368 - TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO

CHAPTER II.

INDUSTRIAL GROWTH.

FIRST GRISTMILL.

The first mill for grinding grain, and with it a saw-mill, was built on Mill creek, at the Mahoning falls, about three miles southwest of the city. We give a brief sketch of this mill and its history, as written by the late William Powers, son of Isaac Powers, one of the millwrights:

One Sunday morning in August, 1797,. two men assisting the surveyors, Isaac Powers and Phineas Hill, who had both joined the surveying party with the same object in view, to-wit : a selection of land for themselves and friends, left the cabin near Spring common, crossed the Mahoning, following it up to the mouth of Mill creek, and then proceeded up that stream to the falls, now called Mahoning falls. It is probable they were the first white men to discover the falls. In those days a water-power, with a given amount of land suitably located, was esteemed of great value. And here, with a fall of twenty-seven feet and an apparently inexhaustible supply of water, was presented to the explorers the most valuable site for a mill they had ever seen. It was arranged between them that Mr. Hill was to have the exclusive right to negotiate with Mr. Young for the purchase of it, as Mr. Powers, although a millwright, had selected for himself and members of his father's family land above and below the center of the township, on which they afterwards settled. On their return to camp, Mr. Hill, without telling Mr. Young what they had discovered, tried to make a contract with him for three hundred acres embracing the falls. Mr. Young, led by the anxiety of Mr. Hill to purchase, arrived at the conclusion that there was something more valuable in that tract of land than he knew of, and refused to sell the land before seeing it. Mr. Hill then told him what he had seen. After an examination Hill purchased the land at a price previously talked of, with the provision in the conuract, "that he, the said Hill, was to erect a saw-mill and something that would grind corn within eighteen months from the date of the contract." In pursuance of this agreement preparations were at once made to commence the building of the mill. A rude cabin was built by Abraham Powers, then of Beaver county, Pennsylvania, who With "his son Isaac, took the contract to build the mill. On being shown the contract, he informed Mr. Hill that for $50 he could put in something that would grind corn,, which he did.

The mill-stones were procured and dressed by Abraham Powers and made, from a rock found in the vicinity of the crossing of Holmes street and Lincoln avenue in the city. The rock was what is called "nigger-head," in common parlance, of about the size of the ordinary three-foot stones now used, the splitting of which made the top and bottom stones.

The saw-mill was of the ordinary wheel-mill pattern, with the exception that the shaft of the gig wheel, instead of being movable at the top, as is usual, to throw into gear with the rag wheel, was stationary, and the rag wheel was movable in its stead. On the top of the shaft of the gig wheel was the spindle that connected the runner stone of the grist-mill.

It is highly probable that the first blasting by powder in the Western Reserve was at the building of this mill. It was necessary, in putting in the foundations and cutting the head race, to remove rock to some extent.

This mill experienced the fate of most of the early mills, and, in fact, of most mills in many respects. The original log mill was taken down and a frame mill erected. It. was altered, enlarged, changed owners several times, burned down once or more, rebuilt, then enlarged, furnished with the latest improvements, and is now a large, handsome frame structure, doing a good business. It is known as Lanterman's mill, from the name of its owner, German Lanterman, an old, prominent, and much esteemed citizen of Youngstown, the son of an early pioneer.

PICTURE OF JOHN M. EDWARDS

TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO - 369

The second mill on Mill creek was built some distance below the falls a few years later, and was known as the Parkhurst mill, probably from the name of the owner, and also as the White mill, probably from its color. It was a small affair and long ago was washed away by a heavy freshet or flood in the stream, which empties a large tract of country on the south, and is liable to sudden floods covering the bottoms, and, in places, widening the creek to a river.

FIRST VILLAGE MILL.

The first mill in the village was built by Caleb Plumb, a miller or millwright, probably both, from the State of New York, soon after the settlement of the township, and according to differ ent traditions, between 1801 and 1804. It was built on a tract of about an acre of land, situated south of the road, running west from Spring common bridge and extending east to the middle of the river, which he purchased of James Hillman, it then being part of Hillman's farm, and for which he received a deed from Hillman, dated October 16, 1806. The east half of the river, and the east bank, Plumb purchased of John Young, by deed dated January 3, 1804, which recites that " for the consideration of $1, and for divers other considerations, such as to promote the interest and convenience of a new settlement by encouraging the erection of gristmills, saw-mills, and all other useful water works in the township," he conveys to said Plumb the following tract of land "beginning in The middle of the Mahoning river on the south side of the highway leading from Spring common, in said township, across said river, and running down the middle of said river to the intersection of a line running across said river in a due west direction from the southwest corner of lot number three, in the west division of out-lots in said town plat, thence due east to the west side of Spring street, thence to the south side of the first before-mentioned highway, and then on the south side of said highway to the place of beginning."

Plumb built a rude dam and erected log buildings for saw and grist-mills, put in the machinery, and had them in operation about 1804. Dr. Charles Dutton became connected with him in. building or operating the mills, and about 1806 bought him out, and Plumb returned to New York. The saw-mill disappeared long ago. The grist-mill had different successive owners and varying fortunes. It developed into a fair sized frame building, and was known as the "Red mill." It was burned down in 1855.

Homer Baldwin purchased the site, rebuilt it in 1859 much larger than before; has made successive additions and improvements, and now, as the " City mill," it is a large, handsome, and conspicuous frame structure, furnished with all the latest processes invented for n aking the finest grades of flour, and has a capacity of two hundred barrels of flour daily.

DIAMOND MILL.

This mill, also the property of Hornet- Baldwin, has a history. About 185— Morse & Co. erected a large frame mill on Yellow creek, in Poland township. It was located several miles from any railroad, and was unprofitable. In 1866, a company composed of Anson Bentley, Manuel Hamilton, George Nold, James McCartney, Abraham Powers, and William Powers, under the firm of Bentley, Hamilton 8: Co., purchased the mill and removed it, piecemeal, to Youngstown. They 1e-erected it on the west side of Market street, a few rods north of the public square or diamond, and south of and adjoining the New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio railroad, naming it the Diamond mill. It was operated by this company a few years, and then by Nold, Brown & Co. In 1872 it was burned down, and its owners soon after erected a brick building on the site, as near fire proof as possible, and fitted it up with the latest and best machinery then in use for making flour. It was operated by this company, with some change of partners, until 188o, when it was purchased by Homer Baldwin, by whom it was enlarged, furnished with additional and improved machinery, and is now in full operation with a daily capacity of three hundred barrels of flour.

The Market-street mill, one at the mouth of Mill creek, and others, were built and operated for a time, but have been washed away, burned down or discontinued.

PLANING-MILLS.

William Lindsey, a carpenter and leading contractor for erecting buildings, built and put in operation the first planing-mill about 1853. It was a large frame structure located near the east end of Front street. Steam was the motive

370 - TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO.

power of the machinery. It continued in operation for twenty years or more.

The second planing-mill was also started by William Lindsey, about 1859. He bought the Baldwin mill, as it was called, a flouring-mill which had been running on Mill creek in the the north part of Boardman, and moved the frame and wood-work to a site at the south end of Market street, on the north bank of the Pennsylvania and Ohio canal. Before he had finished putting in the machinery he sold it to Marstellar & Wallace, who completed the mill and ran it about four years. They then sold it to other parties, and it changed owners a few times until 1878, when John W. Ellis became its owner. In October, 1878, it was burned to the gr0und by a fire supp0sed to be accidental. Mr. Ellis immediately rebuilt of brick. The new mill, furnished with improved machinery, commenced running in April, 1879, and has been in successful operation since.

Other planing-mills, erected since 1860, are those of George Dingledy & Co., near the east end of East Federal street, on the south side, and of the Youngstown Lumber company, nearly opposite. Each of those in operation is doing a large business.

IRON MANUFACTURES-FIRST FURNACE.

Iron ore and limestone were known to be among the mineral deposits of the Mahoning valley, even before the settlement of the Reserve. In 1803 Daniel Eaton made arrangements, by obtaining right, to dig ore and make charcoal on and near the banks of Yellow creek, a small stream which flows into the Mahoning river from the south, to build a furnace on that creek, availing himself of its water power to drive his machinery. In that and the following year (1804) he built the Hopewell furnace, which was the first furnace in Ohio, or north of the Ohio river and west of Pennsylvania. This pioneer furnace was erected in the (then) township of Youngstown, although the site on which it stood, and where its ruins may be seen, is in the (now) township of Poland. The explanation is found in the fact that, at that time, the five miles square surveyed as township number one, in the first range, afterwards named Poland, with nine other surveyed townships, in the southeast corner of the Reserve, constituted the township of Youngstown, as organized for civil pur poses, at the court of quarter sessions of Trumbull county, at its first term, held in August, A. D. 1800.

In 1805 Robert Montgomery, who had explored the mineral resources, of the Mahoning valley, before 1ts survey into townships, and John Struthers, commenced building a second furnace on Yellow creek, a short distance below the Hopewell, on the land of Mr. Struthers. Robert Alexander, James Mackey, and David Clendenin became interested in it as partners, while it was building, or soon after. In 1807 Montgomery & Co. bought from Eaton the Hopewell furnace and all the ore, wood, and charcoal rights. It was run but a short time after they bought it. The second furnace was run until about 1812, when it went out of blast, and was neve1 operated afterwards. They were both charcoal furnaces.

David Loveland, who was born in 1801 and lived, until his death on February 9, 1878, about a mile from these furnaces, in a reminiscence of the Montgomery furnace, written down from his dictation in 1874 by Robert M. Hazelton, a grandson of Robert Montgomery, says: "I was there often with my father, and though a small boy can remember well how it was constructed. There was a very high dam across Yellow creek, and the machinery was driven by a large overshot wheel which was attached to a walking- beam over a Sampson post (or uptight pivot), very much as they drill for oil in our day. To this walking-beam was attached two plungers, and over it two large blowing-tubs, and from them the blast was transmitted to the furnace cold, hot blast being then unknown. The iron then made was cast into kettles of various kinds, hand-irons, etc."

Thomas Struthers, son of John Struthers, above named, in 1875, then seventy-two years of age, in a communication to the Mahoning Valley Historical society says: "These furnaces were of about equal capacity and would yield about two and a half or three tons each per day. The metal was principally run into moulds for kettles, bake-ovens, stoves, flat-irons, hand-irons, and such other articles as the needs of a new settlement required, and any surplus into pigs and sent to the Pittsburg market. They were, I believe, the first blast furnaces built in the State of Ohio, certainly the first on the Reserve. The former (the "Hopewell"), it is said, had for one

TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO - 371

side the natural work of the bluff against whist it was built, and for that or other reasons was: fickle in its working, and probably did not lase long. I have no recollection of ever seeing it in blast. The latter (the Montgomery) continuer to work until 1812, when the men were drafter into the war, and it was never started again."

The "Anna," a mineral coal furnace built in 1869 by the Struthers Iron, company, of which Thomas Struthers was a member, on the old Johr Struthers' farm and hut a short distance from the site of the Montgomery furnace, is its successor and shows, in contrasting it with the latter, the wonderful improvements made in less than three quarters of a century in iron manufacturing, b) its yield of about one hundred tons of pig iror daily. It is now owned by Brown, Bonnell & Co. of Youngstown.

Those two old furnaces, the Hopewell erecter in the early days of Youngstown, and the Mont gomery erected in Poland, shortly after it was detached from Youngstown, were the forerunner: of the great and constantly growing iron industry of the Mahoning valley, of which the Youngs town of to-day is the center, and to Dan Eaton Robert Montgomery, John Struthers, Jame: Mackey, Robert Alexander, and David Clen denin, should be accorded the high honor o being the pioneers of that industry. Biographi cal Sketches of Messrs. Eat0n, Montgomery, ant Mackey will be found elsewhere in this work.

MILL CREEK FURNACE.

The first furnace in Youngstown, as now or ganized, was built about 1826, on Mill creek, short distance below the falls, by Dan Eaton, of by him in connection with members of his ram ily. It was a charcoal furnace. Afterwards Johr Kirk and Edward R0ckwell, merchants o Youngstown, purchased an interest, and it was run by Eaton, Kirk & Rockwell. It changer owners, and came into possession of Pittsburg .parties, and about 1846 or 1847 it was recon structed to use bituminous coal as fuel. It was thus run for a time. But the expense of trans portation, in wagons, of coal from the mines in a distant part of the township, and of ore ant limestone from the canal, and of pig-iron to the canal, from two to three miles, was so great tha there was no profit in running it. The furnace was blown out, the machinery removed, and the building has disappeared.

THE EAGLE, THE FIRST BITUMINOUS COAL FURNACE.

The next furnace in Youngstown, and the first erected for the reduction of iron ore by using bituminous coal as fuel, and Which may properly be termed the pioneer of the iron industries now existing in Youngstown, was built in 1846, by William Philpot, Jonathan Warner, David Morris, and Harvey Sawyer, and called the Eagle furnace. The first stone coal furnace in Ohio was the "Mahoning," built in Lowellville, in Poland township, about five miles southeast from the Public square in Youngstown, in 1845-46, by Wilkenson, Wilkes & Co. By experiment they had ascertained that the coal of the Mahoning valley, termed "block coal," could be used in its raw state, and without coking, as had been the practice, for smelting iron ore. Finding abundant deposits of that coal, with limestone, ore, etc., near Lowellville, they selected that place as the site of their furnace. It was located adjoining the Ohio & Pennsylvania canal.

The "Eagle" was the second "hard coal" furnace on the Reserve, and probably in Ohio or the United States. It was located northwest of the city limits of Youngstown, and southeast of Brier Hill, on the east bank of the canal, on land purchased of Dr. Henry Manning. The coal was mined on land of Dr. Manning, adjoining the furnace lot. The contract giving the company the right to mine the coal was the first "coal lease" made in the township. The royalty paid was one cent per bushel for the first twenty-five thousand bushels, and one-half cent per bushel for all over twenty-five thousand bushels dug in any one year, and to mine not less than seventy-five thousand bushels per year, or to pay for that quantity if not mined ; the money paid for coal not mined in any year to be applied on the excess mined in any other year ; the bushel of coal to weigh seventy-five pounds ; the lease to be in force for twenty years. This furnace has been enlarged and improved and is still in active operation. The present owners are Cartwright, McCurdy & Co., in connection with their rolling mill.

The next furnace was the Brier Hill, built by James Wood & Co., of Pittsburg, in 1847, a short distance northwest of the Eagle furnace. The coal was furnished by David Tod from his Brier Hill mines. In 1861 Mr. Tod purchased the

372 - TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO.

furnace. It is now owned by the Brier Hill Iron and Coal company.

Other furnaces were built as follows: In 1859 Grace No. r, and in 1860 Grace No. 2, by the Brier Hill Iron and Coal company, at Brier Hill; in 1854 Phoenix, by Crawford & Howard; and in 1856 Falcon, by Charles Howard, both on the flat in the southwest part of the city. Both are now owned by Brown, Bonnell & Co., and connected with their rolling mills. In 1859 Himrod No. 1, in 1860 Himrod No. 2, and in 1868 Him- rod No. 3, on the line of the New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio railroad, north of East Federal street, and west of Crab creek, by the Himrod Furnace company. In 1867 Hazelton No. 1, and in 1868 Hazelton. No. 2, by Andrews & Brothers, at Hazelton, on the line of the Pittsburg & Erie railroad, and near the south line of Youngstown township. They are connected with a rolling mill recently located near the furnaces by Andrews Brothers & Co. In 1879 a furnace on Crab creek, in the northeast part of the city, by the Mahoning Valley Iron company, near its rolling mill and connected with it.

FIRST ROLLING-MILL.

In 1846 the Youngstown Iron company erected the first rolling-mill in Youngstown, or on the Reserve, and perhaps the first in Ohio, in which bituminous coal was used as the fuel. It was located on the north side of what is termed the "Flat," on the north side of the Ma- honing river, in the southwest part of the city, on the north side of and adjoining the canal. The stockholders of the company were Henry Manning, William Rice, Henry Heasley, Hugh B. Wick, Henry Wick, Jr., Caleb B. Wick, Paul Wick, James Dangerfield, Harvey Fuller, Robert W. Tayler, Isaac Powers, and James McEwen, only one of whom had been engaged in the iron business previously, or were practically acquainted with it. They were men of energy and enterprise, employed workmen skilled, as they supposed, in the business, and put their mill in operation in the spring of 1846. It was operated by this company a few years, and then for reasons satisfactory to the company it was suffered to remain idle for a time. In 1855 a company of practical iron workers from New Castle, Pennsylvania, consisting of Joseph H. Brown, William Bonnell, Richard Brown, and Thomas Brown, under the firm name of Brown, Bonnell & Co., purchased the mill for $25,000, and put it into operation. At that time it only consisted of the " old mill," as it is now termed, and contained four puddling furnaces, two heating furnaces, one annealing furnace, eight nail machines, one muck train, nail plate mill and a ten-inch bar train. The capacity of the work's was seven tons of finished iron and nails per day.

Additions and improvements were made, new partners taken in, and, in 1875, the copartnership was incorporated as "Brown, Bonnell & Co.," by which name the business is still conducted, although not one of the original partners is now a stockholder of the company. The "old mill " constitutes but a small fraction of the present mill, whose buildings cover acres of ground, and which gives employment to about eighteen hundred hands in its various departments and the three blast furnaces connected with it, and four hundred and thirty men in its mines.

The officers of the company (in 1882) are Herbert C. Ayer, president; F. H. Matthews, vice-president and treasurer; Asa W. Jones, secretary ; John J. Williams, general superintendent ; H. C. Ayer, F. H. Matthews, A. W. Jones, J. J. Williams, Ralph J. Wick, D. P. Eells, C. A. Otis, Amasa Stone, W. H. Harris, directors. Daily average of pig iron, two hundred and twenty-five tons ; of finished iron, two hundred and fifty tons. The mill makes bar, sheet, and plate iron, nails and spikes, fish plates, links and pins, etc.

ENTERPRISE ROLLING MILL.

The second rolling mill was built in 1863 in the northwest part of the city, and adjoining and on the east of the canal, by Shedd, Clark & Co., a firm composed of Samuel K. Shedd, William Clark, Edward Clark, James Cartwright, and Richard Lundy, who named it the Enterprise rolling mill, but in popular parlance it was known as the "Little mill" to distinguish it from the larger Brown, Bonnell & Co. mill. It is now owned and operated by Cartwright, McCurdy & Co., an incorporated company composed of James Cartwright, William H. McCurdy, Charles Cartwright, Samuel J. Atkins, William B. Hazeltine, and William R. Parmele, with a capital of $320,000. This mill has been greatly enlarged, and the "little mill" of 1863 can scarcely be found in the large mass of buildings which now

TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO - 373

constitute the works. The number of hands employed is about six hundred. Hoop iron is made a specialty, although various other kinds of merchant iron are manufactured. Other rolling mills have been built, as follow : In 1870 the Youngstown rolling mill was built by an incorporated company of that name, northwest of the city. It also makes hoop-iron a special manufacture. In 1871 the Wick & Ridgeway Iron company built a large mill on Crab creek, northeast of the city, for rolling railroad iron; but in 1875 its fires were suffered to go out in consequence of the cessation of railroad building and the demand for rails. In 1879 it was purchased by the Mahoning Valley Iron company, of which Henry O. Bonnell, W. Scott Bonnell, Richard Brown, former members of Brown, Bonnell & Co., Charles D. Arms and others are members, and has since been operated, not as a rail mill, but for the manufacture of other varieties of rolled iron.

In 1881 Andrews Brothers & Co., a firm composed of the brothers Chauncey. H., Lawrence G., and Wallace C. Andrews, Lucius E. Cochrane and James Neilson, moved to Hazelton, in the southeast part of Youngstown, from Niles, a 1olling mill which had there been operated by the Niles Iron company, of which part of the firm were component parts. The mill has been re-erected, with additions and improvements, and is now in operation. The number of men employed in the mill and two blast furnaces connected with it is about five hundred.

OTHER INDUSTRIAL WORKS.

Concurrent with our furnaces and rolling mills, from year to year other industrial works have been erected and are in operation. Among them we mention, without sketching their his• tory, as prominent and extensive, the William Anson Wood Mower and Reaper works, one of the largest in the United States, and whose manufactures are exported to Europe; William Tod & Co.'s and Booth, Millard & Co.'s Foundry and Machine works, Arms, Bell & Co.'s Nut and Washer works, Morse Bridge works, Car works, Malleable Iron works, Forsyth Scale works, C. H. Andrews & Co.'s Stove works, Woodworth, Lane & Co.'s Glass Rofing works, Youngstown Carriage and Wagon works, and many others.

GROWTH IN POPULATION.

We now sketch the. progress in population of the township, and, from facts and figures before us, present its growth numerically in successive periods. By public and private records and by tradition we learn the names of many, perhaps most of the earliest inhabitants. A few names of those of 1800 are familia1 : John Young, James Hillman, George Tod, Isaac Powers, Daniel Shehy, William Rayen, Caleb Bald vin, John Rush, Joseph Williamson, James Gibs m, James McCoy, Joshua Kyle were all prominent men, most of whom are represented at this day by numerous descendants, who are, as ',were their ancestors, among our active business an I honored citizens, both men and women.

But we have no record of the number of those pioneers who were in 1800 laying the foundations and beginning the building of the thriving, industrious, enterprising, and rapidly-growing city and township of 1882. We have however, a copy from the records of Trumbull county, of the list of inhabitants taxed on the it chattel property in 1803, and the amount of tax charged against each. The list contains, probably, the names of nearly all the male citizens of twenty- one years of age and upwards, and is valuable, in several respects, as a part of the history of the township. It is as

follows:

John Aga

Henry Brown

William Burr

Aaron Clark

Christopher Coleman

Nathaniel G. Dabney

James Davison

Thomas Dice

Samuel H. Duncan

Thomas Ferrol

James Gibson

Samuel Hayden

Henry Hull

Thomas Kirkpatrick

Joshua Kyle

Daniel McCartney

John McDole

William Potter

William Rayen

Benjamin Ross

Henry Sawyer

Matthew Scott

Daniel Shehy

Martin Tid

Joseph Williamson

Joseph Wilson

$ .09

.80

.77

.58

.18

.40

.74

.40

.40

.24

1.15

.60

1.00

1.36

3.00

.30

.40

.80

.10

.80

.20

.60

2.09

.12

.28

.52

John B. Bissell

Samuel Bryson

Samuel Calhoun

Alexander Clark

Michael Crammer

Samuel Davenport

John Dennick

John Duncan

Andrew Donaldson

Michael Fitzgerald

Daniel Gray

James Hillman

Andrew Kirkpatrick

John Kyle

Moses Latta

James McCoy

Jesse Newport

Isaac Powers

Josiah Robbins

John Rush

John Sawyer

Robert M. Scott

Robert Stevens

Leffard Thompson

James Wilson

John Young

$ 2 54

1.30

.56

.40

.20

4.62

.20

.08

.40

.20

.12

.37

.80

.40

.32

.09

.25

.80

.45

.61

.65

.40

.80

.40

1.08

4.45

Total

$40.41

In this connection and as the comparative

374 - TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO.

value of chattel property in each township and consequently the advancement in settlement at that time, we give the amount of tax in other townships taken from Trumbull county to

form Mahoning county :

Poland - $48.24

Boardman - 17.47

Austintown - 9.22

Canfield - $36.93

Coitsville - 14.95

Jackson - 3.07

Ellsworth, Berlin, and Milton, are not mentioned in the list.

At the first pioneer reunion, held in the opera house, in 1874, a letter was read from Roswell M. Grant, who was an uncle of General Grant, and whose father was a pioneer of Youngstown, in which he gives a list of inhabitants of Youngstown village between 1805 and 1810, and the location of their places of residence or business, which we copy, adding explanations. "Commencing on Federal street, at its west end, was John E. Woodbridge, tanner." At his death the property was sold to John Smith, now deceased, and is occupied by his children. The residence built by Mr. Woodbridge has been remodeled, and on the part of the lot used for the tannery, now stands the extensive brewery of John Smith's sons. "Then coming east, John Townsend, hatter, next, on the northwest corner of Federal street and the Holmes road," then called, now Holmes street, "William Rayen, farmer and inn-keeper," and afterwards merchant and post-master, colonel in the war of 1812, and judge of the common pleas. "On the north- ' east corner, William Sherman, hatter, opposite, on south side of Federal street, and east of Spring common, George Tod lawyer. South of Tod was John Hogue, tailor, and Moses Crawford," both on Front street. "On Federal street, east of Sherman, Mr. Abrams, chair-maker," afterwards occupied by Richard Young. "In the log building," now boarded, next west of present town hall, "Samuel Stewart, tavern," afterwards occupied by James Hillman as a tavern. "Opposite, Dr. Charles Dutton," a one- story frame building, one of the first built in the township, still standing some distance south of the street, but not now used as a residence. "Then on north side of Federal street, east of Stewart's," and on the site where McGillin's store now stands, "Caleb Baldwin," farmer, innkeeper and justice of the peace. "Then . Kilpatrick, blacksmith, Henry Wick, merchant," near present Wick's banking house. "Then Hugh Bryson, merchant," east of Diamond, on north side of Federal street. "Homer Hine, lawyer," south side of Federal street, between. Champion and Walnut streets; the house, frame, is still standing, but removed, to back of lot, site now occupied by a brick store building. "John P. Bissell, northeast corner Federal and Walnut streets," now known as Dr. Manning's house. "Then east, — Bruce, shoe-maker, and Rev. Mr. Duncan, Willian Thorn, cabinet-maker" where Tod house stands. In addition to the above houses, in the village, there were a few houses on the west side of the river, now in the city, and several farm houses in different parts of the township.

Dr. Jared P. Kirtland visited Youngstown in 1810. In a letter addressed to the managers of the first pioneer reunion, he describes its appearance at that time, and relates events which are interesting historically, and as comparing with the present, we quote from his letter:

June 11, 1810, dined with Dr. Charles Dutton in Youngstown, a sparsely settled village of one street, the houses mostly log structures, a few humble frame buildings excepted; of the latter character was the dwelling house and store of the late Colonel Rayen.

Dr. Kirtland was then on his way from Wallingford, Connecticut, to Poland, Ohio, and had spent the night previous at Adams' tavern in the township of Liberty, making his journey on horseback. After dining, Dr. Dutton mounted his horse, and accompanied him to Poland. Dr. Kirtland says :

No bridges then spanned the Mahoning. We passed over at Powers' ford (now Hazelton); the water high, and muddy from recent rains, but the doctor (Dutton) pointed out a rock in the river with its top barely above the water, which he said was an index that when the top appeared, it was safe to ford the stream. A small frame house, one story high, and painted with indigenous red ochre, stood near the present residence, a substantial brick house, one of the first built in the township, on the Isaac Powers farm. It was then occupied by him. Since, it has been moved down to the creek, and still serves as a dwelling place.

On the Stambaugh farm, at the four corners [of Youngstown, Boardman, Poland, and Coitsville], a small clearing, a fine young orchard, and a log house were observed. A view over the Mahoning valley; taken at this point, embraced, at that day, an unbroken wilderness. The public highway to the village of Poland had been already effectually cleared, and parts thrown up as a turnpike, but a universal bed of muck and mud.

Early in September, 1810, I attended a regimental muster in Youngstown. A war with Great Britain was in anticipation, and the Indians on the frontier were committing depredations. A thorough military spirit pervaded the country,

TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO - 375

and a full turnout of every able-bodied man was evident on the occasion. It was a matter of surprise to see an apparent wilderness furnish some six or seven hundred soldiers. The regiment formed with its right near Colonel Rayen's residence, and marched to a vacant lot between the main street and the Mahoning river, and was there reviewed. Simon Perkins was brigadier-general, John Stark Edwards brigadier-major and inspector, William Rayen colonel, George Tod adjutant, and John Shannon and McConnell were majors. A heavy fall of rain, after mid-day, seriously interrupted the exercises. No one, at that period, was disposed to evade his duties, and two years afterwards the efficiency and patriotism of that body of men was thoroughly and favorably tested.

The census of 1810 records the population of Youngstown township at 773, being the third township in population on the Reserve. Warren, with 875 inhabitants, was the first; Poland, with 837. second; Hudson, with 693, fourth ; Hubbard, with 674, fifth; Painesville, with 670, sixth; and Cleveland, with 547, was seventh.

In the Trump of Fame, the first newspaper of the Reserve, and published at Warren, of date of November 4, 1812, the vote of several of the townships, at the Presidential election held October 31, 1812, is given. Youngstown polls 76 votes, Warren 71, Poland 52, and Hubbard 46 votes.

In the Western Reserve Chronicle of October, 1819, a statement is published of the number of white males of twenty-one years of age and upwards, of several of the townships, and the vote at the previous election.

The census of Trumbull county in 182o, as taken by Jacob H. Baldwin, and published in the Western Reserve Chronicle of January 18, 1821, shows the following results:

White males - 8,140

White females - 7,352

15,492

Free black - 50

15,542

Number of inhabitants in 1810 - 8,671

Increase in ten years 6,871

We add the census of several townships in the order of population :

Youngstown - 1025 / Austintown- 720

Poland - 990 / Milton 673

Hubbard - 843 / Boardman - 604

Canfield - 787 / Coitsville - 541

Warren - 774 / Ellsworth - 508

Jackson - 188.

HOUSEHOLDERS IN 1826.

On May 22, 1826, James Hillman, Henry Manning, and William 0. Rice, trustees, divided the township into seven school districts and two fractional districts connected with districts in other townships. The township records describe the boundaries of those districts and .:numerate the householders in each. The location we state generally, without giving the boundaries, and.the names of the householders:

First district, included the village, a short distance north, farther to the south ar d east, in part to the township line. Number of householders—Richard Holland, Solomon Holland, Daniel Shehy, James Davidson, Homer Hine, John Loughridge, Peter Repsher, Margaret Mordock, Henry Manning, James McCartney, Henry Wick, Josiah Polley, Samuel Bryson, Abraham Lackey, Solomon Chapman, Mrs. Widow Fitch, Wilson Thorn, Jeremiah Scannel, William Wick, James- Hezlep, Peter Kline, Philip Kimmel, Rev. M. Harned, Daniel S. Morley, Robert Pollock, William Morris, Charles Dutton, Singleton King, George Hardman, Jonathan I. Tod, William Rayen, Jonathan Smith, James M. Smith, John Day, Moses Crawford, William Curts, Jonathan Edwards, John E. Woodbridge, Alexander McKinnie, George Cook, John Bissel, John Hayes, Robert Kyle, David LeRoy, Jacob B. Heaton, Levi Morley, Andrew McKinney, Daniel McDaniel, Samuel Hayden, Christopher Hayden, Josiah Polley, Jr., Mary Dabney, Peter Everett, Frederick Ague—Total fifty-four.

Second district, northeast part of township, including Crab creek. Householders—John Swauger, John Derrick, James Moore, Robert McDonald, Michael Storm, Isaac Swauger, Joseph Rees, Adam Swauger, Joseph Kerr, Thomas Watt, James Wilcox, John Kimmel, Daniel Thornton, Richard Young, William 0. Rice, Joseph Meglathery, Dorcas Caldwell, Noah Chamberlain, Thomas Pauley, Elizabeth Baldwin, Jeremiah Allen, Joseph Cartney, Erastus Cowdry, James Mackey, Edward Boyd, Christopher Sowers, Noah Chamberlain, Jr., Byron Baldwin, Neal Campbell, Kitty Bryson, Henry Matthews—Total thirty-one.

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Third district, north middle part of township, including Briar Hill. Householders — George Tod, Archibald Beggs, James Wilson, Andrew Wilson, James H. Protzman, James Beard, John Stambaugh, Justus Dunn, John Murburger, Peter Wurtz, Solomon Kline, Christopher Hollingsworth—Total twelve.

Fourth district, west middle of township. Householders—Thomas Ferrell, Alexander Kinkead, Marmaduke Bright, James Rayen, John Rush, John Rush, Jr., Eli Rush, John Madden, Joseph Williamson, James McKinnie, Stephen Baldwin, John Kyle, Cornelius Tomson, George Rastler, Philip Mikesel, Jacob Phister, John Gibson, Robert D. Gibson, James Gibson, Henry Meglathery, Thomas Kirkpatrick, Jonathan Stout, James Hillman, George Snider, Matthew Pool, Martha Knox, Francis Wooldley, Samuel Gibson, Pyatt Williamson—Total twenty- nine.

Fifth district, northwest middle of township. Householders — John Beard, John Bentley, James Tayler, William Smith, William Reid, Robert Holroyd, Elener Lightbourn, Anthony Ague, James Kyle, Josiah Robbins, Hugh Beard, Peter Wansetler, John Dougherty, Michael Ray- en, Alida Ransom, Jonas Foster, David Arner, Amos A. Stoddard, Joseph Paul, Daniel Schell, John Frederick, Jedediah Fitch, Moses Dray, Jacob Wycuff—Total twenty-four.

Sixth district, southwestern part of township. Householders—John Woods, William West, William White, Elisha Blake, John White, Joshua Kyle, James Price, William Hetfield, Mrs. Cleveland, James Fitch, John McCorkle, Joseph Osborn, George Stall, Phebe Cook, Anthony Osborn, Widow Ross, Thomas Potts, Isaac Heaton, James Beggs, James White, Luther Babbit, George Hull, Thomas Woodard, Jonathan Shores, Martha Woodard—Total twenty-five.

Seventh district, northwest part of township. Householders — John Hogge, Abram Powers, Jacob Powers, Joseph Willson, Eli Philips, Aaron Philips, Christopher Erwin, Robert Kinkaid, Crowell, Samuel Whice, John Brow- her, Aaron Osborn, Jr., Thomas Erwin, Abram Osborn, Aaron Osborn, Jacob Erwin, David Vestle, Lewis Swaney, Robert Kerr, Humphrey Goff, Widow Rigall, Thomas Davidson, Jesse Bailey, Robert Patrick, William Near — Total . twenty-five.

Fractional district, at Cornersburgh. Householders—Henry Hull, Jacob Hull, Samuel Turner, Nathaniel Swift, Abram Leach, Joseph Strock, Michael Hamson—Total seven.

Fractional district, southeast corner of township. Householders—Isaac. Powers, John Shannon, Frederick Hake, Joseph Kennedy--Total four.

The total number of householders enumerated in the township is two hundred and eleven.

In August, 1830, the householders in the several school districts were again enumerated and the number had increased to two hundred and forty-five.

We add a few more figures showing the vote and population, at intervals of time, up to 1880, when the last census was taken. In 1832, at the State election Youngstown polled 256 votes, and in 1843 were polled 360 votes. In the census of 1850, Youngstown enumerates 2,802 inhabitants; 5,377 in 1860, an increase of 2,575, or nearly doubling; 10,837 in 1870, an increase of 5,460, or more than doubling; and 21,171 in 1880, an increase of 10,334, or nearly doubling. The increase in population fo1 the thirty years from 1820 to 1850 was 1,057; for the thirty years from 1850 to 1880, it was 18,369. The population of the city in 1880 was 15431, of the township outside of the city 5,740. Since the census was taken in June, 188o, the population of both city and township has been rapidly increasing, and at this time (June, 1882) it is estimated at not less than 30,000.

BANKS AND BANKERS.

The well-known banking house of Wick Bros. & Co. was organized in 1857, by Paul Wick, his brother Hugh Bryson Wick, and a few others. Mr. H. B. Wick was formerly a member of the well-known Cleveland firm of Wicks, Otis & Brownell, afterwards H. B. & H. Wick. This last organization was dissolved in 1859, two years after starting here, since which time the Wick brothers have devoted their time to the banking business in Youngstown. Hugh Bryson Wick died April 22, 1880, leaving the charge of the house in the hands of his surviving brothers. The bank has always had its location at 38 Federal street ; is a private partnership, and has always had a sound business reputation.

The First National bank of Youngstown was

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organized June 2, 1863, and is a reorganization of the Mahoning County bank. It is one of the first organizations under the National banking system, being the third in number. The first organization was constituted in its management of Henry Manning president, William S. Parmelee vice president, John S. Edwards cashier. June 9, 1866, the following changes were made: William S. Parmelee was elected president, John S. Edwards vice president. In 1865, Robert McCurdy was elected cashier; which position he filled until January r, 1877, when he was elected its president, William H. Baldwin taking the former's place as cashier and Sheldon Newton that of the vice presidency. The bank started with $150,000, but has since increased its capital from time to time until it now amounts to $600,000.00.

The Second National bank was organized in the month of January, 1875, having for its officers at that time Henry Tod for president, T. K. Hall vice-president, G. J. Margerum cashier. Mr. Tod has continued its president ever since its organization, but about one year after that date Mr. C. H. Andrews became vice-president and H. M. Garlick cashier. The board of directors consists of the following gentlemen: Henry Tod, C. H. Andrews, William B. Sampson, William B. Pollock, A. W. Jones, H. M. Garlick, J. A. Smith, Andrew J. Vanness, Jonas Cartwright, T. W. Kennedy, John R. Grist.

The Youngstown Savings and Loan association was organized in October, 1868, under State law, Hon. David Tod being one of the prime movers in the enterprise, with a capital of $600,000, about one-third paid in. David Tod, president; J. H. McEwin, secretary and treasurer. David Tod died about one month after its organization, when Freeman 0. Arms was elected to the office, who, resigning, was succeeded several years afterwards by Joseph H. Brown. The Youngstown Savings and Loan association Was changed into the Mahoning National bank in February, 1877, with Joseph H. Brown president, and J. H. McEwin cashier. J. H. Brown resigned several years after, and Henry 0. Bonnell was elected, and is now president. The present officers are : H. 0. Bonnell, president ; Ge0rge Tod, vice president ; J. H. McEwin, cashier ; J. F. McEwin, assistant cashier.

The Commercial National bank of Youngstown is one of the most recent banks organized in the city, having a date for that event May 23, 1880. It began with a capital stock of $130,000, but on the 1st of July, 1881, increased this amount to $00,006. The officers elected are as follows : C. H. Andrews, president ; T. W. Sanderson, vice president ; G. J. Margerum, cashier.

MAHONING VALLEY MUTUAL RELIEF ASSOCIATION.

There was formed in Niles, April 4, 1877, a life insurance company under the above title. The following were chosen officers of the company: H. T. Mason, of Niles, president ; A. G. Bentley, of Niles, vice-presider t; J. H. Fluhart, secretary ; H. H. Mason, of Niles, treasurer ; Elder N. N. Bartlett, of Niles, manager of agencies ; Hon. L. D. Woolworth, of Youngstown, attorney, and Dr. D. B. Woods, of Warren, medical director. About the 1st of January, 1878, the office of the co npany was removed to Youngstown.

J. R. Seagrave was made secretary and still holds that position. The company has been growing steadily since its organization, And its field of operations extends over all northeastern Ohio: It is a peculiarity of this company that every applicant must undergo a rigid medical examination, and only those of sound body are admitted. The medical board are all men of known character and fitness—D. B. Woods, of Warren; A. P. McKinley, of Niles; and M. S. Clark, of Youngstown, are the physicians composing it. It is the policy of the company to afford cheap insurance by avoiding hazardous risks.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS.

The Tod house, the principal hotel in Youngstown, was built by John Stambaugh, Nelson Crandall, and the ions of the late Governor Tod, in the year 1870. It is a brick structure, four stories in height, above a stone basement surrounded by an open area. It stands on the corner of Market street and the southeast corner of Diamond square, fronting fifty feet on the former street, and seventy-five on the square, then contracting to forty-four feet in width. It extends seventy-two feet farther east, making a total length of one hundred and forty-seven feet. It has a good entrance from Market street, and contains, on each floor, office, halls, suites of

378 - TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO.

parlors with connecting rooms, and forty-eight bedrooms in all. There are also baggage rooms, together with reception and reading rooms, billiard halls, etc.

The gas works of Youngstown were constructed during the years 1866-67. The works with tank, gasometer, and the retort house (brick), and machinery, were soon built, and main pipes laid in the principal streets, with branch pipes and fittings in most of the business houses, and in many of the private residences. The return to the assessor of internal revenue for the first two months showed the amount of gas consumed to be 163,000 feet, not enough to pay expenses. In 1872 the works were greatly enlarged. A pit was made for a new gas receiver to be twenty feet in height by sixty feet in diameter, and in all about $30,000 were expended by the company. They had at this time about two miles of pipe, and a capacity of manufacturing about 00,000 feet of gas per day.

The opera house stands near the southwest corner of the Public square, in rear of the new bank building. Its dimensions are one hundred and ten feet in length, by seventy-eight feet in width. The walls rest on solid stone foundations, and are forty-six feet high and twenty-two inches thick. The front is of iron and the exterior appearance is very tasty and attractive, and as well as the interior arrangements, reflects great credit upon the architect. The auditorium is seventy-four feet square; the seating is admirably arranged, having a capacity of about fourteen hundred, with room for six hundred more on extra occasions. The parquette, dress circle, and family circle, are all provided with folding seats, of the Nolan patent. The frescoing is elaborate and beautiful; the ceiling of the dome is decorated with allegorical figures representing the drama, music, poetry, comedy, history, tragedy, painting, etc. The stage is thirty-six feet wide, and forty feet in depth, and is well supplied with scenery. Commodious and neatly furnished dressing rooms are connected with the stage, and every thing there, as elsewhere, is marked with a degree of perfectness.

The Youngstown Opera House company was organized in July, 1872. The officers of the company then were: William Powers, president; Henry Tod, vice-president; J. H. McEwen, secretary and treasurer.

STREET RAILWAY.

The street railroad in Youngstown extends from Watts street along Federal street to Brier Hill, and is something over two miles in length. It was built in 1875 and has since done a paying and increasing business. The officers are James Mackey, president; James Cartwright, vice-president; Alfred Smith, secretary and treasurer, and Joseph O'Neal, superintendent.