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416 - TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO CHAPTER VII. THE PRESS—SECRET SOCIETIES. The county seat contest which resulted in 1846 in the division of Trumbull county and the organization of Mahoning county brought into existence the first paper in Youngstown. It was also the first in the present territory of Mahoning county. The Olive Branch and New County Advocate made its appearance in the fall of 1843. It was a poor supporter of the cause which its title pledged it to support, and it is not improbable that for that reason it was poorly supported. In its files covering a period of three months, only a few items relate to the local issue which was then above all other issues. Under such circumstances little public support could he expected, and there being no official patronage its publication was soon suspended. THE OHIO REPUBLICAN made its appearance soon after the county was organized. It was published by A. Medbury and J. M. Webb, the latter being the chief editorial writer. In politics it represented pure Jacksonianism, and supported Polk's administration, opposed Taylor and devoted its energies during the campaign of 1852 to praising Franklin Pierce. It professed to have an eye single to the glory of the party, and if we are to believe the business statement of its publishers contained in the last issue found in the files of the county auditor's office, private funds were drawn upon to maintain its publication. A knowledge of the trials of these pioneers in the journalistic field in Youngstown may temper the appearance of more recent tribulations. The journalist never knows when he has a safe TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO - 417 investment. The Republican was removed to Canfield soon after the Presidential election in 1852, and combined with the Mahoning Sentinel under the name Mahoning Republican Sentinel. The Mahoning Sentinel had been established in 1852 by an association of citizens, with Ira Norris as editor. It subsequently passed through several changes of ownership and editorship until finally purchased by John M. Webb, and after a few years removed to Youngstown. It had before this taken its old name, the Mahoning Sentinel. The times were particularly adverse to Mr. Webb's enterprise. He made a strong fight and maintained a 1espectable standing during tare r campaign of 1860, but after the election of Lincoln and the secession of Southern States there was little room for an old line Democratic paper on the Reserve. The following appeared at the head of its editorial column in the issue of October 23, 1861: The Mahoning Sentinel is now the only Democratic paper in this county, senatorial or judicial district, the only paper on ihe Western Reserve supporting ihe regular Democratic ticket. Wealth, influence, and slander, each are being brought to bear to crush it out. The paper is not published purely as a pecuniary speculation, but for ihe success of genuine Union and Democratic principles, and therefore the unterrified and un-abolitionized people should rally to its support. It should be sustained instead of sustaining any withdrawal of support. Let the friends of the good cause, ihe honest Union men of this county and valley go to work and spread the old Sentinel. It seems, however, that the "honest Union men" did not respond enthusiastically to this appeal, for in the next issue we find this announcement: With this number of the Sentinel its publication is necessarily suspended for the present tfirough circumstances over which we have no control, but with which our patrons have to do. The presses stood idle until July 10, 1862, when the Sentinel again appeared. Its motto, printed in heavy black letters was: "The Constitution as it is and the Union as it was." If Mr. Webb had understood the axiom "While the battle is raging there is no time to talk," or that the only logic in war is cannon and musketry ; he probably would have spared himself the trouble of reviving his paper. Able as it was its political effect was inconsiderable, and its pecuniary returns must have been small. The Sentinel barely survived the Presidential election of 1864. Its place as a Democratic organ was not filled until the Vindicator made its appearance in 1869. During this time another paper obtained a substantial foothold, and was until recently the organ of the dominant party in the county. The Mahoning Register may be said to have had its beginning in the FREE DEMOCRAT, which was the first paper in the county representing abolition sentiment. It made its appearance December 31, 1852, with Edward D. Howard as editor, and M. Cullaton publisher. The paper in typographical make up was creditable, but editorially it lacked strength and vigor of expression. But in this respect it was not unlike most country papers of the period. Long drawn out, obscure editorials took the .place of news and strong, direct and concise expressions of current opinion. In the first issue of the Free Democrat a salutatory filled two columns, but the great political issues which were then absorbing pu )lic attention are not defined. The following paragraph is the only intimation of what the paper was to represent politically: The free Democratic party standing alone upon consistent and uncompromising anti-slavery ground ; acknowledging no other issue, and preferring honorable defeat to victory with sacrifice of principle; looking to the future as the harvest time of its labors, and waiting patiently for the winiry snows and summer suns to perfect the golden grain; stripped of its meretricious accessions of '48, was felt to be sironger and more vigorous than ever before. It is always interesting to study business methods. The newspaper man finds nothing more difficut than to push his paper into circulation. Mr. Cullaton's plan is explained by the following notice at the head of the first editorial column: All persons who receive this number, who are not already subscribers and not wishing to take the paper, will please return it by mail to our address immediately. We shall consider those who retain the copy as subscribers. The Free Democrat supported Samuel Lewis for Governor in 1853, and announced John P. Hale, of New Hampshire, as its candidate for President in 1856. Mr. Howard retired from the editorship in 1853, and in November of that year D. S. Elliott purchased the establishment. Edward D. Howard again became editor, January 5, 1855, and a few weeks later suspended publication. The political party of which it was the organ had ceased to exist. 418 - TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO. THE TRUE AMERICAN was the foll0wer of the Free Democrat, the latter being merged into the former. D. S. Elliott and J. M. Nash appeared as editors and publishers. It was a true representative of the old order of Know Nothingism in the days of the party of that idea. "Americans should rule America," was the party's platform and the paper's motto. The extension of slavery was incidentally opposed. A few sentences from the salutatory editorial may throw some light upon political history : In refusing to confer the elective franchise upon aliens we deprive them of no rights they ever had, and consequently no wrong is done to them. We offer them an asylum here from the oppression of their own rulers, but we do not invite them here to rule us, at least not until they have lived long enough among us to understand something of our country, and the principles of true Americanism. In self defense we contend for some check to the vast political influence which is every day placed in foreign hands unfit to wield it intelligently, and which is fast tending to the overthrow of our whole political system, and must, if continued in, ultimately reduce us to a by-word and reproach among the nations of the earth—a people having the power but not the will to govern their own country. That was a period of political change and it is not strange that a few months should find this paper supporting Chase and the Republican party. In anti-war times politics was the leading business of a country newspaper. A little agriculture was thrown in for diversion, and a few locals to fill up. It is not strange that this should be the case, for papers were sustained, not as at present, on legitimate business principles, but as party organs, supported as a kind of political beneficiaries. Mr. Nash withdrew from the True American in the fall of 1855, and Mr. Elliott sold the paper December 1, 1855, to Colonel James Dumars, of the Warren Chronicle. Colonel Dumars was a practical country journalist, a strong thinker, clear writer, and a cultured gentleman. He changed the name of his paper to MAHONING REGISTER, and made it the best journal the county had ever had. It was fully identified with the anti-slavery and Republican sentiment of the majority of people within the range of his constituency. During the war the Register was a welcome visitor to the camp of Mahoning soldiers. In its files during the war are contained many incidents from the field of local interest. John M. Edwards was associate editor of the Register during the latter part of Dumars' management. The paper changed hands April 1, 1865. V. E. Smalley & Co. purchased the office, Mr. Smalley assuming the editorship. Mr. Edwards continued as associate editor. Colonel Dumars, in his last issue, said of his successor: In vacating the chair editorial, the retiring editor asks for his successor that kindness and good will which have uni. formly been shown toward himself, feeling confident that it will be well deserved. The future editor, V. E. Smalley, has had considerable experience in the newspaper business, and is not altogether unknown to the readers of the Register, having been its associate editor a few months it 0863, and since that time an occasional correspondent from Washington city. He has also been connected with the editorial management of the Painesville Press and Advertiser and Cleveland Daily Herald, and will bring to the columns of the Register experience, energy, and ability that cannot fail to make it an able, interesting, and popular journal. Mr. Smalley, with the assistance of Mr. Edwards, fulfilled this prediction. In about one year R. E. Hull was associated with Mr. Smalley, and in September, 1868, J. F. Hudson joined the firm under the firm of Smalley, Hull & Hudson. Colonel Dumars engaged, after leaving Youngstown, in a journalistic venture in Memphis, Tennessee, which resulted unfortunately. In April, 1869, Mr. Smalley retired fr0m the Register, and in January, 1870, the firm became Hull & Hudson. Mr. Hull retired in December, 1871. During his five years connection with the paper it was enlarged twice and steadily grew in public favor. James F. Hudson continued sole proprietor until December 11, 1873, when C. A. Vaughan, A. R. Seagraves and W. H. Gault purchased the establishment. In May, 1874, W. L. Campbell purchased Mr. Gault's interest, Messrs. Seagraves & Campbell becoming the editors. It is necessary now to go back a short time in the chronological order of events to notice the YOUNGSTOWN TRIBUNE, a sprightly Republican paper, which made its appearance February 18, 1874, as a daily and weekly. The publishers were James M. Nash, J. R. Johnston, James K. Bailey, and L. F. Shoaf. Mr. Nash assumed editorial management and continued in that capacity until September, 1874, when W. H. Eckman succeeded him. In just one year after TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO - 419 its establishment the Tribune was consolidated with the Register under the name Youngstown Register and Tribune, the Register management continuing. THE MAHONING COURIER was established just after the war, by Patrick O'Connor & Bro. It was a vigorous Republican paper and divided Republican patronage with the Register until 1869, when its publication was suspended. THE MAHON1NG VINDICATOR, at present a leading Democratic paper in northern Ohio, made its first appearance in June, 1869. Youngstown had been without a Democratic pape1 for a long time, and the appearance of the Vindicator with the name of T. H. Odell as editor, had an encouraging effect upon the party. After about six months, Mark Shakey was associated with Mr. Odell, but retired in August, 1870. Mr. Odell retired from the paper in September, 1873, being succeeded by 0. P. Wharton, an old compositor in the office. J. H. Odell and William A. Edwards purchased the office in April, 1874, Mr Odell taking editorial charge. In February, 1875, S. L. Everett purchased the office. Mr. Brown purchased from Everett in July, 1875, and continued its publication until succeeded by Vallandingham & Clark in April, 1880. 0. P. Shaffer and 0. P. Wharton were employed on the editorial staff during Mr. Brown's management. Judge L. D. Thoman purchased Vallandingham's interest in April, 1881. The paper is now published and edited by Thoman & Clark. The paper's political expressions are positive" and emphatic, especially upon questions of party policy and management. THE YOUNGSTOWN COMMERCIAL was issued by Patrick O'Connor and L. F. Shoaf May 5, 1875. It suspended publication in about six months after that time. Patrick O'Connor began the publication of the NEW STAR May 28, 1879. It continued as a weekly journal and is the organ in the Mahoning valley of the National Greenback party. THE YOUNGSTOWN RUNDCHAU is the only German paper in the Mahoning valley. It was established by Hery Gentz, now. of Cleveland, August 1, 1874. R. Wilbrandt had charge of its editorial management during the first year. Since August 1, 1875, William F. Maag has been editor and .proprietor. He is a practical printer and before coming to Youngstown was employed in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The Rundchau has a circulation c of seventeen hundred and the office has a paying job printing patronage. THE FREE PRESS was established in 1881, by O. P. Wharton, formerly of the Vindicator. The first daily in Youngstown was the MINER AND MANUFACTURER, which first made its appearance as a daily in June, 1873. The weekly Miner and Manufacturer had been published for some time in the interest of the laboring men, Mr. A. D. Fassett being editor. During the strikes in 1873 Mr. Fassett took issue in favor of the strikers, which resulted in an attempt on part of a few business men to coerce him into a change of policy, by threatening a withdrawal. of patronage. The latter they had a perfect right to do and the editor told them so, but he emphatically denied them the right to interfere with his columns, and to give emphasis to his indignation, ordered them from his office. This circumstance, like all such attempts to interfere with the legitimate liberties of the press, gave the paper prestige by stiffening the confidence of its constituency, A daily issue was shortly after announced, and in due time made its appearance as a five-column folio, which sold at two cents. It attained a circulation of eight hundred, and was soon enlarged to six columns. It was a very respectable local paper and was well received until the daily Tribune was started in 1874, which was enabled by good financial backing to take the lead. The Miner and Manufacturer struggled along till November, 1874, when it suspended publication, the editor being chosen to the city editorship of the Daily Register, which was started in December, 1874. THE NEWS-REGISTER has an unusual history; we say unusual, because it seldom happens in journalism that a new aspirant for public favor, however worthy, can long withstand the strong opposition of an established organ unless there be room on the field for both. Experience has abundantly proved that there is 420 - TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO. not room for two Republican dailies in Youngstown. When, therefore, on the r6th of July, 1877, a six-column, 22x30 inch daily without dispatches, made its appearance, conservative newspaper men were disposed to remark that history was given another chance to repeat itself. The News first appeared as a local daily, and was published by an association of compositors composed of R. E. Hull, W. S. Styleman, E. K. Hull, Thomas Kerr, and Ellwood Kennedy. The proprietors struggled heroically until January, 1878, when an incorporated company was formed, the corporators being the original pro, prietors with the exception of J. M. Webb, who had taken the place of Mr. Kennedy. The first board of directors were: R. E. Hull, president; Mason Evans, secretary and treasurer; Thomas W. Sanderson, Jonathan Head, and L. D. Thoman. J. M. Webb took editorial charge and H. C. Schwab was chosen city editor. The paper began the publication of National Associated press dispatches, in July, 1879. In August,. 1880, it announced itself squarely Republican in politics. The staff at that time consisted of 0. P. Shaffer, managing editor; Charles Gray, assistant editor; and C. A. Smith, city editor. Six months later E. S. Durban took Gray's place as chief editorial writer. The News was published with daily and weekly editions till January 2I, 1882; when the Register and News companies consolidated, making the capital stock of the new company $40,000. The News-Register was adopted as the name of the paper. The board of directors is constituted as follows: Frank B. Williams, T. W. Sanderson, Mason Evans, 0. P. Shaffer, John 'Stambaugh, Robert McCurdy, and Thomas H. Wells. The News- Register is the largest two-cent evening daily in the United. States, having been enlarged three times since its first appearance. It is the only daily journal published between Pittsburg and Cleveland, and has a circulation of about six thousand five hundred. Its weekly issue is made up from the daily. The present staff consists of 0. P. Shaffer, managing editor, who has been a journalist in Youngstown seven years; E. S. Durban, chief editorial writer, formerly of New Castle, Pennsylvania, has been employed on newspaper work thirty years; C. A. Smith, city editor, was formerly an attorney at law; N. K. Grute, reporter, and F. S. Presbrey, news editor. SECRET SOCIETIES. MASONIC. Masonry in Mahoning county was first instituted at Canfield. The drafting and adoption of the following petition was the 1nitial movement: To the right worshipful master of the Grand lodge of the State of Ohio, the petition of the subscribers humbly sueth: ' That your petitioners are brethren, members of the Masonic society, and having attained to the third degree in that art are desirous of enjoying tfie rights, privileges, and benefits resulting from the peculiar advantages of that honorable and ancient institution. That situated as your petitioners are, having residence no less than twenty miles from any regular lodge of Masons, we are prevented of the aforesaid privileges. That your petitioners made application to the brethren of Erie lodge for a letter of recommendation from them, have been there sufficiently vouched for as master Masons of good and respectable standing, and have obrained such letter of recommendation which is hereby transmitted to the R. W. G. M. That for the purpose of placing ourselves in a position where the benefits of Masonry may be reciprocally enjoyed and the pracuical principles thereof more fully understood and more strictly regarded, we do humbly pray the R. W. G. M. that fie would grant us a dispensation of the by-laws of the Grand lodge of Ohio which prohibit any body f men to work as Masons without a charter from-said Grand lodge and permit us to become installed a lodge to be known and recognized by the name of Western Star lodge, with all the privileges and powers of a master's lodge, to be holden at Canfield, Trumbull county, State of Ohio, monthly on the evening of the first Thursday preceding the full moon in every month; praying a dispensation in such a form and under such regulation as the constitution and by-laws of said Grand lodge shall prescribe and require, your petirioners pledging their honor as Masons and men in all cases to conform to all constitutional laws and regulations of the Grand lodge. And we further pray that the R. W. G. M. may be pleased to appoint and install our dutiful and well beloved brother Elijah Wadsworth as our first worshipful grand master; our dutiful and well beloved Trial Tanner as our first senior warden, and our dutiful and well beloved brother Isaac Newton as our first junior wardenr And we further pray that the R. W. G. M. would please, to direct our well beloved brother the grand secretary to make out without delay such charter or letter of authority as shall enable us to proceed to the institution f a regular lodge as afore-mentioned, and your petitioners as in duty bound will ever pray. Dated at Canfield this 23d day of July, A. L. 5812, A. D. 1812. Signed, CHARLES A. BOARDMAN HENRY RIPLEY, ELISHA WHITTLESEY, CHARLES B. FITCH, GEORGE STILSON, RICHARD FITCH, FRANCIS DOWLER, WILLIAM LOGAN, ARAD WAY, ARCHIBALD TANNER, TRIAL TANNER, LEWIS HOYT, ISAAC NEWTON, JOHN NORTHROP. In answer to this petition a dispensation was granted on the "seventeenth day of January, in the year of Redemption one thousand eight hundred and thirteen, and of Masonry the five thou- TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO - 421 sand eight hundred and, fourteenth," by Henry L Brush, R. W. G. M. 'John Leavitt, master of Erie lodge at Warren, was designated to institute the new lodge, but on account of sickness he could not attend. He appointed Judge George Tod his deputy. The following entry is the record of the consecration ceremonies: CANFIELD, June 8, 1813. The original petitioners, together with a number of brethren from adjacent lodges, met agreeably to appointment at the house of Zalmon Fitch, from which place they proceeded to the school house, where a very appropriate discourse was delivered by brother Darrow, of Vienna, after which they returned to the house of Mr. Fitch, when brother Tod proceeded to consecrate the lodge and install the following officers : Elijah Wadsworth, master; Trial Tanner, senior warden; Isaac Newton, junior warden; Elisha Whittlesey, treasurer; John H. Patch, secretary; John Northrop, senior deacon; Richard Fitch, junior deacon; George Stilson, Archibald Tanner, stewards; Charles B. Fitch, Charles A. Boardman, tylers. The lodge took rank as No. 21. Owing to the war, and other discouraging causes, it made little progress during the first year. Its work, however, in caring for the families of members, made the usefulness of the lodge felt. Shadwick Bostwick was the only member initiated during the first six months. Meetings were held with regularity, and were made clever social occasions. The "bottle" had not yet gone out of style, and was a powerful auxiliary in making meetings interesting. Masons in those days considered refreshments as necessary to a convocation as a room to meet in. But the brethren were among the most progressive members of society, and consequently the lodge was one of the first social organizations to abandon the common use of ardent spirits at meetings. In the year 188 this lodge suffered the ex perience of most other lodges in the Unite( States in consequence of the reported murder o John Morgan. The last four meetings were held at Boardman, November 19th being the last, at which the following members were present: John Northrop, Daniel Titus, Henry Hubbard, Isaac Newton, Thomas T. Payne, Philo Cook, Elisha Blake, Harmon W. Austin. Yielding to the bitter feeling ofopposition, no more, meeuings were held until May, 1848, when the following brethren convened at Canfield: John Northrop, I. Chidister, I. Newton, A. Collar, William Schmick, William S. Reed, Isaac N. Lane, and Isaac Brockhart. The last tour were visitors. Interest in the order revived, and the lodge grew somewhat in membership, though it had a small territory to draw from. Youngstown Masons belonged to Erie lodge, at Warren. Though few in numbers the. Canfield lodge was composed of prominent and highly respectable men. It continued to hold its convocations at Canfield until the fall of 1852. The initial steps toward forming a lodge of Free and Accepted Masons were taken in Youngstown in the year 1851. A dispensation was Issued by the grand master March 18, 1852, to Mahoning lodge, in which Theodatus Garlick is designated grand master, John M. Webb senior warden, and Thomas H. Wells junior warden. The following were the dispensation members: Theodatus Garlick, John M. Webb,- Thomas H. Wells, P. M. Kelley, W. H. Ross, William Braden, D. B. King, B. E. Betts, Abram A. Dekaff, Isaac Heaton, B. H. Lake, Samuel Cooper, A. J. Gardner, John Stambaugh, James H. Ford, James M. Lauridge, R. J. Price, Thomas Jones, William G. Moore, Reuben Carroll, Franklin Thorn, John Cramer, I. C. Allison. The lodger grew rapidly both in numbers and influence, and has ever since maintained its standing as the leading order in the county. A charter was never granted to Mahoning lodge, instituted under the dispensation of March, 1852, when the proposition came before the grand lodge at Chillicothe at the regular meeting in October. A charter would have been granted, but the application was withdrawn upon the "occurrence of the facts and proceedings :" That W. N. Prentice, worshipful master of the Western Star lodge and the delegate from said lodge, in compliance with the wishes of the members of Western Star lodge and of a resolution passed unanimously therein, offered the following resolution for adoption: Resolved, That Western Star lodge No. 21, now holding its regular communications in Canfield, Mahoning county, be removed to, and hereafter hold its meetings in, Youngstown, provided the following be agreed to and adopted by the Grand lodge : Resolved, That the petitioners for a near lodge at Youngstown have leave to withdraw their petition, provided the foregoing resolution be agreed to. These resolutions were adopted, and Western Star lodge was accordingly removed to Youngstown, where its membership was consolidated with Mahoning lodge. The first officers of the consolidated lodge were: W. N. Prentice, W. M.; S. F. Cooper, S. W.; James H. Ford, J. W.; 422 - TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO. John Stambaugh, secretary; Thomas Jones, treasurer ; William Braden, senior deac0n; J. B. King, junior deacon ; Andrew J. Gardner, tyler. After the removal of the charter and effects of Western Star lodge to Youngstown, it was the only society of master Masons in the county till Hillman lodge was formed recently. There are at present in Youngstown two blue lodges, a commandery, council, and chapter. Western Star lodge retains its old number, twenty- one. Hillman lodge, which includes in its membership some of the most prominent men in the city, ranks No. 481. St. John's commandery No. 0, Knights Templar, draws its membership from Warren, Hartford, and other neighboring lodges. It takes a prominent place among the Ohio commanderies. Mahoning council No: 45, Royal and Select Masters, and Youngstown chapter No. 93, Royal Arch Masons, are in a flourishing condition. The lodge hall in the Savings' Bank building is neatly furnished, and handsomely finished. HEBRON LODGE NO. 55, I. O. O. F. Oddfellowship was instituted in Youngstown in the fall of 1845. Several members of the lodge at Warren having received honorable dismissal petitioned and obtamed from the Grand lodge a charter. The ceremony of institution took place in the Mansion house, December 2, 1845. The following names appear on the charter : William Braden, Theodatus Garlick, John C. Grierson, R. G. Garlick, Frederick S. Smith, and Daniel J. Wick. William Braden was the first noble grand. His immediate success0rs were Joseph G. Haney and Joseph Wilder. The early history of this lodge can be given but imperfectly, in consequence of the early records having been destroyed by fire. Meetings were held in a room in the Mansion house until 1849. During this period the lodge prospered and increased in membership. Among the more conspicuous initiates are found the names of James Calvin, Asahel Medbury, Joseph and Frank Barclay, Peter Ketter, and other prominent citizens. Of the original members, only one survives, Joseph Wilder, whose zeal has grown stronger with ripening age. The effects of the lodge were removed to the Porter block in 1849, which remained the place of meeting till 1865. During this period the lodge experienced many ups and downs, at times commanding attention and exerting an influence and at other times giving its friends reasonable solicitude lest even it should cease to maintain an organized existence. During the first meeting in January, 1864, while Dr. Bronson, of Newton Falls lodge, then acting as deputy grand master, was conducting the ceremony of installation of officers, a fire was discovered in the dressing room. The doctor, followed by several of his frightened brethren, made a rush for the door; but a number of the cooler heads remained to arrest the fire, in which they succeeded, but not until considerable damage had been done. In June, 1865, a second fire occurred, which totally destroyed the block, with all its contents, including all the property of the lodge—furniture, regalia, records, and charter. This loss was not allowed to interfere with the society's prosperity. Occurring just when soldiers were returning from the army and the benefits of Odd fellowship were most needed and most appreciated, no time was lost in securing facilities for carrying on its work. A subscription paper was circulated and more commodious and better furnished 'apartments than before were soon ready for occupancy. Since occupying Porter's block, these halls have successively been occupied: Chapman and Nash's, Ritter's and the present hall. Oddfellowship in Youngstown has grown steadily since the war. In 1868 it was deemed expedient to divide the membership and accordingly Youngstown lodge was formed. Hebron may be considered the mother of four other lodges—Niles, Girard, Hubbard, and Mineral Ridge. Niles was formed of members from both Hebron and Mahoning lodge of Warren. On account of the destruction of records we are unable to give a full list of past noble Brands. The following is a list since 1868: Henry Onions, Roswell Shurtleff, R. M. Wallace, Thomas Kay, Alexander N. Kay, Thomas Davis, John L Alexander, Emanuel Guthman, John R. Davisr Samuel N. Smith, Edwin Webb; Volney Rodgers, David M. Osborn, Albert W. Yahus, James J. Harman, Henry M. Thullen, James Parfitt, Thomas Bowdich, Henry Palmer, Rudolph Wilbrandt, Jonathan Oatsy, William Kinsey, Henry Moreman. TRUMBULL AND MAHONING COUNTIES, OHIO - 423 YOUNGSTOWN LODGE INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS. The division of Hebron lodge and the institution of Youngstown lodge originated in a belief that two lodges could work more effectually than one. The grand lodge was petitioned and a charter issued to the following members: John M. Edwards, Charles C. Chapman, Ezriah Pratt, Philip A. Palmer, L. R. Roberts, Isaac Fellows, James Sutch, Nelson Crandall, George B. Converse, Elmer 0. Woodford, Henry Slosson, Harmon Keen, P. N. Wilder, J. M. Silliman, and James Predmore. The lodge ranks No. 403 and was instituted by Special Deputy H. Y. Beebe, July 9, 1868. The first officers were John M. Edwards, noble grand; C. C. Chapman, vice-grand; P. A. Palmer, secretary; E. 0. Woodford, permanent secretary; Isaac Fellows, treasurer. This lodge has had a steady growth, its present membership being one hundred and eighty-six. It has always maintained good standing since its institution. The following in the order given have passed the chair of noble grand: J. M. Edwards; C. C. Chapman, H. Slosson, E. 0. Woodford, A. S. Williams, J. M. Silliman, Isaac Fellows, D. W. Smith, L J. Jacobs, A. W. Jones, W. T. Hughes, P. Everhart, J. S. Lett, D. C. Daniels, E. Pratt, A. Hawn, M. Petitt, J. J. Morgan, J. C. Muter, G. Noll, E. H.. Turner, J. H. Dalzell, L. D. Clark, Thomas Peate, R. Montgomery, J. D. Porter, M. S. Clark. The following members of this lodge were past grands from other lodges: James Sutch, Nr Crandall, D. Rodgers, S. Werturf, D. P. Thomas, P. N. Wilder, Nelson Parker, and M. D. McCandless. OTHER SOCIETIES. Tod Grand Army Post was organized in Youngstown in November, 1879. Royal Templars of Temperance, a secret temperance society, with insurance benefits connected, was organized in 1880. Buckeye council No. r 1, Royal Templars of Temperance, was instituted April 18, 1879, a temperance society with insurance connections. Star of Albion lodge No. 55, Sons of St. George, formed in April, 1881, with thirty members; present membership, one hundred and ten. Court Flower No. 6266, I. 0. F., was established October 25, 1876, with forty members; present membership one hundred and thirty-five. Crystal Fountain lodge No. 697, I. 0. G. Templars, was organized by E. J. Pitney, July 8, 1874. Youngstown lodge I. 0. Rechabites was organized in October, 1880. Youngstown Maennerchor was organized January 1, 1863. Youngstown Turnverein, an organization for physical improvement, was formed April, 1878. Mahoning lodge Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel, and Tin Workers, was organized in August, 1877. Youngstown lodge No. 14, Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel, and Tin Workers, was organized in 1875. Star lodge No. 3, Amalgamated Association of of Iron, Steel and Tin Workers was organized April 24, 1880. Wells lodge No. 17, Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel, and Tin Workers, was organized August 24, 1876. Enterprise lodge No. 9, was organized October, 1869. Valley lodge No. 12, Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel, and Tin Workers, was formed November 1, 1879. The Royal Arcanum was organized September 25, 1879. The Harmonics was organized in 1877, an organization for the promotion of dramatic power and intellectual improvement. The Philharmonics was organized in September, 1880. Youngstown Temperance Union was formed May, 1 877. Young People's Temperance organization was formed November 21, 1878.