizen, his life has been in fact one of more than ordinary variety and interspersed with many experiences such as satisfy men of adventurous disposition. He was a Union soldier during the Civil war and as a cowboy he saw much of the old West during its days of romance and adventure. Mr. Holeton was born at Poland, Mahoning County, Ohio, September 19, 1845. His father, Richard S. Holeton, a native of New Jersey, was a millwright by trade. As a young man he came West and was identified with the pioneer communities of the Western Reserve. For a time he worked at Vienna, but as there was not steady occupation for a millwright he also secured employment in a clock factory. The clocks made at this factory were altogether of wood, even wooden wheels. Later moving lo Poland, he married Mary A. Miller, and from there went to Detroit, where he remained until about 1836. Then returning to Poland, he remained in that community for a number of years, and about 1858 went to work for James Ward at Niles. The family did not take up their residence at Niles until about 1860. Richard S. Holeton continued to make Niles his home and was one of the early councilmen of the city. He was active in politics, a capable speaker and a man of much influence. He died January 30, 1870, and his widow, on June 20, 1884. Of their eight children only four are now living. They were members of the Methodist Church. Charles R. Holeton, Sr., who was the sixth among the eight children, grew up at Poland, attended the Union School there, and attended school one winter after going to Niles, and was also a student of Mary McKinley, sister of President McKinley, when she taught school at Struthers. He was apprenticed as a wagon maker, and was offered $75 and board for the three years. The apprenticeship was never finished, since the Civil war had begun, and in May, 1862, Mr. Holeton enlisted in Company D of the Eighty-Eighth Ohio Infantry. He was trained at Camp Chase, was at Gallipolis for a time, and then in the Kanawha Valley of West Virginia. He had enlisted for three months, and served four months, and with the expiration of that term he re-enlisted in Company A of the Eighty-Sixth Ohio Infantry, composed mostly of Youngstown recruits. From Camp Chase they were detailed almost immediately to check Morgan's raid through Ohio. Mr. Holeton participated in the capture of that enterprising southern general. He was also in some of the operations in Kentucky and was with the troops that took Cumberland Gap, returning thence to Lexington with 3,000 prisoners. He again marched back to Cumberland Gap, and soon afterward his term of enlistment of eight months expired and he was discharged in February, 1864. Subsequently when the Home Guards were called out he served with that organization 100 days, and was ordered into Kentucky again for the purpose of checking Morgan. At Cynthiana on June 11, 1864, he was one of the Federal troops captured, but after a few days they were paroled and that ended his military career. Mr. Holeton was the youngest of four brothers who were Union soldiers. After going back to Niles he soon went West to Missouri, and for about twenty months was employed at Moselle, that state, operating an engine in a charcoal furnace for Joseph A. Brown & Company of Youngstown. From Missouri Mr. Holeton went on to Kansas, and there began his experience as a cowboy. He helped trail a number of herds of cattle from Fort Hays to Abilene, and he rode the range for several years and was on many famous cattle trails both north and southwest. His work as a cowboy took him to Montana, where he helped drive a bunch of cattle, being over four months en route. Nearly all the district over which he worked and rode was then the domain of the cattle outfits, their only rivals being the herds of buffalo and the wild Indians. From the northwest Mr. Holeton went on to St. Paul and soon returned to Niles. Once more in Eastern Ohio, he took up the work of carpenter, and in the fall of 1871 again left home and for nearly 320 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY two years had an active experience in the lumber woods of Wisconsin. He then resumed his carpenter work at Niles until 1875, and for thirteen years and two months was with the Erie Railroad Company as carpenter foreman and bridge inspector. Mr. Hole- ton then bought a half interest in a furniture store at Niles, and that business has given him his chief occupation ever since. He is a republican and a Methodist, and for about twelve years past has served as trustee of Weathersfield Township. In 188o he married Clara M. Hardman. They are the parents of five children : Don J., who has been associated with his father since 1902; Iona, wife of Claude Thomas; May, wife of Wilbur Mines; Charles R.; and Nellie, assistant librarian of the McKinley Memorial Library. The son, Charles R., was a first lieutenant and brevet captain in Company H of the Three Hundred and Thirty-First Regiment, and has to his credit twenty-one months of service with the colors. For eight months of that time he was with his regiment in France. After completing his military service he took a course at the Cincinnati Embalming School. The father has turned his interest in the furniture and undertaking business over to his sons, both of whom are licensed embalmers. At the time of his retirement he had been engaged in the furniture and undertaking business for a period of thirty years. DAVID HAMMOND STEWART since 1916 has been a retiree resident of Struthers, but is still interested with his two brothers in the ownership of a farm half a mile east of Poland Village. Mr. Stewart had a distinctive place in Mahoning County agriculture and for years was wrdely known as "the peach man," having developed a large part of his farm as a peach orchard. At one time he had 700 bearing trees. Due to his skill and constant care the industry proved a profitable one until a comparatively recent date, when as a result of the establishment and increase of the big industrial plants, the atmosphere became so polluted with smoke and gasses that peach trees suffered the blight which has afflicted much other vegetable growth in this industrial district. Mr. Stewart represents the fifth generation of his branch of the Stewart family in America. His recorded ancestry runs back to John Stewart, a Scotch covenanter who for religious reasons fled from Scotland to County Down, Ireland in 1665. He died in 1720. His son Robert was born at Glasgow, Scotland, in 1665, and died in Ireland in 173o. The next generation was represented by Samuel, who was born near Glasgow in 1698, and in 1735 with his brother Hugh came to America and settled in a Scotch-Irish colony in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, where Samuel Stewart died in 177o. Robert Stewart, son of Samuel, was born in Ireland in 1732 and about 1765 moved to Adams County, Pennsylvania. He married a cousin, Sarah Stewart, and died in Adams County in 1811. James Stewart, a son of Robert and Sarah Stewart, was born in Pennsylvania, October 27, 1768, and in 1802, with his brother John, came to Mahoning County and each bought 374 acres in Coitsville Township. He settled on this land with his family in 1803, and in the midst of the woods built a log cabin, which was still standing more than a century later. He was twice married. His first wife was a cousin, Jean Smiley, who died in Coitsville Township. She was the mother of six children. His second wife was Jean Buchanan, who died in 1871. Alexander Stewart was the thirteenth child of James Stewart and was born in Coitsville Township, September 3,. 1825. He married Mary Hammond, daughter of John and Margaret (Neilson) Hammond. They lived on the old Stewart farm in Coitsville Township until 1863, when they sold that property and moved to Poland, where Alexander Stewart died December 14, 1903. Mrs. Mary Hammond Stewart was born March 1830, in Washington County, Pennsylvania, and is now living at the home of her youngest son, W. H. Stewart, of Poland. Although in her nintieth year she is still active and takes an interest in all family and home affairs. David Hammond Stewart was born at Thorn Hill in Coitsville Township, in the house built by his grandfather, James Stewart, and was about a year old when his parents moved to Poland Township. He grew up on the farm now occupied by his brother James and was educated in the public schools of Poland and the Poland Union Seminary. Apart I from his successful labors as a horticulturist Mr. Stewart has always manifested a keen interest in the welfare of his community. In politics he is a stanch republican and for many years has been a prominent member and an elder in the United Presbyterian Church at Struthers. This church now has about 600 members, and its edifice was erected in 1914. Mr. Stewart served as a delegate to the general assembly of the church at Loveland, Colorado, in 1915. June 30, 1886, Mr. Stewart married Sarah Frances Giesy, daughter of Jacob H. and Julia Ann (Wolf) Giesy. Mrs. Stewart was reared and educated in Fairfield County, Ohio. She died at the old home June 23, 1914. Mrs. Stewart took a very keen interest in the annals and records of the Stewart family, and was a diligent collaborator with H. T. Stewart and Miss Alice Caroline Stewart in preparing the exhaustive Stewart genealogy which was published in 1900. For many years she kept up with the various changes in the family relationship. In 1905 she acted as a delegate to the National Missionary Society of the United Presbyterian Church, at Albany, Oregon, and while in the Northwest she accidentally met a Mrs. Stewart, a representative of a branch of the Stewart family of Mahoning County which she had made a strenuous effort to trace. This chance acquaintance gave her much valuable assistance and. many facts that appear in the published Stewart genealogy. Mr. and Mrs. Stewart had two daughters, Bertha Minetta and Mary Edna, the former born January 25, 1889, and the latter January 5, 1893. The former was liberally educated in the Poland Seminary and Poland High School, in Wilmington College in Pennsylvania, and was first married to Edward Arkwright and is now the wife of A. E. Williams of Struthers. The second daughter, Mary Edna, was married on September 3o, 0916, to James Morgan. YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 321 She was a graduate of the Poland High School and worked with the charity organizations in Youngstown with Mr. J. M. Hanson for several years. Mr. and Mrs. Morgan live at Youngstown and he is secretary and treasurer of the Campbell Brothers Company there. Mr. and Mrs. Morgan have one daughter, Mary Edna, born February 23, 1919. Mrs. Morgan is secretary of the Stewart Family Reunion, which takes place the last Wednesday in each August, and serves as a means of bringing together the large direct and collateral representatives of the Stewart descendants in the line briefly traced above. HENRY C. DAVIS, who is superintendent of the Thomas and Empire Works of the Brier Hill Steel Company at Niles, has had a personal career that offers an inspiration for those who begin life on a humble plane and must depend upon their own energies and ambitions to rise in the world. Mr. Davis, who at one time was a boy helper in a coal mine in the Mahoning Valley, was born at Mineral Ridge, Ohio, July 14, 1867. His father, John Davis, was a native of Wales, and as he grew to manhood learned the trade of tailor. He married Mary Harris. Both of them had relatives in the United States, and in 1865 they also came to this country, locating first at Niles and then moving to Mineral Ridge. John Davis followed his Trade as a tailor until his death in 1868. His widow subsequently became the wife of Abel Williams and lived until July, 1916. The only child of his parents, Henry C. Davis lived at Mineral Ridge to the age of nineteen. He had only brief and limited opportunities to attend the public schools, and between the age of eleven and twelve he was employed as a helper to his stepfather in the coal mines. Thereafter his work was in and around the coal mines of that district until past the age of eighteen, when he sought something better and became a puddler's helper in the old Brown-Bonnell plant at Youngstown. For over thirty years he has been actively identified with various iron and steel industries of the Mahoning Valley. After two and a half years at Youngstown he moved to Niles, worked for the old Falcon Iron and Nail Company, at first as a puddler's helper, then as a puddler, and 'with the completion of the tin mill in 1892 became screw boy in the latter plant, then catcher and finally rougher. In April, 1905, returning to Niles, Mr. Davis became timekeeper and yard clerk for the Niles Iron and Steel Company, subsequently the Thomas Steel Company. In 1907 he became superintendent of the hot mill department, and when the plant was merged with the Brier Hill Steel Company in 1912 he remained with the larger organization as general superintendent of the works. In January, 1916, additional responsibilities were given him as superintendent of the Empire Works in the same corporation. Thus for several years past he has had the arduous duties of directing a large force of workmen and in two of the leading plants at Niles. In 1889 he married Miss Margaret Edwards, a daughter of Edward G. Edwards, an old time resident of Mineral Ridge. They have two children, Myron E. and Josephine. Mr. and Mrs. Davis are members of the Christian Church. The son Myron had an interesting military experience. He was an orderly sergeant in the Ordnance Department of the American Expeditionary Forces and saw some active duty along the Moselle River. In April, 1919, by permission of the United States Government, he was permitted to enter Oxford University, England, while still in the uniform of an American soldier. In June, 1919, he was granted an honorable discharge, and after returning to the United States entered for his final year the Harvard Law School. JOHN HOWARD ROSENSTEEL, who for a number of years past has been successfully engaged at Niles in the general insurance, fidelity and surety bond business, is also active in local affairs, is present city treasurer, and has identified himself with a number of movements looking toward the general progress of this community. Mr. Rosensteel was born in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, on the banks of the Ohio River, opposite Neville's Station, December 16, 1877. His father was the late Jacob S. Rosensteel, who spent his last years in Niles. He was a Pennsylvanian by birth and a blacksmith by trade, and made an honorable record as a Union soldier during the Civil war. Jacob S. Rosensteel enlisted January 6, 1862, and was honorably discharged from that enlistment January 31, 1864, at camp near Stroudsburg, Virginia. He re-enlisted February 1, 1864, and was finally discharged at Pittsburgh, June 26, 1865. He was a member of Battery F, known as Hampton's Battery, an organization still kept up. This was a part of the Pennsylvania Light Artillery. As a private Jacob Rosen- steel saw active service at Gettysburg, Chancellors- vine, Cedar Creek, second battle of Bull Run, second battle of Winchester, Antietam, Sulphur Springs and Mine Run and in many minor engagements. About twenty years after the close of the war, in 1885, he moved to Columbiana County, Ohio, and bought a farm including a grist and saw mill. The grist mill was operated by water power and with stone buhrs for grinding. As an institution it was widely known in that locality as Gaston's Mill. He operated the farm and mill for about eight years, when he returned to Pennsylvania and located at New Brighton, and in 1895 removed to Niles. In this city he had charge of the forging department of the Niles Mine and Mill Supply Company during its existence, and afterwards was with the Niles Forge & Manufacturing Company in the same capacity, and was so employed at the time of his death. For about two years he was similarly engaged at Caldwell, but was a resident of Niles upwards of twenty years and died in that city in April, 1914. His first wife was Mary Glancy, who left him a son and daughter. By his second marriage with Margaret C. Black he had one son, John Howard. John Howard Rosensteel has been making his own way in the world since he was about sixteen years of age. Most of his education was acquired in the public schools of Columbiana County and at New Brighton, Pennsylvania. His early ambitions led him to the study of dentistry, but the confining nature 322 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY of that profession did not appeal to him. While visiting his parents at Niles he found employment with the Niles Fire Brick Company, and remained with that concern for seven and a half years. For about four years following he was employed in a clerical capacity in the W. A. Thomas Sheet Mill. Mr. Rosensteel has been engaged in his present business since 1911. He was elected city treasurer of Niles in 1915 and is now serving his third term in that office. For several years he was secretary of the old Niles Board of Trade, is a present member of the Niles Chamber of Commerce, and during the World war, 1917-18, served as chairman of the Niles City Food Administration Committee. He is a member of the Christian Church. September 4, 1901, he married Miss Evelyn A. Harris, daughter of Henry J. Harris, of Niles, and a granddaughter of James Harris, who built one of. the first sheet mills in Niles. OTIS E. HAWK. Improvement and progress may well be said to from the keynote of the character of Otis E. Hawk, a well-known business man of Youngstown and one of the Mahoning Valley’s representative citizens. He has not only been interested in the advancement of individual affairs, but his influence has been felt in a very definite way in the upbuilding of the community now honored by his citizenship. The prosperity which he enjoys is the legitimate result of energy rightly applied and has been won by commendable qualities. Otis E. Hawk, who has been actively identified with the business interests of Youngstown since 1903, was born on June 18, 1881, on what is now a part of Kansas City, Missouri. He is a son of Adam and Margaret (Wilkinson) Hawk, who when he was about two years of age moved to West Virginia, where both parents died. The father, who was a man of splendid qualities of character, was an officer in the Union army during the Civil war. Otis E. Hawk was reared to manhood in West Virginia, and received his educational training in the public schools, being a graduate of the high school at Ravenswood. At the age of eighteen years he became an agent for life insurance and subsequently engaged in the real estate business at East Liverpool and Columbus, Ohio. He was fairly successful in his efforts, but not being entirely satisfied as to location he canvassed practically all sections of the Middle West. In 1903 he located in Youngstown, Ohio, with which city he has ever since been identified. Possessed of keen foresight, he had a vision of a larger Youngstown and accordingly made judicious purchases of land, buying extensive tracts of eligible building lots. The great demand for homes among the working classes led to his embarking in the building of homes on his land, disposing of the properties on the partial payment plan. The scheme proved so practical and popular that the business rapidly grew to dimensions that rendered it expedient to buy a lumber yard, which not only supplied his own requirements, but also became an enterprise of public accommodation. Finally the Iron City Lumber Company, organrzed in 1911, became the progenitor of the Union Wholesale Lumber Company, organized in 1916, and which is now dorng an annual business of over $3,000,000. W. H. Palmer at this time became a partner in the business and 0. E. Hawk & Company became the Hawk-Palmer Company. Mr. Hawk is president of the Hawk-Palmer Company and the Iron City Lumber Company and is a director of the Union Wholesale Lumber Company. He was the pioneer in this locality in the selling of homes on the monthly-payment plan, and his efforts in that line have probably contributed more than any other one thing to the civic and municipal welfare of Youngstown. He has built and sold over 3,000 homes, and it is noteworthy that of the buyers of these homes over 90 per cent still retain their homes. Because of his extensive experience and splendid success in the housing proposition Mr. Hawk was requested to give the American Red Cross the benefit of his knowledge and experience, and he served at Washington, D. C., without pay, from June I, 1918, to February I, 1919. He is a member of the Youngstown Real Estate Board, the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce, the Chamber of Commerce of the United States and the Youngstown Rotary Club. Mr. Hawk was married in June 12, 1912, to Myrtle D. Young, whose parents were pioneer settlers of Youngstown. Mr. and Mrs. Hawk have an adopted daughter, Elizabeth.. Although straight-forward and unostentatious, and a man who delights in keeping the even tenor of his way so far as is consistent with good citizenship, he has made his influence felt among those with whom he has mingled, and be- cause of his genuine worth and kindly disposition he is well liked by all who know him. JOHN L. MCDERMOTT, is one of the well known citizens of Niles and of Trumbull County, has played a prominent part in politics for a decade, and is a successful contractor. Mr. McDermott was born at Niles, October 12, 1872. His father, the late Charles McDermott, was born in County Cavan, Ireland. He lived in Ireland until 1860 and then and always was an ardent Irish patriot, was deeply impressed by the hardships and bitter experiences of his life in that country, with its political and other limitations; and it was to escape these conditions that he immigrated to America. Partly due to his father's influence John L. McDermott, though a native American, and proud of the fact, has always been deeply concerned with Ireland's welfare and is an incorrigible believer in the strength and validity of Ireland's cause for liberty. Charles McDermott was an iron maker by trade. On coming to this country he located at Philadelphia, and soon afterward enlisted in the United States Navy. He gave three years and eight months of devoted service to the Union cause and was assigned to the ship of war Worcester. After his honorable discharge he worked in the iron mills of Phoenix for a time, and toward the close of 1866 came to Niles, Ohio. For many years he was an employe of the old Ward mill and the old Falcon Iron & Nail Company as a puddler, and died in Niles honored and respected in two. He was a Catholic. He married Anna McClain, who died in November, 1919. John L. Dermott, one of eleven children and YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 323 born at Niles, October 12, 1872, has spent his life in his native city and acquired his education in public and parochial schools. He was partly earning his own way as a newsboy at the age of fourteen. He first became prominent in politics when he was elected at the age of twenty-six city auditor, and filled that post for three successive terms. Following that Mr. McDermott was a retail clothing and shoe merchant at Niles until 1908. In that year he was again called into public affairs by election as, county clerk of Trumbull County. He served two terms of two years each. In 1912 he was elected to represent Mahoning and Trumbull counties in the State Senate. Asa member of the Senate he was on the judiciary and finance committees, and was chairman of the temperance committee. During the past several years Mr. McDermott has maintained a large organization for the handling of contracts, chiefly in road building. He is a member of the firm of McDermott & Hannon. Mr. McDermott is a republican, is a Catholic, and is affiliated with the Knights of Columbus, Ancient Order of Hibernians and the Niles Chamber of Commerce. In 1900 he married Miss Minnie Callinan, of Niles, daughter of Edward and Ellen (Hogan) Callinan. Their five children are named John L., Jr., Frank E., Helen M., Margaret Mary and Anna. THOMAS O. CLINGAN M. D. Thirty-five years of usefulness as a physician and surgeon and as a good citizen lend special dignity to the career of Dr. Thomas 0. Clingan at Niles. The Clingans have been known and respected in this section of Eastern Ohio for considerably more than a century. Doctor Clingan's grandfather, William Clingan, and his great-grandfather, Thomas Clingan, were natives of the north of Ireland. When William was five years of age the family came to America and located on a farm in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, near the Ohio border. They were prominent among the many Scotch-Irish in that locality and Thomas Clingan by many years of persistent and energetic labor reclaimed a farm from the rugged wilderness of Western Pennsylvania. Most of his descendants have followed farming. Some of them moved across the state line into what is now Trumbull and Mahoning counties, Ohio. Dr. Thomas O. Clingan was born at Coitsville, Mahoning County, January 23, 1852. His father, Edward Meredith Clingan, was born in Trumbull Couhty in 1824, and at the age of twenty-seven followed the family occupation of farming. He then bought a saw mill, and moved it out to Belle Plaine, Minnesota. He was in Minnesota during pioneer days, when that territory was out on the northwestern frontier. At the beginning of the Civil war occurred a great Indian uprising, involving the massacre of hundreds of people and the destruction of many homes. Among the points attacked was Mankato, twelve miles from Belle Plaine, whither many refugees gathered for protection. On account of these unsettled conditions Edward M. Clingan returned East, abandoning what was a profitable and promising business in the handling of grain and livestock. He was the pioneer in the sheep industry of Minnesota. In the fall of 1863 he returned to Hubbard, Ohio, and later moved to Poland in order to educate his children in the noted Poland Seminary. He continued a sheep buyer, and drove a number of flocks through to Chicago, though he also shipped by rail. Upon the discovery of oil he went to Pennsylvania and bought lands on Oil Creek, mapped them, and going to eastern cities sold his properties at a big profit. During one of these trips he contracted a severe cold, and his death in 1867 was the direct result. He married Elizabeth Miles. Dr. Thomas O. Clingan, one of five children, three of whom are still living, was well educated in local schools, graduated in the classical course from West- minister College in Western Pennsylvania in 1880, and then took up the study of medicine. He completed his course and received his degree in 1884 from the Cleveland Homeopathic Hospital College. After a brief practice in Lucerne, Pennsylvania, he located at Niles in 1885 and has been diligently engaged in the routine of a private practice ever since. He is a member of the Hahnemann Medical and the County, State and National societies. He is a Knight Templar Mason, a republican and a member of the Trumbull Country Club. September 19, 1888, Doctor Clingan married Margaret Thomas, daughter of John R. Thomas of Niles. They have four children: Margaret, wife of George Wick; Elizabeth, Mrs. John Hosack ; John R., who was a sergeant in the Aviation Department during the World war, but was unable to get overseas ; and Thomas Omar. EDWARD D. THOMPSON. Though not yet forty, Mr. Thompson has given twenty-three years to the iron and steel industry, chiefly in sales departments of some of the well known organizations of the Middle West. He has been a resident of Niles since January, 1912, and is vice president and general manager of the Stevens Metal Products Company of that city. Mr. Thompson was born at the old Town of Wyandotte, Kansas, now incorporated in Kansas City, Kansas. His birth occurred September 3, 1881, and he is a son of George and Nellie (Freeman) Thompson. His father has spent his active life as a contractor and is now living at New York City. Edward D. Thompson lived in a number of localities where his father was in business, including Blair, Nebraska, Fort Sill, then in Indian Territory, Minneapolis and Chicago. Practically all his common school education was acquired in Chicago. At the age of seventeen he became office boy for Joseph T. Ryerson & Son at Chicago, one of the old and prominent firms of steel manufacturers in the Middle West. He learned the steel business there and went through the various grades of service until he was made city sales manager, and finally traveling salesman. On leaving the Ryerson Company he became a manufacturers' agent for steel products on his own responsibility. Some of the goods he handled were the products of the DeForest Sheet and Tin Plate Company of Niles. This led to his removal to the city in 1912, and he became resident sales manager for the corporation. When the DeForest interests organized a subsidiary company known as the Metal Post & Culvert Company, Mr. Thompson became vice president, and gave most of his time to the 324 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY duties of that position until July, 1916. At that date he became associated with W. H. Stevens in the organization of the Stevens Metal Products Company, and has been vice president and manager of the company !throughout the four years of its steadily growing business and prosperity. Mr. Thompson is a member of the Niles Club, the Warren Country Club, the Niles Chamber of Commerce, is a republican voter and a member of the Episcopal Church. October 18, 1906, he married Elsa Hirt, of Chicago. Their two children arc Dorothy Evelyn and Edward D., Jr. JAMES E. PARKER. The true measure of individual success is determined by what one has accomplished, and, as taken in contradistinction to the old adage that a prophet is not without honor save in his own country, there is particular interest attaching to the review of the subject of this sketch, since he is a native son of Youngstown, where his entire life has been passed, and has so directed his ability and efforts as to gain recognition as one of the worthy citizens of the community. When a boy he set to work to overcome all difficulties that might lay in his path to success, and the high standing which he now enjoys is the result. Earnest labor, unabating perseverance and a laudable ambition are the elements by which he has ascended the steeps. James E. Parker, secretary of the Brier Hill Steel Company, is a son of William Parker, who vas born in Wales in 1843. The latter was brought to the United States by his parents, Evan and Anna Parker, about the year 1851. They first located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, whence they eventually came to Youngstown, where Evan Parker purchased one of the first farms sold in the east end of town. He applied himself closely to the operation of this farm until he retired from active life, his death occurring about 1891. His son William Parker grew to manhood in Youngstown and attended the public schools. He was employed in a coal mine, farmed and worked as a puddler for the old Ma- honing Valley Iron Company. During the Civil war he enlisted in the defense of his country in the 100- day service. He was an industrious, law-abiding man and stood for all that was best in American citizenship. He died on March 4, 1907, and is survived by his widow. To these worthy parents were born the following children: Anna, who died in infancy; Thomas L., now district paymaster for the Carnegie Steel Companysi; J. Howard, cashier of the First National Bank of Youngstown; James E., the immediate subject of this sketch; and Sarah L. James E. Parker was born in Youngstown on March 29, 1876, and received his educational training in the public school, graduating from the Rayen High School. . When twenty years of age he became a messenger for H. N. Donaldson, superintendent of the Mahoning Division of the Erie Railroad. Later he became night ticket agent for the Erie Railroad in Youngstown and then became chief clerk of the division engineer of that road. He then entered the employ of the Ohio Steel Company in a clerical capacity, and some time later became a bookkeeper for the old Brier Hill Iron and Coal Company, being thus engaged and as auditor and purchasing agent until 1912. At that time the Brier Hill Steel Company was formed, and of this Mr. Parker became secretary, a position which he has continued to occupy to the present time. Politically Mr. Parker is a republican and in religion is a member of the Congregational Church. He takes a keen interest in the general welfare of the city and is a stanch supporter of all worthy public movements. Mr. Parker was married on November 20, 1900, to Anna J. Lloyd, the daughter of William D. Lloyd, and to them have been born two daughters, Anna Florence and Margaret Elizabeth. Personally Mr. Parker possesses those qualities which commend a man to the good opinion of his fellows, and he is eminently deserving of their confidence and esteem. FRANK H MASON, who died at Paris, France, on the morning of June 21, 1916, was a distinguished American by the length and quality of his service, and his record reflects special credit upon his native city of Niles, and the community which he always regarded as his home. He was born at Niles, March 24, 1840, oldest son of Dean Edson and Bertha Minerva (Holcomb) Mason. His only living brother is William B. Mason of Niles. His early life was spent around his native city, and at the beginning of the Civil war he was a student in Hiram College. He soon left his studies to join Company A of the Forty-Second Ohio Infantry, his regimental commander being James A. Garfield, honored both as the president of Hiram College and president of the United States. During the siege of Vicksburg he was promoted to captain in the Twelfth Ohio Cavalry. For six months he endured the hardships and privations of Libby Prison. At the close of the war he entered journalism, and for several years was editor of the Cleveland Leader. In 1880 he was appointed Consul at Basle, Switzerland, and from that time until the close of his life, was continuously in the diplomatic service of his nation. He took with him into that service an unusual equipment, and accepted his responsibilities as something more than a matter of routine. The four years he spent at Basle resulted in some distinct improvements in the consulate service. While there he detected some frauds in undervaluation and his reports became the basis for some important changes in the management of the consular office. Such was the character of his services that political changes at home never affected his tenure. In 1884 he was made consul at Marseilles and from 1889 to 1899 was consul general at Frankfort-on-the-Main, and was consul general at Berlin from 1899 to 1905. While in Berlin he was in personal touch with the Emperor and other prominent leaders of the German Government. From March 6, 1905, he served as consul general at Paris until the beginning of the World war. It would he difficult to explain all the good he accomplished for ins country in these various offices. He was a journalist by profession, and he put a certain frre and directness into his consular reports that made them widely read and served to make their recommendations effective. The report he sent YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 325 out from Marseilles during the cholera epidemic served a great purpose in bringing relief to the city. While in Frankfort he became the advance agent for American trade with Germany, and both at Berlin and Paris he was an invaluable member of the commission to establish new commercial agreements with the United States. At the beginning of the World war Mr, Mason retired from the consular service with the hope of gaining a well deserved rest. That desire was not granted. In August, 1914, when the American Ambulance Committee was formed, Captain Mason, who in the meantime had returned to the United States, became interested in raising funds for the Allies. At that time he visited his brother, William B. Mason, at their old boyhood home in Niles, and then expressed his views that the United States would sooner or later be drawn into the conflict. He soon went back to Paris as chairman of the American Ambulance Committee, and then began the most strenuous period of his life. He saw the work of the American ambulance grow from 200 to 600 beds at Neuilly, and the Motor Ambulance Transport Service from a few motors used at the battle of the Marne to a superb unit working all along the French front. His associates testified to his enthusiasm, energy and optimism and his wonderful executive ability. In a peculiarly vital way the moving spirit of the American ambulance was Capt. Frank Mason. It took his life, it is his monument. His invaluable assistant was his devoted wife. Within a year of his passing she too joined him in the world beyond, as did also a son who was the American consul at Algiers. September 26, 1866, Captain Mason married Jenny (Van Wyck) Birchard. Their happy life together covered half a century. They were the parents of two sons, Dean Birchard, deceased, and Dr. Francis P., a consulting engineering at Chicago. From the viewpoint of the Government to which he was accredited, Captain Mason was regarded as the best the United States had to give in the way of an American gentleman. The American Government regarded him equally high, considering him one of the ablest men it could send to serve its citizens abroad and look after the business and humanity of our international relations. CARTER C. MCCONNELL. Since he was a boy of fifteen Carter C. McConnell's services and experiences have been almost altogether in banking and financial institutions. He represents some of the worthy pioneer families of Eastern Ohio, and in his individual career has exemplified their characteristics of honesty and forceful capability. Mr. McConnell, who is secretary of the McKinley Savings and Loan Association at Niles, was born December 25, 1884, in Weathersfield Township, Trumbull County. The farm of his parents stood on the present site of the Empire Mill. His grandfather was William C. McConnell, one of the early farmers and stock dealers of Trumbull County. Mr. McConnell is a son of Charles and Jennie (Campbell) McConnell. His father spent his early life as an Ohio farmer, also lived for a few years in Southern Kansas, and on returning to Ohio located at Niles, where he is now employed in the galvanizing department of the Empire Mills of the Brier Hill Steel Company. One of a family of nine children, Carter C. McConnell has spent most of his life in or near Niles, attending the Evansville public schools. At the age of fifteen he entered the First National Bank of Niles as collector, and was with that one institution for several years, being promoted eventually to teller. On leaving it he was for three years cashier of the First National Bank of Rock Creek in Ashtabula County, and for six years was assistant receiver of National Banks under the Federal Government. These duties took him to many parts of the country and brought him an intimate knowledge of banking conditions and the banking business in general. Mr. McConnell in 1915 became assistant secretary and treasurer of the Dollar Savings Bank Company at Niles. He resigned upon the organization of the McKinley Savings & Loan Association and has since been secretary of that institution. He is also a stockholder in the Stevens Metal Products Company, the Niles Fuel and Supply Company and the Electric Alloy Steel Company. Mr. McConnell is a director of the Niles Chamber of Commerce, is a member of the Niles Club, is a Royal Arch Mason, a republican in politics, and a member of the First Christian Church of Niles. September 2, 1907, he married Miss Mollie G. Owen, daughter of Evan E. and Catherine (Jones) Owen, of Mineral Ridge, Ohio. They have two children : William Carter and Robert Owen. CHARLES CROW was a professional ball player for a number of years and first became known in the Mahoning Valley through his exploits on the diamond. For many years he has regarded Niles as his home city, was formerly a merchant there, and is the present mayor of the city. Mr. Crow was born at Coal Center, Pennsylvania, December 24, 1872, son of Solomon P. and Sarah Augusta (Stewart) Crow. His early boyhood was spent at Coal Center and Webster, and he was a boy worker in the mines of Coal Center. Another early experience was as cabin boy on coal boats. He also worked for a time in the steel mills at Homestead. While he had serious work to do even as a small boy he was passionately fond of athletic sports and played his first semi-professional ball at Webster and at California, Pennsylvania. He was fully transferred to the professional class at Charleroi. The manager of the Charleroi team at that time was John K. Tener, afterwards governor of Pennsylvania. Mr. Crow after playing with several other teams came to Niles in 1896 as pitcher for the local organization. He finished the season at New Philadelphia. He then played in the old Interstate League with the team representing Springfield, Ohio, then with the Port Huron team in the Michigan League, played at Guelph, Ontario, in the Ontario League ; and was a member of the London team of the International League until 1899, when he returned to Ohio and joined the Youngstown organization in the old Youngstown League, playing out the remainder of the season and the season of 1900. The following season he played with the Little Rock team in the Southern 326 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY League, and that practically ended his professional career, though he frequently was drawn into the old game on special occasions. Mr. Crow at one time also managed the Sharon team of the Ohio and Pennsylvania League and later managed the Youngstown team in the same league, and was manager of the Niles team in a notable season when the interests of the fans all over this part of the state was centered in the contest between Niles and Youngstown. Mr. Crow became a retail boot and shoe merchant of Niles about 1908, and was active in business until 1917, when he sold out. He was elected mayor of the city in 1915, and has been re-elected in 1917 and 1919. He has given Niles a splendid administration of its municipal affairs. During the World war in addition to the routine duties of his office he served as chairman of the Fuel Committee for Trumbull County, was chairman of the Soldiers' Welfare Committee, a member of the Food Committee, and was also employed in secret service work. He gave freely of his time and talents to the Government in that trying period and received frequent commendations for his services. On Christmas Day, 1899, Mr. Crow married Ruth S. McGaughey, a daughter of William and Mary (Cleland) McGaughey. Her father was a prominent member of the Niles bar. Two children have been born to their marriage : Mary Geraldine and John Charles, their familiar names among their associates being "Jerry" and "Jack." The family are members of the Presbyterian Church and Mr. Crow is affiliated with the Niles Club, the Elks Club of Warren, the Knights of Pythias and the Improved Order of Red Men. WILLIAM EDWARDS MANNING, vice president and general manager of sales for the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, is one of the most prominent figures in the industrial life of Youngstown. He was born at Youngstown on March 14, 1870, his father being Dr. John Manning and his grandfather, Dr. Henry Mannrng, both names highly honored in the professional history of the city. Dr. Henry Manning was not only the leading physician of his time in the Mahoning Valley, but he was also deeply interested in the industrial progress of the community and did much to advance its business and social progress. William E. Manning attended the common schools in Youngstown and graduated from the Rayen High School in 1888. He then entered the works of Brown, Bonnell & Company in a clerical position, from which he was rapidly advanced until when the plant was purchased by the Republic Iron & Steel Company he was placed in charge of the order department. On the organization of the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company Mr. Manning became first assistant to the manager of sales for this company, his connection with this concern having been continuous since shortly after its organization. In 1913 Mr. Manning was elected secretary of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, and was also elected a vice president of the company at its annual meeting in 1917. His long experience and extensive acquaintance make him one of the leading figures among the men who direct the sales organizations of the steel industry in this country, and his unusual executive ability has enabled him to build for his company an organization which has a wide reputation and has contributed greatly to its unusual success. Mr. Manning is a man of rare personal qualities and his broad culture and understanding make him highly popular in a large circle of acquaintances. In addition to his official duties with the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company he is also president of the Continental Supply Company and the Youngstown Steel Products Company, subsidiary corporations forming a part of the parent company's extensive sales organization. He is a member of the Youngstown Club, the Youngstown Country Club, the Duquesne Club, the American Iron & Steel Institute, the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, and other social and business organizations. July 13, 1920, he was elected president of the Youngstown Young Men's Christian Association. He is a republican and attends the Episcopal Church. In 1914 Mr. Manning was married to Alma Resch, of Youngstown. They have had two children, Helen Anne; and William Edwards, Jr., who died December 17, 1919. SARAH GASTON FRACK, M. D. A pioneer woman in the medical profession of Eastern Ohio, Doctor Frack has been engaged in the work of her profession at Niles for twenty-three years. She studied medicine at a time when few women had the courage and independence to select that as a profession, and at all points she has held her own with her professional brethren. Sarah Gaston was born in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, daughter of Arthur B. and Hannah J. (McMaster) Gaston. In the paternal line she is of French ancestry, while the McMasters were Scotch. She is one of five children, and three of them became successful physicians. Her early life was spent at Meadville, and in 1891 she received the Bachelor of Science degree from the Edinboro State Normal School in Pennsylvania. She also attended Allegheny College at Meadville, and for one year was a student of music at Oberlin College. She began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Susan F. Rose, a pioneer woman physician of Meadville. After a year she entered the Cleveland University of Medicine and Surgery, now the Homeopathic Department of the Ohio State University. She graduated in 1895, and for two years before coming to Niles was associated in practice with her former preceptor, Doctor Rose, at Meadville. She is a member of the Trumbull County and Ohio State Medical Societies, the American Medical Association, and the American Institute of Homeopathy. In November, 1905, she became the wife of Evan M. Frack of Niles. HENRY F. RIDER left school to become a mill 'worker at Niles, and some years later from what he was able to earn and save from his skill and labor he invested in a mercantile business, and has since developed one of the leading establishments of its kind. Mr. Rider, whose store is at 142 Vienna Avenue YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 327 in Niles, has lived in this city nearly all his life, though he was born in Baltimore, Maryland, May 15, 1860. His parents, George and Margaret (Sandman) Rider, came from Germany when young people, were married in Baltimore, and moved to Ohio about the beginning of the Civil war. George Rider did his first work in America in an iron plant at Baltimore. In 1856 he voted for Buchanan for president. Beginning in 186o and until the close of his life he was an ardent and stanch republican. For a time he walked six miles from home to chop wood at 5o cents a day, this having been during Buchanan's time. When the Civil war came on he enlisted in the Union army in the 196th Ohio Infantry, and with the close of his military service he spent many years in the Ward Mill and the Andrews plant at Niles. Most of the time he was labor foreman in the coal supply department. He and his wife were active Presbyterians. Their children numbered six : John, a resident of Niles; Henry F.; Rosa, who lives in Cleveland; Leonard, manager of the Christ Diebels grocery and meat establishment at Niles ; George, a grocer who died at Niles in 1910; and Lizzie, who died at the age of thirty-two, the wife of Elmer Gifford. Henry F. Rider received his early education in the old Central School at Niles. He left there to go to work in the sheet metal department of the Russia Mill, and after that was employed in several local plants until 1905. In that year he used his capital to open a stock of general merchandise at 142 Vienna Avenue, and for fifteen years has seen his trade steadily increase at that location. Mr. Rider is a good business man and also is identified with the substantial interests of his home community. He has always voted as a republican, and he and his family are members of the Presbyterian Church. In past years he was an elder in the church, and has also served on the Board of Trustees. In 1889 Mr. Rider married Miss Lizzie Stein, daughter of Jacob and Fredericka Stein. To their marriage were born three children: Howard, Miss Clyde, and Myrtle, who died at the age of twenty-eight. Howard Rider, grandson of a Union soldier, was in the World War, and spent a year with the Expeditionary Forces in France and Germany. FRANK T. KEARNEY in early life learned a mechanrcal trade and for years was an employe of industrial concerns, but eventually retiring entered the furniture and undertaking business at Niles, and has developed a most complete and adequate service as a funeral director. Mr. Kearney, who had three sons in the great war, one of whom gave up his life for the country, was born in Toronto, Canada, June 5, 1864, son of Thomas and Mary (Keenen) Kearney. His parents were Canadians, and when their son Frank was a boy they came to the United States and settled at Corry, Pennsylvania. The father was a carpenter and builder, specializing in heavy ship building and dock work. He died at Corry at the age of fifty-six and his wife at fifty-four. Frank J. Kearney, third among ten children, grew up and received his education in Corry and Jamestown, Pennsylvania, leaving school at the age of seventeen. He learned the boilermaker and machinist's trades with Lynch Brothers in Corry. After completing his apprenticeship he was employed by the Standard Oil Company, building tanks and standpipes, a business that took him to all parts of the United States. Later he acquired a more settled home as an employe of the Warren Boiler Works, and first came to Niles an an employe of the McKinley plant. Leaving his trade Mr. Kearney formed a partnership with M. J. Flaherty in the furniture and undertaking business. In order to handle the new business more adequately he took a course in embalming and since the death of Mr. Flaherty has continued in business on his own account. He has ambulances, a complete motor equipment, a private funeral chapel, and all the appointments for a perfect service. Mr. Kearney is a member of the Board of Trade and Chamber of Commerce, is a Knight of Columbus, and he and his family are members of St. Stephen's Catholic Church. In 1888 he married Miss Agnes McCauley, member of an old and prominent family of Niles. Eleven children were born to their marriage. There are five sons. James A., an ex-service man who was a sergeant at Camp Jackson, now lives at Warren. Thomas, who was trained at Camp Sherman, is an associate with his father in business. The son Frank, who was trained at Camp Sherman and Camp Gordon, went overseas from Camp Merritt as company clerk and sergeant in Company E of the Eleventh Regiment, Fifth Division, and lost his life during the St. Mihiel drive. The two younger sons are Paul, a resident of Jeffersonville, Indiana, and Joseph, still in school. JOSEPH W. JOBE is active head of the Niles hardware house of J. W. Jobe & Company, and has been pursuing a diligent and progressive business career in the Mahoning Valley for many years. He was born February 10, 1872, in one of a row of houses that stood near the James Ward Mill. His parents, Daniel and Sarah (Gunter) Jobe, were natives of Wales and immediately after their marriage in 1867 came to the United States. Daniel Jobe for many years was regarded as one of the most expert heaters in the mills of the Mahoning Valley. He was employed in that capacity in the Ward Mill, and after it quit business was with the Russia Mill and the Falcon Company. He died in 1898, at the age of sixty-five. His widow survived until 1914, when she was seventy-eight years of age. They were people of wholesome character and of high standing in their community, and were constant attendants of the Welsh Congregational Church. Of their seven children five are still living, John E., a machinist in San Francisco; Lewis S., who owns *a bluegrass farm at Springfield and raises high grade cattle; Dan, connected with the Trumbull Steel Company at Warren; Joseph W.; Hattie M., wife of L. L. Hill, of Warren; Annie who died at the age of fifty ; the wife of H. G. Max of Warren; and Sarah, who died at the age of fifty-three, the wife of H. W. Miller, of Springfield. Joseph W. Jobe acquired a good education in the public schools of Niles, and from school served an 328 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY apprenticeship as a baker in the establishment of H. W. Miller. His early knowledge of the hardware business was acquired as clerk for J. W. Eaton for six years. For three years he was manager of the F. L. Head business, and after another period, associated with S. O. Manchester at Niles, he removed to Ashland, Kentucky, and for five years was secretary of the Southern Sheet & Tin Plate Company. Upon returning to Niles Mr. Jobe organized the Main Hardware Company, acting as president, but three years later, in 1918, started the J. W. Jobe & Company, and now has his son associated with him as a partner. This is one of the leading hardware establishments in Trumbull County, and Mr. Jobe has the satisfaction of having seen his affairs steadily prosper from year to year. He is also a director of the Home Savings & Loan Company. In 1894 he married Miss Mattie A. Brice, who was born at Cleveland in 1873, a daughter of Mrs. Flora Brice. Mr. and Mrs. Jobe have two children, Herbert L. and Martha. The latter is still in school. Herbert graduated from the Niles High School, was a member of the Students Army Training Corps at Hiram College, and since the war has been in business with his father. Mr. and Mrs. Jobe are members of the Christian Church, and he has served as a deacon for seventeen years. He is a Knight Templar Mason and Shriner, and is affiliated with the republican party. JAMES W. DEETRICK. There could be no more comprehensive history written of a city or county, or even of a state and its people, than that which deals with the life work of those who by their own endeavor and indomitable energy have placed themselves where they well deserve the title of "progressive," and in this sketch will be found the record of one who has outstripped many less active and less able plodders on the highway of life, one who has not been subdued by the obstacles and failures that come to everyone, but who has made them stepping stones to higher things. At the same time that he has been winning his way in the material affairs of life he has also so ordered his actions as to win the honor and respect of all who know him because of his sterling qualities of character. James W. Deetrick was born in the Village of Brownsville, Butler County, Pennsylvania, on November 10, 1870, being one of two children born to John and Elizabeth M. (Park) Deetrick. In both paternal and maternal lines the subject is descended from old colonial stock. John Deetrick was an able and successful physician and surgeon who moved to Youngstown in 1882 and here practiced his profession until 1894, when his death occurred. James W. Deetrick was about twelve years of age when the family came to Youngstown, and he secured his education in the public schools, graduating from the Rayen High School. Since leaving school practically his entire life has been spent in connection with the iron industry in the Mahoning Valley. His first employment wa3 with the old Youngstown Steel Company (now the Brier Hill Steel Company) in 1889, as a chemist in the laboratory. In 1894 he became a chemist in the employ of the Ohio Steel Works of the Carnegie Com pany, and three years later became chemist for the Mahoning Valley Iron Company. He was made superintendent of the Hannah Blast Furnace of the Mahoning Valley Iron Company when it was absorbed by the Republic Iron and Steel Company in May, 1899, and since that time has filled various positions with that company, at the present time being vice president, in charge of operations. With a broad and comprehensive knowledge of the iron industry in all its details, he is well qualified for any position he might be required to fill. In 1897 Mr. Deetrick was married to Mildred C. Ward, of Niles, Ohio, the daughter of James D. Ward, and they are the parents of two children, Alice E. and John W. Mr. Deetrick is a member of the Youngstown Club, the Youngstown Country Club, the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce, the Rotary Club, the Free and Accepted Masons, the American Iron and Steel Institute, the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, the Youngstown Society of Engineers, and the American Society for Testing Materials. Politically he gives his support to the republican party. Strong and forceful in his relations with his fellow men, he has not only made his presence felt, but has also gained the good will and commendation of both his associates and the general public, ever retaining his reputation among men for integrity and high character, no matter how trying the circumstances, and never losing that dignity which is the birthright of the true gentleman. JOHN DUNSTAN began his career at Niles after leaving school as a mill worker, but more than a quarter of a century ago made a fortunate choice in line with his special inclinations, and with a capital that would hardly buy today a suit of clothes entered the floral and greenhouse business. Having a genius and love for plant life, and possessing also an executive turn, he has seen his affairs prosper and his establishment grow to one of large dimensions. The Dunstan floral greenhouses and plant are on Girard Street in Niles, and are one of the most prosperous establishments of the kind in the Mahoning Valley. Mr. Dunstan was born in Cornwall, England, August 24, 1861, and came to Ohio when a boy. His parents were Thomas and Jane (Solomon) Dunstan. His father was an English farmer and also a contractor for the purchase of timber for shipbuilding purposes. He brought his family to Niles in 1872, and here turned his attention to market gardening. For many years he supplied vegetables and truck to the cities of the Mahoning Valley. He lived to be eighty-one years of age, passing away in 1911. The mother died in 1900, at the age of fifty-nine. They were members of the Episcopal Church. Of the five children the two now living are John and Bessie, the latter the widow of George Rider, who was a Niles merchant. The three children now deceased were: George, a grocer, who died of hydrophobia at the age of forty-eight, after being bitten by a mad dog; Mary, who died at the age of forty- six, the wife of Thomas Marshall; and Ellen, who was born in 1859 and died in 1918, the wife of Walter Biddleston. YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 329 John Dunstan attended school in Cornwall, and from the age of eleven was a pupil in the schools of Niles when L. L. Campbell was superintendent. On leaving school he found employment in the Russia Mill, working on the shears and in other capacities, and developed a high degree of skill as a mill man. He was connected with some of the leading industries of Niles for twelve years. Mr. Dunstan helped the firm of Hippards build the Youngstown greenhouses on Logan Avenue, and after seeing that plant completed he determined to engage in business for himself. That was in 1892, and his initial capital was only fifty dollars. He has been in business ever since, and has more and more specialized in bedding plants. At Youngstown Mr. Dunstan married Emma Hartenstein, a native of Lima, Ohio. She died a year later, leaving one son, Lloyd, now a resident of Youngstown. For his present wife Mr. Dunstan married Vernie Kisner, daughter of Albert Kisner of Holland. They have three children. Albert served fourteen months on the battle lines in France in the Signal Service, and is now employed in the Thomas Mills at Niles. The daughter, Mary, is the wife of Elmer Krebs, of Cleveland. Glen B. was a sergeant of infantry in training at Camp Taylor during the war. Mr. Dunstan is one of the busy men of Niles, but he also finds time to participate in various public and civic enterprises. He is a republican, a member of the Methodist Church, and is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. EDWARD R. EDWARDS. For half a century or more the Edwards family have been prominently identified with the building and contracting business in the Mahoning Valley. Edward R. Edwards and his brother Harry have an organization that has carried out a large part of the building program in the Youngstown District in recent years, particularly the building of homes of the better class for the thousands of prosperous families who have been added to the population of this section. Edward R. Edwards was born May 25, 1872, and is a son of Edward R. and Ellen (Siddell) Edwards. His mother's family have a historic place in the Mahoning Valley. They occupied the first house built in the village of Mineral Ridge in 1842. This was a log structure. Isaac Siddell is credited with having erected the second grist mill in the Mahoning Valley, at Ellsworth. Edward R. Edwards, Sr., was a native of Wales, and was brought from that country at the age of nine years. He grew up in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, where he married for his first wife Elizabeth Davis. Two years later he came to the Ma- honing Valley. His intention was to locate in Cleveland, but instead he established his home at Weathersford. During the Civil war he served three years and six months with the Twentieth Ohio Battalion, He was in many battles and nearly lost his life in the battle "above the clouds" at Lookout Mountain. An artillery wagon on which he was riding was thrown over a cliff and his life was saved by his lodging in a tree. After the war he engaged in the contracting business and erected some of the first industrial plants in the valley. He was associated with Jonathan Warner, Sr., in erecting the first furnace at Mineral Ridge. He also built the schoolhouse of that town. He was a republican and was a very active member of the Presbyterian Church. After the death of his first wife he married Ellen Siddell, and they made their home at Mineral Ridge. Edward, Sr., died in 1916, at the age of eighty-seven. His second wife died in 1910, at the age of seventy-six. The children of his first marriage were: Minnie, wife of Courtney Thompson, of Youngstown; John Edwards, of Youngstown ; and Martha, who died in 1895, the wife of E. E. Humes. The three sons of Mrs. Ellen Siddell Edwards are R. C. Edwards, who is a builder and dealer in homes in San Francisco ; Harry E. and Edward R., Jr. Edward R. Edwards, Jr., was superintendent of construction for the Building Committee during the erection of the McKinley Memorial at Niles. He was well equipped by early training and natural qualifications for his present business, and he and his brother have a large volume of work to their credit. They built the plant of the Western Reserve Steel Company at Warren for C. G. Thomas, and also built the Mahoning Valley Steel Company plant, the Niles Car Manufacturing Company plant and the Knox Pressed Weld Steel Company plant at Wheatland, Ohio. Besides industrial construction, they built in 1919 houses at Youngstown to the value of $200.000. These are all brick homes, and were rapidly sold. The firm also erected twenty homes at Niles. Mr. Edwards married in 1901 Katie Bird, daughter of Emanuel Bird of Pittsburgh. They have three daughters, Catherine, Sarah Estelle and Mary Bird. Mr. Edwards is a republican, and he and his family are Presbyterians. CLARENCE HARLAN RIEGEL, vice president and general manager of the Ohio Corrugating Company of Warren, has been identified with the industrial affairs of the Mahoning Valley for over twenty years, during which time he has progressed from apprentice to executive. He was born at Portsmouth, Ohio, on August 23, 1878, the son of Elias and Arvilla (Smith) Riegel. The Riegel family is of Pennsylvania origin, but has been in Ohio for five generations. Benjamin Riegel, grandfather of Clarence H., was born on a farm in Jackson County, Ohio. Elias, father of Clarence H., was born in Jackson, Ohio, in 1854. He was engaged in the wholesale grocery business in Portsmouth for a number of years, removed to Niles in 1882, and thereafter was engaged in the mercantile business at Hazleton, Pennsylvania. He died at Youngstown in November, 1916. He married Arvilla Smith, who was born in New York State. Her father, John M. Smith, was the promoter of the first County Fair ever held in Ohio, the fair having been held at Middlebury, now East Akron, Ohio. With the exception of his first four years Clarence H. Riegel has spent his entire life in the Mahoning Valley. He was educated at Rayen High School at Youngstown, and at the age of seventeen he became an apprentice in John 0. Pew's roofing shop at 330 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY Hazleton, Pennsylvania. In 1900 he was placed in charge of the finishing department of the Niles plant of the Empire Iron and Steel Company. When the De Forest Sheet and Tin Plate Company was organized at Niles in 1907, Mr. Riegel was made superintendent of the finishing department of that plant, and so continued until 1914, when he resigned to join the organization of the Ohio Corrugating Company at Warren as vice president and general manager. In 1902 Mr. Riegel was united in marriage with Mary Ellen, daughter of Griffith R. and Francis Jones, of Brookfield, Ohio, and to their marriage three children have been born: Francis Arvilla, Myron Warner and Dorothy May. Mr. Riegel is a member of Mahoning Lodge No. 394, Free and Accepted Masons of Niles, and of Niles Lodge No. 138, Knights of Pythias. MOSES THAMER KNAPPENBERGER, M. D., came to Warren early in 1917. His particular talents and skill as a surgeon were just beginning to be recognized and appreciated by the community when the World war broke out, and for nearly two years he was performing an arduous service in the medical department of the army, both in this country and abroad. Doctor Knappenberger was born at Jeannette, Pennsylvania, March 13, 1892, son of George W. and Annie E. (Sensenich) Knappenberger. His parents are natives of Pennsylvania and are still living in that state. Doctor Knappenberger graduated from the Jeannette High School in 191i and took his medical work in the Ohio State University, graduating with the class of 1915. For one year, June 1, 1915, to June I, 1916, he was an interne at the Medical and Surgical Hospital at Pittsburgh. From June 1, 1916, to January 1, 1917, he was a student of surgery in the New York Post-Graduate School and Polyclinic. On leaving New York he came to Warren and entered the practice of surgery. He enlisted in the Medical Reserve Corps May 5, 1917, and on the 1st of September was ordered to report for duty at Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia. At that time he had a commission as first lieutenant. After two months of intensive training at Fort Oglethorpe he was ordered to Hoboken, New Jersey, and two weeks later went on board the U. S. S. Iroquois, crossing to St. Nazaire, France. He was on duty there until February 5, 1918, when ordered to return to the United States with an assignment for duty on the staff of the surgeon general of the army. Arriving in New York City, February 22, 1918, he again sailed for France April 3rd for the purpose of making arrangements for the embarkation of sick and wounded at General Headquarters. April 17th, just two weeks later, he sailed from Bordeaux and reached Newport News April 27th. At that date he was transferred to the offices of the division surgeon. July nth he again sailed for France, on a mission similar to his previous one, and remained until November 9th, At that date he sailed for this country. In July, 1918, he was promoted to captain of the Medical Corps. On his last return he was appointed director of hospital trains, and given entire charge of the sick and wounded from the port of embarkation to the base and general hospitals over all the territory of the United States and possessions. He continued as director of hospital trains until June I, 1919, by which time practically all of the sick and wounded had been returned to the United States. His last duties were in the nature of an inspection tour of all the base and general hospitals in the United States, a trip requiring six weeks. During that time he was commissioned major of the Medical Corps. Doctor Knappenberger was honorably discharged July 1, 1919, and in his discharge was recommended for a commission as lieutenant colonel in the Medical Reserve Corps. Prior to his discharge he was recommended for a "distinguished service medal" based on services rendered in the transportation of sick and wounded. Doctor Knappenberger therefore made three round trips between this country and France, and especially distinguished himself in administrative work. Upon his release from the army in 1919 he returned to Warren and resumed practice. Since then he has been appointed chief medical examiner for the United States Public Health Service, and has professional oversight of all disabled soldiers, sailors and marines in his district whose injuries were received while in the army. Doctor Knappenberger is a member of the Trumbull County and Ohio State Medical societies, and is affiliated with Old Erie Lodge No. 3, Free and Accepted Masons, and with the Warren Lodge of Elks. LOUIS JOHN VOYER, secretary and general sales manager of the Ohio Corrugating Company of Warren, was born at West Hoboken, New Jersey, September 27, 1886, son of Louis C. and Barbara M. (Ehrhardt) Voyer. His paternal grandparents, Jean Louis and Uriane Voyer, were born and married in France and after coming to this country lived for a short time in Pennsylvania, afterward at Buffalo, New York, and finally at Washington City, where Jean Louis Voyer was in Government service. He and his wife spent their last years at West Hoboken, New Jersey. Louis C. Voyer was born at Buffalo, New York, in 1856, and for many years was engaged in business in New York City as an importer of ostrich feathers and plumes. He and his wife are now living at Warren. His wife was born in New York City in 1861 and her father, John L. Ehrhardt, was a native of Germany. Louis John Voyer graduated from the West Hoboken High School in 1903. His business career began in the same year as an employe of the sales department of the American Sheet and Tin Plate Company of New York City. He was sent to Pittsburgh by that corporation for about one year, and later for twelve years was with the same company in the Philadelphia offices. On January 1, 1918, Mr. Voyer became general manager of sales for the Liberty Steel Company at Warren, Ohio. This company was absorbed by the Trumbull Steel Company in June, 1919, and at that time Mr. Voyer joined the Ohio Corrugating Company as secretary and general manager of sales. Mr. Voyer is a member of the American Iron and Steel Institute, the Manufacturers Club of Phila- YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 331 delphia, and the Trumbull Country Club of Warren. He is a member of St. Mary's Church and of the Knights of Columbus. June 22, 1910, he married Anna J. Matanle, of Pittsburgh, daughter of Thomas and Eleanor (Cowling) Matanle. Her father was a contractor at Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, and after his death his family removed to Pittsburgh. Mr. and Mrs. Voyer have three children: Louis Matanle, Barbara Eleanor and Jeannette Anna. BRUCE S. MATTHEWS. It will be appropriate in 1922 for the Matthews family, a prominent relationship in the Mahoning Valley, to celebrate the centennial anniversary of the family settlement here. Two active members of the family are Bruce S. and Charles W. Matthews, who for over forty years have been closely associated as partners in their business enterprise as farmers. The Matthews home is three miles south of the courthouse in Youngstown. The grandparents of these brothers were Thomas and Jane (McClurg) Matthews, natives of County Down, Ireland. Thomas Matthews was a stone mason by trade. In 1813 with his wife and one child he embarked on a sailing vessel, and six weeks later landed at New York. He worked at his trade about a year in Pittsburgh and then at other points in Western Pennsylvania until 1822, when he came to Poland. He was a man of unusual skill in his line, and not only a splendid workman but could direct others. One example of his workmanship in Mahoning County stood the test of more than eighty years. This was the abutments of the old Poland bridge, which were not torn away until about 1904. Thomas Matthews died at Poland at the age of eighty years, and his widow subsequently removed to Sheakleyville, Pennsylvania, and died also in advanced years. Their oldest child, Ann Jane, became the wife of John Wishard, who spent the greater part of his life in Mahoning County, and finally removed to Iowa, where he died. The children of Thomas and Jane Matthews born in this country were Thomas, William, Richard and Nancy. William removed to Iowa after the war and died there. Richard died near Sheakleyville, Pennsylvania, about twenty years ago. Nancy became the wife of Joel Smith and died about forty years ago. The only member of the family who remained in Poland was Thomas Matthews, Jr., who was born at Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania, August 17, 1813, and was about nine years of age when the family settled at Poland. His father dying several years later he went to live with Richard Hall, who showed his confidence in the boy by givrng him the responsibility of taking a six-horse team and a load of clover seed from Poland to Buffalo, New York. He transacted his business promptly and efficiently, and remained on terms of trust with Mr. Hall until reaching his majority. He was married in 1841 and for a short time rented a farm in Poland Township, then in Trumbull County, and in 1844 bought the land now owned by his son from Doctor Wick. The chief improvement was a two-story hewed log cabin which had been erected in 1811, and it continued to be the home of the Matthews family until 1863, when they moved into the comfort of a commodious ten-room frame dwelling. Thomas Matthews earned a reputation as a hard working and upright farmer and citizen, and died at the old homestead June 2, 1883. His widow died November 21, 1896. Of their children the only two now living are Bruce and Charles. The others were William S.; Ellen Jane, who died April r, 1855; Ella Day, who died December 16, 1863; and Cora Cynthia, who died January 29, 1866. Of these Dr. William S. Matthews, who was born in 1843 and died at Youngstown May 9, 1888, was a successful Youngstown physician for many years, and made a brilliant record as a Union soldier. At the age of seventeen he volunteered in Company I of the Sixtieth Ohio Infantry, and for his personal bravery in risking his life with a companion to carry a wounded comrade out of range of the Confederate fire he was promoted from lieutenant to the rank of captain. The mother of these children was Cynthia Shannon, who was born in Youngstown Township April 18, 1824, and became the wife of Thomas Matthews on December 29, 1841. Her father, Maj. John Shannon, was a native of Ireland, and an early settler at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, and later at Youngstown. He served at Sandusky with the rank of major in the War of 1812. He was a hatter by trade, and died at Youngstown at the age of eighty- one. Mrs. Cynthia Matthews was the oldest of his children. James Shannon died at Girard at the age of eighty-six, William lived on a farm adjoining that of Governor Tod near Brier Hill. George Shannon moved to Iowa, was married there, went overland to Pikes Peak, Colorado, at the time of the mining excitement, and later went on to California and died at Fresno, January 25, 1902, at the age of seventy- three. T. J. Shannon was a distinguished army surgeon in the Army of the Potomac, entering the war from Youngstown, and on the morning of the battle at Cedar Creek was killed by Moseby's guerillas. John Shannon was a member of Company I of the Seventh Ohio Infantry and also died during the war. Martha Shannon became the wife of Parker G. Hines and lived at Pittsburgh, but died at Youngstown. Rachel was Mrs. Henry Beecher, and died at Ravenna, Ohio ; Harriet became the wife of William Taylor and died at Church Hill, Trumbull County. Ella died in girlhood. Bruce Shannon Matthews was born in the log house on the Matthews farm in Boardman Township, May 1846. His brother Charles Wick was born at the same home March 31, 1851. Both have found their life interests on the old farm and have been active partners since 1876. The farm is now reduced to the size of seventy-one acres. Twenty acres were sold and platted for residences as the Pleasant View Plat to Youngstown. As a boy at the old home Bruce S. Matthews recalls the heavy timber that covered much of the district, and he not only lived in a log house but went to a log cabin school, fitted up with all the furniture and equipment made familiar by repeated descriptions of pioneer schoolhouses. In the cold blasts of winter he and his schoolmates suffered frozen feet and other inconveniences from the poorly constructed building, but they probably enjoyed as good health as the boys and girls who attend the comfortable 332 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY buildings today. He also had duties at home, both around the house and barn and in the fields, and became interested in his father's special industry as a sheep grower. Bruce S. Matthews and his brother for many years ranked among the leading breeder of Delaine sheep in Eastern Ohio. Mr. Matthews exhibited 'his sheep in county fairs and other exhibits for many years. About seven years ago he had to practically abandon sheep growing, as a result of the ravages of dogs, and in the absence of a well conceived and enforced law against these enemies of the sheep men. The Matthews brothers have other business relationships with their community. Bruce is second vice president of the South Side Bank and the South Side Savings and Loan Bank and is a director in the National Bank at Canfield. Bruce Matthews has served as township trustee, and both brothers have been republican in their party affiliations, though they were ardent supporters of President Wilson for a second term and thoroughly approved his war administration. The family are members of Westminster Presbyterian Church. February 28, 1888, Bruce Matthews married Myrtle Harris. Mrs. Matthews has not only been a thorough home maker, but has interested herself beyond the average of women in civic and public problems, and is a keen student and thinker in modern day affairs. She was born on her father's farm in Boardman Township, daughter of Hamilton and Candace (McFarlin) Harris, of an old Coitsville family. Hamilton Harris was a son of Nehemiah Harris, who married Anna McGuffey, a daughter of Alexander and Anna (Holmes) McGuffey. Alexander McGuffey was head of the prominent and interesting McGuffey family of Youngstown and the Mahoning Valley, and his oldest child was William H. McGuffey, compiler of the famous series of McGuffey school readers. The McGuffeys intermarried with many prominent families of the valley, and frequent references to the name are made in these pages. Hamilton Harris, a grandson of Alexander McGuffey, was born in Coitsville Township, July 11, 1833. His wife, Candace McFarlin, was born May 23, 1831, and died August 8, 1874, the mother of six children, three of whom died young. Those to reach mature years are Mrs. Matthews, William and Minnie. Mr. and Mrs. Matthews have one daughter, Jessie Harris, who was educated in the Boardman High School and is still at home. WILLIAM J. MORRIS, assistant treasurer of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, and one of the most highly respected men of Youngstown, has won his present position through persistence, merit and knowledge of his work. He was born at Hubbard, Ohio, July 12, 1881, and is the elder of two children born to the marriage of Nicodemus and Mary Ann (Jones) Morris, both of whom are natives of Wales. They came with their respective parents to the United States, and were later married at Coal- burg, Ohio. Nicodemus Morris was a coal miner for some years, but later went to Hubbard, Ohio, where he worked in the iron mills as a puddler until about 1882, when he and his wife came to Youngstown, where they are now living in retirement. William J. Morris was graduated from the Rayen High School of Youngstown, and for a year thereafter he worked first for the Commercial National Bank and then for the G. M. McKelvey Company, but from then on has been identified with the iron and steel industry, for he then entered the employ of the Republic Iron & Steel Company as night timekeeper at the Bessemer plant. Later he was made cost clerk in the district office of this corporation, and six months later promoted to be cost clerk in the general offices at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1905 he entered the employ of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company as cost clerk, was later made chief clerk of the accounting department, and since April, 1914, he has been assistant treasurer. On March 31, 1910, Mr. Morris was united in marriage with Miss Alice Troutman, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and they are the parents of one daughter, Barbara. Mr. Morris is a Council member of the York Rite of Masonry, and he also belongs to the Odd Fellows, the Youngstown Club and the Youngstown Country Club. The Westminster Presbyterian Church of Youngstown has in him an earnest member. Mr. Morris is a man who possesses the ability to stimulate men to wholehearted endeavor, and his department shows the effect of his influence. Having risen from the bottom, he understands the work and how much to expect of those under his charge, and so is able not only to secure excellent results for his corporation, but also how to safeguard the interests of his subordinates, by whom he is held in the highest esteem. Having spent much of his life at Youngstown, Mr. Morris is naturally a booster for it, and no movement of worth fails to secure his support if it has for its object a furtherance of the civic development. CHARLES H. DRISSEN. It was as an expert young Wisconsin dairy farmer that Charles H. Drissen was brought to the Mahoning Valley by the late Myron C. Wick. Under Mr. Drissen's skillful personal supervision the Wick Chestnut Hill farm maintained for a number of years one of the finest herds of Guernsey cattle in America. While Mr. Drissen is now a merchant at Coalburg, his interest is still in the dairy industry, and with his brother he operates one of the large dairy farms of Trumbull County. He was born at Kewaunee, Wisconsin, August 20, 1886, and became versed in the dairy industry in the famous Wisconsin district. He took special courses in animal husbandry and dairying at the University of Wisconsin, and planned to specialize as a veterinarian. He had charge of a stock breeding farm at Athens, Wisconsin, and first made the acquaintance of Myron C. Wick in selling stock from this farm to the Mahoning Valley capitalists. He also met Mr. Wick at the International Dairy Show in Chicago. Mr. Wick induced him to come to Ohio and take charge of the Wick stock for six months. That was in 1907. At the end of that time Mr. Wick again prevailed on him to remain, and he spent ten years and two months very profitably on the Chestnut Hill Farm. When he first drove out from Youngstown to the farm seven miles away he traveled through mud almost knee deep, but that same route is now YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 333 a fine improved modern highway. In a few months he had so earned the confidence of Mr. Wick as to be given full charge of the farm. He developed the Guernsey herd until it contained some of the very finest of the breed. One of the cows was carried about the country on the demonstration cars of the Erie Railroad. The Wick Guernseys were exhibited a the State Fair, the Columbus Corn Show and other expositions. Mr. Drissen had the management of about thirteen men who were employed on the farm. He introduced a system of records and efficient management in the Wick dairy. He early realized that the dairy was suffering from a deficiency of proper care and feeding. On the Ellendale Farm in Wisconsin he had helped develop and test some leading cows, and had all the qualifications for doing this work on the Wick estate. The results proved his skill and wisdom, since he brought several animals to a high degree of production, as shown by subsequent official tests. Besides making the Chestnut Hill Farm famous for its Guernseys Mr. Drissen also developed an orchard of sixty acres through its early stages, until for several years past it has been very productive. From $4,000 to $5,000 a year were expended on the orchard until it came into bearing. He also suprvised the tile drainage and other improvements, and when he left it the Chestnut Hill Farm was without doubt the finest country place in Trumbull County. It lies just one mile west of Coal- burg Village. Mr. Drissen remained on the farm for three years after the death of its proprietor, but in the meantime, in 1915, had become interested in a general store at Coalburg, and in association with his brother, L. J. Drissen, he also bought the Judge Kennedy farm of 144 acres near Coalburg. L. J. Drissen was also in Mr. Wick's employ for seven years, and is now the resident manager of the farm, while Charles Drissen gives his chief attention to the store at Coalburg and lives there. The farm specializes in dairying and maintains a herd of Guernsey pure bred and grades of about forty-five. Mr. Drissen now has one of the two stores that remain at Coalburg. In former years, when it was a center of coal production, there was a score of business houses, but most of the trade now comes from the employes of the New York Central Railway yards. Mr. Drissen married in November, 1913, Ann Shaffer, member of a well known family of Trumbull County. They have three children, Henry, Ruth and Edna. Mr. Drissen is also a member of the local school board. ROSCOE CARLTON MCBRIDE, the chemist for the Youngstown Foundry and Machine Shop, has for twenty years practiced his profession as a chemical engineer, and is a recognized expert in the chemistry of metals. Mr. McBride comes of a family of scholars and educators and was born at West Farmington in Trumbull County, July 12, 1875. His parents are Samuel S. and Ida (McKay) McBride, the former born in Butler County, Pennsylvania, in 1850 and the latter in Trumbull County in 1852. They are now living on a farm at West Farmington. Samuel S. McBride gained a notable place among, Ohio educators, was educated at Western Reserve Seminary at Farmington, and for thirty years was busy with the labors and responsibilities of the schoolroom. He taught in West Farmington Seminary, and in many high schools in Trumbull and Geauga counties and at Sullivan in Ashland County. Samuel McBride is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias and Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and he and his wife are devout Methodists. Roscoe Carlton McBride was also a student at the Western Reserve Seminary at Farmington, and for two years was a teacher. He then entered the Case School of Applied Science at Cleveland, and specialized in chemistry, graduating in 1899. Since then he has filled a number of responsible positions as a chemist, beginning with the Sharpeville Furnaces, then was chief chemist for Dickman & McKenzie at Chicago for two years, also with the firm of Crowell & Peck, and since that time his work has been in the Youngstown district of industries. While he has specialized in the chemical processes involved in general metal working, his studies and research have been particularly valuable in the making of chilled rolls. Mr. McBride is a member of the Youngstown Engineers Club and the American Society of Chemists. He is a republican, is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, and he and his family are members of the Richard Brown Memorial Methodist Church. In 1898 he married Miss Minnie Stroup, of West Farmington. Their son, Charles Andrew McBride, is a graduate of the Rayen High School, and has been specially trained in music. ALEXANDER BRUCE POWRIE. The City of Warren has among her substantial and progressive men a number who, by reason of the few years that they have resided here, are sometimes referred to by older residents as "new-comers." However, the city is fortunate in having as citizens these so-called "newcomers," for it is generally conceded that in their few years they have accomplished as much for the community as have many of the "old-timers." One of the "new-comers" is Alexander B. Powrie, former merchant and now an extensive owner of and successful operator in suburban real estate. He is a native of Scotland, born in the County of Perth, on March 26, 1868, the son of the late William and Catherine (Bruce) Powrie. After attending school until he was fourteen years of age, young Powrie served an apprenticeship of five years in a dry goods house at Coupar-Angus, Scotland, where he became thoroughly grounded in the details of that business and qualified as a salesman. In 1887 Mr. Powrie came to the United States and became a salesman in a large dry goods home in Pittsburgh. In 1897 he removed to Missouri and entered the dry goods business on his own account at Fulton. Two years later he engaged in the same business at Carrollton in the same state, continuing at the latter place for twelve years. Mr. Powrie returned to Pittsburgh in 1912, and in 1914 he located in Warren and opened a general merchandise store at 39 East Market Street, which he developed into a large and successful business. In 1920, however, in order to give all of his time to his other interests, Mr. Powrie sold his mercantile 334 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY business and has since been active in the handling of his own real estate. Mr. Powrie with others is the owner of about 300 acres of Warren suburban property, which he is now developing, and also owns 200 acres of the same kind of properly which he will develop within the next year or so. He also owns farms in both Columbiana and Ashtabula counties. Aside from real estate Mr. Powrie has other important business interests, among which may be mentioned the William Coale Development Company, a new Warren corporation. Mr. Powrie takes a keen interest in the civic and social affairs of Warren, and has been found always ready to respond to all calls made upon him in aid of movements inaugurated for the betterment of the welfare of the community, never, however, seeking political preference, yet never declining to give of his time to the city's affairs. Feeling his obligations to the community, he accepted appointment as a member of the City Board of Health, and served efficiently in 1918-1920, He is a member of the Board of Trade and is a member of the Westminster and Masonic clubs, of Carroll F. Clapp Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, and of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Powrie married Elizabeth Ritchie, who was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, and to their marriage have been born : Bruce, who was born in Fulton, Missouri, and William, Stuart, Elizabeth and Catherine, all of whom were born in Carrollton, Missouri. RICHARD GARLICK vice president and treasurer of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, was born at Youngstown on November 2, 1871, his parents being Henry M. and Sarah Stambaugh Ford Garlick. He attended the Youngstown public schools, Phillips Exeter Academy and Yale University, from the latter institution receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1893. On his return from college Mr. Garlick entered the works of the Lloyd Booth Company to secure a practical knowledge of manufacturing problems, and in 1898 became secretary of that company. He remained with that organization until 1901, when he was elected treasurer of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, which position he has occupied continuously until the present time. In addition to his unflagging interest in and service to this important corporation Mr. Garlick has found time to assist in the management and development of a number of other corporations which have had an important part in the industrial history of Youngstown and the Mahoning Valley. Among these corporations with which he is associated as a director are the First National and Dollar Banks, the Realty Trust Company, the United Engineering & Foundry Company, the Realty Security Company, the Republic Rubber Company, the Concrete Sand & Stone Company and others. Mr. Garlick has a wide reputation for excellent judgment in financial matters, and his unusually large experience in the handling of problems connected with the financing of large corporations has made his services highly valuable to the concerns with which he is connected. He is a member of the Youngstown Club, the Youngstown Country Club, the Yale and University Clubs of New York, the Duquesne Club and others. He is a republican in politics and a member of the First Presbyterian Church. On April 25, 1901, he was united in marriage to Mary Holmes Wells, of Youngstown. They reside in a handsome home on Logan Road. JESSE HAROLD HALL is in the fourth successive generation of the Halls in Hubbard Township, in every generation the name Jesse reappearing. The first Jesse Hall was one of the earliest settlers in Trumbull County, and the integrity of his life has been duplicated in successive generations. The Halls have always had a name for substantial worth and good citizenship. Jesse Harold Hall was born March 30, 1885, on the farm where his mother is still living, on the Youngstown-Sharon car line at Stop 34. As he grew to manhood he made the best possible use of the advantages in the sch00ls and at home ,and for four years worked at the carpenter's trade. Later he began working on the farm of David Tod. David Tod had been greatly annoyed by his inability to secure reliable chauffeurs. He had had unpleasant experiences with a number of drinkers and otherwise undependables. Finally a neighbor suggested that Mr. Tod had in his employ on the farm a young man whose steadiness and integrity were part of the family tradition in Trumbull County. Forthwith Jesse H. Hall was given all the instruction his apt mechanical mind required to operate a car, and became the family chauffeur. After the death of Mr. David Tod he was promoted to larger responsibilities as manager of the fine 320-acre farm and country estate a mile west of Hubbard. Here he is busily engaged supervising the general operations of the farm, breeding thoroughbred Jersey cattle and superintending the noted farm herd. This farm is noted for the high quality of its butter, sold to special customers. There are eight employes on the farm, one of them being a landscape gardener who looks after the greenhouses for Mrs. Tod. Mr. Hall lives in the old Stambaugh home, on a part of the Tod farm. At the age of twenty-five he married Nellie Corbett, daughter of John Corbett, a Youngstown gardener. They have two children, Margaret and Jesse, the latter being the fifth of the Jesse Halls in successive generations in Trumbull County. LLOYD B. KENNEDY. The name of Lloyd B. Kennedy has been identified with the banking and financial interests of the Mahoning Valley for a number of years and associated with the business ' affairs of the City of Warren for the past six years, and during the latter period his part in the growth and development of the community has given him a place among the leading men of this section of Ohio. Mr. Kennedy was born at Cortland (Fowler) Ohio, December 7, 1869, and is the son of C. C. and Alice (Kellogg) Kennedy. The Kennedy family is of Scotch-Irish descent. The great-grandfather, Samuel Kennedy, and his wife, Jane, removed from Berks County, Pennsylvania, to the Mahoning Valley in 1814 and settled in Howland Township, Trumbull County, where they reared a YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 335 family of five sons and four daughters, all of whom lived to mature age. C. C. Kennedy, father of Lloyd B., was born on the farm of William B. Kennedy in Bazetta Township, Trumbull County, on September 12, 1845. He spent his boyhood days on his father's farm, and after finishing his education he settled on a farm in the township where he was born. His wife, Alice (Kellogg) Kennedy, was born at Fowler on October 28, 1847, the daughter of E. V. and Lucy (Loomis) Kellogg. Lloyd B. Kennedy was reared at Cortland, Ohio, and received his educational training in that city and at Oberlin College and the college at Lebanon, Ohio. For the six subsequent years he was engaged in teaching in different schools in the Mahonmg Valley and at Warren, and then, in 1895, he entered upon his banking career as a bookkeeper of the First National Bank at Girard, Ohio. The next year he organized the Farmers Banking Company of West Farmington, Ohio, of which he was secretary and treasurer, and continued as such until 1900, in which year he became branch manager of the Cleveland Trust Company at Lakewood, Ohio, holding this responsible position until 1906, when he became cashier for the Rocky River Savings and Banking Company, located just outside of Cleveland, where he continued until 1915. In that year he came to Warren and organized the Peoples Saving Company, which was incorporated in the same year, and of which he became secretary. In April, 1918, the Warren Board of Trade organized the Warren Guaranteed Mortgage Company and Mr. Kennedy was chosen as its secretary, a position he has since held. Within a short time after the organization of the company the management of its affairs was virtually given to Mr. Kennedy, and to his ability is due the success the company has enjoyed. He is also vice president of the William Coale Development Company and is interested in the building and selling of homes. Fraternally Mr. Kennedy belongs to the Masons, Knights of Pythias and the Elks. The Methodist Episcopal Church holds his membership. Mr. Kennedy married Mary Hertzell, born at Girard, Ohio, a daughter of A. E. and Emeline (Karl) Hertzell, of Girard. Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy have the following children: A. Wayne, born at West Farmington, Ohio ; Helen M., Dorothy, and Edna, who were born at Cleveland, Ohio ; and Jack C., who was born at Warren. In all his operations Mr. Kennedy has displayed unusual ability and knowledge of the banking business. A sane and conservative man, he believes in weighing carefully each proposition before taking action, but once a decision is reached in carrying it through to a successful completion. Upright in every particular, he has inspired confidence and won devoted friends, and few men stand any higher in public esteem than he does among the citizens of the Mahoning Valley. WILLIAM A. WILLIAMS. There were few men, m ee , w o enjoyed a greater acquaintance or who were more popular in Trumbull County than the late William A. Williams, of Warren. As boy and man he lived in the Mahoning Valley, and for forty years he was closely identified with the history of the valley, and especially was he prominent in the civic and social affairs of the cities of Youngstown and Warren. Mr. Williams was born at Mt. Savage, Maryland, on December 28, 1856, and was the son of Thomas Williams, a native of South Wales, who removed his family from Maryland to Ohio in 1857, settling in Youngstown. He was a millright by trade and built many of the early mills of the Mahoning Valley, among them the old Richards Mill at Warren, William A. was a boy of one year when his parents came to Youngstown, so that practically his entire life was spent in the Mahoning Valley. He attended the public schools of Youngstown and at the age of thirteen he left school to go to work in the Youngstown Rolling Mills. He spent ten years in the mills, becoming an expert, skilled workman, and then gave up that work in 1879 to become a member of the Youngstown police force. In 1881 he became head of the police force, and continued to direct the department for seven years, when he resigned to go to Akron as manager of the Akron Iron Company. After having spent five years in Akron Mr. Williams removed to Warren and joined Owen D. Morgan in the manufacture of carriages and wagons under the firm name of Morgan and Williams, which business had been established by Mr. Morgan in 1889. In 1902 Mr. Williams was elected, on the republican ticket, as sheriff of Trumbull County, and was re-elected in 1904. At the expiration of his second term as sheriff he returned to active participation in the affairs of the firm of Morgan and Williams. The firm gave up the carriage and wagon business in 1916 to become sales agents and distributors of the Overland automobile in a territory embracing nine counties, and continued in that line with success until 1917, when both Mr. Morgan and Mr. Williams retired from all active business. In 1907 Mr. Williams, Mr. Morgan and others organized and incorporated the Warren Realty and Trust Company, of which Mr. Williams was president until his death. He was also a director in the Western Reserve National Bank, and had other important business interests. He was a member of First Presbyterian Church and of Old Erie Lodge No. 3 of Masons and of Warren Lodge of Elks. The Warren Daily Tribune, issue of March 20, 1917, gave the following estimate of Mr. Williams' worth as man and citizen, which was universally echoed by all who knew him: "Billy Williams was one of the most popular men that ever lived in Warren or Trumbull County. His acquaintance was large, and when men came to know him they became his friends and they so remained. He was genuine all the way through, bighearted and sincere, and his word was ever as good as his bond. His friends were real friends because he himself was a real friend. He worked hard in his younger days, and much material success was the result of his labors. Of late years he had more or less retired from active participation in business affairs, though he always kept in close touch with them. He was enjoying his rest, 336 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY and no man better deserved to enjoy it. He was never a shirker, and so long as there was need of work he worked. "Mr. Williams was a good citizen. He was public spirited and liberal always in the support of anything towards the upbuilding of the city and county. "He loved his home. In fact his home circle was a large part of his life, and his happiest moments were in the bosom of his family, with his wife and children about him. He loved life because he always saw the sunny side of life, and he loved to see others happy. He ever looked ahead with pleasure, and his life of optimism has left an influence upon others and upon the community that will long be felt." Mr. Williams was united in marriage at Youngstown with Elizabeth Griffith, who was born at Tallmadge, Summit County, Ohio, the daughter of Thomas and Mary (Bowen) Griffith, both natives of South Wales. Thomas Griffith removed from Tallmadge, where he was a farmer, to Youngstown, when his daughters were children. He became interested in real estate in the latter city, became well- known and highly esteemed, and the honor was paid him by the city of naming Thomas and Griffith streets for him. To Mr. and Mrs. Williams the following children were born, all of whom, with their mother, survive: Alfred August Williams was born in Youngstown April 22, 1882. He was educated in the Warren High School and in the Warren Business College and began his active business life as a bookkeeper for the firm of Morgan and Williams. Two years later, in order that he might gain practical knowledge, he began an apprenticeship in the firm's blacksmith shop, completing his three years as apprentice, then working in the same shop as journeyman for one year. He was then made secretary and treasurer and manager of the wholesale department. When the Warren Realty and Trust Company was organized he became secretary and treasurer of that corporation and has continued to hold that position. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the Western Reserve National Bank, also a member of the Board of Directors of the Warren Guaranteed Mortgage Company. He is a member of the Warren Board of Trade, Warren Rotary Club, Country Club and Buckeye Club. He is a member of First Presbyterian Church and a member of Old Erie Lodge of Masons No. 3, Warren Commandry No. 39, Knights Templar, and Al Koran Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, Cleveland. He is also a member of Warren Lodge of Elks No. 295. Howard C. Williams was born in Youngstown on September 13, 1887. He was educated in the grammar schools of Youngstown and Akron, and spent three years at the Warren High School, completing his student days with three years at Warren Business College. Leaving college, he spent five years in learning the plumbing trade with the Henderson Plumbing and Heating Company, and in 1916 he became sales manager for the Warren Realty and Trust Company, which position he was holding when the United States entered the World war. Entering the service in 1918, he was sent overseas in July as a member of the 308th Motor Supply Train, Eighty-third Division. He saw twenty-two months' service in France and England and on July 13, 1919, he returned to the United States. Following his discharge from the service he returned to Warren and resumed his position as sales manager for the Warren Realty and Trust Company. He is a member of Old Erie Lodge No. 3, Free and Accepted Masons and of Al Koran Temple. Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He is also a member of Warren Lodge of Elks No. 295 and of the Masonic, Elks, Country and Buckeye clubs, and of the American Legion. Lawrence V. Williams was born in Akron and was educated in the public schools. He entered the service in 1918, was assigned to the 308th Motor Supply Train, Eighty-third Division, sailed on June 13th and saw twenty-two months of service in France and England, returning to the United States in April, 1919. After his discharge from the service he resumed his duties as assistant secretary and assistant treasurer of the Warren Realty and Trust Company. Hettie Esther Williams was born in Youngstown and married Reid Jones, of Warren. They are the parents of one son, Reid Jones, Jr., and reside at Bedford, Ohio. Ethel Marie Williams was born in Youngstown and is with her mother. Annie Belle Williams was born in Warren and is with her mother. HENRY G. LYTLE, president, treasurer and general manager of the wholesale confectionery firm of Lytle-Wentz Manufacturing Company, is another illustration of the cosmopolitan character of Youngstown. He was born on a farm yet owned by members of his family in County Londonderry in the North of Ireland, April 7, 1871. While he is proud of his native land and special locality, there is no question as to his loyalty to the land of his adoption. He was reared in Ireland and there, according to the custom of the country, served a four years' apprenticeship, without remuneration, to a merchant. His parents, William and Margaret (Graham) Lytle, were farmers and resided in Ireland all of their lives. When he was twenty years old Henry G. Lytle, or as he is universally known, "Harry" G. Lytle, satisfied a longing by immigrating to the United States. In 1802 he began working in a wholesale candy store at McKeesport, Pennsylvania, and during the eight years he was thus employed he learned much of this business and the prevailing methods of conducting it. In Two the firm employing him established a branch at Youngstown, Ohio, and Mr. Lytle came here as its half owner and manager, and succeeded in developing it into a profitable enterprise. In 1904, with two of his associates, he founded the firm of Lytle, Morrow & Wentz, and started in a small, unpretentious way to do business. The members of the new firm worked hard and met with well-merited success, continually expanding and acquiring valuable real estate. Mr. Morrow died in 1915, and the interest in the wholesale business he had acquired was purchased by YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 337 Messrs. Lytle and Wentz, but they continued their real estate holdings under the old firm caption. In 1917 Messrs. Lytle and Wentz incorporated the wholesale business as the Lytle-Wentz Company, capitalized at $50,000, and this has become one of Youngstown's leading commercial houses. Mr. Lytle is a member of the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce and the Kiwanis Club. He is a Mason, having attained to the thirty-second degree, Scottish Rite, and is a Noble of the Mystic Shrine, and also a Knight of Pythias. In 1895 Mr. Lytle was united in marriage with Miss Kate B. Gregg, of Monongahela, Pennsylvania, and their only child, Margaret S., is the wife of F. Allen Hoover, and the mother of three children, namely: Kathryn, Harriet and Margaret. NAPOLEON B. HOLTON, living retired at Poland, is one of the interesting old timers whose recollections go back before Civil war times. He was born at Vienna, Ohio, March 5, 1835. His parents came from Camden, New York. The grandfather, Richard Holton, was a Revolutionary soldier. The father also bore the name of Richard, was an expert Yankee mechanic, was foreman in a clock factory at Vienna, and in the early days of railroad construction helped lay a strap iron railroad in Michigan. On his return to Ohio he settled in Poland, subsequently moving to Niles, where he died. Of six sons four are still living: George, of Wisconsin; Charles, of Niles ; Napoleon B., of Poland, and James, whose home is at Ashland, Wisconsin. These four brothers were all soldiers in the Civil war. George and Napoleon enlisted at the very beginning, in Company E of the Twenty-Third Ohio Infantry. This company was raised at Poland, and one of the enlisted men was William McKinley, who, however, was transferred to another organization. The first captain was W. A. Zimmerman, William Rice was first lieutenant, and John Botsford, second lieutenant. The company was consolidated with the Twelfth Ohio Regiment, and Napoleon B. Holton saw three years and twenty-two days of service. His brother George continued until the end of the war and rose to the rank of lieutenant. Napoleon B. Bolton was promoted to sergeant, and for two and a half years was color bearer and marched at the head of his company. He is now the only surviving member of old Company E left at Poland. He never had more than a scratch, though his brother George was wounded five or six times. The old colors which he carried for over two years are now preserved with other battle flags in the Capitol Building at Columbus. Mr. Holton has attended many reunions of the Grand Army of the Republic. His home post, Hawkins Post at Poland, now has its membership so reduced that the charter has been given up. For many years Mr. Holton worked as a carpenter and bridge builder and was with the Morse Bridge Company for a number of years. He has never been in politics. His home is on the corner opposite the old Poland Union Seminary. In 1860, at the age of twenty-five, he married Samantha Eakin, of Poland. They had three children: Cora C., who married Joseph Deemer and died in New York; Frank R., an express messenger with the Northern Pacific Railway; and C. Ed, with the Wabash Railroad. JAMES M. LLOYD. During the past thirty years James M. Lloyd has had almost every possible experience as a skilled and unskilled worker, executive and operating official in the steel and iron industry. He has been employed in a number of the great works of Western Pennsylvania and Eastern Ohio and at present is general superintendent of the Lowellville plant of the Sharon Steel Hoop Company. Mr. Lloyd was born at West Elizabeth in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, October 4, 1867, son of Eleazer and Ann (Van Devander) Lloyd. His parents were also natives of Pennsylvania, and his father spent his active life as a farmer. He was also in the Civil war as a soldier in the Thirty- Fifth Pennsylvania, and fought at Bull Run, Antietam, Gettysburg and other great battles. The first fifteen years of his life James M. Lloyd spent on the homestead farm, and after that until twenty-one worked in coal mines. He had a high school education. In 1890 he entered the Homestead Works of the Carnegie Company, and there and in other steel mills acquired by practical experience every detail of the industry, and has filled practically every position in open hearth and in blooming mills. For eight years he was assistant superintendent for the Jones & Laughlin Steel Company over all their departments. He entered the service of the Sharon Steel Hoop Company on September 1, 1917, first in charge of the bar and blooming mills at Sharon, and since 1919 as general superintendent of the Lowellville plant. Mr. Lloyd is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is active in Masonry, being a member of the Lodge at Sharon and at Pittsburgh is a member of the Knights Templar Commandery, Scottish Rite Consistory and Mystic Shrine. August 5, 1890, he married Miss Christina A. Farrer of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. They have three children: Charles H., Clarence E. and Mildred Marion. Charles H. is at this writing in the shipping department of the plate mills of the Carnegie Steel Company at Homestead, Pennsylvania. Clarence is engaged in the employment office of the Sharon Steel Hoop Company. Lowellville Works. Mr. Lloyd has never taken an active part in politics. WILLIAM S. MATTHEWS, M. D. For many years the late Doctor Matthews commanded an exceedingly large practice and enjoyed a prestige as one of the ablest physicians and surgeons of Youngstown. He was born at Poland, October 30, 1843, son of Thomas and Cynthia (Shannon) Matthews. His father was brought to this country as a child from Ireland, while his mother was born in Iowa. Thomas Matthews was a farmer in Boardman Township, the old farm being still owned by his sons, Bruce and Charles. William S. Matthews grew up on that farm. His uncle, Dr. Jefferson Shannon, was an army surgeon in Virginia during the early months of the war. Doctor Shannon owned a favorite horse in Ohio and commissioned young Matthews to ride the animal to 338 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY Virginia. The boy gladly complied with the request and the more so because he hoped that he might be able to remain with his uncle. However, he was immediately sent back after executing his commission, though this only fortified his resolution to get into the army. As soon as possible he enlisted in Company I of the Sixtieth Ohio Infantry, going in as a private and coming out with the rank of captain. When a first lieutenant he went between the lines under fire from both sides, and carried a wounded comrade to safety. For this he was brevetted a Captain by President Lincoln for his conspicuous gallantry before Petersburg. His uncle while caring for wounded on that field was shot down in cold blood, and his body was subsequently recovered and buried at Oak Hill in Youngstown. Doctor Matthews always kept up an active interest in his old comrades and attended many of the reunions .of Tod Post. He completed his literary education in the Poland Union Seminary and later married one of his classmates, the daughter of the distinguished founder of that institution. After returning from.the army he began the study of medicine in the office of Doctor Truesdale at Poland, took his first course of lectures at the University of Michigan, also studied with Doctor Fowler, and in 1868 graduated from Western Reserve Medical College at Cleveland. He then became associated in practice with Doctor Fowler, and a deep friendship existed between these two for many years. Doctor Matthews was a Youngstown physrcian, and he had the first two patients in the City Hospital before the building was completed. He was for many years actively identified with the management of the hospital. He was a member of the county and other medical societies, and physicians many times showed their complete confidence in his superior judgment. He continued practice until 1888, after which he practically retired. Doctor Matthews was a thirty-second degree Mason and a member of the First Presbyterian Church. February 3, 1870, he married Jessie Lee, a native of Poland and a daughter of B. F. Lee, whose career as a distinguished educator has been sketched else. where. Mrs. Matthews for the past five years has lived at her old home at Poland, and occupies a portion of he Lee property opposite the old seminary. She has always been very active in church and literary clubs. She is the mother of two children. Her daughter Grace lives at home. The son, Frederick L. Matthews, was educated in Rayen High School and Williams College, for a time was in the New York offrce of the Republic Iron & Steel Company, and since then has been a very successful insurance man and is now in business in Chicago. He married Annette Paley, of Beloit, Wisconsin, and has two children, Annette and Frederick L. L. J. CAMPBELL president of the Electric Alloy Steel Company, is among the most prominent and active of the younger executives in various enterprises in Youngstown. He was born in Youngstown on May 24, 1885, his parents being James A. and Uretta (Place) Campbell. He attended Rayen High School, the Lawrenceville (N. J.) Preparatory School and Wooster University, matriculating at Yale University in 1906, and graduating from that institution in 1910. Prior to his entrance at Yale he spent about four years in the mills of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, acquiring a practical knowledge of the manufacture of steel. After his college course was completed he entered the general offices of the corporation named and filled various positions, including assistant to the president, and later vice president, and also that of president of the 'Western Conduit Company, a subsidiary corporation, acquiring a wide knowledge of the problems of management. In 1916, when it appeared that this country might become involved in a war with Germany, Mr. Campbell volunteered for service in the military arm. He had attended the officers' training camp at Plattsburg and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Officers' Reserve Corps. May I, 1917, he was ordered to active duty at Fort Benjamin Harrison as an instructor at the first officers' training camp established after the opening of the war. June 5th of that year he was promoted to the rank of major of infantry. October I, 1917, he was ordered to Camp Sherman and given command of a battalion of light field artillery, and a month later detailed to Fort Sill, Oklahoma, for special instruction as an artillery officer. After completing this course with credit Mr. Campbell was placed in command of a 'battalion of field artillery, in which capacity he served until February 22, 1918. On that date he received orders to go to France, being at the same time appointed adjutant of the One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Infantry Brigade, going abroad with this brigade a few days later. Arriving in France with the brigade mentioned, he was almost immediately transferred to the artillery service, in which he had been specially trained, at the same time going from staff service to active service in the field with the 309th Field Artillery, of which he was made lieutenant colonel on October 7, 1918, after this regiment had made a gallant record in the Argonne. On January 8, 1919, at his urgent request, Lieutenant Colonel Campbell was relieved from duty and ordered home; but before embarking was recalled and placed in command of the Fifty- third Coast Artillery Corps Regiment. He remained in France about two months in this capacity and was finally discharged from the service at Camp Mead, Maryland, March 13, 1919, after having served almost two years, and attained promotions which place him in the position of ranking officer in the military records of the Mahoning Valley during the great war. During his service in France Lieutenant Colonel Campbell participated in all of the operations of the First American Army, being in the first and second battles in which the St. Mihiel salient was cleared, and participating actively in the Argonne drive and the subsequent operations on the Meuse. He was on the firing line with his regiment when the armistice was declared. Mr. Campbell resigned his position as vice president of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company early in 1920 to organize the Electric Alloy Sleel Company. In addition to being head of this enterprise, he is also widely interested in industry and business, being vice president of the Youngstown YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 339 Ice Company, and a director of the Commercial National Bank, the Crystal Ice & Storage Company, the Youngstown Steel Car Company, the Mahoning Valley Mortgage Company and the Continental Supply Company. He is a member of the Youngstown Club, the Youngstown Country Club, a number of the college fraternities and other similar organizations. On September 15, 1914, Mr. Campbell was married to Cordelia Campbell, and they have two children, Uretta Place and Louise. OSWALD DETCHON. The late Oswald Detchon was one of the substantial men of Mahoning County, and owned one of the most valuable farms in Boardman Township. He was born on what is now the Frederick farm, one-half mile east of his homestead. His grandfather came to Mahoning County from England about 1800 and located on the farm which was the birthplace of Oswald Detchon. His children were as follows: William, John, George, Thomas, Elijah, Oswald, Solomon and Nancy. One of these sons, Elijah, became the father of Oswald Detchon, whose name heads this review. Elijah Detchon married Elizabeth Kentner, and they became the parents of the following children: Oswald; Noble; Jesse; Belinda, who is Mrs. Joseph Williamson, of Youngstown; Rebecca Ann, who married Eli Osborne, is deceased, as is her husband; and Martha, who married Atchison Whaley, now living retired at St. Louis, Missouri. The birth of Oswald Detchon took place on January 18, 1837, and his death, on November 9, 1910. On September 19, 1865, he was married to Sarah S. Squire, a daughter of James and Lovean (Whitten) Squire, natives of New Castle, Pennsylvania, and Trumbull County, Ohio, respectively. Both died in the same week, in 1850, aged twenty-nine and twenty- eight years, respectively, and their little daughter was taken and reared by her aunt, Mrs. Nathaniel Brown, of New Castle, Pennsylvania. She was twenty years old at the time of her marriage. After his marriage Oswald Detchon worked the family homestead for four years, and then bought the land on which a cannery stood and conducted it. The Interurban Station at Boardman Center is on the old farm land. Oswald Detchon was well known as a stockbreeder and dealer, and exhibited at the county fairs. He enjoyed good horses and handled them. The interurban passed through his farm while he was still alive, and since his demise the family donated the land for a boulevard which runs parallel to the car line. A democrat, Mr. Detchon served his township as clerk and assessor. The Methodist Episcopal Church had in him a faithful member, he belonging to the congregation at Boardman Center. For years he was a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. Mr. and Mrs. Detchon became the parents of the following children: Mae, who is Mrs. Charles Meek, lives at Boardman Center, and her mother is a member of her household, as well as a girl named Frances, whom she and her husband adopted when three years of age; James B., who lives at Youngstown, married Bessie McKinney, and they have two children, Randall Oswald and Carl Alfred; Paul Clifford, who lives at Orion, Michigan, married Frances Arrel, and they have five children, William, John, Jane, Frances and Mary Rachel; Aubrey, who is a veterinary surgeon of Canfield, married Verona Brickley, and they have two children, Walter and Ruth ; and Bird, who married Andrew Black, of Poland, has five children, Chester, Frederick, Dudley, Donald and Robert Bruce. A man of upright life and high ideal:, Oswald Detchon set an excellent example while living, and, dying, left behind him a record of which his family may well be proud. Such men as he give a solidity to a community and raise standards of morality not easily overthrown. C. M. L. ALTDOERFFER, whose home is at Boardman Center, has given his life to school work, and has had an important share in the educational progress of the Mahoning Valley for a number of years. His chief work has been done at Youngstown, where he is now supervising principal of the Garfield School. The records of the family go back nearly two centuries in America. Frederick J. Altdoerffer immigrated from Baden, Germany, reaching Philadelphia in 1732. That date and fact have been verified by Professor L. B. Altdoerffer of Cleveland, who has examined the old passenger list of the ship on which he came across. Frederick Altdoerffer located at Woodstock in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, and some of his descendants are still living there. In looking up the family record L. B. Altdoerffer visited the old homestead of his ancestor in Virginia. A direct descendant of this Virginia colonial was John Altdoerffer, who in 1809 came to Ohio. Some of his writings are still in the possession of his descendants, including a receipt for $300, his share in the Virginia estate. This receipt is kept by C. M. L. Altdoerffer. The writings show that John Altdoerffer was an excellent penman, and other evidence indicates that he was a man of unusual education and character. Mr. Altdoerffer also has the old deed signed by Thomas Jefferson, President, and James Madison, secretary of state, giving title to the land settled on by John Altdoerffer four miles southeast of Columbiana. It was on this old homestead that C. M. L. Altdoerffer was born October 6, 1860. He was next to the youngest of the eighteen children of his father, three of whom died in infancy and fifteen reaching mature years. His father was Samuel Altdoerffer, who was born April 10, 1810, shortly after the family came to Ohio, and the youngest of eight children. The original pioneer, John Altdoerffer, died on the old homestead at the age of seventy-six, having been born in 1764. The first court held in Columbiana County was on the Elias Lower farm in a barn that had been recently erected, and just south of that farm was the Altdoerffer place. The old homestead descended to Samuel Altdoerffer, who spent his life there, and became widely known over Eastern Ohio as a stock breeder. He died in 1870. He was three times married. His third wife, whom he married in 1850, was Elizabeth Thomas, at that time the widow of Henry Lyon. Henry and Elizabeth Lyon were the parents of three children who should be briefly mentioned here: Josephine, living near Clarkson, Ohio, widow of John Hastings; Marcena Lyon, who 340 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHUNING VALLEY lived at New Waterford, and who was the father of five sons, one of whom is Arthur M. Lyon, the prominent real estate man at Struthers, in whose honor was named the branch postoffice of Lyon known as Amlyon ; and Osborn, a retired carpenter and farmer at Leetonia, Ohio. Further reference to members of the Lyon family will be found on other pages of this publication. Mrs. Elizabeth (Thomas) Altdoerffer is one of the remarkable women of Eastern Ohio. She was born in Columbiana County, July 27, 1823. After the death of Samuel Altdoerffer the old farm was sold, and she is now living near Clarkson, north of East Liverpool. She persists in living at her own home, doing her own work, though greatly devoted to her children and descendants. When she celebrated her ninety-sixth birthday in 1919, seven of her own children were present on the happy occasion, being accompanied by their children and grandchildren. Family reunions are held on this birthday anniversary. By her marriage to Samuel Altdoerffer she had six children. Her step sons, Henry, John and William, were all Civil war soldiers, enlisting at Canfield. William and John, twins, were in the same company and both were captured at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, but were exchanged. John later became a prominent railroad man, a conductor on the Pennsylvania Lines west of Pittsburgh. He possessed oratorical gifts, and during the McKinley campaign in 1896 was given a vacation on pay in order to campaign for the Ohio statesman among railroad men. Five of the children of Mrs. Elizabeth Altdoerffer became teachers. The oldest son became an attorney in Kansas, but died at Wabash, Indiana, where he had studied law and taught school. L. B. Altdoerffer, mentioned above, is a teacher of chemistry in the Cleveland West High School, having received the degree of Ph. D. at the University of Wooster, Ohio. Two daughters, Margaret and Dora, were country teachers and are now married. C. M. L. Altdoerffer acquired his early education in the country district school and the Lisbon High School and received his A. B. degree from the Northeast Ohio Normal School at Canfield. He had previously taught for three years in the districts of Columbiana County. For one year after leaving college he was at Fairview, Pennsylvania, and in 1888 became principal of the Canfield Village school. In 1893 he went to North Lima and organized a graded school and established a township high school, now a first grade centralized township school and high school. He was at North Lima four years and in 1897 became connected with the sch00l system of Youngstown, beginning as principal of the Brier Hill School, then greatly overcrowded, with nearly 500 pupils and a staff of eleven teachers. Three years later he was transferred as principal of the Wood Street School, which had about ten teachers. He was there three years and Doctor Chaney then gave him double duty, making him also principal of the Front Street School, which had twelve teachers and over b00 pupils drawn from all the nationalities found in Youngstown. These heavy duties Mr. Altdoerffer carried for six years, and in 1909, when the new Garfield Building on the south side was opened, he became principal, and now has the duties of supervising principal of the Garfield, the South Avenue, the Pleasant Grove, the Cochran Park and the Flint Hill schools. Under his direct supervision are thirty-seven teachers, and about 1,400 pupils. A factor in the Youngstown school system for twenty-three years, Mr. Altdoerffer has steadily lent his influence to educational progress and has seen the local schools modified and equipped with new standards of efficiency. All the work of manual training and domestic science has been introduced since he came to Youngstown. He has served on the executive committee and was president of county institute work, and has been active in city institutes and also in the sessions of the state and national educational bodies. Mr. Altdoerffer took a special course in principals of education at the Harvard University summer school. The only principals with a record of longer service in Youngstown than Mr. Altdoerffer are Mr. Bulla, of the Market Street School, who began his work as principal in 1885, Mr. Tylee of the West Side School, and Mr. Alloway of the Haselton School. Mr. Altdoerffer has served as secretary of the Mahoning County Sunday School organization for three years. In 1885 he married Miss Tillie L. Deringer, of Columbiana County. Their oldest child, Edson, died at the age of nineteen as the result of an accident, The daughter Ora is the wife of E. R. Joshua, connected with the Pittsburgh Coal Company. The Joshua home is next door to that of Mr. Altdoerffer, Mr. and Mrs. Joshua have two children, Frances and Edward R., Jr. The only living son is John Allan, who graduated from the South High School in 1917, worked for the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company for a time, was in the Student Army Training Corps at Oberlin, and is now a student in the Ohio State University . The youngest child is Mary Elizabeth, who graduated from the South High School in 1919 and is now in the offrce of the Republic Iron and Steel Company. Like professional men of old Mr. Altdoerffer takes great delight in his country home, his gardens, orchards and shrubbery and spends much of his time and vacations in caring for the same. He has one of the most delightful homes in Boardman Township, and it shows everywhere, his loving care and attention. He has always been a great lover of music and was a bandmaster for about thirty-six years, and still plays the barytone instrument. He has always taken great interest in local, state, national, civic and political questions, especially in good citizenship, Americanization, prohibition and women's suffrage. While he has never aspired to political office, yet he feels he has been a consistent republican: He is a member of the First Presbyterian Church at Youngstown. RICHARD JONES JR., lawyer, lawyer, general counsel for and secretary of the Republic Iron & Steel Company, is one of the most prominent men of his profession in Mahoning County, and widely known all over the state as a corporation lawyer of exceptional ability. He was born at Columbus, Ohio, November 3, 1868, a son of David and Eliza (White) Jones, and grandson of Richard Jones. Richard Jones, Sr., was born in Wales and came to the United States in 1825, when sixteen years of age, and for sixty years was actively engaged in the YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 341 handling of real estate. He was thrifty and accumulated a large fortune. David Jones was born at Columbus, Ohio. in 1843, and was there engaged in the wholesale drug business. He served the Union cause a short time during the war between the states, and is now living retired at Columbus, Ohio. He and his wife had four children born to them, of whom two are now living. Growing up at Columbus, Ohio, Richard Jones, Jr., attended its schools and the Media, Pennsylvania Preparatory School, and then matriculated at Harvard University, from which he was graduated with honors in 1890, and the degree of Bachelor of Arts. During this time he also took law courses in the Harvard Law School, and in 1892 was admitted to the bar. Returning home, he entered upon a general practice at Columbus with Albert Lee Thurman, a grandson of United States Senator A. G. Thurman. In 1899 Mr. Jones went to Chicago, Illinois, to fill a position in the legal department of the Republic Iron & Steel Company, and lived there for seven years, and then went with the company to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, at the time the general offices were transferred to that city. In 1911 he became a resident of Youngstown, at the time of the location in this city of the general offices of the company, which has had the benefit of his services since its organization, and of which he is now general counsel. For five years he was the legal representative of all of the iron and steel corporations in the Mahoning and Shenango Valleys against the railroads in rate litigation, and during that period were tried some of the most important cases ever passed upon in such matters. Mr. Jones belongs to the University and Harvard Clubs of New York, the Harvard Club of Boston, the Youngstown Club, the Youngstown Country Club, and is vice president of the Associated Harvard Clubs of America, and is held in the highest esteem by his fellow members. He is a very strong republican. On November 7, 1894, Mr. Jones was united in marriage with Miss Elsie Sinks, of Columbus, Ohio, a daughter of George W. Sinks, president of the Deshler National Bank. Mr. and Mrs. Jones have two sons, George Sinks and Richard III. The elder of these boys has the rank of second lieutenant as the result of his service in the Marine Corps during the World war. The younger son is preparing at an eastern school for Harvard University. JOHN H. WARNE maintains his residence in the attractive Village of Boardman Center, Mahoning County, but has his business headquarters in the City of Youngstown, where he is assistant general manager of the W. B. Pollock Company, of which adequate description is given on other pages, in connection with the sketch of the career of its general manager, C. W. McClure. Mr. Warne claims the old Keystone State as the place of his nativity, his birth having occurred at Edinburg, Pennsylvania, July 5, 1880. He was reared at Thorn Hill in Coitsville Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, where his parents still maintain their home, the village being just outside the corporate limits of Youngstown and constituting one of the attractive residential suburbs of that city. He whose name initiates this review is a son of William H. and Elizabeth A. Warne, and the father is in the employ of the United Engineering & Foundry Company at Youngstown. John H. Warne garned hrs preliminary education in the village schools at Thorn Hill, later was graduated in the Oak Street School in the City of Youngstown, and thereafter he completed a course in a business college. After leaving school he was for one year employed in the general merchandise store of Guess & McNab at Youngstown, and he next entered the employ of the W. B. Pollock Company, in 1899. Beginning his service in the capacity of stenographer in the offices of this company, by efficiency and fidelity he won promotion to the position of purchasing agent, and since 1916 has held the important post of assistant general manager, to which office he was promoted in December of that year. He is one of the vital and popular young business men of the metropolis and judicial center of Mahoning County, and is an active member of the Youngstown Club and the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce, in which latter he takes special interest and gives effective service in the promotion of its advanced civic and commercial policies. At Boardman Center he maintains his home in the modern and attractive cement house which he erected in 1917. This pleasant and hospitable suburban home is situated on the main road from Youngstown to Boardman Center, and as this is a fine brick road and Mr. Warne uses the automobile as a medium of transportation, he finds the daily drive to and from Youngstown; miles, a source of pleasure, as well as a means of health preservation. His is one of the finest homes in a district that is fast becoming one of the most attractive of the residential suburbs of Youngstown. In 1911 was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Warne to Miss Bertha E. Drew, daughter of the late John Drew, of Youngstown. Mrs. Warne was educated at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, is a young woman of most gracious personality and is the popular chatelame of the pleasant home, which is a center of much social activity. Mr. and Mrs. Warne have no children. HOMER THOMAS is member of a family that has been identified with the industrial affairs in and around Niles for many years. He was a sheet mill worker and one of the skilled men of his trade, but some years ago his qualifications were given recognition by his election as city auditor of Niles, and he has held that post and faithfully discharged its duties for ten years. Mr. Thomas was born at Niles July 8, 1873, son of Thomas and Mary (Rosser) Thomas. His father was a native of Wales, was brought to Ohio at the age of eight years, and grew up at Pomeroy. He left that community as a youth to enlist in the Union Army at the beginning of the Civil war. He saw nearly five years of service, and was a participant in many of the historic battles of the great struggle. After leaving the army he located at Niles, and for ten years served as engineer with the fire department. After that he was an engineer at 342 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY the Falcon plant until his death in 1905, at the age of sixty-four. At one time he also served as a member of the Waterworks Board, and in all the relations of his busy life he measured up to the best standards of citizenship. His wife was born at Centerville, Ohio, and died in 1901, at the age of fifty-three. Both were active Methodists. In their family of eight children, six are still living: Hattie, wife of William Francis, of Niles; Minnie, widow of George Skelley; Homer ; Ida, wife of Ed Hilderbrand, night superintendent of the Sheet and Tube Plant at Youngstown; David, a Youngstown grocer ; and Howard, a sheet mill worker in Niles. Homer Thomas attended the public schools of Niles, and after leaving school found employment in the Russia plant. He was one of the skillful men in the sheet metal department of the Falcon and Brier Hill plant until chosen to the office which he now holds in the city government. Mr. Thomas is a republican, is a member of the Methodist Church, and fraternally is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Knights of the Golden Eagle and Protective Home Circle. In 1903 he married Margaret Hutchings, daughter of J. R. Hutchings of Niles. Their children, all attending school, are Walter, Paul and Margaret. GIBBON CONWAY SHACKLEFORD, consulting engineer of the Republic Iron & Steel  of the Republic Iron & Steel Company, and one of the experienced men of his profession, has been located at Youngstown since 1906. He was born near Charlottesville, Virginia, on December 28, 1869, a son of Dr. Robert Baylor and Mary (Barnes) Shackleford, both of whom are now deceased. They became the parents of six children. Gibbon Conway Shackleford was reared on the farm of his parents and attended a mechanical school giving special attention to engineering and mathematics. When in his eighteenth year he began lifels battle on his own responsibility as a clerk and tracer in the office of the engineer of the Atlantic Oil Refining Company at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He later worked as a draftsman for an architect in New York City for two years, and for another two years he was engaged in designing machinery and drafting at Cleveland, Ohio. For the ensuing seven years he was employed by the eminent engineer, Julien Kennedy, at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and then for three years was with Walter Kennedy, a brother of Julien Kennedy. Mr. Shackleford then became engineer for the Crucible Steel Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and held that position for three years. For a short time thereafter he was assistant to T. J. Bray, then chief engineer of the Republic Iron & Steel Company, and having charge of the Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Company. Since May 15, 1906, Mr. Shackleford has been connected with the Republic Iron & Steel Company, and in September of that year came to Youngstown as chief engineer. He was appointed consulting engineer in August, 1919, a position he now fills. Mr. Shackleford is a member of the Youngstown District of the Engineers' Society. On January 10, 1892, Mr. Shackleford was married to Elva Sweet, who died on June 22, 1905, leaving three children, namely: Dorothy May, the wife of Wheeler J. Welday, and they are the parents of two children, John Conway and Chapline Foch; Robert Charles, who married Carrie Prysi, and they have one child, Dorothy Virginia; and Elva Virginia. Mr. Shackleford was married to Miss Marguerite Cole on April i6, 1907. Mr. and Mrs. Shackleford are members of the Episcopal Church. They own a five-acre estate eight miles from the public square of Youngstown, and here Mr. Shackleford spends many happy hours gardening and enjoying the pleasures of rural life after the turmoil of the city. Here, surrounded by his loved ones, his greatest happiness is experienced. WILLIAM FRANCIS THOMAS recently rounded out a half century of business activity at Niles. A veteran in business affairs, his name has also been intimately associated with the public affairs of that community, and he is a former mayor and in many other ways has used his means and personal influence for the advancement of the city. Mr. Thomas was born in South Wales April 14, 1844, son of William and Annie (Williams) Thomas, who spent all their lives in the old country. His father was a carpenter and contractor. William Francis Thomas was a little past three years of age when his mother died, and he was seventeen when his father passed away. After the age of ten he never attended school, and was given a thorough training and apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade under his father. At the death of his father he did work as a journeyman carpenter, and in 1868 he established a home of his own by his marriage with Frances Hooper Adams. Mr. Thomas, accompanied by his wife and their oldest child, Annie E., came to the United States in February, 187o, and in August of that year located at Niles. While he worked a few months as a journeyman carpenter, he soon began taking contracts, and is the oldest man in that business in Niles, and no one has been more actively identified with the building program of the city than Mr. Thomas, He erected the Methodist Church, since burned, also the home of the present Methodist Church, and a number of other churches, school buildings and business blocks, including the old Dollar Savings Bank Building. Incident to his main business as a contractor Mr. Thomas organized the Niles Lumber Company, of which he is vice president. Mr. Thomas first became a member of the Niles City Council in 1877, and altogether gave a number of years to the city government in the council, while in 1903 he was elected mayor and re-elected in 1905, serving in that office nearly five years. A great deal of Niles' constructive progress as a city was achieved and influenced for good during Mr. Thomas' connection with the city government. At the close of his term of mayor, he was given a gold headed cane by his.friends after twenty-five years in faithful public service. He is a member of the Episcopal Church, and in politics a republican. Mr. Thomas has been an Odd Fellow fifty-seven years in Wales and represented his lodge in the Grand Lodge. He is also a member of the Masonic order and the Elks. He had the misfortune to lose his wife, March YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 343 10, 1913, after they had been married forty-five years. Their oldest child, Annie, died in 1893. The two younger children were William R., who died in 1916, and Frank H., who died in 191o. The only one now living is the second daughter, Helena A., widow of William B. Taylor. SAMUEL M. AUBEL one of the prominent men of Boardman Township, is profitably engaged in carrying on a general contracting business, and is located 4 1/2 miles south of the courthouse. He was born in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, on May 11, 1861, his family having located in Western Pennsylvania at the close of the Revolutionary war, going there from east of the mountains. The Revolutionary ancestor of Samuel M. Aubel was the father of Jacob Aubel, and he had the distinction of serving under General Washington. After his migration to Mercer County, Jacob Aubel spent his life in farming and died on his farm, his remains being interred at Saint John's, Delaware Township, that county. His son, Daniel Aubel, father of Samuel M. Aubel, was eight years old when location was made in Mercer County. After he reached manhood's estate he was married to Theresa Geerge, who was brought to Mercer County in childhood, Samuel M. Aubel was reared on his father's farm in Mercer County, and taught to be industrious and. thrifty. After he reached his majority he served a three years' apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade, receiving seventy-five cents per day, and his hours were not limited to eight. After completing his apprenticeship he worked at his trade for two years in some of the western states, and then in 1887 came to Mahoning County and located at Youngstown, and took work at his trade for ten years, but for more than twenty years he has been doing a general contracting business in all lines of buildings. Some eleven years ago he established his residence in Boardman Township, when he bought seven acres of land, but later sold it and bought his present property, which is 4 1/2 miles south of the courthouse. Mr. Aubel is a man who believes in giving his personal attention to his work, and is usually to he found on the job himself. He has had a number of contracts at Poland, including the Frank K. Ray and the Benjamin residences, while the Frank Lesher residence at Youngstown is another sample of his skill. Mr. Aubel is a Mason. When he was twenty-six years old Mr. Aubel was united in marriage with Nannie Reed, of Greenville, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, and they became the parents of the following children: Ora, who is a machinist in the Tod Machine Shops, married Essie McVey; Bessie, who took a business course, is a bookkeeper for a Youngstown concern; and Florence, who is attending a business college. Mr. Aubel has had no public service, for he has devoted all of his time and attention to his business, but he does take an intelligent interest in the progress of his community and is in favor of improvements, for he recognizes the fact that without them any neighborhood falls behind and that not only will no new people come into it, but that it cannot hope to hold its more progressive citizens. Personally Mr. Aubel has many warm, personal friends, and stands extremely well with all who know him. MARCELLUS W. ZEDAKER, The Zedakers were one of the prominent pioneer families to settle around Youngstown, and Marcellus W. Zedaker, a retired resident whose home is near Poland village, represents a fourth generation of the family in this valley. His grandfather, John Zedaker, came from Pennsylvania and was a soldier in the War of 1812. After coming to Ohio he married Elizabeth Phister, of Youngstown Township, and they began housekeeping on a hundred acres of timbered land, part of which is now included in the Cochran plat addition to Youngstown. John Zedaker was very active in the German Lutheran Church at Youngstown and is buried in the old churchyard. One of his sons, Absalom, served as a Union soldier during the Civil war, and died some years later unmarried. There were five daughters of the pioneer couple: Catherine, Caroline and Mary, none of whom ever married ;. Anna, who became the wife of Joseph Hiveley and moved to the vicinity of Bryan, Ohio ; and Charity, who married Henry Stanley and died at Newton Falls, some of her family now living at Bessemer, Pennsylvania. Jacob Zedaker, father of Marcellus W., was born on the old Zedaker farm in Boardman Township, four miles south of the courthouse, and remained in that one locality all his life. He owned a part of the homestead and died there at the age of seventy-four. He married Elizabeth Hahn, who survived him about twenty years and died in 1917 at the old home farm. They were the parents of a daughter and son, Almina and Marcellus W. These children still own a portion of the old Zedaker homestead. Almina is the widow of Harvey Machlin and lives at Pleasant Grove. Marcellus W. Zedaker was born on the old farm, a mile and a half from his present home, October 26, 1851, and grew up to a life of agricultural industry and has managed his affairs with singular prudence and success. He sold some of the land he inherited and about 1877 bought his present place, known as the Joseph Axtell farm in Poland Township, on the line between Poland and Boardman townships, and a mile north of Poland Village. He has 106 acres here. He also owned fifty-four acres adjoining, but part of this was sold and is now platted and divided for residence purposes, the car line passing through that land. Mr. Zedaker has made general farming his chief pursuit, and his farm is now operated by his son, who has made a successful business of raising hay. At the age of twenty-eight Mr. Zedaker married Martha Campbell, daughter of Peter and Mary (Renney) Campbell, of the prominent Campbell family of Youngstown District. Mr. and Mrs. Zedaker have two children. Louisa L. lives at the home on the Poland Township road, and owns land that is very desirable and eventually will be made available as a subdivision and addition to Struthers. The son, John C., who is the active manager of the Zedaker farm and has been operating it for the past eighteen years, married Madeline 344 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY McClure. They have six children, named Charlotte D'Arcy, John Campbell, Martha, Bettie McClure, Robert and Louisa. WILLIAM T. GIBSON. Year has been added to year and decade to decade since the first member of the Gibson family, represented today by the subject of this sketch, first came to the present site of Youngstown, with which five successive generations of the family have been identified. At that early date this section of the state was largely an undeveloped region, awaiting the awakening touch of the sturdy pioneers to transform its wild lands and dense forests into rich farms and beautiful homes, to found cities and towns, to establish churches and schools, and in many other ways reclaim the country for the use of man. As one of the early families that led the van of civilization into this region, the Gibson family well deserves conspicuous mention, and as lawyer, business man and public-spirited citizen, William T. Gibson is entitled to representation in a work of the character of the one in hand. The first progenitor of the Gibson family in America was Capt. James Gibson, who, though of Scotch ancestry, was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1740. When twenty years old he left the land of his nativity for the British possessions in America. He established a home in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, then on the frontier and subject to constantsi ravages by the Indians. He was made captain of a company of rangers and, aided by a large bloodhound, he helped to quell the depredations of the savages. With his wife, Anna Bella (Dixon) Gibson, and a son one hour old, he was driven from his cabin by an Indian attack, the cabin was burned and by a narrow margin his wife and baby escaped in a canoe, while he remained behind with his rifle to fight the destroyers of his home. When the colonies declared their independence from Great Britain he fought with the colonists in the Fourth Battalion, Cumberland County, commanded by Col. James Wilson. In 1779 he was promoted from lieutenant to captain in the Pennsylvania Artillery Regiment commanded by Col. Ben. Flowers. Capt. James Gibson, with his wife and four sons, left Pennsylvania in 1799, in horse-drawn wagons, which contained all their earthly possessions. They crossed the mountains and blazed their way through the forests, and in November arrived in the present site of Youngstown and camped one night at what is now known as Gibson Spring, on Poland Avenue. The next day they drove to Warren, but two weeks later returned to Youngstown and bought from John Young 289 1/4 acres of land, including the site of their first camp at the spring. Here a home was literally hewn out of the wilderness, while the woods, teeming with wild game, and the streams, alive with fish, in a large measure supplied the family larder. A temporary log cabin was first erected, but later a comfortable and more pretentious house was built. Capt. James Gibson died in 1816, at the age of seventy-six years, and his wife passed away in 1833. She was a charter member of the first Presbyterian Church in Youngstown and was a devout Christian. Their four sons were named John, James, Samuel (a deaf mute) and Robert D. Of these, James, Jr., and Robert D. served in the War of 1812, and many of their descendants fought for the Union during the Civil war. Robert D. Gibson, who was the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born in 1784, married Lydia Marshall in 1818, and died in 1863. He and his wife were the parents of Samuel, James M., John, Nancy and Eliza. The eldest of these, Samuel, was born on March 9, 1819, and died on December 4, 1910. He was twice married, his first wife being Ann Irwin, who died and left one son, James D., who is now living in Poland, Ohio. His second marriage, which occurred in 1847, was with Nancy J. Gault, and the following named six of their children grew to maturity: William T., Minnie A., Ben M., Robert A., Harry G. and Ella. William T. Gibson was born in Youngstown December 20, 1850, and has always made this city his home. He attended the district schools in boyh00d, later completing the course at Rayen High School, and in 1876 was graduated from the Western Reserve College at Hudson, Ohio. Having determined to devote his life to the practice of law, he then read law under the direction of Judge George F. Arrel and in September, 1878, was admitted to the bar. For three years Mr. Gibson served as city solicitor, resigning that position to accept the office of county prosecutor, to which he had been elected. In 1903 he was elected mayor of Youngstown, serving as such twenty-eight months, or until the municipal elective code was changed. During his administration as mayor the new city code was put into effect, a new jail was erected, taxation was materially reduced, and one of the great industrial strikes was successfully quelled. He was one of the organizers of the City Trust and Savings Bank, of which he has been the only president and which, under his guidance has grown to be one of the strong and influential financial institutions of the Mahoning Valley. For over eighteen years he has been a trustee of the Rayen School. Mr. Gibson was chairman of Draft Board 2 of the City of Youngstown and served twenty-two months. This board had the largest registration of any in the country. They sent out 1,660 men who were outfitted at the camps. Politically Mr. Gibson gives his support to the democratic party, while fraternally he is identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. It is a notable fact that the Gibson family here has had no members but what have reflected credit on the community in which they have resided, and their patriotism is evidenced by bloodshed in the various wars of the country, their sympathies ever being on the side of liberty and the public weal. Only those who come into personal contact with Mr. Gibson can understand how thoroughly nature and training, habits of thought and actron, have enabled him to accomplish his life work and given him the eminent standing which he has for years occupied in the community. Always quiet and unostentatious in manner, he nevertheless leaves a strong impress of his individuality upon all whom he meets. Through the long years of his residence in this community he has been true to every trust reposed in him, whether of a public or private nature, and his reputation in a business way is unassailable. YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 345 ALFRED G. S. PARKER, now deceased, was for many years one of the substantial business men of Struthers, and his memory is cherished because of his many excellent traits of character. He was born at Poland, Ohio, on April 25, 1852, and died on May 10, 1917. His parents were Rufus and Dorcas (Mathews) Parker. The family came from Connecticut to Kinsman, Trumbull County, Ohio, as pioneers. Rufus Parker was born in Connecticut in 1807, was only a lad when the family migration took place to Ohio, and consequently was reared practically in this state. As he grew up he became a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was one of the early circuit riders of this region. Later, however, he retired from the ministry and established himself in a drug and book business at Poland, Ohio, going from there to Magnolia, Delaware, and in 1870 came back to Struthers and opened up another drug store, and here he died when sixty-six years of age, his widow surviving him until she was seventy-nine years old. They had the following children: Charles, Sadie, Harriet and Alfred G. S. Charles Parker was born at Kinsman, Ohio, on December 24, 1845, and on May 26, 1862, enlisted in Company D, Eighty- Eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry and was discharged in September of that year. He re-enlisted in June, 1863, in Company A, Eighty-Sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and received his second discharge on February to, 1864. He belonged to Tod Post, Grand Army of the Republic, and was a strong republican. Following his final discharge he established himself at Struthers, and his sister Sadie remained his housekeeper until they died, they passing away within a week of each other of pneumonia. She had been a schoolmate of William McKinley, later president of the United States, in the Poland School. Both brother and sister were active in the Methodist Episcopal Church. By trade Charles Parker was a lather and plasterer, and worked as such, although he never was very strong, as his health had been affected by his service in the army. The sister Harriet was a lovely character and very talented as a musician. Her death occurred when she was thirty-six years of age. Her brother Alfred took the first money he earned and bought her a guitar, and she became expert in playing it. Alfred Parker built a drug store at the corner of State and Bridge streets, Struthers, in 1873 and also handled books, and it was the first store of its kind in the village. For twenty-three years he was engaged in conducting it, and then sold it to Mayor Wilson's father. While conducting this store he had lived over it, but after making the sale he moved into a residence he had erected. Being too active a man to remain idle, he became storekeeper for the Republic Iron & Steel Company, and continued with this corporation until his death. While he supported the republican candidates, he was not in any sense a public man, and devoted all of his time to his business. When William McKinley left Poland there was no train nearer than Columbiana, and Mr. A. G. S. Parker, then a boy, drove him with his trunk to Columbiana to take the train "outside." On October 17, 1878, Mr. Parker was united in marriage with Laura N. Cowden, a sister of Dr. J. N. Cowden, engaged in a medical practice at Lowellville for forty-three years. She was born at Jackson, Pennsylvania, a daughter of James and Jane (McComb) Cowden. Mr. Cowden came to Lowellville in 1868 and conducted a drug store together with his sons J. N. and R. M. Cowden, who were both physicians. Mr. Cowden died in 1875. Prior to her marriage Mrs. Parker was engaged in teaching school at Lowellville. Mr. and Mrs. Parker became the parents of two daughters, namely: Edna, who married Cecil McHenry, a railroad engineer, lives at the old home of her Uncle Charles Parker at Struthers, and has two children, Virginia Isabel and Giles Parker ; Helen, who married Leon W. Kile, now representing the Republic Iron & Steel Company at Tulsa, Oklahoma, as a dealer in oil supplies, but he maintains his residence at Struthers, which was given his wife by her uncle, Charles Parker. Mr. and Mrs. Kile have three children, namely : Dorothy, Josephine and Betty Jane. Mrs. —Parker is now living with her daughter, Mrs. McHenry. The influence of a life like that of Mr. Parker is not lost when he passes from this mortal sphere. While he shrunk from any publicity, he was known to many, and they and the whole community knew and respected him and realized that his uprightness and sincerity were component parts of the man and that his every action was governed by these characteristics. To his family he was a generous and tender husband and father, and his recreation and happiness were found with them and not in the outside world. EDWARD C. RINEHART, M. D. The medical profession of the Mahoning Valley has many notable exponents, men of wide knowledge and broad training who give prestige to their work and protect the health of the people of their community. Among them perhaps none stands higher in the confidence and esteem of his associates, as well as the public at large, than Dr. Edward C. Rinehart. Not only is he a dependable medical man, but he has also exercised a beneficial influence, principally because of his initiative spirit and helpful activity in civic matters. His career has been characterized by the highest standards of professional ethics, and devotion to duty, his love for humanity and his adherence to his principles, combined with his strength of purpose, have gained for him the respect of his colleagues and of the public. Doctor Rinehart was born at Arlington, Hancock County, Ohio, on December 20, 1886, a son of William A. and Nancy Rinehart, the former a farmer, was born in Ohio, but the family came from Pennsylvania to Ohio about one hundred years ago. In 1909 Doctor Rinehart was graduated from the Ohio Northern University at Ada, Ohio, with the degree of Bachelor of Science, and then took the regular medical course at the Sterling Medical College, from which he was graduated in 1913. For the subsequent year he was interne at the Protestant Hospital at Columbus. Ohio. In the meanwhile Doctor Rinehart was looking about him for a favorable opening and selected 346 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY Struthers upon the recommendation of Dr. E. Harry Jones, present coroner of Mahoning County, and located here on August 4, 1914, as a general practitioner. From the beginning Doctor Rinehart's ability received recognition, and he is today carrying on a practice three times as large as he had hoped to acquire when he came here. This popularity is not in the least spectacular, but the result of the creation of confidence and the patience with which he has ministered to the people, really directing more attention to prevention of disease than to anything else. He is educating the people to conserve their health by inculcating ideas with reference to right living, and using his influence to have proper sanitary regulations inaugurated and maintained. Like all modern physicians, Doctor Rinehart maintains membership in the county, district and state medical societies. In his fraternal affiliations he has become an Odd Fellow and Knight of Pythias. The Presbyterian Church holds his membership. In 1913 Doctor Rinehart was united in marriage at Columbus, Ohio, with glary Ethel Dickson, of that city. Doctor and Mrs. Rinehart have one daughter, Jean Elizabeth. Both are very popular socially, having gathered about them a congenial circle of friends. JAMES P. WILSON. In no profession is a career more open to talent than in that of the law, and none demands a more careful preparation, a more thorough appreciation of the absolute ethics of life or of the underlying principles which form the basis of all human rights and privileges. Unflagging application, breadth of mental vision, and a certain heritage of common sense are the concomitants which go far to insure personal success and prestige in this great profession, which stands as the stern conservator of justice. Possessing all the requisite qualities of the trial lawyer and counsel, James P. Wilson stands today in the front rank of the members of the legal profession in Ohio. He has been indeed eminently successful in his legal career, as is indicated by his long and praiseworthy record at the bar. A master of his profession he ranks high among men distinguished for the high order of their legal ability, and his sound attainments and ripe judgment have made him an authority on matters involving a profound knowledge of jurisprudence and vexed and intricate questions which do not come into the practice of the ordinary lawyer. James P. Wilson was born in Lyons, Iowa, on February 6, 1857, and is the son of James T. and Harriet (Hawes) Wilson. His father was a lawyer of ability, having been admitted to the bar at Cleveland in 1850. He successfully practiced his profession in that city for five years and then moved to Lyons, Iowa, where eventually he engaged in manufacturing and commercial pursuits. He afterwards returned to Cleveland, where his death occurred in 1887, at the age of fifty-eight years. Harriet (Hawes) Wilson was a woamn of superior and attainments. Broadminded and liberal, and possessed of deep religious convictions, she became closely identified with some of the more important charitable movements of Cleveland. James P. Wilson attended the public schools of Cleveland, graduating from the Central High School in 1875. Having determined to make the practice of law his life work, he spent a year in the law office of Hon. Rufus P. Ranney, whose reputation as a judge is nation wide. He studied in Columbia College, New York City, during a two-year course in the law school of that institution. In 1878 he was admitted to the bars of New York and Ohio and immediately came to Youngstown and entered upon the practice of his profession with an uncle, Hon. David M. Wilson. He has remained in the practice here continuously since that time and has had as partners a number of the prominent lawyers of the Youngstown bar, but he has individually achieved a prominence in his profession second to none. The present firm name is Wilson, Hahn & Wilson. He stands as a worthy and conspicuous member of a group of men whose influence in the civic and social life as well as in professional circles of the community has been of a most beneficent order. He is the present legal representative of the New York Central system of railroads in northeastern Ohio and western Pennsylvania, including the Lake Erie and Eastern Railroad Company and the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad Company,. which he has represented for the past forty years. He is a member of the Ohio State Bar Association, and the American Bar Association, having served as. a delegate to the latter. A wide and discriminating reading of literature of the better sort, aside from his profession, engaged the attention of Mr. Wilson. As a writer he has gained considerable repute. He is the author of many essays, briefs and monographs and has collaborated on a number of successful plays. With an easy and graceful style, the products of his pen. always attract attention. In 1887 Mr. Wilson was married to Frances Eliza Patton, daughter of Dr. Thomas Patton of Newark, Ohio, a former editor and proprietor of the Youngstown Vindicator. To them have been born three children: Richard Bartley, named for his maternal great-grandfather ; Mordecai Bartley, who was governor, United States senator, and supreme judge of Ohio, is a graduate.of Brown University and Columbia Law College and is a partner in the law firm with his father. James Taylor, who resides in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he is general manager of the Cheri Corporation, served as United States coal controller of Rhode Island. He too is a graduate of Brown University, as is Harold Leslie, the youngest son, who is now manager of the sales department of the Republic Rubber Company of Youngstown, being in charge of the output of the Canton factory of that company. Politically James P. Wilson is an earnest supporter of the democratic party, though personally without political aspirations. He is a member of St. John's Episcopal church, of which he is a vestryman. He takes a deep interest in local public affairs, is director of the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce, and has served as a trustee of the Youngstown Public Library for twenty years. In 1916 Brown University conferred upon him the honorary degree of Master of Arts. Although his life has been a busy one, his professional affairs making heavy demands upon his time, he has never shrunk from his duties as a citizen and his obligations to the community. Calm YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 347 and dignified, his life has been nevertheless a persistent plea by example and public speech and written word for that tolerance and sanity of individual judgment which make for the elevation of wholesome character. SAMUEL C. WAGGONER. The great manufacturing interests centered at Struthers produce immense quantities of freight shipped from this point, so that the representative of the railroads here is an important man, and one whose duties are manifold and heavy. Samuel C. Waggoner, agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad at Struthers, is a man fully calculated to measure up to his responsibilities, and one who is rendering a remarkably efficient service. Samuel C. Waggoner was born at Broad Ford, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, on June 4, 1871, and in 1887 his parents came to North Benton, Mahoning County, Ohio, where both died. His father was a blacksmith, but also had been a stage driver on the old National Turnpike over the mountains, and his blacksmith shop was located on this turnpike at Searight. When still a lad Samuel C. Waggoner began working in the mines and coke ovens, but in 1892 entered the employ of the Pennsylvania Railroad and was first stationed at Coverly, Pennsylvania, as agent, from whence he was transferred to Edenburg, Pennsylvania, where he spent 4 1/2 years. For the next 2 1/2 years he was at Greenville, Pennsylvania, and then returned to Edenburg to reside, although he was stationed at Greenville, Pennsylvania, and still maintains his home there on account of his wife's health. In August, 1907, he came to Struthers. At that time he had one clerk, but the business has so increased that he now has to have seven. On April 13, 1892, Mr. Waggoner was married to Myrta Eadler, of Berlin Centre, Mahoning County, Ohio, a daughter of David and Anna Eadler. David Eadler was a harnessmaker and died in 1918, at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Waggoner, with whom he and Mrs. Eadler had resided for the past fifteen years. Mrs. Eadler survives him and continues to make her home with her daughter. Mr. and Mrs. Waggoner have no children. He belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church of Greenville, Pennsylvania. His fraternal connections are with the Knights of Pythias of Greenville. Having been with his road for so many years Mr. Waggoner is exceedingly efficient in his line and is able to handle the heavy traffic from this point. Accommodating and dependable, Mr. Waggoner is a valued asset to Struthers, and to its manufacturing plants, and it is a recognized fact that few agencies are managed as well as the one presided over by him. LOWELL GARRISON WESTOVER. Associated with business interests, and a citizen of high character, Lowell Garrison Westover is a man whose operations entitle him to a place in the record of worthwhile men of the Mahoning Valley. He was born at Warren. Ohio, on April 19, 1878, a son of Allen and Kezia (Hoon) Westover, who celebrated their fiftieth wedding anniversary at Youngstown, Ohio, on September 5, 1919. It is believed that both families are descendants of the original Holland stock of New York. The grandfather of Allen Westover brought his family to the Western Reserve from Richfield County, Connecticut, in 1806, making the trip with ox teams, and settled at Palmyra, Portage County, Ohio, There he assisted in the construction of the first bridge over the Mahoning River. James Hoon married a Miss Garrison, a relative of William Lloyd Garrison, the great abolitionist, and a daughter of Joseph Garrison of Edinburg, Ohio. This lady dying w en her daughter Kezia was young, the latter was reared by her grandfather, Joseph Garrison, of whom Mr. Westover has a vivid recollection. Luman Westover spent his life at Deerfield, Ohio, where his son Allen was born. Another relative, Rockwell Westover, recently died at Deerfield, aged eighty-seven years. Fred Westover, a brother of Luman Westover, was the cattle king of Portage County, Ohio. Mrs. Russell Case, secretary of the Westover Reunion, is also a member of the Westover family. Lowell G. Westover left the farm and with but $350 opened a blacksmith shop at Lowellville and learned his trade at his anvil. It was slow work and at times discouraging, but he possessed determination in a somewhat marked degree, and gradually he built up a good business, giving employment to as many as seven helpers, and did all kinds of horse shoeing and general repair work. Later he added a livery and then began handling farm machinery, broadening that branch to include all kinds of agricultural implements and gas engines, harness and other goods of a like nature. Thus from very small beginnings he steadily advanced until he had $3o,000 invested. The livery barn gave place to a garage, and in connection with it Mr. Westover did all kinds of auto repairing and carried a full line of auto supplies and accessories and oils. He had extensive storage rooms and catered to the transfer and moving trade, his equipment especially being adapted for long distance removals. His establishment was one of the leading ones of the village, and in addition to it Mr. Westover owned one of the finest residence there and other valuable realty. On February 9, 1920, a fire occurred in the store rented by Mr. Westover, the store being the front room of the factory. The building and contents were burned to the ground. The place was covered by only a small insurance, he losing $20,000. With characteristic energy he started out again, forming a partnership with his brother Roy Westover, and opening the Westover Stag Hotel at 19 Wick Avenue in Youngstown. He and his brother are also engaged in the real estate business under the firm name of Westover Brothers, with offices in the hotel. On November 8, 1898, Mr. Westover was married at Youngstown to Gwendolyn Lewis, a daughter of George Lewis, a coal miner and later a mill workman, who was killed in 1918 by the fall of a heavy casting which was being carried by a crane. Mr. and Mrs. Westover have three children, namely : Fred, who is a graduate of the Lowellville High School, is a student of Hiram College ; Elsie, who is attending the Lowellville High School; and Raymond, who is the youngest. In the case of Mr. Westover his rise, while rapid, in a natural one, and brought about not through the favors of influential friends or the infusion of out- 348 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY side capital, but as a result of his own hard work, thrift and excellent business judgment. Both he and his establishment are a credit to his community, and he stands in high favor with all who know him. FRANK W. PERRY. Outside of the immense plant operated by the steel trust and other corporations one of the most conspicuous and successful industries of Youngstown is the F. W. Perry Machine Company. This business is the direct result of the initiative and enterprise of Frank W. Perry, its proprietor. Mr. Perry has been in Youngstown only about ten years, but had his business on a sound basis at the time of the World war, executed and fulfilled some valuable contracts for the Government, but the Government patronage has been really only incidental to the substantial prosperity and success of his concern. Mr. Perry was born in London, England, in 1886, a son of James E. and Emily (Clemmons) Perry. His parents are still living in England, and his father for many years was a high class machinist, but is now retired at the age of seventy-two. In the family were three sons and two daughters. Frank W. Perry acquired his education in the public schools of London, and at the age of fourteen left school to begin an apprenticeship in a machine and foundry works. He learned the business thoroughly, spending seven years, and subsequently was employed by Joseph Baker & Sons, manufacturers of automatic machinery of all kinds, the largest concern of its kind in the world. Mr. Perry came to the United States in February, 1910. Acting on his own knowledge and advice he sought opportunities for his special experience in Pittsburgh. He started for that city, but was sleeping soundly when the train passed through, and did not wake up until he was in the environs of Youngstown. Thus, in a measure, it was chance that brought him to this great industrial city. His first employment was with the Sheet and Tube Works and later he went with another local plant, and then for six months was out of a job on account of a strike. For three years he was machinist with the Tod Company. Mr. Perry then determined to go into business for himself. He rented a barn located next door to his present plant. He had saved a little money, but he bought his equipment chiefly on credit. For a time he conducted a shop for the rebuilding of automobiles, and sold the rebuilt cars. Later he was a salesman for the Youngstown Carriage Company, and sold much of the output of this firm. Again he branched out in business for himself on part of the ground now occupied by his business. He continued making over cars, selling cars, and handling Republic tires as representative of the Republic Rubber Company. From that he turned to strictly machine work, buying his equipment on credit. He was soon given munition contracts, making dies and lathes for the Remington Arms Company, and later established an output at a rate of 34o rimmers per month for the United States Government. He was able to fill all the exacting requirements of a Government contract, and has shown a real genius in organization and has one of the best equipped plants of its kind in Ohio. Mr. Perry is now making a specialty of manufacturing truck axles and automobile parts. In September, 1915, he married Miss Mary Snyder, daughter of John Snyder, of Youngstown. They have two daughters, Mary Elizabeth and Emily Frances. Mr. Perry is a member of St. John's Episcopal Church and his wife is affiliated with St. Joseph's Catholic Church. SAMUEL L. FRIEDMAN one of the prosperous business men of Struthers, is engaged in a general merchandise enterprise and has been a resident of the village since July 28, 1900, coming here before the village was incorporated. He opened a store with a small stock of goods, less than $2,000 worth, but. from the start has been successful, building up an excellent trade that has shown a healthy increase with each year. His first store was a one-room affair, on the location of the old postoffice, but two years later he moved to his present place, which was then a two-story building with 1,700 square feet of floor space. In 1908 he enlarged, adding a store 25x50 feet, which gave him 1,200 more square feet of floor space. With the expansion of his business he found it necessary in 1916 to add a second floor, so that he then had about 4,800 square feet of floor space, and at that time he added a five and ten cent department. The business has grown to such proportions that he has replaced his original building with a new three-story brick block, 50xi00 feet, with walls strong enough to support several additional stories when they are needed. He occupies the entire building and carries on a general merchandise business, his department store being the equal of any at Youngstown. The building was erected at a cost of $80,000, and his stock is valued at $75,000. Some idea of the expansion of the business may be gathered from the fact that during the first year Mr. Friedman was able to attend to his customers alone, while today he finds employment for twenty-five sales people. One of the reasons for his success lies in the fact that he treats all alike. It has always been his policy to give his customers the goods they want, to render to all a square deal, and to be content with small profits. A man of genial personality, he has made many friends and is recognized as a valuable asset to Struthers. Ever taking an interest in local matters, Mr. Friedman has become very prominent in civic affairs, and is now on the board of education, and assisted in organizing the Struthers Chamber of Commerce, which he served as the first chairman. It is a tradition at Struthers that whenever there is anything needed in the way of improvements, public demonstration or civic activity along any line, all that 's necessary to bring about results is to place the matter in the capable hands of "Sam" Friedman, and the thing is as good as done. Samuel L. Friedman was brought to Youngstown in his childhood by his father, Isaac Friedman, a retired grocer and well known resident of Youngstown, and he grew up in his father's store, learning merchandising from the ground up. At the same time he attended the Wood Street School of Youngstown. Mr. Friedman learned to be useful in other ways, for he was a newsboy and bootblack at Youngs- YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 349 town for some four years. When he was twenty years old he went into business for himself, and since that time has made steady progress. In 1908 Mr. Friedman was married to Ruth J. Bondy, of Cleveland, Ohio, and they have one daughter, Selma Lois. Mr. Freidman is a charter member of Struthers Lodge, Knight of Pythias, and he belongs to the Rodef Sholem Congregation of Youngstown. GEORGE L. SAUER. In tracing the lives of the prominent men of the Mahoning Valley, the writer finds it easy to determine that those of progressive ideas have never lacked for opportunity. In this country where the valuable prizes of life depend upon merit rather than the accidents of birth and fortune, the men of ambition, initiative and courage are the ones who attain to success. The most reponsible positions in every line are given to those who possess the above mentioned traits of character. With them as a capital George L. Sauer entered upon his business career, and today he is agent for the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad at Struthers, and is also a strong political factor in the life of the village. George L. Sauer was born at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on August 11, 1886, a son of Joseph Sauer, formerly a mill worker, but now an employe of the Village of Struthers, Ohio. Growing up at McKeesport, George L. Sauer attended its public schools, and first worked in the freight office of the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad, and then was made agent at Aliquippa, Pennsylvania, from whence he was transferred to Struthers, Ohio, in 1912. Under his charge the business of the office has so augmented that the original four employes have been increased to eight. From the first Mr. Sauer has taken a very active part in civic affairs at Struthers, and in 1919 was elected a member of the village board. He assisted in organizing the Struthers Chamber of Commerce, of which he is now secretary, and introduced and carried through to successful completion the measure for the issuance of bonds to the amount of $22,000 to provide for adequate fire protection and a general alarm system of modern make. In his youth he played baseball and is an enthusiast on all healthful sport, including baseball and bowling, and encourages the young men to participate in them, knowing that they and their work will thereby be benefitted. While a resident of McKeesport Mr. Sauer was married to Miss Anna Haltmeyer, and they have one son, John. Mr. Sauer belongs to that class of men who wield a power that is all the more potent from the fact that it is moral as well as political, and is exercised for the .public weal rather than for private benefit. He has reached his present position through no favors of influential friends, but worked his way up, and his achievements are the reward of earnest, honest effort. WILLIAM A. FEE. Four generations of the Fee family have been identified with the substantial interests of Trumbull County. William A. Fee represents the third generation, and is senior in the firm of W. A. Fee & Son, owners of the Valley Farm in Bazetta Township. Some of, the most advanced ideas of modern agriculture and stock husbandry are practiced and demonstrated on the Valley Farm, which lies half way between Warren and Cortland. The Fee family came out of County Leitrim, Ireland. William and Jane (Park) Fee, grandparents of William A. Fee, were pioneer settlers in the northwestern part of Bazetta Township, some six or seven miles north of Warren. Later they moved to the center of Bazetta and finally retired to. Warren, where William Fee died when about eighty years of age. He is remembered by some of the old timers as a very popular horseman. H was a crony of the great Youngstown coal and steel operator Chauncey Andrews, whose career figures prominently in the Mahoning Valley history. They were associated in the breeding and training of fine racing and trotting stock. William Fee trained such horses as King Searcher, Country Boy, Granite State, Starlight Willie, Gold Dust, and two of these were among the greatest horses in America. The descendants of Country Boy became widely noted and prized by horsemen. William Fee had a track on his farm, and he was a regular follower of the fairs and race circuits. Some of his horses he sold at fancy prices. he was keenly interested in horse training and racing as long as he lived. His son William, Jr., who was only a child when brought over from Ireland, excelled his father as a driver of horses. He bought the old farm at Bazetta Center, and was the pioneer of the family in establishing a dairy. He kept as high as forty cows, and was one of the chief patrons of the Cowdery Cheese Factory at Cortland. He remained on the farm until his wife's death, about 1904, and then exchanged it with William A. for a farm near the old homestead. The last four years of his life he lived with his son William A. and died in April, 1914, at the age of seventy-four. His wife, Mary J. Brown, was born in Vermont and was a child when her parents, James and Anna Brown, settled in the northern part of Bazetta Township on the Center Road. The Browns were pioneers, and they had to cut a road through the woods to reach their land. James Brown died when about sixty years of age, at the close of the Civil war, while his widow lived until 1883. The sons in the Brown family were Heman, Norman, Albert and William, and the daughters, Caroline, Mary, Emily, Eliza and Ellen, all now deceased. Heman and William both died in Trumbull County, while Norman and Albert went to Illinois. William Fee, Jr., had a brother, John C., who lived in Mecca Township until the death of his wife, and he spent his last days near Leavittsburg. William Fee, Jr., was a democrat in national affairs. He and his wife had four children: William A.; Charles, who left home when a young man, went to work in the machine department of the Tube Works at Warren, and was foreman of the Buckeye Electrical Works of Cleveland when his clothing was caught in a rapidly revolving shaft and he was instantly killed March 12, 1901, at the age of thirty-eight; Fred, a farmer in Bazetta Township; and Myrtle, wife of Dr. A. C. Graham, of Kansas City, Missouri, who was born in Farmington Township of Trumbull County. William A. Fee was born in Bloomfield Township of Trumbull County January 6, 1862, and grew up