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YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY -775 Owen made his first trip to America in a sailing vessel, which. was blown out of its course and was nine Sundays on the sea. On reaching America he went to Philadelphia, where an aunt was living, and in that city made his home for several years. Austin Allibone was then bringing out his Dictionary of American Authors, and the publishers, Childs & Peterson of Philadelphia, secured Mr. Owen to introduce the work. In this way he met many prominent men, especially the literary men of the fifties and early sixties—about whom it was a delight in his after years to hear him talk. The territory of his travel for this publishing house extended- through the South and as far West as Mississippi. Not long after his coming to this country his father came over with his wife and two daughters, the youngest of the family, and bought a farm in Palmyra, Ohio, where a cousin was living. While on a visit to his father John M. Owen met the young woman who afterward became his wife, Jane Evans, the daughter of David Evans, one of the early settlers of Portage County. After his marriage, tired of traveling, Mr. Owen bought a farm in Palmyra, where he lived a short time before coming to Youngstown, where he had bought a half interest in the store of John R. Thomas on the southwest corner of the Diamond. In the latter part of the sixties he went into the coal mining industry, a business that continued to absorb most of his energies until several years before his death. He opened and managed at different times mines in Brookfield, Austintown and at Port Royal, Pennsylvania. It was from John M. Owen that the Dollar Savings & Trust Company bought the land on which the bank is now located. He died March 15, 1899, at the family home on Belmont Avenue, which is now the site of the St. Elizabeth Hospital. By his marriage he had six children, two of whom died in childhood. The remaining are Perry Burnham Owen, John Meredith Owen, Emma Jane Owen and Florence Catherine Owen, all residents of Youngstown. Perry B. Owen, fourth in order of birth among the children, was born at Youngstown September 11, 1866, and grew up in his native city, being educated at the Rayen High School and later taking a commercial course in Duff's Business College at Pittsburgh. Shortly after leaving college he became identified with the Girard Iron Company of Girard, Ohio, and remained with that business until 1909 when he accepted the position of manager and assistant secretary of the Union Safe Deposit Company. Since 1911 he has been secretary and one of the directors of this well known institution. His associates and fellow citizens regard him as one of the capable and energetic business men of the city, where his business and financial connections are numerous and important. Mr. Owen is a member of the Youngstown Club, the Youngstown Country Club and the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce. In his political allegiance he supports the republican party, and he and his wife are members of the First Presbyterian Church. October 22, 19031 he married Miss Emily Bonnell, a daughter of W. Scott Bonnell of Youngstown. W. G. BATE, president and general manager of the Cleveland Cut Flower Company of Newton Falls, Ohio, an enterprise of appreciable consequence to that place, representing as it does an investment of more than $250,000, is one of the most optimistic and effective public workers of that rapidly-growing industrial center. His place among the alert business men of that town is indicated by his office, that of president, in the Newton Falls Board of Trade and Improvement Association; and to his able work in its behalf is generally attributed the present high standing in educational excellence of the Newton Falls public schools. He and his brothers own a large acreage of Newton Falls land, which in all probability will ultimately be needed for building purposes. It came into the possession of the Bate brothers by no degree of speculation, but for the legitimate purposes of their floricultural enterprise. Mr. Bate is a native of Cleveland, Ohio, and for about twenty years has been a florist, and an expert in floriculture for the greater part of that time. About two the firm of Bate Brothers was established in Cleveland, and three years later that business was merged with that of the F. R. Williams Company of the same city, the consolidation taking corporate form under the firm name of the Cleveland Cut Flower Company, the operations of which in the intervening seventeen years, from 1903 to the present, 1920, have been extensive and lucrative. The company purchased a tract of 173 acres in Newton Falls in 1903, the village being in natural qualities recognized as advantageous to the company for nursery purposes. Two greenhouses, 15 by 400 feet, were erected in that year, and the output in cut flowers went to meet the demand of their wholesale trade. Mr. W. G. Bate took up residence in Newton Falls in that year, and soon gave indication that he was a man of energy and aggressiveness, and that his interest in the village would be a factor in its future growth. The nursery business developed rapidly, and additional glass was necessary from time to time, and as the plant now stands the ten large greenhouses of the company cover, almost five acres of land. The company is able to supply cut flowers of most of the seasonal varieties, but its specialties, under glass, are roses and carnations. The company maintains a wholesale house in Cleveland, and the volume of business appears to be ever expanding. It has already grown to such dimensions as to far exceed the most optimistic hopes of the brothers in the early years of the enterprise, and its magnitude and continued success indicate that the brothers are business men of, ability, as well as indefatigable workers. Very few businesses have been brought to firm establishment without hard work and constant attention by the principals, and such was probably the experience of the Bate brothers in the early years of the operation of their Newton Falls plant. But they were men able to put in such labor, and their general actions since they have lived in Newton Falls have gone to prove such a supposition. They are characteristically men of action, and Mr. W. G. Bate, in particular, has put vigor and hope into many a flagging local proposition. He has taken a- leading part in most development projects in Newton Falls during the last dec- 776 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY ade or so, and his public endeavors have been generally appreciated. As president of the Newton Falls Board of Trade and Improvement Association he has been able to initiate some and to further many projects of consequence to the growing industrial center, and his fellow-townsmen have much confidence in him and in his recommendations. During the last four years Mr. Bate has been especially prominent in movements having for their object the betterment of school conditions and facilities in Newton Falls, and the standing of the town in matters of education at this time has been a matter publicly commented on by county authorities. To Mr. Bate's guidance and plannings during his four years as a member of the school board is generally attributed such a commendable state. He and his brother have platted the allotment of Rose Park, which belongs to their company, and which is rapidly becoming a desirable residential section of Newton Falls ; and they may themselves find satisfaction in realizing that their own efforts during the last seventeen years, in their own business enterprise, have been a prominent factor in the development that is coming to Newton Falls. Personally and socially Mr. W. G. Bate is well regarded in the community. So also is his wife, who was Minnie B. Flick; of Cleveland. Both were active in the home phases of war work during the years of emergency. They have two children, Alfred and Irma. Mr. Bate is a member of the Masonic and Independent Order of Odd Fellows lodges, a life member of the Society of American Florists, and a director of the First National Bank. BERT ALLEN HART. With the rapid influx of new industries and population, the City of Warren has had to readjust itself from the status of a well balanced small city to that of a large and populous community within the last ten years. Obviously that transformation has entailed tremendous labors for those responsible for the handling of municipal affairs. One of the valued members of the City Council during this period of growth and development, during 1918-19, was Dr. Bert Allen Hart, who has been a resident of Warren for the past fifteen years, and a prominent professional man during that time. He was elected a member of the City Council from the First Ward in 1917. During his term he served as chairman of the committee on streets and as a member of the committee on sewers. Both of these committees had to solve many pressing problems of improvements as well as a heavy routine of duties. Perhaps no City Council has ever been burdened with more vital issues than the one of which Doctor Hart was a member. Some of the larger questions involved was the inauguration of a complete sewer system, the building of pavements, the securing of a practical street railway franchise, the regulation of the speed of railway trains within the city limits. To all these and other measures Doctor Hart gave the closest study and all the benefits of his wide experience as a citizen, and he did that work from an unquestioned patriotism and with a single desire to place Warren on the plane of its new responsibilities and prosperity. However, at the end of one term, feeling that he had rendered all the service that might justly be required of him, he refused to be a candidate for re-election. Doctor Hart, who has made a splendid record in his profession as a dentist, is a native of Ohio and represents prominent pioneer families of Stark and Carroll counties. His ancestry is Scotch-Irish on both sides, and his grandparents came to Ohio from Connecticut. His paternal grandfather, Hezekiah Hart, was born in Connecticut and settled in Stark County, near Minerva, in pioneer times. The maternal grandfather, William Brothers, came from Connecticut and likewise settled in Stark County. John M. Hart, father of Doctor Hart, was born in Stark County, and enlisted in a three months' regiment at the beginning of the Civil war. At the expiration of that term he re-enlisted and served until the close of the struggle, with the Seventy-Fifth Ohio Infantry. After the war he went to Kansas, but returned to Minerva, Ohio, and married Miss Rebecca Brothers, who was born in Stark County and died in 1889. In 1876 John M. Hart returned to Kansas, and was a stockman and farmer in that state until his death in 1891. Bert Allen Hart was born at Minerva, Ohio, January 29, 1873, and the next year accompanied his parents to Kansas, where he had a common and high school education. Returning to Ohio, he received his first instruction in dentistry at Minerva, and later completed a full course of study in the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery in Philadelphia, graduating with the degree D. D. S. with the class of 1896. For about 2/2 years he practiced at Scranton, Pennsylvania, and for eight years at Pittsburgh. Since 1906 his home has been at Warren, where he has enjoyed the highest degree of professional success. He is a member of the Warren Board of Trade, and is affiliated with Old Erie Lodge No. 3, Free and Accepted Masons, and various other branches of Masonry, including Warren Commandery No. 39, Knights Templar ; the Scottish Rite Consistory and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is also a member of the Elks and Maccabees at Warren, and a member of the Warren Rotary Club, the Trumbull Country Club, the Masonic Club and the First Presbyterian Church. Doctor Hart married Maude Ardine Bernhouse, of Malvern, Ohio. They have one daughter, Eleanor Rebecca. AMOS C. LAWTON, the efficient engineer of the Newton Falls Water Works, is one of the most popular residents of that community. He has the reputation of being most thorough and reliable in his public trust, and has never yet failed in his public service responsibility, every fire alarm of the last twelve years in Newton Falls finding him at his post with a pressure at the fire hydrant of 120 pounds, that being but one indication of his characteristic faithfulness and reliability. He comes of a well-known Trumbull County family, the Lawtons having been resident in Braceville Township since early pioneer days. Amos C. Lawton was born in Braceville Township, Trumbull County, Ohio, on July 26, 186o, the son of Sanford and Eveline (Richards) Lawton. YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 777 The Lawton family came into Ohio in the early part of the nineteenth century, the pioneer ancestor being Lewis Lawton, grandfather of Amos C. He settled in Braceville Township, Trumbull County, and there died in 1828, six years after the birth of his son. Sanford, father of Amos C. Sanford was reared in the home of a neighbor, Edward Oviatt, of Braceville Township, and he remained with him until he married Eveline Richards, who was born in Newton Falls, Trumbull County, and whose circumstances in early life were somewhat similar to those under which Sanford Lawton passed his boyhood. As a young girl she was orphaned, and grew to womanhood in the home of the Lane family of Newton Falls. When the Civil war came to dislocate all personal interest, Sanford Lawton, like so many other young patriots, left his wife and children to the providence of the nation and enlisted as a soldier in the Union army. His war record is very interesting, and demonstrates the fact that he was one of the stalwart and courageous soldiers of that time. He served altogether for three years and four months, in Company G of the Nineteenth Ohio Regiment, and with that unit served under General Sherman in the famous southern campaign, which ended in the march through Georgia to the sea, a march that brought devastation, starvation and irreparable ruin to the cause of the Confederate states. Mr. Lawton was unfortunate during that march, being captured by Confederate forces at Peach Tree Creek, near Atlanta. However, he was one of those strong spirited men who have little fear and much initiative, and he was not long a prisoner, escaping from the stockade with a comrade, Asa Stiles, an Illinois soldier. Eventually he reached safety and his own home again; but with the thoroughness of purpose of a true patriot he soon afterward left home again and reported for duty, and continued with his company until the end, when he received an honorable discharge. His company captain in early campaigning had been Franklin Stowe, of Braceville, for whom he had worked before the war in clearing a large tract of timber owned by Captain Stowe. The captain died in the service, and Mr. Lawton, with worthy loyalty to his old commander and former employer, went directly to his home after discharge and took up the work of clearing that tract of timber for the widow and her son. He continued in that work until he cleared the whole tract, after which he spent about five or six years on his own farm in Braceville. His end then came, he being fifty-one years old in the year of his death. Sanford Lawton's life was a worthy one, and marked by noteworthy self denial, unselfishness and loyalty. To him and his wife were born two children, both born before he entered military service. The children were Fanny and Amos C., Fanny being the elder by two years. She married Henry Chapman, of Braceville. Their mother, Eveline (Richards) Lawton, lived a long widowhood, her death not coming until she had passed her seventy-sixth year. Her last years were spent near her son Amos, who cared for her in her old age. Amos C. was only thirteen years old when his father died, and the work of the home farm devolved chiefly upon him then. He remained with his mother and sister in Braceville until he was twenty-one years old, and then came to Newton Falls, where he learned the blacksmithing and tool making trade, with the Star Drilling Company, now of Akron, Ohio. He was in the employ of that company for six years, making a general line of oil-well drilling tools, and from that time has been an engineer practically all the while. For six years he was in Warren, in the employ of W. C. Stiles, having charge of the latter's ship timber cutting machinery, including a 150 horsepower boiler, after which for eight years he was at Delaware, Ohio, during the whole of that time drilling test wells for oil and water. He was experienced in such work, and later had charge of such experimental work in several counties of Ohio, succeeding in bringing in many good water wells. In November, 1908, he started the machinery of the Newton Falls Water Works, of which plant he has ever since had control. For twelve years he has not missed a fire alarm, such a record testifying well to his loyalty in work, for the ordinary tank pressure is seventy-five pounds, whereas in times of emergency the direct pressure at the fire hydrant must be 120 pounds. He has never failed to furnish that pressure. He is a man of comprehensive knowledge of and understanding of machinery. He constructed the original water plant at Newton Falls, and he has had charge of all extensions since that time. Some important changes are now being made, electric-driven machinery being installed to replace the old steam-driven machinery, which will not be dismantled, but retained for emergency. Mr. Lawton is a man of cheerful disposition and likable nature; in fact, he is one of the most popular men in Newton Falls. He is honest, reliable and helpful; has the confidence of the people who have come to believe that he is on duty at the water plant for 365 days each year ; and is ever ready to help in any way possible, whether the demand for help comes from the town-council or his next-door neighbor. He has much of his father's characteristic faithfulness and loyalty, and townsmen such as he are appreciated by the community in general. He has been married for more than twenty years, his wedding of Ella Pardy, of Warren, having taken place on March 15, 1900. ARTHUR G. HALL. One of the most interesting and valuable industries in the Mahoning Valley is the American Sintering Company. The original plant of this company is at Hubbard, while there is another at Youngstown. The headquarters of the corporation are in Chicago. The manufactured product is known as "Sinter." As everyone knows, the furnaces throw off great quantities of heavy smoke and gasses, laden with fine particles of ore waste. The province of the American Sintering Company is to collect and save this waste, and by a special process is able to convert the waste into a material like coarse ashes, which is then resold to the furnaces as a high quality of ore. The process is an ingenious one, and effects a remarkable saving of a product that was formerly altogether wasted and lost. The superintendent of the Hubbard plant is Arthur 778 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY G. Hall, who has under his supervision eighty employes. The output of the Hubbard plant is 12,000 tons per month. The Halls are one of the oldest families of Hubbard Township. They came like so many other early settlers here from New Jersey, and Mr. Hall's grandfather, Jesse, was either born in Trumbull County or shortly before the family moved here. His mother died at the old Hall farm at the age of 102 years. That old homestead is still held by the family. Arthur G. Hall was born at Hubbard September 27, 1881, son of Jesse A. and Mary I. (Flaugher) Hall. His father was born in the township, 2/2 miles north of Hubbard, about 1850, and died at the age of fifty, having spent all his life in the township. Arthur G. Hall attended the Hubbard schools and learned the machinist's trade with George McKay at Youngstown. His father had been superintendent of the old Hubbard Rolling Mill. After working with McKay for several years Mr. Hall returned to Hubbard in 1913 as machinist in charge of the machinery of the Hubbard plant of the Sintering Company. In 1918 he was made master mechanic, and since August 16, 1918, has been superintendent. He lives in Hubbard, is active in the Presbyterian Church and Sunday school and is one of the thoroughly public-spirited citizens of that locality. In 1908 Mr. Hall married May Bannon, of Hubbard. Her father, Barney Bannon, was killed on the Erie Railroad in Youngstown. Mrs. Hall died in March, 1916, the mother of three children: Mary Frances, Mildred Ida and Arthur Bernard. The son died soon after his mother, at the age of two years. In 1918 Mr. Hall married Fay Garvin, of Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. G. H. JEDELE. Railroad work was a part of the family tradition in the home where G. H. Jedele grew up, and it was therefore easy for him to exercise a choice among occupations and opportunities when he came toward manhood. His work as a railroad man has been notable for its efficiency and increasing responsibilities. Mr. Jedele, whose official headquarters are at Coalburg and whose home is at Youngstown, is trainmaster of the New York Central Railway in this section of the Mahoning Valley. He was born at Manchester, Michigan, November 15, 1882. His father, Fred Jedele, is one of the veterans in the service of the New York Central, as a section foreman, and is still living at Manchester, having given thirty-six years to his work at that one location. G. H. Jedele acquired his education in the schools of his native town, and in 1901, at the age of nineteen, became clerk in the roadmaster's office at Hillsdale, Michigan. He was advanced to chief clerk and in 1905 was transferred to Silver Creek, New York, as clerk to the roadmaster. Following that for two years he was foreman of an extra construction gang in Indiana and at Ashtabula, Ohio, and in 1907 he laid the rails out from Coalburg on the main line to Andover, Ohio. He was then called to the chief engineer's office at Cleveland, and in 1910 was made general foreman at Elyria and became assistant roadmaster there in 1913. He was road- master at Alliance from 1914 to 1916, and then train-master and track supervisor at Dunkirk, New York. Mr. Jedele on May 15, 1918, was sent to Youngstown as trainmaster on the .Franklin Division, having supervision over the entire Franklin Division, including the Ashtabula line. His department, with Youngstown as the terminal, has a personnel of forty-six road trainmen, with 234 on the entire division. His official duties make him one of the leading railway executives in the Mahoning Valley. Mr. Jedele is a member of all the Masonic bodies, including Buffalo Consistory and the Shrine at Cleveland. At the age of thirty-four he married Carolyn Fisher, of Wilmington, Delaware. ROBERT B. McKEOWN for over a quarter of a century has been identified with the iron and steel plant at Hubbard, now the Hubbard branch of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company. He was formerly superintendent, but is now chief chemist. In the earlier days of the iron and steel industry it was not thought so necessary to employ an expert chemist, the technical decisions depending rather upon an expert practical judgment, which approximated more or less an exact science. Now in modern plants every blast is determined by chemical analysis. Mr. McKeown was born in Youngstown January 7, 1866. His father, William W. McKeown, was an old time Youngstown druggist. He came to Ohio from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, was in North Lima for a time, and in the later fifties moved to Youngstown, where he was engaged in the drug business for forty-five years, until he retired. He died in 1904, at the age of sixty-five. For many years he was a member and clerk of the Board of Education. Robert B. McKeown grew up in Youngstown and acquired a liberal education. He graduated from the Rayen High School with the class of 1885 and in 1889 received his classical degree from Williams College at Williamstown, Massachusetts. His first work as an industrial chemist came in May, 1892, with the Andrews & Hitchcock plant at Hubbard. He remained with the plant as chemist until January, 1900, when he was promoted to assistant superintendent under W. H. Hitchcock, a son of the old proprietor, and had all the practical duties of superintendent and eventually was promoted to that title and responsibility. In January, 1915, he chose to resume his former place as chief chemist in the laboratory, his health not permitting continued work as superintendent. The plant was rebuilt during his supervision. The policy of the Andrews & Hitchcock firm was to depend on their own employes to build and construct rather than secure professional engineers, so that a wide range of work was demanded from him as superintendent. Mr. McKeown is unmarried and practically his one absorbing interest for nearly thirty years has been the Hubbard plant. JOHN WARREN DRAPER. The chief business he has followed during his active life has been that of plumber, but John Warren Draper is also a man of interesting character because of his connection with one of the old homes of Howland Township. He lives today on a portion of the old Draper home- YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 779 stead in that township, half way between Warren and Niles, 2 1/2 miles from the county seat and 2 1/2 miles from Niles. On this farm he was born November 19, 1882, son of Silas Emery and Eliza (Rex) Draper. His grandparents were John and Laura (Burnett) Draper. John Draper, who was born at Niles, was the son of pioneer settlers who came from Connecticut. John was born in 1827, and in early life was a successful teacher for several years. Fifty-four years ago he acquired the land now included in the old Draper homestead above noted, in Howland Township. He lived there until his death in 1887, at the age of sixty. His widow continued to live at the old home until her death, June 16, 1914, at the age of seventy-four. Her mother died in her childhood and her father was Silas Burnett, a farmer of Howland Township who finally retired to Warren. Silas Burnett was three times married. Silas Emery Draper was born at Niles September 26, 1854, being the only child of his parents, who, however, reared from childhood a girl, Ella (DeWolf) Draper, who is now Mrs. William Reedle, of Cleveland. Silas E. Draper was twelve years of age when his parents moved to the Howland Township farm in 1866, and he spent his life there, passing away December 11, 1918. The farm originally comprised 16o acres and was maintained as a fine body of agricultural land during the lifetime of Silas E. Draper. He spent his life in the house which was built by his father. He was never concerned with the cares of public office, voted as a republican, and was a member of the Central Christian Church of Warren. At the age of twenty he married Eliza Rex, who was born in Somersetshire, England, and was one year old when she came to America with her parents, Daniel and Mary Rex, who located in North Bloomfield Township, where they spent the rest of their lives, dying when past seventy. The children of Silas E. Draper and wife were: Laura, wife of Ed B. Rush, living on a part of the old homestead and the mother of Edwin Peter and Lida May ; Hattie Rachel, who died at the age of twenty, a young woman who had been devoted to Sunday School and church; John Warren; and Ella Marie Turner, who lives on a portion of the old homestead and has three children, Dorothy Louise, Hazel Lucile and Emery Eugene. John Warren Draper acquired a good education during his youth and left the farm to learn the plumber's trade. He had a shop for one year in Warren, and since then has made his business headquarters at the old homestead. About 15 1/2 acres of the old farm are still held by members of the family. Mr. Draper is not only a very proficient mechanic in his own trade, but has a fundamental gift and genius for fine workmanship. His chief hobby is the making of telescopes, particularly the grinding and finishing of the lenses. He has constructed a ten-inch telescope, practically a perfect instrument for the size. While Mr. Draper has used his telescope to observe the celestial phenomena, he cares more about the mechanical features than astronomy as a science. He is a republican, is a member of the Odd Fellows, and has been a team worker in the uniform rank of that order. October 7, 1911, he married Miss Bessie Haynes, who was born in West Virginia. CARROLL FRANCIS CLAPP has been intimately associated with the history of the City of Warren during the past forty years, and his long residence has brought honor alike to the community and to himself. Mr. Clapp is of the seventh and last generation of his direct family, which with his death will become extinct. His ancestor Roger Clapp came over from England in the year 1630, ten years after the landing of the Pilgrims. He brought with him the family coat of arms and motto. The former the family discarded after the signing of the Declaration of Independence, but to the latter, which is "do right, come what may," each generation of the family has held fast. Roger Clapp settled at Dorchester in the Massachusetts colony, and from there one of his sons went to the Connecticut colony, becoming a land owner at Tolland. Subsequently this Tolland property was traded to the Connecticut Land Company for land at Windsor, Ashtabula County, Ohio, and one branch of the Clapp family came west in 1813 to occupy the tract, becoming early pioneers in the Western Reserve. Ichabod Clapp, son of Jonathan and father of Carroll F. Clapp, was born at Tolland, Connecticut, September to, 1810, and was three years old when the family came to Ohio. After the death of his father Ichabod was bound out to a farmer in Geauga County until he would have attained his twenty-first year. By the old English custom then prevailing he as the only son inherited his father's estate, and upon reaching his majority took possession of the parental farm and continued to reside there until his death, January 17, 1891. December 31, 1834, he married Hannah McIntosh, who was born at Castleton, Vermont, August 17, 1815, a daughter of Major Duncan McIntosh, who came over from Scotland in 1765 and settled in Vermont. The majority of the descendants settled in Ohio as early as 1830. Mrs. Ichabod Clapp died January 14, 1878. A monument in Windsor Cemetery marks the last resting place of these pioneers, parents of the subject of this sketch. Carroll Francis Clapp was born at the old Clapp homestead in Geauga County February 22, 1847- His early years were spent on a 'farm, his education was begun in the country schools and continued in the old Western Reserve Seminary at West Farmington and in Orwell Academy, both well known Ohio institutions. At the age of eighteen he became a school teacher, a vocation he followed for about eight years. Mr. Clapp came to Warren in 1878 and engaged in the real estate business, opening the first real estate office in the city. He was also the first to list and advertise property for sale in the newspapers, then an innovation to Warren people. A year after coming here Mr. Clapp associated himself with John W. Taylor, and they were in business together for several years. After a time he also began handling insurance, and in 1910 incorporated the Clapp-Lewis Agency Company, real estate and insurance, an organization of which Mr. Clapp was president. 780 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY Aside from the above business he has been very active in other lines of endeavor, and is still identified with interests of importance both to himself and the city. He was president of the Trumbull Electric Railway Company when the gap in that road between Niles and Brier Hill was built, thus giving continuous street car service between Warren and Youngstown. He was secretary and treasurer of the Mahoning Park & Land Company. For several years he was president of the Second National Bank of Warren, retiring from the office and selling his stock at the expiration of the first charter of the bank. He was vice president of the Warren Paint Company, a business that was sold following the death of his brother Milo S., who was president of the company. Mr. Clapp's activity in business and civic affairs constitutes an unusual record, but the fact that has brought him state and nation wide acquaintance and honor is his participation in the affairs of the Masonic order. He was made a Mason February 26, 1875, in Harts Grove Lodge No. 397,. Free and Accepted Masons. When he took up his residence in Warren he affiliated with Old Erie Lodge No. 3, and passed all the chairs in that lodge. In 1888, at the request of the then Most Worshipful Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, he began visiting subordinate lodges- and instructing the members in the work, and for four years was lecturer of the First District of the state. His acquaintance in Masonic circles broadened and soon extended to all parts of the state, which led to his being elected Most Worshipful Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ohio October 24, 1894, and he was unanimously reelected in 1895. He declined to serve a second term and is the only grand master who after a reelection has declined that honor from the Grand Lodge of Ohio. His declining, however, and reason for so doing has established a one-year term for grand masters of. Ohio. He made many decisions and recommendations that have been of great value to the fraternity. As Most Worshipful Grand Master he dedicated the Ohio Masonic Home at Springfield, and in 1906 was chosen a trustee of the Home, while at the present time (192o) he is second vice president and chairman of the committee on admissions and discharges of the institute. He is a member of Warren Commandery No. 39, Knights Templar, and in 1904 was elected Right Eminent Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery of Ohio, and since that time has served as a member of the committee on Templar jurisprudence. In 1892 he received the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite in the Valley of Cleveland, Lake Erie Consistory, of which he is a life member; and at Philadelphia September 59, 1899, he received the thirty-third and last degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite and was made an honorary member of -the Supreme Council. He is a life member of Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Cleveland. Mr. Clapp is a member of the National Masonic Research Society and the Ohio Masonic Veterans Association, and a charter member of Warren Masonic Club and president of the Masonic Temple Company. Carroll F. Clapp Lodge No. 655, Free and Accepted Masons, of Warren, chartered in 1920, was named in honor of Mr. Clapp, a distinguished and graceful compliment to the man and his work, and an honor but seldom conferred on a man during his lifetime. This was the first Masonic lodge to have been instituted in Trumbull County during the last thirty-five years and was constituted November 6, 192o, with appropriate ceremonies, during which Mr. Clapp was given abundant testimony of the esteem and honor in which he is held by the fraternity. December 25, 1871, Mr. Clapp married Augusta J. Morgan, daughter of Dr. Hiram Morgan, of Hart's Grove, Ohio. Mrs. Clapp was educated at Austinburg College in Ohio. Until her health failed she was active in the different women's organizations at Warren, and was very much interested in local historical and genealogical research, being regarded as an authority along these lines. Her death occurred October 9, 1920, and she was laid to rest in the family mausoleum in Oakwood Cemetery, Warren, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Clapp traveled extensively. In 1911 they toured Europe, spending a considerable time in England, Ireland and Scotland, and in France, and they also spent a winter in Mexico during the regime of President Diaz, who entertained them at the presidential palace, the president himself being a thirty-third degree Mason. WILLIAM A. DALBY is general yardmaster of the New York Central Railway with office headquarters at Coalburg. He has been advanced rapidly in responsibilities during his career as a railroad man, and has important duties in connection with the great and complicated transportation system of the Ma-honing Valley. Mr. Dalby was born in Hubbard Township February 6, 1883. His father, William L. Dalby; was born on an adjoining farm. After the death of his father, William L. Dalby lived and was raised in the home of Alexander Bell, the noted horseman, who far many years was a prominent figure at races and fair associations, both driving and training horses for the track. Alexander Bell was an uncle of Mr. Dalby, his mother's brother. Mr. Dalby finally left his farm and moved to Hubbard, where he engaged in the insurance and real estate business and is still living at Hubbard. William A. Dalby, after getting his education, began railroading on March 17, 1903, as clerk in the yardmaster's office at Youngstown. He remained there until March 26, 1915, when he was promoted to general yardmaster, with the yards at Coalburg, Hubbard and Youngstown under his supervision. This is an office requiring his oversight and direction of Soo men, engaged in handling the enormous traffic in these yards. Mr. Dalby is affiliated with the Elks at Youngstown. February 5, 1919, he married Miss Mayme Sullivan, of Hubbard. February 3, 1920, two days before the first anniversary of their wedding, she died of influenza and Mr. Dalby was also incapacited at the same time. ISAAC HALL PRICE. The spark of mechanical genius was implanted in Mr. Price, and through years of experience he has developed it to a valuable YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 781 service rendered in connection with several well known industries of Warren. He is now a member of the board of directors and general superintendent of the Warren Iron and Steel Company. His early life was spent on a farm and he had little opportunity to train himself in mechanics until he was self-supporting, while working as a telegraph operator. He was born on a farm near Hubbard, Trumbull County, December 26, i868, son of Isaac D. and Nancy Jane (Hall) Price, who also were born in Hubbard. His grandfathers Isaac Price and Jesse Hall were natives of the east and were pioneer settlers in the Mahoning Valley near Hubbard. Isaac D. Price spent his active life as a farmer and died at Hubbard July 3, 1917, at the age of eighty-three, survived by his widow. Until he was about fourteen Isaac Hall Price lived with his parents on a farm in Brookville Township, and afterward on another farm in Braceville Township, Trumbull County. He acquired a common school education, and when he left home at, the age of twenty he worked for two years in a stave mill. While at home he had acquired some proficiency in handling the telegraph instrument, and for fourteen years was employed as a telegraph operator at Cortland, Ohio, on the main line of the Erie Railway. In his leisure time he was constantly experimenting with machinery, and among other accomplishments he built two gas engines. On leaving the service of the Erie Railway in 1903, Mr. Price entered the employ of the Sterling Company of Warren as a machinist. Subsequently that company put him in the laboratory for about six months, then in the engineering department, and for two years he had charge of that department. He and Glenn C. Webster, manager of the Sterling Company, in 1906 engaged in the manufacture of hardware specialties, buying out the Dennison Manufacturing Company. After about three years in that industry Mr. Price for one year was superintendent of the Enterprise Electric Company, and in 1910 became associated with the Warren Iron & Steel Company, in the capacity of master mechanic, a position he has filled now for ten years. In 1919 he was also made a member of the Board of Directors of that corporation and he is now general superintendent. Mr. Price is a member of the Warren Board of Trade, is affiliated with Old Erie Lodge No. 3, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons,: and Mahoning Chapter No. 66, Royal Arch Masons, and is a member of the Second Christian Church. He married Maude Benedict, daughter of Hiram and Olive (Bacon) Benedict, of Braceville. FRANK FOREST CHAMBERLIN, secretary-treasurer of the Warren Motor Truck Company of Warren, Ohio, was born at Eddyville, Iowa, June 25, 1868, son of George W. and Annie S. (Stratton) Chamberlin. His father, who was born near Springfield, Ohio, was. a Union soldier in the Civil war. At the close of the war he removed to Eddyville, Iowa, engaged in the drug business for a few years, and after 1882 became a manufacturer at Council Bluffs, where he died in 1892. Annie S. Stratton was born at Jeffersonville, Indiana, daughter of Myron Stratton, who for many years was superintendent of the Vol. III-25 Baramore shipyards on the Ohio River at Jeffersonville. Frank F. Chamberlin is a nephew of the• late Winfield S. Stratton, a brother of his mother. Winfield S. Stratton was one of the most conspicuous figures in the mining industry of the West, and a thousand stories are told concerning him. As a young man he went West from Indiana to Colorado, followed his trade as a carpenter in the winter, and spent his earnings as a prospector during the summer. He had many hardships, was frequently reduced to the necessity of borrowing money for the next meal, but finally discovered the Independent Mine at Cripple Creek, and promptly sold that property to an English syndicate for $1o,000,000. Mrs. Annie S. Chamberlin died in 1894. Frank F. Chamberlin was educated in the schools of Council Bluffs, and received his early business experience in the auditing department of the Union Pacific Railway at Omaha. After three years he went out to the Pacific Coast country, and during the next four years followed different lines of employment. It was on his return from the West that he entered the service of the Corn Products Refining Company at Chicago. In 1907 this corporation sent him to Warren as their local representative. Later Mr. Chamberlin engaged in the maple syrup business for himself as a manufacturer and broker, establishing the plant and business known as the Standard Maple Products Company. Since 1917 Mr. Chamberlin has given his business energies to the success of an important modern industry, the Warren Motor Truck Company, of which he is secretary and treasurer. He is affiliated with the Warren Lodge of Elks and the Warren Golf Club. He married Mary Wallace, daughter of the late Capt. William Wallace of Warren. DELOS METCALF BELL is one of the enterprising business men who have contributed much to Warren's rising prestige as a center of automobile manufacture. He is general manager of the Warren Motor Truck Company. He was born at Warren May 13, 1884, a son of. John W. and Ella (Metcalf) Bell. His grandfather, Reuben Bell, carne into the Mahoning Valley at an early day, settling first in the vicinity of Youngs-own and afterward. at Warren. The maternal grandfather of Mr. Bell was Dr. Cyrus Metcalf, whose name is prominently identified with the profession of medicine in the Mahoning Valley. For many years he practiced at Bristol and later at Warren, Ind when he retired from his profession he removed to New York City, where he died. His daughter, Ella Metcalf Bell, was born at Bristol in Trumbull County and is still a resident of Warren. John W. Bell was born at Warren in 5846, and at the age of sixteen entered the United States Navy, and served throughout the remaining period of the Civil war. Ere was an artist by profession, making a specialty )f landscape work. He was delegated to paint many ,laces in Cleveland and New York City, and spent nuch of his time in those cities. He also maintained I studio in Warren, and died in that city, November 11, 1895. The life of Delos Metcalf Bell has been largely 782 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY spent at Warren, where he attended the public schools. At the age of eighteen he began an apprenticeship at the watch-making and jewelry business in the store of Vautrat & Myers of Warren. He was there several years, but in 1900 went to Cuba and spent five years with the quartermaster's department of the United States Army of Occupation on that island. After returning to Ohio Mr. Bell opened the. Park Candy Shop at Niles, but after a year sold out and returned to Warren, where he became identified with the Standard Motor Company. Mr. Bell was one of the group of local business men who brought about the reorganization of this company into the Warren Motor Truck Company, and since that date he has. been general manager of the, corporation's affairs. Fraternally he is affiliated with. Old Erie Lodge No. 3, Free and. Accepted Masons, Warren Commandery No. 39, Knights Templar ; Cleveland Consistory of the Scottish Rite and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Cleveland. He is also a. member of Warren Lodge of Elks, the Trumbull Country Club and the Warren Board of Trade. Mr. Bell married Miss Anna Wallace, daughter of the late Capt. William Wallace, banker and prominent citizen of. Warren. They have one daughter, Elizabeth Ann, born—and the date is interesting, taken in connection with the date of her father's birth—On Friday, February 13, 1914. HON. GEORGE J. CAREW was born at Meadville, Pennsylvania, November 10, 1867, his parents being Clement J. and Mary (Shay) Carew, both of Irish ancestry, although the former was born in St. Johns, Newfoundland,— and the latter at Warren, Ohio. Clement J. Carew came to "the States" in 1863, residing first at Boston and later at Meadville, Pennsylvania. He was a cooper by occupation and in later years conducted a factory for the manufacture of products in that line, being engaged in that business until his death. The son George J. Carew attended the public and parochial schools and then entered the government service in the .capacity of a railway mail clerk. During fifteen years spent in that occupation he prepared himself for the bar by a diligent study of law and in his studies enjoyed the Counsel and assistance. of Judge George F. Arra of Youngstown. He was, admitted to the bar of Crawford County, Pennsylvania in 1898, and five, years later began the practice of his profession in Youngstown, being associated with William A. Maline. In 1914 he became city solicitor for the City of Youngstown. In 1917 he was appointed by Governor Cox as judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and in this capacity organized the Court of Domestic Relations, as judge of which he won the admiration and esteem of the public by his kindly personality, patience and conscientious discharge of his duties in connection with the delicate matters coming before that court. At the expiration of his term Judge Carew resumed the practice of law, in which profession he is widely known in Youngstown and surrounding cities. Both as a public official and as a private citizen he has always taken a deep interest in current affairs and has been active in all worthy movements in his community. He was chairman of the campaign which raised $115,000 for the Knights of Columbus war work fund during the World war, a member of the Mahoning War Chest Council, the executive committee of the Community Corporation, and an active participant in all movements of a patriotic or community nature during that period. Judge Carew is a member of the Catholic Church and of the order of Knights of Columbus, of the Rotary Club, and the Elks. He was married on June 23, 1896, to Dora M. Foley, of Youngstown. They have four children living—Francis, a student in the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and Mary Louise, Helen and Dorothy, at home. FREEMAN WILLARD CALVIN, successful farmer and orchardist of Green Township, comes of a family which has had prominent part in the development and affairs of Green Township since 1816. Many references to this family will be found in the present historical work, and especially in the sketch of Henry R. Calvin. The family name has been one of prominence in connection with development and progress in Mahoning County. Freeman W. Calvin, who was born in. Green Township, is the son of Philip Calvin, who was born on a farm adjoining that of Freeman W. The grandparents of Freeman W. were David and Lydia (Roller) Calvin, the former a son of Luther, and one of five brothers who settled in Green Township in about 1816. The five brothers, John, David, Philip, Luther, and Joshua Calvin, sons of Luther Calvin, came into Ohio from Virginia, having previously moved there from New Jersey. Four of the five brothers soon after coming into the Mahoning Valley in 1816 secured tracts of land, the fifth brother, John,, going into Hancock County, Ohio. David acquired too acres, out of which he donated two acres to the purposes of the Locust Grove Baptist Church and Cemetery, of which church he was one of the organizers and for many years a member. He built a substantial residence on the southern part of his farm, and the dwelling is still in good habitable condition, and is, owned by his granddaughter, Mrs. John Feicht. David lived to a good old age, being more than seventy years old when death came. His wife, Lydia Roller,, however, died much earlier in life. Their children were : John, who died on the old homestead at the age of sixty-four, years ; Philip, of whom more is written later ; Luther, who served in the Civil war and later lived in California, where he died; Jacob, a valiant Civil war patriot, died for the cause while in military service; Mary married P. D. Cook, their married life being passed in Green Township, where both ultimately died; Elsie Jane, who married Wess Moore, and also died near her birthplace; Sarah Ann, who married Joseph Stauffer and died in Michigan. Philip Calvin, son of David and Lydia (Roller) Calvin and father of Freeman W., was born in Green Township, but in early life spent fourteen years in, Hancock County, Ohio. Eventually he bought a farm about two miles to the southward of the old homestead in Green Township, his farm also being in that township. Upon that farm he lived until his death,, which occurred when he was sixty-six years YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 783 old, and only five days after the decease of his wife, his end having been hastened by that supreme bereavement. Tbey were the parents of nine children, of whom seven are still living. The children are: Annie, who married Alva Wilson, of Hancock County, Ohio; the second child, Alice, died in early girlhood; Freeman Willard, of whom more is written hereinafter; Harvey, a successful farmer of Green Township, Mahoning County; Henry, who is the subject of detailed reference elsewhere in this work; Bertha, who has part of the Calvin homestead in Green Township; Melville, who died at about one year of age; Oliver, in successful business in the. City of Youngstown; and Carrie, who married Harvey Good, of Beaver Township. Freeman Willard Calvin, son of Philip and Mary Mitchley Calvin, lived at home until he was twenty-four years old, when he married Irene Calvin, daughter of John R. Calvin, son of Philip Calvin, who was one of the five brothers to become pioneers of the Calvin family in Ohio. Her home was on a nearby farm, and at marriage Freeman W. and his wife took up residence on the farm upon which they have since lived, formerly that belonging to his uncle Luther, and the northern part of the original David Calvin homestead. Later Freeman's father, Philip, bought the property, and in course of time Freeman became the owner through his father. His farming and development of the land has been very creditable and, of course, profitable. He showed good enterprise in 19o1 and 1902 when he planted a large apple orchard; and now he has an apple orchard that yields him usually about two thousand bushels of fruit yearly. He has other fruits, but his main fruit crop is from his apple orchard, which includes many of the leading varieties: York Imperial, Jonathan, Stamen Winesap, Stark, Black Ben Davis, The Bentley Sweet, and The Gate; and Mr. Calvin is known generally to patronizers of the Fair for his success as an exhibitor of fruit, particularly apples. He also exhibits at the Apple Show at Youngstown. In almost all phases of agriculture he is actively interested and holds membership in the County and State Horticultural societies, in the Farm Bureau and in the local Grange. His farm. which is of forty-nine acres, brings him a very satisfactory return each year, and is now a well improved property. The dwelling and barn were built by his uncle Luther, who occupied the farm for eleven years, but both house and barn have since been enlarged. Mr. Freeman W. Calvin is a steady adherent to the republican party in local and national politics, but in the latter he is not active, although in local affairs he has taken close interest, but never to the extent of seeking or seeming to seek office. His time is, in general, sufficiently full with the affairs of his own farm. He and his wife, Irene Calvin, are the parents of three children : Oscar, who is connected with the Youngstown Rubber Works, and married Catherine Crumbacher ; Harry, who was a soldier in the United States Army during the World war, serving for ten months with a heavy artillery unit; and Nellie, Who is at home with her parents. JOHN R. CALVIN, who was born in Green Township, March 4, 1826, and died on July 1, 189o, was a son of Philip, one of the five brothers Calvin who came into Ohio in 1816. His uncle David, grandfather of Freeman W. Calvin, lived on an adjoining farm in Green Township to that upon which he was born and which was owned by his father, Philip. John R. Calvin married Lavinia, daughter of Henry Roller, who came from Pennsylvania and settled in Green Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, where he married Caroline McCarter, also a native of Pennsylvania. Lavinia was born December 13, 1829, and died May 13, 1905. Of the children of Henry Roller, Lavinia was the only one to remain in Green Township, all her brothers moving to other places. Her brother Benton, moved to Marion County, Iowa; James went to Allen County, Indiana ; and Jonas, to Cleveland. John R. Calvin's married life was spent on the farm, which, however, is not now in the family possession. He was a school teacher for several years, but always farmed more or less, although perhaps his main occupation may be said to have been lumber manufacturing, for he owned a saw mill and conducted it for many years. Fifteen children were born to John R. and Lavinia (Roller) Calvin, and thirteen reached manhood or womanhood and ten were living when the current data were compiled, in 1919. The fifteen children were : James, who for many years was well known in Mahoning County as a reliable physician, and died at the age of fifty-two years; Samantha, who married Martin Dressel, of Green Township; Emma, who married Noah Culp, of Green Township, and died at the age of twenty-eight years; Allen, who lives with his sister Irene, married Freeman W. Calvin, of Green Township; Laura, who died in infancy; Joseph, who also died in childhood; Harriet, who is unmarried, and who for more than twenty-five years has been a school teacher in 'Ma-honing County; Benton, a retired farmer now residing in Columbiana; Sarah, who had only been in the teaching profession for two years when death came to her at the age of twenty-one years ; Edward, who is a farmer in Green Township; Ella, who married Wallace, Wonsettler, of Youngstown ; John, who lives in Columbiana ; Mary, who married Fred Harmon, of Greenford; Irene, who is the wife of Freeman W. Calvin; and Ira, who is in the coal business in Greenford. ALBERT MATTHEW SWEENEY, electrical engineer and general manager of the Ohio Division, National Lamp Works, General Electric Company, Warren, Ohio, holds prominent place in the industrial affairs of the city. Mr. Sweeney was born at Cambridge, Massachusetts, on December II, 1887, son of Hugh H. and Margaret (Barry) Sweeney, the former a native of Nova Scotia and the latter of Connecticut. His paternal grandfather, John Sweeney, was born in Ireland, spent several years as a ship carpenter in Nova Scotia; and was a California forty-niner. On returning to "the States" he located at Cambridge, Massachusetts, and lived out his life there. Hugh H. Sweeney, who with his wife is still living at Cam- 784 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY bridge, has for a number of years been in business as a teaming contractor. Albert M. Sweeney attended the Cambridge graded schools and then became a student at Rindge Manual Training School of Cambridge. This was the pioneer technical manual training school in the country, and from it have been patterned all the technical high schools in America. His training there prepared him to enter the Lawrence Scientific School of Harvard Uniyersity, from which he graduated with the Bachelor of Science degree in 1910. All the decade since he left the university Mr. Sweeney has spent with concerns manufacturing electric incandescent lamps. He first went with the National Electric Lamp Association at Cleveland and in 1911 was transferred to the Cleveland laboratories of that concern. There he remained with increasing responsibilities until 1919, in which year he came to Warren as assistant to F. C. March, then general manager of the Ohio Division, National Lamp Works. He came here as the result of an arrangement looking to the retirement of Mr. March, whose resignation had been made to take effect January I, 1920, and when Mr. March retired Mr. Sweeney became his successor in the general management. Mr. Sweeney is a member of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the Illuminating Engineering Society of America, and is also a member of the Warren Board of Trade. He married Miss Irene Brothers, daughter of George and Eleanor (Bender) Brothers of Cleveland. Their twin sons, Richard A. and Robert G., were born December 8, 1916. THOMAS. C. WILLIAMS. A representative citizen in every sense of the word, Thomas C. Williams, of Niles, Ohio, is rendering a constructive service to his community, and is faking a prominent part in its industrial life as superintendent of the Empire Works of the Brier Hill Steel Company at Niles. He was born in Wales March 21, 1874, and when he was six years old he was brought to the United States by his parents, Rhys T. and Mary (James) Williams. Rhys T. Williams was a coal miner and 'worked for a time for the "Dreych," a Welsh newspaper, the only one in this country, published at Utica, New York. Following this he was engaged in the life insurance business in and about Wheeling, West Virginia, and Martin's Ferry, Ohio, the latter place being his home. Prior to this, however, he had been an official of coal mining concerns at Kingston, Pennsylvania, Jelico, Tennessee, and Lewiston, West Virginia, serving as superintendent at Kingston and Portsmouth. He was a great church worker, and almost wholly through his efforts the Congregational Church at Plymouth, Pennsylvania, was built. In Wales he was secretary of the Welsh singing festival of Wales, noted the world over. He died at Martin's Ferry, Ohio, August 19, 1915. Six children were born to him and his wife, five of whom are now living. Thomas C. Williams was the second child in order of birth. From the age of ten until he was fifteen years old he worked in the various offices of his father, beginning as a mail carrier for the works at Kingston. He became a student at the Wheeling Business College, and remained in that institution for a year, when he began working in the mills as a matcher, and rose up to roughing. Leaving the mills, he entered the shipping department, and eventually became chief shipper of the Aetna Standard Mills at Bridgeport, Ohio. For two years he was assistant superintendent of the plate and jobbing mills of the same works, and then, in October, 1910, came to Niles, Ohio, as assistant superintendent of the Empire Works of the Brier Hill Steel Company. This position he filled until March 15, 1920, at which time he became superintendent of the works. On December 27, 1910, Mr. Williams was married to Elizabeth Harris, a daughter of John Ruskin Harris of Bridgeport, Ohio. Mr. Williams is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics he is a republican. During the late war he was very active in promoting the various drives, and subscribed generously to all of them. He is a practical millman, and has risen to his present very responsible position through his own unaided efforts, and through merit and not on account of the exercise of any favoritism. While his business cares have been too many to permit of his entering politics, he has always taken an intelligent man's interest in civic affairs, and Niles has no better citizen than he. MARTIN FRANCIS FLYNN, county recorder of Mil honing County, is not only an efficient and popular official, but a man with an interesting history. Starting out in a mechanical trade, he was the victim of an accident which disabled him for further service. He lost little time in making his career over and fitting himself for new avenues of usefulness. For a number of years he was an expert stenographer, and was court reporter before he was elected to his present office. He was born at Youngstown November 21, 1887, son of Martin and Mary (Varley) Flynn. His parents were both natives of Ireland, were married in England and soon afterward came to the United States. The father, who died in 1912, at the age of fifty-four, was an iron and steel worker, and for many years connected with the Brown-Bonnell plant at Youngstown. The mother died in 1895, at the age of thirty-six. Both were active members of St. Columba's Catholic Church. In the family were six sons and two daughters, including: John, an engineer with the Pennsylvania Railway, living at Youngstown; Julia, wife of Stephen Higgins, of Youngstown; James F. was an employe of the Pennsylvania Railway and died at the age of thirty-four ; Martin Francis ; Edward, with the Goodyear Rubber Tire Company at Akron; Mary, wife of Fred Wilson, a machine shop foreman at Girard, Ohio; and William, connected with the Office Supply Company at the Home Savings and Loan Company Building. Martin F. Flynn acquired his early education in the excellent schools of St. Columba's parish. From school he entered the service of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company. He was serving an apprenticeship as pipe fitter when in an accident he lost a leg, while his companion working by his side was killed. This accident helped make history in YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 785 the Youngstown district, since it was the immediate cause for the installation of safety appliances in the entire plant of the Sheet and Tube works. Mr. Flynn then entered the Youngstown Business School, making a specialty of shorthand and typewriting. His first regular employment in his new profession was as clerk in Judge M. B. Welsh's Justice Court. Three years later he entered the law office, of Judge William S. Anderson & Son, and when Judge Anderson went on the Common Pleas bench Martin Flynn became his regular court stenographer. He filled that office four years, and in 1916 was elected county recorder. He is a republican in politics and a member of St. Patrick's Catholic Church. Mr. Flynn married Doris M. Brick in 1914. She is a daughter of T. J. Brick. WILLIAM HENRY BALDWIN was born in Youngstown, Ohio, July 16, 1851, the son of Timothy D. and Lucretia Kirtland (Manning) Baldwin. He was educated in the public schools and in the Rayen School of Youngstown, of which he was the first graduate, in 1867. He entered Western Reserve College, then at Hudson and now at Cleveland, Ohio, the same year, and graduated from it in 1871. After some months in the office of the general manager of the Philadelphia & Erie Railroad at Erie, Pennsylvania, he began the study of law, but because of family circumstances became temporarily bookkeeper in the First National Bank of Youngstown in June, 1872. Although he had continued his study in connection with this work, rapid advancement in the bank caused him to give up the law, and he was made cashier in January, 1877, when Mr. Robert McCurdy became president. Mr. Baldwin was cashier of this bank for ten years, when he resigned' to reorganize and manage the bolt factory established some years previously by Arms, Bell & Company. He was, a year later, elected vice president of the bank, and retained this connection with it until December, 1900, after his removal from Youngstown. After destruction by fire of the Arms, Bell & Company plant, April 1, 1889, Mr. Baldwin visited Europe, inspecting the important steel plants of England, France, Germany, Sweden and Austria, incidentally spending much time in travel and remaining abroad until the end of that year. On his return he assumed the management of the Youngstown Rolling Mill Company, which he continued until, on July 1, 1890, that company was consolidated with the Trumbull Iron Company to form the Youngstown Iron & Steel Company, with which he was connected for the next two years. When, on July 1, 1892, the Union Iron & Steel Company was formed by the consolidation of the Youngstown Iron & Steel Company and Cartwright, McCurdy & Company, Mr. Baldwin became secretary of the new company. Soon afterward the Ohio Steel Company was formed, and Mr. Baldwin became its secretary, continuing in the management in that capacity until the company was taken over by the National Steel Company, of which Mr. Baldwin was made secretary, in February, 1899. On the formation of the United States Steel Corporation, which absorbed the National Steel Company, he declined an important position with the new organization and spent a year in travel through the West and around the Mediterranean Sea. On his return he declined to engage in business and has since that time devoted his energies to matters relating to the public health and social welfare. He had much to do with the movement to erect a filtration plant in Youngstown, and has been actively connected with the general movement for the prevention and cure of tuberculosis. He has been a director and member of the executive committee of the National Tuberculosis Association for fourteen years, and was treasurer of that association for seven years. In this connection he has written many valuable papers and has been a delegate to many meetings at home and abroad, among the latter being the International Conference at Brussels in 1910 and the International Congress on Tuberculosis at Rome in 1912, where he was an official representative of the United States. He has also been a member of the advisory council of the Henry Phipps Institute since it became a part of the University of Pennsylvania in 1911. In addition to his other activities Mr. Baldwin has been, since he published a book relating thereto in 1904, an earnest student of and an authority on the problem of family desertion and non-support in this country. Through his writings and 'addresses, and as a member of the Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, he has had much to do with securing uniformity and efficiency in the laws of the different states upon this important subject. His invaluable work in this direction was suggested by questions that came before the Associated Charities of Washington, of which Mr. Baldwin has since that time been one of the board of managers. At the request of Mr. James R. Garfield, who was then commissioner of corporations, Mr. Baldwin in 1905 took charge of the investigation of the iron and steel industry of the country for the bureau, and spent several years in making a careful and accurate report of the costs, prices and profits over a period of five years for concerns representing three-quarters of the production of the country. Mr. Baldwin resigned, however, when delays in the completion and publication of the report made it apparent that the officials responsible were unwilling to make public the facts which had been developed in the investigation, and it was never printed. While engaged on this work in Washington Mr. Baldwin was, in 1907, appointed by President Roosevelt a member of the President's Homes Commission, to study social and living conditions in the District of Columbia, and as chairman of one of its three committees he wrote the report relating to alley houses and insanitary dwellings. He also served as one of a committee of five appointed in 1913 by Attorney General McReynolds to revise the laws of the District relating to children. In 1910 Mr. Baldwin was asked to take the chairmanship of a committee of twenty leading citizens of the District, of which the purpose was to do away with the evils due to the numerous loan sharks, with which the city had long been infested, by the passage of a law permitting small loans at reasonable rates. By severe and long continued efforts the citizens' committee obtained in 1913 a law prohibiting such 786 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY loans without a license under which, after much litigation, the loan sharks were driven out, and the payment to them by needy borrowers of the District of more than $500,000 illegal interest each year was stopped. Mr. Baldwin has always taken a great interest in educational matters, and has been a trustee of Adelbert College of Western Reserve University since 1888. He was also appointed a trustee of the Rayen School in 1897, and although later no longer a resident of the city he gave such constant and faithful attention to the school that he was repeatedly reappointed, and served for eighteen years, till 1915. He was president of the board of trustees for six years of this period, from 1904 to 191o, when he insisted on the acceptance of his resignation. During this time Mr. Baldwin worked very earnestly to defeat certain efforts which, owing to a misunderstanding of the legal possibilities, had been made to take the school out of the hands of the trustees. In 1903, in memory of Mr. Baldwin's mother, Mr. and Mrs. Baldwin gave to the Free Kindergarten and Day Nursery Association a substantial brick building on a lot at the corner of Champion and Front streets, believing that they could perpetuate her influence in no better way than in this work for children. For fifteen years this building served its purpose well, but at the end of that time the association found itself unable to continue the work because of changes in local conditions, and returned the property to those who gave it. After the war began Mr. Baldwin represented the District of Columbia at the National Defense Conference in May, 1917, and in June of that year was appointed by the District commissioners chairman of the District Council of Defense. This position, which he filled until the close of the war, involved much difficult work in connection with the pressure on housing conditions and other matters in the national capital during that important period. From 1866 to 1907 Mr. Baldwin was a member of the First Presbyterian Church of Youngstown, in which he was elected an elder in 1894. Since then he has been a member of the Church of the Covenant in Washington, District of Columbia, in which he is also an elder and active in church work. He is president of the Phi Beta Kappa Association of the District, and a member of the Cosmos, University and Chevy-Chase clubs there, of the University Club of New York and of the Youngstown Club. Mr. Baldwin has always been a republican, but not a partisan, and has never sought nor held any public office. He married on April 26, 1893, Miss Isabel Cort, of New York City. Their home is at the Hotel Gotham there, but much of their time is spent in their house in Washington during the winter and at Sugar Hill in the White Mountains in the summer. ASA GILES JUDD, LL. B., who for more than twenty years has been a prominent resident in Warren, is a man of superior intellect and marked versatility. He studied at the Universities of Wisconsin and Michigan ; graduated at the latter with the class of 1886, as Bachelor of Law; was admitted to the bar of Michigan and subsequently to that of Illinois; was for a while associate in law practice with Judge Crabtree, a noted jurist of that period; became a successful farmer when sickness forbade him continuing to practice his profession; became a factor of consequence among scientific and progressive agriculturists of the State of Illinois, and initiated many movements of importance to that class ; and generally showed that a man of ability in one sphere of activity can accomplish results just as successfully in another after having applied himself to the study of the necessary fundamentals. Since coming to Warren in 1898 Mr. Judd has been identified with the interests of the Griswold estate, of which he is managing trustee. Also he has come somewhat prominently to the fore as a real estate operator, owning Warren and Cleveland real estate. And his ability in public affairs and his marked interest have made him a valued resident. He has been a councilman, and has interested himself actively in the endeavors of the Warren Board of Trade. And he has also given unstintedly of his time to church organization work in connection with the First Baptist Church, of which he is a deacon and clerk. He was instrumental in the founding of the Men's Club of that organization, which club has been the means of establishing a Roumanian Mission Church on North Park Avenue, and the church after four years has sent sixteen of its members back to Roumania as missionaries. Asa Giles Judd was born in Dixon, Illinois, the son of Wallace A. and Jerusha (Merriman) Judd, and is in direct descent from two of the oldest colonial New England families. The progenitor of the American branch of the Judd family was Deacon Thomas Judd, who came from England to America in 1633. The family was of good station in England, one of the direct ancestors of Deacon Thomas Judd having been at one time Lord Mayor of the City of London. Deacon Thomas Judd went from the Massachusetts colony with one of the expeditions into Connecticut in 1636, and was one of the original proprietors and settlers of Farmington, Connecticut, where he settled in about the year 1644. The descendants of Deacon Thomas Judd are numerously spread throughout the New England States, and the family during its many generations has given to the nation many distinguished men. The great-greatgrandfather of Asa Giles was Oliver I, who was in direct line from Deacon Thomas. Oliver II was born in Massachusetts, and the family appears to have lived in Massachusetts for many generations thereafter. Wallace Arden Judd, father of Asa G., was born at West Otis, Massachusetts, September 3o, 1821, and on October II, 1847, married Jerusha Merriman, who was born at Southington, Connecticut, on January 9, 182o, and was a sister to the late Mrs. Giles 0. Griswold, of Warren. Nathaniel Merriman was born about February 13, 1613, in London, England. He came to America in 1632, at the age of nineteen years, and was one of the early settlers of New Haven, Connecticut, 1639. His was the fourth on list of thirty-eight names signing an agreement to found the Town of Wallingford in 1670. John M., his son, was born in February, 1659, at New Haven, Connecticut. Rev. John M., a Baptist minister, was born October 16, 1691, and at YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 787 the age of sixty moved to Southington, Connecticut, to live. He was among the first to join the Baptist denomination in Wallingford. John, son of Rev. John, was born at Wallingford, Connecticut, September 12, 1728, and died in Southington, April 12, 1801. Chauncey, son of John, was born April 24, 1752, in Southington. Anson Merriman, son of Chauncey, was born October 21, 1786. He married Jerusha Bacon and lived at Southington, Connecticut. He was a manufacturer of brass combs, buttons covered with silk, harnesses, brooms, etc., and was the first in New England, if not in the United States, to manufacture cement. The children of Anson Merriman were Joel B., Lydia, Lucetta, Maria and Jerusha. Maria married Giles 0. Griswold of Warren, Ohio. Jerusha married Wallace A. Judd, of Otis, Massachusetts, and their children were Ella L., Frank W., Asa Giles and Homer A. In 1851 Wallace A. Judd and wife went West and settled on a farm at Franklin Grove, Lee County, Illinois. A year later they removed to Dixon, the county seat of Lee County, where for many years Mr. Judd was engaged in the lumber and coal business, and in which city he died on January 16, 1910, aged eighty-nine years. Mrs. Judd died at Dixon on May 20, 1903, aged eighty-three years. After a journey to the West and on the advice of his physician, Asa G. Judd gave up his professional work and sought out-door occupations. Deciding that agriculture offered him opportunity to both make a living and build up his health, he purchased a farm of 265 acres near Dixon and took up farming, although he never did a day's work on a farm until after he moved to his own farm. Soon he became convinced that to succeed in agriculture required the use of one's brains, so he studied the question as he would a law case. Being by nature observant and apt at learning, he made progress from almost the beginning, and in a few years he developed into a scientific farmer. His college training made it easier for him to grasp and master the science of the problems which confronted him on the farm, while his inclination made him an eager student, and before lie had given up farming he had introduced into his own operations methods of farming which later became very general in that section. M the beginning be consulted his neighbors, took their' advice and followed it, but improved on the advice—if they advised three pecks of seed to an acre he sowed four pecks; if they advised three kernels of corn to a hill he planted four. And soon his good neighbors and advisers began to observe and realize that the "kid-gloved farmer," as they good-naturedly designated Mr. Judd, had become a champion producer and was taking the prizes for largest and best production, and soon they were' coming to him for advice on modern methods. After having been on the farm for a few years Mr. Judd leased from his father the adjoining farm of 15o acres which gave greater facilities. He also operated a dairy of t00 head of high-grade milch cows, and was the first dairyman in that section to introduce what is known as the "balanced ration" by the whole-grain method, by which method no part of the feed is ground. While on the farm Mr. Judd interested himself in all movements having to do with agriculture, and was intensly interested in all advanced methods conducive to the welfare of the farm and farmers. He built the first mile of hard road in Lee County; he was made president of the defunct Farmers' Club, and under his guidance the membership of twelve retired farmers, when the club was reorganized, grew until the enrollment of active members was increased to 250; monthly meetings were inaugurated and club rooms established at Dixon. The club rooms were located on the ground floor of a business block in the center of the city, with all modern conveniences of a city club, including reading tables provided with current farmers' literature, writing stationery, blackboard daily market quotations, rest-room for the ladies and children, dining r00m, and windows for display advertising, all of which features were installed and developed by Mr. Judd. This club, known as the "Rock River Farmers' Club," was the first of its kind organized in the entire country. Mr. Judd delivered lectures on agricultural topics in every county in Illinois, and it was in a very large degree due to his efforts that the agricultural department of the University of Illinois was reorganized and the standard of instruction thereat considerably raised. In 1898 Mr. Judd leased his farm and gave up farming in order that he might be free to give his time to the financial management of the interests of his uncle, the late Giles 0. Griswold of Warren, who was at that time probably the largest independent manufacturer of linseed oil in the United States. When he left Dixon in that year for Warren; Mr. Judd was tendered a farewell banquet by the Rock River Farmers Club, at which one of the speakers, himself a large dairyman and farm owner, said : "Mr. Judd has done more in his fifteen years on the farm to advance improved farm methods than any other man or influence have done in the last fifty years." Mr. Judd has been a citizen of Warren since 1898, but still owns his large farm near Dixon, which is operated by a tenant. The death of his uncle, Mr. Griswold, occurred in 1902, and by the provisions of his will Mr. Judd became one of three executors and trustees of the estate, and so continues. Mr. Judd married Carrie Fuller, of Ottawa, LaSalle County, Illinois, the .daughter of Ashbel and Almira (Harding) Fuller. Mr. Fuller was a native of Vermont and was an early settler of Illinois. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Judd: Wallace Fuller and Eleanor A. Wallace Fuller Judd was prepared for college at Wyoming (Pennsylvania) College, and was graduated from Princeton University with the degree of B. A., class of '12; was graduated in law from the University of Michigan, degree of LL. B., class of '15. He was for a time in the Chicago offices of the Fidelity and Casualty Company of New York City, and later was manager of that company's Kansas City offices. An opportunity was extended to him to enter the employ of the law firm of Harrington, DeFord, Heim and Osborn, of Youngstown, which position he accepted. On October 1, 1917, he married Margaret Wylie, of Scranton, Pennsylvania, and they have one son, Wallace Wylie. Eleanor A. Judd died at the age of two years and eight months. 788 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY JAMES W. HOLLOWAY, one of the well known and popular citizens of Warren, was an old-time telegrapher, rose to official responsibilities in railroading, but for many years past has been identified with electrical manufacturing at Warren. Through his mother he is connected with one of the oldest Trumbull County families. Mr. Holloway was born in Morristown, New Jersey, June 28, 1845. His father, Hugh W. Holloway, was born in the same state in 1817. The father of Hugh married the widow of Colonel Apthorp, an officer of the British army, son of Lord and Lady Apthorp of England. Hugh W. Holloway came to Trumbull County in 1838, was married, and later returned to Morristown, New Jersey, where he learned the making of daguerreotypes and also acquired all the knowledge and experience then regarded as essential to the practice of dentistry. In 1847, on returning to Ohio,.he located at Warren, and was one of the pioneer daguerreotype artists of Trumbull County. His studio was on the southwest corner of Market Street and Park Avenue. Doubtless some of the early families of Trumbull County carefully cherished daguerreotypes made by this old artist. Subsequently he practiced dentistry, and died at Warren in 1861. His wife was Jane E. Headley, who was born in Mecca Township in Trumbull County in 1824 and died at Warren in 1906. James W. Holloway was two years old when brought to Warren, was reared in and attended the common schools of the city, and his first regular employment was as a farm hand in Trumbull County. He began to learn telegraphy in 1865, and for nearly forty years was a telegrapher and railroad man. For many years he was connected with the 'New York Central Railway in New York State, and in 1900 resigned the responsibilities of superintendent of the River Division of that road. Then returning to Warren, Mr. Holloway turned his capital and enterprise to use in connection with the Warren Electrical Specialty Company, manufacturers of carbon electric lamps. Still later he became interested in the Peerless Electric Company of Warren, manufacturers of motors and fans, and he is still a director of that corporation. While not a politician, Mr. Holloway has been deeply interested in the civic affairs of Warren. He served as president of the Warren City Council and vice mayor of the city for four years, and in the 1920 primaries was nominated on the republican ticket as candidate for state representative, the nomination being equivalent to election. Fraternally he is affiliated with Woodward Lodge No. 508, Free and Accepted Masons at Cleveland, Warren Council No. 58, Royal and Select Masters, Mahoning Chapter No. 66, Royal Arch Masons, and Warren Commandery No. 39, Knights Templar. He is a member of the Masonic Club and the Warren Lodge of Elks. His father assisted in reviving Old Erie Lodge No. 3 of Masons at Warren. Mr. Holloway married Miss Cora A. Bennett, of Cleveland, daughter of J. D. Bennett of that city. She died in 1906, leaving two daughters : Mabel, wife of Fred L. Geiger, of Warren; and Catherine, wife of Charles Hoffman, of Warren. In 1910 Mr. Holloway married Angy D. Beery, daughter of Simon and Melvina Beery, of Urbana, Champaign County, Ohio. BENJAMIN F. LANE. The home of Benjamin F. Lane at Warren on South Main Street is historic ground, being part of the original Lane homestead, much of which has been absorbed by the rapid growth of the city for industrial and residence purr poses, though some is, still in use producing fresh vegetables and other crops. The Lane family has lived on this land since the very beginning of civilization at Warren It was in 1800, in the spring, that Henry Lane, Sr., headed a party that came to Trumbull County from Washington County, Pennsylvania. History states that it was the second party to locate at Warren. Of Henry Lane, Sr., Mrs. Upton, the historian of Trumbull County, says : "He was a remarkable man for his time; he had the respect of his associates, was elected to the Legislature (serving in 1816, 1818, 1819 and 1826) and materially aided in the development of Warren. His son Henry, set aside some land in 1800 for cemetery purposes. The first mill in Warren was built by Henry Lane and Charles Dally. In June, 1800, they began the construction of a dam across the Mahoning River, not finished and in use until 1802. He was a man of remarkable physical strength. It was said he could whip any man in the county, and that whenever anybody got a little too full of whiskey and offered to 'clean out' the crowd he always excluded Henry Lane." The children who came with him to Warren were Henry, Jr., Benjamin Asa, Catherine and Annie. His son Benjamin married, in 1841, Hannah Cook, an Englishwoman. They were the parents .of three children. Henry J., who for many years lived on the old homestead near Warren, but is now a resident of Kansas; Benjamin F. and Mary Salina, better known as Lina, who became the wife of Samuel Greiner, lumber dealer, and now lives in Youngstown. Benjamin F. Lane has spent all of his life except eleven years in Lordstown on the old farm. He secured the south half of the homestead, comprising about eighty-seven acres. A portion of this is now owned by the Trumbull Steel Company, and some has been allotted and sold for residences. He still owns about half of the original tract. All of that part formerly owned by Henry J. Lane is incorporated in the city. For twenty years Mr. Lane has operated a market garden. He also owns about 320 acres in Lordstown about 2 1/2 miles from Warren, and still gives his personal supervision to this property. Mr. Lane for many years dealt in livestock and supplied many of the local butchers with meat. He also did some real, estate development, building a number of houses on his own property. October 3, 1878, Mr. Lane married. Mary Ackley, who was born in North Bloomfield Township September 29, 1853, a daughter of J. W. and Malinda (Russell) Ackley. She and a brother were the eleventh and twelfth of her parents' children, ten reaching mature age. J. W. Ackley was a son of Champion Ackley, said to have been a Revolutionary soldier and one of the first four men over the walls at the storming of Stony Point. This Revolutionary soldier died in New York and J. W. Ackley, YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 789 who was born May 30, 1808, at Avon, in Ontario County, that state, came to Bristol Township in Trumbull County about 1835. He died at Geneva, Ohio, June 19, 1902. October 6, 1828, he married Malinda Russell, who was born September 3o, 1812, at Bear Lake in Chautauqua County, New York, and died April 3, 1897, at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Lane, where she had lived for two years. J. W. Ackley was a shoemaker by trade and later a jeweler. The ten Ackley children to reach mature years were : DeWitt Clinton, a blacksmith who died in New Jersey; Walter Scott, a carpenter who died at Eustis, Florida; Harriet Hulda, whose first husband was W. T. Smith, and her second marriage with Edward Brakeman, is now a widow living at Naugatuck, Connecticut; Harrison Risley, a blacksmith who died at Harpersfield, Ohio, in 1901; Thaddeus, a jeweler at Warren; Delia Melissa, widow of John A. Mott, living at Geneva; Clara Angeline, wife of J. E. Crandall, a dentist at Geneva; Newton Joel, a jeweler at Los Angeles, California; Charles, a jeweler in Kentucky; and Mrs. Mary Lane, who for several years before her marriage was a teacher in Trumbull County. Mr. and Mrs. Lane are the parents of four children. Lina M. is an artist living at Cleveland; Alice is employed in the office of a coal company at Cleveland; Mary is the wife of Walter Brown, a director in the Griswold Company at Warren; and Benjamin F. is a commercial salesman living at Warren. Benjamin F. Lane, Sr., is a member of the Masonic order, and Mrs. Lane in past years was active in the Eastern Star, the Woman's Relief Corps and the Central Christian Church. G. HERBERT PRIER. The remarkable growth of Warren during the last decade both as an industrial and business center and as a city of homes is attributable to a number of reasons, two of which are its natural advantages as an industrial site and to a coterie of her progressive citizens who have labored in season and out of season to bring about the present condition—a condition which makes of Warren one of the most progressive of the smaller cities of the country. Among this coterie of citizens is found G. Herbert Prier, who has been an important factor in the development of Warren from a city of 10,000 people in 1910 into a prosperous and growing community of 30,000 people in 1920. Mr. Prier is not a native of the Buckeye State. However, he is descended from two old Ohio families, his grandparents have been early settlers of Summit County, while his parents, Hiram and Amanda (Boyer) Prier, were born in the City of Akron. Hiram Prier removed with his family to Missouri, and for twenty years was extensively engaged in farming in that state, with his residence at Clinton. Later in life he returned to Akron and died in that city in 1911. His widow and daughter now reside at Denver, Colorado. G. Herbert Prier was born at Clinton, Missouri, April 26, 1877. He attended public schools in Missouri, took a course in an Akron business college, was graduated in 1913 from Sheldon's Business College in Chicago, and is still a student of big business. Mr. Prier's first business venture came when he was in his twenty-first year, when in 1898 he established the Summit Academy at Akron, which was a high class terpsichorean school, which he developed into a popular feature of that city's best social life. His success in Akron resulted in his establishing similar academies both at Warren and Youngstown, which he simultaneously conducted with success during the period between 1903 and 1912. Successful as he was in the above ventures, it was not until he had entered the field of real estate operations in Warren in 1912 that Mr. Prier found the business to which he is peculiarly adapted and in which he has had so remarkable a success and has been of so great a value to the City. of Warren. In the above year he began his operations in real estate by holding a "Producers' Show," at which were exhibited, by the growers thereof, all kinds of garden and farm products, for which exhibition cash prizes were offered and given as premiums. This show gave Mr. Prier a wide acquaintance among the people of the community, who came to know him personally. So his real estate business, while at the beginning a very modest one, has grown with the passing years in variation and volume until Mr. Prier is at the head and the guiding genius of one of the largest organizations in its line in Warren, doing a general real estate, insurance, brokerage, investment and building and financing building propositions. Mr. Prier has developed and placed on the market a number of very successful residential allotments of Warren, the more important ones being those of Bellevue, Belvedere, Grand View, Woodlawn, Summit Park, Mahoning Farms and Brookside Park, he being the sole owner of the last named property. The development of these allotments has greatly assisted in solving the housing problem which has confronted the City of Warren during its rapid expansion, he having himself built over 100 houses. Mr. Prier has other important interests aside from real estate and building. He is a director of the Warren Guaranteed Mortgage Company, a director in the William Coale Development Company, and a director and member of the building committee of the Jonathan Warner Hotel Company, which company is erecting Warren's new and handsome hotel building on High Street. He is an ex-president of the Warren Real Estate Board, a member of the Warren Board of Trade and is identified with the City Planning Commission. He is an elder of First Presbyterian Church and is a member of the Warren Rotary Club and of the Country Club. On September 3, 1901, Mr. Prier was united in marriage with Beatrice G., daughter of Walter B. and Malinda B. (Bildig) Sterling, of Akron, Ohio, and to them was born, on June I, 1903, a daughter, Adelaide Lucile, who is a student at Casa De Rosa Girls' Collegiate School at Los Angeles, California. ISAIAH A. ROSENTHAL. As vice president of the Oster Brothers Furniture Company, which has headquarters in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and branches in different cities, Isaiah A. Rosenthal is officially connected with a live, wide-awake firm, and is doing his share in advancing its interests and assuring its present and future growth and prosperity. A native of 790 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY New York City, he was born May 25, 1874, a son of Abraham and Clara (Rindskopf) Rosenthal. His father, a retired cigar manufacturer, still lives in New York City, but his mother died in 1911. Completing his early education in the upper grades of the schools of his native city, Isaiah A. Rosenthal began work in his father's cigar manufactory. Other lines of manufacturing appealing more to his tastes, he became identified with the woolen industry, acting first as treasurer for Holihan, Rephan & Company, in which he secured partnership in 1897. When that business was relinquished, Mr. Rosenthal returned to the cigar manufacturing, and continued in that industry until 19o3, when he became associated with Oster Brothers, a well-known Chicago firm, which had established branches in various places. The company was subsequently incorporated, Lawrence Oster being made president; Mr. Rosenthal vice president; and Harry Oster secretary and treasurer. Due to the personal investigation of the president of the firm, a branch of the business was established at Nos. 216-18 East Federal Street, Youngstown, in September, 1916, a venture that has proven successful in every respect. The rapid development of East Youngstown has been largely due to the far-sightedness of the officers of this enterprising concern in providing furniture on easy terms to the new-comers of that district. Each branch of the company is a close corporation, acting independently, and invariably meeting with success. Mr. Rosenthal married, November 2, 1898, Miss Agnes Frank, of New York City, and their only child, Frank, born April 15, 1901, is with the Brand & Oppenheim Company, cotton converters of New York. Fraternally Mr. Rosenthal is a Master Mason, belonging to Mount Nebo Lodge No. 257, Ancient Free and Accepted Order of Masons ; and to New York Lodge No. t, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. JOSEPH LEWIS WHEELER, head of the Youngstown Public Library System, was born at Dorchester, Massachusetts, March 16, 1884, a son of George Stevens Wheeler and Mary Jane (Druffin) Wheeler. Finishing grade school work he attended the Bridgewater, Massachusetts, and Providence, Rhode Island, Technical High Sch00ls and entered Brown University, from which he was graduated in 1906 with the degree of Ph. B., winning the class of 1873 medal. In 1907 he received the M. A. degree at Brown University and, having decided to take up library work, completed a course at the New York State Library School in 1909. Mr. Wheeler's enthusiasm for his chosen calling has never dimmed. He has been identified with the American Library Association since woo, chairman of the bookbinding committee and 'member of the publicity committee of that organization since 1916, member of the council of the association for the term 1918-23, vice president of the Ohio Library Association in 1918, and president in 1919-2o. In allied activities he is a member of the advisory committee of the Public Affairs Information Service, of the American Sociological Society and of the National Educational Association. Mr. Wheeler began his library work as assistant in the Providence (Rhode Island) Public Library and the Brown University Library from 1902 to 1907. He was later assistant in the Washington (District of Columbia) Public Library from 1909 to 1911, librarian at Jacksonville, Florida, 1911-12, assistant librarian at Los Angeles, 1912-15, and director of the American Library Association exhibit at the Panama-Pacific Exposition at San Francisco in 1915. Since 1915 he has been in charge of the Youngstown Public Library System. Mr. Wheeler played an important part in the war service as assistant to the director of the American Library Association in charge of the large camp libraries and book selection from November, 1917, to June, 1918. He is the editor o a series of afterward reading courses published jointly by the United States Bureau of Education and the American Library Association, is a contributor to library magazines and compiler of numerous booklets. As chairman of the technical committee of the Special Libraries Association, 1919-21, he brought about the establishment of the industrial arts index. In his five years' incumbency in Youngstown Mr. Wheeler has brought the Youngstown library system up to first rank. By the adoption of good publicity methods he has brought home to the people the value of their library and has earned for it support and approval never acknowledged before. Special attention has been given to extension of the book service and to the spread of technical knowledge through the use of library volumes, until book circulation in Youngstown has increased many-fold. Fraternally Mr. Wheeler is a Rotarian, a Mason, member of the Phi Kappa Psi, Social Workers' Club and the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce. He was chairman of the Americanization Committee of the last named body in 1916-17. Mr: Wheeler was married on October 20, 1910, to Miss Mabel Archibald of Washington, District of Columbia, and they are the parents of four interesting children. The Wheeler home is at 85 Bissell Avenue. MICHAEL WILLO. In the cosmopolitan citizenship of Youngstown the people of Hungarian birth or descent have long played a prominent part. One of the early citizens of that nationality is Michael Willo, who came to Youngstown more than thirty years ago. Mr. Willo has long been prominent among the Hungarian population and he is also widely known as a business man and citizen among all classes of people. He was born in Hungary, June 18, 1863, a son of Michael and Katharine Willo. These good people had four sons and two daughters who came to the United States. Michael was the first to seek his fortune in the New World. Largely through his influence and the means which he sent back home the others came over. His brothers John and Jacob afterwards returned to Europe. His sister Susan became the wife of Andrew Vozdok and at her death left seven children, in whose upbringing and education Michael Willo thereafter took an important part. His sister Anna is the wife of Joseph Reichichar of New Salem, Pennsylvania. His brother Paul YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 791 was an employe of the Republic Iron and Steel Company and accidentally lost his life in 1916. Michael Willo received his education in the land of his birth. He landed in New York March 18, 1885. In search of work he first visited Passaic, New Jersey, then South Bethlehem and Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania, and on the 18th of July arrived in Youngstown. He did not know a soul in the town so far as he was aware. From the depot he walked to the Diamond Square and on the way observed a woman dressed in the garb of his people. He followed her to Kurz Alley with the hope of meeting some of his own countrymen. The first person he met in Kurz Alley was his own uncle, Michael Ondrysko. This uncle had left Hungary after Michael Willo started for America, and had come direct to Youngstown, thereby anticipating the arrival of his nephew, who was, of course, unaware of his uncle's presence. For several years Michael Willo worked at the furnaces in the Andrews mill, and for four years was a pipe setter. He was rapidly familiarizing himself with American customs and institutions, was making himself useful to newcomers among his own people, and on October II, 1889, he engaged in business for himself at 329 East Boardman and later at 355 East Boardman. The latter number has been the headquarters of his business for the past twenty-three years. In 1911, associated with John Beil, he opened a Foreign Exchange Bank and Steamship Agency on East Federal Street. Mr. Willo bought his partner's interest in the bank in 1914, though the steamship agency is still continued in their partnership. Mr. Willo also is president of the Slovak Building & Loan Association. He has been interested in many financial undertakings, among them the platting of 200 acres for homes at Milton Dam as a member of the Federal Realty Company. He was the organizer of the Slovak Independent Political Club. He bought 'the ground for Sts. Cyril and Methodius Church, one of the very strong Catholic congregations of Youngstown. In public affairs, Mr. Willo is perhaps best known on account of his long service •as court interpreter. He held that position for a number of years and made himself a favorite of all the officials of the court from judge down to bailiff. February 8, 1889, Mr. Willo married Elizabeth Roth. The ceremony was performed' in Cleveland by Father Stephen Furdek. Mrs. Willo is a daughter of Michael and Elizabeth Roth, is a native of Hungary and her father was a blacksmith. Mr. and Mrs. Willo have two living children : John A., a successful Youngstown attorney; and Mary, wife of Steve Slifka. JOHN L. ABBOTT. Of the follower of any of the important trades no better recommendation is required than the credit of long employment under a reliable management. For eleven years John L. Abbott has been identified with the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, and is regarded as having as practical a knowledge of the details of his business as any of the employes of the plant, where he occupies the position of general boiler foreman. Mr. Abbott was born at Millerstown, Champaign County, Ohio, 'August 14, 1876, and is a son of David H. and Jennie (Jenkins) Abbott, both of whom were Ohioans by nativity, and a grandson of James Abbott, a farmer, who came to the Buckeye State at an early period in the history of the commonwealth and here passed the remainder of his life in agricultural operations. David H. Abbott was also a farmer and was a man of industry, practical ideas and intelligence, who would have probably made a success in life had not his career been cut short by death in 1881, when he was but thirty-one years of age. John L. Abbott is one of two children. His father having died when he was less than six years old, he 'was reared by a merchant at Millerstown, John Loudenback, who had also reared his mother, who had been an orphan. His education was secured in the public schools of that place and in youth he assisted Mr. Loudenback in the conduct of the store. At the age of nineteen years, October 2, 1895, Mr. Abbott married Miss Amanda A. Brunner, a daughter of Daniel Brunner, a farmer of near Eris, Champaign County, Ohio. For a year following his marriage, Mr. Abbott operated an engine at Millerstown and for a time thereafter devoted himself to agricultural pursuits, but eventually went to Columbus, this' state, and was employed at South Columbus by the old Columbus Carriage and Harness Company as tire setter. His next employment was by the Columbus Iron and Steel Company as oiler and pump tender for some years, and in September, 1909, he came to Youngstown, Ohio, as repair man on hydraulics and pumps, under J. M. Faris, who was then general master mechanic of the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company. He has ever since continued under Mr. Faris. His next step was operating stationary engines, and he then became assistant general boiler foreman. This position he held until August, 1919, when he was promoted to general boiler foreman, a capacity in which he has continued to act to the present time. Mr. Abbott has a likeable personality that has drawn to him and held numerous friends, and his management of his department is not only made efficient through his skill and executive capacity, tut through a spirit of good will and fidelity which has grown about him. Mr. Abbott is a thirty-second degree Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite and Knight Templar York Rite Mason, and a member of the Mystic Shrine. He and his wife are consistent members of Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church. To their marriage the following children have been born : Harold 0.; Phyllis M., the wife of John Waddington; Glendon C., Leota P., John B., Catherine C., Margaret M., Eugene and Daniel D. A. O. DETCHON. The Worthington-Detchon Company is a Pittsburgh organization actively engaged in subdividing and developing for residential and business purposes Mahoning Valley land owned by the Cyrus Detchon estate. The Detchon family was first represented in Northern Ohio by Oswald and Ann (Carr) Detchon, who in 1800, soon after their marriage, came from Eng- 792 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY land to Ohio, settling in Mahoning County in pioneer' days. Purchasing a half section of land in Boardman Township, between Cook's Corners and the center of the township, they labored with true pioneer grit and industry to clear and improve the homestead on which they reared their large family of seven sons and five daughters, all of whom married and settled in Mahoning or adjoining counties. Solomon Detchon, the eighth son of Oswald and Ann Detchon, spent his entire life on the farm originally belonging to his parents. He married and reared three sons and three daughters, Cyrus Detchon being his eldest son. Cyrus Detchon grew to manhood on the parental homestead, and chose farming for his life work. When ready to begin life for himself he looked about for a favorable location, and in 1864 bought from Chauncey Andrews 104 acres of land situated on the Youngstown and Poland Road, a quarter of a mile south of the Youngstown line, giving $6,000 for the tract. Youngstown was then in its infancy, its entire population not exceeding 3,000 souls. He improved a highly productive farm, on which he resided until his death in 1911. In 1917 his sons, Alfred 0., Charles H. and Cyrus F., divided the parental estate into allotments, giving 706 lots, all of which, practically, have passed into other hands, the selling price having been $340,000, an immense sum compared with the original cost of the property. It may be of interest to know that the Detchon family, one of the most numerous and well known of the pioneer families in Mahoning County at this time, originated in Brittany. After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 the Detchon of whom the oldest record exists, being a Huguenot, fled from Brittany and settled in Northumberland County, England, where the family remained until 1800. Ili that year Oswald Detchon leased the family estate and removed to America with his wife, Ann (Carr) Detchon. Purchasing a quarter section lying between Cook's Corners and Boardman, here they built a cabin and began life in the new world. Oswald Detchon was a man of remarkable physical size, being six feet six inches tall and weighing 280 pounds. He was also a man of force and character and became a leader in the community. He died in 1836, aged seventy-five years, and his wife survived him three years. They reared eight children and lived to see many of their grandchildren. The lineal descendants of these two pioneers now number more than 350 and are scattered all over the United States, being prominent in Ohio and Indiana. Eight grandchildren of Oswald Detchon survive, these being Mrs. Eliza Baldwin, of Youngstown, aged eighty-eight; Elmira Detchon, of Poland, aged eighty-four ; Mrs. Joseph Williamson, of Youngstown, aged eighty-five; Mrs. Martha Whaley, of Cincinnati, aged eighty-three; Mrs. Elizabeth Boohecker, of Alliance, aged eighty-four ; Justice Detchon; of Youngstown, aged sixty-nine; Alfred Detchon, of Milton Township, Mahoning County, aged eighty-three; Dr. Samuel E. Detchon, of East Liverpool, aged seventy-two. Of these Alfred Detchon is head of the family, with fifty-three living direct descendants. The family has been among the most progressive of the Mahoning County, residents and its members are found prominent in all lines of activity. The military record it has established is without blemish and includes participation in every war since and including that of 1812, when Oswald Detchon enlisted as a soldier against his native land and made an honorable record. Thirteen of its members served abroad ,during the war with Germany, and of these two gaves their lives in the service. Reference has been made elsewhere in this work to the fact that the Quakers are on record as the first group of people in this country to formally protest against human slavery. To Quakers also belongs the honor of conducting the first if not the only station on. the celebrated "Underground Railway," by which route many slaves fleeing from bondage were assisted to reach Canada and freedom. These two Quakers were William and Mary Henry, and they lived during the '60s in an humble home on the south side of the Boardman Road, about 1,500 feet west of Cook's Corners. Here they had arranged an inside room with the door concealed from observation, and in this room they kept such slaves as made their way past the place northward until they could be assisted to the next "station" on the "Underground Railway." For many years after these gentle but courageous people passed away their little house was unoccupied, and gradually there grew up a belief that it was haunted. This belief arose from stories told by neighbors of seeing spectral groups of colored people and hearing the sound of banjos. Doubtless the stories were imaginary enlargements of occasional glimpses the unsuspecting neighbors had of runaway slaves during the period when its occupants were lending their aid to the cause of freedom in spite of the fact that to do so they had to violate the written law. But whatever suspicion may attach to the ghost stories, there is no doubt as to the runaway slaves who found refuge with this quiet Quaker couple until they could be transported under cover of darkness to the next point of safety, which was fifteen miles away in Trumbull County. GEORGE COLLINS. The Collins family is one of. the old and honored ones of the Mahoning Valley and one of its distinguishing features is the close ties which bind its members together. At present four brothers, sons of the late George Collins, own and operate the family homestead in Coitsville Township, they never caring to divide their interests. George Collins, now deceased, who for many years was one of the successful agriculturists of the county, was born near Ratho, Scotland, on March 24, 1824, and died on April Jo, 1905. In June, 1866, he came to the United States, bringing with him his wife, Mary (Watson) Collins, to whom he had been married on June 29, 1860. She was born at Carhike, Scotland, on October 13, 1839, and died on the farm in Coitsville Township on August 19, 1919. Mr. and Mrs. Collins upon their arrival in this country joined Mr. and Mrs. Watson, who had come to Youngstown, Ohio, in 1859, from Canada, where William Watson spent several years. Mr. Collins and his father-in-law went into the business of manufacturing bricks at Brier Hill, and at one time had as YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 793 an associate in it the man who, as Governor Tod, later presided over the destinies of the state. Personal attachments were formed which were never broken, although at one time the friendship was badly bent on account of some trifling disagreement. However, time remedied this, and when Governor Tod passed away, George Collins mourned his death as a personal loss. This brick business was continued until the fall of 1864 when Mr. Watson moved to the McCurdy farm, on which large concrete works are now located, and here he was engaged in farming for the McCurdy family, and he retained the friendship of members of it until his death, as well as that of the McGuffeys, James Kay and the Murray family. After leaving the McCurdys, William Watson established the first dairy to furnish milk to the people of Youngstown. Still later he bought a farm on the Hubbard-Youngstown Road in Trumbull County, which was his permanent home, and here his wife died, and he returned to Canada and died in 1896, aged eighty years, leaving six children, namely : Mary Vallance, who became Mrs. George Collins ; Robert Watson, who lives at Girard, Ohio; Janet, who is Mrs. John Davidson of Coitsville; William, who lived on the old farm in Trumbull County, was a dairyman, but died in 1916, and his son James now owns this farm, although he lives at Youngstown ; Lydia, who died in 1909 at the age of fifty-four years at Youngstown, had been for years a trained nurse at Brooklyn, New York ; and Mina, who is Mrs. Edward Haviland of Brooklyn, New York, was a teacher in the Youngstown graded and the Rayen High School. The parents of these children were Presbyterians. During the time he was engaged in farming, Mr. Watson was an exhibitor of sheep, hogs and shorthorn cattle. George Collins rented a farm for a time in Ma-honing County and then in 1882 bought the farm now conducted by his sons, adding to his original purchase until he owned 275 acres, which he devoted principally to dairying, delivering milk to Youngstown four miles away. The present buildings on the farm were erected since his death, the house going up in 1911. Mrs. Collins was a remarkable woman, and after her husband's death, she took charge of the farm and administered its affairs in capable fashion until her sons were old enough to relieve her. Both she and her husband belonged to the Second United Presbyterian Church of Youngstown. Mr. and Mrs. Collins had the following children: George, William, James, Alexander and Robert, all but William being in partnership in the conduct of the farm, he living in retirement at Girard, Ohio. Alexander Collins lives in a second house on the farm, and his wife bore the maiden name of Christina Frier. William Collins married Jeanie Ramage, but neither he nor his brother has any children. James and Robert Collins are unmarried. Robert Collins is now serving as township treasurer. These brothers are sound, reliable and practical men and farmers and stand exceedingly high in their community. CHARLES FILLIUS. The late Judge Charles Fillius of Warren was one of the notable men of this part of Ohio, notable alike in his profession and as a citizen. He was born at Hudson, Ohio, on July 31, 1852, and died at his home in Warren on September I, 1920. He was descended from a pioneer family of Summit County, his father, Philip Fillius, having settled at Hudson in 1826. Judge Fillius received a common school and collegiate education. He was graduated from Hiram College with the A. B. degree in 1875, and for three years following his leaving college he was superintendent of the Canfield, Ohio, public schools and read law in the office of Judges Marvin and Grant in Akron. Judge Fillius was admitted to the bar in December, 1878, and on January 1, 1879, opened a law office at Cuyahoga Falls, where he practiced his profession for nearly three years. In August, 1882, he located in Warren, and immediately became associated in practice with Judge George M. Tuttle as junior member of the firm of Tuttle & Fillius. In 1902 Judge Tuttle practically retired from practice. In 1909 Judge Fillius formed a partnership with his son George T., under the firm name of Fillius & Fillius, which became one of the strongest and most successful legal organizations in Northeastern Ohio, and which firm, under the same name, is continued with George T. as the senior member. As an appreciation of the man and his achievements the following, printed by the Warren Tribune at the time of the death of Judge Fillius, is given: "Judge Fillius was a landmark in this city and county, not because of his age, for he was yet in the prime of life, but because of his great abilities, because of what he had accomplished in and for the community and because of the high relationship that he bore to all. As a lawyer at the bar he stood at the top. He ever graced the profession that he loved so well. Law to him was not a means of livelihood only, it was a mission, a career, in which he felt he could be of the greatest help to the greatest number. He regarded the science of law as an artist looks upon his developing canvas or as the architect views the growing structure. He knew the law well and he ever upheld its noblest traditions. "In politics Judge Fillius was a Democrat. He was a partisan but not a party man. He believed in the principles of his party but he did not believe that his party was always right or that all members of his party were always right or entitled to his support. He was independent in thought, as a man of his broad and catholic education would be. His friends and supporters knew no political lines, and his business and social relations were never influenced or affected thereby. But he was a democrat in a republican county and district, else any political honor within the gift of the people might have been his. He would have filled with dignity and great ability any office to which he might have, aspired or for which he surely would have been urged had his party been in the majority. "He was a great lawyer, a gifted orator and a good citizen; he was an accomplished scholar and a true friend ; he had a great sense of humor and he loved the fellowship of his fellow men. The life of any social gathering or banquet, he gave much, but he seemed to have received more. That 794 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY was no mere affectation. It was the genuine development of his character, and in it perhaps laid one of the secrets of his great success. "Judge Fillius was everywhere recognized as one of the leading lawyers of Northern Ohio. His reputation was not confined to his own city and county, but was known and respected in all of the courts of this section. The business of his firm was large and lucrative and grew with each succeeding year. The patrons that came to his office were the large and the small, the rich and the poor, the big corporation and the little business man, and all received the same kind, courteous, faithful service. He gave of his best to all, and he was uniformly successful. "Judge Fillius had a great love for and a great pride in the city of Warren. Identified with its growth for so many years, supporting gladly every move and project for its improvement and betterment, he watched the fruition of his hopes and of his labor with genuine interest and real pleasure. "Judge Fillius was perhaps the most able and the most sought-after public speaker in this city. His invitations to speak were numerous, and he always gladly responded when able to do so. He spoke to the little audience out in the country just as willingly and with as much interest and eloquence as he did to the larger hearing in the city. This was only characteristic of this man, who felt it his duty as well as his pleasure to do well and to the best of his ability whatsoever he was called upon to do. He was never a shirker or slacker in the scheme of life, and his whole career, his devotion to duty and his genuine and conscientious consideration of the rights of others have left a lasting impression upon the community. "In the death of Judge Fillius every worthy man and every worthy undertaking have lost a good and true friend. His life, his good work, his right living, his appreciation of others, his remarkable success will have a talismanic influence upon all who knew him for many years to come. "In his practice here Judge Fillius was very successful. His integrity was never questioned and he had the confidence of all the members of the Trumbull county bar. Some years ago he was appointed a judge of the Court of Appeals for this district to fill a vacancy. He served on the bench for the time appointed and then returned to his practice. As a judge he was highly regarded by the attorneys of the different counties of the district. On January 1, 1907, the Supreme Court of Ohio appointed Judge Fillius for a term of five years as a member of the Board of Examiners for applicants for admission to the bar. "Judge Fillius was identified with many interests in Warren. He was vice president of the Western Reserve National bank; vice president of the Packard Electric company; a director of the Trumbull Public Service Company and a trustee of the City Hospital, the Warren Public Library and the Children's Home. He was always connected with any move for the upbuilding of the city. He was a trustee of Hiram College. "When he was a student at Hiram College he joined the Christian Church." Judge Fillius was a member of Central 'Christian Church, and was a member of Old Erie Lodge No. 3, Free and Accepted Masons, and of Warren Commandery No. 39, Knights Templar. On May 12, 1881, Judge Fillius was united in marriage with Miss Mary Sutliff Tuttle, daughter of the late Judge George M. and Mrs. Julia (Sullivan) Tuttle, of Warren, and to their union was born George Tuttle Fillius. GEORGE TUTTLE FILLIUS. One of the prominent young lawyers of Trumbull County, George Tuttle Fillius has used his time and opportunities well during the decade since his admission to the bar. He is a son of Judge Charles Fillius of Warren, whose service as a member of the profession and the community is described elsewhere, and father and son are associated as the law firm of Fillius & Fillius. George Tuttle Fillius, who was named for his maternal grandfather, the late Judge George M. Tuttle, was born in 1883 and acquired a liberal education before entering upon his chosen profession. He received his A. B. degree from Western Reserve University at Cleveland in 19o4, and took his law course at Harvard Law School, graduating in 1909. He immediately returned to Warren and joined his father in practice, making the firm of Fillius & Fillius. Mr. Fillius married Helen Henning of Fargo, North Dakota. Of special interest are his connections with some of the prominent industries and financial organizations of the valley. He is a director in the following: The Western Reserve National Bank of Warren, the First National Bank of Newton Falls, the Newton Steel Company of Newton Falls, the Packard Electric Company of Warren, the Peerless Electric Company of Warren, the Trumbull Public Service Company of Warren, the Warren Iron & Steel Company of Warren and the Trumbull Securities Company of Warren. BELINDA (CONNER) CALDWELL, widow of James Caldwell, who for many years was a successful and well-known hauling contractor and quarry owner in Youngstown, Ohio, has latterly lived in Coitsville Township, Mahoning County, her residence being rather more than two miles to the eastward of Youngstown Court House. She has very many friends in Youngstown and in Coitsville Township, and although she has latterly been almost confined to the house, she is not an invalid, and is still quite an interesting conversationalist, being a well-read woman of superior intellect. In earlier years she was a very capable teacher and a great walker. She was born in Weathersfield Township, Trumbull County, July 19, 1841, the daughter of Michael and Mary (Wallace) Conner, who were both of Irish birth, Michael Conner having been horn in Donegal, and his wife in Sligo. He immigrated to the United States in early manhood, and after a few years returned, in 1839, to marry Mary Wallace, both soon afterwards coming to America and settling in Ohio. They had known Caldwell Porter and William Porter of Austintown Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, when they were in Ireland, and that probably was their reason for settling in Austin- YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 795 town Township, for soon after their arrival Michael Conner took employment with the Porters on their Austintown farm. He also worked in Weathersfield Township, Trumbull County, where their daughter Belinda was born. Michael Conner should be classed with the pioneers, for he had some part in such work. He bought forty-one acres of land from the Early family, at $11 an acre, in 1845, that tract being entirely undeveloped, being in fact a dense area of virgin timber. He built a log house almost on the site of the present comfortable dwelling, and in that log house the family lived until 1869, a period of twenty-five years. In 1869 he built the house since occupied by the family. He and his son, or rather the eldest son, cleared the land of timber and gradually brought it into tillable condition. He would at times only be home at week-ends, and was characteristically a man of action and energy. He loved his home, and by his own industriousness made it comfortable. His vigorous habits and strong personality brought him into some local prominence in political movements. He was a staunch democrat, and took close interest in political matters. He died suddenly in 1886, expiring as he was in the act of crossing the road to his home. He had, however, reached beyond the average age, being in fact eighty years old in the year of his death. His wife, Mary (Wallace) Conner, lived _a widowhood of seven- teen years, her decease not occurring until 1902, in which year she was eighty-five years old. She had been in feeble health, physically, however, for some years prior to her demise. Michael and Mary (Wallace) Conner were the parents of twelve children, of whom Belinda was the eldest. Of the children, Louisa died at the age of thirteen years, and John, who remained a bachelor and remained at home to operate the home farm, died at the age of forty-one years. In fact, all the twelve children, with the exception of Belinda, Mrs. Caldwell, are now dead. Her brother, Charles R., a Civil war veteran, had a distinctive career. He was not yet sixteen years old when he enlisted in the United States Union army after the outbreak of hostilities, in 1861. He was a self-reliant young patriot, and no argument could shake his determination to enlist. He served for about two years, was dangerously wounded, gunshot shattering both legs, and making it necessary to amputate one. He was captured by. the Confederate forces and held at Andersonville, a prisoner in hospital until xchanged for a very seriously wounded Confederate soldier. He was a man of commendable independence, and notwithstanding his infirm state planned to make his own way in life. He read law, and in course of time became a well-known pension attorney at Washington, District of Columbia, and had the satisfaction of securing pensions for many old comrades. Later, he for some years lived at Spokane, Washington. He died in his native place while on a visit to his old home. His one child, a daughter, now Mrs. Jessie Miller, has latterly lived at Los Angeles, California. The twelve children of Michael and Mary (Wallace) Conner were, in order of birth: Belinda, of other mention herein; William George, who never married, and died .in his old home at the age of sixty years, for a number of years had lived in California; Charles R., the Civil war veteran referred to more in detail, who was seventy-two years old when he died; Lewis M., who died in Texas in early manhood; James W., who died in infancy ; Frank, who was seven years old when he died; Mary, who also died in infancy; Louisa, and John; and three who died at early age. Belinda, eldest and only surviving child of Michael and Mary (Wallace) Conner, was well educated, attending the . public schools of her home township, and afterwards for two years was a student under Professor Butler at Poland Seminary. After leaving the seminary she was appointed a teacher in the Coitsville Township schools. She followed that profession until she married, and altogether was a teacher for five or six years. In 1876 she was married to James Caldwell. He was of Irish birth, his native place having been in County Donegal, in the north of Ireland. He was, however, only ten years old when he was brought by his parents to America. His parents, Henry and Jane (Russell) Caldwell, settled at Briar Hill, Youngstown. James Caldwell died in 1915, he being then eighty years old, and only one member of the Caldwell family of his generation then survived him, notwithstanding that eleven children had been born to his parents, Henry and Jane (Russell) Caldwell. His brother Henry had died suddenly in 1909; his brother John had died in early life, at Briar Hill, Youngstown; and his. brother William had died in 1854. A son of the last-named now lives at Pontiac, Michigan. Isabella, sister of James, survived him for four years, her death coming on March 17, 1919. She was then eighty-seven years old, and had lived a useful life, being an able business woman and a well-known and skillful dressmaker. She had served in that connection practically all the old families of the district, and was esteemed by a wide circle. Many later successful dressmakers owed their skill to her tuition, and she accumulated much means by her work. For very many years she had been an active church worker, and after her deatit wasas learned that she had bequeathed to the Presbyetrian Church of Youngstown, of which she had for so many years been a member, the sum of $1,000. She made substantial bequests also to several women friends, including Martha Stephenson, Mary Colvin, Alice Jordan, Elmira Jordan and Mary Waugh. The bulk of her considerable estate, however, she bequeathed to the children of her niece, Jane Caldwell Henderson, of whom she was very fond. The children are Bruce P., Dorothy Virginia and Louise Caldwell, all of course grandchildren of James and Belinda (Conner) Caldwell. James Caldwell was for many years a hauling contractor in Youngstown, his business being mainly in connection with the operation of the furnaces. He also operated a stone quarry at Mill Creek, extensively quarrying building stone for many years. He provided the stone and helped to erect the Soldiers' Monument on Public Square, Youngstown, which to that extent is a monument to his own unselfish public spirit. They lived on Glenwood Avenue, Youngstown, until the death of Mrs. Caldwell's mother, when, the property having become hers, they moved into the home of her deceased parents 796 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY in Coitsville Township. He was a man of strong, consistent character, a good Presbyterian, and for several years a deacon of the Youngstown Presbyterian Church. Generally he was esteemed in Youngstown by those who knew him, and had confidence in him as a man of honest principle and reliable character. Mrs. Caldwell was also in earlier years an active, earnest church worker, and has very many friends, both in Youngstown and Coitsville Township. James and Belinda (Conner) Caldwell were the parents of four children: Jane who married John Henderson, an enterprising and successful dealer in automobiles and auto supplies at Warren, Trumbull County, Ohio, and they have three children, Bruce P., Dorothy Virginia and Louise Caldwell; William W., who lived with his parents until his death, which occurred when he was twenty-nine years old; Lewis Henry, who is assistant superintendent of the iron works at Haselton, and succeeding well in life, married Catherine Kane, hut there has been no issue; and Charles R., an engineer by profession, and connected with the Bessemer Mill at Youngstown, is unmarried, and lives with his mother, to whom he is a comfort in her old age. JOHN A. WILLO. Scholarly in his attainments, possessing an exact and comprehensive knowledge of law, and having an especial aptitude for his profession, John A. Willo has won an honored position in the legal circles of Youngstown. A son of Michael Willo, he received superior educational advantages from youth up, no pains or expense being spared to fit him for his future career, his training having been in some of the best schools in the country. After studying for six years at Canisius College, in Buffalo, New York, Mr. Willo spent one year at Holy Cross College, Worcester, Massachusetts, and subsequently took a course of study at Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, where he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In 1914 he entered Columbia University, in New York City, which honored him with the degree of Doctor of Laws. Locating immediately in Youngstown, Mr. Willo has since been actively and successfully engaged in the practice of law, having won an extensive patronage. During the World war Mr. Willo organized the. Slovak Patriotic League, of which he was made chairman, and for his services therein he received a personal letter of thanks from President Wilson. Mr. Willo married, in 1912, Miss Veronica O'Brien, of Boston, Massachusetts. THOMAS W. INGLIS. As president and treasurer of the Michigan Furniture Company, which is located at 220-22 East Federal Street, Thomas W. Inglis is a prominent factor in promoting the growth and development of the manufacturing and mercantile interests of Youngstown, and holds a position of note among its representative citizens. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 4, 1878, a son of William J. Inglis. William J. Inglis was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1850, where his father, Thomas W. Inglis, a china merchant, settled on coming to this country from England, his native land, and where he lived until his death, at the advanced age of eighty years. A bricklayer and contractor, he furnished the brick used in the construction of the Solomon and Reuben Building, and in other large buildings in Pittsburgh. He died while yet in manhood's prime, his death occurring in 1893, at the early age of forty-three years. The maiden name of the wife of William J. Inglis was Henrietta Stuttler. She was born sixty-five years ago, at 42 Hooper Street, Pittsburgh, where she is now residing, a daughter of Abner Stuttler, who came from the east of Pittsburgh, crossing the mountains in a wagon in pioneer times. Abner Stuttler helped to build the first steamboat to navigate the Ohio River. His mother was twice married, her first husband having been a Mr. Hervey, who rang the Liberty, Bell at Independence Hall, and after his death she became the wife of Abner Stuttler's father. Of the union of William J. and Henrietta (Stuttler) Inglis, five children were born, as follows: Thomas W., of this brief sketch ; Caroline, wife of Thomas Hodge, of Covington, Pennsylvania; George H., with the Duquesne Light Company, of Pittsburgh ; Lottie, who died at the age of six years; and Fred, who died when but ten years old. The mother is a member of the Baptist Church, and belongs to the Daughters of the American Revolution, and other patriotic societies. Having completed his early studies in the public schools of his native city, Thomas W. Inglis began his independent career as a clerk, serving for three years in that capacity in the Home-Ward department store, at Pittsburgh, after which he was with Kauffman Brothers for an equal length of time, and with C. L. Reno for eighteen months. Coming then to Youngstown, Mr. Inglis entered the employ of H. L. Mcllroy, with whom he remained seventeen years. Establishing himself in business on his own account in 1913, he opened a furniture store at 428 East Federal Street, and managed it with most satisfactory pecuniary results until September, 1918, when he assumed possession of his present well-equipped establishment at 220 East Federal Street. Mr. Inglis married, January` 31, 19o1, Charlotte, daughter of Edward Evens of Youngstown, a puddler at the Cartwright & McCurdy Mills. Mrs. Inglis is a graduate of the Covington Street School, and has been a very active and acceptable member of the Youngstown School Board. Mr. and Mrs. Inglis have one child, Esther J., a member of the class of 1920 in the Rayen High School. SOL WEINBERGER. Industrious, thrifty, and eminently capable, Sol Weinberger, head of one of the larger wholesale and retail cigar and tobacco firms of Youngstown, has established a fine reputation for business intelligence and ability, his good judgment and wise management of affairs having won him decided success in his undertakings. A native of Western Hungary, he was born in Raszlowitz, March 25, 1866, a son of Moritz and Betty Weinberger, who came with their family to Youngstown in 1885, their son Sol, who was then located in this city, having sent for them to join him, and here enjoy the advantages and privileges of American life. YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 797 In 1880, an active youth of fourteen years, Sol Weinberger immigrated to the United States to visit his uncle, E. Mittler, a pioneer merchant of Youngstown, with whom he remained as a clerk for sixteen years. In 1896 Mr. Mittler disposed of his clothing store and embarked in the wholesale and retail cigar and tobacco business, admitting Mr. Weinberger as a partner. In 1897 Mr. Mittler sold his interest in the concern to Monroe Pollock, who became senior member of the firm of Pollock & Weinberger, which carried on a substantial trade for ten years. In 1907 the firm of Weinberger, Pollock & Daugherty was organized with a capital stock of $5o,000, which has since been increased to $150,000, Mr. Weinberger being made president, Mr. Daugherty vice president, and Mr. Pollock secretary and treasurer. This well-known firm has built up a flourishing trade, employing a force of seventeen men, six of whom are commercial travelers, selling the company's products throughout the country. Mr. Weinberger married, in 1906, Miss Helen Goldsmith, of Zanesville, Ohio, and they have one child, Mittler A., born in 1907.. THE DARROW GARDEN COMPANY of Struthers is a local industry whose products have a very wide and hearty appreciation at Youngstown and other modern cities of the Mahoning Valley. The business has a history of over thirty years, having been -established in 1888 by D. R. Darrow. At that time it consisted only of a modest area devoted to the growing of vegetables for a limited local market. The Darrow family has some interesting associations with the iron industry of the Mahoning Valley. D. R. Darrow was born at Coitsville October 4, 1841, son of Reuben and Elizabeth Darrow. His parents were natives of Connecticut and drove overland to the Western Reserve with wagon and ox team. Reuben Darrow was first employed by Robert Montgomery at Haselton but afterward made his home at Coitsville. About 1870 he secured the land including the site of the Darrow Garden Company. That land then extended to the banks of the Mahoning River. Reuben Darrow had been an iron miner when the local furnaces were supplied with ore from the immediately surrounding country. This ore was found in veins from a few inches to a foot or more in thickness. Reuben Darrow died in 1882 when past eighty years of age. D. R. Darrow was about twenty years of age when the family moved to Struthers. As a young man he dug ore and hauled it to the Charles Howard furnace on the site of the present Republic Iron & Steel plant at Youngstown. Later the Struthers Iron Company was started with T. W. Kennedy as manager. This plant was a mile from the Darrow farm. Another furnace was also started at Lowellville, with Mr. McCleary as manager. It was about 188o that the local ore had to meet the competition of the cheap and abundant supply from the Lake Superior country, and in a few years local production declined to practically nothing. It was this situation that turned the Darrows from digging iron ore to raising vegetables. About thirty years ago the first glass house was constructed 25 by 5o feet, though its use primarily was designed for Vol. III-26 forcing plants in early spring ready for transplanting during the growing season. The company was incorporated in 1905 and during the past thirteen years it has enjoyed steady extension and growth. A large amount has been invested in hot house or greenhouse equipment, and the industry is an all season concern, specializing in vegetable crops grown under glass for early spring, fall and winter markets. The three chief crops are lettuce, tomatoes and cucumbers. At the present time the•company has over three acres under glass. The demand has always outstripped the ability of local growers to supply, and there has seldom been a resort to market even as far away as Pittsburgh or Cleveland. The great bulk of the demand is from the retail grocery trade of Youngstown. The president of the company is D. R. Darrow, R. H. Darrow is vice president and general 'manager and J. G. Darrow is secretary and treasurer. D. R. Darrow married Laura H. Beede of Ashtabula County, Ohio, and of a New Hampshire family. Their five children to reach mature years are : Charles R.; .Vernice, wife of Charles Wilkins, a hardware merchant at Youngstown ; Grace, a teacher in the Youngstown schools ; Ralph H., who married Helen Bryson and has a daughter, Josephine, who is a graduate of high school and now a student in the Ohio State University ; and James G., who married Ethelyn French and has two children, Dorothy and Robert. D. R. Darrow has always been alive to the best interests of his community. He is a Methodist, in national affairs votes as a republican, but was one of the early and ardent prohibitionists in this community. The son Ralph H. has been for the past ten years township trustee and he and his brother James are members of the Presbyterian Church at Lowellville, and both are affiliated with the Masonic Order at Youngstown. WILLIAM G. THOMAS found his lifework early as a railroad man, and has devoted himself seriously to his responsibilities and for that reason has earned an important place among the transportation interests of the Mahoning Valley. For the past twelve years he has been shop foreman of the New York Central car shops at Coalburg. Two years previously he had located at Coalburg as a car inspector, and when he was made foreman of the shop he had only one other man as assistant: While Coalburg has lost its prestige in some other respects, its importance has grown steadily as a railroad center, and at the present time Mr. Thomas has 25o men in the shops under his direct supervision. Mr. Thomas was born in the same locality, at Doughton Station December 5, 1867. His father, William Thomas, was born in Wales, and came to the United States a young man with a practical training as a coal miner. He was employed in the coal mines at Coalburg for twelve or fifteen years and subsequently engaged in merchandising at this point. For many years he also held the office of postmaster, and altogether lived in that community for thirty-five years. About ten years ago he removed to Cleveland, where he died at the age of sixty-two. He was a man of much influence in the 798 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY republican party in his section of Trumbull County, was affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, and was a member of the Baptist Church. William G. Thomas grew up and received his early education at Coalburg and at the age of nineteen became a locomotive fireman at Youngstown. Four years later he was promoted to engineer, and spent ten years on an engine before he began his work at Coalburg in the shops. Mr. Thomas married Mary S. Williams, a niece of his father's old partner, T. J. Powell. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas lost their only child at the age of two years. Mrs. Thomas is a member of the Baptist Church, and Mr. Thomas is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, the Foresters of America, the Lodge of Masons at Hartford, Ohio, and has attained the thirty-second degree in Scottish Rite Masonry. He usually spends his vacations on the lakes of Michigan and Pennsylvania. HARRY Z. BIXLER. Twenty-five years ago Harry Z. Bixler completed an apprenticeship as a machinist in the railroad shops at Elkhart, Indiana. From that time to the present his life has been a busy one, and his ability and proficiency have earned him promotions to important roles in industrial affairs. Mr. Bixler, who for a number of years was identified with the Brier Hill Steel Company as its chief engineer, was born at Kendallville, Indiana, September 2, 1874, son of William Wallace and Jennie (Tish) Bixler. His father in early manhood enlisted in the regular army, and while in the West at different posts did his share toward putting down some of the Indian uprisings of that period. Later he returned to Indiana and was a machinist for the Flint-Walling Company of Kendallville a number of years, and finally was locomotive engineer for the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad. Harry Z. Bixler was three years of age when his parents moved to Elkhart, Indiana, a division point on the railroad served by his father. He was educated in public and night schools. He was still young when his father died, and as the oldest of the family he realized his responsibilities, and the rest of his education he received was incidental to work that would give him a livelihood. He was first employed as a blueprint boy in the offices of the Lake Shore Railroad. He remained in the drafting room two or three years, after which he served his machinist's apprenticeship in the railroad shops during this time taking advantage of the night school maintained by the railroad company. In 1898 he again entered the drawing room at the Cleveland terminal of the Lake Shore road. A few months later he made his first acquaintance with Youngstown in the capacity of draftsman for the Ohio Steel Company, later forming a part of the National Steel Company. For the past twenty years his service has been given entirely to the iron and steel industry. In 1900 he was sent to the New Castle works of the same company, and in September, 1901, he became engineer for the Cambridge Rolling Mill Company at Cambridge, Ohio. He again returned to Youngstown in 1902, this time as draftsman for the Republic Iron and Steel Company. With this corporation he rose to chief draftsman, then engineer with supervision over the Youngstown, Sharon and New Castle districts. He also had charge of the building of blast furnaces Nos. 2 and 3 at Hazelton, and the combination rail and sheet bar mills at the Bessemer works. Mr. Bixler left the Republic Company in 1907, and in 1908 was engineer in charge of the design and construction of a blast furnace for the Hamilton Iron and Steel Company at Hamilton, Ohio. From there he went to Coatesville, Pennsylvania, as assistant engineer in the construction of blast furnaces Nos. and 2 for the Worth Brothers Company, now the Midvale Steel Company. Mr. Bixler's present 'residence at Youngstown dates back to September, 191o, when he became mechanical engineer for the Youngstown Steel Company. He remained with that company until the organization of the Brier Hill Steel Company, and afterward filled the responsible post of chief engineer with jurisdiction over all their plants. It was during his incumbency that the open hearth plant, rolling mills, "koppers" by-product coke and benzol recovery plants, Jeanette blast furnace and the 84th and 132 plate mills were constructed, all of which are of most modern design, containing many original engineering features for elimination of labor and economy of operation. Mr. Bixler resigned his position with Brier Hill Steel Company, and on February I920, became associated with several Youngstown men to build a mechanical puddling plant at Warren, Ohio. As yet the company has not been incorporated, therefore has no name. Mr. Bixler is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, The Engineers Club of Youngstown district, the American Iron and Steel Institute and the Youngstown Country Club, and in politics is a republican. He is also a member of the Maccabees, Tent No. 3, of Elkhart, Indiana. November 27, 1901, he married Miss Catherine Connell of Youngstown. They have one son,. George Wallace. ABRAM JAMES GARFIELD. Through persistent labor and unceasing industry Abram James Garfield has won his way to prestige in his chosen vocation. He entered upon his career with no particular advantages to aid him, and by making the most of ordinary opportunities has steadily advanced along the highway of success, until he finds himself today in the responsible position of master mechanic of the blast furnaces of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company. Abram J. Garfield was born at Cleveland, Ohio, January 14, 1876, a son of Thomas C. and Mary E. (Brown) Garfield, the former a cousin of President James A. Garfield. Abram J. Garfield is one of four children, of whom one is deceased, and was reared in his native city where he attended the grammar and high schools and likewise took a course in a business college. His father was the owner and operator of a stone quarry and also operated extensively as a contractor and bridge builder. In the latter connection he frequently had miles of bridge building under contract, and it was in this connection that Abram J. Garfield received his business training. He rose to a foremanship in the employ of his father and was thoroughly familiar YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 799 with bridge building as a contractor, and at the age of twenty-three years came to Youngstown to become labor foreman for the Republic Iron & Steel Company. Within six months he became labor boss. In 1902 he entered the employ of the Youngstown. Sheet & Tube Company, as bogg rigger, and since that time has witnessed the kaleidoscopic changes that have occurred in the growth and development of that plant. He has witnessed and taken part in the expansions of this enterprise from two or three ordinary buildings to one of the great industrial plants of the country. From bogg rigger Mr. Garfield was promoted to master mechanic of blast furnaces in 1913, and this position he has continued to fill ever since. He is one of the company's highly valued men, who enjoys the confidence of his superiors and has the good will and loyalty of, his subordinates. Mr. Garfield was married April l0, 1900, to Miss Addie B. Davidson, of Cleveland, Ohio, and to them three children have been born, namely: Mary, Alice and Dorothy. Mrs. Garfield is a faithful and active member of the Presbyterian Church, and is identified with many of the charitable and philanthropic enterprises existing at Youngstown. JOSEPH BARNARD KIRK, respected resident in Canfield Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, and a successful farmer in that township, comes of a family which has had long connection with the Mahoning Valley settlement, and regarding which connection more will be found elsewhere in this edition of Mahoning Valley history. (See Kirk-Kirkpatrick.) Joseph B. Kirk was born in Albany, Green Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, on June 20, 1858, the son of Archibald and Sarah (Ewing) Kirkpatrick, the former a native of Ireland, born in Dublin, capital of that country, and the latter, Sarah Ewing, being of the well-known Ewing family of Mahoning County, many of the scions of which are of record in this edition. The Kirkpatricks of the generation of Joseph Barnard Kirk have, it is believed with one exception, abbreviated the patronymic to the more American surname of Kirk, but Archibald Kirkpatrick retained his full family name until his death. About two years after the birth of Joseph B., Archibald Kirkpatrick moved to Canfield Township, to a section generally known locally as Dublin, the neighborhood and a school at that place being so named because of the fact that the settlers in that vicinity were men of Irish birth or antecedents, their families retaining much of their ancestral characteristics. There Archibald Kirkpatrick lived for the remainder of his life, and there his children were reared and were provided a good home by him. He died on June 1o, 1898, having labored industriously to improve the farm almost to the year of his death. The last farm improvement he made was the building of the barn, which is still in use and adequate for the purposes of the farm, which is 130 acres in extent. Archibald Kirkpatrick also rebuilt the dwelling. At the time of his death he was sixty-eight years old, and his wife who lived two years after his death, was seventy-two years old when she died. They were both God-fearing neighborly people, members of the Presbyterian Church, and both had many true friends in Canfield Township. They were the parents of three children, all sons: Warren, who also resides in Canfield; Joseph B., regarding whom more follows; and Thomas E., who entered railroad service, and lives now in Elkhart, Indiana. Joseph B. Kirk, who resides in Canfield Township about 1% miles from Canfield Village, has lived in the township all his life with the exception of his first two years, and the nine years he spent in Youngstown after marriage. Until he was thirty years old he lived with his parents, attended the Canfield Township public school in his boyhood, and afterwards assisted his father in the operation of the home farm. He was thirty years old when he married, the wedding taking place on February 5; 1889, his wife being Mary E. Ewing, daughter of John Ewing, they being of a collateral line to that to which Sarah Ewing, mother Of Joseph B. Kirk belonged, all of the pioneer Mahoning County family of that name. Mary E. Ewing is sister of Sam 0. Ewing, whose life is reviewed elsewhere in this volume, and also of Judge Ewing of Youngstown. She was born in Jackson Township, Mahoning County, December 28, 1858, and in girlhood attended the old academy at Canfield. As a girl she was apt at her studies, and when sixteen years old began to teach, the first school to which she was appointed being the district school to the westward of Canfield. For six years she taught in district schools, mainly in Boardman Township, Mahoning County, and afterwards was a dressmaker, continuing in such occupations until she married Joseph B. Kirk. After their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Kirk moved into Youngstown, and there for nine years lived, the husband during that period being in the employ of C. Schuman, of Youngstown, in the capacity of shipping clerk. Not being used to such confining indoor occupations, failing health compelled Mr. Kirk eventually to seek to recuperate his physical vigor in the more healthful labors of farming life. So in 1904, he purchased the farm in Canfield Township upon which he and his wife have since lived. The farm was then known as the Samuel Dickson farm, but was part of the original James Dickson farm. James Dickson's connection with pioneer work in the Mahoning Valley is elsewhere mentioned in this work. He was also of Irish birth, born also in Dublin, and was grandfather of Harry Dickson, a sketch concerning whom will be found in this edition. The farm was subsequently bought by Judge Ewing, who sold part to the Experiment Station authorities, and Joseph B. Kirk bought seventy acres. Mr. Kirk has followed general farming, to which his acreage is well adapted, and he maintains a dairy moderate in size. He is able to derive much benefit from the contiguous Experiment Station, both in matters relating to the modern developments of scientific farming, and in farm upkeep. He knows the values of chemical fertilizer, and has brought his farm into a high state of fertility. Mrs. Kirk also has taken much interest in one phase of farming and has had much success with prize poultry, specializing in Barred Rocks. Mr. Kirk breeds Duroc and Jersey swine. Politically, Mr. Kirk is a republican, and while he has not keenly followed general political movements, 800 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY and has never sought political office, he as well as his wife and daughter, has taken good part in church and community work. During the war, Mr. and Mrs. Kirk were active workers for the allied cause, contributing also as much as they were able to the funded issues of. the nation. Their daughter was a prominent Red Cross worker in the home sector. Mr. Kirk also, through his interest in the Farm Bureau of which he is an active member, did to some extent, in matters of increased production upon his own farm contribute also to the plan of the Federal Department of Agriculture to bring to harvest substantial increase in foodstuffs, so as to sustain the famished allied countries until victory was won. The war was not won only by those patriots who were in military or naval uniform. For the first time in history whole nations were at war, and loyal Americans at home or abroad strove, in whatever capacity best fitted, to further the national aim, and it was through such individual contributions as those of Mr. Kirk and his family that the plan of the national administration was brought to a successful culmination. Emma Virginia Kirk, only child of Joseph B. and Mary E. (Ewing) Kirk, was especially active in war work, in connection with the local Red Cross. Miss Kirk is in the teaching profession and was a member of the staff of the centralized school at Austintown, in the fourth grade of which school she was a teacher until the present year. The school was about eight miles distant from her home, and she traveled to and from school in her car. She now teaches in Poland Village. She is a successful educator, well qualified for such work, having graduated from Canfield High School, and the State Normal College. WAYNE J. BARNUM, claims attorney for the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, is a skilled and thorough attorney and a man who has rendered valuable service to the company and the employes thereof. Mr. Barnum was born at Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, May 10, 1884, a son of William P. and Nannie L. (Knowlton) Barnum. A review of the Barnum famil will be found in the sketch of Judge .W. P. Barnum elsewhere in this work. Mr. Barnum was reared in his native city, where he was primarily educated in the public schools and duly graduated from the high school, and for several years was engaged in .the wholesale ice cream business there. Later he came to Youngstown, where he entered upon the study of law in the Young Men's Christian Association Law School, being admitted to the bar in 1915. During the period in which he was pursuing his studies he served as chief adjustor of the legal department of the Mahoning Railway & Light Company, and when he was admitted to the bar entered private practice, to which he devoted his attention until he assumed charge of the legal department of the Industrial Relations Department of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company May t, 1917, at the inception of that department; But about the 1st of May, 192o, this branch of the company's interests was closed, and since then Mr. Barnum has served as the claims attorney for the company. He is a Royal Arch Mason in his fraternal affiliations and in politics is a republican. His religious connection is with the Christian Church, On September 24, 1903, Mr. Barnum was united in marriage with Edith M. Connors, of New Brighton, Pennsylvania, and they have four children living, William Joseph, Ruth 'Esther, Robert Wayne and Jacques Payne. JOHN R. ROWE, who during the last few years has dealt extensively and successfully in Youngstown real estate, and has been actively identified with the Youngstown Real Estate Board; came to Youngstown in 1916, feeling that it was a city of promise. And he had good means of judging, for he had traveled extensively for Pittsburgh real estate operators. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, January 12, 1878, the son of Michael and Sadie (McCullough) Rowe, both of that city. The former was connected with the Pennsylvania Railroad Company for thirty-five years, in Pittsburgh, where he died in March, 1913, aged fifty-three years. His widow removed to Chicago, where she still lives in comfortable circumstances. Michael Rowe was a devout Catholic, member of the Holy Rosary Church, Pittsburgh, and was known to a large circle of Pittsburgh people. He was especially active in local politics, and in the interests of the Democratic party served on many committees. He and his wife were the parents of many children, of whom John R., now of Youngstown, is the eldest. John R. Rowe attended the elementary schools of Pittsburgh, and finished at Homewood School. At the age of fourteen years he began to work, entering the employ of the Standard Underground Cable Company, his particular work being the braiding of wire. Two years later, in 1894, he entered the employ of the Union Switch & Signal Company, remaining with that company for about one year, after which for two years he was employed in executive capacity by the Westinghouse Electrical Manufacturing Company. Two years later he entered the service of the City of Pittsburgh, and for eighteen years thereafter he remained connected with the municipal civil service in various capacities. He was at the outset connected with the police department, from which he was transferred to the Bureau of Surveys and Registry, and in the course of his work in that department gained a valuable insight into real estate values and operation. Eventually he became associated with the William E. Harmon Company, of Pittsburgh, as salesman with headquarters in Chicago. The business of this company was extensive, and concerned with the development and sale of real estate in many cities of the United States. In his capacity of salesman Mr. Rowe had to travel extensively, and became more expert in real estate matters. His business brought him to Youngstown, and the city with its many industrial activities of consequence impressed him so much that he, in 1916, resolved to settle therein and devote himself to real estate operations in it and its environs. He has had very good success in Youngstown since that year, developing property at Garden Heights particularly, and handling real estate opportunities in many other parts of the town and dis- YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 801 trict. He is energetic and well-liked, has a good reputation for personal and business integrity, and has shown a readiness to enter properly and wholeheartedly into public duties. Like his parents he is a sincere Catholic, a member of the Holy Rosary Church and a good supporter of Catholic and other charities. In 1901, at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he married Mary, daughter of John Holley, of Pittsburgh. Since they have lived in Youngstown he and his wife have made many sincere friends, and have both shown a helpful interest in community life. HENRY TOD RICHARDS, son of the late Samuel Allen Richards, whose career as one of the leading furnace men and iron manufacturers of the Mahoning Valley has been reviewed elsewhere, has also given his time to the technical and executive branches of the iron and steel industry. He was born at Cleveland November 17, 1875, graduated from a Chicago high school, and at the age of nineteen entered the laboratory of the Hall Blast Furnace at Sharon, Pennsylvania. The same company, Runyon, Stubbs & Company, sent him to Struthers, and he remained there until he resigned as assistant superintendent of the Struthers Blast Furnace in 191o. He then became assistant superintendent of the Ohio Works of the Carnegie Steel Company at Youngstown, and in 1911 became superintendent of blast furnaces for Worth Brothers Company of Coatesville, Pennsylvania. Subsequently he was identified with the furnace industry at Warren, and more recently at Cleveland. Mr. Richards is a republican and a member of the Presbyterian Church. At River Forest, Illinois, June 27, 1900, he married Sara Homer, daughter of George W. Homer of River Forest. They have two children, Florence and Samuel Allen Richards. PHEBE T. SUTLIFF. A member of one of the old families of culture and substantial worth in Trumbull County, Phebe T. Sutliff, while most of her years have been lived in Warren, has employed her resources as an educator and an influence proceeding from a very earnest character in helping to solve some of the present-day problems that perplex society in general and more or less her home community. Miss Sutliff, one of the notable women of the Mahoning Valley, was born at Warren in 1859, daughter of the late Levi and Phebe Lord (Marvin) Sutliff. Of her father, who was born in Vernon Township of Trumbull County July 12, 1805, and died at Warren on March 25, 1864, Mrs. Upton in her history of Trumbull County said: "He belonged to a family of lawyers, being a brother of Milton and Calvin. Both his father and mother had unusual mental attainments. The getting of an education for young men of his time was exceedingly difficult. He did not study law until middle lire. He was admitted to the bar in 1840. Six years later he removed to Warren, having had rural practice before that. He formed a partnership with Judge Birchard, but soon retired to care for his property interests. Although a lawyer, he is better known as a business man, as an anti-slavery agitator, and as a student." Miss Sutliff's mother was born in Bazetta Township of Trumbull County July r, 1822, daughter of Captain Joseph Marvin, a native of Connecticut, who came into Ohio in an ox cart in 1821 and bought 1,000 acres of Trumbull County land. He married Temperance Miller. Phebe Temperance Sutliff graduated from Vassar College with the A. B. degree and with the class of 188o, she being one of the honor girls of her class. Her life has been devoted to scholarship, particularly investigation of historical and economic problems. Later, in 189o, she received the Master of Arts degree from Cornell University, studied abroad during 189o-91 in the University of Zurich and the Swiss Polytechnic, and in 1895 was a student under one of the most eminent authorities on American Constitutional Law and History, Professor Von Ho1st, at the University of Chicago. During 1885-86 Miss Sutliff was an instructor in Hiram College of Ohio, but her longest association and chief work as an educator was at Rockford, Illinois, where she was head of the department of history and English literature in the Rockford Seminary during 1887-89, and then after her post-graduate career returned to Rockford College and was head of the department of History and Economics from 1892 to 1896, from 1896 to 1901 head of the department of Modern European and United States History, and also president of the college. During the World war and the reconstruction period she was well qualified for an important share in the responsibilities that devolved upon enlightened citizenship. She served as one of the "four minute men" in the Liberty Loan and Thrift Savings Stamp campaigns. With several other volunteer workers she started an evening school for foreigners, and continued it as a volunteer enterprise until the practical demonstration of its benefits caused the Board of Education to take it over and make it an integral part of the public school system. She gave several courses of lectures on the war and both spoke and wrote in favor of a "League to Enforce Peace." Miss Sutliff was president of the< local Child Labor League as long as the organization was maintained. In 1920 she was appointed a member of the Ohio State Democratic Committee, and is one of the committee's campaign lecturers. The breadth of her scholastic and civic interests is further indicated by her membership in the American Historical Association, American Academy of Political and Social Science, the Societe Academique d'Histoire Internationale, American Society for Judicial Settlement of International Disputes and the League to Enforce Peace. She is a Phi Beta Kappa. At the present time Miss Sutliff is Trumbull County chairman of the Historical Commission of Ohio. HOMER HORACE KIRK, owner of the Maple Valley Farm. in Jackson Township, Mahoning County, Ohio, and one of the representative and well to do agriculturists of that part of the county, comes of a family well known and of long residence in Ma-honing County. There will be found in this current edition of the Mahoning Valley History many other references to the Kirk-Kirkpatrick family, which has been resident in Mahoning County for more than a century. Robert Kirkpatrick, progenitor in 802 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY America of the Scotch-Irish family to which Homer Horace Kirk belongs, was the first settler of Jackson Township and was born in County Down, Ireland. He came to Warren in the first decade of the nineteenth century and settled at Smith's Corners in Austintown Township. Buying his extensive land holdings in this township, Jackson, and Ellsworth from Judge Peas of Warren, agent of the Connecticut Land Company for the sale of the Western Reserve. He helped to clear the Courthouse Park in Warren, and .made preparations to clear his tract of wild land at Smith's Corners, digging a well which is still in use and building a log cabin. His near neighbors were the Ewings, into which family he was destined soon to marry. Robert Kirkpatrick did not stay many months at Smith's Corners, for he was attracted by a section in Jackson Township, which was then an unbroken wilderness, and managed to trade his eighty-acre tract at Smith's Corners for 16o acres in Jackson Township on Meander Creek, the land bordering Austintown Township and being about i/2 miles westward from Smith's Corners,. but the present road known as the Kirkpatrick Road was not surveyed until 1818. Part of the land is still in the possession of his grandson, Homer H., and the family has had the continuous occupation of the land since the year in which Robert Kirkpatrick first entered into possession of it, which must have been in or about 18o7, for although record is not now available of the birth of Martin, eldest son of Robert and Catherine (Ewing) Kirkpatrick, their second son, Isaac, was born in Austintown Township in 1811, and Robert Kirkpatrick did not marry Catherine Ewing until he had built a cabin in 5807 on his Jackson Township property. In 1818 he built a substantial brick house. It is still in a good state of repair, and has been occupied steadily for over a century. The brick used were burned on the farm, the clay being first. trampled by oxen, and it has stood the test of time. It has hen re-roofed two or three times, the last roof being of slate, and many modern conveniences have been added, but the house is to all intents and purposes the same as when built over a century ago. The contractor was a local mason named Butts, and the house contains five large rooms. The old-fashioned fireplace in connection with which is an oven, has been left as it originally was and is one of the attractions of the old house. Robert Kirkpatrick during his lifetime acquired much land in the Mahoning Valley. He bought 400 acres in Ellsworth Township at $1.25 an acre, and also a large tract in Austintown Township at the same price. The Village of Rosemont stands on part of the 400 acres Robert Kirkpatrick once owned. He died in Jackson Township, which throughout his married life was his home center, other lands being taken up more as investments. Both he and his wife lie buried in the Covenantry Cemetery, in the southwest corner of the farm he owned and the northwest corner which his brother-in-law John Ewing first owned joining his land on the south. To Robert and Catherine Ewing Kirkpatrick were born the following children: Martin; Isaac, who was born in Jackson Township in 1811, and married Eliza McAnlis, whom he met while employed near Enon Valley, Pennsylvania. Later he and his brother Martin settled on the 400 acres purchased by their father, the tract being about five miles distant from the old Kirkpatrick homestead. Martin's homestead is still in the possession of his son Gibson. Isaac spent the remainder of his life near Rosemont, and he like his father acquired much land all in Ellsworth Township. One farm of 100 acres given to his son Isaac Kirkpatrick II, was sold by him to John Moherman of Jackson at close of the Civil war, 1864, for $50,000 in gold. Josiah was the third son and the father of Homer Horace Kirk. Eleanor, whose husband John Wilson was probably of the same branch of the Wilson family to which President Wilson belongs, did not live to old age; she and her husband had three sons, David, Josiah, and James ; who died more than forty years ago and who bore a striking resemblance to President Wilson, and to which they are distantly related. Martha married James McGeorge of New Galilee, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, where she eventually died, leaving a family of ten sons and daughters, and their descendants now number more than four score persons ; of four generations, and are among the leading people of Beaver and adjoining counties of Pennsylvania and Ohio. Josiah Kirkpatrick, third child of Robert and Catharine (Ewing) Kirkpatrick, was born in the log cabin on the parental farm in Jackson Township March t. 1813, and upon that estate he lived all his life. There he grew to sturdy manhood, took the burden of its operation from his father, and eventually that farm was bequeathed to him. He was an enterprising, aggressive farmer, and bought and sold much land during his lifetime. He, however, centered his efforts on the home farm, and during the greater part of his life was a large stock raiser. He had special success in horse breeding, and was one of the prominent exhibitors at the county fairs. As a matter of fact, he was one of its original promoters, helping to carry it successfully through its early years when its site was the old court house at Canfield. He was a man of strong character and interested himself actively in political matters. Originally a whig, he became a leading republican and an outspoken abolitionist. Religiously in early manhood he belonged to the Reformed Presbyterian or Covenantors Church, but eventually transferred him membership to the Church of the Disciples of Christ, and was a charter member of the church of that denomination at North Jackson. He was influenced by the preaching of Alexander Campbell and. John Henry, leading evangelists and founders of that denomination. For many years Josiah Kirkpatrick was an elder of the church, and although his home was five miles distant from the church at North Jackson it was more or less a social center for members of the church, and the pond used for the baptism of converts was located in Meander Creek near his home. Josiah Kirkpatrick and his wife were very hospitable and popular in the township. He married Belinda Dunlap and their nine children were: Catherine, who married Lewis Reel now deceased, and she lives at the old homestead with her brother Homer ; Molly, widow of John Goist of Youngstown; Anna, who for many years was YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 803 a teacher in the Mahoning County schools, married Hiram M. Osborn of Canfield, whom she survives ; Martha, who married Frank T. Miller and both are now deceased, Mrs. Miller dying November 8, 1918; Cynthia who married Warren Lynn and they live in Johnston Township, Trumbull County, Ohio; Calvin, who in 1887 went to Lords-town Township, Trumbull County, where he has since owned a good farm, and he married Sophia Fenstermacher ; Warren, who died in infancy ; Homer H.; and Ida, who married Edward Foulk, and they live in Youngstown. Homer Horace Kirk, eighth child of Josiah and Belinda (Dunlap) Kirkpatrick, was born on the ancestral homestead in Jackson Township, in the house in which he still lives, September 21, 1857. His father and uncles held to the family patronymic but apparently most of the next generation of the Kirkpatrick family adopted the abbreviated Americanized surname of Kirk, by which Homer H. has been known during all his life as well as nearly all others of his generation. With the exception of five years, 188o to 1885, he has lived in the brick house his grandfather built, during almost sixty years, and by his long, interested and helpful association in the affairs of Jackson Township, especially in its educational affairs, he has gained for himself a life record. He was well educated, attending the local schools and eventually taking a course at the Valparaiso, Indiana Normal School, and for ten years was a teacher in Jackson, Austintown and Canfield townships of Mahoning County. He began to teach when he was eighteen years old and after finishing the commercial course at the Valparaiso Normal he for a while was engaged in commercial life. Going to St. Paul. Minnesota. he there became a bookkeeper in the St. Paul Harvester Works, of which his cousin Robert Kirk was one of the principals. Other references are made in this work to the success in life of Robert Kirk, who became a prominent business man in St. Paul and the Northwest, the founder of McLister College and a man of notable record in much public work of consequence. Homer H. Kirk did not stay long in St. Paul, returning to Mahoning County, Ohio, in 1884, to marry, and he immediately afterward took charge of the Kirkpatrick homestead in Jackson Township, which upon the death of his parent became his personal property. Since that year Mr. Kirk's time has been mainly given to agricultural affairs. He has proved himself to be a skillful farmer, an enterprising breeder, a man of business and a public spirited citizen. Much success has come to him in stock raising. He has raised superior herds of Jersey and Holstein cattle, and at one time was a well known breeder and exhibitor of Tamworth swine. Like his father he has taken an active interest in the affairs of the Mahoning County Agricultural Fair, for forty years has been an exhibitor, and has won some notable success as such. His property, the Maple Valley Farm, is a well improved homestead, and since he has been responsible. for it has maintained it in a high state of fertility. It is well equipped and Mr. Kirk has benefitted by the adoption of some of the best of the modern methods of scientific farming. He is prominent in almost all farming activities in the county, is a member of the Farm Bureau and of the local Grange, and he belongs to the Mahoning County Horticultural. Society. He has catered to the Youngstown market, growing much green stuff, and in some years has dealt quite extensively in cattle and sheep, fattening on his own pasturage and buying direct at the Chicago markets. Fraternally he is a Mason, a member of Canfield Lodge. During the recent war he proved himself a loyal citizen, identifying himself with the local Red Cross Chapter and entering into much other work in his district. To the funded issues of the government and of government agencies for war purposes Mr. Kirk subscribed to the extent of his resources, and he is a man of the type that would instinctively have cooperated with the national administration and the department of agriculture in its endeavor during the period of world stress to induce American farmers to make extraordinary efforts to increase yield from American soil to relieve the world shortage. In general politics, however, Mr. Kirk has not actively participated. He nominally gave allegiance to the independent republican party, and in matters of good roads and other subjects affecting local conditions has shown a close interest, but in general politics he has not been active and has never sought public office. But in educational matters Mr.. Kirk has an enviable record. His early experience as an educator gave him a closer insight into educational needs than he would otherwise have had, but his work and recommendations have shown an exhaustive study of matters of educational administration and much original, constructive thought. It is stated that Mr. Kirk was the promoter of the centralized school idea in Mahoning County townships. He still gives much thought to educational matters and sees many flaws in the present school system which he believes should be speedily remedied as they endanger the whole fabric of our free institutions. As he views the situation from enlightened observation and experience of nearly half a century the present system entails much unnecessary expense, and he probably will continue to battle for the right as he sees it and the elimination of evil practices that have rapidly grown up in the rural schools of Ohio. At one time he was president and secretary of the Farmers Institute of Mahoning County and was instrumental in securing Representative Clapp of Ashtabula County to address the North Western Farmers Institute held at North Jackson. Representative Clapp was the first speaker to address a Mahoning County audience and therefore has the distinction of originating the centralized idea of the schools of Mahoning County. He was author of the Centralized Enabling Act under which the Jackson Township schools were the first in Ma-honing County to centralize. In general it will be seen that Mr. Kirk is among the leading and aggressive men of Jackson Township and Mahoning County, and is frank to express his disapproval of low, petty politics and graft and political activities have reached a low standard from the smallest unit of government to the federal government. He has been twice married. His first wife whom he married in 1884 was Lottie A. Dean, a daughter of Austin and Jemima (Rowley) Dean, of Mecca 804 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY Township, Trumbull County. She died in 1889. She possessed many exemplary traits of character and was highly esteemed by all who knew her. In October, 1901, Mr. Kirk married Elizabeth Phillips, widow of John Phillips who was a farmer and livestock and meat dealer in North Jackson. Mr. Kirk considers himself doubly fortunate in securing for his second wife a woman of such high-minded and charitable characteristics, who while quiet and unassuming in manner is ever busy in doing good for others and helping those less fortunate than herself. She is a daughter of William Craver and one of her brothers, A. W. Craver, is well known and prominent in Youngstown and was twice elected mayor of that city. By her first marriage Mrs. Kirk had one child, Grace Phillips, who is now an employe of the water works department of the City of Youngstown. Mr. Kirk is a member of the Disciples Church while Mrs. Kirk is a member of the Reformed Church. Homer H. Kirk is a man of strong character and aggressive, and naturally many people take issue with him and with his motives. He believes in public and private honesty and that everyone is entitled to a square deal, whatever their station in life, and most thoroughly believes that public graft as we see it today is the great blighting curse of this age and most seriously threatens the perpetuity of this republic and our free institutions. In his younger days he was a most formidable man in debate, and few persons were his equal in sarcasm of speech and debate and is fearless to stand for the right as he sees it, socially, politically or otherwise. MATTHEW JOHN KONOLD, vice president and sales manager of the Warren Tool and Forge Company, of Warren, Ohio, was born at Evergreen, Ross Township, Alleghany County, Pennsylvania, on January 31, 1875. He is the son of Christian Konold, and a brother of George F. Konold, Sr., of the Warren Tool and Forge Company, whose biography, which includes the Konold family data, may be found on another page of these volumes. Mr. Konold was left an orphan when he was but a boy, his mother dying when he was four years old, his father when he was eleven. Following the death of his father he became a member of the family of his eldest brother, Frederick Konold, of Pittsburgh. His first venture in life was made when he was thirteen years of age, at which time he became an apprentice at the trade of hammerman in the Iron City Tool Works at Pittsburgh, of which his brother, George F., was superintendent at the time. By the time he had reached his eighteenth year young Konold had completed his apprenticeship and was, placed in charge of a hammer, and from that time, during the next four years he worked •for the above company as a journeyman hammerman. However, Mr. Konold was ambitious, and as his trade did not appear to him to offer the opportunity to advance him to the position in business to which he aspired he gave up his trade in 1896 and entered the office of the old Sligo Iron and Steel Works at Pittsburgh. But he again failed to find what he was looking for, and leaving the office of the Sligo Iron and Steel Works he became a member of the sales force of the Pittsburgh Valve, Foundry and Construction Company. In the selling end he soon realized he had found that for which he had been looking, which fact has since been fully demonstrated. By 1903 he was determined to get into business on his own account and in that year he opened an office in Pittsburgh as an independent sales agent. Beginning in a small way with limited capital he gradually forged ahead, and it was not long until he was firmly established and was handling the products of a number of important iron and steel companies. In the year 1911 James D. Robertson, George F. and Matthew J. Konold organized and built the Warren Tool and Forge Company. Matthew J. finding the location and securing the site for the plant. During this time Mr. Konold continued his sales office in Pittsburgh and from that point conducted the marketing of the products of the company until August, 1920, at which time the Warren Tool and Forge Company, having grown into the largest plant in its line in the United' States, he removed his residence to Warren. He was also one of the organizers of the American Block Manufacturing Company, of Warren, of which he is also sales manager. Mr. Konold is a member of the Zaradatha Lodge No. 448, Free and Accepted Masons, at Sharpburg, Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Consistory Scottish Rite, and Syria Temple Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He is also a member of First Church of Christ, Scientist. Mr. Konold married Mary Edna, daughter of William Saints (and sister of Mrs. George F. Konolds, Sr.) of Pittsburgh. Two daughters have been born to them: Mary Elizabeth and Catherine May. JAMES B. DETCHON is a member of an old and prominent family of Mahoning County, in fact the Detchons were among the very first settlers in Boardman Township. That township was named for Elijah Boardman, who came from Connecticut about 1798. About the same time Oswald Detchon also came to Ohio, largely through the influence of Elijah Boardman. Oswald Detchon was a native of England, where the Detchon family had been established as French Huguenot refugees. Oswald Detchon married Ann Carr, a member of an old and aristocratic family of England. They had twelve children in all, two of whom were buried at sea when the family were coming over. Oswald Detchon on coming to the Western Reserve bought about 400 acres. He was a member of a home guard company during the War of 1812, and lived in Boardman Township until his death in 1836. Besides farming he employed his mechanical skill in the construction of two-wheeled carts and plows. Several of his sons became heads of families, including Solomon, William, Elijah and Thomas. His son Elijah married a Miss Kertner and had seven children. One of these was Oswald Detchon, who grew up on his father's farm, and spent his life in Boardman Township. He was a man of only ordinary education, stood above the ordinary in YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 805 stature and was highly prosperous in his business dealings as a farmer and livestock dealer. He married Sadie Squire, a native of New Castle, Pennsylvania. They had five children: May, wife of Charles G. Meek; James B.; Paul; Aubrey; and Zelda, who became the wife of Andrew Black. James B. Detchon was born at the old homestead in Boardman Township July 7, 187o, and lived in that locality until early manhood. As a boy he attended the district schools, employed his leisure time at farming, and on coming to Youngstown worked two years for an uncle in the grocery business. Part of that time he drove a delivery wagon. Then for a similar time he was employed by the McElroy Furniture Company. With this training and with a very modest capital Mr. Detchon began the manufacture of mattresses. His first plant was on Watt Street in the old Andrews Building. At that time he had a partner, but some months later became sole proprietor. In 1910 he moved to Northwest and Tod avenues, where he utilized a brick building 5o by toy feet, with three floors. The industry employed about twenty-one people, and had an annual business valued at about $150,000. Mr. Detchon continued this business until October, 1919, when he sold. Mr. Detchon is a member of the Methodist Church, is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias and is a democratic voter. December 20, 1893, he married Miss Bessie McKinnie, of Youngstown. They have two sons, Randall and Carl. DAVID R. WARD. Prior to 1907, David R. Ward was a mechanical engineer of Newark, New Jersey, but in that year he came to Ohio and after a short period spent at Youngstown, connected himself with the Morgan Spring Company of Struthers. While with this concern Mr. Ward conceived the idea of inventing a special nail and after he had perfected his idea, he took out the necessary patents, and subsequently was granted other patents for improvements all worked out by him, and also for multiple blade centrifugal blowers which are largely in use in mines; a mechanical stoker used with powdered coal ; an air or steam jet feed for steam boilers, but his compound heading nail machines are what yield the biggest returns and are regarded as his finest work. These patents are manufactured and owned by The Ward Nail Company, which was organized at Youngstown in 1908, and removed to Struthers in 191o. The present output of the nails of special big head, assorted sizes, aggregate 25,000 kegs annually, and employment is given to from 25 to 3o employes. The wire used in the production of these nails is of the best quality and secured from the Youngstown Steel and Tube Company. The product of the Ward Nail Company is marketed direct to roofing manufacturers. The Ward Nail Company was incorporated on August 4, 1908, with a capital stock of $100,000, with Bruce R. Campbell, president; David R. Ward, vice president and general manager ; and Louis S. Baldwin, secretary and treasurer. The stock is owned locally, and the company is recognized as being one of the sound institutions of Mahoning County. Mr. Ward is a director of the Struthers Chamber of Commerce, and has always taken the deepest interest in the progress of the village. Unlike so many inventors, Mr. Ward is a practical business man and has been able to profit by the product of his genius. His invention of these special nails as well as his other patents, show that he is a born, as well as trained mechanic. The value of them was recognized by men of capital and he had no difficulty in obtaining financial backing, and of placing them on the market. Mr. Ward is married and has one son, Philip R., who after being graduated from the Struthers High School, became a student of the Ohio State University at Columbus. Fraternally Mr. Ward maintains membership in the Knights of Pythias, and is held in high esteem in his lodge as he is elsewhere for he is a man of such personality as to win and hold the confidence of all with whom he is brought in contact. JOHN R. THOMAS. For over half a century the name Thomas has been a significant one in the industrial affairs of the Mahoning Valley, particularly at Niles. The family of that name have given life and vigor to several -thriving manufacturing concerns in the valley. The founder of the family was the late John R. Thomas. Born in Wales in 1834, he came to the United States in 1866, and for two years lived in California. Then, after revisiting Wales, he brought his family to the United States and established his home in Youngstown. In 1872 he founded the Niles Fire Brick Company, moving to that city in 1873, and Niles remained his home practically the rest of his life. He died at Niles in 1898. John R. Thomas was a man of unusual force. His education was pearly altogether acquired at night schools, but he had a native intelligence, a tremendous energy and an •ambition to master many subjects that combined in an unusual character. He was a natural mechanic, had a practical knowledge of blacksmithing; brick making and laying, stone masonry, and a working knowledge of numerous arts and crafts. He possessed a magnificent physique and appearance and an abundance of vitality and energy. He was one of the few men who brought his industries through the various panics with credit unimpaired. In 1878 he bought the William Ward furnace at Niles. This later became known as the Thomas furnace, and was subsequently sold to the National Steel Company. In the meantime Mr. Thomas had increased its capacity from 25 to 320 tons. While he continued the manufacture of fire brick, he was more widely known as a furnace man over Eastern Ohio. John R. Thomas was a Unitarian in religious belief, and was a strong advocate of temperance at a time when temperance was an unpopular topic. He married in Wales Margaret Morgan. She was born on the farm Brynlloi, which has an interesting history dating from the Reformation. The children of John R. Thomas and wife were nine in number. Five are still living, the oldest being John M., president of the Thomas Furnace Company of Milwaukee. The second son is Thomas E. 806 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY Thomas, of Niles. W. Aubrey Thomas is president of the Jenifer Iron Company at Jenifer, Alabama. Margaretta is the wife of Dr. T. 0. Clingan, of Niles, and Mary T. is Mrs. J. D. Waddell of Niles. Thomas E. Thomas, who was born in Wales, June 19, 1861, has lived in the Mahoning Valley since 1868. He acquired a public school education, supplemented with two years at Mount Union College. At the age, of fourteen he was doing regular work in the operating department of his father's brick plant at Niles. Brick making has been his business and profession ever since. He is one of the veterans of the industry in Ohio and is a practical master of every department of manufacture as well as a thorough executive. Other of his business interests ,that should be noted are his connection as vice president with the Niles Trust Company, treasurer of the Mahoning Valley Steel Company, vice president of the Thomas Furnace Company of Milwaukee and secretary and treasurer of the Jenifer Iron Company of Jenifer, Alabama. Mr. Thomas is a Knight Templar Mason, a member of the Youngstown and Youngstown Country clubs, the Niles Chamber of Commerce and the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce. He married Miss Adaline Robbins, daughter of Tilghman T. Robbins of Niles. They had one child, which died in infancy. JOHN H. FITCH, who died May 25, 1919, had more than a long and fruitful career in business affairs. He probably never handled any undertaking without some element of success from a strict business standpoint, but on the whole his enterprise was productive of general good to the community in which he lived. Before and since his death he has been recognized as one of Youngstown's most public-spirited citizens and philanthropists. He was the founder and for many years the guiding spirit in the John H. Fitch Company, one of the largest wholesale grocery and coffee houses in Ohio. Mr. Fitch spent practically all his life in Mahoning County. He was born a mile west of Austin-town Center, February 5, 1843, and was seventy-six years of age at the time of his death. His parents lived on a farm now owned by George Jordan. John H. Fitch had a rural environment during his youth, attended the township schools to the age of fifteen, and then served an apprenticeship in the store of Levi Crum at Austintown, beginning in the fall of 1851. The first year he was paid $5 a month. He remained with that establishment until he was twenty-two, and in 1865 embarked upon an independent career by the purchase of a half interest in the old store, the title of which became Crum & Fitch. As a youth he had busied himself with bookkeeping, waiting on the trade, looking after the horses, and never considered any useful work too small for his attention. By 1871 he had become sole owner of the Austintown business. In 1880 he sold a half interest to Joe Smith and Louis W. Raver, the firm becoming Fitch, Smith & Company. About that time he bought a half interest in the company store at Leetonia, and was interested in that three years. Mr. Fitch came to Youngstown in 1885, and became associated with John T. McConnell in establishing a wholesale grocery business under the name Fitch & McConnell. They subsequently took in Samuel Phipp as a partner. In later years Mr. Phipp died and Mr. McConnell retired, leaving Mr. Fitch as head of the business. In October, 1885, the firm had bought out Bisman Sweeney, a firm of wholesale grocers in the Parmelee Block on West Federal Street. Mr. Fitch became sole owner and head of the John H. Fitch Company in August, 1895, and the buisness was incorporated in 1901. Of the authorized capital of $300,000, $200,000 was paid in. Mr. Fitch served as president and general manager until about four years before his death and then retired. In the meantime he had made this one of the largest concerns of its kind in the state. However, he had many other active business interests. He was president of the Youngstown Ice Company, the Youngstown Dry Goods Company, the Belmont Park Cemetery Association, was vice president of the Crystal Ice Company, a director of the First National Bank, of the Dollar Savings & Trust Company, and at one time was honored with the office of president of the Wholesale Grocers' Association of Ohio. Reared on a farm, he retained a kindly interest in agriculture all his days. He owned a valuable place of nearly 400 acres at Austintown, and in later years spent most of the summer months there. His business associates and fellow citizens knew him as a man of sterling integrity and great business ability. A short time before his death he gave a practical expression to his interest in the Young Men's Christian Association by presenting the association with a tract of land near East Liverpool and pledging a sum sufficient to maintain a boys' camp, "Camp Fitch," for five years. He also gave a school site to the centralized school building in his home town of Austin-town. During 1899-1900 he was chairman of the Republican County Committee, and was affiliated with the Elks and the Odd Fellows and a member of the Youngstown Club. June 21, 1866, Mr. Fitch married Miss Alice Packard, daughter of Dr. John A. and Caroline (Tibbit) Packard of Austintown. Mrs. Fitch, who survives her honored husband, became the mother of four children : Stella G.. wife of Fred G. King; Minta M., wife of Rev. Walter S. Goode; Paul P., who died in 1918; .and John H., Jr. SAMUEL B. CLEGG is the senior partner in the firm of Clegg Brothers, flour, feed and produce merchants of Youngstown. He has been actively identified with that line of business nearly forty years. He was born in New York State in 1857, was reared and educated there, and when about twenty-one years of age came to Youngstown. His first employment was with the Pennsylvania Railroad, after which he was in the grocery business, and in 1882 became associated as a partner in the firm of J. B. Brownlee and Company. In 1888 he bought Mr. Brownlee's interests, and since then he and his brother Charles have been associated as Clegg Brothers. Mr. S. B. Clegg has also been identified with other local business enterprises, including the Mahoning Builders Supply Company, the Charles Miller & Corn- YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY - 807 pany, stave manufacturers, and the Wilkins Leonard Hardware Company. He is a member of the Youngstown Chamber of Commerce, is a Mason, Knight of Pythias, an Elk, and has served as a member of the board of trustees of Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church. S. B. Clegg married in 1880 Emma S. Canfield, of Youngstown. Their two children are George R. and Henrietta. CHARLES R. CLEGG, who is engaged in the flour, feed and produce business, is at the head of one of the largest industries of its kind in Youngstown. This city has known him for many years and claims him among her pioneers, for Youngstown contained but 15,000 inhabitants when he cast his lot with the young and growing town, and has witnessed and taken part in its development into one of the principal business centers of Ohio. Charles R. Clegg was born in Davenport, New York, November 26, 1860, a son of Samuel and Anna (Jeffrey) Clegg, farming people of Otsego County, New York, and on the home place there this son grew to manhood's estate, assisting with its varied duties during the summer months and attending the neighboring district school during the winter months. But on attaining the age of twenty he left the old parental home, and coming to Youngstown became the foreman in the jobbing house of A. B. Brownlee & Company. In 1888, in partnership with his brother Samuel B., they purchased the Brownlee property, and from that time to the present have continued the business, dealing in flour, feed and produce. Thus for thirty-nine years Mr. Clegg has lived in Youngstown, engaged in the same business and in the same location, pursuing the even tenor of his way and confining his attention exclusively to his business interests. The Clegg brothers are exceptionally quiet, unassuming men, but in their unassuming way they represent the best of Youngstown citizenship. The name of Clegg Brothers, above all else, stands for commercial honesty. Charles R. Clegg was married in 1891 to Grace B. Hultz, of Poland, Ohio, and their marriage has been blessed by the birth of one son, Charles Myron Clegg. He married Ruth Standish, of Providence, Rhode Island, and has become the father of two sons, Charles M. and Miles Standish. TIMOTHY D. BALDWIN was born in Atwater, Ohio, of New England ancestry on March 3, 1827, and because of narrow circumstances at home began to earn his living at the age of sixteen by teaching school. He came to Youngstown in 1848 to be salesman in the "Iron Store" as the general store then conducted by the Youngstown Iron Company, which had built and was then operating the first rolling mill in the place, was called, and he married, in 1849, Lucretia Kirtland, daughter of Dr. Henry Manning, who was' connected with the company. His aptness for clerical work soon made him bookkeeper at the works, which he left after some years for a similar position with Arms and Murray at their store, and at the Eagle Furnace. While here he was, without solicitation on his part, elected county auditor, serving two terms from 1859 to 1863. As such he had charge of the enrollment for the draft throughout the county in the Civil war. The records of the office show the remarkable beauty of his old-fashioned penmanship, which was clear and graceful to the day of his death. After returning to Youngstown he was in business for a while on the west side, and later had charge in New York city for some years of the American Sterling Company, which manufactured silver plated ware. In 1879 he bought an interest in the spike works near the Valley mill, and after it was merged with the Arms, Bell and Company, he was treasurer of the Lowell Milling Company until he retired in 1896. Mr. Baldwin was of a very modest disposition but he won the respect of all by his faithfulness and sterling honesty. His fairness in all the relations of life was never questioned. He was a sincere Christian, and practiced the religion he professed as a member of the First Presbyterian Church for fifty-five years. His death occurred on October 21, 1903. DR. HENRY MANNING, for fifty-eight years identified with the development of the Mahoning Valley, was born at Lebanon, Connecticut, January 15, 1787, and after studying medicine came to Youngstown to again in 1843, he was a representative in the Legislaserved as surgeon on the staff of Col. Rayen, resuming his practice in Youngstown in 1813. Along with his practice, he was interested not only in farming, but also in a drug store established in company with Col. C. B. Wick in 1815. In 1819, and begin practice in July, 1811. In the War of 1812 he ture, and served as state senator in 1824. In 1854, on the death of Judge Rayen, he was made president of the Mahoning County Bank, and it was due largely to his clear insight and courage that this bank became on June 2, 1863, the First National Bank of Youngstown, the third national bank organized in the United States. Because of his wide acquaintance, his courage and his common sense, Doctor Manning was a leader in the commercial and industrial enterprises of the town. He assisted in 1839 in the construction of the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal, which furnished an outlet not only for the farm products of the district, but also for the pig iron which had been manufactured for some years, and for the block-coal which began to be mined in quantity two years later, and his name is the first mentioned of the twelve stockholders of the Youngstown Iron Company, which in 1846 built the first rolling mill in Youngstown. Perhaps the fact that only one of the twelve is said to have had any previous knowledge of the business accounts for the difficulties which this new enterprise encountered in its earlier years. It is also interesting to learn from one of his letters that in 1833 he made an effort to have lead pipe making established in Youngstown, believing from his observation in his practice that a large demand would be found for this product. He was a stockholder in the Cleveland and Mahoning Railway built in 1856, and later, as president of the two banks, did much to develop and encourage the coal and iron industries which were so greatly stimulated by the construction of the railroad. Failing eye-sight compelled him to relinquish the 808 - YOUNGSTOWN AND THE MAHONING VALLEY presidency of the bank in 1866, but he remained a director, and took a keen interest in all the affairs of the time until his death, which occurred on January 11, 1869. He was an earnest, sincere, Christian man, an elder in the First Presbyterian Church, and references in his letters to incidents of his practice ascribe recovery to the blessing of God rather than to his own skill as a physician. He married in 1814 Lucretia, daughter of Jared and Lois (Yale) Kirtland, who died in 1819, and (2nd) in 1821, Mary, daughter of Asa and Hannah (Lord) Bingham who died in 1846, and (3rd) Mrs. Catherine M. A. (Mitchell) Ruggles.