(RETURN TO THE MAHONING COUNTY INDEX)

350 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY on his father's farm, acquiring a substantial education in the local schools. At the age of twenty he married Jennie Hake, one year his junior, a native of Vienna Township and daughter of Daniel and Betsy (Hake) Hake of that township. After his marriage Mr. Fee rented his uncle's farm for five years, then spent five years on one of his father's farms, and following that bought the place which he traded to his father for the present home. He lived there about eight years, and in May, 1906, secured the Valley Farm, consisting of 200 acres. His father had owned 336 acres here, William A. getting more than half of it. Much of the land was in woods and pasture. Mr. Fee built the present barn, getting the timbers from his own place, while his father had built the house. For some years past Mr. Fee has been expending much capital in tiling and draining the wet places. It is a high class dairy farm, and since 1908 registered Holsteins have constituted the herd. There are now about forty head of these animals. The farm has sent out a number of fine breeding animals, and the state at one time bought a bunch of heifers for use with the State Calf Club in Belmont County. The herd has been tested for tuberculosis by the Federal Government and is an accredited herd. The cows have also stood high in the official milk tests. The business practice has been to sell the cream, the skim milk being left on the farm for use as supplemental feed. The cream was formerly sold to ice cream makers, but is now sold to wholesale distributors at Warren. William A. Fee has found his life interest in the farm. He has never held a public office and is an independent voter. He has filled the chairs in the Cortland Lodge of Odd Fellows and has sat in the Grand Lodge, and he and his wife are both Rebekahs. The family are members of the West Bazetta Christian Church. For several years Mr. Fee has spent a few weeks every season in the hunting grounds of , Northern Michigan. He makes these trips in company with some congenial companions, and in his home has some mounted deer heads as tokens and trophies of his sport. Mr. and Mrs. Fee have a daughter and son, Carrie and Charles. Carrie is the wife of Clyde Everett, a farmer in Champion Township. They have one son, Glade. Charles married Edith Wildman, and they have a family of three girls, Charlotte, Layette and Genevieve. Charles Fee is the young man who has been responsible for many of the advanced features found in practice on the Valley Farm. He is a graduate of the Cortland High School, and the Ohio State University, where he specialized in dairying and stock husbandry. He has qualified for and done official testing for the state. He has used a great deal of limestone for the soil, and has done much to improve the productiveness of the fields. For some years past alfalfa has been grown on the Valley Farm. One tract was cut for eight years in succession, averaging five tons to the acre annually. The silo is a feature of the building equipment on the Fee farm. The dairy is operated on strictly business principles, the milk from each cow being weighed at each milking and a thorough accounting system is in use for every department of the farm. WILLIAM CAMPION WINFIELD. The Winfield family as been In the Mahoning Valley for nearly three-quarters of a century, and for the same length of time it has been closely identified with the industrial and civic history of the region. The original Winfield settler of the Mahoning Valley was John Winfield, father of William C. Winfield, whose name heads this review, who located at Canfield, the first county seat of Mahoning County, in 1845. He was born in England in 1811, and there learned the machinist's trade. Coming to the United States as a young man, he went to work at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, as a finisher of surgical and dental instruments, fine shears and cutlery of all kinds. He was not only an expert machinist and "whitesmith," but possessed considerable inventive genius, and while at Philadelphia he invented a machine for making lead pipe in continuous length, and during 1849-50, perfected a self-cocking, revolving cylinder revolver, both of the above having been among the first in their line ever made in this country. While still living at Philadelphia John Winfield was married to Mary Campion, also born in England, in 1807, who came to the United States when a young lady. From Philadelphia John Winfield and his wife went to Saint Louis, Missouri, and thence to Alton, Illinois, he working at his trade in both cities, also having his own shop and a retail store at Alton. From Alton John Winfield then came to Canfield, Ohio, as above stated, and here he continued work at his trade for a number of years. From Canfield he finally moved to Hubbard, Trumbull County, where he died in 1879. His widow survived him many years, dying in 1893. During the Mexican war John Winton worked in the Allegheny Arsenal at Pittsburgh, making muskets, and during the Civil war he worked in Pittsburgh making cannon. William Campion Winfield, son of John and Mary (Campion) Winfield, was born at Alton, Illinois, on March 17, 1844, and was only a year old when the family migration brought him to Ohio and the Mahoning Valley, so that practically all of his long and useful life has been spent in this region. He was educated in the public schools of the county and the old Hines Academy at Canfield, and then learned the trade of a tinner, but had not completed his apprenticeship when war was declared between the North and the South. In 1862 he served in Company F, Forty-First Ohio Volunteer Infantry as a private for eleven months, and was honorably discharged at the close of his period of enlistment. Returning to Canfield, Mr. Winfield worked at his trade there, and later at Salem, Ohio, and then in 1864 came to Warren, where he obtained employment with the firm a Fitch & Carry, pioneer tinsmiths of this city, for whom he worked as a journeyman, making steel pipes used in filling water locomotive tenders for the Atlantic & Great Western Railway, now the Erie System. In the latter part of 1864 he entered the business field for himself at Hubbard, manufacturing a full line of tinware, and made more tinware than was made at that time at any other point between Cleveland and Pittsburgh. He also operated wholesale and retail wagons for the sale of tinware. He remained there for the next YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 351. seventeen years, but in 1882 returned to Warren, and during that year he organized the Winfield Manufacturing Company for the purpose of manufacturing, under his own patented inventions, oil tanks, family oil cans, tubular lanterns and kitchen lamps, the machinery for making these articles also being of his own invention. So successful did this concern become that in 1888 the business was incorporated, under the same name, with Mr. Winfield as president and superintendent, and he still holds these positions. On January to, 1910, the Winfield Electric Welding Machine Company was incorporated with Mr. Winfield as president and superintendent, for the purpose of building electric welding machines under patented inventions of Mr. Winfield and A. B. Taylor, also connected with the above company. Under the skillful and practical supervision of Mr. Winfield both these companies have taken their rightful place among the important industrial plants of Warren, and he has achieved a gratifying success in his ventures, and is one of the inventors who has been able to profit to the utmost by the products of his genius. In 1865 Mr. Winfield was married to Amanda Grimmesey, a daughter of John W. and Lucinda (Painter) Grimmesey, of Salem, Ohio, and she died on September 16, 191o, aged seventy-two years. Mr. and Mrs. Winfield became the parents of three children, namely : Grace, who was married to Grant W. Byard, of Warren, has a son, William and he served as a first lieutenant in the supply department at Camp Sherman during the great war ; Luella, who married A. G. Ward, of Warren, who is manager of the Youngstown Ice Company, and William, who died at the age of nine years. On August 25, 1920, Mr. Winfield married Elizabeth Beecher, of Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. Winfield is a Baptist in his religious views. HARRY M. REEL, is a civil engineer of broad and successful experience, served many years as assistant city engineer in Youngstown, and is now secretary of the Youngstown Construction Company. Mr. Reel was born at Youngstown in 1869, son of David and Emma (McKee) Reel. His father, whose people were Pennsylvania Dutch from the eastern part of that state, was born at Weathersfield in Trumbull County, Ohio, in 1838. He tried to get into the Union Army at the time of the Civil war, but his services were rejected on account of an injury he had received in boyhood. He finished his education at Girard College, and about 1867 left the farm and moving to Youngstown became associated with Dan Moyer, under the name Reel & Moyer, in the mercantile business. They built the Reel & Moyer Block, and he continued active as a merchant for many years. He was also well known in official affairs, serving as a member of the City Council, as city treasurer, and was once republican candidate for mayor. His candidacy occurred at a time of democratic landslide, but his personal popularity nearly stemmed the partisan tide. He was a Mason, being a past master of Western Star Lodge, and was an active member of the First .Presbyterian Church. He died in September, 1917. His widow, now living in Youngstown at the age of seventy-six, is the daughter of John McKee, at one time a very prominent farmer and man of extensive means near Warren. David Reel and wife had the following children : Harry M.; Ella, wife of B. M. Campbell; Effie, wife of E. H. Williams, living in Washington; Fred, an accountant with the General Firepr00fing Company at Youngstown; J. A., a rancher in Idaho; and David, superintendent of construction work at Miami, Florida. Harry M. Reel is a graduate of the Rayen High School and as a boy clerked in his father's store. For a time he also lived in the state of Minnesota He acquired his early engineering experience in the engineering department of the Pittsburgh and Lake Erre Railroad, later with the Baltimore & Ohio, anu finally in the general offices of the bridge and track department of the Pennsylvania Company at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Mr. Reel filled the post of first assistant city engineer at Youngstown for fifteen years. During that time he had charge of much of the important planning and development work in the city. He planned and supervised the building of the local mechanical filtration plant. Since coming with the Youngstown Construction Company Mr. Reel has merely shifted his interests from the planning and supervising to the practical construction end of municipal engineering. His company has graded, sewered and paved many streets in various parts of the city, Mr. Reel married Miss Josephine Rowan, daughter of Theodore Rowan, of Cleveland. Their three children are Mary, David and John. NOVETUS H. CHANEY. To the fundamental duties of American education no Ohio school man has devoted himself, his talents and the energies of his life with greater fidelity and to more effective purpose than Novetus H. Chaney, who taught his first school at the age of fourteen and since 1902 has been the active head and superintendent of the city school system of Youngstown. In view of his work and his real leadership Mr. Chaney might well be ascribed, and his friends would readily give him credit for an important share in the growth and development of Youngstown schools during the past seventeen years. A few figures will indicate graphically the growth of the local school system during that period. In 1902 the school population was 7,861, in 1919, 22,415. The staff of teachers in 1902 numbered 196, while now there are 590. There were eighteen buildings in 1902, while at present forty-five modern structures comprise the school plant. Seventeen years ago the famous Rayen High School was the crown of the educational system of the city, while now there are two large and efficient high schools, and the high school enrollment is 2,138 as against 450 pupils enrolled in 1902. As to the character of the work done in the high schools it is noteworthy that the graduates are credited without further examination to entrance in forty-two colleges throughout the Middle West and the East. Novetus H. Chaney was born on a farm near New Vienna in Highland County, Ohio, March 4, 1856, son of John Alexander and Mary Catherine (Holmes) Chaney. His father was a native of 352 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY Pennsylvania and his mother of New Jersey. John A. Chaney was an Ohio farmer, and in his home community was a leader of the choir in the Methodist Church and a progressive democrat, though later he became a prohibitionist. He and his wife were married in Ohio and he died April 21, 1880, at the age of fifty-six, while his widow survived until 1913, and to the age of seventy-eight. Five of their children reached mature years, Jacob H., a farmer in Nebraska; Emma, wife of Elwood Ockerman, of Frankfort, Ohio; Novetus H.; Mrs. Cora Bell Ashlin, of Kansas ; and Dr. Henry M., a dentist at London, Ohio. Novetus H. Chaney received his early education at home, and the first school he attended was on his father's farm. After his boyhood days he paid the expenses of his higher education by his work as a teacher. He attended Wilmington College, a Friends institution at Wilmington, Ohio, and from 1892 to 1894 was a post-graduate student in the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware. He also took special courses in the University of Chicago and the University of Pennsylvania. While his first experience as a teacher was in a country school in Highland County, he was soon promoted to the responsibilities of a village school, and for four years was superintendent at Clarksville, spent over a year as superintendent at Blanchester, and from 1886 to 1898 was superintendent of schools at Washington Court House, Ohio, and from 1898 to 1902 was city superintendent at Chillicothe. Mr. Chaney is a member of the National Education Association, the Ohio State Teachers' Association, which he served as president in 1904-05, and was a member of the State Board of School Examiners from 1908 to 1913. He has served as a trustee of the Youngstown Young Men's Christian Association, is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, a Mason and Odd Fellow, a republican and a member of the Trinity Methodist Church. August 12, 1880, he married Miss Anna R. Roush. They had three children: Mrs. Harry Greenwood, of Youngstown; Opal, at home ; and Emma, deceased. J. ARTHUR FERRIS, proprietor of a prosperous electrical supply business at Youngstown, is widely known for his varied participation in the affairs of this city. August 4, 1919, he completed two successive and highly creditable terms as county clerk of Mahoning County. Mr. Ferris was born at Perrysburg, New York, September 10, 1878, son of Joseph S. and Adaline (Oliver) Ferris. His father was a native of New York and his mother of Vermont, but their birthplaces were only separated by the waters of Lake Champlain. The father died December 24, 1899, at the age of seventy-four, and the mother on November 17, 1904, aged seventy-six. Joseph S. Ferris was a Union soldier and was with the armies under General Grant in the final Virginia campaigns. He and his family came to Ohio in 1881, locating at Andover in Ashtabula County. Both were members of the Congregational Church. In the family were seven children, four of whom are still living: R. A., who was a pioneer in western Canada, and is in the farm machinery, tractor and implement business at Calgary, Alberta ; Mrs. Emma Prince, of Conneaut, Ohio, and Mrs. Jessie Flemming, of Cleveland; and J. Arthur, youngest of the family. J. Arthur Ferris graduated from the Andover High School in Ohio at the age of eighteen. He has lived in this state since he was three years of age. There were circumstances in the family that made it necessary for him to take up serious responsibilities. His father for fifteen years was nearly blind, and the son Arthur during a great part of that time was the chief provider. After leaving high school he came to Youngstown and was glad to secure employment in a feed store at a dollar and a quarter a day. Later he learned the carpenter's trade and occasionally did some contract, ing. Later he became a mail carrier, and for ten years was in the service of the local postoffice. From his Federal duties he became chief deputy in the county clerk's office and after two terms he was chosen by the people of Mahoning County as county clerk. As noted above, his second term in that office concluded in August, 1919. Three years ago Mr. Ferris established an electrical supply house at 8 and 10 Homer Court on the south side. He began with one helper, and now does a very extensive business, requiring fifteen expert workmen. Mr. Ferris married December 24, 1898, Elizabeth Renninger, daughter of Fred C. Renninger, of Youngstown. Their two children are Frank F. and Betty. Mr. Ferris and wife attend the Christian Science Church. He is a Knight Templar Mason and Shriner, is a past grand of the Odd Fellows, and past chief patriarch of its Encampment, and is also affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, Junior Order of United American Mechanics, and in politics is a republican. CHASE TOMSON TRUESDALE, a former county treasurer of Mahoning County, and a lifelong resident of the Mahoning Valley, is president of the South Side Savings Bank at Youngstown, and is a man of varied important connections with commercial affairs. He was born at Austintown September 29, 1855, son of John R. and Mary (Tomson) Truesdale. His father was born in the Austintown community in 1820, and spent his active life as a farmer. He also had an official record, serving twice as infirmary director of Mahoning County, and in 1866 was elected county treasurer and re-elected in 1868. He held that office just forty years before his son. He died at Canfield in 1879. His wife was born in 1822 and died in 1903. Her father, Cornelius Tomson, was a native of Connecticut and married Mary Kyle. Their marriage was celebrated in the old stone house which is still standing on the bluff just opposite Idora Park, the ground of said park having originally been part of the old Tomson homestead. John R. Truesdale and wife were members of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, and after his death she worshiped with the Presbyterian denomination. They were the parents of six children, and the three now living are Mrs. A. P. Webb, Mrs. Frank D. Klotz, and Chase T. The deceased are: Clark, who was a structural iron worker with the Youngstown Bridge Company and died at Poland at the age of sixty- YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 353 four ; Ella, who was the wife of W. S. Johnston, of Buffalo ; and Charles, who was born in 1857, was an iron worker and died in 1888. Chase Tomson Truesdale attended school at Austintown, and spent his early life on a farm. From the duties and responsibilities of the fields he went to work in the City Mills for Homer Baldwin in 1880. With that old industry, a landmark in Youngstown, he was connected continuously for twenty-seven years. Mr. Truesdale was elected to represent the fourth ward in the City Council in 1900, and held that office four years, after which he was elected to the council at large. He resigned when elected country treasurer in 1906, and by re-election in 1908 served two terms. Mr. Truesdale upon the organization of the South Side Savings Bank in 1914 became its president, and has wisely guided the affairs of that institution in the intervening years. He is a member of the Westminster Presbyterian Church. In 1883 he married Maria Wooldridge, who was born in Cleveland in 1856. They have one daughter, Bessie. WILLIAM M. HENDERSON, is a general contractor and builder of municipal works, and as such his reputation is widely extended over Ohio and other adjoining states. Mr. Henderson, who has spent most of his life in Youngstown, was born at Coatbridge, Scotland, in 1868, son of William and Justinia (McKenzie) Henderson. The family came from Scotland to Youngstown in 1872. William Henderson, Sr., for forty-five years was a puddler in the employ of the Brown-Bonnell plant. He was also a prominent member of the Methodist Church. He died at Youngstown in 1914 at the age of seventy-two, and his widow survived until May 23, 1920, dying at the age of seventy-three. There were seven children: William M.; Isabel B., of Youngstown; Mary A., wife of J. A. Heasley, of Warren ; Barbara, wife of Robert J. Nicholson, a Youngstown attorney; John A., in the automobile business at Warren ; A. M., a lawyer and president of the Henderson Construction Company; and James, who is treasurer and general manager of the Henderson-Overland Company. William M. Henderson attended the Wood Street and Oak Street public schools in Youngstown, and as a youth found his first regular employment in the Brown-Bonnell plant. He worked in different departments of that industry, and later became a bookkeeper for Stambaugh-Thompson. For fifteen years Mr. Henderson was in the hardware business at Warren, and since then has been actively engaged in contracting. Some of the important municipal contracts he has handled comprised the building of the Youngstown Filter Plant, the Spring Common Viaduct, the East Youngstown Filter Plant, and the filter plant at Sandusky. For five years he was associated with Thomas Lightbody in contracting. He is also president of the Henderson-Overland Company at Youngstown. Mr. Henderson married Miss Jessie Lightbody in 1892. Her father, Thomas Lightbody, who came to Youngstown from Yonkers, New York, was for many years a successful contractor. Mr. and Mrs. Henderson have one son, Robert L. who was in the United States Navy during the World war. Mr. and Mrs. Henderson are members of the First Presbyterian Church, and he is a Knight Templar Mason and Shriner and an Elk, also a member of the Commercial Travelers and the Chamber of Commerce. THOMAS MURRAY, JR., secretary of the Youngstown Builders Exchange, is an ex-soldier, and is a young business man of wide experience and long and favorably known in this city. He was born at Youngstown in 1889, son of Thomas and Mary (McGraw) Murray. His father, who was born in the south of Ireland in 1855, was seven years of age when his people came to Youngstown, where he has lived now for over half a century. For many years he was employed "on the rolls" at the Cartwright Mills. His wife is a native of Youngstown, and both are faithful members of St. Columba's Catholic Church. Of their children, Irene is the wife of Philip Grace, an employe at the Steel Mills ; Anna is the wife of H. L. Hendrickson, manager of the Moon-Hopkins Adding Machine Company at Cleveland ; Helen F. is the widow of Robert Cantwell, who was a real estate dealer at Youngstown; and Frank A. died in childhood. Thomas Murray, Jr., received his early education in St. Columba's parochial schools and graduated from the Rayen High School in 1909. From high school he became yard clerk for the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad, but left the railroad to take charge of the books for the Concrete, Sand and Gravel Company. He was with that corporation eight years, and rose to the post and responsibilities of manager, secretary and treasurer of the company. He resigned to do his bit in the war. In December, 1917, he was sent to New Orleans, and was trained with the heavy artillery. He went to France with the Sixty-Fourth Coast Artillery Corps, and his regiment had been scheduled for front line duty about the time the armistice was signed. He served in the grades of corporal, sergeant and gun commander. Mr. Murray arrived home April 10, 1919, and after his honorable discharge was appointed to his present duties as secretary of the Builders' Exchange, a work for which his previous experience furnishes him splendid qualifications. He is a member of the Knights of Columbus, the Elks, the Rotary Club and the Poland Country Club. GEORGE BROOKS GILBERT, an old and honored citizen of Niles, who earned a record of conspicuous gallantry in the Civil war, has been a business man for half a century and a resident of Niles for over twenty years. He was born at Bridgeport in Belmont County, Ohio, April 3, 1847, son of John and Susannah (Brooks) Gilbert, his mother being of Scotch-Irish descent. John Gilbert was a shoe merchant and spent his active life at Bridgeport. The mother lived to the age of eighty-four. George Brooks Gilbert was educated in his home town and at the age of fifteen enlisted in Company G of the Fifteenth Ohio Infantry and saw 3 1/2 years of active service. He participated in his first battle at Perryville, Kentucky, in the same year he enlisted. He was wounded in the arm at Resaca, and had previously been cap- 354 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY tured at Stone River and had the experience of six months' confinement in Libby prison. After being exchanged he rejoined his command in time to participate in the battle of Missionary Ridge and in the Atlanta campaign until wounded. Incapacitated, he again rejoined his regiment and fought in the battle of Nashville toward the close of the war. He has been a member of three Grand Army Posts, T. J. Mercer Post at Chester Hill, J. C. Fremont Post at Alliance, and McPherson Post at Niles, Since the war George B. Gilbert has followed mercantile pursuits, at first a a shoe merchant, later as a Singer sewing machine agent at Niles, and then again in the shoe business, but is now retired. He made his home at Niles in 1898. He is a republican, and is affiliated with Mount Olive Lodge of Masons at Chester Hill. At Chester Hill, Ohio, December 22, 1867, George B. Gilbert married Mary Salina Dutton, a daughter of William and Sarah (Matson) Dutton. Her father was of English Quaker ancestry, a direct descendant from the Marquis of Dutton, who left his estate in England to join William Penn at Philadelphia. Sarah Matson was a Virginian by birth, of German-English ancestry of the Lutheran faith. One of her ancestors was Conrad Kremer, a member of Washington's bodyguard. William Dutton was a son of Robert Dutton, one of the first two to vote the abolitionist ticket in Harrison County, Ohio, and as a child William assisted his father in carrying f00d to the slaves on the Underground Railway. William Dutton died at the age of sixty-seven and his wife at the age of eighty-four. Three sons and one daughter were born to the marriage of George B. Gilbert and wife. All three sons became identified with the Standard Boiler & Plate Iron Company of Niles. Alice May Gilbert, the daughter, is a teacher in the Niles High School and lives at home. Edgar Allan Gilbert, who was president and manager of the Standard Boiler & Plate Iron Company of Niles, died April 28, 1920. William Raymond Gilbert, assistant manager of the Standard Boiler & Plate Iron Company, is unmarried and lives at home. George Ralph, engineer of the company, married Christine Thorpe, of Warren, and has two children, Bernard Ralph and Ray Travis. EDGAR ALLAN GILBERT, who died April 28, 1920, had over a quarter century of experience in the steel pipe manufacturing industry of Eastern Ohio, and lhough his career was cut short before he was fifty his ability and leadership had become widely recognized in the Mahoning Valley. He was founder, president and manager of the Standard Boiler and Plate Iron Company of Niles. Edgar Allan Gilbert was born at Chester Hill in Morgan County, Ohio, December 5, 1870. His father is George B. Gilbert of Niles, whose life is reviewed on other pages. To the age of twenty Edgar Allan Gilbert lived in his native town. For two years he was a student in the Ohio State University, and when he left college he returned home, his parents then residing at Alliance. Mr. Gilbert in 1894 entered the drafting department of Reeves Brothers, steel plate manufacturers, and his two years' experience with that firm opened the way for what proved a steady career in plate manufacture. In 1897 he removed to Niles and with two others organized the Niles Boiler Company, serving the company first as engineer and later as manager. In 1905 he organized the Standard Boiler and Plate Iron Company, associated with his brothers, and had the active management of this concern from the time it was a modern plant until it ranked as one of the leading industries of the kind in the Mahoning Valley. From January 24, 1910, until his death Mr. Gilbert also had the executive duties of president of the corporation. His residence at Niles was dignified by other service than in a purely industrial way. For fourteen years he was a member of the school board, part of the time as president. During the World war he was a member of the local draft board. He was one of the two to arrange for the dedicatory services of the McKinley Memorial. Other active interests were represented by his affiliation as a stanch republican, as a member of the Masonic order, the Sons of Veterans, the Chamber of Commerce and the Niles Club. Many friends and business associates felt a keen sense. of loss in his death, which was a special tragedy in the home he loved so well. May 20, 1896, he married Miss Myrtle Harrison, of Alliance, Ohio. Their three children are Edgar Allan, Jr., Dorothy Irene and Beatrice Marian. All the children are graduates of the Niles High School and the daughters are graduates with the class of 1920 from the Emma Willard School for Girls at Troy, New York. The son, Edgar A., Jr., graduated in 1920 from the United States Military Academy at West Point. WILLIAM W. MARSHALL. A man of recognized worth and integrrty, possessing unquestioned business ability, William W. Marshall, county treasurer of Mahoning County, is a fine representative of the native-born citizens of Youngstown, his birth having occurred April 19, 1875, on the lot where he now lives. His father, William H. Marshall, a son of Grover and Martha Ann (Anderson) Marshall, was born in Weathersfield, Trumbull County, Ohio, and there and in Girard spent the earlier years of his life. For a number of years he was an engineer, being first employed on the Erie Railroad, and later on the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railway. After leaving the railroad he was employed as engineer for a time at the Bessemer Steel Plant, continuing with that company until his death October 10, 1903, at the early age of fifty-seven years. Although a stanch republican in politics, he cast one vote during his life for a democrat, and ever after regretted it. Fraternally he belonged to the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, to the Ancient Order of United Workmen, to the Junior Order of American Mechanics, and to the Grand Army of the Republic. To him and his wife, whose maiden name was Sophia Walters, two sons were born, as follows : Fred B., master mechanic at the Columbia Steel Plant in Pittsburg, California; and William W. The mother died May 12, 1918, aged sixty-six years. Acquiring his elementary education in Youngstown, William W. Marshall was graduated from the YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 355 Covington Street School in 1889. Interested in telegraphy, he with five of his boy friends, Clyde Rigby, Maurice Dickson, Lynn Way, Clifford Cover and John Fairbanks, erected a wire connecting various homes, and in operating it soon became skilful telegraphers, and later secured excellent positions as such. William W. Marshall, the subject of this sketch, entered the employ of the Erie Railroad Company as telegraph operator, and during the twenty-eight years he remained in that capacity became very expert, and is regarded as a wizard at the wire. The nominee of the republican party for county treasurer at the election held in 1918, he was elected county treasurer of Mahoning County, and is performing the duties devolving upon him in that office with characteristic ability and fidelity. He has held several positions with the Erie Railroad Company, having served in the accounting department, and at the termination of his services was crew dispatcher. On June 29, 1918, Mr. Marshall was united in marriage with Anna K., daughter of Louis Lockhart, of Ellwood City, Pennsylvania. Religiously both Mr. and Mrs. Marshall are members of the Belmont Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church. Fraternally Mr. Marshall belongs to Mahoning Lodge No. 52, Knights of Pythias, and having been through all the chairs of the local organization is a member of the Grand Lodge. He is likewise affrliated by membership with the Protected Home Circle, and with the Loyal Order of Moose. CHARLES F. HENRY. Plumbing in these days of modern methods can scarce be classed as a trade, but should rank with the arts and sciences, so much skill and deftness being required in the business, which is one of major importance, and with which Charles F. Henry of Youngstown is actively associated, being one of the best known and busiest plumbers of the city. He was born in Weathersfield, Trumbull County, Ohio, February 5, 1872, a son of Jacob Henry, who was brought from Germany, his native land, to the United States by his parents while he was yet an infant. Brought up in Pennsylvania, Jacob Henry engaged in mining when young, and while living in Weathersfield was superintendent of the Packard Mines. Coming from there to Youngstown, he was "mine host" at the old Germania Hotel for a time, later, under Marshal Cowley, serving on the police force until his death in 1901, at the age of fifty- three years. His wife, whose maiden name was Rachel Krimmer, survived him, marrying for her second husband Charles Pettit, of Youngstown. Brought up on the west side of Youngstown, Charles F. Henry attended the Wood and Front Street schools, paying good attention to his lessons during the long terms, and being just a boy during the vacations, swimming and fishing at the dam. At the age of fifteen years he began working in the steel plants, and at the age of eighteen years entered the employ of L. B. Scheibel, a Youngstown pioneer, and one of its best citizens, and under his instruction served an apprenticeship at the plumber's trade, becoming an expert and skillful workman. After working for Mr. Scheibel nineteen years, and becom ing acquainted with every detail concerning the different branches of plumbing, Mr. Henry established himself in business on his own account, opening a shop on Market Street, and has met with unquestioned success in his venture, having installed plumbing in many of the larger buildings and residences of the Mahoning Valley, his work being invariably satisfactory, both to himself and to his patrons. Mr. Henry married, September 5, 1900, Bessie, daughter of Joseph and Mary (Cole) Sutton, and they have one child, Myrtle Henry. Both Mr. and Mrs. Henry are worthy members of Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically Mr. Henry supports the principles of the republican party by voice and vote. Fraternally he is a thirty-second degree Mason, belonging to Lodge, Chapter, Commandery and Shrine ; and is also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He belongs to the Builders' Exchange. J. HOWARD BOTHWELL. Having made a special study of the science of electricity, the immense power of which is as yet but little understood, J. Howard Bothwell, proprietor of the Bothwell Electrical Shop, at No. 7 Wick Avenue, is a skillful workman, and has contributed his full quota toward equipping with electrical conveniences and devices houses, schools, churches, banks and public and private business buildings in both Eastern Ohio and Western Pennsylvania. Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he grew to manhood in Louisville, Kentucky, where he secured a good education, first attending the Hill sch00ls evenings, and later studying at the Taylor Institute, earning the money to pay his tuition therein. Since coming to Youngstown Mr. Bothwell has taken many special courses of study along electrical lines, one course having been in the Young Men's Christian Association, which furnishes exceptionally fine educational advantages to the youths of this generation. Having acquired a good technical knowledge of electricity and a grip full of needed tools, he started in business on his own account, locating first at the old Wick Homestead on Market Street. Succeeding from the first, Mr. Bothwell has since made many moves, each change having been to more commodious quarters and brought about by his extensive and constantly growing business. He has supplied the electrical work in the Young Men's Christian Association Building; in the Hippodrome Theatre ; the McElroy Building; all of the Jewish temples of the city; many of the churches and public schools ; and many of the better class of private residences ; and has worked in various other places in the state, having wired many residences and public buildings in Ravenna, Ohio, and having installed all of the electric conveniences of Hiram College. Public spirited and influential, Mr. Bothwell takes an intelligent interest in city, county and state affairs, his special effort, however, being to establish and maintain decency in politics. Prominent in Masonry, he belongs to Lodge, Chapter and Commandery. He is also a member of the Knights of Pythias; of the Dramatic Order, Knights of Khorassan, of the Youngstown Engineers' Club, of the Chamber of Commerce, of the Builders' Exchange, of the Kiwanis Club ; and has served as president of the or- 356 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY ganization of Ohio Contractors. He played his part in the activities of the recent World war and was a member of the American Detective Association, formed during that period to detect disloyalty whereever it might be lurking. Mr. Bothwell married, in 1911, Pearl M. Moreman, a daughter of Samuel and Mary Moreman, and they are the parents of three children, Mildred, J. Howard, Jr., and Marjory. Both Mr. and Mrs. Bothwell are valued members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. ADAM T. WYMER Without question Adam L. Wymer is one of the most widely experience, competent and expert men in the general building trades located at Youngstown. There is hardly any type of construction work and hardly any materral in which he has not had ample and successful experience. Mr. Wymer is president of the Wymer-Harris Construction Company, general contractors, at Youngstown. While his career has been an unusually successful one, his friends further emphasize his sterling character as an American citizen, one who believes and practices that the welfare of his country and its people is superior to all personal and private considerations. Mr. Wymer was born in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, August 21, 1864, son of Adam and Nancy (Shiever) Wymer, both now deceased. His father was a Pennsylvania soldier in the Union armies during the Civil war, being a member of Company C, One Hundredth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, known as the Roundheads. He spent his active career as a farmer, and about 1873 moved with his family from Pennsylvania to Lowellville, Ohio. He died in 191o, at the age of seventy-four. Adam L. Wymer was one of a large family of children. He acquired his education partly in Pennsylvania and partly at Lowellville, Ohio. As a boy he showed not only ability to work but an unlimited energy and initiative. Mr. Wymer has never sought the easy part. Several years he worked in the woods and in lumber camps, increased his experience in shops and mills, has built roads, bridges, residences, shops and mills, churches and theaters, and has not only used lumber, but concrete, stone and brick as materials of construction. He has a technical knowledge of practically every phase of the building game, and is also competent on the commercial side in making, handling and carrying out of contracts. He has dealt with all kinds of people and has been interested in politics both as a voter and office holder. Through varied fortunes and experiences he has kept his rudder true, and people esteem him for his reliability and integrity as much as for his business success. From 1882 to 1887 Mr. Wymer was employed in the shop of the Morse Bridge Company. After that he was with the Variety Iron Works of Cleveland, and subsequently worked for the Shiffier Bridge Company of Pittsburgh and with the Youngstown Bridge Company as superintendent of erection, and finally with the American Bridge Company. For these corporations he performed work in all parts of the United States. Later he began contracting individually and in the Wymer-Harris Construction Company he has built up an organization adequate to handle practically every branch of general contracting, including the erecting and repairing of bridge and structural work, all kinds of concrete work, paving, etc. Mr. Wymer has served the county of Mahoning two terms as county commissioner, part of the time as chairman of the board. He was also a member of the commission which erected the magnificent court house at Youngstown. He is a republican, and his services as an organizer have brought much good to his party in Mahoning County. Several years ago he was president of the Republican Club, and when he resigned the club was strong in membership and on a sound financial basis. In 1888 Mr. Wymer married Miss Mary Boag, daughter of Robert Boag, and a native of Scotland. At her death she left three children: Robert, who married Dorothy Johnson, and they have one child, Robert, Jr.; Nellie E. wife of J. H. Hallberg, of Youngstown; and E., E., wife of D. Gordon Phillips. Mr. Wymer is deservedly proud of the record of his son Robert, now secretary of the Wymer-Harris Construction Company. Early in the war with Germany he entered Camp Sherman, later was sent to Camp Grant, and went overseas to France with the Thirty-fifth Engineers. He was in France fifteen months, most of the time engaged in railroad construction. He returned to this country in April, 1919, and received his honorable discharge on the 15th of May. In 1900 Mr. Wymer married Mary E. Richards, daughter of James Richards. They have four children, Christina Virginia, James Monroe, Theodore Roosevelt and Doris June. The family are members of the United Presbyterian Church. Mr. Wymer is a charter member of Haselton Lodge, Knights of Pythias, and is also affiliated with the Red Men, Sons of Veterans, Junior Order of United American Mechanics and the Elks. He has built many houses on his own account and while housing has been at a premium he has patriotically restrained from anything that might suggest profiteering and has held rents down to a figure considerably below the scale which would reflect the unusual demand. At the present time Mr. Wymer is constructing a number of summer homes on Lake Erie at Conneaut, Ohio. RAY C. MILLIKIN. Notable among the fine stock farms of t e a coning Valley is the Maryvale Farm in Hubbard Township of Trumbull County. The general manager is Ray C. Millikin, whose long training and study have made him an expert in animal husbandry and the practical dairy industry. The owner of the Maryvale Farm is Jonathan Warner. The farm is seven miles north of Youngstown and comprises 400 acres in a body. Jerseys and Shorthorn cattle, Percheron horses and Shropshire sheep have given the chief reputation to Maryvale. Dairying is an incidental but profitable feature. The farm has exhibited many fine Jersey cattle and Percheron horses. It owned Oxford Majesty's Gipsy, the only Jersey cow to win two Grand Championships in succession. At the head of the Shorthorn herd is Imp. Queen's Guard, also a champion winner, and the Great Imp. Stallion Mitral, who was never YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 357 defeated in competition in France or America. Logosea is a grand champion mare, and there are altogether seven thoroughbred Percheron mares. Mr. Millikin assumed the responsibilities of general manager of Maryvale in September, 1919, after a previous year of subordinate service on the farm. He has eight assistants under him. For at least a quarter of a century his work has been handling and breeding registered livestock. He was born in Champion Township of Trumbull County, November 9, 1879, a son of George W. and Mary J. (Creed) Millikin. His father, who was born in Ontario, Canada, June 5, 1845, came as a boy to Ohio with his parents, Alexander and Mary J. Millikin, who settled in North Bloomfield Township, where they lived to old age. George Millikin about 1882 located on a farm on the Canfield road just outside the City of Youngstown, and for a quarter of a century was a successful breeder of Hereford beef cattle and Holstein dairy stock. He made a high reputation as a breeder and was frequently appointed judge at county and state fairs. About six years ago he moved into the City of Youngstown and was elected a member of the Council, taking his seat January 1, 1920. In that post of honor he died February 17, 1920. He was a republican. His widow is living at home on Williamson Avenue. There are three children : Bert A., Maude, wife of P. B. Riblet, of Youngstown, and Ray. Ray Millikin after getting his education continued in business with his father for several years. He then entered the milk business as a producer and distributor, and for five years helped supply the Youngstown market with pure milk. For a year he was connected with the Walter Brown Stock farm, and then came to Maryvale. At the age of twenty- four he married Miss Nina Crum, of Frederick, Maryland. They have four children : Madeline Margaret, Harry Leroy, Walter Crum and George W. GUSTAVE KAHN was one of Youngstown's prominent industrial men called to the service of the Government during the late war. He has long been prominent in the iron and steel industry, and rose from steam fitter's apprentice to his present responsibilities as vice president and general manager of sales of the Truscon Steel Company. He was born in a Rhine province of Germany, March 17, 1871. When he was five years of age his parents, Joseph and Rosalie (Cohen) Kahn, removed to Luxemburg, and six years later came to America in order to better their condition and give their children the opportunities of growing up in a land of liberty. Gustave Kahn as a boy appreciated what it meant to be an American, and, thoroughly in sympathy in ideals and practice with our American institutions, he has been at pains to rear his own children in the faith of undiluted Americanism. He spent his own boyhood from the age of ten at Detroit and attended public schools there. When eleven he began earning his own living as cash boy in a department store. Later he worked in an optical store. At the age of fifteen he was peddling spectacles and jewelry through the country. Desiring to have a permanent line, he started to learn steam fitting, and the skill he showed in that trade promoted him to foreman of the establishment where he was employed. Later he engaged in business for himself at Detroit, and subsequently was manager of sales for the Detroit Furnace and Heater Company, and finally sales engineer for the American Blower Company. At the organization of the Truscon Steel Company in 1898 Mr. Kahn had an active part in putting the affairs of the company on a sound basis, and subsequently was made sales manager of the Canadian company. Eventually he became president and general manager of that plant. His home has been in Youngstown since 1914 and his duties those of vice president and general manager of sales of the Truscon Steel Company. During the period of the war he spent much of his time in Washington without remuneration, serving on the Board of Four which represented all the concrete steel industry of the country. Mr. Kahn is a member of the Masonic Order, is a Rotarian, and a member of the Rodef Sholem congregation. Mr. Kahn is deservedly proud of his fine family. On July 27, 1898, he married Fannie Mandelbaum Sloman, of Detroit. Their five children are named Cheri, Frederick, Leon, Dorothy and Arnold. Cheri is now a mechanical engineer with the Morgan- Wright Company of Detroit. Frederick graduated from the Naval Academy at Annapolis and is now an ensign in the United States Navy. Leon is a student in the Kemper Military Institute of Boonville, Missouri ; Dorothy is attending St. Joseph's Academic High School at Youngstown, while Arnold is a student in the Yale Preparatory School. HENRY H. HOFFMAN. Steadily through a period of nearly thirty years Henry H. Hoffman has held faithfully to one occupation and position of service in Niles, that of a retail dry goods merchant. His career has been one of more than ordinary success, proportionate to the persistence and energy he has put into it. His place of business is easily identified as the establishment of the H. H. Hoffman Company. This is a concern of long and honorable history at Niles. It was established many years ago by W. A. Thomas & Brothers, was subsequently conducted under the firm name of Thomas & Hoffman, the partners being Ira A. Thomas and Henry H. Hoffman, and still later was incorporated as the Thomas & Hoffman Company in 1906. Since 1908 the H. H. Hoffman Company has been the corporate title. It has always been a distinctively retail dry goods store, and the business at present operates on a capital of fifty thousand dollars. Mr. Henry H. Hoffman is president and treasurer, while the two other members are his second cousins, Frank 0. Hoffman, vice president, and Homer H. Hoffman, secretary. The younger members began their connection with the business as clerks when it was known as the Thomas & Hoffman Company, Upon the organization of the H. H. Hoffman Company they became financially interested. Henry H. Hoffman, who came to Niles in November, 1892, was born on a farm in Columbiana County, Ohio, near Alliance, January 15, 1872. His parents were Henry T. and Susannah (Weaver) Hoffman, the former a contractor and builder. Many of the red 358 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY barns for which Columbiana County is famous were constructed by him. 'Henry H. Hoffman was six months old when his mother was killed by a bolt of lightning, and he was reared in the home of his uncle, John W. Weaver. As a boy he had experiences helping work a farm, and acquired his education in the neighboring district schools. He early learned telegraphy, though he never followed the trade to any extent. The foundation of his business career was laid as clerk in the wholesale dry goods and notions house of George Ickes of Alliance. Later, through the influence and persuasion of W. A. Thomas, he came to Niles, and for about a quarter of a century has been identified with the business first established by the Thomas Brothers. Mr. Hoffman is also vice president of the McKinley Savings & Loan Company and a director in the Niles Trust Company. He has taken part in those organizations of business men and citizens designed to promote the social and material welfare of the city, including the Niles Club, the Trumbull Country Club, the Niles Chamber of Commerce. He is a Royal Arch Mason and a member of the Presbyterian Church. June 25, 1895, Mr. Hoffman married Miss Pearl M. Tibbetts, of Niles. FRANCIS M. LILLIE. Of those improvements that make the modern city, including sewer systems, paved streets, water works and other technical engineering undertakings, undoubtedly the foremost authority on Youngstown's development during the past thirty years is Francis M. Lillie, the present city engineer. Mr. Lillie has been identified with the city engineering department of the Youngstown government since the early '90s, and has been a resident of the city since 1881. He was born at Bainbridge in Geauga County, Ohio, February 15, 1855, son of William A. and Laura (Roberts) Lillie. His father was a native of Connecticut and of early French Huguenot ancestry. The Lillie family was planted in New England as early as 1640 and for many generations their home was in Connecticut. William A. Lillie was a student and reader all his life, and his intellectual inclinations first led him to prepare for the bar, but he abandoned that and became a minister of the Christian Church. After leaving Geauga County he bought a farm on Mentor Plams in Lake County, Ohio, and for a few years before his death, which occurred in 1887, when he was seventy-one years of age, he lived at Willoughby, Ohio. He was a very stanch republican in politics. His first wife, Laura Roberts, died in 1864 and he afterwards married Orissa Waite, of Willoughby. Francis M. Lillie was one of a family of two sons and four daughters. His only living sister is Florence, a resident of St. Paul, Minnesota. Francis M. Lillie attended country schools in Lake County, and graduated from Oberlin College in 1880. While graduation from that institution meant that he was well equipped with a liberal education, it was immediately necessary for him to get into business or some self sustaining work. In search of an opportunity he came to Youngstown. The optimistic spirit of the people of that then village impressed him strongly and favorably, and nothing in subsequent years has changed his early opinions of the community or daunted his loyalty to his home city. He was first employed here in railroad construction on the Pittsburg & Western, when that road was being built by C. H. Andrews from Youngstown to Akron. Later he was with the Department of Maintenance in the Pennsylvania Railroad four years, and resigned railroad work to become assistant to the city engineer of Youngstown. He entered upon the duties of that office in 1891, and has been steadily employed in studying and solving the engineering problems of the city ever since. Some items from his individual experience give a graphic idea of the growth of Youngstown during the last thirty years. In that time the sewerage system has been built from a total length of 18 miles to 180 miles, while 12 miles of paved streets in 1890 has now been lengthened to 158 miles. Mr. Lillie planned and constructed the filter plant, one of the first in the United States, and the model for many others. He also planned the Milton dam, creating the reservoir that furnishes Youngstown its pure water. Youngstown when he came here had about 15,000 population and the only means of getting from the Crab Creek district to Brier Hill was by horse car. In 1900 Mr. Lillie married Mary Whitehead, daughter of William Whitehead. Their three children are Laura, Anna Belle and Eleanor. Mr. and Mrs. Lillie are members of the Unitarian Church and fraternally he is a Mason. GEORGE CLERMONT BRADEN. Prominent among the men who have been factors in the remarkable growth and development of Warren during the present decade is George C. Braden, who, as an individual and as secretary of the Board of Trade, has unselfishly labored to promote the welfare of the city both as an industrial and business center and as a home-owning community. The Braden family has been in America for over 100 years and in the Mahoning Valley for four generations. The American ancestor of the family was Andrew Braden, who was a native of County Fermanagh, Ireland, born in 1756. He married Mary Wallace in 1796, and immigrated in 1816, landing at St. Johns, New Brunswick. Six weeks after landing he proceeded to Philadelphia, later going to Beaver County, Pennsylvania, and made permanent settlement near Old Brighton, that county. He had learned and worked at the tanners' trade in Ireland, and he continued to work at his trade in this country. George Braden, son of Andrew and Mary (Wallace) Braden, was born in Ireland, and was a boy when the family came to America. He learned the making of brick and cutting of stone at Old Brighton, Pennsylvania, and in 1828 he came into the Mahoning Valley. Later on he bought a farm of 165 acres in Greene Township, Trumbull County, where he spent the remainder of his life. He married Sarah McCartney. James Braden, son of George and Sarah (McCartney) Braden, was born on the Braden farm in Greene Township in 1840 and died in 1914. He married Miriam Cory, the daughter of Cyrus Cory, YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 359 who was a native of Vermont, from which state he came to Trumbull County at an early date. She was born in Greene Township in 1841 and died in 1911. James Braden was a farmer and cheese manufacturer. He marketed his cheese at Warren, Niles, Youngstown and, in fact, all over the Mahoning Valley, and both he and his products became widely and favorably known. In August, 1864, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Seventy-Seventh Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served in the Civil war until mustered out in July, 1865. George C. Braden, son of James and Miriam (Cory) Braden, was born in the Braden homestead on August 8, 1868. He was educated in the schools of Cortland and Warren, and taught public school for four years. From 1890 to 1903 he was engaged in newspaper work. He was elected and re-elected as a republican county recorder, serving from 1904 to 1908, inclusive. The election of Gen. Charles Dick to the United States Senate caused a vacancy in the lower house of Congress, to fill which vacancy the Hon. W. Aubrey Thomas, of Niles, was nominated for the unexpired term, and Mr. Braden was closely identified with Mr. Thomas' interests during the campaign and after election became his private secretary, and so continued until 1910, in which year he was appointed postmaster at Warren. He served as postmaster for five years, and it was during that time the Warren Board of Trade was reorganized and Mr. Braden was asked to become its secretary. At the same time Mr. 0. R. Grimmesey was chosen president of the organization. Both accepted the positions and both have since continued at the head of the board, in the work of which they have rendered invaluable and unselfish service to the board and through it to the city, and the board of directors has shown its appreciation of its president and secretary by declining to elect their successors. Each year the board holds its annual meeting, at which its officers should be elected, and Messrs. Grimmesey and Braden tender their resignations, but each time the meeting is adjourned without action being taken on the question of the election, or even of a re-election of a president and secretary. Through his work as secretary of the Board of Trade Mr. Braden has greatly contributed to the growth and welfare of Warren, and it is generally agreed that to his efforts, as much as to those of any other one man, the city is indebted for its development into a business and industrial center second to no city of its size in the entire country. Mr. Braden's business interests are extensive and diversified. He was one of the incorporators of the Wick Securities Company, which built the Arcade Building, the Market House and the Wick, March and Braden blocks. He was one of the incorporators of The Hippodrome Building Company, which built the Hippodrome office and theater block ; he was one of the incorporators and is treasurer of the Electric City Realty Company which built the Electric Block ; he was one of the incorporators of the Warren Building & Investment Company, which was incorporated with a capital of $1,000,000, and which is building apartment houses and residences in an endeavor to solve the housing problem ; he was one of the incorporators of and is treasurer of the Trumbull Securities Company, organized for the purpose of attracting outside capital to Warren for development purposes; he is a director in the Union Savings & Trust Company ; he is secretary and treasurer of the Wick Securities Company, treasurer of the Electric City Realty Company, treasurer of the Warren Hippodrome Building Company and secretary of the Warren Building & Investment Company. During the World war activities Mr. Braden served as secretary and one of the trustees of the Trumbull County War Chest Association, and also served as a member of the Trumbull County Food Committee. He is a member of Old Erie Lodge No. 3, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons ; Warren Commandery No. 39, Knights Templar, and Al Koran Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, of Cleveland; Independence Lodge No. 98, Knights of Pythias. and Warren Lodge of Elks No. 295. On September 17, 1887, Mr. Braden was united in marriage with Elizabeth Meredith, who was born at Hubbard, Ohio, the daughter of Joseph and Margaret (Thomas) Meredith, and to them was born one son, Frank Charles Braden, who is now eastern salesmanager with headquarters in New York City, for the Victor Rubber Company of Springfield, Ohio. He married Grace Acheson, daughter of Joseph and Maude Acheson, of Warren, the father now deceased. To. Frank C. Braden and wife a son and daughter have been born: George C. (II), and Elizabeth (II). ANTHONY B. CALVIN has rounded out twenty years of successful law practice and service on the bench at Youngstown. An important share of those honors that form the best reward for the able lawyer have come to Judge Calvin. He was born in Mahoning County, March 13, 1877, son of Luther B. and Leah (Wisler) Calvin. The Calvins were pioneers of Mahoning County, while the Wisler were early settlers in Columbiana County. Judge Calvin grew up on his father's farm, and his education in the district schools was supplemented by a high school course and in 1897 he graduated A. B. from Northeastern Ohio Normal College at Canfield. He read law with Judge J. R. Johnston of Youngstown, and in 1900 graduated LL. B. from the law school of the State University at Columbus. Upon his admission to the bar he returned to Youngstown and formed a partnership with Judge Johnston. This continued until 1905, when Mr. Calvin was elevated to the bench of the Criminal Court. For five years he had the heavy cares and responsibilities of administering that important branch of the local judiciary, and he performed his duties with the highest degree of credit and impartiality, but at the end of that time was not a candidate for re-election and took up the general practice of law, which he has continued now for ten years. He also served four years in the city council, being vice president of the body. Since retiring from the bench Judge Calvin has practiced law with offices in the Wick Building. He has served as trustee of the Northeastern Ohio Normal College. A republican in politics, he is a member of the Masonic Order and other fraternal societies and of the Poland Country Club. September 9, 1908, he married Miss Fern E. Um- 360 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY stead. Their only son, David U., born June 8, 1910, died October 31, 1916. John. C. Umstead, father of Mrs. Calvin, is a widely known citizen of Mahoning County, now retired and living at Pleasant Grove on the Market Street Extension. He was born in Goshen Township, Mahoning County, May 23, 1854, son of Robert F. and Minerva J. (Morris) Umstead. The Umsteads are descended from Holland Dutch ancestry who were early settlers in Pennsylvania. John C. Umstead attended the common schools of his native township, served an apprenticeship at the blacksmith's trade, and for a number of years conducted a smithy in the rural districts of Mahoning County. From the routine of a profitable business which he had built up by years of skillful work he was called in 1913 to the office of sheriff of Mahoning County, and in those responsibilities, involving many important duties, he served two terms of two years each and gave the tax payers of the county a most creditable administration. He is a republican and has served on the County Republican Committee several times. Fraternally he is a York and Scottish Rite Mason, a member of Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Cleveland, is an Odd Fellow, and is a charter member of North Jackson Lodge No. 343, Knights of Pythias, in which he has held several of the chairs. November 12, 1882, Mr. Umstead married Miss Jennie Bright, a native of Ohio. Their oldest child is Fern Ethel, wife of A. B. Calvin. Mrs. Umstead's maternal great-grandfather was Caleb Baldwin, who fought in the Revolutionary war, Her father was for three years a soldier during the Rebellion. REV. JOHN KLUTE While Youngstown now has a score or more of Catholic churches and other institutions, one of the oldest of the group is St. Joseph's, and likewise one of the oldest in continuous service of the local priesthood is its pastor, Rev. John Klute. St. Joseph's Church was established to give a special place of worship for the Catholic Germans in Youngstown, who had formerly attended St. Columba's. About fifty families were comprised in the first parish as established in March, 1870, with Rev. Peter Becker as their first pastor. Father Becker secured the ground at Wick and West Rayen avenues, still the location of St. Joseph's. He put up a small brick church, dedicated in the summer of 1870. Father Becker was followed by several local pastors and at different times St. Joseph's was also conducted as a mission from Hubbard, until Rev. John Klute entered upon his long service in August, 1883. A year or so previously the project of a new and larger church had been launched, the cornerstone having been laid by Bishop Gilmour on September 4, 1881. While the interior was incomplete, the church was in use from the fall of 1882. It was the labors and energy of Father Klute that rapidly transformed the building and made it a beautiful environment for religious worship. t arly in his pastorate, on July 20, 1884, the church was dedicated by Bishop Gilmour. At that time the parish comprised only eighty families and the church was built at a cost of about $30,000. Father Becker had also established a parochial school in 1870, and the first church building was remodeled to serve as a school in 1883. In 1890 other ground for a school site was secured at a cost of over $8,000, and in 1893 a modern brick school, three stories, was completed at a cost of $15,000. The pastoral residence was built by Father Klute in 1900. Rev. John Klute, who has been zealous in his work at Youngstown for over thirty-five years, was born in- Westphalia, Germany, October 17, 1847, son of Henry and Gertrude Klute. He was the only one of their seven children to come to America. He was educated in a college at Cologne, came to Cleveland in June, 1870, and for four years was a student in St. Mary's Seminary. He was ordained August 8, 1874, by Bishop Richard Gilmour. His work for several years was attending missions in various counties of Northwestern Ohio. In 188o he took charge of the churches at Hubbard and Vienna in Trumbull County, and on August is, 1883, entered upon the duties as pastor of St. Joseph's parish in Youngstown. As the above facts indicate Father Klute's work has been wonderfully prospered, and the parish has had good reason to entrust to his administration not only its spiritual affairs but its business management. St. Joseph's is one of the large and prosperous parishes and for years it has been adequate not only for the service of its own members in religious and educational facilities, but has been an institution in the welfare of the entire city. The site of St. Joseph's parochial school it should be remarked was formerly occupied by the residence of Mr. Joseph G. Butler, Jr. JAMES HARMON DENNISON. Six miles north of Youngstown in Hubbard Township of Trumbull County is the farm and country home where the late James. Harmon Dennison spent the most effective years of his life. Mrs. Dennison and a daughter still reside there, and the community has long regarded these good people with special esteem due their honest character and substantial industry. James Harmon Dennison was born in the north part of Hubbard Township, September 14, 1843, a son of John and Susan (Fite) Dennison. The mother died when her two children, James H. and Elizabeth, were young. Elizabeth afterward married Mr. Passmore of Hubbard. John Dennison married for his second wife Margaret Wilson, and the children of that marriage were: Albert, a carpenter, who died at Warren; Lucius, of Liberty Township; Margaret who died in Youngstown; Ralph and John, both of whom reside in California. John Dennison's third wife was Hulda Bushnell, of Sharon. She survived him. John Dennison was born June 4, 1818, and died July 5, 1889. He was a carpenter by trade, though he always had a home on a farm. James Harmon Dennison, being a child at the death of his mother, was reared with his sister in the home of their grandparents Fite. At the age of eighteen he left home. He was educated in the seminary at Farmington and in the Iron City Business College at Pittsburgh, and for about thirty years was one of the county's most proficient teach- YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 361 ers. He taught both in early life and during his mature years, spending his winters in school and farming in the summer. December 31, 1867, Mr. Dennison married Florinda McFall, of Coitsville Township, daughter of Robert and Barbara (Augustine) McFall. The McFalls were neighbors of the noted McGuffey family, one of whom was the author of the celebrated series of McGuffey school readers. The McFalls lived near Geography School House on McGuffey Road. Geography School House was so called by its pupils, since it was built to facilitate the study of geography. The desks were so placed that the pupils faced the north, even though the door had to be placed in the south end of the building away from the road. Florinda McFall was twenty-six years of age at the time of her marriage. About 1870 Mr. and Mrs. Dennison came to the present farm in Hubbard Township. The house already stood there, but Mr. Dennison carried on improvement from year to year and developed a high class farm. Even after he gave up teaching he never: lost his interest in the welfare of schools. He was reared in the United Presbyterian Church at Cedar Corners, but late in life became identified with the Church of the Disciples at the Corner House Church in Hubbard, three miles from his home. He served as clerk, treasurer and elder of the church. Mr. Dennison died February 25, 1912, after having spent more than forty years in one community, where he left a record of honest and resolute purpose and kindly deeds. His children were: Charles R., a Youngstown architect; Mabel, Mrs. Davis Artherholt, of Hubbard Township; Mary, wife of Presly D. Hanna, a farmer of Coitsville Township ; and Emily. Miss Emily Dennison, who remains at home with her mother, has always taken a deep interest in the affairs of her community, its social life, its schools, church and practical charity. CHARLES E. CLEMENS While his farm seven miles south of Warren in Lordstown Township has attained a high degree of value and improvement, and is conducted as a dairy proposition with a fine herd of Holstein cows, Charles E. Clemens is a business man as well as a farmer, and for a number of years was a road and bridge contractor and did a notable share in furthering the good roads program of both Mahoning and Trumbull counties. He is also a former trustee of Lordstown Township. Mr. Clemens spells his family name somewhat differently from his father and other Clemenses, the name usually appearing in the records as Clemmens. This family has been in the Mahoning Valley for a century, and it was established in America in 1775, when Nicholas Clemmens and his wife immigrated from Germany to the American colonies. When they landed in America they were both sold into two years' servitude to pay their passage across the ocean. This was a familiar practice then and for many years later, a fact borne out by the history of many families whose founders crossed the ocean in pioneer times. At the beginning of the Revolutionary war Nicholas Clemmens was offered his liberty if he would serve six months for his master as a soldier. After this term expired he served six months more to free his wife, who had been sold to another party. Having gained personal freedom, he was ready to do his full share toward securing the independence of his adopted country, and was with the Continental forces until the end of the war. He became acquainted with General Washington and was quite a favorite with him as is proved both by family report and by quotations from the biography of Washington, in which the noted general is quoted in these words: "Cheer up, friend Nicholas. Be of good cheer. God will be with us. We will see better times soon." He was also a cook for Washington for several years. At the close of the war Washington gave him a fine cane, which is still in the Clemmens family. During the war his wife was engaged in the bakery business at Philadelphia. After the war they moved to Southwestern Pennsylvania, in Washington County, where Nicholas followed his trade as a miller for about thirty years. He then moved to Boardman Township, Trumbull County, where he died in advanced years. His children were Elizabeth, Nicholas, Daniel, Philip, George and Susannah. Daniel and perhaps one or two other sons were soldiers in the War of 1812. Daniel Clemmens, son of Nicholas, became a blacksmith. December 24, 1815, he married Barbara Stambaugh. Soon afterward they 'came to the Western Reserve, locating in the forests at North Jackson, and in 1822 moved from Boardman to Jackson Township in Mahoning County. By his own industry and the assistance of his family he cleared up a fine farm of 100 acres, where he lived until his death on September 17, 1872. He was noted as an honest and upright citizen and highly respected by all who knew him. His wife died September 5, 1848. She was a very religious woman, and brought up her children with a thorough religious instruction. Her children were: Philip, born June 22, 1817, spent his active life in Champion Township of Trumbull County and died when past seventy; Elizabeth, born May 29, 1819, married a Mr. Ewing and both died in Hancock County, Ohio; Israel, born September 22, 1820, died young; Sarah, born May 25, 1822, became the wife of Isaac Lutchner and died in old age in Champion Township ; William, born July 6, 1824, spent his life in Champion Township, where he died at the age of eighty-five; George, born April 25, 1826, also lived to a good old age and died in Jackson Township; Martin, born May to, 1828, died in Jackson Township at the age of sixty-four; Catherine, born July 16, 1830, became the wife of Samuel Klingensmith and died in Michigan; Henry, born April 16, 1833, died in Jackson Township when past seventy; Jared, whose career is briefly noted in the following paragraphs; Eliza, born January 9, 1838, became the wife of Frank Macklin and died when about sixty years of age in Jackson Township • and Nancy, born July 24, 1840, became the wife of Isaac W. Hewit and died October 29, 1908. Jared Clemmens, who was born April 27, 1835, in Jackson Township, lived to be nearly eighty-five years of age, passing away January 24, 1920. In his early life he assisted his father on the farm, later took charge of the homestead, and in 1865 moved to a farm which he had bought two years before and 362 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY he remained there until about thirteen months before his death, when he came to live with his son Charles. Jared Clemmens married Laura J. Ohl, member of one of the prominent families of Lords- town Township, daughter of Charles and Elizabeth (Robb) Ohl. This family were colonial settlers in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. Her grandfather, Michael Ohl, was born in Lehigh County in 1783 and settled at Austintown in Mahoning County in 1808. Subsequently he laid out the site of Ohltown in Weathersfield Township of Trumbull' County, where he erected a grist mill and oil mill, was also proprietor of a hotel, and remained there until his death in 1857. Charles Ohl, father of Mrs. Jared Clemmens, learned the millwright's trade. He was born in 1807 and spent practically all his life in Ohio. He equipped many mills in the Mahoning Valley, including the Baldwin mills at Youngstown. As a young man he bought land in the southeastern part of Lordstown Township, and had it cleared and improved with excellent buildings. He died there in 1896. His wife, Elizabeth Robb, was the daughter of a pioneer in Berlin Township, and she died in 1873, the mother of six children, Laura being the second. The six children of Jared Clemmens and wife were : Charles E.; Margaret E., wife of Jonathan Kistler, of Lordstown; Elizabeth A., who died at Mineral Ridge, the wife of James McMahan, who afterwards lived at Youngstown; Nancy B., who became the wife of John Bailey, of Newton Township; Mary V., who married Emery Bailey, a brother of John; and John C., a carpenter who died at the age of thirty-two. Charles E. Clemens was born at the old Clemmens homestead in Jackson Township of Mahoning County, September 15, 1861, and when five years of age his parents moved to Lordstown Township, where he was reared and educated. On April 9, 1883, he married Mary Hood, a native of Liberty Township, Trumbull County, and daughter of Isaac and Angeline Hood. Her father was born in Liberty Township and her mother in Austintown, Mahoning County. Her paternal grandparents were Jesse and Catherine (Ohl) Hood. Isaac Hood died at Hartford at the age of sixty-eight. After his marriage Mr. Clemens farmed on the shares until 189o, and then bought a farm in the southeast part of Lordstown Township. In 1903 he came to his present place, the original farm of his maternal grandfather, Charles Ohl, who had settled here in the w00ds as a young man and cut away the timber to make room for his log house. Mr. Clemens' mother was born and reared on this farm. The present house was built by Charles Ohl in 1884 and the barn was constructed by his son William Ohl about fifteen years later. Mr. Clemens came to the farm when William Ohl removed to Warren eighteen years ago. William died at Warren about 1917. The two surviving sons of Charles Ohl are Hiram, a carpenter at Niles ; and John Albert, a farmer in Hartford. On this farm Mr. Clemens carries on his varied industry as an agriculturist, and has been very successful in the dairy business and as a breeder of Holstein cattle. He has always been a stanch advocate of good roads, and for eight years was a contractor, building roads for the county corn missioners of Trumbull and Mahoning counties. During that time he constructed about thirty miles of modern highway. Recently he retired after five years of consecutive service as township trustee. He was on the local school board for nineteen years continuously. Mr. Clemens is a republican and is actively identified with the Farm Bureau and other progressive organizations in his section of the state. Mr. and Mrs. Clemens have two children, Clarence J. and Bernice. Clarence is now a partner with his father on the farm, but lives in a separate home. He married Jessie Young and they have three children, Ralph, Arthur and Wayne. The daughter, Bernice, was for two years a teacher in the schools of Mahoning and Trumbull counties, and is now the wife of Frank Lyntz, formerly a teacher but now in office work at Warren. Mr. and Mrs. Lyntz have two children, Mary and Dorothy. Mr. Clemens and family are active members of the United Brethren Church. His father, Jared, was one of the original members of this congregation, and the Ohl family were also active in the same church. The site of the church was donated by Charles Ohl. The present parsonage was donated by Mr. Charles H. Clemens, who is one of the leading members of the congregation. JOSEPH F. MOORE. Interested in architecture from his youth up, and having a natural aptitude for mechanics, Joseph F. Moore, senior member of the firm known as the Moore-Lamb Construction Company, has made excellent use of his time and talents, and through constant study of the work in which he is so successfully engaged has gained a thorough knowledge of means and methods, and also won a position of distinction among the leading contractors and builders of Youngstown. A native of Ireland, he was born in 1881, in County Mayo, where his parents, Anthony and Bridget (Thornton) Moore, spent their entire lives, being engaged in agricultural pursuits. They were industrious, highly respected people, and worthy members of the Roman Catholic Church, rearing their family of eleven children in the same religious faith. The oldest child of the parental household, Joseph F. Moore, obtained the rudiments of his education in the schools of his home town, becoming especially proficient in mathematics. Having learned the carpenter's trade when young, he was ambitious to become a master builder, and made a study of all books he could get hold of pertaining to structural work. Immigrating to the United States in 1903, Mr. Moore located in Cleveland, where his uncle, M. J. Moore, was the sergeant on the police force. He began work with the street car company, receiving $1.60 a day for his services, and attended school evenings, taking special instruction in construction work. He subsequently secured work as a carpenter in the Cleveland parks, and was later employed by John Gill & Company in the Government Building, and was afterwards superintendent of work under George A. Griebel. In 1910 Mr. Moore accepted a position as superintendent for Heller Brothers of Youngstown, and in that capacity built the South High School and YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 363 the Princeton school buildings ; the city hall; the Tod House; and as superintendent erected the McKelevey store building. Forming a corporation with Thomas F. Lamb and others in 1916, Mr. Moore became head of the Moore-Lamb Construction Company, which has since filled many contracts of importance. Among the other buildings this enterprising firm has erected mention may be made of St. Edward's Church and schools; the Knott residence; the Mahoning Foundry warehouse; the Gordon school building in East Youngstown; the Realty Trust Building; the B. McManus residence; and other city buildings, in addition having rebuilt the Maloney Block. Mr. Moore married, in 1908, Mary Malvey, who Was born in County Lietrim, Ireland, in 1885. Five children have been born of their union, one of whom, Francis, died in infancy, and four are living, namely, Catherine, Joseph, Jr., Anna and Charles. Religiously Mr. Moore and his family are members of St. Columba's Church. Fraternally Mr. Moore belongs to the Knights of Columbus; to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks; to the Kiwanis Club; to the Youngstown Club and he also is a member of various commercial organizations, being ever interested in the improvement and welfare of the community. A. PHILE WATSON. As secretary of the Iron City Lumber company, A. Phile Watson is conspicuously identified with one of the more active and enterprising industrial concerns of Youngstown, this prosperous firm having begun business on a very modest scale and through the efficiency of its officers having established an enormous trade in lumber and building supplies of all kinds, its patronage extending far and wide. 0. E. Hawk, president of the company, which was incorporated in 1911, is a man of superior intelligence and ability, and in the management of the business has met with signal success. A Pennsylvanian by birth, A. P. Watson was born in 1859 in Middlesex, and there grew to manhood. His father, the late Alonzo Watson, was born and reared in New York State, and as a young man served bravely in the Civil war, being located a part of the time at Fort Alexander. He was afterward engaged in agricultural pursuits during his years of activity. He attained a ripe old age, his birth having occurred in 1837, and his death in 1912. His wife whose maiden name was Sarah Marstellar, was born in Shenango Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, in 1836, and died in 1997. Both she and her husband were devout members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The second child in succession of birth in a family of six children, A. Phile Watson spent his early life on the home farm, attending Mud College, a local district school, three months each year until attaining the age of twenty years. On January 16, 1882, he entered the employ of the Andrews Brothers at Haselton, but at the end of six weeks accepted a better position in the old Andrews Brothers Company store and sold goods for a year. He was subsequently with the Bixler Baking Company until 1884, when he became an assistant in the shipping department of the Andrews Brothers Company Roll ing Mill, with which he continued until that plant became merged into the Republic Mill in 1899. Having been made superintendent of a department in that mill, Mr. Watson had the distinction of shipping the first car of finished stock ever shipped in the name of the Republic Iron & Steel Company. Mr. Watson was afterwards associated with various concerns, including the Empire Iron & Steel Company, and the Youngstown Ice Company, with which he remained three years. Since 1911 he has been associated with the Iron City Lumber Company, of which he is secretary, and has contributed his full share in making it one of the largest concerns of the kind in this section of the country, the building supplies which it has handled having been enough to have created a large city. Mr. Watson was united in marriage with Daisy, daughter of William Carman. Both Mr. and Mrs. Watson are active and valued members of the Christian Church. Politically he is a stanch republican; fraternally he belongs to the Knights of Pythias; and he is likewise a member of the Chamber of Commerce and of the Youngstown Credit Association. ARTHUR H. WILLIAMS. A young man of exceptional worth and abrlrty, energetic and progressive, Arthur H. Williams, of Youngstown, is actively interested in the advancement of local affairs, and in whatever official position he may be called upon to serve his city it can be assured of receiving his best efforts. It will here be noted that in the fall of 1919 he was nominated, without opposition, as the republican candidate for city auditor. A son of Thomas B. Williams, he was born in Youngstown, on the west side, of Welsh ancestry. Born in Wales in 1857, Thomas B. Williams immigrated to the United States in 1877, locating first in Youngstown, and resuming the work of coal mining, with which he had become familiar in his native land. He subsequently spent some time in the coal mines of the West, but returned to Youngstown, his present home. He married Mary Jones, also a native of Wales, and to them three children have been born, namely: Edna, wife of Judge David G. Jenkins, of Youngstown; Arthur H. the special subject of this brief sketch; and Russell, a recent graduate of the South High School, now reading law. After his graduation from the South High School with the class of 1914, Arthur H. Williams worked for a time in the Reed Drug Store, earning money to further advance his education. Subsequently, under Daniel Jones, he was assistant city auditor until the United States entered the World war, when he enlisted. His record in chemistry while a student, and his later work in the drug store, fitted Mr. Williams for a peculiar service, and he was sent to an arsenal located about eighteen miles from Baltimore, Maryland, where he was engaged in making mustard gas until receiving his discharge in January, 1919. He has since resided in Youngstown, and in the fall of 1919, at the primary election, he was nominated for city auditor on the republican ticket, his nomination coming unsolicited and without opposition. Fraternally Mr. Williams is a member of the Masonic Order, having received the thirty-second 364 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY degree in Scottish Rite Masonry. Socially he belongs to the school fraternity, Phi Sigma Phi, and he is also a member of the Youngstown Automobile Club. FRANK W. FUNK, Holding a position of prominence and influence among the foremost mechanical, electrical and mining engineers of Youngstown and vicinity, Frank W. Funk, general superintendent of the Phenix Tube Company, having plants at Warren, Ohio, and Brooklyn, New York, is thoroughly acquainted with every branch of engineering. A son of the late Rev. Abraham L. Funk, he was born November 25, 1886, in Scottdale, Pennsylvania. Rev. Abraham L. Funk, a son of Abraham Funk, was born in Pennsylvania, and was there reared and educated. For thirty-five years of his life he was actively engaged in the ministry, having charge of churches in both Ohio and Pennsylvania. He and his good wife, whose maiden name was Mary Gardner, both passed to the life beyond in 1918, he having lived three score and ten years, while she was but fifty-eight years of age when she died. Two sons blessed their union, namely : Frank W., of whom we write; and John W., who was graduated from the medical department of the Western Reserve University, and is now successfully engaged in the practice of his profession at East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Having laid a substantial foundation for his future education in a preparatory school of Westerville, Ohio, Frank W. Funk worked for a time in the Westinghouse electrical plant in Pittsburgh, there obtaining useful technical knowledge that was of value to him while pursuing his studies at the Ohio State University, from which he was graduated with the class 'of 1908. After leaving college he held positions of more or less importance before entering the employ of the Northern Ohio Traction and Light Company at Akron, Ohio. Coming from there to Youngstown in 1914, Mr. Funk has since filled various positions of responsibility, having served as district engineer for the Republic Railway and Light Company, and as electrical engineer for the Mahoning and Shenango Railway and Light Company. He was at the head of the well known firm of Funk & Crippen, consulting engineers, which had a large patronage, and is president of the Youngstown Engineers Club. On May 9, 1919, the reorganization of the Engineers Club of the Youngstown District, which includes the cities of Sharon and New Castle, Pennsylvania, and Warren, Niles, Girard and Youngstown, Ohio, was completed, and the following-named men were chosen as officers : President, Frank W. Funk ; vice president, W. H. Ramage; secretary, E. R. Rose; treasurer, C. I. Crippen ; chairman of the membership committee, P. H. Zenk. The management of the club is vested in a board of trustees and an executive board, the former being the trustees under the laws governing such incorporated bodies. The chairmen of all standing committees are chosen from the executive board, which consists of the officers and six directors, and the secretary and treasurer are members of both the board of trustees and the executive board. The members include engineers of all branches, chemists, architects, ceramists, metallurgists and special ists, and numbered at the start 625 men of high standing in their several professions. Under the able management of Mr. Funk the club progressed far above the expectations of the originators, great interest having been manifested in the special objects of the organization, which included the professional and economic improvement of the members; the improvement of the engineering profession in the estimation of the public ; and the encouragement of social intercourse among members and the advancement of engineering and kindred sciences. Mr. Funk married, in 1912, Frances A. Waddell, daughter of J. P. Waddell, and they have two children, Frank W., Jr., and Audrey 0. Both Mr. and Mrs. Funk are consistent members of the Evergreen Methodist Church. Mr. Funk is prominent in various engineering societies, among others being an active member of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the Association of Iron and Steel Electrical Engineers, and the Youngstown Engineers Club, of which he was president. JOHN WILLIAMS. A prominent and able representative of the horticultural and floricultural interests of Mahoning County, John Williams is a respected and valued resident of Youngstown, where, as president of the Walker Floral Company, he has charge of an extensive nursery, well filled with a rare and choice collection of plants, roots and bulbs of both foreign and domestic culture. He was born July 4, 1877, at Sodom Coal Mines, where his father, Morgan Williams, was then employed as bookkeeper. Born and reared in the northeastern portion of Ohio about 1847, Morgan Williams spent his comparatively brief life in Mahoning County, his death occurring in Youngstown in 1896. After leaving the Sodom Mines he was for a time employed as bookkeeper in the mercantile establishment of Morgan Jarvis, which occupied the present site of the Dollar Bank Building. He subsequently became accountant in the weigh office of the Valley Mills. He was active in public affairs, for a long time serving as township clerk. To him and his wife, Margaret (Williams) Boen, seven children were born, five of whom are living, as follows : Mary, the widow of Carl Minner ; Almyra, wife of A. J. Wardell, of Youngstown; John, the subject of this sketch; and Owen and Helen, living with their widowed mother, a bright and active woman of sixty-nine years. The two that have passed to the life beyond are Elizabeth, who died in childhood, and Anna, who married Walter Huff, of Youngstown. The mother is a member of the Welsh Congregation, to which the father also belonged. John Williams acquired his education at the Crab Creek School, mostly under the judicious training of Miss Hannah Thorn, who was his teacher for fourteen years. During his vacations he worked for a market gardener, Edward Lindsay, and not only tilled and cultivated the garden and farm, but developed a taste and special interest in plant life of all kinds, his liking for horticulture in its different branches increasing each season, even when working for other agriculturists in the Mahoning Valley. Twenty-two years ago, desirous of acquiring a prac- YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 365 tical knowledge of the art of flower-growing, Mr. Williams entered the employ of a noted florist, John Walker, and has since filled every position in the establishment, from the very lowest to the highest, being now president of the Walker Floral Company. The large plant of this enterprising firm, located on the Hubbard Road, comprises fourteen acres of ground, 45,000 feet of it being under glass, and in its nurseries and greenhouses plants from many parts of the world may be found, the firm's importations coming from Holland, Belgium, France and far-away Japan, and being sold, with its domestic products, not only in Ohio and adjacent states, but in towns and cities far away, distance being no barrier. Mr. Williams married, in 1903, Emma, daughter of Emory Shonce, of Boardman, Ohio, and the household thus established has been brightened by the birth of five children, namely: Gladys, Dale, Margaret, and Alma and Alza, twins. Politically Mr. Williams is a straightforward republican. Fraternally he is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, belonging to Lodge and Encampment. Religiously he and his family are members of the Memorial Presbyterian Church. E. HENRY JONES, M. D. Actively and successfully employed in one of the most useful professions to which a man can devote his time and energies, E. Henry Jones, M. D., occupies a position of note among the leading physicians of Youngstown, and is now rendering the city most acceptable service as coroner of Mahoning County, a position he has held since 1914. A son of Elias Jones, he was born June 24, 1884, in Homestead, Pennsylvania, of honored Welsh ancestry. Born, reared and educated in Wales, Elias Jones began working in the mines as a boy, and after coming to this country was for some time engaged in mining in Pennsylvania and Ohio, first in Coalburg, Ohio, and later at Homestead, Pennsylvania. Coming to Mahoning County, he worked for a time in the Andrews mines and the Wick mines, but for the past thirty years he has been connected with the Youngstown police force, at the present writing, in 1919, being court bailiff. He and his good wife, whose maiden name was Mary Powell, are hale and hearty persons of seventy-six years, and both are active members of the Welsh Congregation, while he is also a member of the Free and Accepted Order of Masons and of the Knights of Pythias. Of the eight children born of their marriage, five are living, as follows : Elizabeth, Hannah, Joseph, Mrs. Charles J. Foht and E. Henry. One of their sons, Dr. Alexander H. Jones, died in France, after having been in the United States service for thirteen months as a dentist, at the age of thirty-one years, his death having been caused by influenza. Dr. A. H. Jones was graduated from the Dental Department of the Ohio State University at Columbus in 1910, and was especially skilled in orthodontia and X-ray work. Enlisting in the United States service during the war as a dentist, he was a part of the time on the battle front, at other times having been stationed at either Saumer or Langres. The seventh child in succession of birth of the parental household, E. Henry Jones completed the course of study in the graded schools of Youngstown and of the Rayen High School. In 1909 he was graduated from the Medical Department of the Ohio State University, having earned the money to pay his college expenses by working in various positions, and spending three years in the sales department of the American Belting Company. After spending a year as resident physician at the Protestant Hospital m Columbus, Doctor Jones located in Youngstown, where he has won an extensive and highly remunerative practice. In 1914 he was elected coroner of Mahoning County, and is now serving his third term in that office. Doctor Jones married, in 1913, Miss Lulu Adele Potts, daughter of Douglas T. Potts, of Barberton, Ohio, and into their home one son, E. Henry Jones, Jr., has been born. Doctor and Mrs. Jones are both members of the Plymouth Congregational Church. Politically. the Doctor is affiliated with the republican party. Fraternally he belongs to the Free and Accepted Order of Masons, to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and to the Knights of Pythias. Professionally he is a member of the Mahoning County Medical Society, of the Ohio State Medical Association and of the American Medical Association. HARRY E. WELCH, M. D. A man of broad mental attainments, keeping in close touch with the most approved modern methods of treating the various diseases to which the human flesh is heir, Harry E. Welch, M. D., of Youngstown, has built up an extensive and lucrative practice, and won for himself a prominent and honored position in the medical profession of Mahoning County. He is distinguished not only as a skillful physician, but as a native-born citizen, his birth having occurred September to, 1861, in Youngstown, on the present site of the United Printing Company on Front Street. Anthony Welch, the Doctor's father, was born and reared in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, but later spent a few years at New Castle, that state. In 1857 he located in Youngstown, coming here when the now populous city was little more than a village, with scant prospects of its present prosperous condition. Enlisting as a soldier during the Civil war, he was stationed for some time at Cumberland Gap, where the Confederates had established a line of defense. After his discharge from the service he returned to Youngstown, and for many years thereafter was employed in the Brown-Bonnell plant. His wife, whose maiden name was Amanda Hubler, died at the age of sixty-seven years, in 1907, and he is now living with his son Harry. He is a worthy member of Trinity Methodist Church. The only child of his parents, Harry E. Welch received excellent educational advantages as a youth, attending first the graded schools, and in 1882 having been graduated from the Rayen High School, in the meantime having worked during his vacations at the Brown-Bonnell plant. Desirous of taking up the study of medicine, he entered the medical department of the Western Reserve University at Cleveland, and was there graduated with the class of 1885. Doctor Welch subsequently spent a few months as resident physician at the Charity Hospital in Cleveland, after which he went to Philadelphia and took 366 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY a post graduate course at the University of Pennsylvania, attending clinics and doing hospital work. The following year he spent in Europe, continuing his studies in both Berlin and Vienna. Returning to Youngstown in the latter part of 1887, Doctor Welch opened an office in the Jewell Block, and began the practice of his profession. Well prepared for his chosen work, he made rapid strides in his career, being successful from the start, his wisdom and skill in dealing with difficult cases gaining for him the trust and confidence of the community, and soon placing him among the leading physicians of the Mahoning Valley. In 1890 the doctor was elected coroner of Mahoning County, and held the office one term. In 1893 he was made health officer, and has served with distinction in that capacity ever since. Doctor Welch has served as president of the Ma- honing Medical Society, and is a member, also, of the Ohio Medical Society and of the American Medical Association and served as president of the Northeastern Ohio Medical Society. During the World war he served on the Medical Advisory Board for the district that included Western Pennsylvania and Eastern Ohio. Doctor Welch married, in 1899, Miss Adelaide Winsper, of Youngstown. Fraternally the Doctor is a member of the Masonic Order, belonging to-lodge, chapter, commandery and consistory; and also to the Knights of Pythias. He is also a member of the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce. Patriotic and public-spirited, he takes especial pride and pleasure in the fact that during his lifetime Youngstown has become one of the business centers of the United States, and that in the advancement of its growth and prosperity he has contributed his full share. LOUIS ADOVASIO. A Youngstown contractor since 1898, the achievements of Louis Adovasio can be read in a number of important municipal works and private and business structures scattered throughout the Mahoning Valley. Mr. Adovasio, who has been a resident of Youngstown thirty years, and is a veteran in all branches of the building and construction trade, was born in Italy, May 25, 1860. He received a good education through his own efforts and was trained as a builder. At one time he was also a contractor and assistant engineer in the Italian armies. Coming to the United States in 1890, Mr. Adovasio has since made his home in Youngstown. He soon found work at his trade and for several years was superintendent for Christian Mauser, a prominent contractor. Gradually he worked into the contracting business for himself. Mr. Adovasio had the contract for the erection of the Milton dam, the big concrete structure which impounds the city water supply of Youngstown. He and his organization have built many residences, schoolhouses and business blocks, and have also done much paving and street building. He laid nine miles of sewer in Niles, and also erected the Carnegie Library building, the McKinley school and the addition to the Oak Street school. As a capitalist he has also built a number of houses for himself. Mr. Adovasio and family are members of Mount Carmel Catholic Church. He married Rosie Mastrafrancisco, who was born in Italy and died September 15, 1916. Mr. Adovasio's children are : Ben, a brick mason at Youngstown ; John Angelo, also a ,brick mason ; Mary, wife of Thomas E. Antonelli, a Youngstown attorney; Jennie and Lucy, still at home. The son John Angelo was a United States soldier in the World war, went to France, and was on the front in some of the hardest fighting during the summer of 1918, including the battle of Argonne Forest. DOUGHERTY & BRENNAN. As plaster contractors, the wide-awake, enterprising firm of Dougherty & Brennan, of Youngstown, is carrying on a very extensive work, its volume of business, according to statistics compiled by the War Board, having been exceeded by but two other firms of the kind in the United States, a fact of which the members may well be proud. Messrs. Dougherty and Brennan are both skilled workmen and artists in their profession, and both are graduates of the Carnegie Technical School in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, though not in the same year. After receiving their diplomas both members entered the employ of McNulty Brothers in Pittsburgh, and served in various capacities, becoming foremen of their departments, and later supervising the construction of work on buildings of importance both in Pittsburgh and in Youngstown. Subsequently these energetic, able business men and co-workers began work on their own account, and as members of the firm of Dougherty & Brennan have filled many large contracts and have established for themselves an enviable reputation for skillful and artistic work as plasterers, their work on the Republic Office Building, the Dome Theater, the offices of the United States Steel Plant, and on many of the Steel and Tube buildings, including the offices and laboratories of the different plants, and also in many of the finer residences of the city in which work of an artistic nature as required, bearing visible evidence of their superiority as contracting plasterers. James A. Brennan, member of the above-named firm, was born, in 1887, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, a son of M. J. Brennan, of Pittsburgh. Having obtained his preliminary education in St. Mary's School, Pittsburgh, he entered the Carnegie School of Technology, from which he was graduated with the class of 1908. He soon after secured work with the McNulty Brothers of Pittsburgh, and gradually worked his way up until becoming proficient in his trade. In 1912 he came to Youngstown in the interest of his employers, and after supervising the work of the firm for a time formed a partnership with Mr. Dougherty, and has successfully continued in his chosen work since, the result of his labors being eminently satisfactory. Mr. Brennan married, in 1914, Marguerite Gribbon, daughter of Daniel Gribbon. Both he and his wife are worthy members of St. Edward's Church. Mr. Brennan is a member of the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce, is president of the Builders' Exchange and a member of the Youngstown Rotary Club. Fraternally he belongs to the Knights of Columbus and to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 367 Charles W. Dougherty, senior member of the well-known firm of Dougherty & Brennan, was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1885, and in the schools of that city obtained the rudiments of his education. In 1907 he was graduated from the Carnegie Technical School, and subsequently entered the employ of McNulty Brothers, beginning work in a minor capacity, and having gained the confidence of his employers as regarded his skill and ability was promoted from time to time, being placed in positions of greater responsibility. Subsequently he formed a partnership with his friend and co-worker, and this is now one of the leading firms of the kind not only in Youngstown but in this country. As plaster contractors this firm has already built up an enormous business, and under the supervision of its able and enterprising members is constantly increasing its business, contracts of vast importance being entrusted to their care. They keep a large number of employes, nearly all of whom are skilled workmen, while many of them are veritable artists, their work as sculptors comparing fairly well with that of Messrs. Dougherty and Brennan, Mr. Dougherty is married, his wife having been before marriage Agnes Reed. Both Mr. and Mrs. Dougherty are members of St. Patricks Church. Fraternally Mr. Dougherty is a member of the Knights of Columbus and of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He also belongs to the Builders' Exchange of Youngstown and to the Chamber of Commerce. LESTER C. HAWORTH has devoted his time and the best energies and talents he possesses to the great work of the Young Men's Christian Association. He has been engaged in Young Men's Christian Association work practically ever since he left college, and since December I, 1914, has occupied the post and responsibilities of general secretary of the Youngstown Young Men's Christian Association, though for more than a year he was engaged in important missions abroad, under Young Men's Christian Association auspices. Mr. Haworth was born at Danville, Indiana, March 12, 1888, son of Harper E. and Margaret (Greene) Haworth. His parents were natives of North Carolina, and his mother was a descendant of the family of General Greene, the great Revolutionary hero. Harper E. Haworth, although an abolitionist, was pressed into duty in the mines for the Confederate Government. He was married in North Carolina and in 1869 came north and located on a farm near Danville, Indiana. The Haworths are of Quaker stock. Harper Haworth was a pioneer in the prohibition movement, having a vote and a voice for that cause long before it was popular. He cast his first vote for Grant for president, and afterward supported the prohibition ticket every time except once, when he voted for Bryan. He is still living, at the age of seventy-three, but his wife died May II, 1918, aged sixty-eight. They were the parents of eight children. Lester C. Haworth acquired his early education in country schools in Northern Indiana, is a graduate of the Danville High Sch00l, and took his college course in the well known Friends institution of higher education, Earlham College, at Richmond, Indiana. He was graduated in 1910. To pay the expenses of his college course he sold aluminum cooking utensils in vacations and during the college terms did janitor work. He attracted attention while in college for his business promotive ability and public speaking, and the first year after his graduation he served as field agent for the college in raising a large sum to pay an indebtedness of Earlham. Mr. Haworth has been in Young Men's Christian Association work since 1911, when he became assistant general secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association at Buffalo, New York. Three years later he came to Youngstown as general secretary. He has made the local Young Men's Christian Association a strong and effective force for the education and moral and religious uplift of the large and hetero-geneous population of Youngstown. On account of his special abilities he was selected by the general organization in 1916 to go to Bombay, India, and organize Young Men's Christian Associations all over that country, especially in towns garrisoned by British soldiers. He also had an active part in caring for invalided British troops, there being thousands of them who had returned from the battle sectors in Mesopotamia and Egypt. The "Y" in Bombay was under the direction of the British governor, Lord Willingdon. While there he also helped raise a fund of $100,000 to provide for continued work of the association in India. Mr. Haworth returned to Youngstown in 1917. In the fall of 1918 he was prominently engaged in the general campaign to raise $2,000,000 for united war work. At the request of Dr. J. R. Mott, the national director of the Young Men's Christian Association, Mr. Haworth received commission to go to Europe for three months early in 1919, and under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian Association he went over the devastated districts and along the entire battle line in the interests of welfare work among the soldiers. He resumed his duties at Youngstown in July, 1919. Mr. Haworth married, November 2, 1913, Ruby Evelyn Peyton, a daughter of Anthony Peyton, of Danville, Indiana. They have two daughters, Dorothy and Margaret. Margaret was born in Bombay, India. Mr. Haworth is a member of the First Presbyterian Church and is a member of the Youngstown Club and Rotary Club. In addition to his work in the Young Men's Christian Association, Mr. Haworth takes an active interest in all civic and social work, and is much interested in anything that tends to advance good government. He is also a member of the Chamber of Commerce. WILLIAM COSEL. Closely identified with the mercantile interests of the Mahoning Valley, William Cosel, a well-known clothing merchant of Youngstown, has ever evinced a warm interest in local progress and improvements, and is especially prominent in welfare work, being president of the Youngstown Humane Society. He was born in 1861 in Germany, being the youngest child of a family of eight children born to Nathan and Minna Cosel. His parents were life-long residents of the fatherland, his father, a dry goods merchant, dying at the age of fifty-three years, and his mother when seventy-nine years of age. 368 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY Brought up and educated in his native land, William Cosel immigrated to the United States in 1880, joining his brother Julius, who had previously come to this country, in Youngstown, and with him embarking in the clothing business. The partnership being dissolved in 1901, the brother went to New York City, where he is now engaged in the manufacture of clothing, and Mr: Cosel has since carried on the original business alone, from 1880 until 1916 having been a tenant of Thomas H. Wells, but is now located at No. 9 Central Square, where he has exceptionally fine opportunities for carrying on his business. When Mr. Cosel came to Youngstown he was unable to speak a word of English, but has now perfect command of the language. In 1896 Mr. Cosel was united in marriage with Sadie Weinberg, and to them three children have been born, namely : Roma, living at home ; Minetta, who died in 1918, aged twenty-one years; and Leon, who lived but twelve short years, dying in 1913. Mr. Cosel is a thirty-second degree Mason, and both he and his wife are members of Rodef Sholem Congregation. JOHN LUDT deserves to be remembered not only as the founder of one of Youngstown's business concerns, but as one of a family that were pioneers in this part of the Mahoning Valley and have contributed their energies and wholesome public spirit to the growth and upbuilding of this section of Ohio for over a century. John Ludt was born in the Crab Creek District of the present City of Youngstown December 29, 1853. His parents were Philip and Sophia (Moewe) Ludt. His grandfather, Peter Ludt, came to Youngstown when it was a collection of cabins, and spent the rest of his life in this vicinity. He helped build the old Youngstown Canal. Philip Ludt, who spent many years in Youngstown, with home on Federal Street, was in the coal mines of the district, but later engaged in business. John Ludt had a public school education and as a young man worked in boiler shops and for railroads. At that time the top pay of a railroad hand was about a dollar a day. In 1885 he founded the business house of John Ludt. He dealt in hot air furnaces, and also perfected an organization for doing all classes of sheet metal work, and became an extensive contractor for slate, tin and gravel roofing. He was the founder and active spirit in this enterprise for thirty years, continuing active until his death on November 26, 1915. Mr. Ludt was a democrat in politics, and his interest as a good citizen led him to accept nomination and election as a member of the City Council. He was interested in the Lutheran Church, and was buried in a private mausoleum in the Belmont Cemetery. Mr. Ludt married Miss Jennie Millsap, daughter of Jackson Millsap. They became the parents of four children: Philip J. married Evelyn E. Good, who died February 7, 1919, leaving two children, Vladimir and Chester ; Charles W., Martha, wife of Calvin Meerkerger ; and Edward J., who married Ina Rock and has one son, Edward. The sons grew up in business with their father and after his death carried on the business, which is still one of the leading concerns of its kind in Youngstown. BEECHER P. HIGBY, whose business has been a varied one, for the past five years has been an automobile salesman and at Youngstown is president of the Higby Sales Company, the authorized agency for the Ford motor cars, Ford tractors and Ford accessories. Mr. Higby was born in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1889, son of Beecher and Cassie (Van Horn) Higby, both Nebraskans. His father was a contractor and for years held the office of city clerk and other local positions in the City of Omaha. Graduating from the Omaha High School at the age of seventeen, Beecher P. Higby soon afterward went to Wyoming and was an employe of the engineering department of the Union Pacific Railroad Company from 1904 to 1911. For a time he was in the laundry business in the Big Horn Basin of Wyoming, and also had experience as a cowboy on a cattle ranch. He began selling Ford cars at Omaha, Nebraska, and in 1915 came to Youngstown as a Ford salesman. He bought the Frank Leish interests and organized the Higby Sales Company, which has been responsible for the great volume of business created for the Ford cars in this section of Ohio. Mr. Higby is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the Knights of Pythias, the Kiwanis Club and the Chamber of Commerce, all of Youngstown, and the Poland Country Club. He married in 1914 Edith Stambaugh, daughter of Charles B. Stambaugh. Mrs. Higby died November 26, 1918, the mother of one son, Philip Dee. Mr. Higby is an attendant of the Christian Science Church. CHARLES T. RILEY One of the leading druggists of Youngstown, Charles T. Riley is thoroughly acquainted with every branch of pharmacy, and during the thirty and more years that he has been engaged in the business in this city has won an extensive and remunerative patronage. A son of the late Dr. Chauncey K. Riley, he was born July 11, 1865, in Pulaski, Pennsylvania, coming on both sides of the house of honored ancestry. Chauncey K. Riley was educated for a physician, and for forty-four years thereafter was successfully engaged in the practice of his profession at Pulaski, Pennsylvania, continuing there until his death in 1900, at the age of sixty-six years. Doctor Riley married, in Poland, Ohio, Sarah Truesdale, a daughter of Dr. Joseph Truesdale, also a prominent physician of Poland, Ohio. Doctor Riley's mother, Rachel Fowler, was distinguished as having been the first white female child born in the Mahoning Valley. Doctor and Mrs. Riley were the parents of two children, Charles T., the special subject of this sketch, and Cornelia, wife of R. W. White, of Youngstown. Obtaining his preliminary education in Pulaski, Charles T. Riley there learned the rudiments of the drug trade, entering the drug store of T. H. Jewell when but seventeen years of age. Subsequently coming to Youngstown, he accepted a position with Oscar YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 369 Deible, whose pharmacy was in Deible's Block, at the corner of Hazel and Federal streets, and later continuing with Mr. Deible's successor, E. A. Fisher, for a time. Starting in business on his own account, Mr. Riley upwards of thirty years ago opened a drug store on Federal Street, where he has since remained, having removed in 1906 from his first location, at 1514 to his present store at 1524 West Federal Street. Mr. Riley married in 1885, at Pulaski, Pennsylvania, Jennie Hull, daughter of Milton and Mary Hull, of that town, Mr. Hull having operated a flouring mill in Pulaski, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, for several years. Into Mr. and Mrs. Riley's pleasant home two children have been born, Chauncey,' now employed in the Carnegie Steel Plant, served as a soldier in France during the World war, having belonged to the One Hundred and Thirty-Seventh Field Artillery, which saw heavy fighting, and returned home in April, 1919, without a wound; and Fred, a musician, died at the age of thirty years. Politically Mr. Riley supports the principles of the republican party by voice and vote; fraternally he is active in Masonic circles, having taken- the York and thirty-second Scottish Rite degrees; religiously he is a member of the Christian Church. FRANK MASTROIANNI. Many of the more enterprising and successful business men of Mahoning County are of foreign birth and breeding, prominent among the number being Frank Mastroianni, agent for the sale of foreign exchange steamship tickets, and proprietor of the Banca Popolare Italiana, which is located at 116 North Watt Street, Youngstown. A son of Pasquale and Annie Marie Mastroianni, he was born July 24, 1877, in San Pietro Avellana, Province of Campobasso, Italy, and as a lad of ten years came to the United States with his father, who subsequently followed his trade of a stone mason in various Pennsylvania and Ohio cities. Working on railroads as water boy for construction gangs, Frank Mastroianni was not very favorably impressed with life in the United States, and in 1890, leaving his father in Steubenville, Ohio, returned to his native country, where he attended school regularly the ensuing four years, in the meantime learning the trade of a stone mason, In 1894, on account of his father, who was neither well nor prosperous, Frank came back to Ohio, joining him at Columbus, and subsequently working with him in Cleveland, Buffalo and other places. Changing his occupation, Mr. Mastroianni entered the employ of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, becoming foreman of bridge work on that part of the road extending from Pittsburgh to Steubenville, Ohio, and from Wheeling, West Virginia, to other Ohio points. The work being hard, with opportunities for advancement quite limited, he became clerk in a grocery, first at Kings Creek, West Virginia, and afterward at Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. Meanwhile he had furnished his father with funds to take him back to Italy, and in 1901 he sent for the entire family to join him in this country. Soon after, Mr. Mastroianni opened a small store at Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, and in connection with it established a steamship agency. In 1902, seeking better opportunities for advancing his interests, and a permanent location, he selected Youngstown as the most favorable, all things considered, and has never yet regretted his choice of places. Mr. Mastroianni's first business venture in this city was the opening of a steamship agency at 416 East Federal Street, and a foreign exchange bank. Succeeding well in his undertaking, he enlarged his operations, and in 1905 moved to his present location on North Watt Street, where he is carrying on an extensive business as steamship agent and banker, his bank, which is capitalized at $50,000, being under the supervision of the state banking laws. Mr. Mastroianni married in Niles, Ohio, Orsolina Federici, who was born in Italy, and as a child of thirteen years came with her parents to the United States. Her father, Antonio Federici, was engaged in municipal work in Italy. He belonged to a titled family, his uncle having been a marquis, residing in Naples, while his brother was a colonel in the Italian Army. Mr. and Mrs. Mastroianni are the parents of six children, namely : Annie, born in 1905 ; Josephine, in 1907; Freddie, in 1910; Ida, in 1912; Julia, in 1914; and Albert, in 1915. Mr. Mastroianni is a republican, but votes for the best men and measures regardless of party lines. He and his family are active and worthy members of Our Lady of Mount Carmel Catholic Church. JOHN S. MITCHELL has been a busy and industrious factor in the affairs Youngstown and environs for over forty years. His chief business at present is as proprietor of the Crab Creek Sand and Gravel Bank and a dealer in general builders' supplies. He was born in Toronto, Canada, in 1850, a son of John and Elizabeth (Forrest) Mitchell, natives of Scotland. The family moved from Toronto to Youngstown in 1866, first locating on the John Kimball farm and later moving to a farm in Trumbull County, a short distance from Youngstown. John Mitchell as an American voted the republican ticket, and he and his wife were both Presbyterians. Of their five children the following are still living besides John S.: Jessie, Mrs. Robert Watson, of Girard; Robert, of Youngstown, a conductor on the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad ; and William, a farmer of Mahoning County. John S. Mitchell was educated partly in Toronto and was sixteen years of age when he came to Mahoning County, finishing his education in the Crab Creek School here. In early life he took up the carpenter trade and followed it for twelve years, part of the time as a contractor. For twenty years he was proprietor of the Excelsior Dairy. As a dairyman he retailed his product, but later disposed of it wholesale. For several years he has conducted the Crab Creek Sand and Gravel Bank, and its output has supplied an enormous amount of material used in construction in and around Youngstown. Besides sand and gravel he handles all classes of builders' supplies except lumber. He also carries on general farming at Twin Oak Farm, which now comprises about fifty acres of the original 106 acres. Mr. Mitchell is a member of the Ohio Builders' Supply Association, and is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in the lodge, en- 370 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY campment, canton and the Rebekahs. He was formerly very active in republican politics and served a number of years as member of the township school board and was its president for several years. In 1876 he married Mary Armstrong, daughter of Samuel Armstrong. She was born on the Twin Oaks Farm where Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell now reside. Samuel Armstrong, father of Mrs. Mitchell, was born at the conjunction of Wolf Creek and Slippery Rock in Butler County, Pennsylvania, January 28, 1803, and was identified with Youngstown many years. He brought his family to this vicinity in 1849, and lived on the south side of East Federal Street near Watt. In early days, before the construction of railroads, he was a wagon freighter, hauling goods to and from Pittsburgh for the T. H. Wells mercantile establishment. Later he established a brick yard near the South Avenue bridge. Still later he bought the Twin Oaks Farm, then two miles from Youngstown. This farm is now reached by the Albert street car line. Samuel Armstrong married in 1826 Nancy (Robb) Loveland, widow of Amos Loveland. She died in 1894, at the age of eighty-six. By her first marriage her four children were : Henry, who for many years was associated with T. H. Wells in the mercantile business; William, who was an engineer at the Thornhill coal mines ; Rachel, who became the wife of Thomas Jacobs, of Coitsville, Ohio; and Sarah, wife of L. J. Jacobs. Samuel Armstrong had three daughters, the two now living being Mary, Mrs. John S. Mitchell, and Nancy A., who also lives on the old Twin Oaks Farm. PARISH BROTHERS, Prominent among the younger generation of Youngstown's progressive and prosperous business men are Michael H. and Daniel C. Parish, senior and junior members of the enterprising firm of Parish Brothers, who are fine representatives of the self-made men of our country, having through their own efforts climbed the ladder of success, rung by rung. Contractors in brick, stone and concrete, Parish Brothers began work on a modest scale, with but a few employes, and as their business increased have enlarged their force, the firm now giving employment to about 16o men, three-fourths of whom are skilled artisans. Many extensive and important contracts in Youngstown and vicinity have been entrusted to the Parish Brothers, and among the buildings of note erected by the firm mention may well be made of the following named : Mason work on the Young Women's Christian Association building; the Madison and Buckeye school buildings ; the Unger brothers' residences; Father Moran's residence; the seventy-seven- room dormitory at Villa Marie ; the extension work for the Elliot-Blair steel plant at Mercer ; the Youngstown Bread Company's building; additions to the Swinehart Tire & Rubber Company's plant at Akron; the Federal Savings and Loan Bank of Youngstown ; and numerous large buildings in Girard, East Youngstown, Warren and other nearby places. During the year 1916 Parish Brothers had assumed contracts amounting to upwards of $450,000, taking them before the raise of prices in materials, but, notwithstanding their heavy losses, faithfully filled every contract. The firm is fully equipped in every respect, having all the most up-lo-date machinery and appliances, including steam shovels, hoisting cranes and numerous other conveniences. Michael H. Parish was born May 6, 1890, in Warren, Ohio, a son of Charles H. and Elizabeth Parish, both of whom were born in Italy, and came to this country when young, and were subsequently married in Hudson, Ohio. The father has been connected with the labor and transportation department of the Carnegie Steel Plant for many years, and is also associated with his sons, Michael H. and Daniel C., in the contracting business. He and his wife are members of St. Columba's Church, and have a pleasant home at 1027 Fairview Avenue. Having obtained his early education in Warren and at the West Side school in Youngstown, Michael H. Parish found employment in the shipping department of the Carnegie Steel Plant when a lad of fourteen years, and while thus working completed a preparatory course in structural work at the Scranton Correspondence School. In 1910 and 1911 he attended the Carnegie Technical School at Pittsburgh, earning the money to pay his way through by work of the hardest kind. All of his efforts have been fully repaid by the success which has been his since the formation of the firm of Parish Brothers. Michael H. Parish married, in 1912, Lula Wagner, daughter of Nicolas Wagner, of Niles, Ohio. She died October 21, 1918, leaving three young children, June Virginia, Ruth Laverne and Vera Jane. Religiously Mr. Parish is a member of St. Edward's Church ; fraternally he belongs to the Knights of Columbus and to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Born June 11, 1888, in Hudson, Ohio, Daniel C. Parish attended the public schools of Warren during his boyhood days, and at the age of fourteen years began an apprenticeship as a roll turner at the Carnegie Steel Plant, where he worked for eight years. During all of that time he attended night school at the Young Men's Christian Association in Youngstown, taking a special course in general construction work. A fine student, he made rapid progress in his studies, and in 1914 was fully equipped to become a partner in the newly-organized firm of Parish Brothers. Working as hard as he studied, he has contributed his full quota toward placing the firm on its present substantial basis, it being one of the leading firms of the kind in Ohio. On February 17, 1912, Daniel C. Parish was united in marriage with Mabel Moon, a daughter of David Moon. Their happy married life was of short duration, as Mrs. Parish died on February 16, 1919, leaving no children. Mr. Parish is a member of St. Edward's Church, and also belongs to the Knights of Columbus. ARTHUR BERTOLINI is a skilled workman and artist in one of the most difficult departments of the building trades, and was trained in the home of architecture and the fine arts in Italy, not only by a practical apprenticeship but in some of the leading technical schools and under some of the best masters. Mr. Bertolini, who is secretary of the P. Pasquali YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 371 Company, contractors at Youngstown, was born in Italy in 1891, a son of Dominic and Madaline Bertolini. His father was a successful contractor, and gave his son Arthur every advantage of school and travel. The latter is a graduate of the Garibaldi Technical Institute of Italy, was trained in the fundamentals of building construction by his father, and afterward had wonderful opportunities to master his art by study and work in France, Switzerland, Germany and Austria, spending much time both in Venice and Vienna. Mr. Bertolini came to the United States in 1914, and for several years was employed by several different contracting firms at Washington, D. C,, and elsewhere. He has been secretary of the Pasquali Company at Youngstown since 1917. This firm employs between twenty-five and thirty skilled workmen. Mr. Bertolini has had charge of the art marble mosaic, Terrazzo tile and marble work in many buildings here and elsewhere. Some of the monuments to his skill as a designer and workman are the South High School at Butler, Pennsylvania; St. Mary's at Pittsburgh; the Akron Masonic Temple ; St. Vincent's School; the Firestone Park School; the Jennings School; the Penn High School at Greenville, Pennsylvania; the Hippodrome at Warren; a sch00l in New Castle, Pennsylvania; and the Clinton County Court House at Wilmington, Ohio, also the postoffice and Federal Court House at Huntington, West Virginia. Mr. Bertolini is a member of the Mount Carmel Catholic Church at Youngstown, and is a member of the Builders' Exchange and the Chamber of Commerce. JOSEPH G. VASCAK. A prominent furnishing undertaker and funeral director, Joseph G. Vascak, of Youngstown, has built up an extended reputation for professional skill and efficiency, his services being sought throughout the community in which he resides. A native of Hungary, he was a child in arms when brought to Connellsville, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in 1885, a son of George and Mary (Herman) Vascak. Born in the northern part of Hungary, now known as Czecho-Slovakia, George Vascak immigrated to the United States in early manhood, coming to this country for the purpose of being Americanized. When he began work as a miner in Pennsylvania he had no acquaintance with the English language, being unable to either read, write or speak it. Quick to learn, he was soon able to read newspapers and periodicals, and took an active interest in governmental affairs, identifying himself with the republican party. When he had accumulated sufficient money to warrant him in taking a wife he returned to his native land, and there married the woman of his choice, Mary Herman. With his bride he settled in Connellsville, Pennsylvania, and was there successfully employed as a general merchant until his death, on June 5, 1912, at the age of fifty-seven years. His widow is still living, making her home in Connellsville with a daughter. Of the six children born to her and her husband, three died in early life ; one son, George P., who was in business with his brother Joseph, died in 1918, aged thirty years ; and two are living, Joseph G., the subject of this brief sketch, and Agnes. Beginning his career as a lad of twelve or fourteen years, Joseph G. Vascak sold goods in his father's store, which was well stocked with general merchandise. Going to Philadelphia in 1905, he entered the employ of an undertaker, at the same time attending the Philadelphia Training School of Embalming, becoming especially proficient in the embalmer's art and science. When ready to establish himself in business on his own account Mr. Vascak, who had visited Youngstown in 1900 and had been much impressed with its many advantages, decided to make the city his permanent home. With a capital of $3,000 given him by his father, he opened his present establishment, which is finely equipped for his business with the needed ambulances, autos and all the up-to-date appliances used in his profession, and by close attention to the details of his work he has met with undoubted success, having a large and extended patronage. On February 9, 1909, Mr. Vascak was united in marriage with Mary Matusek, a daughter of Andrew and Barbara Matusek. Her father, a native of Poland, was engaged in mining pursuits in the Connellsville District of Fayette County, Pennsylvania, for many years. Mr. and Mrs. Vascak have four children, Matilda M., Joseph G., Jr., Regina Barbara and Olga. Religiously they with their children belong to Saints Cyril and Methodius Catholic Church. ADOLPH KESSLER had mastered some considerable degree of commercral success before he located at Youngstown. His experience has been an inspiring one. Born in Hungary in 1889, he attended school in his native land, and as soon as old enough worked out at day labor and attended school at night. Getting a thorough education was an important part of the program of Mr. Kessler for a number of years both in Hungary and after coming to the United States. He still lacked several years of his majority when he reached this country. He knew of Rankin, Pennsylvania, the home of a chance acquaintance, and that was his first location. In Rankin, a suburb village of Pittsburgh, he found work in a grocery store at eighteen dollars a month. He knew no English, and was as diligent and persistent in acquiring a knowledge of the language as he was in the performance of his duties at the store. He was soon earning more than eighteen dollars a month, and in the meantime was attending a night school in Pittsburgh. His next location was at Akron, Ohio, where he worked with a wholesale grocery house and attended a business college in the night classes. His next connection was with the Chicago packing house of Libby, McNeil & Libby. As a traveling salesman they gave him territory in Western Pennsylvania and Eastern Ohio. During his trips he came to know Youngstown, appreciated its business opportunities and its civic pride, and ever since has been a permanent resident, On leaving the Chicago house he engaged in real estate, and soon had a flourishing business. Mr. 372 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY Kessler now specializes in high class residence property, and handles a large amount of valuable property each year. Soon after coming to Youngstown he married Sallie Shier. They have two young children, Herbert J. and Stanley Martin. Mr. Kessler is a member of the Real Estate Board and the Chamber of Commerce. Soon after coming to America he took out his first citizenship papers and after the conventional time allowed he secured his last papers, making him a full fledged American citizen. JOSEPH VOGELBERGER is distinguished not only as a native born citizen of Youngstown, but for the important part he has played in the upbuilding of the city as a contractor and builder. A son of John Vogelberger, he was born September 25, 1870, on the hill overlooking Lanterman's Falls, one of the most picturesque points in the city. John Vogelberger was born m Germany, and as a boy of eight years came with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Peter Vogelberger, to Youngstown, Ohio, where both his father and mother spent their remaining days, both living to the venerable age of ninety-four years. Following in the footsteps of their father, John and his brother began working as miners, and later did the excavating and stone work at Lanterman's mill. Turning his attention to agricultural pursuits, John subsequently bought land on the bluff overlooking Lanterman's Falls, and by dint of hard labor cleared and improved a farm. He made a specialty of raising poultry and garden truck for the miners and employes of the iron and steel mills, the selling price of any chicken on the place having been 25 cents, while turkeys, regardless of weight, sold for $1.00 apiece. He was also somewhat of a carpenter, and helped build St. Columba's Church. He attained a good old age, his death, on August 25, 1911, at the age of four score and three years, having been the result of an accident. His wife, whose maiden name was Eva Gerst, died June 22, 1898, when but fifty-three years old. They became the parents of eight children, two of whom, Mary and Annie, died in childhood, and the following named are now living: Philip P., master mechanic for the Sharp Lumber Company ; John, a city employe; Joseph, the subject of this brief sketch ; Frank, of Youngstown, a contractor ; Gallas, a carpenter ; and Kate, wife of Joseph Schmidt, proprietor of a cigar and tobacco store on Market Street, this city. Both parents were members of St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church. Educated in Youngstown,. Joseph Vogelberger attended first the Fosterville school, and later concluded his studies at St. Joseph's parochial school. At the age of fifteen years he was working in a meat market on Federal Street, and three years later began work as a farmer and carpenter. Becoming skilful in the use of tools, he was employed for fourteen years as carpenter and foreman in the mill owned by the Heller Brothers, gaining while there experience that has since been of great value to him. Subsequently, in partnership with his brothers Frank and Gallas, he became prominent in the building activities of the city, erecting not only large business buildings and warehouses, but many fine residences, among others of note having been the Brown, W. B. Arms, Porter Pollock, A. E. Adams, Brant Miller and the W. J. Patterson residences. Eight years ago, notwithstanding that he was a stanch democrat, Mr. Vogelberger was appointed, by a republican mayor, superintendent of streets, and continued until March, 1920, when he retired and has since been engaged in the contracting and building business. On January 23, 1898, Mr. Vogelberger married Crescentia, daughter of Wendel Scheirman, of Youngstown, and of the three children born into their home two, Mary and Leroy are living, while Alma died when but nine years old. The family are members of St. Joseph's Catholic Church. H. SAMMARTINO Noteworthy among the successful merchants of Youngstown is H. Sammartino, a jeweler, making a specialty of dealmg in diamonds and other precious stones. A native of Italy, he was born in 1878 in Agnone, Province of Campobasso, where he spent the earlier years of his life. As a boy and youth he had the advantages of a technical education, and early learned the trade of a silversmith and watchmaker. Immigrating to the United States, Mr. Sammartino located in Youngstown, and for nine years thereafter carried on business as a peddler, traveling throughout the Mahoning Valley. He sold solid gold jewelry, and was so honest and upright in his dealings with all that the people learned to trust him, placing perfect confidence in his word. Thus fortified, Mr. Sammartino opened a jewelry store at 382 East Federal Street, and in the sale of diamonds, watches and jewelry met with success. Needing more commodious quarters for his growing trade, he moved to his present place of business, 365 East Federal Street, where he has an extensive and lucrative trade, and in addition is interested in various other financial enterprises. Mr. Sammartino married after coming to Ohio Miss Martha Fernando, who belongs to an old and prominent Italian family, her mother having been a child of six years when brought by her parents to the United States. Politically Mr. Sammartino is a republican, and religiously he belongs to the Mount Carmel Catholic Church. He is likewise a member of Figh D Italia. GEORGE P. KRICHBAUM. Possessing undoubted business and executive ability, George P. Krichbaum, of Youngstown, making good use of his talents, has steadily climbed the ladder of success, and is now widely known as manager of the Youngstown Branch of Armour & Company, with which he has been actively identified since its establishment in this locality, thirty years ago. A native born citizen, his birth occurred on Mahoning Avenue, February 15, 186o. His father, the late George P. Krichbaum, Sr., was born and reared in Darmstadt, Germany, where he and his five brothers received excellent educational advantages, their father, a man of culture, insisting that his sons should have the best of schooling. After learning the trade of a pattern maker, YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 373 he came with the paternal family to America, locating first in Buffalo, New York. Subsequently taking up his residence in Youngstown, he was employed as a pattern maker in the Brown-Bonnell Mill for fifteen years, continuing with that firm until his death in 1872, at the early age of forty-one years. George P. Krichbaum, Sr., married Augusta Ritter, who was of French ancestry, and to them six children were born, one of whom died in childhood, and another, Lydia, died at the age of eighteen years, while four are now living, namely : George P., the special subject of this sketch; Eugene, a salesman for Armour & Company; Emma, wife of John Reynolds, of this city; and Louisa, residing on Lora Avenue. Mrs. Krichbaum, whose death occurred at her home on Elm Street in 1918, married again after the death of her first husband, becoming the wife of C. B. Ramser, who was engaged in the grocery business on Mill Street. Mr. and Mrs. Ramser became the parents of four children, as follows: Charles, an engineer on the Erie Railroad; Augusta, wife of Alfred Bixler, assistant auditor for Armour & Company; Fred, a draughtsman for the Republic Iron & Steel Company; and Mrs. Alice Rummels. George P. Krichbaum attended school on Wood Street until twelve years of age, when, on account of the death of his father, he began work for himself, for three and one-half years being bell boy at the Tod House, at the same time having charge, for Jim Hammond, of the cigar stand. Saving of his money and prudent in his expenditures, he accumulated while thus employed to pay off a mortgage of $600 on his mother's house. Coming in contact with men of affairs, in the hotel, the bright, active lad became ambitious to have a better position, and with that end in view attended Hall's Commercial College, at the same time working as a clerk in T. B. Albert's hat store in the Diamond Block. Subsequently Mr. Krichbaum embarked in a mercantile career, workmg first as grocer's clerk for his stepfather, later being in a Pittsburgh grocery two years, and after his marriage being in the employ of J. C. Ewing, a grocer on Mahoning Avenue. The following four years he filled a similar position in the crockery establishment of A. J. Williams. Forming then a partnership with J. C. Ewing, he was for three years in the grocery business on Phelps Street, being junior member of the firm of Ewing & Krichbaum. During the depression of 1886 the firm met with reverses, and Mr. Krichbaum sold the stock of goods and partly paid the creditors, completing the payments later. While Joseph Hemler was employed as a messenger on the railroad, he used to buy meat and other provisions in Cleveland which Mr. Krichbaum marketed, and Krichbaum & Hemler shipped the first dressed beef into the city. In 1890 the business was taken over by Armour & Company, and under the guidance of Mr. Krichbaum, the manager from the start, has grown rapidly and enormously. In 1879 Mr. Krichbaum was united in marriage with Miss Lois Vetter, who was born in Boardman, Ohio, in 1859. Her father, W. H. Vetter, was an extensive dealer in cattle and sheep, buying livestock in Ohio and driving into New Jersey, where he received the highest market prices. Mr. and Mrs. Krichbaum have two children, Claude, who has been salesman for Armour & Company for nineteen years, and Hazel, wife of Stewart Kimmell, who is associated with the Youngstown Security Realty Company. Fraternally Mr. Krichbaum is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and of the Knights of Pythias. Both he and his family belong to the Christian Church. JOHN R. PERKINS is the youngest of the three brothers who originally constituted and are proprietors of the Perkins Hardware & Roofing Company, one of the largest establishments of its kind in the Mahoning Valley. This business was started by George R., Joseph R. and John R. Perkins on May 15, 1899, and has been conducted as a general supply house for all classes of hardware, and they have specialized in roofing material and contracting. John R. Perkins was born at Wethersfield in Trumbull County, Ohio, a son of Richard Perkins, a former coal operator. John R. Perkins received the greater part of his education at Youngstown and acquired his early business experience and training with the Stambaugh-Thompson Hardware Company. In 1901 he married Rachel Wooley. They have one son, Jere Richard. Mr. and Mrs. Perkins are members of the First Presbyterian Church. Mr. Perkins is a member of Western Star Lodge No. 21, Free and Accepted Masons ; Youngstown Chapter No. 93, Royal Arch Masons; Buechner Council No. 107, Royal and Select Masters; Youngstown Commandery No. 20, Knights Templar, and of Al Koran Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. CHARLES A. ENSIGN. For nearly four decades a resident of Youngstown, Charles A. Ensign has been prominent in many of its activities, and has been an important factor in advancmg its material interests, while as the pioneer druggist of the city he has won his full share of its patronage. A son of the late John N. Ensign, he was born September 28, 1857, in Newton Falls, Trumbull County, Ohio, of honored New England ancestry. Born in Simsbury, Connecticut, in 1819, John N. Ensign there spent his early life. Following the trail of the pioneer, he visited the Western Reserve in 1843, making stops at Warren, Poland, Youngstown and Newton Falls. A tinner by trade, and a dealer in stoves, he decided that Newton Falls would afford him better opportunities for business, and located in that town, rather than in either of the others. He built up a substantial trade, being fairly prosperous, lived. well, and gave his children exceptionally good educational advantages. He was highly esteemed as a man and a citizen, and although a democrat in a republican stronghold, served for thirty years as justice of the peace, and at the time of his death, in 1900, was serving as mayor of that city. His wife, whose maiden name was Sarah Russell, was born in 1820, and died in 1895. He was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and both he and his wife belonged to the Methodist Episcopal Church. Three children were born of their union, namely : Ellis, formerly in partnership with his 374 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY brother. Charles, died in 1895, aged fifty-two years; Harriet, deceased, was the wife of Hiram H. Porter; and Charles A. Having laid a substantial foundation for his future education in the public schools of Newton Falls, Charles A. Ensign entered Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania, and was there graduated with the class of 1880. Subsequently coming to Youngstown, he began his career as a business man in the store of Wick C. Gans. Becoming familiar with the details, he established a drug store at 509 Mahoning Avenue, and with the exception of the time during the construction of his present fine building has continued business on the same site ever since. A man of sterling qualities, upright in his dealings, kind and courteous to all, Mr. Ensign has won the esteem and respect of the community, and has built up a large and satisfactory business in the city of his adoption, which he has seen grow from the small population of 15,000 people to an important municipality containing 122,000 inhabitants. On October 1, 1885, Mr. Ensign was united in marriage with Miss Jennie Wick, daughter of Philip and Sallie Jacobs. Her father, who was in business in Youngstown many years, had a general store on East Federal Street, and also dealt in coal to some extent. Two children blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Ensign, namely : Alice Bell, wife of W. R. Scott, who is connected with the engineering department of the American Tube and Wire Company at Scottsdale, Pennsylvania; and Emily, who, while a student at Vassar College, was accidentally drowned, being then but nineteen years of age. Politically Mr. Ensign is identified with the republican party, and has rendered efficient service as a member of the Board of Associated Charities of Youngstown. Fraternally he belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He is likewise a member of the Chamber of Commerce. Broad and liberal in his religious views, he is an active supporter and attendant of the Unitarian Church, while Mrs. Ensign belongs to the Presbyterian Church. FRANK B. HALFHILL was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1893, of southern ancestry. His grandfather, Captain Jack Halfhill, was in the Confederate army under command of General Morgan, and who for a number of years was a prominent contractor around Cincinnati. His father and mother are now living on a stock farm near Lexington, Kentucky. In the early years of Mr. Halfhill's life he ran away from home and settled in the wilds of the West, up in the Northwestern States, in Montana principally, following construction until the age of sixteen years and then he entered Stanford University in California; graduating, he took up a homestead in Montana. Finding this too dreary he entered the construction division of the war department on inland waterways, being employed on various projects in the United States, principally the Mississippi and its tributaries. Resigning the Government service in the year of 1915, he followed the advice of some prominent engineers and settled in Youngstown, Ohio, organ izing the Halfhill Construction Company, engineers and contractors, in the Home Savings & Loan Building, to specialize in railroad, industrial and waterway construction. Since that time they have handled a number of large contracts in the states of Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. During the war Mr. Half hill was attached to the general staff at Washington, giving the benefit of his tehcnical and practical experience to the United States Government. Locally he is a member of the Real Estate Board, Employers' Association, Builders' Exchange, Chamber of Commerce, and fraternally is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias. J. E. VAN CISE. A well known and highly respected business man of Youngstown, J. E. Van Cise, electrical contractor, has acquired an excellent reputation for skill and efficiency in the wiring of buildings of all kinds, including residences, controlling his full share of that work in the city and its suburbs, and is also an extensive dealer in lighting fixtures and electric equipments, his well furnished store being located at 31 North Champion Street. A native of New York, he was born in 1875 in Allegany County. Brought up and educated in his native county, J. E. Van Cise turned his attention to electrical work when eighteen years old, and since that time has gained a broad experience in that line of industry, having been associated with it in many parts of the country. Coming from Cleveland to Youngstown in 1908, he was variously employed until 1915, when he opened his present establishment on North Champion Street, where he deals in all kinds of electrical goods, including lamps, chandeliers, washing machines, electric irons, and all the machines and appliances useful in the household, a visit to his store convincing the most conservative housewife of the value of electricity in lightening her work. Fraternally Mr. Van Cise is a Royal Arch Mason, and a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. WILLIAM C. ZABEL. A man of good principles, upright in his dealings, and possessing a natural aptitude for business affairs, William C. Zabel, of Youngstown, head of the firm of W. C. Zabel & Company, Incorporated, is widely and favorably known in mercantile circles as a dealer in hotel and restaurant supplies, a branch of trade in which he has been very successful. He was born in Saginaw, Michigan, January 9, 1869, a son of John and Frederika Zabel, who came with their family to Youngstown in 1872. The father, a millwright by trade, worked in the Upper Mill, and was accidentally killed when but fifty years of age, leaving three children, as follows : William C.; Lizzie, wife of E. F. Wellendorf, of Youngstown, and Anna, wife of Charles Stoll. Both parents were member of the German Lutheran Church. William C. Zabel attended the Briar Hill schools until thirteen years old when he secured employment in the china store of A. J. Williams, with whom he remained as a clerk for seven years, gaining an insight into the details of the business and a YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 375 practical experience that was of great value to him in after years. Thus fortified, he became manager of the V. J. Buehrle establishment, with which he was actively associated for a quarter of a century. Embarking then in business on his own account, Mr. Zabel organized the firm of W. C. Zabel & Company, which is an outgrowth of the Williams establishment, and has since carried on a most prosperous business as a dealer in hotel and restaurant supplies, his store being the most extensive one of its character between New York and Chicago. It is favorably located at 223 East Federal Street, where the company will soon add a new department, stocking it with a complete line of butchers' supplies. Mr. Zabel's wife, whose maiden name was Hannah Stoll, died in 1908, leaving six children, namely: Arthur H., Nora, Ervin, Carl, Emma and Edna. Arthur H., who served on the battle front in Italy during the World war, returned home unwounded. Ervin, who served in the Ninth Infantry, went through heavy fighting in France, later being sent to Germany, and was for four months confined in a hospital. Carl was in training when the Armistice was signed. True to the religious faith in which he was reared, Mr. Zabel is a member of the German Lutheran Church, to which his children also belong. He is also a member of the Chamber of Commerce. ERNEST W. TRAVIS, who recently became president of the Rice Associates Company, house furnishers and decorators, is one of the best known young business men of Youngstown, and except for the period of his service abroad during the World war has spent practically all his life in Mahoning County. He was born near Canfield May 19, 1886, and is a graduate of both the Elm and Rayen High Schools of Youngstown. Early in his business career he was a clerk with the Erie Railroad, being assistant cashier of the freight department four years. For four years he was with the tire department of the Republic Rubber Company and then became associated with Thomas Pemberton in establishing the firm Travis & Pemberton on Champion Street. This firm is still doing a prosperous business handling tires and athletic goods. For three years Mr. Travis was also sales manager of the Packard Agency at Youngstown, and won the sweepstakes prize for salesmen in a competition conducted by the Packard organization of Detroit. From school days to the present Mr. Travis has been prominent in athletics, not only as an individual performer, but as a sponsor for all wholesome phases of outdoor sports. He is perhaps best known as a tennis player, having been city tennis champion eight years out of eleven and having played on the team of double champions for eleven years. On account of his prominence in this line it was considered that his best service could be rendered during the war in the post of athletic director under the Young Men's Christian Association. In June, 1918, he went overseas and was assigned to Aix-les-Bains, France, the largest leave area for the American Expeditionary Forces. He was there a year, returning to the United States in August, 1919. Soon afterward he took part in the reorganization of the Rice Associates Company, and became president of that organization, which has a capitalization of $25o,000 and conducts business in a specially constructed three-story building on West Federal below Champion Street. This company features the very finest wares in textile, furniture, wall paper, and has an adequate and expert organization for every service in decorating. Samuel W. Rice is vice president and general manager of the company, and its other officials are W. J. Evans, W. A. Carroll and Samuel W. Rice, Jr. Mr. Travis is a Knight Templar and thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, a member of the Elks, the Youngstown Club, the Youngstown Country Club and the Young Men's Christian Association. ELTON P. ZINN completed his apprenticeship as a general machinist about the time automobiles were first coming into favor. For the past sixteen years he has been an automobile expert, and as a technical and efficient man and also as a salesman his experience and qualifications are second to none in Youngstown. Mr. Zinn, whose present place of business is at 131 Lincoln Avenue, was born in Erie County, Pennsylvania, in 1878, son of Samuel I. and Mary Elizabeth (Miller) Zinn. His parents were also natives of the same section of Pennsylvania and are now living in the City of Erie, where Samuel Zinn is a contractor and dealer in farm produce. Elton P. Zinn, youngest of four sons, graduated from the Erie High School in 1899, and at once began an apprenticeship as a machinist. He served nearly four years with the Ball Engine Company. For another year he was employed as a machinist by the Modern Tool Company. In 1903 Mr. Zinn became one of the first technical employes of the Packard Automobile Company at Detroit. During subsequent years he did much to give the Packard the high standing it enjoys in the automobile world. In 19o5 he drove a Packard car from Detroit to Denver, and remained in that city to represent the firm. Denver at that time had just four cars of the Packard make. Eighteen months later he was called to a new post at Bay City, Michigan, where he had charge of the technical service of the Packard Company. He was next sent to Utica, New York, in 1911, and in 1912 came to Youngstown and was under Howard Inglis until 1915. In that year Mr. Zinn bought the Albaugh Motor Sales Company. And soon afterward opened a little shop 20x35 feet at 538 West Rayen Avenue. The first year he did $10,000 worth of repair work. In January, 1917, Mr. Zinn became the Franklin representative at Youngstown, and opened his sales rooms at 131 Lincoln Avenue, and in February, 1920, took on an agency for the Winton automobile. He owns a lot 80x147 feet at Baldwin and Wick Avenue, where he plans the building of a modern garage. September 20, 1916, Mr. Zinn married Miss Tressia Foster, daughter of Levant Foster of Titusville, Pennsylvania. Since their marriage Mrs. Zinn has been a real business partner, and is properly credited with much of his success. Mr. Zinn is a member of the Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church and is affiliated with the Masons at Bay City, Michigan, and the Royal Arch Chapter at Youngstown, 376 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY and is also an Odd Fellow. He is a member of the Poland Country Club and the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce. EARL B. DOWNER, M. D., a physician and surgeon, late of the Medical Reserve Corps and a Red Cross surgeon in Serbia and Russia, author and lecturer, at the close of the great war chose Youngstown as his home and the scene of his professional career. Doctor Downer was born in Lansing, Michigan, in 1885, son of Bishop E. and Mary L. (Smith) Downer. His parents were born in New York State, and are still living, his father aged seventy and his mother fifty-five. His father is a building contractor. The name Downer is of English extraction, and the family came to America in 1779. There was a Downer who was a surgeon in the American Revolution and another served under John Paul Jones, the great naval hero. Earl B. Downer was fourth among five children, the others being : Erastus, a lumber tracer at LaPorte, Texas ; Stephen, a farmer in Michigan; John, who lives at Chicago and is connected with the Pacific Fruit Company; and Leo, in the automobile business at Pittsburgh. Earl B. Downer graduated from the Lansing public schools in 1902, and was a student of mechanical engineering at the Michigan Agricultural College during 1903-04. Believing that medicine and surgery were his best choice among the professions, he turned his studies in that line, and in 1907 graduated from the medical department of the Ohio State University. He took post-graduate work in the New York Hospital Medical College in 1909 and at Harvard University in 1911. He also attended the United States Army Medical School in December, 1914. It was only after the making many and persistent applications for foreign service in the Red Cross that Doctor Downer was chosen out of 3,500 surgeons to go to Serbia under the auspices of the Red Cross at the time the frightful typhus epidemic had practically wiped out the American Red Cross unit. On reaching Belgrade Doctor Downer found fourteen doctors and nurses down with the dread disease. He remained there for a year, fought the plague and treated the wounded, much of the time while under constant fire from the guns of the Germans and Austrians. It was a post of peculiar hazard and responsibility, and out of 300 doctors who at various times were associated with that work Doctor Downer is now one of the nine survivors. Later returning to New York, Doctor Downer was sent to Russia as director of the Edwin Gould Mission, and when knowledge of his skill in bone grafting reached the ears of the Czarina he was invited to take up his residence in the palace and given permission to operate in twenty of the imperial hospitals in that vicinity. The special interest of the imperial family centered on his orthopedic skill because of the lameness of the Czarevitch. Doctor Downer was in almost daily association with the family and staff of the Russian Emperor during the last days of the rule of the Romanoffs. It was his privilege to witness directly the events of the historic "Red Monday" which marked the beginning of the Russian Revolution and the overthrow of the old regime. He mingled on the streets with the revolutionists, and had many rare opportunities of studying the people and the revolutionary movement at first hand. Doctor Downer is author of "The Highway of Death," the story of the American Red Cross unit in Serbia. He is also author of "The Russian Revolution," and the other "Tales of a War Surgeon," based on his adventures in Serbia, Russia, Greece, Austria and France. He was one of the first to tell the story of the Russian Revolution to the American people from first hand experiences. He has appeared in the role of lecturer before thousands of people in the leading educational institutions of the country. It was while on a lecture tour that Doctor Downer made his first acquaintance with Youngstown, and became so impressed with the city and its opportunities that he located here for practice. While at Belgrade fighting the typhus scourge Doctor Downer came to know Bessie M. Scanlon, who was chief of the operating room among the Red Cross nurses. She is a daughter of the late John and the late Elizabeth (Klice) Scanlon of Olean, New York, and is a graduate nurse of the Sisters of Charity Hospital of Buffalo, New York. Doctor Downer and Miss Scanlon were married in 1917, and one son, Cornelius Bishop Downer, was born February 7, 192o. Doctor Downer is a member of the American Medical Association, is on the surgical staff of St. Elizabeth's Hospital, in Orthopedic Surgery, is a member of the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce and a member of the Kiwanis Club. MORRIS MOYER. Enterprising and eminently capable, Morrrs Moyer, engaged in the manufacture of men's trousers at Youngstown, displays excellent ability and judgment in his operations, and in the management of his business has met with signal success. A son of Henry and Sarah Moyer, he was born March 19, 1869, in Danville, Montour County, Pennsylvania, of German ancestry. Born and brought up in Wurtemberg, Germany, Henry Moyer came to the United States as a boy of twelve years. Soon after his arrival he located in Danville, Pennsylvania, and during his active career, was there engaged in the livestock business, continuing his operations until his death, at the age of seventy-two years. His wife died when seventy-six years old. Ten children, five daughters and five sons, were born of their marriage, all of whom are living with the exception of one daughter, Bessie, who married Isaac Hartzell, of Youngstown. Two of the sons, Miles and Julius, reside in Sharon, Pennsylvania, and another son, Lewis, is in business in Youngstown, being associated with Mr. Hartzell, his brother-in-law. At the age of nineteen years, having been graduated from the Danville High School, Morris Moyer embarked in the retail clothing business at Lock Haven, Pennsylvania. The cloudburst that caused the Johnstown flood interfered with his operations for a little while, but he soon overcame all difficulties, and continued in business there for nine consecutive years. Coming from there to Youngstown, Mr. Moyer, in company with his brother Miles and others, YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 377 organized the trousers manufacturing business with which he has since been identified, his sons, Henry S. and Sidney S., being now associated with him. The Moyer factory was first located on West Federal Street, occupying the second and third floors of the building in which it was established, the first floor being taken by the Scotch Woolen Mills Store. Owing to the rapid growth of the business, Mr. Moyer moved to Commerce Street, and the firm continued there until the completion of the factory adjoining the present Moyer building. A constantly increasing trade has still demanded more commodious quarters, and Mr. Moyer erected a large, fire-proof, concrete building, of modern construction, four stories in height, with 30,000 square feet of floor space, it being located on Walnut Street, adjoining the old factory. There is not a stick of timber or wood in the Moyer factory. It is constructed entirely of brick, concrete, with steel floors and ceilings of concrete. The output of the Moyer factory is 2,500 pairs of trousers weekly, a production that will shortly be doubled. The firm has an extensive trade, not only of a local nature, but covering a wide territory in the Central West, a number of its employes being on the road, and finding no trouble in disposing of the Moyer goods. On January 10, 1896, Mr. Moyer was united in marriage with Miriam Simon, daughter of Herman Simon, a wholesale grocer who resided for sixty years in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Moyer have three children, namely : Henry S. and Sidney S., both graduates of the business department of the University of Pennsylvania, are now in business with their father, as above noted; and Elizabeth, who was graduated from the Rayen High School with the class of 1919. Sidney S. enlisted in the Navy, and was in training at Plattsburg, New York, during the World war. Fraternally Mr. Moyer is a member of the Western Star Lodge, Free and Accepted Order of Masons; of Youngstown Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, and of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He is also a member of the Chamber of Commerce. He and his family belong to Rodef Sholem Congregation. JOSEPH EVANS. For many years prominently connected with the mercantile and manufacturing affairs of this section of the country, Joseph Evans is well qualified, both by training and experience, for the high position he is so successfully filling as manager of the Telling-Belle Vernon Company's Youngstown Plant, which manufactures and distributes half a million gallons of ice cream each year, using in the distribution of this vast amount four trucks and eight teams. This wide-awake firm has plants in Cleveland, also, and in other near-by places, and is carrying on an enormous business, its manufactures in the various plants aggregating 5,000,000 gallons yearly, ice cream being in greater demand in every place, and at all seasons of the year, than almost any other product that is not strictly necessary to sustain human life. A son of Thomas Evans, he was born in Youngstown in 1886, and has spent the greater part of his life in this city. Born and bred in Wales, Thomas Evans there worked in the mines until reaching man's estate. Soon after that important event he married Anna Jones, and with his newly wed wife sailed for America. Making his way directly to Ohio, he located in Youngstown, and was here first employed in the Brown-Bonnell Plant, and when that business was merged into the Republic Iron & Steel Company he remained with the new firm, and has since held various positions of responsibility and trust, now, at the age of sixty-eight years, being one of the firm's oldest employes in point of service. Both he and his wife are members of the Elm Street Congregational Church. Four children have been born of their union, as follows : Catherine, wife of James A. Faulkner, who is with a motor company in Cleveland; Marie, wife of Thomas H. Chambers, with the Maxwell Motor Company, in Detroit, Michigan; Ben, manager of the Beil-Evans Printing Company, of Youngstown; and Joseph, of whom we write. Acquiring a practical education in the Front Street School, Joseph Evans began work when young, and at the age of seventeen years held a responsible position with the W. H. Lewis Pump Company, a part of the time serving as manager of the plant. At the end of four years he went to Pittsburgh, and was there employed in the offices of the Ward-Mackey Biscuit Company for a year. Returning then to Youngstown, Mr. Evans was for four years connected with the wall paper and carpet department of the H. S. Williams store, a position that he resigned to become manager of the Youngstown plant of the Telling-Belle Vernon Company, which under his supervision is carrying on an extensive and rapidly increasing business. Mr. Evans married, in 1911, Marie, daughter of William Bowstead, of Pittsburgh. Mr. Evans is a member of the Free and Accepted Order of Masons, belonging to the blue lodge, chapter and commandery and is a member of Al Koran Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine of Cleveland, Ohio. He is also a member of the Order of the United Commercial Travelers of America. DAVID JAMES MORGAN, present county commissioner of Mahoning County, is one of the men whose influence and work have entered largely into the program of good roads as carried out in the Youngstown district. He has spent practically all his life at Youngstown, where he was born March 8, 1868, son of William T. and Ruth (James) Morgan. His father was born at Breckenshire, Wales, and came to this country in 186o, sojourning for a short time in Canada and afterward settling in Youngstown. He was a coal miner, which was practically a life occupation. He died in 1913 at the age of eighty-six. His wife was killed in a street car accident at Youngstown in 1905 at the age of sixty-four. She was a constant church goer and she and her husband were members of the Welsh Congregational Church. William T. Morgan during his early experiences in the mines of the Youngstown District worked for C. H. Andrews and other old time mine operators, including W. H. Wick. David James Morgan was one of a family of 378 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY three sons and one daughter. Thomas, the oldest, is a coal miner, living at Newman in Stark County, for many years has held the post of d00rkeeper of the State Senate, and was a friend of the late William McKinley and held a post in the census enumeration during the McKinley administration. John Morgan is connected with the automobile plant of the Studebaker Company at Detroit. The only daughter, May, is the wife of Carl Orr of Youngstown. David James Morgan received his early education at Thornhill, and after leaving school he spent three years in the mines. He also worked as a farmer and was employed in the Rolling Mill and Valley Mill at Youngstown, and later was a puddler at the Haselton Plant. For the past twenty years Mr. Morgan has been actively identified with public affairs. He served as township trustee from 1898 to 1907. Since then he has been actively connected with the highway department of the county, working with the good roads board. Mahoning County now has 300 miles of high class roads, and Mr. Morgan has had something to do with them all. At a recent election he was chosen to serve as county commissioner. December 22, 1892, Mr. Morgan married Miss Mary Morgan, daughter of Samuel Morgan. She was born at Youngstown, Ohio. Their two daughters are Irene and Doris, both of whom attended the Shehy School and are graduates of the Rayen High School. They are now teachers in the public schools, having taken their normal work in the Youngstown Training School. Mr. Morgan is affiliated with Youngstown Lodge No. 403, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and is a member of St. David's Society. ROCCO ANDREW MONTANI, M. D. Eight years a resident of Youngstown, Doctor Montani has gained an enviable position in his profession and is not only a high-minded and successful physician and surgeon but a thorough and deeply patriotic American citizen. Doctor Montani was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, April 28, 1884, a son of Ferdinand and Maria (Giuseppa) Montani. His parents were young people when they came to the United States from Italy. His father was a broker. The Montanis comprised a very musical family, and their talents gave a justified fame to the Montani musical organization, which existed for a number of years and frequently fnrnished musical entertainment to Indianapolis and many cities of the state. As a family they enjoyed the personal friendship of Vice President Fairbanks and President Harrison and other notables of Indianapolis. Ferdinand Montani and wife had three children, the other two sons being: Domenick A., an attorney at Youngstown, and Anthony, a student in the University of West Virginia. Doctor Montani graduated from the manual training school at Indianapolis in June, 1904, spent two years in the Indiana State University at Bloomington, and graduated from the Indianapolis Medical College in 191o. For one year he was an interne in the Indianapolis City Hospital. It was through the influence of his friend Giovanni Passarelli, former Italian consul at Indianapolis and now a well known Youngstown banker, that Doctor Montani came to Youngstown and began practice. His choice of a home is one that he has always considered fortunate, and here he has not only found friends, but many opportunities for usefulness. He is serving on the staff of St. Elizabeth Hospital and has taken numerous postgraduate courses. He is a member of the Mahoning Medical Society, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association, is an Elk and a member of St. Columba's Catholic Church. May 3, 1911, he married Eufrasia R. Marone, a native of Italy. Their three children are Maria, Ferdinand and Teresa. MAX E. BRUNSWICK, of Youngstown, has earned much prestige as a lawyer, and a large and important clientage has been attracted to him since he began practice. Mr. Brunswick was born in Youngstown May 11, 1879, son of Emanuel and Jennie (Kalisky) Brunswick. Emanuel Brunswick was a native of Switzerland, the oldest republic in the world. The mother is a native of New York State, and descended from an early colonial family. Thus Max E. Brunswick is not only an American by birth, but of thorough republican traditions and inheritance. Emanuel Brunswick came to the United States forty-five years ago and has been a citizen of Youngstown forty-one years. All of that time he has been connected with the dyeing and dry cleaning business, having one of the oldest establishments in the city. The original way of spelling his name was Braunsweig. His friends decided the name was too long and called his Brown, and most of the people of the city know him so. He and Jennie Kalisky were married in. Cleveland, where her people had located from Elmira, New York. Both are members of the Jewish Temple. They are the parents of three children: Cecile, wife of Charles N. Levy, of Youngstown; Hyman W., an attorney; and Max E. Max E. Brunswick attended the Wood Street School, graduating in 1894, and graduated from the Rayen High School in 1898. He afterward attended Western Reserve University at Cleveland, graduating in 1902, and after being admitted to the bar entered the office of General T. W. Sanderson at Youngstown. He was associated with General Sanderson until the latter's death six years later. Mr. Brunswick is the proud possessor of the Ohio section of General Sanderson's law library, one of the choicest collections of law books in Northeastern Ohio. This part of the library was willed to him by General Sanderson. Mr. Brunswick served two terms as city solicitor, his term of office expiring January 1, I920, when he resumed the practice of law, with offices at 507 Mahoning Bank Building. June 11, 1908, he married Miss Dorothy Friedman, daughter of Isaac Friedman of Youngstown. They were married on his mother's thirtieth wedding anniversary. Mr. and Mrs. Brunswick have two children: Max E., Jr., and Jean Louise. Mr. Brunswick served as president of the Jewish Temple Building Commission, is a former president of the congregation, and is a life member of its Board of Trustees. He is affiliated with the Elks, Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Protective Home Circle. YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 379 MARTIN J. CARNEY. A well known city official of Youngstown, Martin J. Carney has served as clerk of the Municipal Court since January 11, 1910, having devoted his entire time and attention to the duties of his position, and that his work has been duly appreciated is proved by his long tenure of office. A son of the late Martin Carney, he was born June i8, 1874, in Staffordshire, England, which was his home as a small child. While a resident of England Martin Carney worked in the coal mines, but desirous of advancing his material condition he immigrated to the United States with his wife and children, settling in Youngstown, Ohio, where he secured work in the iron plants, being for a time with the Brown-Bonnell Company. Eventually becoming connected with the city street department, he continued as one of its employes until his death, November 11, 1913, aged seventy-five years. His wife, whose maiden name was Ann Berry, is now living with her son Martin J., being a hale and hearty woman of four score years. She is a devout member of Saint Columba's Church, to which her husband also belonged. Of the five children born of her marriage, two, Katherine and Anna, died in early womanhood, and three are living, as follows : Martin J., the special subject of this brief sketch; Mary, wife- of William Landers, a conductor on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad; and Lizzie, wife of Edward Stivers, a stone contractor, living in Kent, Ohio. Acquiring his education in Saint Columba's School, Martin J. Carney, being the only son of the parental household, began to help support the family as a boy of fourteen years. Entering the American Sheet & Tube Plant in a minor capacity, he was promoted from time to time, and while holding a responsible position in the stock department resigned from the work. Going to Pennsylvania, he secured a position on the Pennsylvania Railroad, and after eight years was made brakeman on the same road, a position which he held for six years, when he had the misfortune to lose his left leg, having it taken off just above the knee. Mr. Carney, when able to resume work, entered the employ of the Republic Iron & Steel Company at the Bessemer Plant, with which he was actively identified until 191o, when he was appointed clerk of the Police Court by Judge Brand Miller, a position which he is ably and satisfactorily filling. Mr. Carney married, in 1899, Minnie H. Landers, who was born in Youngstown, a daughter of William and Mary Landers, and a sister of William Landers, Jr. Six children have been born of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Carney, namely : Edward, a graduate of the Rayen High School and now with the Truscon Steel Company; Marie McGrath, attending the graded schools; Frank, also in school; Dorothy; Wilford; and Grace. The family are all members of Saint Columba's Roman Catholic Church. Mr. Carney, a talented musician, belongs to the choir of that church, and sang at Father Mears's silver and golden jubilees. He is a member of the Knights of Columbus ; of the Ancient Order of Hibernians of America; and of the Modern Woodmen of America. OTTO MEDICUS is a fine representative of the native born citizens of Youngstown, possesses mechanical ability and genius of a high order, and as a carpenter and contractor has been actively identified with the upbuilding of this section of the Mahoning Valley. A son of Charles H. and Theresa Medicus, he was born January 10, 1887, and was educated in the Hillman, West Side and Elm Street schools, attending regularly throughout the days of his boyhood and youth. Following in the footsteps of his father, Mr. Medicus learned the carpenter’s trade, and since growing to manhood has been more or less associated with his father in the building business as a member of the firm of C. H. Medicus & Son. He is a member of the Youngstown Builders' Exchange, and since April, 1918, has served his native city as building inspector, filling that exacting position with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of all those who have the best interests of the community at heart. Mr. Medicus married, in 1907, Blanche, daughter of Samuel Schontz, and they have two sons, Robert and Mark. Both Mr. and Mrs. Medicus are consistent members of Grace English Lutheran Church. CHARLES H. MEDICUS. A man of sterling worth and integrity, Charles H. Medicus has been a resident of Youngstown for upwards of forty years, and during that time, as a carpenter and builder, has had something to do with the construction of many of the more prominent public buildings, churches and residences of the city. He was born in 1853 in Germany, a son of Frederich Charles Medicus, a Frenchman, who died in early life. Left fatherless at the age of ten years, Charles H. Medicus came to the United States alone three years later, joining an uncle, Joseph Medicus, in Philadelphia. Migrating to Ohio in 1876, he spent three years in Cleveland, and in 1879 came to Youngstown to work for C. H. Andrews, with whom he remained five years, becoming proficient in his trades of carpenter and stair builder, at which he had previously worked in both Philadelphia and Baltimore. Becoming a contractor on his own account in 1884, Mr. Medicus secured his full share of constructive work in the city, among other buildings that he erected having been the residences of Thomas Wells, John R. Squires, John Brennan, Thomas Parrock, and others; the Park Theatre; many church and school buildings; twelve buildings and the offices for the Republic Iron & Steel Company; and erected two large business buildings for David Tod. He also superintended the construction of the Mercer County Court House, Mercer, Pennsylvania; superintended the building of the Youngstown Young Woman's Christian Association Building; built the Rodef Sholem Temple on Elm Street in Youngstown, Ohio; the Julius Kahn Residence on Tod Lane and many other residences in Youngstown, and also superintended the erection of the Reuben McMillan Free Library. Mr. Medicus married, in 1880, Theresa, daughter of August Fischer, and into their pleasant home five sons and three daughters have been born, namely : Charles A., who had been associated in business with his father, died January 19, 1919, aged 380 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY thirty-eight years; Emiel, a noted musician, is a resident of Asheville, North Carolina; Otto, of whom a brief sketch is given elsewhere in this volume; Randall, an architect, is associated with Paul Boucherle, of Youngstown; Fred, an architect, now in business with his father, served in France for a year during the World war, being with the Motor Supply Department; Henrietta, wife of Andrew Brackett, of this city; Augusta, wife of Stuart Henry, of Youngstown; and Augusta, the first daughter, died at the age of five years. Mr. Medicus and family are members of Grace English Lutheran Church, and he erected the church edifice. He is an active member of the Builders' Exchange. Politically he is a republican, but he casts his vote, regardless of party restrictions, for those he deems best fitted for the office. NATE H. FORSYTH. A man of energy and enterprise, possessing much business ability and tact, Nate H. Forsyth, a well-known pattern maker of Yonngstown, is actively identified with the advancement of the manufacturing interests of Mahoning County, being president and manager of the Youngstown Pattern Company, of which Ex-Mayor A. W. Craver is the secretary. A son of Richard N. Forsyth, he was born in Baltimore, Maryland, August 9, 1864. Richard N. Forsyth was born and bred in Virginia, where he learned the trade of a moulder. Settling in Maryland, he was for many years a foreman in the shops of that state, but during the Civil war was in the Union service as an inspector of guns, being located in Baltimore. He married Benann Parsons, a native of Maryland, and into their home a large family of children were born. Religiously he was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and fraternally he was one of the first members of the Knights of Pythias. The third child of the parental household, Nate H. Forsyth was educated in the public schools, and at the age of sixteen years began learning the pattern maker's trade, working for two years in the Nordyke-Marmon plant at Indianapolis, Indiana. Completing his trade with the Walker Manufacturing Company of Cleveland, Ohio, he subsequently followed his trade in various cities of the Middle West, gaining valuable knowledge and experience. In 1880 Mr. Forsyth came to Mahoning County and was one of the organizers of the Buckeye Pattern Company, which was located on East Federal Street, on the site now occupied by the Yonngstown Ice Company. Three years later, as head of the newly established Forsyth Pattern Works, he opened a shop on North Watt Street, at the Erie Railroad Crossing, and two years thereafter moved to the Malaber Building. Subsequently the firm, under the name of the Forsyth Pattern Company, was located for a time on East Madison Avenue, at the McGuffey Street Bridge. Since the formation of the Youngstown Pattern Company, of which Mr. Forsyth is president and manager, the plant, which is constructed of concrete especially for the pattern works, has been located at the corner of Oak Street and Andrews Avenue. Mr. Forsyth has the distinction of having opened the first job shop in the city, being the pioneer pattern maker. Mr. Forsyth married in Bucyrus, Ohio, Miss Allie E., daughter of Fred Tipple. Mr. and Mrs. Forsyth have two children, Nate F. and Allen R. Rev. Nate F. Forsyth is now in Whiting, Indiana, where he is engaged in Americanization work. He recived the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Maine, at Orino, Maine, and was graduated from the Boston School of Theology. Allen R. Forsyth, a graduate of the University of Ohio, served during the recent World war with the Youngstown Base Hospital. He is now engaged at 909-911 Elm Street in the drug business. Religiously Mr. Forsyth is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and fraternally he belongs to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Chamber of Commerce. JEROME HULL is county superintendent of schools in Mahoning County. He has lived in this county all his life and was actively identified with teaching and school administration before he was elected to his present office. Mr. Hull was born on a farm in Ellsworth Township October 3, 1881, son of Eddie M. and Mary Ellen (Baird) Hull. The Hulls are an old and prominent family of Mahoning County. His great- grandfather, Andrew Hull, was an American soldier rn the War of 1812, and from his early home in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, moved to Northeastern Ohio. Soon after his arrival here a son, Michael Hull, was born, who spent his life as a prosperous farmer. He was closely identified with the progress of his community and helped build the United Brethren Church in Berlin Township, the church in which he worshiped the rest of his days. His oldest son, Hiram, was a Union soldier during the Civil war. E. M. Hull was born in Berlin Township, Ma- honing County, April 20, 1857, and died July 28, 1919, on a farm in Ellsworth Township, where he had resided for forty years. He had become well to do in the practice of agriculture. He had a district school education and in after years served as director and trustee of his local schools. Like his father he was very handy with tools. E. M. Hull's mother was of Scotch parentage. On September 25, 1878, E. M. Hull married Miss Mary Ellen Baird, who was born in Green Township of Mahoning County. Her father, Jacob Baird, was a successful trader, a good farmer and a successful business man, and was a highly respected member of his community. Mary Ellen Hull was born sixty years ago. She is a member of the Reformed Church. Her three children are: Charles, a farmer and salesman living in Canfield Township; Monroe, a farmer in Ellsworth Township; and Jerome. Jerome Hull attended the schools of Ellsworth Township and took both his preparatory and normal collegiate courses in Canfield, receiving his degree from the Northeast Ohio Normal in 1904. He taught two district schools before graduating. After leaving the Normal he was for four years principal of the village schools in Canfield, and for six years superintendent of the Boardman centralized schools. His excellent work in those schools gave him a high standing in the county, and with a recognition of his YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 381 qualifications the people of Mahoning County had no difficulty in discriminating in his favor when the choice came for a county superintendent. Mr. Hull is a member of the Northeast Ohio Teachers' Association, the Ohio State Teachers' Association and the National Educational Association, and is a member of Canfield Lodge of Masons. During the war he was personally and through his county office very active in the different war campaigns. WILLIAM WILSON McDOWELL. Youngstown has been more fortunate than many industrial cities in the matter of police organization. The efficiency and honor of this department are due largely to the long service of William Wilson McDowell as chief of police. Mr. McDowell, now head of the McDowell Detective Agency, was head of the police department for twenty years, and also served as director of public safety. He was born in Greenville, Pennsylvania, May 1, 1859, and came to manhood after a severe battle with poverty and hardship. His parents were Mathias and Jane (Leech) McDowell, also natives of Greenville. Mathias McDowell died December 25, 1865, leaving his widow and a family of nine children, the care and support of whom devolved upon the good mother, who had few resources to aid her in the struggle. She lived to be about sixty years of age and died thirty years ago. William Wilson McDowell was next to the youngest in the family and even as a boy he had to work and contribute to the support of the family. A part of his education was much neglected. At the age of nineteen he began learning the trade of carriage maker and blacksmithing in Greenville. The first year he was paid fifty cents a day, the second year seventy-five cents, the third year a dollar a day. It was in the capacity of a mechanic that he first became known in Youngstown, being employed at the Siegfried-Lemley shop, which stood where the Ohio Hotel is located. Mr. McDowell became a member of the Youngstown police force in 189o. Youngstown at that time was little more than a village. In 1894 he was promoted to chief of police, and filled that office until 1914. During these twenty years Youngstown made its forward strides as a great industrial center, but at all times and in all emergencies Mr. McDowell was fully prepared and equipped to cope with every situation that arose. There were numerous strikes during those twenty years, but never once did Mr. McDowell appeal to the aid of the militia. It was understood by the strikers that they could expect absolutely fair and impartial treatment from the chief of the police. As long as property was protected and law and order maintained they were certain to receive a square deal. Five years after retiring from the office of chief of police, Mr. McDowell was made director of public safety in January, 1919, and held the office until January I, 1920. When he took charge of the police force it comprised fifteen members. Twenty years later, when he left, there were ninety-seven under his supervision. Upon retiring from the department of public safety in 1920 Mr. McDowell organized the McDowell Detective Agency and is well equipped with a corps of efficient help to pursue this profession,. making a specialty of private work. In 1887 he married Ida Hunter, daughter of Alec Hunter, of Mercer, Pennsylvania. They have three children : Gertrude, wife of A. H. Hughes ; Randall Montgomery, of Youngstown; and Helen J., wife of J. J. Harris, of Youngstown. Mrs. McDowell and children are members of the Plymouth Church. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias and Elks.. JAMES B. MOORE, one of the leading residents of Poland Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, and owner of one of the best farming properties in that section, is an enterprising and skillful farmer, well representative of the successful agriculturists of the state. His farm, upon which he has lived all his life, is situated about 2 1/2 miles to the northward of Lowellville, Poland Township, and the nucleus of it has been in the possession of the M00re family for more than a century, the family thus having good place among the pioneer settlers in the Mahoning Valley. James B. Moore has operated a threshing machine equipment for thirty years, and throughout his manhood has manifested a commendable and useful public spirit. He has been a school director for eighteen years, and for many years has been an elder of his church. He was born in the Moore family homestead, which is now his, in Poland Township on March 15, 1857, the son of James and grandson of John, his birth occurring about forty-three years after that of his father, James, Sr., on the same place. John Moore, pioneer ancestor and grandfather of James B., was born March 17, 1782, in Washington County, Pennsylvania. Mary Oram, who became his wife on April 1, 1801, was born in the same county on December 27, 1785. Soon after the marriage John Moore and his wife and a neighbor, John Buchanan and his wife, came on horseback into the Western Reserve and settled on adjoining tracts of wild land in Poland Township, Mahoning County, Ohio. All of the children of John and Mary (Oram) Moore were born in Poland Township. They included James, Sr., father of James B. James, Sr., was born July 23, 1814, and was destined eventually to marry the daughter of John Buchanan, the companion of his father and fellow-pioneer. James Moore was married on June 11, 1844, to Amy Buchanan,, who was born October 19, 1818, on the farm that adjoined the Moore property. Her parents, John and Mary (Applegate) Buchanan, like his parents died in Poland Township, which eventually was also the place of their deaths, James Moore dying on August 29, 1872, and Amy (Buchanan) Moore, his widow, on March 17, 1881. James Moore, Sr., lived his whole life on the farm, industriously developing it, clearing the timber, and gradually bringing the land into good tillable state. He built a comfortable house, in which his family lived during the latter part of his life, although the frame house built by his father, John Moore, in 1835 still stands, their original log house having apparently been demolished. James and Amy (Buchanan) Moore were the parents of the following children: Mary Amy, 382 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY who married Walter Buchanan, and they both died in Missouri; Margaret, who married Morrison Dickson, and died at Lowellville, Poland Township ; Edna, who married William McKinley, their home being in Trumbull County, Ohio; Rose, the wife of John McNevin, of Youngstown ; John, who lives in Hubbard Township, Trumbull County, Ohio ; and is a well-known educator, having been a school teacher in the Mahoning Valley for forty years ; James, of whom more follows ; Catherine, who married David Duer, of Trumbull County, and is now deceased; David, who lives in Struthers, Poland Township. James B., son of James and Amy (Buchanan) Moore, was born on the Moore homestead in Poland Township, March 15, 1857, and has remained on it throughout his life. He was educated in the schoolhouse on his own farm, and long before he had left school had been in the habit of undertaking many of the minor tasks of the home farm. And after his schooling had ended he took resolutely to the more burdensome operations of the farm. Eventually he bought out the heirs in about sixty acres of the old Moore tract, and now has more than eighty acres. He has farmed his holding well, and his industry has shown itself in the improvements he now has upon the property, all of which he built. His farming has been of the general character, and he has had good success with cattle. He is interested in almost all that pertains to agriculture, has profited by his close attention to the modern methods of farming, many of the more practical of which he has introduced into his own operations. His farm is maintained in a high state of fertility, and is one of the modern properties of the community. For many years he has, more or less, operated a threshing machine, at convenient times, when the affairs of his own farm have not been pressing. Mr. Moore has shown a useful spirit of co-operation in the affairs of the township, and generally has been a willing supporter of community movements and responsibility. He has for eighteen years been a member of the school board, and in many other ways has proved himself to be a public-spirited citizen. During the recent war he demonstrated his loyalty in a very practical manner, applying himself more closely to matters of production and of increased production upon his home farm, and to the prevention of waste. He also contributed as much as he was able to to the various loans asked for the purposes of the nation in the war. On November 17, 1885, he married Carrie Belle Kerns, daughter of Levi and Nancy (Sherrer) Kerns, of Poland Township. Her father, who was born near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, married in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, in early manhood. Soon afterward he came with his wife into Ohio, settling on a farm which is now included in the boundaries of Struthers Village, Poland Township, Mahoning County, where for forty-seven years he lived and farmed industriously for the greater part of the time. His daughter, Mrs. Moore, was born on the farm on November 17, 1857. She was well educated, and after completing her schooling became a teacher, teaching in the public schools of Mahoning County for nine terms prior to her marriage to James B. Moore. Four children were born to James B. and Carrie B. (Kerns) Moore : Bertha May, who was born on August 29, 1886, died March 15, 1915, aged twenty-eight years. She had been well educated, had graduated from the Rayen High School, Youngstown, and had been a very well- regarded teacher in the Lowellville schools for nine years prior to her decease. She had also been very earnest and active in church and Sunday school work. Clyde Lewis, who was born on October 27, 1888, attended Lowellville school, and graduated from the Rayen High School in 1914, and also graduated from the Ohio State University as a civil engineer in which professional capacity he is connected with Youngstown people now. During the war he did valuable Government work, having been in Government service for eighteen months during the emergency. He was assigned because of his technical training to work as an inspector of aeroplane material at Buffalo. He had for two years prior to the war been doing Government work at the Madison, Wisconsin, State University, that work being in connection with railroad valuation. Herman Clifford, born June 21, 1891, graduated from Lowellville High School, after which he gave his whole time to matters connected with the operation of the farm. Edna Louise is deceased. She was born on March 4; 1896, and died January 8, 1917. After graduating from the Lowellville High School, and taking the course at the Normal Sch00l at Canfield, Mahoning County, she gave every promise of a successful career as a teacher, when death suddenly ended her life, in her twenty-first year. SAMUEL SIDDALL. One of the prominent and successful business men of the Mahoning Valley is Samuel Siddall, of Warren, who has been closely identified with the industrial interests of the valley for the last twenty-five years and who, as a progressive and popular citizen, has been prominent in the civic and social affairs of Warren for the last ten years. While not a native of the valley, Mr. Siddall has spent his mature years amidst its haze and smoke, which haze and smoke his efforts helped to create. He was born April 23, 1865, at Sharon, Pennsylvania, just over the state line, and is of English parentage. His father, the late Samuel Siddall, was born in England in 1825, came to the United States when young, and was for many years superintendent of coal mines at Sharon. He married Mary E. Urmson, who was born in England in 1827, and, like her husband, came to America in her young days. The father died in 1905, the mother in 1907. Samuel Siddall (2d) was educated in the public schools and the Sharon (Pennsylvania) Business College. He began his active career as messenger boy for the Western Union Telegraph Company at Sharon. He learned telegraphy and in time was appointed operator at the Sharon station of the Erie Railway. Still in the service of that railroad, he came to Warren in the fall of 1883 as clerk and operator, and in 1889 was given the larger responsibilities of freight and ticket agent in charge of the main line of the Erie and of the Mahoning Division. His service as a railroad man continued until July 1, 1893, when he left the Erie to join J. W. and W. D. YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 383 Packard in the manufacture of incandescent lamps, motors and transformers, the Packard Company at that time being one of the chief industries at Warren, as it is today. He was assistant to the secretary-treasurer of the company and the trusted and confidential adviser and executive for the brothers. He left the Packard Company late in 1894 to become traveling salesman for the Union Iron and Steel Company of Youngstown, of which Myron C. Wick was president, George D. Wick, vice president, and W. E. Taylor, secretary and treasurer. This corporation in 1897 put him in charge of its sales department. The American Steel Hoop Company upon its organization absorbed the plant and business of the Union Iron & Steel Company, and the new corporation sent Mr. Siddall to Chicago as its sales agent, later transferring him to Cincinnati as district sales manager, where he continued until the organization of the United States Steel Corporation, at which time the American Steel Hoop Company was absorbed by the Carnegie Steel Company. After some other interesting relations with the iron and steel business Mr. Siddall in 1906 became secretary of the Garry Iron & Steel Company of Cleveland, which had been reorganized and financed by the Wick interests of Youngstown. George D. Wick became president of the new company. In the spring of 1907 Mr. Siddall was made treasurer and general manager of the Garry Company. In the spring of 1910 the Garry Company bought the Empire Iron & Steel Company at Niles, of which Jonathan Warner was president and principal owner. This business was reorganized with George D. 'Wick as president and Mr. Siddall as vice president and general manager, and under their management the plant continued operation until February 1, 1912, when both the Empire Iron & Steel Company and the Garry Iron & Steel Company were sold to the Brier Hill Steel Company. At that point Mr. Siddall took the opportunity of getting a well merited vacation, and spent several months at his summer home on Georgian Bay. In December, 1912, he returned to active business by buying an interest in the Warren Iron and Steel Company and became its secretary and treasurer, later vice president and treasurer. His experience and ability guided this corporation through a period of increasing prosperity until September 1, 1919, when he disposed of all his interests in the company and has since practically been retired from active business. Mr. Siddall is affiliated with Old Erie Lodge No. 3, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, Mahoning Chapter No. 66, Royal Arch Masons, is president of the Warren Rotary Club, president of the Wesleyan Club of Warren and a member of the First Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a member of the American Iron and Steel Institute and the Youngstown Club. Mr. Siddall married Katherine E. Graham, daughter of Robert T. Graham of Warren. Mr. Siddall is a selfmade man in the truest sense of that often abused term, for he began his business career at the very bottom of the ladder, and has climbed to success through inherent ability and persistent application, backed up by ambition to succeed. His popularity as a busmess man and citizen prevails not only in Warren and the Mahoning Valley, but likewise in other parts of the country, and is the natural result of these traits of character and his personality, a combination which has brought him business success and a place among industrial leaders. He has been intimately associated with many of the men of big business of this part of the country, among whom he measures up in both ability and achievement. As a business man he has won a place among the leaders, as a private citizen he is by public opinion accorded a place among the worth-while men of Warren, and his personality has endeared him to his intimates and commands the respect of all who know him. WILLIAM TUDOR GRISWOLD. One of the men of Warren who has made himself conspicuous as an upright and dependable merchant, is W. T. Griswold. He is descended from two old families of the Western Reserve. Judge Griswold, who was the founder of the family in the Buckeye State left his native state of Connecticut for the Western Reserve in 1799, and his grandson, Hiram Griswold, grandfather of William T. Griswold, was born in an ox cart while the family was en route. Judge Griswold came of English ancestry. He became the leading citizen of Windsor, Ashtabula County, Ohio, where he settled. Solomon Howes, the maternal grandfather, was also a native of Connecticut, and an early settler in the Town of Windsor, Ashtabula County. Ezra Griswold, father of William T. Griswold, was born at Windsor, Ashtabula County, Ohio, and spent all of his life in that county in the store and on the farm. His wife, Elvira (Howes) Griswold, was born in Connecticut and came with her parents to Ohio when she was a girl. W. T. Griswold was born at Windsor, Ashtabula County, Ohio, on February 12, 1864. He was reared on the farm and educated in the district schools and the New Lynne Institute. Following the completion of his studies he taught school for one year, and then clerked in a country store for about five years. During this period he was developing his capabilities and saving his money. By 1889 he was able to establish himself in a business of his own at Warren, Ohio, where he opened a "racket store" on a very small scale, with a capital not to exceed $1,000, but it was his own, and he knew how to run it so that it was a success from the start, and grew with each year. Its expansion was so great that in 1906 Mr. Griswold incorporated it as The Griswold Company, the incorporation being a close one, confined to himself and his employes. As an evidence of the growth of the business it may be stated that his initial yearly volume of business during 1889 of $15,000 has been expanded until in 1919 it aggregated $400,000. Mr. Griswold is now and always has been treasurer and general manager of the company, and to his ability, foresight and acumen more than to any other influence, the success of his company is due. Mr. Griswold has other business interests, among which may be mentioned a directorship in the Union Savings and Trust Company of Warren. He is a member of the Warren Board of Trade, the Trumbull Club and Warren Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows. 384 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHON1NG VALLEY In 1891 Mr. Griswold was united in marriage with Miss Mabel Hull, of Vernon Township, Trumbull County, and five children have been born to them : Truman H., who was graduated from Cornell University in 1915, has been a chemist in the employ of the United States Government. Ralph E. was graduated from Cornell University in 1917, after a five years' course, during which he specialized in landscape gardening. He enlisted for service during the great war, served in France, winning four stars, and after the signing of the armistice took a special course in France. He is now a student in the American Academy at Rome, Italy, to which institution he won a three-year fellowship. Wade E. was graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1918, was commissioned junior lieutenant, served with the American fleet in the North Sea during the World war, and is now attached to the western fleet. Oliver T. is a student at St. John's Military Academy. Mabel Louise is now in high school in Washington, District of Columbia. ROBERT W. KAY. Many years of faithful service have earned Robert W. Kay a place of esteem and confidence in several well known business enterprises of the Youngstown district. Since going into business for himself he has been at the head of a leading automobile sales agency in the city. Mr. Kay was born on what is now Commerce Street in Youngstown January 16, 1871. son of Frank J., and Etta (Hoyt) Kaiser. On March II, 1918, by a court order Robert for obvious reasons had his name changed to Robert W. Kay. His father, who was born in Germany in 1841, was only a child when his people settled in Cleveland, Ohio. From there he removed to New Bloomfield, then to Rock Creek, and many years ago came to Youngstown. He was a good, honest shoemaker and shoe merchant, and later for many years was with Myron Wick in the iron mill, until he was retired on a pension. He is an active member of the Belmont Avenue Methodist Church, a Mason and a republican. His wife died in 1903. They were the parents of six children: Clara, wife of Frank Probst, of Wheeling, West Virginia; Frank G., who was killed by lightning while living in Popland Township ; Fannie, wife of C. J. Greer ; Orson D., who also had his name changed to Kay, is general auditor in the General Fire Proofing Company, at Youngstown ; and Lillie, wife of F. E. Wierman, of Salem. Robert W. Kay acquired his early education in the public schools, also had private tutors, took special courses with the International Correspondence School at Scranton, attended night schools, and never lost an opportunity to learn from every available source what he could about business and his own special line of employment. His first regular wages were earned as an office boy with the Mahoning Valley Iron Company. When he left that firm two years later he was shipper in the shafting works. For a short time he was shipper for the Falcon Company at Niles, and then entered the office of the Youngstown Street Railway Company under Uncle Billie Cornelius. From there he went to the Union Iron and Steel Company as assistant shipper, and was employed at Youngstown, Pittsburgh, New York and other points, in the invoice department. His longest single service was sixteen years with the Youngstown Iron and Steel Roofing Company. He was chief clerk of that business until the plant .was sold. Then followed a few months of well earned rest, after which he took up the selling of automobiles. His first place of business was on Commerce Street, and since April, 1918, the Kay Motor Company has been at 789 Wick Avenue. This company maintain a very commodious and handsome garage and showrooms, and are the authorized agents of the Chalmers and Maxwell cars. Mr. Kay married October 1, 1891, Rebecca Powell, daughter of William and Louisa Powell. She was born at Girardville, Pennsylvania. They are members of the Belmont Avenue Methodist Church. Mr. Kay is a past master of Hillman Lodge, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, is a Knight Templar and Scottish Rite Mason and Shriner, and a member of the Youngstown Automobile Club and Chamber of Commerce. WILLIAM A. NERACHER. The story of the Neracher family involves, however briefly, the history of one of the great American industries, one of the original branches of which has always been at Warren. This is the General Fire Extinguisher Company, which, many years ago had its modest beginning at Warren as The Neracher Sprinkler Company. The founder of the business was the late William Neracher, who was born in Switzerland in 1841 and came to this country with his parents at the age of nine years. At the opening of the Civil war he enlisted as a private in the Twentieth Ohio Battery, Field Artillery, at Cleveland, and served all through the war, and for good soldierly qualities and conduct was commissioned a second lieutenant and at the end of the struggle was the youngest official of that rank in the Ohio Artillery. After the war he became a member of his father's firm, operating under the name of Joseph Neracher & Brothers, proprietors of a planing mill and cabinet factory on Clifton Street in Cleveland, Ohio. William Neracher was of an inventive turn of mind—a man of far-seeing mechanical genius. He had some fifteen or twenty inventions to his credit, the last and best amongst them being the Neracher automatic fire sprinkler, the result of many years of experimentation. Mr. Neracher finally completed it to his satisfaction and had it patented in the United States and in foreign countries, and then undertook the equally difficult task of gaining a market. To recite all the difficulties in the way and to describe the prejudices which had to be overcome would be a long story in itself, but he battled against all obstacles and patiently submitted his invention to repeated demonstrations and tests under actual fire. One of the earliest plants equipped with the Neracher sprinkler system was the Diamond Match Works at Akron, of which the late Ohio C. Barber was president. So well satisfied were Mr. Barber and his associates with the practicability of the automatic sprinkler system and with its business future that he bought a half interest in the patent. At that time Mr. Barber was president of the Paige YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 385 Tube Works at Warren. It was for that reason that Warren was determined upon as the home of the sprinkler works, since the Paige Tube Company could supply it with all its piping. The Neracher Sprinkler Company was accordingly organized, and quietly took its place among the industries of Warren. At that time John Hill of Columbus, Georgia, was making another type of sprinkler. The Neracher company bought the Hill patents and combined the two businesses under the firm name of the Neracher & Hill Sprinkler Company, continuing the manufacture of sprinkler equipments both at Warren, Ohio, and in Columbus, Georgia. Later on the sprinkler patents of Joseph Clapp of Chicago and of John Kane of Philadelphia were acquired. Then a few years later came a still larger amalgamation, when the Neracher & Hill Sprinkler Company consolidated with the Providence Steam & Gas Pipe Company of Providence, Rhode Island, the latter being manufacturers of the well known Grinnell sprinkler. As a result of this consolidation there was incorporated in the State of New York the General Fire Extinguisher Company, which has since maintained its two main plants at Warren, Ohio, and at Providence, Rhode Island. This is now a national and international industry with branch plants at Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Georgia, Charlotte, North Carolina, Montreal and Toronto, Canada, and Vancouver, British Columbia. In the meantime the Warren plant had continned to grow and prosper, with William Neracher, Sr., as general manager and director. He was actively identified with the business until his death in 1903, at the age of sixty-two. William Neracher married Margaret Susan Kaiser, who was born in Germany in 1848 and is still residing at Cleveland, Ohio. Their son, William A. Neracher, now second vice president, director and member of the executive committee of the General Fire Extinguisher Company, was born in Cleveland, June 7, 1868. He was reared and educated in his native city, attending public and parochial schools. At the age of fourteen he was earning his living working for the Rhodes and Beidler Coal Company of Cleveland. He remained with the coal company five years, but in the meantime put in many extra hours at night helping his father at sprinkler engineering work. His father at that time was making almost unaided his original types of sprinklers. At the age of nineteen the son was admitted to partnership with his father, and before the age of twenty-one was a member of the Neracher Sprinkler Company at Warren, of which a year later he was elected secretary. He has ever since been an executive officer of the various companies and is today one of the vice presidents of the larger corporation already noted. In addition Mr. Neracher is president of the Borden Company at Warren ; president of the Berkshire Hills Company of Great Barrington, Massachusetts, and vice president of the General Phonograph Corporation of New York, the largest independent musical machine manufacturing concern in the world. In his home city Mr. W. A. Neracher is identified with the Warren City Hospital as a trustee and is a member of the Warren Rotary Club, the Country Club, Knights of Columbus and of the Board of Trade. G. LUDWIG KNAPP. Through his operations covering a period of five years G. Ludwig Knapp has established a very enviable and substantial position among the real estate men of the City of Warren. Mr. Knapp, whose earlier career was spent as a machinist, was born at Girard, Ohio, April 23, 1888, a son of Mathew J. Knapp. His father, who was born at Hillsdale, Michigan, September 19, 1861, was for many years a merchant at Girard and retired from business only a few years ago. G. Ludwig Knapp was reared and educated in Girard and at the age of sixteen began an apprenticeship at the machinist's trade with the Harris Automatic Press Company at Niles. After that he followed his trade in Youngstown, Geneva, Canton, Cleveland, Chicago, and South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. He first came to Warren in March, 1911, but a year later went to Cleveland and for three years was in the tool and die making department of the National Electric Lamp Company of that city. When Mr. Knapp returned to Warren in 1915 he gave up his trade and engaged in the real estate brokerage business, and has since handled many important transactions in and around the city, and is a recognized authority on real estate values and opportunities. He also holds a commission as a notary public. Mr. Knapp is a member of the Warren Board of Trade, the Warren Real Estate Board, and is affiliated with the Knights of Columbus, Loyal Order of Moose and St. Mary's Catholic Church. He married Blanche Egan, daughter of the late Frank P. Egan of Warren. Their children are named Rosemary, Billy, Betty, Bobby and Blanche. BROWNLEE FAMILY The Brownlee family, prominently represented in Boardman Township and other localities of the Mahoning Valley, originated in Scotland, where the Brownlees were free holding farmers. One member of the family came to America early in the nineteenth century and in 1812 moved from Southwestern Pennsylvania to Trumbull County, Ohio, where he spent the rest of his years. Among his five or six sons two, Alexander and David, became pioneers in Mahoning County and acquired large tracts of land, while another brother, William, was an early settler in New York State and became a minister of the Reformed Church. Still another son was John Brownlee, who had a farm not far from the City of Glasgow, Scotland. He married Margaret Wilson, and he died in 1832, while in the midst of preparations to move to America and join other members of the family. It was left to his widow to carry out those plans, and she brought her children to the United States, traveling by canal and lake to Ashtabula County, and thence to Mahoning County, where she lived until her death in 1865, at the age of eighty-four. She was the mother of five sons, Alexander, Thomas, William, David and James A. The youngest of these sons and the last survivor was James Archibald Brownlee, who was born in Scotland, February 4, 1825, and was seven years of age when he came to America. While he gained the 386 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY rudiments of an education as taught in a pioneer log schoolhouse near the family home, he also had the regular discipline of work on the farm, and his entire life was one of industry and honorable relationships. He became a successful farmer and stockman and for many years supplied a large part of the fresh meat consumed at Youngstown. In politics he was a republican, and was frequently honored with such offices as trustee, assessor and land appraiser. James A. Brownlee married on March 16, 1854, Rebecca Gilchrist, who was born at Allegheny, Pennsylvania, November 16, 1832, daughter of James and Grace Gilchrist. Both Mr. and Mrs. Brownlee died in 1916, the former on June 18th and the latter January 17th. Mr. and Mrs. Brownlee became the parents of ten children, two of whom died in infancy and those to reach mature years were: Mary, James H., John, at the old homestead at Brownlee W00ds, and Edwin A. a practicing physi- cian of Struthers, twins; Eva, A., became the wife of David Blunt, at Poland; Irvin, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Ralph, at Gary, Indiana, and Grace, who became the wife of George Hunter, residing at Beaver, Pennsylvania. ALBERT ELTON. As an incorporator and one of those active in promoting the Youngstown Automobile Dealers' Association, Albert Elton was actuated by those ideals which have won for him a foremost position in the business world of Youngstown, in which he is recognized as a leader. He is general manager of the Elton Motor Company, which is one of the oldest motor car businesses in the city. It was established in 1905. Of a pleasing personality, Mr. Elton was endowed with a natural mechanical ability. His father, George Elton, for many years was master mechanic of the Valley mill, now a property of the Republic Iron & Steel Company. In that mill Albert Elton had his first taste of mechanics as an apprentice machinist. Through several years Mr. Elton worked in many large cities and in the largest machine shops. He became interested in the early automobiles and entered the machine shop of one of the earliest factories—the Packard Company, at Warren, Ohio. He reached the peak of the machinists' trade in the shops of the Cadillac Motor Car, Company in Detroit, and from that shop returned to Youngstown to establish the business in which he is recognized as a veteran with years of practical knowledge gained from experience in every department of factory production and retail marketrng. Pioneer activities in any line catch his interest, and in 1911 he became a pilot of aircraft, and was awarded a license in that year by the Aero Club of America. For more than two years he participated in aerial meets in various cities, piloting air- 1 planes and hydroplanes. He was friendly with and a coplaborer with most of the daring early-day experimenters in aviation, and is one of the few of the early school who have lived to see the triumph of the navigation of the air lanes. The first Cadillac sold by Mr. Elton went to C. S. Crooks, the widely known Yonngstown operator, who has never changed his choice of cars since that first "one-lunger." For fifteen years the Elton Company has been one of the strongest distributing agencies in the Cadillac organization. The firm is made up of L. A. and C. A. Manchester, John R. Rowland, W. J. Roberts and R. E. Cornelius. It is capitalized at $50,000 and does a business of nearly $1,000,000 gross annually. Albert Elton is the son of George and Lyda (Rodway) Elton, born in Youngstown August 9, 1883. He was married to Rosa P. Dunkel in February, 1905. They have two children, Virginia and Rod- way. Mr. Elton is a member of Western Star Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, of the chapter, is a Knight Templar, thirty-second degree Mason; a member of the Lawrence Club (New Castle, Pa.), the Chamber of Commerce, the Youngstown Automobile Club, the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Youngstown Club. COMFORT C. BOWMAN, of Ellsworth 'Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, is of the pioneer family of that patronymic, about the early generations and collateral lines of which family, in their association with Mahoning Valley history, more will be found elsewhere in this edition. Comfort C. Bowman is the son of Andrew and grandson of Philip Casper, the three generations representing a residence of 114 years in the Mahoning Valley, in Green, Goshen and Ellsworth townships of Mahoning County. Comfort C. Bowman has throughout a long life dealt extensively in cattle and sheep, in that quest traveling long distances, both east and west, and for many years maintaining an average flock of 1,000 sheep. He and his brother operated one of the largest farms in the neighborhood; and for forty-six years Mr, Bowman has been a large buyer of wool, in some seasons handling as much as 100,000 pounds of that staple. He has a good public record ; has participated in the public administration of the township; and has been a consistent churchman, a Presbyterian, and for fifteen years a trustee of the local church of that denomination. He has therefore maintained the good record of the Bowman family in the Mahoning Valley. Comfort C. Bowman was born in Ellsworth Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, on January 24, 185o, the son of Andrew and Margaret (Bush) Bowman. The Bowman family is of French origin, coming originally from the province of Alsace, France. (See other references to Bowman family.) The family appears to have settled in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in colonial days, and Philip Casper Bowman, father of Andrew, and grandfather of Comfort C., was a soldier of the Revolution, participating in the battles of Trenton and Brandywine. In 1806 he came from Redstone, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, into the Western Reserve of Ohio, having secured a tract of 640 acres of wilderness in Green Township of Mahoning County, but at that time Columbiana County. As a matter of fact, the old Bowman property was situated in the northwestern corner of Green Township, and bordered upon both Goshen and Ellsworth townships. It is about a mile to the southward of the present homestead of Comfort C. Bowman of Ellsworth Township. Philip Casper Bowman lived on that tract of land for the remainder YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 387 of his life. He died in old age, and was buried in St. John's Churchyard on Dutch Ridge. Subsequently, however, his body was exhumed so that it might be removed to Salem, where, on sacred ground, it was placed with the bodies of other Revolutionary soldiers whom the country desired to honor in memory. He had twelve children, among them Andrew. Andrew, father of Comfort C., had also a brother of the same name, Comfort C., and the two brothers, for the greater part of their lives were business partners. The brothers Andrew and Comfort C. Bowman as young men acquired a large tract of wild land in Ellsworth Township, and until almost middle age both remained unmarried. Comfort married Elizabeth Reinhart, of Lisbon, Ohio, and died in 1870. Andrew married Margaret Bush, and died in 1888. The brothers after marriage continued in business partnership until both were older than sixty years. Eventually they divided' their large estate, and from 1861 until his death, in 1888, Andrew lived in the home now owned by Comfort C., his son. The brothers owned about 1,000 acres, their farm being almost two miles from end to end. One hundred and thirty- two acres of it was their portion of their father's original holding in Green Township, but their land extended about a mile to the northward and westward of the corner of Green Township. At the division the brothers each owned about 500 acres, their properties of course adjoining, and they remained neighbors until the death of Comfort C., who for a short while before he married lived with Andrew and Andrew's wife, Margaret Bush. She was reared near Greenville, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, her father, Andrew Bush, owning a farm of 1,200 acres in that neighborhood. She was, however, a daughter by the first marriage of Andrew Bush, and as Margaret grew to womanhood she was unhappy, friction arising between herself and her stepmother, the third wife of Andrew Bush. When she was eighteen years old she resolved to leave her father's house and go to live with her uncle, her mother's brother, Henry Beard, who owned a farm in Green Township, Mahoning County, Ohio. With her uncle she remained until she was twenty-one years old, when she married Andrew Bowman. Regarding her early life, it is of interest to note that until she married Andrew Bowman, at which time she was twenty-one years old, she could not write in the English language, neither, in fact, could she speak it, except perhaps brokenly. Her rearing had been in a Pennsylvania Dutch settlement, and her uncle in Ohio also spoke that language at home. However, she was naturally of quick intellect, and she soon removed that handicap of language, and she lived to a venerable age, eighty-seven years. The latter years of her life she passed comfortably, well cared for by her son, Comfort C. Andrew Bowman was a man of very active life. In early life he had been apprenticed to carpentry, and to some extent followed that trade through life. He built many substantial barns in Mahoning County, and also some county bridges; and in later life, when he became too old and feeble for farm work, he built a carpenter's shop on his farm, put in the necessary tools, including a turning lathe, and so was able to spend his last years in congenial and somewhat useful work. Such labors were, of course, more in the category of hobbies, but he made many useful articles while so passing the days. However, his main business in life had been farming, as may be surmised, hearing in mind the extensive acreage owned by the two brothers Bowman, and Andrew in particular had large dealings in cattle. He early used oxen upon his farm, and developed into one of the largest dealers in cattle in the neighborhood. He was wont to take trips for that purpose to the westward of Chicago, and into the Indian Territory ; would collect a large herd on the home farm, and when he had sufficient would drive them across the mountains into the State of Pennsylvania, where they would eventually be sold at auction. He was a man of good business acumen, and his enterprises eventually brought him a sufficiency of material wealth; but he would undoubtedly have been very wealthy had he grasped the opportunity that once came to him, to purchase 15,000 acres of Illinois land at $15 an acre. As may be supposed, he often later regretted his failure to close that deal. However, he succeeded early in life, and had later little canse for financial worry. His private life was estimable, and he was generally esteemed in the neighborhood. He was an ardent church worker, which may have been one of the reasons why he became identified with the building of the Presbyterian Church at Concord in 1859. The church was situated about a mile to the southward of the Bowman homestead, in Green Township, and Andrew had full responsibility for its construction. He and his brother Comfort C. were partners in all enterprises; and while Comfort, in general, took responsibility for the operation of their farm, Andrew had much of his time in early days taken up by such work as the erection of the church. He and his brother had a large sawmill on Meander Creek in Goshen Township, and they operated it until about 187o. Each brother had two sons, the sons of Comfort being Comfort Ellis and John. The two sons of Andrew and Margaret (Bush) Bowman were Comfort C., of whom more follows; and Morris Emery, who owns a good farm near that of his brother, and has had a useful life. Comfort C., elder son of Andrew and Margaret (Bush) Bowman, was born on January 24, 1850, and as a boy attended the district sch00l. He had to assume business responsibility somewhat early in life, for when he was still in his early 'teens his father lost much of his former vigor, and Comfort had to make many of the trips westward and eastward to purchase and to sell stock. He was still in early manhood when he altogether took over the operation of the home farm. His early conduct of it was very similar in method to that adopted by his father and uncle. He continued to deal extensively in cattle, was always open to buy cattle, and for many years drove the cattle to market himself, often to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Upon one occasion he took fifteen carloads of cattle as far to the eastward as Jersey City. He also did much breeding of Durham sheep on his home farm, for many years raising a flock of i,000 or more; in fact he continued to be a large breeder of sheep until he finally retired from business and delivered the farm to a tenant farmer, which he did about fifteen years 388 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY ago. He kept good stock, but was never a keen exhibitor. Like his father and his uncle, Comfort C. was for very many years in business partnership with his brother, Morris Emery. The two operated the home farm in partnership for twenty-five years, and added to it until they owned S00 acres. The paternal farm, however, is owned by Comfort C. His extensive sheep-raising operations also of necessity brought him into the wool business. In fact he has been a dealer in wool for forty-six years, and still is, to some extent. Ato one time he handled more than 100,000 pounds of wool annually, some of course being from his own sheep, but much that had been purchased for him by his agents. Latterly, since he and his brother divided their joint farm holdings, Comfort C. Bowman has owned 435 acres ; or, to be strictly correct, he did own it until quite recently, when he sold the property, having no sons who could continue to cultivate it, He still, however, lives on the homestead, and in the house built by his father in 1861. Comfort C. many years ago rebuilt the house, but to all intents and purposes it is as it was when his father first built it. Comfort C. Bowman is a democrat in political allegiance, as was his father. And, like his father, he also has been a conscientious churchman, member of the Concord Presbyterian Church for the greater part of his life, and for many years one of its trustees. He has not taken very much part in public affairs, but has served as assessor. He married in 1871 Mary E. Bare, of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, who had come to live with her brother, a farmer at Albany, nearl Salem, when she was about sixteen years old. Later, and before her marriage, she for some time lived in the home of Mr. and Mrs. James Sears. She was about twenty-one years old when she married Comfort C. Bowman. Three children have been born to them: Edna, who married Lee Bingham, of Newton Falls, and died about eight years later ; Cora, who married James Harding, of Ellsworth Township; and Jessie, who married Charles Arnott, now of Youngstown. ONORATO CARABELLI. Endowed by nature with artistIc tastes and talents of a high order, Onorato Carabelli, of Youngstown, proprietor of the Lake View Monument Works, has labored to such good purpose to perfect himself in his chosen trade of a stone cutter that he has become an adept in the use of knife and chisel, and as a sculptor and builder of cemetery memorials has won a large patronage. A son of Paolo Carabelli, he was born March 9, 1873, in the Province of Como, in Porto Ceresio, which lies on the boundary line between Italy and Switzerland. His father made two trips to the United States, coming first in 1871, and spending a short time at Clark Island, Maine. He subsequently crossed the Atlantic again, making his way to Cleveland, Ohio, visiting his brother, Joseph Carabelli, who had been a resident of that city many years, and had become prominent in both business and political circles. When but thirteen years old Onorato Carabelli came to this conntry alone, joining his Uncle Joseph in Cleveland, where he took up the stone trade, which he had previously learned in Italy, beginning work with his uncle. In order to become familiar with the English language, he attended night school, and, being quick to learn, made rapid progress in his studies, at the same time becoming familiar with all phases of the stone cutter's business. Going then to Rhode Island, Mr. Carabelli spent two years in the quarries at Westerly. Returning to Ohio in 1897, he opened a shop at 466 West Federal Street, Youngstown, and from the start met with well- merited success. In 1911 he moved to his present advantageous location, at the corner of Mahoning and Millet avenues, where he has built up an extensive and constantly increasing business as a sculptor and builder of cemetery memorials of every description, his works in marble and granite being considered among the finest and choicest to be found in this section of the state. Returning to his birthplace in 1896, Mr. Carabelli married on October 9 of that year, Josephine Duca, also a native of the Province of Como, and of the three children that have been born of their union two are now living, Dominic R., who is in Cleveland, Ohio, learning the stone cutting and monumental business in the same shop in which his father learned the business when he came from Italy, and Angeline C. One son, Mario, died in 1916, when but seventeen years of age. Politically Mr. Carabelli is a stanch supporter of the principles of the republican party. Socially he is a member of Duca-Degli Abruzz. Religiously he and his family belong to Our Lady of Mount Carmel Catholic Church. LEROY D. CAMPBELL, One of the best improved and attractive homestead farms in Mahoning County is the old Campbell place in Coitsville Township. It has been the home for three generations of the Campbell family. The original farm contains fifty- nine acres and was acquired in 1836 by Daniel Camp. hell, who came to Ohio in the spring of that year. He cleared away the w00ds and made the land productive, taking from it many successive crops. He died in 1871, at advanced age. Daniel Campbell was of Scotch ancestry. His wife was a Miss Ripple, of German stock. Daniel Campbell erected a home on the farm, which later his son Alvi remodeled, making of it a two-story house, with comforts and conveniences still enjoyed by the family. Daniel Campbell and wife had a large family, including Alvi; James, who was for many years a hotel proprietor at Girard, Ohio, and died there ; Daniel, who went to Kansas ; Alexander, who died in young manhood ; Joseph, who lived at Girard; Margaret, who married William Stewart and went to Kansas ; Maria, who became the wife of John Rutter and lived in Trumbnll County ; Amanda, who married Charles Long- street and lived near the old homestead ; and Melissa, who never married and who died at the old home. Alvi L. Campbell was born October 21, 1834, and died while spending the winter at Pine Bluff, North Carolina, March 22, 1915. All his active years were spent on the old homestead in Mahoning County. Besides farming he operated a sawmill for a number of years and sold much of the lumber required by the local furnaces. He extended the original acre- YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 389 age until the farm comprised 105 acres. This farm he made widely known as the home of pure bred livestock. He kept a fine herd of Chester White hogs and also kept high grade Jersey cattle. Much of his stock was exhibited in county fairs. He was a director of the Mahoning County Fair, was superintendent of its cattle department, and had much to do with the successful fairs year after year. He was also a stockholder in the creamery at New Bedford and at one time was a township trustee. He was a democrat and a member of the Methodist Church at Hubbard, and later at New Bedford. He married Margaret E. Allen, who is still living on the old home farm. They had four children. Olive M., who is a dressmaker and music teacher by profession, is the wife of John W. Baird, living near West Middlesex in Mercer County, Pennsylvania. The second of the family, Myron J. Campbell, is a practical farmer now managing the old homestead place. Myrtle E. has a long and honorable record as a teacher, having taught for ten years in Coitsville Township, and since her marriage has taught in the Adams School of Youngstown, having spent seventeen years in school work. She is the wife of Clarence H. Campbell, a Pennsylvania railway conductor. Leroy D. Campbell was born August 3, 1884, and was educated in the Ohio State University, graduating in the agricultural course in 1914. He was a teacher, teaching his first term in the Cooper district, where his mother had also taught her first school. In 1918 he became principal of the Scienceville High School and has ten assistant teachers under him. November 28, 1917, he married Miss Edna Cooper, daughter of John A. Cooper. She was also a teacher before her marriage. They have one (laughter, Jane Elizabeth. ASHLEY E. STRONG whose well equipped general merchandise store at North Benton controls a large and representative trade in this section of Mahoning County, is a native of this county and a representative of one of its old and well known families. He was born on the old home farm in Berlin Township, two miles northeast of North Benton, and the date of his nativity was January 3, 1853. He is a son of Alonzo and Elizabeth (Whinnery) Strong, the former of whom was born in Connecticut in 1805, and the latter of whom was a native of Columbiana County, Ohio, where their marriage was solemnized about the year 1845. Alonzo Strong was a child at the time when the family came from New England to Ohio, and the father, William Strong, became a pioneer settler near Atwater, Portage County. Thence he went forth to serve as a soldier in the War of 1812, and he died while thus in service. After the death of his father, Alonzo Strong as taken back to Connecticut, but when he was a lad of about twelve years he came again to Ohio, where he joined his mother, then residing in Deerfield Township, Columbiana County. Within a short time thereafter he was indentured, or "bound out," to Joseph Hartzell, and as a young man he learned the carpenter's trade at Salem. Thereafter he was for some time engaged in the work of his trade in the State of New York, and he worked also at Cleveland, Ohio. He was a young man at the time of his marriage to Miss Christina Lazarus, a member of a prominent pioneer family of Portage County, the old Lazarus flour mill having been a landmark in Portage County, where Mr. Strong and his wife became acquainted in childhood. Of this marriage were born five children: William, who had been a conductor on the Pennsylvania Railroad, was a resident of Stark County at the time of his death, when about fifty-five years of age ; Lovina, who became the wife of Elijah Whinnery, was a resident of Columbiana County at the time of her death ; Levi was a soldier in an Ohio regiment in the Civil war and was a captive in Andersonville Prison, where he died at the age of twenty-eight years, virtually as a result of the hardships endured in that infamous Confederate prison; Miss Julia, the only surviving child of this union, lives in the State of Washington; and one child died in infancy. Mrs. Christina Strong died at the age of thirty-five years, and later Mr. Strong married Miss Elizabeth Whinnery, both having passed the closing period of their lives on the old home farm near North Benton. Here Mr. Strong died in 1891, at the age of eighty-six years, his second wife having passed away three years prior to his death. Of their nine children all but one attained to maturity : Serena, who lived in the City of Chicago, at the time of her death in 1893, was the widow of William Heckler, who died at Urbana, Illinois ; Edward owns and resides upon the old home farm in Berlin Township; Lovisa is the wife of Alvin Smith, of Marshall, Illinois ; Ashley E., of this review, was the next in order of birth; Ophelia is the wife of Robert Graham, of Pottawattamie County, Iowa; Laura is the wife of Henry Koch, of New Kensington, Pennsylvania ; Alonzo, Jr., was a representative member of the bar in the City of Alliance, Stark County, Ohio, at the time of his death in 1891; and Wendell is engaged in the retail hardware business at Ravenna, Ohio. Ashley E. Strong was reared to the sturdy discipline of the home farm and acquired his early education in the public schools of the vicinity. He continued to be associated with the work and management of the home farm until 1879, when he became associated with his brother-in-law, Joel Malmsberry, in conducting a general store at North Benton. With this enterprise he has here continued to be actively identified four years, and the following three years he devoted to farm activities. He then resumed his association with Mr. Malmsberry, and their partnership alliance in the general store continued nine years. In 1893 Mr. Malmsberry sold his interest to Wendell Strong, and the firm title of A. E. Strong & Brother was retained for the ensuing nine years, at the expiration of which Ashley E. Strong became the sole proprietor of the business, which he has since continued to conduct with unequivocal success. The building occupied was erected about 1840, as one of the first in the village of North Benton, and here Cyrus Greiner conducted the first general store. The building, which has been kept in good repair, may well be considered one of the landmarks of this locality, and here Mr. Strong takes pride in maintaining a stock of goods that meets effectively the requirements of his large and representative patron- 390 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY age. In connection with the enterprise he handles farm produce, and the eligible location of the village, in the midst of a prosperous farming community, insures to the Strong establishment an excellent business at all times. Mr. Strong served seventeen years as postmaster at North Benton, but since that time he has held no official position. He is loyal and progressive in his connection with community affairs, and is a republican in politics. The year 1875 recorded the marriage of Mr. Strong to Miss Annie Malmsberry, who was born in Goshen Township, Mahoning County, and they have two children: Lucille, the wife of J. H. C. Lyon, a prominent lawyer engaged in practice at Youngstown; and Vivian, the wife of William Triem, a civil engineer who is in the employ of the Pennsylvania Railroad, their home being at Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. Prior to her marriage the elder daughter had been a successful teacher in the public schools, and the younger daughter has shown exceptional ability as a teacher of music. ISAAC G. MATHEWS. Like many other men of force and influence, Isaac G. Mathews, of Youngstown, is a lawyer by profession, and, though beset by difficulties from the first that would have disheartened anyone of less courage and stability, he has steadily climbed, rung by rung, the ladder of attainments, his position among his legal brethren being one of note. He was born June 29, 1874, on a farm in Liberty Township, Trumbull County, Ohio, being the posthumous son of Isaac Mathews. Isaac Mathews was one of the pioneer coal miners of Trumbull County, and died as the result of an accident prior to the birth of his son Isaac. He married Julia A. Boyd, who was left a widow in early life, with but scant means, and in order to keep her little family together she continued the management of the home farm, having the assistance, when they were old enough to be of use, of her two sons, Ithiel, the first-born, being now principal of the schools of Vienna, Trumbull County, and Isaac G., the subject of this brief biographical sketch. The mother lived to a good old age, passing away in 1916. Acquiring the rudiments of his education in the rural schools of his native district, Isaac G. Mathews assisted his mother in the care of the farm, running a milk wagon and peddling truck when he was old enough. A good student, he entered upon a professional career when but seventeen years of age, and subsequently taught school in Vienna, Trumbull County, and Church Hill, in the same county and in Youngstown. During the time he was thus occupied, Mr. Mathews read law in the office of Anderson, Anderson & Barren. Closely applying himself to his studies, he was admitted to the bar in 1906, and for four years thereafter was engaged in the practice of his profession as junior member of the firm of Anderson, Cook & Mathews. Becoming associated with Emil Anderson in 1910, the firm of Anderson & Mathews carried on a successful law practice until 1912, when Clinton Wall was admitted to partnership, and the firm name was changed to Anderson, Mathews & Wall. Owing to the death of Mr. Anderson, the firm was dis solved, and Mr. Mathews is now practicing alone, having an office in the Dollar Bank Building. Well versed in legal lore, and possessing keen intellect and an active mind, he has met with gratifying results in his practice, being one of the well known attorneys of the city. Mr. Mathews married, in 1895, Grace D. Williams, of Trumbull County, and their only child, Earl W. Mathews, now a student in the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, enlisted in the Students' Training Corps of the navy, from which he received his discharge in December, 1918. A stanch republican in politics, Mr. Mathews, who maintained his home in Trumbull County, until 1920, when he took up his residence in Youngstown, serves willingly and ably on all local committees, but has never sought official honors. ALVA J. STANLEY. The Beloit Mills, at Beloit, represent one of the important and well ordered industrial enterprises of Mahoning County, and of the same Mr. Stanley is the proprietor. In these mills, with their thoroughly modern equipment, are manufactured the White Rose and Beloit brands of flour, and the excellence of the products is the basis for the substantial trade controlled. In connection with his general mill operations Mr. Stanley also deals in feed of all kinds, and he is known as one of the progressive business men and loyal and liberal citizens of Beloit. The Beloit Mills were erected in 1906, the old mill in the village having been located in the west end of the town, about one-half mile distant from the present modern establishment, adjacent to the railroad. In the operation of the old mill Mr. Stanley was associated with his father and brother Ira, under the firm name of H. G. Stanley & Sons, and in connection with the flour mill was operated a sawmill and planing mill, as well as a lumber yard, the while a cider mill formed an adjunct of the enterprise. The old plant occupied the site of a still older sawmill; of which Henry G. Stanley, father of the subject of this review, became one of the owners. The father developed the other departments of the original enterprise, his association with the business havmg been initiated about 1884, and the property having been sold by the family after the erection of the present Beloit Mills, which represent an investment of about $50,000. Equipped with full roller process of the most modern type, the mills have a capacity for the output of seventy-five barrels of flour daily, and motive power is supplied by gas engines. A specialty is made of the grinding and handling of feed, and about 200 carloads of dairy feed are handled annually, the local market demanding fully 80 per cent of this output. In flour manufacturing the mills utilize almost entirely the wheat grown in this section of Ohio, and thus the commercial importance of the enterprise is enhanced. In 1906 was effected a division of the original enterprise, and in this adjustment Ira Stanley assumed control of the lumber business of the old firm, the father having been thereafter associated with A. J. Stanley in the operation of the new mills for about five, years, the latter then YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 391 becoming sole owner. H. G. Stanley thereafter erected a mill at New Holland, Pickaway County, this plant having a daily capacity of fifty barrels and being operated by water power. Prior to this Mr. Stanley had owned, remodeled and operated a mill at Akron, and at New Holland he continued his milling business until his death, in November, 1917. He was born at Beloit, Mahoning County, in 1849, and was a son of an honored pioneer, Littlebury B. Stanley, of whom more specific mention is made on other pages, in the sketch of Jesse M. Hartzell. At the age of twenty-two years H. G. Stanley married Miss Alice Sheets, daughter of Alva Sheets, a resident of Kansas at the time of his death. Mrs. Stanley passed away about two years prior to the death of her husband, and of their children the eldest is Tacy, who is the wife of H. R. Sanders, of Johnson City, New York ; Alva J., of this review, was the next in order of birth ; and Ira continues in the lumber business at Beloit. Alva J. Stanley was born at Beloit, April 6, 1872, and his youthful education was here received in the public schools. In his father's establishment he learned the miller's trade, and he continued to be associated with his father until the latter sold the mill at Beloit. In the meanwhile he had become a member of the firm, and since assuming :sole control of the present Beloit Mills he has made a record of splendid success, much of the output of his mills being sold in the local market and a large part having been diverted to the Government during the period of the World war. Mr. Stanley takes loyal interest in all things pertaining to the welfare and advancement of his native town, his political allegiance is given to the republican party and he has served as a member of the village council. He and his family are birthright members of the Society of Friends, and he and his wife are active in the local church of this denomination. At the age of twenty-one years Mr. Stanley wedded Miss Anna Palmer, who died when about forty-three years of age, and she is survived by two daughters—Loreta, who is the wife of Joseph Sams, of Colorado Springs, Colorado, and Leah, wife of William M. Dixon, of Beloit. For his second wife Mr. Stanley married Mrs. Margaret Snedeker, who presides as the gracious and popular chatelaine of their attractive home. They have no children. PARTERIDGE BEGGS is a representative and well-to-do farmer of Coitsville Township, a grandson of James Beggs, a worthy pioneer of the township, and son of Adonijah Beggs, who died in 1907, after an eventful life which began in 1835 on the farm now occupied by his son in Coitsville Township and ended in the same place almost seventy-two years later. It included an honorable Civil war service, a period in law practice in Warren, Trumbull County, Ohio, and much public service. The Beggs family has been in the Mahoning Valley for more than a century, but was originally from Ireland. The family apparently was of American residence a little while after the close of the Revolutionary war, for James, who was born in the United States, was born on June 17, 1799, although apparently his parents were natives of County Tyrone, Ireland. James Beggs married Parmelia Bissell on November 16, 1824, her birth date having been July 3, 1803. She died November 3o, 1865, and her husband died on March to, 1887. Their children that reached maturity were : Marcia Melissa, who married Joseph Wright, of Lawrence County, Pennsylvania. She died on May 19, 1899. Her son Arthur is now a farmer in the vicinity of the Beggs' homestead. Ellen Maria married Irvin McFarland, and lived on the state line in Pennsylvania, adjoining the Beggs' homestead. She died March. 28, 1907. Amanda Stark married Joseph Nevin, a missionary. They went to China, and she died at Canton, China, September 27, 1867. Adonijah was born June 3, 1835, and is further referred to herein, Caroline, who remained unmarried, lived to venerable age. James Clark was born in 1839 and died in 1898. He lived his whole live in Coitsville Township. His daughter Carrie married B. F. Cornelius, still living on the old farm in Coitsville Township. Adonijah, son of James and Parmelia (Bissell) Beggs, and born in the old Beggs homestead in Coitsville Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, on June 3, 1835, grew to manhood in the wholesome and rugged environment of farming life in that time and district. He probably attended the country school nearest to his home during the winter months and later attended in Poland, which was about the extent of the educational facilities at that time available in most agricultural districts of Ohio, and the long summer vacation, which usually began in spring and overlapped into autumn, he would probably spend in assisting his parent in the operation of the home farm, undertaking such tasks in connection therewith as his strength would allow. At the time of the outbreak of the Civil war he was in Illinois, and was in the full strength of early manhood. He enlisted in the Seventeenth Illinois Regiment, and with that regiment saw much service. After the war he was for a while in legal practice in the City of Warren, Ohio, with W. B. McGeehan, and for several terms was a justice of the peace, and as such manifested a judicial integrity and breadth of understanding of the law such as was bound to bring him into general esteem among those who knew him, or had come in contact with him. He was an ardent democrat in political allegiance, and exercised much influence in his community. He was of emphatically earnest purpose, which characteristic at times brought to the fore in him, as it was likely to do, a certain sensitiveness which to some extent curtailed his public work. He was a well-read man, of refined inclinations, and the crudeness of some public acts jarred upon his sensitive nature. However, he was much respected by his fellow-citizens, and generally took useful part in the public affairs of the community. He served as land appraiser and might have been elected to most of the local offices at some time during his long life had he so wished, for he was generally well-regarded, and coming as he did from one of the pioneer families his place in the affairs of the vicinity was a definite one, especially having regard to his Civil war record, which supplemented his standing. He added to the acreage of the home farm, which originally was 150 acres, and took a close interest in agriculture. He was twice married, his first wife being Elizabeth 392 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY Ewing, who bore him two children : Otto, who is now in Indiana; and Elizabeth, who married Houston Dickson, of Coitsville Township. His second wife was Salome McFall, daughter of Robert McFall. The marriage took place on October 23, 1869, and their life in the married state was a long one, more than thirty-six years, until 1907, when the husband died. Mrs. Salome (McFall) Beggs survived her husband by about four years, her death occurring in I911. Their children were Barbara Amanda, who married Thomas Vaughan, of Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, and lives about two miles from her old home ; and Parteridge. Parteridge ("Pat") Beggs, son of Adonijah and Salome (McFall) Beggs, was born in the homestead of the Beggs family in Coitsville Township on July 22, 1874, and has lived his whole life on the farm. His schooling was obtained in the public schools of the township, and after leaving school he took seriously to farming pursuits. The farm contains now about 180 acres, a part of which he purchased in 1906, and since that time has acquired the remainder. He has been an industrious and skillful farmer, bringing into his operations much of modern methods that have been proved to he practical. He has had good success in general farming, and has a splendidly appointed property. The buildings are exceptionally substantial, the house being a large one, constructed of brick in 1840, the bricks being made on the farm. The barn was constructed a few; years after the building of the dwelling. Parteridge Beggs has during his life been interested in almost all the happenings in the community and township. He has not sought office, but has closely followed community affairs, and has shown a helpful public spirit. As a neighbor he is reliable, and has always been so. And he therefore has many firm friends in the township. In 1907 he married Selina Vaughan, daughter of Charles and Melvina Vaughan. Mrs. Beggs was born in Youngstown, Ohio, October 13, 1882, but her parents have. latterly been living in Struthers Village, Poland Township, Mahoning County. Her parents have lived responsible, industrious lives, and her father, as a stationary engineer is connected with the Sheet and Tube Company of Struthers. Mr. and Mrs. Beggs have one child, Charles Parteridge Beggs, born May 25, 1920. GREGORO SILVESTRI. One of the business achievements of Youngstown that stands out as a striking example of progressiveness and rapid growth and upbuilding is the Youngstown Grocery Company, founded by Gregoro Silvestri, now president and treasurer of the corporation. This business is a direct outgrowth of Mr. Silvestri’s enterprise. When he came to Youngstown fourteen years ago he had only $1,000 of capital. He used this to open a small stock of groceries at 375 East Federal Street. The enterprise grew and prospered, and his credit as an energetic and reliable merchant also became thoroughly established. A year later he was able to associate with himself snfficient capital to organize the Youngstown Grocery Company. Its authorized capital was $10,000, and it began operations with a paid-up capital of $6,000. A little more than ten years later the capi tal of the company stands at $100,000, and the business is one of the largest of its kind in the Mahoning Valley. Mr. Silvestri has been president and treasurer of the corporation from the beginning. He was born in Southern Italy in 1879, second of the seven children of Frank and Amelia Silvestri. He had the equivalent of a high school education and spent three years in the artillery branch of the Italian army as a non-commissioned officer. Mr. Silvestri came to the United States in 1904, and for about a year was manager of a foreign exchange bank at New York City. In 1913 Mr. Silvestri bought the handsome structure at 340 East Front Street where the Youngstown Grocery Company now has its home. He owns the building individually. The first place of business of the Youngstown Grocery Company was in the Norris Block, and subsequently moved to the corner of East Boardman and Watt Streets. Mr. Silvestri is a member of the Chambers of Commerce of New York City and of Youngstown, is a republican and a member of St. Edward Cathoplic Chnrch. In New York in 1904 he married Clara Russo, daughter of Frederick Russo. She was born at Avellino, Italy. They have three children, Amelia, Isabel and Francis. JAMES S. HARDING, a well-to-do and respected farmer who has lived practically his whole life in Ellsworth Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, and in fact was born on the same farm upon which he still resides, is a descendant of one of the pioneers of the county. The Harding family in colonial generations was resident in Pennsylvania, and his great-grandfather, who was the first of the family to take up residence in Ohio, came with his family into the Mahoning Valley from near Allentown, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania in 1803, and settled in Canfield Township a little to the northward of Canfield Village. His son George, grandfather of James S., was ten years old when the family removed from Pennsylvania, and he grew to manhood in Canfield Township. When he married Elizabeth Bortz, of Ellsworth Township, he moved into that township, and took up the cultivation of the tract of land upon which the three generations of his branch of the Harding family have since lived, and upon which his grandson, James S., still lives. He acquired considerable landed estate during his lifetime, including 209 acres that comprised the Bortz homestead. His son, George, Jr., was born in Ellsworth Township, in the same house in which his grandson, James S., was eventually born, the former's birth date being July 24, 1834. Eventually George Harding, Jr., became one of the largest farming landowners in the neighborhood, becoming the owner by inheritance and acquirement of 1,120 acres altogether, part of which had been bought by his father or by himself as improved farms. Both father and son did some pioneering work, but both gave the greater part of their time to the raising of cattle and sheep, and required pasturage principally. The pasturage George, Jr., owned was classed with the richest of that fertile section of the Mahoning Valley, and when George Harding, Jr., in 1880, built a sixteen-room stone house it was generally considered to be one of the largest and YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 393 best-fitted farm houses in the country. That house was built on that part of his property which was formerly the Bortz property, and the Bortz farm of 137 acres, which came into the Harding estate by purchase from Henry Bortz, by George, Jr., has since been sold, with fifty-two acres purchased from the Arnes estate, and the commodious house is therefore not now in the possession of James S. Harding. George Harding, Jr., was a man of influence in the township ; was elected to many township offices ; and generally was well-regarded in the county. Politically he was a republican. He was a man of strong character and good religious principle, a Presbyterian of active church interest. He married Lucretia Musser, and their children were : James S., of whom more is written below ; Mary, who married C. M. Kirk, a lumber manufacturer and dealer of Axis, Alabama ; Aulurah, who married Calvin C. Neff, a merchant of Canfield, Mahoning County, reference to whose life is elsewhere given, as are many other references to the Neff family, in this work. Both the sisters were graduates of the North-Eastern Ohio Normal College at Canfield. James also graduated from the same school, taking the business course. James S. Harding, only son of George, Jr., and Lucretia (Musser) Harding, was born on November 28, 1863, upon the farm in Ellsworth Township, Mahoning County, upon which he still lives, and in the house wherein his father twenty-nine years earlier had been born. The house is still standing. James passed his boyhood in Ellsworth Township, and when he became old enough helped his father in the operation of the home farm. He married when he was thirty-one years old, on his birthday in fact, and soon afterward took over the full control and operation of the home farm from his father. He received as his share of the parental estate the 299-acre farm formerly known as the Bortz farm, and also 276 acres of the Harding farm. This extensive acreage he cultivated for more than twenty years. In 1913 he began to rent his farm to tenants, and he built a comfortable residence on the opposite side of the road to that on which stands the house in which he was born. He has always been fond of horses, and at one time was a successful exhibitor at local fairs. His father had been a director of the County Fair for more than fifteen years, and he, James Harding, has been a director for some years. He had good success in developing road and high-action horses, and was generally able to command good prices. The union of Mr. and Mrs. James S. Harding has been without issue, which may have been the predominating influence deciding him to sell the greater part of his farming estate. His wife, whom he married on November 28, 1894. was Cora Bowman, daughter of Comfort C. and Mary E. (Bare) Bowman, of Ellsworth Township, and great-granddaughter of Philip Casper Bowman, who first came into Mahoning County in 1806 (see many other references to the Bowman family written for this work). Mrs. Cora (Bowman) Harding was born in the old Bowman homestead in Green Township, Mahoning County, and was well educated, taking the music course at the college at Canfield. She, however, did not enter professional life, for she was only twenty- one years old when she married James Harding. They are both well-known throughout the county, and respected generally by their many acquaintances in Ellsworth and contiguous townships. Mr. Harding still retains 276 acres for his own purposes, and some of his land is quite valuable in minerals. Coal was discovered on the Harding property fifty years ago, and was operated for many years, and there are rich limestone and sandstone deposits, both of which have been quarried. Mr. Harding is a man of useful public spirit, and has had creditable part in much public work of importance and benefit to his township. He has been prominent among the leaders of the good roads movement, and actually donated the material of which the first hard road through the township was built. Again, the establishment of the rural free delivery of mail in Ellsworth Township was mainly the consummation of his forceful agitation for such service. And for the present excellent telephonic facilities in the neighborhood residents give credit to Mr. Harding, for he assumed a good deal of monetary expense and liability in securing a satisfactory service. He is one of the substantial men of the township, and might have held most of the township offices had he wished to stand for election. But he has never sought office ; in fact he has more than once refused to stand for election to such, preferring to do what public service he could in his private capacity as a well-intentioned neighbor and unselfish townsman. He was one of the founders of the Canfield Bank, and has been one of its directors since its establishment. As a farmer he has had a creditable career, for he was quite a young man when he had to assume full responsibility for the successful operation of the extensive farming interests left to him by his father, and by his conduct of such affairs he proved himself to be a man of reliability and steadiness, a good and enterprising business man. He gave close study to the raising of cattle and horses, and visited some of the best stock farms in the country, including the Moose Hill Jersey Farm at Worcester, Massachusetts. He is also an enthnsiastic sportsman and traveler. He has done much hunting in the State of Alabama, and has toured the Adirondack and Catskill Mountains and the Berkshire Hills. A delightful experience was his trip to the Thousand Islands. Altogether, Mr. Harding is a man of much knowledge of the world, is well read, and is of whole-hearted loyalty. That was demonstrated during the progress of the World war, which brought such stupendous calls in personal or financial service to all patriots. Mr. Harding subscribed loyally to most of the issues of government and governmental agency bonds and the like. He has also always contributed liberally to church and charitable institutions, and throughout his manhood years has been a consistent and helpful member of the local Presbyterian Church. GEORGE ARET EWING, who for thirty-five years has lived on the farm he owns in Milton Township, Mahoning County, and until two years ago, when he retired, steadily tilled that acreage year after year, has had good business success, and is considered to be one of the most representative and substantial residents of Milton Township. His residence is situ- 394 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY ated near the Milton Dam, built by the City of Youngstown upon thirty acres of land bought from Mr. Ewing, and he is widely known through the county. The Ewing family is one of the pioneer families of the Mahoning Valley, and there will be found in this and other histories of the section of Ohio very many references to the pioneer and later generations of the Ewing family. George Aret Ewing is a grandson of Alexander Ewing, who about a century ago came into Ohio from near Meadville, Pennsylvania, and settled in the northeastern part of Jackson Township, about 1 1/2 miles to the northward of Lipke's Corners, and about four miles northward of the home' of that branch of the Ewing family now represented by Frank, Harvey and Samuel 0. Ewing, extensive reference to whose lives will be found elsewhere in this work. Before coming into Ohio Alexander Ewing had taken part in the War of 1812 with a Meadville, Pennsylvania, company, but he spent the greater part of his life in Ohio. He was seventy-five years when he died, and his last years were spent in Pricetown, a small village on the county line, partly in Mahoning County but mostly in Trumbull County, and about half a mile north of the farm of his grandson, George A. Ewing. Alexander Ewing was the father of nine children, who were remarkable for their longevity. None now live, but most of them passed the allotted three score years and ten, and the last to die was Asa, the youngest child, whose death occurred in a western state, in 1918, he being then about eighty years old. The nine children in order of birth were: William, who was in octogenarian age when he died; John, also in the octogenary class; Beriah, who lived beyond eighty years; Benjamin; Ralph, a septuagenary before his death; George; Silas, who was more than seventy when he died; Levi, who died while in his forties; Asa, who died in 1918. George Ewing, son of Alexander and father of George Aret, was only fifty-three years old when he died. He took up professional studies, secured the medical degree, and practiced for a while in Newton Falls, but later in Pricetown. He was widely known as a physician in that part of the county and in Trumbull County. He died of typhoid fever, contracted perhaps in his practice. He took great interest in the public affairs of Mahoning County. His home in Pricetown was in the Mahoning County section, and he entered actively into public movements. Politically he was a democrat, but he never sought or accepted political office. For many years he was a justice of the peace, and in other ways was one of the leading citizens, but his professional ties were too many to permit him to take the liability of legislative office. He must have had a wide and lucrative practice, for during his life his investments in land totalled to more than 500 acres, and he reared four children to whom he afforded superior education. He married Nancy Henry, of Austintown Township, Mahoning County, daughter of the Reverend John Henry, of the Church of the Disciples of Christ denomination. Mrs. Ewing died in Pricetown, Mahoning County, when sixty-one years old. Their four children were: Harrison J., who is now deceased, is remembered as a teacher in Mahoning County in early manhood, but eventually he went to Cleveland, where he entered law practice, and gained some distinction as a criminal lawyer at that place. George Aret is the main subject of this sketch. His second name was given him in honor of Isaac Errett, an old-time minister of the Disciples of Christ Church, and the spelling was changed to Aret by his father. Regarding George Aret Ewing more follows. Harriet C. died at Chardon, Ohio. She was twice married, first to A. J. Wolfe, an attorney, and subsequently to Samuel W. Black. Mary Jane lives at Chardon, Ohio, and is the widow of Aaron Brannon, of that place. George Aret Ewing, second child of Dr. George and Nancy (Henry) Ewing, was born in Newton Falls, Ohio, on May it, 185o. In his boyhood he attended the local schools, and later took the preparatory course at Hiram College. It was his intention to follow a profession. He entered the teaching profession when he was graduated from Hiram College, he being then nineteen years old, and for four or five years thereafter taught in the district schools of Mahoning Connty. Eventually, however, his father's large investments in farming land caused him to give up educational work, and for some years before the death .of his father he with his elder brother operated the farms for his father. At the death of the latter George A. inherited 140 acres of the parental estate, and later bought additional land, all in Milton Township, Ma- honing County. There he has lived for thirty-five years, and for many years was a large raiser of Merino sheep. Thirty acres of his farm was acquired by the City of Youngstown for the purpose of the Milton Dam project, and two years ago he retired from active farming, passing over the operation of his farm to his youngest son Thad H. Like his father, George Aret Ewing has not been inclined to seek public office, and with the exception of one term as assessor and constable, he has not undertaken any township office, though he might have had many offices had he been so inclined, for he and his family are held in high esteem in the district and county. Politically, although he was reared a democrat, he has for many years been a staunch supporter of the republican party, and for many years has been a township committeeman. He was twenty-eight years old when he married Lois Force, daughter of Robert and Ellen (Lingo) Force. She was born in Milton Township, and they are of like age. Four children have been born to them, all of whom live. The children in order of birth are : Alma, who married Gomer Evans, now deceased, of Girard, Ohio, and she is a trained nurse; Fred E., a successful farmer of Ashland, Ohio ; Aret Gustave, widely known in the vicinity of Newton Falls, and latterly a R. F. D. carrier from that center ; and Thad H., who learned the trade of carpentry, and as a building contractor has had some success. He lives with his parents, and has now taken over the operation of the home farm, from which his father retired two years ago. THOMAS P. SOWASH. A man of untiring energy and excellent business ability, Thomas R Sowash YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 395 occupies a position of note in the mercantile circles of Youngstown as manager of the Cudahy Packing interests in this section of the Mahoning Valley. He was born March 6, 1883, in Newcastle, Pennsylvania, a son of Peter F. and Martha Sowash, coming on the paternal side of a house of German ancestry, his people having lived in the Rhine Valley. His father, a veteran of the Civil war, moved from Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, to Newcastle, where he resided until his death, at the age of four score and four years, during his active life having been engaged in the blacksmith's trade. The tenth child in a family of eleven children, Thomas P. Sowash obtained his early education in the public schools of Newcastle, and when a young lad entered the employ of the Adams Express Company, with which he was associated thirteen years, serving in all capacities, first as driver and later becoming agent for the company. Mr. Sowash later became identified with the Cudahy Packing Company, which he has since served most faithfully and ably, beginning as driver of a wagon and subsequently filling all the intermediate positions until being promoted to his present one as manager of the interests of the firm in Youngstown, coming from Newcastle, Pennsylvania, to this city. Mr. Sowash married in 19o8 Elsie, daughter of Richard Krause, of. New Castle, Pennsylvania, and into the household thus established, two children have made their appearance, Oswald and Flora Dale. Fraternally Mr. Sowash belongs to the Order of Moose. Mrs. Sowash is a member of the German Lutheran Church. JAMES PORTER McNEILLY gave half a century of his life to the practice or farming and the duties of good citizenship in Ellsworth Township before he sold his farm and retired to the village of Ellsworth. He is one of the few surviving veterans of the Civil war living in that section of the Mahoning Valley, and has enjoyed a long and useful life of more than three quarters of a century. Mr. McNeilly was born two miles northeast of Ellsworth February 1, 1844. His birth occurred on the farm which he owned for many years. He is a son of James and Elizabeth (Trimble) McNeilly, who came out of County Down, Ireland, where they were married. His father was born about 1800 and in 1827 brought his family to Mahoning County, first locating in Jackson and later in Ellsworth Township. James McNeilly and wife had relatives in Jackson Township, including members of the Kirkpatrick family. His wife's sister, Mrs. John Wilson, came about the same time and located at Canfield. James McNeilly acquired a tract of timber land and built a log cabin in the forest, and for several years the howling of wolves was a regular accompaniment to their sleep. Later he built a substantial frame house, and with the assistance of his sons cleared the land. He died in 1849, and his widow survived him until 1870. She and her children continued the work begun by James McNeilly, and she lived to see all her children established in homes of their own. These children were : Robert, who spent his life in Ellsworth Township, never married, and died when past middle age; William J., who be came a shoemaker and later a farmer in Wayne Township, where he died and where his family still live; Margaret, who became the wife of E. P. Miller and lived on a farm adjoining the old homestead; Eliza, also deceased, was the wife of Ward Dean, and had no children ; Samuel, who lived a half mile north of Ellsworth ; Mary Melissa, who married Clark Ewing, living at Austintown, and their son Frank Ewing is represented elsewhere in this publication; James Porter, next to the youngest; and Martha, widow of Frank Fitch, at Ellsworth. James Porter McNeilly grew up on the home farm, attended the district schools, the academies at Ellsworth and Canfield, and beginning at eighteen was a teacher for eight winter terms in Ellsworth, Jackson and Austintown townships. All these schools were near his home, and his qualities as a disciplinarian were thoroughly tested, since he had some hard and difficult cases among his pupils. In the spring of 1864 he joined Company G of the Ohio Militia, a military organization that had been in existence for several years. When the call came for volunteers the entire company enlisted, and he went out as an orderly sergeant. He was in Virginia and Kentucky, chiefly on guard duty, and for a time was guarding a lighthouse at Cape Henry. At his discharge he was in a hospital, and it was several weeks before he could return home. February 2, 1871, Mr. McNeilly married Jerusha Fitch, a sister of Frank Fitch and daughter of Richard and Nancy (Webb) Fitch. She was born on the old Fitch, homestead a mile north of Ellsworth, and she and Mr. McNeilly were children in school together. After the death of his mother Mr. McNeilly had acquired the old homestead of eighty-five acres, and this was the scene of his labors and intelligent management for upwards of half a century. In 1884 he built the substantial nine-room residence on the farm, and two years later erected a large bank barn. In other ways he made the farm a profitable proposition, had laid a great deal of tile for drainage, and in later years had made liberal applications of limestone to the soil. The value of these improvements was demonstrated when in 1917 he sold the homestead, it being the first farm in that locality to sell for over $100 an acre. After leaving the farm Mr. McNeilly bought the old McKinney home in Ellsworth, one of the old landmarks of the village. While living in a republican township and a republican he never sought public office. His parents were prominent members of the Presbyterian Church at Austintown, and Mr. McNeilly has been an elder in his home church since 1892. He has attended a number of Presbyteries and he worships today in the same building where he first united with the church. Mrs. McNeilly was also devoted to her church work, though most of her life and efforts were given to her home. She died April 8, 1915. Her grandfather, Richard Fitch, had come into this section of the Mahoning Valley in 1806. Mr. and Mrs. McNeilly had two children : Francis Fitch, who was born January 13, 1876, died in April, 1899, having lived long enough to prove the excellent qualities of his character and good citizenship. A few months before his death he married Glenadore 396 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY Noble, who is now Mrs. Clyde Horton. The daughter, Fannie Alberta, was born October 21, 1879, and died February 20, 1881. Since the death of his good wife Mr. McNeilly's home has been looked after by his niece, Frances Fitch, a daughter of Colbert Fitch. ROBERT EWING GAULT. A farmer of advanced ideas that have been put into practice and have demonstrated results on his own land, a worker in the modern program of rural life, in such organizations as the farm bureau, grange and county fairs, Robert Ewing Gault has had a busy life, and one not without influence and benefit upon the community where he has spent his life. Mr. Galt is the youngest of the twelve children of Robert and Marjorie (Ewing) Gault, a member of a family that has been identified with Jackson Township srnce the earliest years of the nineteenth century, and was born on the old homestead where his brother Gibson now lives on March 7, 1855. A brief record and account of the activities of some of the elder generations and members of the family are published elsewhere. Robert Ewing Gault spent his boyhood at home, attended the Academy at Canfield and the Union Seminary at Poland under Doctor Dickson. As the youngest son he remained at home, worked the fields, and eventually acquired eighty acres of the old homestead. He has since increased his farm to 125 acres, and has given it all the modern improvements. He has a basement barn, has built a new house and has extensively employed tile drainage, limed his land, and from his stables produces most of the fertilizer required. Mr. Gault for many years has conducted a dairy, having a herd of Jerseys, nearly all registered. For a number of years he was a director in the County Agricultural Society and its president for several years. He has never been interested in public office or politics, though a republican voter, and has found other means of promoting the good of the community. He has always been deeply interested in g00d schools, and has identified himself with the program of good road building in Jackson Township. Mr. Gault during his busy life has also cleared many acres of heavy timber, and has converted the trees into lumber and staves. At the age of twenty-two he married Ruby Beardsley, a daughter of Almos Beardsley of . Canfield Township. She died two years later. In 1885 he married Jessie Dunlap of Rio, Wisconsin. Her father had formerly lived in Mahoning County. While Mr. and Mrs. Gault have no children of their own they took into their home Carl Bloot at the age of twelve and kept him and educated him until twenty-one. He is now a thrifty and industrious young man working for a street car company at Butler, Pennsylvania. One of the strongest organizations of the Knights of Pythias in Eastern Ohio is the lodge at North Jackson, with which Mr. Gault has been actively identified for forty years. JOSEPH F. WILLIAMS. Three generations of the Williams family have lived in Youngstown during the past sixty years. Operation of coal mines was the principal business during the first two generations, while Joseph F. Williams of the third is one of the representative and active lawyers of Youngstown. The latter was born at Youngstown, January 21, 1881, son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Pritchard) Williams. His parents were both born in Wales and were brought to the United States in early childhood. The grandfather also was named Joseph Williams and settled with his family in Youngstown about 1858. He operated coal mines at Fosterville, Ohio. His son Joseph on reaching manhood also became a coal operator and was one of the first to work the coal from the hills adjoining the Youngstown & Southern Railway. Later he was in the puddling department of the Brown-Bonnell Iron and Steel Plant for a number of years, and is now giving his time to his duties as general agent of the Youngstown Humane Society. Joseph F. Williams received his primary education in the grammar schools of Youngstown, graduated from the Rayen High School in 1900 and took both his college and professional work in Western Reserve University. He was graduated from Adelbert College in 1904 with the A. B. degree, and received his LL. B. degree in 1906. Admitted to the bar that year, he began practice„ and in 1907 became a member of the firm Williams & Cooper. This relationship was continued with mutual profit until 1918 when Mr. Cooper was elected a judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Mahoning County. Since then Mr. Williams has carried on a large law practice as an individual. He is a member of the County, State and American Bar associations, belongs to the Belmont Athletic Association, and is affiliated with Lake Erie Consistory of the Scottish Rite Masons at Cleveland,. and also Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. June 12, 1907, he married Miss Gussie Kelley Hamilton of Kelleys Island, Ohio. They have two children : Madeline, born in 1910, and Nancy, born in 1918. JOHN A. BUCK. a. well-to-do and respected farmer of Jackson Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, and now living in retirement in the Village of North Jackson, was born in Bazetta Township, Trumbull County, Ohio, on October 15, 1854, the son of Michael and Mary Ann (Gilbert) Buck. The latter was born in Austintown Township, Mahoning County, but the father, Michael Buck, was born in another state, and was brought into Ohio and to Mahoning Valley when he was eight years old. David Bnck, grandfather of John A., came from New York State to Austin- town, and when Michael grew to manhood and married, he, Michael, went into Trumbull County and took up the farm in Bazetta Township upon which John A. was born. A year or so after the birth of the latter Michael Buck returned to Austin- town and entered into possession of the farm upon which John A. lived until marriage. Michael Buck died on that farm, which is about one-half a mile to the south of Austintown, at the age of seventy-two years. His wife, Mary Ann Gilbert, had long predeceased him, death coming to her when she was only fifty-four years old. She was the daughter of John Gilbert, a cabinet maker well-known in Austin- YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 397 town Township. He owned a farm several hundred acres in extent situated about 1 1/2 miles southward of Austintown, that property going at his death to his son John A. Gilbert, who died on the farm, which then became the property of his daughter, who is the wife of Doctor Schurrenberger, whose life is elsewhere recorded in this edition of Mahoning County history. David Buck, father of Michael and grandfather of John A., was the father of nine children, four sons and five daughters. Only one of the nine still survives, John Buck, a Civil war veteran living in Paulding County. Michael's three brothers were veterans of the Civil war, Hiram serving with an Indiana regiment and being a farmer in that state at that time; John serving with a Ma- honing County company, and taking up residence m Paulding County twenty-five years ago; and Daniel, also serving with a local company. John was captured by the Confederate forces, and was held for a long time in a Southern prison. Michael was a well- regarded resident, but had no inclination for public office. He attended industriously to his farm operation, and was a good husband and father. He and his wife, Mary Ann (Gilbert), were the parents of three children, sons, who by name and in order of birth were: John A., of whom more follows; Samuel Jefferson, who died in Austintown at the age of fifty-one years; and Charles C., who died in Canfield Township at the age of forty-two years. John A. Buck, first-born of Michael and Mary Ann (Gilbert) Buck, lived on the home farm until he married, in 1878, he being then twenty-four years old. In 1881 he bought a good farm in Jackson Township, on the Youngstown Road, and about 1 1/2 miles to the eastward of North Jackson, and that farm he operated steadily and with invariably good success, for twenty-nine years, when he retired. "'The farm, which formerly was known as the Cyrus Pain farm, he brought into very good cultivation. The house is a comfortable one and was built sixty years ago by Cyrus Pain. Mr. Buck built a substantial barn during his occupancy of the farm, and his son Chauncey, who now has the farm, has erected two silos, so that the property is well improved in all ways. John A. Buck during his active operation of the farm did well in general farming, to which the farm is best adapted, and at most times kept good stock. Politically he is a republican, but he has never evinced any eagerness for public office. He has, nevertheless, been elected to office, and has for two years undertaken the duties of township assessor. He married in 1878 Mary M. Moherman, daughter of Daniel and Susan (Miller) Moherman, the former a substantial farmer in Austintown Township, owner of a fine farm which is now in the possession of his son John Moherman. Mr. and Mrs. John A. Buck have two children : Chauncey A. in early manhood was a teacher, but has given his time wholly to farming matters since the retirement of his father from the farm, which he now and has since 1908 operated. He married Lulu May Miller, but there has been no issue. Edith married S. H. Goldner, who is connected with the Stambaugh-Thompson Company, and is succeeding well in life, They have one child, a son, John Robert. JAMES RENWICK EWING, The Ewings are a family that can claim more than a century of residence in Mahoning County, and men of that name have achieved honor and respect by reason of their activities as farmers, business men and in the professions, and by the deep loyalty and sincerity of their citizenship. Of this family, James Renwick Ewing has given most of his life to the cares and duties of agriculture. His home is in Jackson Township, twelve miles southwest of Youngstown, and he was born in the same township October 4, 1852. His grandfather, John Ewing, was a Scotch Irishman, a native of Ireland, and came to Mahoning County about 1803. He was a brother of Archibald Ewing, who came at the same time and established another well known branch of the family in this section. John Ewing married Margaret Orr and spent his active life on a farm in Jackson Township and reared a large family. The names of his children were Mary, Marjorie, Martha, Anna, Nellie, Sarah, Rebecca, Catherine, Alexander, Gibson and John. The old homestead was acquired by his son John, who was the father of Samuel O. Ewing. Gibson Ewing, father of James R., was born in Jackson Township July 23, 1818, and grew up among the familiar scenes of a frontier country. On May 19, 1842, he married Margaret Riddle, who was born on the farm now owned by her son James Renwick Ewing, September 18, 1823, daughter of Samuel and Margaret Riddle, both of whom spent their lives on the farm just mentioned. Margaret Riddle inherited 100 acres of this place, and at the time of his marriage Gibson Ewing settled in the woods and by many years of industry accumulated a well improved estate of nearly 300 acres. Gibson Ewing died February II, I890, his wife having passed away in January, 1872. They were the parents of a large family of children, six of whom reached mature years: Samuel John, born July 17, 1844, was an early volunteer in the Forty-First Ohio Infantry, and after being wounded was brought home and died May 2, 1863, at the age of nineteen; Martha Ann, who was born August 7, 1846, died September 17, 1902, just two weeks after the death of her husband, D. R. Johnson, who was a brother of the late Judge Johnson; James Renwick; Rutherford, born October 9, 1858, died at the age of twenty-two; Mary E., wife of Frank Clemens, living at Warren, Ohio; and Sarah M., wife of H. S. Klingman. James Renwick Ewing acquired his early education in the public schools of Jackson Township, attended the old Poland Union Seminary, and on October 23, 1873, married Mary Lynn, of the prominent Lynn family of Canfield. She was born in the southwest part of Jackson Township April 7, 1854, a daughter of Levi Lynn. At the time of his marriage Mr. Ewing moved to the Riddle farm, in which his mother had inherited a third interest. Assisted by his father James Ewing bought out the other heirs, and started with 100 acres. Later he bought fifty-four acres more, and then divided his property into two farms, building a new set of buildings on the south part. His son Renwick L. farmed this portion until his death two years later, and that land was then sold, leaving at 398 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY present seventy-seven acres of the old property. Mr. Ewing has spent his business life on this farm, has taken pride in its improvement and development and its productiveness, and for many years the place has been a dairy farm. His sons have been interested in the breeding of Jersey cattle for a number of years. The old home was a brick house, and Mr. Ewing replaced it with the present residence, modern in every respect, with acetylene lighting plant, running water, bath, and hot air furnace. Mr. Ewing and family are members of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics he has always been affiliated as a republican. He served nine years as trustee of the township, and his son George is one of the present trustees. His son Renwick also served as a trustee. Mr. and Mrs. Ewing were the parents of four children. Mrs. Ewing died September 24, 1912, at the age of fifty-eight years and five months, and there were three deaths rn the family just two years apart. The oldest of the children is Harmon R., born May 14, 1875, a successful attorney at Sebring, who married Nora Tibbitt, of Jackson Township, daughter of John and Almira Tibbitt, now living retired at Warren. Harmon Ewing and wife have one son, Howard, born November 24, 1902. The second of the children was Austin Rutherford, who was born March 10, 1879, and died November is, 1914. He was at the time of his death a sergeant on the police force at Youngstown and was killed, while riding a fire truck to a fire, being thrown from the running board against a telephone pole. His wife was Anna Krause, adopted daughter of Lee Krause of Youngstown. She had been a professional nurse and since the death of her husband has resumed that profession in a hospital at Youngstown. She is the mother of one daughter, Ramah M., now eleven years of age. Renwick L. Ewing, born December 14, 1881, died October 23, 1916. He was one of the progressive young farmers of Jackson Township and was active as a Jersey cattle man and in township affairs. He married Estella Williams, daughter of DeLos Williams of Ellsworth Township, and she is now living in Arizona. The youngest of the family, George G. Ewing, was born September 21, 1886, and has spent his active life on the home farm. His brother Renwick had operated the homestead for five years before his death, and then George rented the land and is now in the full tide of his career as a farmer and stock raiser. He married Oneda Buntse, daughter of John and Jane Buntse, of Ellsworth Township. Their three children are Loren, born August 5, 19o9; Robert A., born September 7, 1912; and Mary Jane, born April 17, 1915.