HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 175

they labor under many disadvantages for the want of a Seminary of learning in that part of the State in which they reside. They further state to your Honorable body that they are unable by private enterprise to raise funds for the erection of an academy.

From petitions deeming an institution of this kind in that section of the State of immense advantage not only to the citizens of the county aforesaid, but to the State in general, we pray. your Honorable body to pass a law at your present session authorizing a public lottery in the town of St. Clairsville, in Belmont county, to raise the sum of seven thousand dollars for the purpose of erecting a Public Academy in the town or vicinity of St. Clairsville in said county, and your petitioners in duty bound will ever pray, &c.

The above is dated 1815 and signed by a number of the influential citizens of the town and county, lawyers, doctors, magistrates and a minister of the gospel.

THE STANDARD HALF-BUSHEL.

In 1811, the commissioners (Peter Tallman, Sterling Johnston, and Alexander Boggs) agreeable to an act of the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, passed the 22d day of January of that year, which was to provide a standard half bushel, ordered a measure made. The honorable board, according to their minutes, paid Ira Robison the sum of $2.00 for making said half-bushel. They also paid William Faris fifty cents for the painting and marking of it. Ralf Heath was "appointed keeper of said standard measure," and into whose custody the same was given.

A WILD TURKEY HUNT—UNFORTUNATE SHOT.

Major Thompson says : Along about 1810, John Warnock and his brother-in-law, John Walters, concluded to take a hunt fer wild turkeys, which game then abounded rather plentifully in Belmont -county. Their guns were fixed up in good order, a fair supply of am munition was procured, and out they started for the woods. Upon reaching the timber Warnock said to his brother-in-law :

"Now, John, I will go this direction and you go that, and we will make a circle around the woods."

This was agreed to and they turned in different courses. After going a short distance Walter came to a tree that had recently been broken by a storm and a part of the top had fallen to the ground. As it made a thick brush, he concluded to conceal himself in amongst the leaves and branches and there "pipe," as

Was styled, for turkeys. So he began calling, after getting comfortably fixed in the branches, like the wild fowl calls for each other. This was done so perfectly, that Warnock, who by this time had got in hearing distance, thought it a wild turkey that strayed away from the rest of its company, came cautiously slipping up from where the sound eminated. Being very anxious to get a shot at a turkey and never once dreaming for a moment about his brother-in-law, he leveled his gun to his face as he saw something move in the brush, taking fair aim upon what he supposed a turkey, pulled the trigger of his rifle, and bang went the gun. He immediately ran to the spot, and beheld, what ? That he had shot his brother-in-law through the heart. He threw up both hands exclaiming : "O! God, Walter, I have killed you !"

Mr. Warnock lived for many years after that sad experience ; but, it is said, never took up a gun in his hands from that time until his death. He felt so badly over the accident that he couldn't bear the thoughts of handling a gun. He was a gentleman that was highly respected and esteemed in the community.

THE PRESENT COURT HOUSE.

The Court House in St. Clairsville was contracted for, February 16, 1813. Sterling Johnson had the grading of the ground for $272.00. The grading was to be completed by the 1st of May. The building was let to Wm. Brown, the grandfather of the late sheriff, R. S. Brown, of Wheeling. It was to be of the size, style and general appearance of the "Steubenville" court house, with the exception that there were to be stone window sills. The building was to be ready for use by the 1st of April. Capt. Robert Thompson was the boas carpenter and had an interest in the contract. The building was completed eight months before the time specified in the contract, and on July 16, 1814, Peter Tallman, the father of the present Captain Peter, and Alexander Boggs, (Joseph Morrison not present) commissioners, met to receive the court house from Brown, the contractor. With the consent of Brown, the commissioners appointed Joseph Marshal, of St. Clairsville, and Nicholas Murray, of Steubenville, mechanics, to meet at the court house August 15, 1814, and adjudge the sufficiency and durability of said court house, and also whether the materials and workmanship are equal to the same in Steubenville court house, On August 5th, 1814, the committee met at St. Clairsville, and, after having carefully examined its elegance and durability, together with its materials, were of the opinion that said court house is completed in all respects like to the Steubcnville court house. The commissioners paid each examiner $10.00 for services, and the court house was then received by the county from the contractor, Wm. Brown. Total cost of the building, $5,640.00.

Capt Robert Thompson, who did the carpenter work on the court house, was a soldier of the Revolution, came from Carlisle, Pa., and was a very superior workman.

SECOND JAIL IN ST. CLAIRSVILLE.

On the 19th of March, 1819, the contract for a new jail 'was let. Sterling Johnson had the grading, for which he received $95.00. Wm. Brown received the contact for furnishing materials and erecting the building, being compensated to the amount of $3,040.00. Specifications directing that the jail be built of brick, like those used in the erection of the court house, and to be two stories high. The first story nine feet, with an entry, six feet wide through the middle, and to contain four rooms—two for dungeons and two for jailor's rooms. The second story was to be eight feet high and divided as the first floor—two for debtors' rooms and two for jailor's. It was to be completed by January 1, 1821. The work was promptly done and accepted by the commissioners.

THIRD COUNTY JAIL.

The present county jail and sheriff's residence was built in the year 1842, by Charles H. Bailey, a resident of the county, at a cost of $ _____

COUNTY OFFICES.

On February 10, 1818, the contract was let to Stacy Bevan for building three county offices, for $1,050.00. Two to be built on the east and one on the west side of the court house. The contract to be completed by August 1, 1819. On the recommendations of Robert Thompson and Charles Collins, mechanics, the commissioners—Peter Tallman, Alex. Boggs and Joseph Morrison, accepted the three county offices, erected by Stacy Bevan, January 3, 1820. In June, 1820, the commissioners allowed Bevan $150.00 extra for loss sustained under said contract, which was claimed under an Act of the Legislature.

MARKET HOUSE.

On the 17th of Derember, 1833, the commissioners of Belmont county appropriated $100.00 towards building a market house in St. Clairsville. Order was given to John Patterson, father of Isaac H. Patterson, now of St. Clairsville. It was built opposite the National Hotel and Mr. Meyers' residence. The House was torn down several years ago.

THE FIRE-PROOF BUILDING.

The fire-proof building, now occupied by county officers, was let out by contract to William Askew, April 15, 1836. The building is 32x46 feet ; two stories high ; and exterior completely fire-proof. The cost of building was about $3,300.00. The brick and stone work was done by Charles H. Bailey, now residing at St. Clairsville.

MISCELLANEOUS REMINISCENCES.

" LONG BULLET."

Along in 1801 a game styled "Long Bullet" was in vogue, and greatly indulged in by many of the settlers. The play run in this wise : The men were chosen two or four on a side. A cast-iron or lead ball, perhaps 2 inches in diameter, was used to throw by giving it a clandestined or underhand pitch. Whichever side succeeded in sending this ball the greatest distance won the game. Mr. M. Israel says that when his father undertook to survey St. Clairsville he was considerably annoyed and the survey somewhat impeded on account of the fellows stopping their work and engaging in this play. And finally, when he insisted on them to discontinue the game until he

176 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

could finish the survey, he was told by the Newells, who were always much delighted to take a game at "Long Bullet," not to grow impatient; that they (the Newells) would pay him for his time whether he worked or not. Mr. Israel says that David and Samuel Newell were dextrous at this play.

THE FIRST FOUR-HORSE TEAM THAT CROSSED THE OHIO RIVER.

It is claimed that the first four-horse team to cross the Ohio river into Belmont county was that of john Hatcher. He forded the river near Zane's ferry in 1801.

WASN'T SUITED WITH THE APPEARANCE.

In 1797 a man named Jenry migrated from Loudoun county, Virginia, crossed at Zane's Ferry, and followed the course of Indian Wheeling creek several miles, prospecting Belmont county, and looking up a desirable place to settle. He was not very well pleased with the appearance of the country, and thought no one would ever settle in that part, packed up what little articles he had, among which was $2,100 in a leather bag, and returned to his home a happy, but not, perhaps, a wiser man.

HAND MILLS.

The mention of "hand mills" will bring to the memory of the older citizens living in the county reminiscences of boyhood days, when they were set at work by their parents to grind a little meal to keep from starving. It was a day when mills were small and very far apart, and these were resorted to in emergencies. The modus operandi was in this wise:

A large, flat stone about fifteen inches in diameter was permanently fixed on the floor, and a smaller one placed on top, with a hole near the outer edge of same, and also one in the center, in which was placed a stout hickory stick. To the upper end of this stick, which was not very long, a string, or cord rather, was attached, and the other end fastened into a joist or beam above. The operator, whilst giving the loose stone a circular motion with one hand, dropped the corn with the other into this hole near the edge, in as uniform order as possible, and this ground it up. It was a very slow process, and could almost have been eaten as fast as pulverized. Real large families might starve whilst " waiting on a grist." This process was in vogue until horse and water mills superseded them. So says Robert Israel, of Morristown.

INDIANS RETURN TO VISIT THEIR OLD HOMES.

Major Thomas Thompson of St. Clairsville says that in the year 1809, four Indians came to the house of Joseph Smith, at the forks of Crab-apple creek and staid over night (Sunday). On Monday morning they left, traveling in a southeast direction, and were seen on Thompson's run, which empties into McMahony creek, by John Devore, then a boy. That they returned to Sinith's on Thursday, their ponies laden with lead ore of an excellent quality.

Again—Two men named Buskirk and Biggs, living near Moundsville, W. Va., say that the Indians used frequently to come to Moundsville, cross over into Belmont county, Ohio, be gone three or four days and return with an abundance of lead ore.

Further—In the year 1861 a gentleman came from the State of Arkansas to Moundsville and spent several weeks prospecting for lead in Belmont county, Ohio. He claimed to have derived his information respecting the lead mines in Belmont county from a very old Indian squaw in Arkansas, and felt very confident of success. The rebellion breaking out, however, obliged him to return home, since which time nothing has been heard of him. These circumstances would seem to indicate that there is somewhere in south-eastern Belmont county a valuable deposit of lead, which idea the geological structure of the country does not altogether discourage.

AN EARLY TOUR DOWN THE OHIO AND THROUGH BELMONT COUNTY.

The following extracts are taken from F. Coming's Tour, He passed through the county as early as 1807, and his description of the country as it appeared then, will, no doubt, be interesting to all. He leaves Philadelphia on foot, January 8, 1807, and arrives in Pittsburgh in July, 1807, where he takes "a batteau, or flat-bottomed skiff, twenty feet long, very light, and the stern sheets roofed with very thin boards, high enough to sit under with ease." He reaches Steubenville on the 8th of July. He says:

"At a little before 8 o'clock we stopped at Steubenville, the capital of Jefferson county, in Ohio, seven miles from Brown's (now known as Brown's Island in the Ohio river). This town has been settled about eight years, chiefly by emigrants from the State of Jersey. It contains one hundred and sixty houses, including a new goal of hewn stone, a court house of square logs (which it is said is to be soon replaced by a new one of better materials), and a brick Presbyterian church. There are four or five different sects of Christians in this town, but no established minister, except a Mr. Snodgrass to the Presbyterians, and a Mr. Doddridge who comes from Charlestown (Wellsburg) in Virginia every other Sunday, to officiate to the Episcopalians in the court house, which is occasionally used for the same purpose by the other sects.

"There is a land office here for the sale of the public lands, from which large sums in Spanish dollars are sent annually to the treasury of the United States in Washington. Perhaps this is one cause of the town having increased so rapidly. Another may be its very handsome situation. The first street, which is parallel to the river, is on a narrow flat, sufficiently raised above the river floods ; while the rest of the town is about twenty feet perpendicular above it, on an extensive plain, rising gradually With a gentle slope to the foot of the hills which surrounded it in a semi-circle like an amph-theatre, about a mile distant. On one of those-a Mr. Smith has a house and farm whichseems to impend over the south end of the town, from an elevation of four hundred feet perpendicular from the bed of the river. Mr. Bazil Wells, who is joint proprietor of the soil with Mr. James Ross, of Pittsburgh, has a handsome house and finely improved garden and farm on the bank of the Ohio, a quarter of a mile below the town.

We remained about an hour in Steubenville (which is named in honor of the late Major General Baron Steuben, the founder of the present American military tactics). We then pursued our course down the river, passing, at half a mile, a point on the left, where is a tavern with a fine extensive bottom behind it; and four and a half miles further we left Mingo Bottom Island (very small) on the left, half a mile below which on the right is Mr. Potter's handsome square-roofed house, and a quarter of a mile lower down is Mr. Pratt's neat frame cottage, ornamented like Potter's, with weeping willows and Lombardy poplars. A mile and a quarter from hence we passed two small creeks, called Cross creeks, one on each hand, and a mile and a half below them, on turning a point on the left, we saw Charlestown (Wellsburg) half a league before us, on the Virginia side, making a handsome appearance.

* * * * * *

Three miles lower we passed Pike island, which is about three-quarters of a mile long, and seems capable of cultivation, though perhaps rather low. Opposite to it is the boundary line between Jefferson and Belmont counties, in Ohio."

Mr. C. passes on down the river, observing nothing very interesting until he reaches Little Grave creek, where he lands at a ferry and walks a half a mile to Tomlinson's, the first settler of now Marshall county. The Indian Mound is looked at by the traveler, and, after spending a short time, he returns to his boat: He says ;

* * "We found floating store at the landing. It was a large square flat, roofed and fitted with shelves and counter, and containing a various assortment of merchandise, among which were several copper stills, of which much use is now made throughout the whole western country for distilling peach and apple brandy and rye whisky. * * At about one o'clock we proceeded on our voyage, passing on the right Mr. Dilly's large frame house and fine farm, round which the river takes a great bend to the westward.

About five miles and a half below Little Grave creek, after passing Big Grave creek (which is as inconsiderable. as its namesake, notwithstanding its distinguished adjective) and Captina island (very small) and after having stopped for a few minutes at one Baker's, who answered our questions with savage mo: roseness, we passed Captina creek on the right, emptying into the Ohio through an extensive bottom, with three mills and several settlements on it. * * * About three miles below Captina creek we stopped on the left at Mr. Cressup's fine farm. He was on the plantation overseeing his laborers, but Mrs. Cressup received us politely."

Passing down the Ohio river as far as the mouth of the Scioto river and thenceup the same to Chillicothe, he strikes across the county to Zanesville, and thence to Cambridge by stage:

"On Tuesday, the 8th of' August, the stage being only to go fifteen miles, and the same distance next day, on account of the

HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 177

arrangement of the carriage of mails, rather than travel such a snail's pace, I proceeded on foot, leaving my baggage to follow in the stage. The first five miles were excellent road, over a long but not very high ridge of hills, without a single house to Washington, or Beymerstown, as it is more generally called, from its being owned by the family of Beymer, two of whom keep taverns in it. It has twelve cabins, four of which are taverns, and a blacksmith's shop.

"Four and a half miles further have no inhabitants ; the road is still good, but is lead over several high, short and steep ridges, which generally run from north to south. Then passing a cabin and farm in half a mile more I came to Frankfort or Smiths-town, where I breakfasted. This is a small village, or rather hamlet, of eight or ten houses and cabins, some of which, as well as several in the neighborhood, are inhabited by families from Peeks-hill in New York, many of whom regret their having removed from thence to this place, and with great reason, if one may judge from the appearance of the soil, which is all a red and yellow clay, very stiff, and apparently very unproductive.

"The country now became better settled, but still continued very hilly. I walked on, passing Wherry's tavern, where the stage was to sleep, five miles, and stopping at Bradshaw's, where I rested about half an hour and got some refreshments. This family is from the county Monaghan in Ireland. Their house is too small for an inn, but they have a good farm. Ten miles further brought me to Morristown through a similar hilly country, with 'a succession of woods and farms, the latter at every mile, and a tavern at every two miles.

"On the road I met in straggling parties above fifty horsemen with rifles, who had been in Morristown at a militia muster, for the purpose of volunteering, or of being drafted to serve against Britain, in case of war with that country, now much talked of. Most of them were above half seas over, and they traveled with much noise—some singing, some swearing, some quarreling, some laughing, according to their different natural dispositions,

which are always most manifest when in that unguarded situation.

"I found Morristown, where I arrived just before dark, all in a bustle from the same cause, many of the country people remaining to a late hour, drinking and fighting.

"My host, Morrison, who is a justice of the peace, and a Major of the militia, had shut his house against them, but there was another tavern, where Squire Morrison, while commanding the peace, during an affray, came in for his share of the blows, and had his shirt torn.

"I got a very good supper, bathed my feet and went to bed in a room where a man and his wife, a young married couple, in another bed, acted over a similar scene to what I had experienced

at Lancaster, keeping me awake chatting to me until a very late hour.

"After a short but sound sleep, I awoke at an early hour well refreshed and pushed on eleven miles to St. Clairsville, through a fine, well improved and well inhabited country, which was still

hilly, but the ridges were neither so steep nor so high, as they are in general at this side of Chillicothe. I stopped at Thompson's stage inn, where Mrs. Thompson, who was very civil, prepared me a good breakfast.

"St. Clairsville, or Newelstown as it is more frequently improperly called, is the capital of Belmont county, and is pleasantly situated on the point and top of the highest hill within sight, from whence twelve or fourteen miles of ridges and woods may be seen in every direction, some of them across the Ohio, which I was now again approaching. The town is only about four years old, and already contains eighty good houses, including several stores and taverns. It has a court, house and gaol, and altogether it has the greatest appearance of wealth and business of any town between Chilicothe and itself. There are several Quakers settled in the neighborhood, who are a snug, wealthy and industrious people, and who enhanced the value of real property in a wide extent around the focus of their settlements.

* * * * * *

"On the banks of the Ohio is a new town called Canton (Bridgeport), laid out by Mr. Zane last year, which has now thirteen houses. We here crossed a ferry of a quarter of a mile to Zane's Island, which we walked across, upwards of half a mile, through a fertile, extensive and well cultivated farm, the property of Mr. Zane, some of whose apples, pulled from the orchard in passing, were very refreshing to us while we sat on the bank nearly an hour awaiting the ferry boat. At last the boat came, and we crossed the second ferry of another quarter of a mile to Wheeling.

23—B. & J. Cos.

"I set out at half-past nine o'clock (next morning) and soon gained the top of the hill immediately over Wheeling, from whence there is a handsome bird's-eye view of that town, Zane's island in fine cultivation, the two ferries across the Ohio, and the village of Canton beyond; while on the left the Ohio is seen winding among hills five or six miles below, and the view is bounded in that direbtion by one ridge rising beyond another to a great distance. Turning round on the narrow ridge over which the road leads, I had Wheeling creek directly under me at the foot of a precipice, it running in such a manner as to make the site of the town, with the hill behind, almost a peninsula between it and the Ohio."

THE PUMPKIN FLOOD.

In the fall of 1816 the Ohio river rose to an unprecedented height, overflowing its banks, and bearing away on its resistless tide houses, barns, fences, and whatever else would float. Many-cornfields were overflowed, and the pumpkins, which grew in abundance, were carried down the stream, dotting the water so that the flood was ever after known as the "Pumpkin Flood." A large barn was seen floating down the stream, and two men, Daniel Kilgore and Jackson Mitchell rowed in to it in a skiff and took from it a fat hen, which they found, and killed and ate it to pay them for their trouble. At this time the Ohio river was not so wide as at present, yet, notwithstanding this fact, it required a great deal more rain to produce a high flood. The explanation of this seeming paradox is as follows: When the country was covered with forests the course of the rainfall to the river was impeded by the leaves and fallen timber that covered the ground, hence the water that fell reached the river gradually, and was carried away to the sea as gradually, but when the ax of the woodman denuded the country of its forests the rainfall ran into the river all at once, and both raised the stream suddenly and washed its channel wider.

SICK OR BLASTED WHEAT.

Wheat sown in the early settlements of Belmont county, in some localities, did not do well. It grew very tall in the stalk, but never matured properly, the ends of the grains presenting a red appearance. This wheat, when eaten either boiled or as bread, produced sickness, nausea and vomiting; hence it was called "sick or blasted wheat." This state of affairs continued several years after the land was cleared, when the wheat matured and sickness did not result from eating it.

THE MEMORABLE HAIL STORM.

Early in July, 1816, one of the severest hail storms ever known to the people of this region passed over a portion of Belmont county, which played sad havoc with the crops of that year. It was several miles in width. The hail were of such size as to totally destroy grain and fruit in many places. Many were the size of a hen's egg, and noticed having prongs on it half inch in length. Where such struck fences and trees marks were seen and leaves stripped off. The storm occurred on Saturday, and as late as Wednesday the following week hail in many places could have been picked up. A number of persons were obliged to give up their homes, losing everything they had, were unable to meet their obligations, and left the county. They were parties that had just come in and purchased land from the government.

HARDESTY FLOOD.

The flood known as the "Hardesty flood" occurred in about 1818 on McMahon's creek. It was styled thus owing to the fact that Mr. John Hardesty and family—wife and five children, were di owned in it. He lived near the banks of this stream, and the waters rose to such a height that his house was inundated and carried off on the resistless bosom of the angry turbid waters. After the waters had abated he and his wife's body were recrecoveredshort distance from where the house stood. The remains of two of his children were regained a considerable distance below, in the stream. The other children were never found. Major Thompson, of St. Clairsville, says, that several days after the flood, he passed down that way on horseback, and saw straw and litter lodged on the branches of trees along the creek, so high above him that he was unable to reach with his whip from his horse. The ravages of the flood were immense with great loss of property. It is said that the waters came down with such power as to cause the drift, bourne on its bosom, to be swept across on the opposite banks of the Ohio river.

178 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

THE FIRST STAGE.

The first stage in Belmont county came through from Wheeling to St. Clairsville, thence to Morristown, en route for Cambridge and Lancaster, in the spring of 1818. The line was owned by Thomas Dryden; of the latter place, and he drove the first stage throughout the first trip. The stage was drawn by four beautiful bay horses, and was filled with a cheery company of passengers who were enjoying the pioneer journey with considerable glee. The outside patrons were, if possible, more joyous than the inside seat-holders, and whenever the driver would "wind his horn" as they approached a settlement, they gave vent to their feelings by boisterous huzzas,and songs in which the insiders joined in the chorus.

The road near the villages wore thronged with the people, some of whom had come many miles to see the stage. There was an intense satisfaction enjoyed by all, and no circus or, menagerie that has since visited the county, ever created the same excitement and heartfelt joy and exultation that accompanied the passage of the pioneer stage.

PROJECT TO ERECT THE NEW COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND.

In the fall of 1847, after the annual October election, notice was given in the newspapers that petitions would be presented to the next General Assembly, asking that honorable body to erect a new county, to be called Cumberland, with the county seat at Fairview in Guernsey county, Ohio. The territory so to be made into a new county comprised the whole of Somerset, Warren, and Kirkwood townships, and a part of Flushing township of Belmont county, Ohio ; and parts of Harrison, Tuscarawas, and Guernsey counties. In conformity with that notice petitions were shortly thereafter put in circulation within the territory named, which were signed by a vast majority of the voters resident therein. Barnesville in a mass was indignantly opposed to the creation of the new county.

The petitions however were in due time presented to the General Assembly and referred to their appropriate committee. A bill for the erection of the new county of Cumberland was in a short time reported to the Assembly by that committee. The project met with much favor from that body and at one time the bill was on the very verge of being made a law.. But Hon. Miller Pennington, the representative from Belmont county, who was a man of terrible energy, and shrewd tact, opposed the bill with a vehemence and force that soon carried it to an indefinite postponement. The erection of Noble county, in 1850-51, put an end to it forever.

LIST OF PUBLIC OFFICERS.

REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS.

Below are given a list of the Congressmen representing the District in which Belmont county formed a part, from the first Congressman after it became a county up to 1881:

8—Jeremiah Morrow (Representative at large for the State) Warren county, from 1803 to 1805.

9—Jeremiah Morrow (Representative at large for the State), Warren county, from 1805 to 1807.

10—Jeremiah Morrow (Representative at large for the State), Warren county, from 1807 to 1809.

11—Jeremiah Morrow (Representative at large for the State), Warren county, from 1809 to 1811.

12—Jeremiah Morrow (Representative at large for the State), Warren county, from 1811 to 1813.

13—James Caldwell, Belmont county, from 1813 to 1815.

14—James Caldwell, Belmont county, from 1815 to 1817.

15—Samuel Herrick, Muskingum county, from 1817 to 1819.

16—Samuel Herrick, Muskingum county, from 1819 to 1821.

17—John C, Wright* and David Chambers, Muskingum county, from 1821 to 1823.

18—John Patterson. Belmont county, 1823 to 1825.

19—David Jennings and Thomas Shannon, Belmont county, from 1825 to 1827.

20—John Davenport, Belmont county, from 1827 to 1829.

21— Judge Wm. Kennon, Belmont county, from 1829 to 1831.

22—Judge Wm. Kennon, Belmont county, from 1831 to 1833.

23—James M. Bell, Guernsey county, from 1833 to 1835.

24—Judge Wm. Ken non, Belmont county, from 1835. to 1837.

25—James Alexander, Jr., Belmont county, from 1837 to 1839.

*John C. Wright resigned.

† Resigned in 1826.

26—Isaac Parrish, Guernsey county, from 1839 to 1841,

27—Benj. S. Cowen, Belmont county, from 1841 to 1843.

28—Joseph Morris, Monroe county, from 1843 to 1845.

29—Joseph Morris, Monroe county, from 1845 to 1847.

30—William Kennon, Jr., Belmont county, from 1847 to 1849.

31—W. F. Hunter, Monroe county, from 1849 to 1851.

32—W. F. Hunter, Monroe county, from 1851 to 1853.

33—Wilson Shannon, Belmont county, from 1853 to 1855.

34—Chas. J. Albright, Guernsey county, from 1855 to 1857.

35—William A. Lawrence, Guernsey county, from 1857 to 1859.

36 —Thomas C. Theaker, Belmont county, from 1859 to 1861.

37—James R Morris, Monroe county, from 1861 to 1863.

38—J. W. White, Guernsey county, from 1863 to 1865.

39—John A. Bingham, Harrison county, from 1865 to 1867.

40—John A. Bingham, Harrison county, from 1867 to 1869.

41—John A. Bingham, Harrison county, from 1869 to 1871.

42—John A. Bingham, Harrison county, from 1871 to 1873.

43—Lorenzo Danford, Belmont county, from 1873 to 1875.

44—Lorenzo Danford, Belmont county, from 1875 to 1877.

45—Lorenzo Danford, Belmont county, from 1877 to 1879.

46—J. T. Updegraff, Harrison county, from 1879 to 1881.

LIST OF STATE SENATORS.

1803 William Vance and Thos. Kirker.

1804 William Vance.

1805 Joseph Sharp.

1806 "

1807 Joseph Dillon.

1808 “ ”

1809 James Caldwell.

1810 “ ”

1811 " “

1812 “ ”

1813 Charles Hammond.

1814 " “

1815 John Patterson.

1816 " “

1817 “ ”

1818 " “

1819 David Jennings.

1820 " “

1821 “ ”

1822 “ ”

1823 " “

1824 “ ”

1825 John Davenport..

1826 “ ”

1827 William Hubbard.

1828 " “

1829 Thomas Shannon.

1830 “ ”

1831 William Dunn.

1832 " “

1833 James Alexander, Sr.

1834 James Alexander, Sr

1835 George Sharp.

1836 “

1837 Thomas Shannon.

1838 " "

1839 " “

1840 “ ”

1841 Chauncey Dewey.

1842 Robert H. Miller.

1843 " " "

1844 “ ”

1845 Benjamin Mackall.

1846 " “

1847 Edward Archibold.

1848 " “

1849 William P. Simpson,

1850 " " "

1852 “ ”

1854 David Allen.

1856 Charles Warfel.

1858 Isaac Holloway.

1860 Marshall McCall.

1862 Isaac Welsh.

1864 John C. Jamison.

1866 Henry West.

1868 James B. Jamison.

1870 " "

1872 Samuel Knox.

1874 “ ”

187E3 David Wagoner.

1878 " "

1880 D. A. Hollingsworth.

REPRESENTATIVES.

The following is a list of Representatives to the General As sembly, from Belmont county, commencing from the first, which convened at Chillicothe, March 1, 1803 :

1803—Joseph Sharp and Elijah Woods, and in the second General Assembly, which convened December 1, 1803. Josiah Dillon and James Smith.

1804—Thomas Wilson and John Stewart.

1805—John Stewart and James Smith.

1806—Josiah Dillon and John Stewart.

1807—William Vance and John Patterson.

1808—Joseph Sharp, Edward Bryson and Isaac Vore.

1809—Joseph Sharp, Isaac Vore and Josiah Dillon.

1810—Elijah Woods, Moses Morehead and Wm. Smith.

1811—James Smith, Thomas Mitchell and Joseph Sharp.

1812—Josiah Dillon, Jacob Myers and Peter Yarnel.

1813—Moses Morehead, Ambrose Danford and William Sinclair.

1814—Joseph Sharp, Edward Bryson, Thomas Majors.

1815—David Wallace, James Smith and Thomas Majors.

1816—Charles Hammond, Thomas Townsend and Edward Bryson.

1817—Charles Hammond, George Pauli and William Dunn.

1818—Charles Hammond, George Paull and William Dann.

HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 179

1819—William Dunn, Thomas Shannon and John Smith.

1820—Charles Hammond, William Dunn and Thomas Shannon.

1821—William Dunn, Alexander Armstrong and Thomas Shannon.

1822—William Dunn, Alexander Armstrong and Thomas Shannon.

1823—William Perrino, Isaac Atkinson and John Scatterday.

1824—John Davenport and Thos. Shannon.

1825—William Perrine and William Dunn.

1826—William Dunn and Eli Nichols.

1827—James Weir and Crawford Welch.

1828—Crawford Welch and William Dunn.

1829—Crawford Welch, James Weir and Andrew Patterson.

1830—John Davenport and James Alexander.

1831—John Patton, William Workman and William B. Hubbard.

1832—John Patton and William Workman.

1833—Joseph A. Ramage and John Thompson.

1834—Joseph A. Ramage and Solomon Bentley.

1835--Solomon Bentley and William Chambers.

1836—James Weir.

1837—Ephraim Gaston and Isaac H. Green,

1838—Henry West.

1839—Henry West and Thomas A. Way.

1840—John Koontz and Crawford Welch.

1841—Wm. Workman and Samuel Dunn.

1842—Thomas Pitcher.

1843—Samuel Dunn and Wm. R. Carle.

1844—Benjamin S. Cowen and Peter Tallman.

1845—Benjamin S. Cowen.

1846—John C. Kerr and William Hogue.

1847—Miller Pennington.

1848—Samuel Bigger.

1849—John A. Weyer and Hugh McNeely.

*1850—Archibald C. Ramage and James J. Grimes.

From 1852 to 1854—Archibald C. Ramage and Price Cornwell.

From 1854 to 1856—E. V. Cleaver and Samuel Findley.

From 1856 to 1858—James A. Turner and Robert Hamilton.

From 1858 to 1861—Isaac Welch.

From 1861 to 1863—Wilson S. Kennon.

From 1863 to 1864—Robert E. Chambers.

From 1864 to 1866—Coulson Davenport.

From 1866 to 1868—Coulson Davenport and John Patterson.

From 1868 to 1870—John W. Kennon and Thomas M. Nichol,

From 1870 to 1872—John A. Weyer.

From 1872 to 1876—Thomas H. Armstrong.

Prom 1876 to 1878— E. V. Cleaver and William Bundy.

From 1878 to 1880—Ross J. Alexander and Harvey Danford.

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS.

1850—Held at Columbus, May 6, Delegate, Daniel Peck.

1873—Assembled at Columbus, May 13. Adjourned to Cincinnati. Delegate, Daniel G. T. Cowen.

SHERIFFS.

From 1851 to 1803—Jacob Coleman (appointed )

From 1803 to 1809—Josiah Hedges, elected.

From 1809 to 1812—James Hcdges, elected.

From 1812 to 1813—Anthony Weir, elected.

From 1813 to 1819—David Moore, elected.

From 1819 to 1824—William Perrino, elected.

From 1824 to 1826—Solomon Bentley, Sr., elected.

From 1826 to 1830—Ezer Ellis, elected.

From 1830 to 1832—Solomon Bentley, Sr., elected.

From 1832 to 1836—William H. Johnston, elected,

From 1836 to 1838—John Lippincott, elected,

From 1838 to 1844—William P. Simpson, elected.

From 1844 to 1848—Hugh McNeely, elected.

From 1848 to 1850—James McConaughy, elected.

From 1850 to 1856—J. C. Nichols, elected.

From 1856 to 1860—John S. Anderson, elccted.

From 1860 to 1862—Patrick Lochary, elected.

From 1862 to 1866—George H. Umstead, elected.

From 1866 to 1868—S B. Piper, elected.

From 1868 to 1870—W. H. Hays, elected.

From 1870 to 1876—W. C. Cochran, elected.

From 1876 to 1878—W. G. Kinney, elected.

From 1878 to 1880—S. Hillis, elected.

*In 1851 the new Constitution was adopted, and the term of office was changed from one to two years.

I-23---B. & J. Cos.

TREASURERS.

From 1801 to 1804—Daniel McElherron, (appointed).

From 1804 to 1807—Andrew Marshall, (appointed).

From 1807 to 1812—Josiah Hedges, (appointed).

From 1812 to 1814—Jeremiah Fairhurst, (appointed),

From 1814 to 1825—Solomon Bentley, elected.

From 1825 to 1827—James Kelsey, elected.

From 1827 to 1833—John McElroy, elected.

From 1833 to 1839—Jacob Neiswanger, elected.

From 1839 to 1843—John Eaton, Jr., elected.

From 1843 to 1845-3. M. Mitchell, elected.

From 1845 to 1849—Lycurgus Jennings, elected.

From 1849 to 1853—John Kelly, elected.

From 1853 to 1857—Thomas Johnson, elected.

From 1857 to 1859—John Twinan, elected.

From 1859 to 1861—I. H. Patterson, elected.

From 1861 to 1863—Amos Glover, elected.

From 1863 to 1867—Barkley Cooper, elected.

From 1867 to 1871—James Irwin, elected.

From 1871 to 1873—Andrew Porterfield, elected.

From 1873 to 1877—William J. Kelly, elected.

From 1877 to 1879—Hamilton Eaton, electcd.

CLERKS OF THE COURT.

From 1801 to 1806—Elijah Woods, appointed,

From 1806 to 1810—James Caldwell, appointed.

From 1810 to 1813—Josiah Hedges, appointed,

From 1813 to 1826—Ezer Ellis, appointed,

From 1826 to 1834—Peter Tallman, Sr., appointed.

From 1834 to 1846—J. C. Tallman, appointed.

From 1846 to 1850—R. H. Miller, appointed.

From 1850 to 1851—J. H. Heaton, appointed.

From 1851 to 1852—St Clair Kelley, appointed.

From 1852 to 1855—J. H. Heaton, elected.

From 1855 to 1856—W. R. Carle, elected.

From 1856 to 1357—D. S. Adams, appointed.

From 1857 to 1360—S. W. Gaston, elected.

From 1860 to 1863—D. S. Adams, elected.

From 1863 to 1666—J. F. Charlesworth, elected,

From 1866 to 1869—J. R. Mitchell, elected.

From 1869 to 1872—J. B. Campbell, elected.

From 1872 to 1878—J. R. Mitchell, elected.

From 1878 to 1881—A. C. Darrah, elected,

COMMISSIONERS.

1804—Leven Okey, John McWilliams, and Robert Giffin.

1806—Leven Okey, John McWilliams, and Alexander Boggs.

1808—Leven Okey, John McWilliams, and Sterling Johnston.

1810-John McWilliams, Sterling Johnston, arid Peter Tallman,

1811—John McWilliams, Pcter Tallman, and Alexander Boggs.

1818—Peter Tallman, Alexander Boggs, and Joseph Morrison,

1821—Joseph Morrison, David Neiswanger, and John Nich ols.

1824—Joseph Morrison, David Neiswanger, and John Nichols.

1829—David Smith, Isaac Barton, and David Neiswanger.

1830—David Neiswanger, Isaac Barton, and David Smith.

1833—David Neiswanger, Isaac Barton, and Thomas Heaney.

1836—Thomas Armstrong, Isaac Barton, and Thomas Heaney.

1837—Isaac Patton, Isaac Barton, and Thomas Armstrong.

1838-Isaac Patton, William Workman, and William Cook

1839—John Cook, William Workman, and Isaac Patton.

1840—Peter A. Dallas, John Cook, and Thomas Pilcher.

1842—Robert B. Grcen, Thomas Filcher, and Peter A. Dallas.

1843—Robert B. Green, William Workman, and John Lyle.

1844—David Harris, R. B. Green, and joint Lyle.

1845—Stephen C. Gregg, R. B. Green; and John Lyle.

1846—Jacob Coleman, David Harris. and S. C. Gregg.

1847—David Harris, Jacob. Coleman, and S. C. Gregg.

1848—S. C. Gregg, Jacob Coleman, and David Harris.

1849—James Norman, David Harris, and S, C. Gregg.

1850—S. C. Vance, James Neuman, and S. C. Gregg.

1851—Ira Lewis, S. C. Vance, and James Neuman.

1852—James Neuman, S. C. Vance, and Ira Lewis.

1853—Thomas Majors, Ira Lewis, and and James Neuman,

180 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

1854—Thomas Majors, —Hatcher, and Michael Danford.

1855—Thomas Majors, ___ Hatcher, and Michael Danford.

1856—John Majors, Michael Danford, and John Johnston.

1857—John Majors, Michael Danford, and John Johnston.

1858—John Majors, H. Massie, and John Johnston.

1859--J. T. Scofield, Gee. C. Bethel, and H. Massie.

1860—William Wilkinson, J. T. Scofield, and G. C. Bethel.

1861— James Alexander, J. T. Scofield, and William Wilkinson,

1862—Jesse Barton, James Alexander, William Wilkinson.

1863—William Wilkinson, Jesse Barton, and James Alexander.

1864—William Wilkinson, Jesse Barton, and J ames Alexander.

1865--Dennis Kemp, William Wilkinson, and James Alexander.

1866—W. M. Campbell, Dennis Kemp, and James Alexander.

1867—James Alexander, Dennis Kemp, and James Campbell.

1868-H. Frasher, James Campbell, and James Alexander.

1869—Wm. Armstrong, H .Frasher, and James Alexander.

1870—James Kinney, H. Frasher, and James Alexander.

1871—H. Frasher, Win. Armstrong, and James Kinney.

1872—Win. Armstrong, B. E. Dugan, and James Kinney.

1873—Solomon Hogue, B. E. Dugan, and James Alexander.

1874—Wm. Barber, Solomon Hogue, and James Alexander.

1875- I. J. Potts, Solomon Hogue, and Wm. Barber.

1876—A. W. Anderson, Wm. Barker, and I, J. Potts.

1877—H. Frostier, A. W. Anderson, and I. J. Potts.

1878—I. J. Potts, A. W. Anderson, and H. Frostier.

AUDITORS.

From 1823 to 1825—Peter Tallman.

From 1825 to 1836—Wm. McNeely.

From 1836 to 1838—G. S: Nagle.

From 1838 to 1840—Wm. Anderson.

From 1840 to 1842—T. Hoge.

From 1842 to 1844—Wm. Dunn.

From 1844 to 1848—Wm. Pancoast.

From 1848 to 1852—David Allen.

From 1852 to 1854—David Truman.

From 1854 to 1856—James F. Charlesworth.

From 1856 to 1858—Stephen Gressinger.

From 1858 to 1862—C. L. Poorman.

From 1862 to 1866—R. S. Clark.

From 1866 to 1871—R. M. Clark.

From 1871 to 1873—J. B. Longly.

From 1873 to 1877—W. E. Stamp.

From 1877 to 1880--W. N. Coffland.

PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS.

From 1801 to 1804—Charles Hammond, appointed.

From 1804 to 1808—Jacob Nagle, appointed.

From 1808 to 1815—George Paull, appointed.

From 1815 to 1825—David Jennings appointed.

From 1825 to 1833--W. B. Hubbard.

From 1833 to 1837—Wilson Shannon, elected.

From 1837 to 1841—William Kennon, elected.

From 1841 to 1845—R. J. Alexander, elected.

From 1845 to 1849—C. C. Carroll, elected.

From 1849 to 1851—Joseph A. Ramage, elected.

From 1851 to 1855—Isaac E. Eaton, elected.

From 1855 to 1859—D. D, T. Cowen, elected.

From 1859 to 1861—Lorenzo Danford, elected.

From 1861 to 1865—John A. Work, elected.

From 1865 to 1867—Robert H. Cochran, elected.

From 1867 to 1871--John W. Shannon, elected.

From 1871 to 1877—Wilson S. Kennon, elected.

From 1877 to 1880—.R. M. Eaton, elected.

PROBATE JUDGES.

From 1851 to 1857—David Harris.

From 1857 to 1863—Robert Claudy.

From 1863 to 1866—C. W. Carroll.

From 1866 to 1869—A. W. Anderson.

From 1869 to 1878-C. W. Carroll.

From 1878 to 1881—Thomas Cochran.

RECORDERS.

The following named gentlemen have served in the office of County Recorder in the order in which they are placed :

Sterling Johnston,

William Faris,

G. S. Nagle,

Peter Tallman,

William Faris,

Robert Giffen,

M. J. Ward,

George Anderson,

S. M. Howey,

Felix Martin,

John Bickham,

John C. Bolon,

William Barnes,

James Barnes.

CORONERS.

From 1801 to 1806---John Dugan.

From 1806 to 1814—Joseph Morrison.

From 1814 to 1823—William Stevenson.

From 1823 to 1828—Wilmeth Jones, From

From 1828 to 1830--George S. Nagle.

From 1830 to 1832—John Scatterday.

From 1832 to 1834—Robert McMasters.

From 1834 to 1836—Wm, Kinney.

From 1836 to 1838—Moses Rhodes.

From 1838 to 1840—Joseph Moose,

From 1840 to 1841—Joseph Hargrave.

From 1841 to 1843—James Smith.

From 1843 to 1845—H. Ferguson.

From 1845 to 1849—Oliver Cunningham.

From 1849 to 1853—James Nichol.

From 1853 to 1859—Patrick Lochary.

From 1859 to 1863—George Criswell.

From 1863 to 1865—William Wilkinson.

From 1865 to 1866—Andrew Grubb.

From 1866. to 1870—George Criswell.

From 1870 to 1872—E. B, Kennedy:

From 1872 to 1878—Thomas Garrett.

From 1878 to 1880—E. B. Kennedy.

INFIRMARY DIRECTORS.

1842—William Lemon, Alex. Hannah and J. C, Anderson, elected.

1843—Henry West, elected.

1844—Stephen Pancoast, elected.

1845—Reuben Miller, elected.

1846—George Vanlaw, elected.

1847—Stephen Pancoast, elected.

1848—Abner Lodge and F. R. Phillips, elected.

1849—George Vanlaw, elected,

1850—Jacob Gosset, elected.

1851—Abner Lodge, elected.

1852—Balaam Nichols, elected.

1853—Hugh Ferguson, elected.

1854—Balaam Nichols, elected.

1855—T. R. Phillips, elected.

1856—Hugh Ferguson, elected.

1857—T. R. Phillips, elected.

1858—Hugh Ferguson, elected.

1859—Abner Lodge, elected.

1860 —Oliver Taylor, elected.

1861-William Caldwell, elected.

1862—John Taggart, elected.

1863—R. J. Pollock, elected.

1864—Wm. Caldwell, elected.

1865—Balaam Nichols, elected.

1866—Nathaniel Taylor, elected.

1867—Wm. Caldwell, elected.

1868—Wm. Parkinson, elected.

1869—Nathaniel Taylor, elected.

1870—Jacob Gosset, elected.

1871—Wm. Parkinson, elected.

1872—Wm. Ramage, elected.

1873—Thomas Lodge, elected.

1874—John Anderson and N. Taylor, elected.

1875—Wm. Parkinson, elected.

1876—Labon Lodge, elected.

1877—Nathaniel Taylor, elected.

1878—Wm. Parkinson, elected.

OFFICIAL VOTE FOR GOVERNOR IN BELMONT COUNTY.

The following shows the number of votes cast in Belmont county for Governor, with the list of candidates from the organ-

HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 181

ization of the same. Arthur St. Clair being the territorial governor, having received his appointment by the government, July 13th, 1788, served as such until the close of the year 1802, when he was removed by Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States, and then Charles W. Byrd, of Hamilton county, Secretary of the territory, acted as governor from 1802 to March 3, 1803. He was succeeded by Gov. Edward Tiffin, who served until March 3, 1807, when he resigned, to accept the office of United States Senator. Gov. Tiffin received 571 votes in Belmont county :

Number of acres in meadow for the year 1872, in Belmont county, was 23,191; tons of hay, 20,649 ; number of acres in clover, 3,931 ; tons of hay, 3,328; bushels of seed, 2,203; acres plowed under for manure, 147.

Number of acres down in timothy for 1873 was 23,795 ; tons of hay, 21,060 ; number of acres down in clover, 3,941; tons of hay, 3,766 ; bushels of seed, 1,102 ; acres plowed under for manure, 77.

Number of acres down in timothy for 1874 was 23,306; tons of hay, 14,197 ; number down in clover, 5,846 ; tons of hay, 40,810; bushels of seed, 769.

Number of acres down in timothy in 1875 was 25,548 ; tons of hay, 21,013; number in clover, 878: tons of hay, 691; bushels seed, 49 ; acres plowed under, 91.

Number of acres gown in meadow in 1876, 28,619 ; tons of hay, 28,735 ; number of acres in clover, 1,120 ; tons of hay, 1,052 ; bushels of seed, 416 ; acres plowed under for manure, 90.

HORTICULTURAL STATISTICS.

The following statistics are given for the purpose of showing to what extent horticulture is carried on in Belmont county:

Average of orchards in 1872 was 6,065.

Apples gathered 413,206 bushels.

Peaches " 1,281

Pears “ 3,438 "

Number acres planted in grapes 45, and the whole number in vineyards, 164 ¼

Pounds of grapes gathered - 200,889

Gallons of wine pressed - 6,072

Average of orchards in 1873 was 5,834.

Apples gathered 192,408 bushels.

Peaches— 624 "

Pears . . 2,486

Number of acres planted in grapes 11, the whole number in vineyards 134.

Pounds of grapes gathered .. 243,251

Gallons of wine . . 18,320

Average of orchards in 1874, 6,010.

Apples gathered . . 252,681 bushels

Peaches . . 33,025

Pears . . 4,826

Pounds of grapes gathered . . 191,196

Gallons of wine . . 16,936

Average of orchards in 1875, 6,092.

Apples gathered 6,128 bushels

Peaches " 17 bushels

Pears .. 20 bushels

Pounds of grapes gathered 289,230

Gallons of wine . . 2,591

Average of orchards in 1876, 6,317.

Apples gathered . . 514,550 bushels

Peaches “ . . 126 bushels

Pears “ . . 445 bushels

Whole number in vineyards, 108 acres.

Pounds gathered. . 195,865

Gallons made in wine . . 9,525

TOBACCO GROWING.

The cultivation of tobacco early occupied the attention of many farmers in Belmont county, and for years it has been ex-

HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 185

tensively grown, forming one among the chief exports. Thousands of pounds of this article are shipped annually from here to different points in this and other states. Like wheat, oats and corn, tobacco has been a staple product of the county. Below is given the number of pounds raised in the several townships mentioned within the county, for the year 1840

Warren township 518,068 lbs.

Flushing " 68,534 "

Kirkwood " 242,561 "

Union " 44,073 "

Goshen " 38,610 "

Smith " 53,367 "

Wayne " 209,455 "

Somerset " 454,554 "

Total number of pounds 1,629,222

In the year 1872, there were 1,969f acres planted in tobacco, from which was produced 2,398,667 pounds.

The number of acres planted in 1873, was 2,363, yielding a product of 2,480,125 pounds.

In 1874, there were but 744 acres sown in tobacco, the product, however, was 63,951.

There were 2,049 acres cultivated in 1875, and the number of pounds that year reached 1,599,252.

In 1876, 1,907 acres were put out in tobacco and from that there was raised 1,962,728 pounds.

DAIRY PRODUCTS.

The following shows the dairy products of the county for five consecutive years :

In 1872, there was produced 752,965 pounds of butter and 20,145 pounds of cheese.

In 1873, there was produced 680,087 pounds of butter and 12,840 pounds of cheese.

In 1874, 658,709 pounds of butter and 22,440 pounds of cheese.

In 1875, 669,048 pounds of butter and 300 pounds of cheese.

In 1876, 726,461 pounds of butter and 530 pounds of cheese.

FORESTS OF BELMONT COUNTY.

In 1853 the county of Belmont had 140,046 acres in forest, (according to the statistical report of 1876,) and in 1870, during an elapse of seventeen.years, there remained but 97,179 acres. In that space 2,521i acres of forest were removed, It would require from one hundred and fifty to two hundred years to produce the forest growths which the past fifty years have seen destroyed in Belmont. The most abundant forest trees in the county are as follows : White Oak, Sugar, Beach, Poplar, Walnut, Hickory, Black Oak, Chestnut, Red Oak, Locust, Chestnut Oak, Pin Oak, Maple, Linden, Elm, Sycamore, Cherry, Ash, !urn, Honey Locust, Sassafras, Smamp Oak, Mulberry and Aspen.

BELMONT AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Through the courtesy of Major Isaac Neiswanger the following history of " The Belmont County Agricultural Society " has been obtained :

This society is one among. the oldest in the State. The first organization of that character was made in the year 1838, and continued for a few years with but little encouragement, and unfortunately with little improvement in the object to be obtained, until about the year 1843, when the organization was suspended for the want of that pecuniary aid so essential to the success of all public institutions, but more particularly the want of some legislation to stimulate and encourage the development of agricultural wealth in the state of Ohio.

In the meantime a number of individuals in different parts of the state, through the aid of the press, looking to some sort of legislation to create a permanent agricultural fund, by means of which societies could be encouraged to overcome the difficulties and embarrassments under which they had so frequently failed of success.

In 1846 the legislature passed an act to incorporate a bureau of agriculture entitled the " State Board. of Agriculture," consisting of fifty-three of the most prominent individuals in the interest of agriculture and its kindred branches in the state, of which Judge Benjamin Ruggles and I. Neiswanger, of Belmont county, were among the " corporators." This board had all the power under this act to encourage and regulate societies in the local districts of the state.

In order that the burden of taxes should not be increased by providing an agricultural fund under the control of said board,

24-B. & J. COS

it was provided in said " act that the minimum amount authorized to be charged by county auditors for permits under the law of 1831 shall be doubled, and one half shall be set apart and paid into the county treasury as the part of the Agricultural fund, and the other half to be paid into the school fund. Also all the proceeds arising from the sale of property escheated to the state shall also be paid into the agricultural fund. And it is further provided in said act that each and every county society in the state be entitled to draw from said fund upon the certificate of the president of the State Board an amount equal to the amount thus raised, provided it does not exceed one-half of one cent per head of the whole population of the county wherein such society is located. In the year 1848, after the enactments aforesaid, the Belmont County Society was reorganized and brought into the parview of the law, and since that time it has prospered and gave great promise of its future usefulness in all industrial occupations. In the meantime, in the year 1859, it became necessary to accommodate the growing interest of the society, to furnish better accommodations and more secure arrangements for the exhibition at the annual fairs of the society, the products of the field and the workshop, the society purchased the beautiful ground which they now own comparative free from debt.

It would, no doubt, be a source of gratification, could we give in this article a more detailed account of the benefits derived. from county agricultural societies, as they are now organized in the State of Ohio. But fearing that it might extend this notice to too great a length, I will briefly state a few of the many advantages derived from these associations.

There are eighty-two county societies in the state, all of which are regulated and controlled by the State Board, centrally located, and each county society is required by law to report an nually to the State Board the progress of agricultural and mechanical interest, and their kindred branches of science in the county. These reports are discussed at the annual convention, composed of the members of the State Board and the presidents of the county societies. The State Board collates and publishes these reports, and they, together with other statistical information, make a volume of from four to five hundred pages, which, when published, are distributed gratuitously among the farmers, mechanics, and everybody who desires them.

The instruction derived from this source of information has tended greatly to prompt a more general enquiry after laborsaving machinery, and investment of capital in manufacturing the same, which, together with the inventive genius of man, to profit by each other's experience. It has taught the farmer how to manage the growing- of his crops,-and to get the best results he must treat the soil in a more scientific manner. It stimulated a more general inquiry after the most approved mode of getting a better class of stock, and improving and selecting the best breeds of everything about him in the way of domestic auimals.

The following is a list of the officers of the Belmont County Agricultural Society since its organization to the year 1879, inclusive

1849— Solomon Bentley, President ; Tess() Barton, Vice President ; Horton J. Howard, Secretary ; Robert H. Miller, Treasurer.

1850—S. Bentley, President ; Jesse Barton, Vice President ; Robt. J. Alexander, Secretary ; John H. Heaton, Treasurer.

1851—Christopher Hoover, President ; Wm. Estep, Vice President; James M. Kerr, Secretary ; John H. Heaton, Treasurer.

1852—C. Hoover, President ; Wm. Estep, Vice President; I. Neiswanger, Secretary ; J. H. Heaton, Treasurer.

1853—I. Neiswanger, President; Eli V, Clever, Vice President ; Clifford Arick, Secretary ; J. H. Heaton, Treasurer.

1854—I. Neiswanger, President ; Eli V. Clever, Vice President; Clifford Arick, Secretary ; John H. Heaton, Treasurer.

1855—Jonathan T. Schofield, President ; Clifford Arick, Secretary ; John H. Heaton, Treasurer.

1856—Jonathan T. Schofield, President ; Oliver Taylor, Vice President ; J. H. Heaton, Treasurer Geo. Mitchell, Secretary.

1857—Hiram Pennington, President; Oliver Taylor, Vice President•; Geo. Mitchell, Secretary ; John H. Heaton, Treasurer.

1858—Henry West, President.; Charles H. Arick, Vice President ; Joseph. R. Mitchell, Secretary ; George Brown, Treasurer.

1859—I. Neiswanger, President; Jas: Dawson, Vice-President; Ross J. Alexander, Secretary ; James W. Collins; Treasurer.

186 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

1860—Robert J. Alexander, President ; Joseph A . Harris, Secretary ; William R. Ritts, Treasurer.

1861—Jos. M. Mitchell, President ; J. A. Harris, Secretary; William R. Ritts, Treasurer.

1862—Joseph M. Mitchell, President ; Ross J. Alexander, Secretary; James A. Rinker, Treasurer.

1863—William Hardesty, President ; John Dunham, Secretary; James A. Rinker, Treasurer.

1864—William Hardesty, President ; John Dunham, Secretary; J. A. Rinker, Treasurer.

1865—Joseph M. Mitchell, President John Dunham, Secretary ; J. A. Rinker, Treasurer.

1866—Jessie Barton, President ; John Dunham, Secretary ; George Jepson, Treasurer.

1867—Isaac Welsh, President ; Robert H. Cochran, Secretary ; Ross J. Alexander, Treasurer.

1868—Isaac Welsh, President ; Robert II. Cochran, Secretary; Ross J. Alexander, Treasurer.

1869—David Brown, President ; Alexis Cope, Secretary ; Stephen Gressinger, Treasurer.

1870—David Brown, President; Alexis Cope, Secretary ; Stephen Gressinger, Treasurer.

1871--David Brown, President ; Shepherd Davis, Vice President; Alexis Cope, Secretary; Stephen Gressinger, Treasurer.

1872—I. Neiswanger, President ; Solomon Bently, Vice President; Joseph C. Pratt, Secretary ; Stephen Gressinger, Treasurer.

1873—I. Neiswanger, President ; James Irwin, Vice Presi- dent ; Isaac M. Riley, Secretary ; A. H. Mitchell, Treasurer.

1874—I. Neiswanger, President ; Thomas A. Ford, Vice President ; I. M. Riley, Secretary ; Alfred A. Mitchell, Treasurer.

1875—Charles Fl. Arick, President; Abner Lodge, Vice President; I. M. Riley, Secretary ; A. H. Mitchell, Treasurer.

1876—James F. Charlesworth, President; Samuel Campbell, Vice President; I. M. Riley, Secretary ; A. H. Mitchell, Treasurer.

1877—James F. Charlesworth, President ; Samuel Campbell, Vice President ; I. M. Riley, Secretary; A. H. Mitchell, Treasurer.

1878—J. F. Charlesworth, President ; Joseph C. Pratt, Secretary ; A. H. Mitchell, Treasurer.

1879—J. F. Charlesworth, President; Joseph C. Pratt, Secretary ; Andrew P. Blair, Treasurer.

FRIENDS' CHURCHES.

JOSEPH GARRETSON'S MEMORANDA.

As a part of the history of Friends' Churches in Belmont county we here present to our readers a transcript of memoranda made by Joseph Garretson, Sr. These memoranda show every traveling minister that visited Friends, meetings in Belmont county from 1801 to 1828 inclusive. Concord, which is mentioned in them, was a settlement at the east end of what is now Colerain township. The Friends in that settlement in 1800 erected a log meeting-house in section 7 of that township. it was the first church ever erected in Belmont county, and the first Friends, house of worship erected in the State of Ohio. The first Friends, meeting in. Ohio by authority was held at that house, and Hannah Trimble, a traveling minister on a visit there, proposed to name it Concord, which was accordingly done.

The history of the various churches will be found in the several towns and townships, but these memoranda appear to-apply to the Friends, churches in the county generally, and are therefore given a place here :

"Memoranda kept by Joseph Garretson, who removed and settled at Concord, Ohio, in the year 1801. Previous to this year there had a few Friends settled in that neighborhood, viz. : Jos. Dew, Benjamin and Borden Stanton, Horton Howard, Jonathan Taylor and others. Hannah Trimble and Hannah Kimberly were the first traveling Friends in the ministry, who traveled in Ohio. Hannah Trimble proposed to name the first Friends, meeting in Ohio, Concord, which was accordingly done.

1802—Margaret Edgar and Edward Brooke, of Pennsylvania.

1803—Samuel Atkinson, of New Jersey.

1804—John White, from Pennsylvania, and Ann Ferris, from Wilmington. Ohio.

1805-6—Hugh Judge, from Baltimore ; John Heald, from Salem, Ohio ; Abraham Branson, from Virginia, and James and John Russell Davis, from Massachusetts ; also Johathan Wright and Daniel Quinby, from New York.

1807—A quarterly meeting opened and held at Short creek, being composed of Concord, Short creek, Plymouth, Plainfield and Stillwater monthly mcetings. Joseph Dew attended the opening of this quarterly meeting and spoke very acceptably from the text : "Many have desired to see these days and have not seen them • what shall we render unto the Lord for all His favors, &c." Mary and Ann Mifflin, from near Baltimore. Richard Mott, scarcely middle-aged, a very eloquent speaker.

1808-9—Hugh Judge a second time. John Simpson, from Pennsylvania, who spoke encouragingly to the sincere of all professions. Elizabeth Coggshell, from New York, a very acceptable minister, spoke from the text : "Unto us a son is born, unto us a child is given," &c. Edward Brooks a second time ; Abel Thomas, from Pennsylvania ; Gideon Mulleneux, from New Jersey or New York, and John Heald a second time.

1811—This year I removed and settled near Barnesville, Ohio ; and the following named Friends in the course of a religious visit attended at Stillwater : Mahlon Hocket, from North Carolina , Mary Barker and Lydia Gardner, from Nantucket.

1812—Charles Osborne, from Tennessee, and Wm. Williams, from same place, both able speakers ; Susannah Horne, from England, and Christopher Anthony, from Virginia.

1813—Mildred Ratcliff on her way to attend the opening of Ohio Yearly Meeting, which was to take place at Short creek this year ; Jesse Kersey and Daniel Quinby also attended this yearly meeting. The public meeting (at that Y. M.) on the 5th day was divided into two separate meetings, both composed of men and women Friends. Jesse (Kersey) was in the shed (an addition that used to stand adjoining the brick meeting house at Short creek) and spoke about an hour in a beautiful manner. Daniel (Quinby) arose just at the same time in the brick house and spoke as long to a minute in a very impressive manner—both meetings broke at the same time to all appearance.

1814—Nathan Hunt, from North Carolina; James Mendenhall, from Virginia; Thomas Antrim, from Darby creek, Ohio ; and Hugh Judge, of Washington City, who settled in Barnesville about the year 1815.

1815—Mildred Ratcliff, George Hatton and Charles Osborne visited the meetings this year.

1816 —Hannah Baldwin, from North Carolina ; Letitia Weyer, from near Philadelphia ; and Holiday Jackson.

1817—Edward Brooks and Daniel Aldricks, from Wilmington ; Elizabeth Waker, from New York ; Elijah Hoag and his son, from Vermont Gideon Mulleneaux, from New Jersey; Amos Peasley, frow kw York or New Jersey ; Mahlon Hocket, and Elizabeth Hunt from Pennsylvania.

1818—Mary Naplil, from England ; Susannah Smith, from Philadelphia ; Jonathan Wright, from Virginia, and Elizabeth Hunt, from Pennsylvania.

1819—Charles Osborne again ; William Rickman, from. England James Halleck, from New York ; Priscilla Hunt, Sarah Emlen and George flatten.

1820—Abraham Branson, from Virginia; William Williams; Mary B. Allen and Alice Rathbone, from Nantucket ; Daniel Pucket, from North Carolina; Christopher Healy, from New England, and John Heald, from Ohio.

1821—Jonathan Taylor, Amos Peasley and Elizabeth Coggshell, from New York ; William Foster, of England ; Mildred Ratcliff, who attended the opening of the first Quarterly Meeting at Stillwater the 28th of 11th month ; Elisha Bates also attended this year.

1822—William Flanner, William Foster and Aseneth Hunt, from North Carolina ; Dugan Clark, Daniel Pucket, from Indiana.

1823—Eleazer Haveland, Enoch Pearson, Daniel Williams, Daniel Wood, Rebecca Updegraff, Thomas Arnet, from North Carolina, and Jonathan Taylor,

1824—Joseph Hoag, from Vermont ; Townsend Hawkhurst, from Long Island ; Micajah Collins, Stephen Grelette, Thomas Weatheral, from City of Washington, and Huldah Sears, from Virginia.

1825—Jonathan and Ann Taylor, William Tanner from Mt. Pleasant ; Elizabeth Robson, from England; Jane Bettle, from Pennsylvania ; Elisha Bates and Ann Taylor, from Mount Pleasant.

1826—James White, from Indiana ; Margaret Spikeman, from Pennsylvania, and Joseph Cadwalader.

1827—Jeremiah Hubbard, from North Carolina ; William Wood, from Smithfield, Ohio.

1828—Ann Langstaff and Benjamin Ladd ; Thomas Shilotoe and Ann Breathwaite, from Great Britain ; Rowland Green, from Rhode Island ; Samuel Bettle, from Philadelphia, Dougan

HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 187

Clark and Miriam Mendenhall, from. North Carolina : Isaac Hammer, from Tennessee, and Charles Osborne, from Indiana.

NOTE.—It is not intended that it shall be understood that all those travelling Friends attended all the meetings belonging to the V. M.; but that they attended the Y. M. or some of the particular meetings within its compass, and many of them all the meetings."

BIOGRAPHICAL.

HON. WILSON SHANNON.

BY R. H. TANEYHILL.

The Shannon family, of which Hon. Wilson Shannon was a a member, is the most distinguished one that has yet lived in the bounds of Belmont county. The ancestry of the family were natives of Ireland, as the name indicates. They in all probability lived on its western shore or dwelt along the banks of the largest river where waters flow through " the green island of the sea," The first known ancestor and the immediate progenitor of that family was an Irish merchant, who, about the middle of the last century bid farewell to his native land to go and seek a home and better his fortunes in the wilds of America. He sailed from Ireland for this country, with his wife and his little son George, about the year 1760. His wife dying on the passage was buried in the ocean, and he and his little boy after a long and stormy voyage landed at Wilmington, Delaware. In a short time business demanded his return to Ireland. So leaving little George with an Episcopalian clergyman of Wilmington he set sail for his father-land, but was lost at sea.

The little boy had fallen among friends and his orphanage excited their highest generosity towards him. He was reared and educated by them as if he had been one of their own children. But as he grew to manhood, stimulated by that restless westward tending spirit so characteristic of our people, he left Wilmington and pushed out into the wilds of Pennsylvania. He settled in Bedford county, that state, and in the year 1783 married Miss Jane Milligan, a farmer's daughter. Immediately after his marriage he crossed the mountains and settled near the town of Claysville, Washington county, Pa., upon lands now known as the Porter farm, but then were called Waller's fort, as a block-house had been erected thereon by the first settlers. Here were born unto him five sons and one daughter in the order named, to-wit : George, Thomas, John, Nancy, James and David. In the spring of 1796 he moved to Ohio county, Va., about four miles from Wheeling. Here were born two other children, a boy and a girl, in the order named, to-wit : Lavina and Arthur. In the spring of 1800 he moved into Belmont county and settled .in what is now Kirkwood township, on the lands now known as the James Deal farm. In the spring of 1801 he moved into what is now Warren township and located a piece of government lands, which was entered by Thomas Moore, of Loudon county, Va., in the following summer. It was quarter of section 12, survey of 1785. After Mr. Moore entered those lands he rented them to Mr. Shannon for a tefu' of years. Mr. Shannon before locating on the lands had put up a cabin and cleared some ground. Having leased the lands he proceeded to make other permanent improvements. The cabin erected by him stood almost precisely where Mr. Jones now resides, a few hundred yards northwest of the town of Mt. Olivet, on the old Boden road from Barnesville to the national turnpike. The farm from the time Mr. Moore entered the lands to this day has been known by the name of the Moore farm. At this cabin on the 24th day of February, A.. D. 1802, Wilson Shannon was born—the first born child of Warren township.

In January, 1803, Mr. George Shannon went out hunting early one morning. Late in the afternoon a heavy snow storm began to rage and as he was making homeward through the storm and the woods he became bewildered, and after wandering about in a circle that constantly lessened as he walked and night coming on he made several unsuccessful efforts to kindle a fire. Failing to ignite the tow, and overpowered by exhaustion, he seated himself against the foot of a large sugar tree and in the morning was found frozen to death. His death- occurred on lands now owned by Wm. Tabbert, Sr., a short distance east of the town of Mt. Olivet. He was buried in the "Township Burial ground" at southwest corner of section ten, and he was the first person ever buried in it.

At the death of W. Shannon the charge, care and support of the family, nine persons in number, fell on Thomas the oldest son then at home, and well and faithfully did he peform the duty imposed upon him. Although only in his sixteenth year, he pushed on the operations for the farm and performed much labor

I-24—B, & J, Cos.

for the neighbors and new-comers, and he and his little brothers made a good living for the family and added money to that which had been left by the father.

George, the oldest son, who was of an adventurous and roving nature, towards the end of 1802, left home to make a living for himself. He made several trips up and down the Ohio, and near the close of 1803 he joined the Lewis and Clark expedition, then camped for the winter on what was then called Wood river in the state of Illinois, nearly opposite St. Louis, Missouri. As a member of that expedition he was private secretary of Lewis & Clark and one of its most courageous characters, and did much to keep up the spirits of the men to encounter the hardships and perils of its journeyings. As she expedition was returning it quarted for the winter with the Mandan Indians on the upper Mississippi. During its stay, Capt. Merriweather Lewis pursuaded a chief and his family to go with them to Washington City to see the "Great Father," promising the chief that he would see him safe back to his people. Having seen the President, Capt. Lewis true to his promise, obtained of the President some soldiers and a commission to George Shannon as an escort to the old chief and family to their home. When Capt. Shannon with his soldiers and charge approached the country of the Mandan tribe he found that the Rickarees and they were at war against each other. One day Shannon,s escort encountercd a gang of Rickaree warriors. The Rickarees at once. began a plot to capture and massacre the escort and the chief and his family. They proffered Capt. Shannon a grand treat. The boats were moored and securely tied to trees, and the escort was about to go on shore when fortunately a Mandan squaw, a captive with the Rickarees, suddenly leaped on board of one of the boats. That disconcerted the whole plot. The warriors rushed towards the boats, the ropes were cut and the boats pushed outinto the river. Capt. Shannon, observing a warrior closer than he should be, shot him dead. That brought on a general fight, in which Shannon had the bone of one of his legs fractured. The escort with the boats escaped without the loss of a man, but Shannon being wounded the expedition was forced to return to St. Louis, which place they reached in safety. Capt. Shannon here had his leg properly dressed, and had he taken the care of himself that he should, the limb would have been saved, but he ventured to walk upon it before it was entirely well, and broke off the bone afresh, and to save his life the leg was amputated, The escort disbanded and the Mandan chief and his family had to remain at St. Louis nearly a year, when they were escorted safely home by one Capt. Williams, an old trapper.

So soon as George Shannon was able to make the journey he went to the city of New York, and for a year or so assisted in the publication of an account of the Lewis and Clark expedition. After the publication of the account he returned to the west and located at Lexington, Kentucky. He here taught school and completed his education ; then studied law and entered upon its practice at that place. In a few years he was elected a circuit judge and served a term of three years in that office. In 1828, he removed to the state of Missouri. He was there sent to the State Senate, was appointed United States District Attorney by President Jackson, and was a candidate for the United States Senate against Thomas H. Benton at his second re-election. This opposition to Mr. Benton arose out of a party feud, as Mr. Shannon was always a firm Democrat in politics. In August, 1836, while he was attending to some real estate business near Palmyra, Missouri, he was taken ill with a cramp colic, which all remedies proved powerless to relieve, and he died in a few days.

In a year or two after the death of the father, John, the third son, who had always had the best constitution of any Of the family, developed into rugged manhood, and, having an eye for business, shrewd and judicial, he advised the purchase of eighty acres of land some little improved, and offered for sale by the owner, Mr. John Dougherty. His advice was followed, and the lands bought in the name of the mother. Those lands lie about two miles west of where the family then lived, and are now owned and occupied by Alexander Ogg, southwest quarter of section 23. The family removed to those lands in the spring of 1806.

While the family still resided on the Moore farm an accident occurred to Wilson that marked him for life. He and his brother Arthur were playing about the wood pile, and by a chance blow of the axe Arthur cut off the little and next finger of the right hand of Wilson. This disfigurement of the hand led to quite an amusing incident. While Wilson was state attorney of Belmont county, a large crowd of witnesses appeared at court from the then rough hills of Captina creek. Of course this. crowd

188 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

had their leading man, up to whom all the others looked. As a sample of how they should bemean themselves in the presence of the dignitaries of the county seat and imposing gravity of the high Court of Common Pleas, this leader, not exactly posted himself; called upon their friend Wilson for directions how they should act when called on to be sworn. Wilson, always kind and amiable, gave them full directions, and, to insure success, told him to do just as he did. The roll being called, the crowd pressed to their places and were ready to be sworn. The leader kept his eye on Wilson, and the crowd on their leader. "Bold up your right hands," exclaimed the clerk. Up went Wilson's right hand, the leader's, then the rest. The leader, seeing only two of Wilson,s fingers up, closed down his little finger and the next, and so did his fellows, and the oath was given amid the titter of the bystanders and the smile of the judges.

While the family resided on the Moore farm little Arthur died and was buried by the side of his father in the township burial ground.

After the family had removed to its new home Thomas and John put their judgments, energies and labors together, and, wielding their own and their brother's muscles skillfully, soon began to lay up money. They carried on the affairs of the home farm so as to reap ample reward, and in the winter and spring devoted whatever of spare time they had to clearing lands for others. The price then for clearing an acre of land was from five to ten dollars, and they often made fifty to a hundred dollars a season at that labor. By the year 1812 the family had accumulated money enough, which when joined to the proceeds of the mother's lands that had been sold to Mr. Robert Ogg, to enter the lands that formed the homestead farm of Mr. John Shannon, being the southeast quarter of section 30 and the southwest quarter of section 18, and now making a part of the farm of Mr. Joseph Renner. The first of these tracts was entered in the name of John and the latter in the name of Thomas Shannon—John, as the difference between the tracts, engaging to support his mother during her entire life.

The war of 1812 coming on, John, at the first draft, was drafted for a period of six months and served out his time in Capt. Joseph Kirkwood's company, and James became a recruiting officer in the service of the state. Thomas was drafted at the second draft, and was elected captain of the Belmont county company, and served out his time in Colonel DeLong's regiment. At the close of the war Thomas took up the trade of carpenter and followed that business for several years. John returned to his farm, and David, James and Wilson with him. And so the family remained for a year or two, when David and James removed to Lexington, Ky., to close out their education with George. Having completed his education David went to Florida, where he became private secretary to General Jackson, and during a temporary absence of the General discharged the duties of territorial governor. Shortly after this he died.

James studied law with George, was admitted to the bar and soon became a leading and prominent lawyer at Lexington, Ky. He married a daughter of ex-Governor Shelby, In 1832 he was appointed by President Jackson Charge d'Affaires to the Federation of Central, America. He reached his post, but had scarcely entered on the discharge of the duties of the office, when lie fell a victim to that scourge of the South, the yellow fever.

In the year 1820, by the united efforts of Thomas and John, Wilson Shannon was sent to the Ohio University, at Athens, Ohio, to finish his education. He remained there two years when he was placed by his brother George at Transylvania 'University, Kentucky. Without graduating he began the study of the law with George, but in a short time returned to St. Clairsville and finished his course with Charles Hammond and David Jennings. Having been admitted to the bar he and the now venerable and learned Judge Kennon, Sr., formed a law partnership for the practice of the law, which continued for several years. Mr. Shannon soon became a leading member of that able bar and held that rank until he left St. Clairsville permanently.

In 1832 he ran tor Congress on the Democratic ticket, in opposition to that celebrated jurist, James M. Bell, of Cambridge, the Whig candidate, and was defeated by a majority of thirty-seven. However in his native county lie beat Mr. Bell 298 votes.

The General Assembly of 1832 having made the office of State,s Attorney an elective one, Mr. Shannon in 1833 run for that office and was elected by a majority of 1,265 votes over his opponent, Mr. William McMahon, the Whig candidate.

In 1838 Mr. Shannon was put in nomination by the Democrats for Governor or the state. The currency or the state had become so worthless, its banks so corrupt and its finances, as a consequence, so debased, that the people began to demand that proper legislation be had to remove that pecuniary debauchery. Mr, Shannon offered them as a panacea for those monetary ills, "bank reform" and that swept the state like a cyclone. lie was triumphantly elected hy a majority of 5,738 votes over the Whig candidate, lion. Joseph Vance, and so became the first native born governor of Ohio. In 1840 he was again a candidate, but opposition to the Whigs that year was fruitless and he was beaten by Mr. Corwin by the unprecedented majority of 16,130 votes. In 1842 Mr. Shannon was again nominated by the Democrats for governor and the people believing that some how through the banking ideas of Mr; Shannon a sound monetary policy would come, re-elected him by a majority of 3,893 votes over Mr. Corwin. The people were not mistaken, for in a few years the Ohio state bank system of banking was created by the General Assembly and was the best ever devised by any state in the American Union, and the germinal idea of that system was the intellectual product of Gov. Shannon.

At the election of 1842 the Democrats secured a large majority of the legislature on joint ballot. There were many opponents to the re-election of Hon. William Allen, to the U. S. Senate and they determined to defeat him in caucus if possible. To attain that end they prevailed upon Governor Shannon to be the opposing candidate, but he was defeated in the caucus by a majority or one vote. Mr. Shannon refused to use his personal influence to secure his election and therefore took no part in the contest personally. If he had gone into the arena with his magical personal powers there is not a doubt but that he would have defeated Senator Allen. Mr. Shannon and Senator Allen were personal and political friends and the struggle for the Senatorship did not in the least disturb the strength or sincerity of that friendship and it continued steadfast and true while they both lived.

On the 13th day of April, 1844, Governor Shannon resigned the office of Governor to accept the position of Minister to Mexico, to which court he had been accredited by President Tyler by commission signed on the 9th of April, 1844. He continue at the Court of Mexico until the 14th of May, 1845, when diplomatic intercourse was suspended with that Republic, and hi demanded his passports. He returned to St. Clairsville, bu soon after he moved to Cincinnati, where he remained about six months, and then moved back to St. Clairsville. During the gold excitement of 1849 Mr. Shannon formed company of twenty-five men, and, at his own expense, tool them to California with the intention of mining for gold. The expedition was a failure. The company disbanded, and Mr Shannon released every man gem his obligation to him. Ii then located at San Francisco and engaged in the practice of his profession. In about two years he returned to his family at St.Clairsville.

In 1852 Mr. Shannon was elected by the Democrats to Congress for the district composed of the counties of Belmont, Guernsey,. Noble and Monroe. While in Congress he served on the committee on foreign affairs, and was one of the four Ohio Democrats who voted for the Kansas and Nebraska bill. After the close of his Congressional term he was appointed Governor of Kansas by President Pierce, and located at its then capital, Lecompton. He continued to be governor of that distracted territory until 1857, when he was relieved at his own request, and was succeeded by Governor Geary, of Pennsylvania. During Mr. Shannon's gubernatorial term in Kansas its capital was removed to Lawrence. Soon after he became governor of Kansas he removed his family to Lawrence, where they have resided ever since.

After retiring from the office of governor Mr. Shannon engaged actively in the practice of his profession; and for over twenty years he was regarded hy his brotherhood as the foremost lawyer in the state. His practice was very extensive, and was confined to the most important cases litigated in the state. In 1875 he, in connection with Hon. Jeremiah Black, of Pennsylvania, argued the celebrated Osage land case before the Supreme Court of the United States and won the case for the settlers. While on his journey to Washington to make his argument he paid his last visit to his native county and greeted his old companions and friends for the last time. He was the picture of a hearty, hale old man of the olden time—kind of heart, honorable in principle, and every look, move and word overflowing with benevolence and love to all. He visited his old homestead at the west end of St. Clairsville, examined its walls, inspected its rooms, and strolled along its walks, and said : "I want once

HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 189

more to own the old home and come and spend my last days with my old friends and neighbors." Rut the yearnings of his heart did not reach fruition, for in less than two years he was called "to rest from his labors, He died in the year 1877, and was buried at Lawrence, in his adopted state.

Governor Shannon was married twice. His first wife was Miss Elizabeth Ellis, a sister of Mrs. Judge Kennon of St; Clairsville. They had one child, James, who died after arriving at manhood, and is buried in the M. E. Cemetery at that town. After the death of his first wife he married Miss Sarah Osborn of Cadiz, Ohio. Four sons and three daughters were born to them. Three of the sons, John, Albert and Wilson, have died since the family removed to Kansas. Osborn, the only surviving son, lives in Lawrence, Kansas, and was engaged with his father in the practice of law. Mary, the eldest daughter, is the wife of General T. W. Sherman, a regular army officer stationed at Newport, Rhode Island. Sallie is married to a man named Walsh, and lives at St. Louis. The other daughter is married and resides in the State of Maryland.

Politically Governor Shannon was a Democrat, and throughout life he clung to the fortunes of the Democratic party. He rejoiced in its triumphs and sorrowed in its defeats, but whether victory perched upon its banners, or disaster overwhelmed its legions, he personally preserved the integrity of his honor and the dignity of his manhood, and passed through life and to his exalted political distinctions without a spot upon his name.

As a lawyer, Governor Shannon was bold, persevering and diligent. Re was a great student and sounded the profoundest depths of legal learning to which his mental powers would reach. To the members of the bar he was courteous, to the court and jury he was respectful, and to witnesses kind and forbearing. Te the younger members of the profession he was always early to extend a helping hand, and never seemed so happy as when he was assisting them to untie the knotted threads of their cases, or aiding them over the rough places of their business.

Governor Shannon was a man of noble presence ; tall and erect, but gracefully built ; his, eyes deep blue face slightly. florid ; his hair a dark auburn, rather stiff and bristly and was always cut short. He never wore a beard, but kept it closely shaven. He was a gentleman in the highest and noblest sense of the word, and "in all the tender and affectionate relations of life that bind man to wife, children, kindred and friends he Was all that love could demand, affection claim, friendship ask, or humanity expect from mortal man.

JOHN SHANNON.

Mr. John Shannon continued on the home farm in section 30, during his life. He supported his mother while she lived and gave material aid and wise counsel to his brothers whenever their Interests required them. He was the kindest of husbands, the most affectionate of. fathers and the best neighbor the community had, He really carried his kindness to his neighbors to an extreme, as he often discommoded himself to accommodate them. Over his sisters he exercised the watchful care of a father, and when each was married gave her an outfit with which to start on the journey of married life. Nancy, the eldest sister, married Mr. Morgan Gilliland, and Lavina, the younger sister, Mr. Humphrey Anderson, a young farmer of the neighborhood.

The most distinguished member of the Shannon family now living is the Hon. Isaac Parker, of St. Joseph Mo., a grandson of John Shann In. He was born in Warren township, was educated at the Classical Institute of Prof. John I. Thompson at Barnesville, studied law with John Davenport, Esq., and then "went west and grew up with the country." He has been circuit judge for the St. Joseph district, Mo., a member of Congress from same district, and is now U. S. District Judge for the Seuthern District of that state.

In early and mature manhood Mr. John Shannon was a great hunter and very often exposed himself to the in clemencies of the weather, the ill effects of which, as he grew older, made him an invalid, and he was confined to his farm for many years previous to his death. He died on the 8th of January, A. D. 1861, and was buried at Gibron,s Chapel. It is useless to say that his death was regretted by all and that it threw a gloom over the whole township, for John Shannon was bcloved by everybody, and his place could not be filled.

THOMAS SHANNON.

Thomas Shannon was born in Washington county, Pa., in the latter part of the year 1786; came to Ohio in 1800 and to Warren township the following year, where he residcd :until death. He was during almost his whole life a leading and conspicuous character in the history of Belmont county. About the year 1812. he married Miss Casandria Anderson and that union resulted in quite a family of children ; the only survivor of which is Mrs. Eliza Bradfield, wife of Mr. John Bradfield, the foremost dry goods and tobacco merchant at Barnesville. Immediately after his marriage Mr. Shannon sold his farm in section 18, and bought the property now the Frasier House, and began the mercantile business. At the second draft in Belmont county in the war of 1812 he was drafted for a term of six months. He was elected captain of the Belmont county company, in Colonel Delong's regiment, and served out his full term. The fabulous shrinkage of values following the war of 1812 brought disaster upon Mr. Shannon and swept away his property. He returned to farming, and in a year or two he had so far repaired his fortunes that he rented the property now owned and occupied by Mrs. Jane Piper, with the intention to engage once more in merchandizing. But his worth had become known throughout the county and in 1819 he was elected as the representative of Belmont county in the General Assembly, and was continued in that station by reelections for the years 1820-1-2. In the years 1824-5 he was once more elected to the Legislature as Representative for Belmont county.

David Jennings, the representative in Congress from the 10th Ohio District, having resigned the post, Mr. Shannon was elected to fill the vacancy, and served in the Ninteenth Congress from 1st Monday of December, 1826, to 4th March, 1827.

By this time he had accumulated enough money to become a leaf tobacco merchant. He bought the property upon which he resided, refitted it and at once began to handle leaf tobacco. He purchased nothing but yellow tobacco, which commanded very high prices in the eastern market, and he made money rapidly.

In the year 1829 he was elected as Senator for Belmont. county in the General Assembly and served the full term. In 1837 be was again elected to the General Assembly as Senator for Belmont county, and was continued as a member of that body by re-elections until 1841.

Mr. Shannon and Colonel Benjamin Mackall, in 1833, formed a partnership in the mercantile and leaf tobacco business at Barnesville, which partnership continued until 1841, having a very successful career. At the dissolution of that partnership Colonel Mackall retired and George Gilliland, a nephew, and Joseph Fry, a son-in-law of Mr. Shannon, became partners with him in the business. That partnership continued until Mr. Shannon's death, which occurred on the 16th day of March, A. D. 1843.

The popularity of Mr. Shannon was an astonishment to 0171117- body—he was never defeated for an office.

BENJAMIN LUNDY.

BY R. H. TANEYHILL.

Whatever may have been the estimate placed upon the "Old Abolitionists" by their contemporaries ; whatever may have been the opinion entertained of them by those who had to grapple with the mighty questions precipitated by their agitation of American slavery ; however they may have suffered in the earlier stages of that agitation from the scorn, contempt and hatred of their fellow men ; and however much they may have been whipped and scourged by the storm of passion they aroused and that finally swept the country on to civil war, it is certain that when the cold, calm and unyielding pon of the historian shall assign them their station in the annals of mankind, and when the unerring criticism of the ages shall fix upon them their worth, they will have accorded to them the character of Apostles of freedom and the place of teachers to this busy century. They taught the nations of earth thc way to the best political rule and to the highest Christian civilization. And so thcy will remain the lights of liberty and the heroes of human rights until that government "of the people, for the people, and by the people" shall sway in every land, and shed its blessings on every people.

And that Bclmont county furnished out of her midst the first American citizen who declared American slavery a crime ; who organized the first society whose sole object was to strike that crime out of being; and who edited the first newspaper that dared hurl the curses of outraged humanity against African slavery in the United States, is assuredly the proudest memory that can thrill the hearts of her children.

The pioneer Abolitionist in the United States was Benjamin Lundy, and he began his labors as such at St. Clairsville, Belmont county, Ohio. He there formed the first society, whose only and avowed purpose was the overthrow of African slavery

190 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

in the United States, and he there edited the first newspaper devoted to bringing into odium the monstrous crime of that slavery and to finally driving it from the nation.

Mr. Lundy was born in the state of New Jersey on the 4th day of January, A. D. 1789, at the town of Hardwick, Sussex county. Both his father and mother were Quakers, and he, of course, was born in the communion 01 that church. When he was a mere boy he gave assurance of future greatness, by doing things on his father's farm that required strength far above that possessed by him. He was of a quiet and gentle disposition and by an accident came very near losing his hearing—remaining through life partially deaf. He was about five feet five inches high and so slightly built that he appeared to be delicate. His face was a little florid, eyes pale blue and his hair bright auburn with a strong tendency to curl. His beard was light and he wore it like the Burnside style. Such are the outlines and features of him, who put in motion a set of ideas that have shaken a continent and are still thrilling the world.

The bodily powers of Mr. Lundy not increasing with his years, induced him to seek the Great West with a hope to strengthen his physical powers by the change of residence, So in 1808 he went to the vicinity of Wheeling, Va., and after working at several places west and east of that town, finally set- tled there to learn the trade of a saddler. Having finished his apprenticeship, he went to Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, but in a short time went back to New Jersey, where he was married. Soon after his marriage he returned to Ohio, settled at St. Clairsville, and set up the trade of saddle and harness maker.

When Mr. Lundy was learning his trade at Wheeling, that town was one of the great channels through which passed the slaves from the breeding lands of Maryland and East Virginia to the labor fields of the "sunny South." Gangs of slaves of both sexes, of from fifty to a hundred persons each, were often driven through the streets of that town, handcuffed in couples with a chain running between the couples to the length of the gang. Those gangs so handcuffed and secured were called. "chain gangs of slaves." It was such scenes as those that met the eyes, and wrung the heart of Mr. Lundy and caused him to write in his diary: "My heart was greatly grieved by the great abomination. I heard the wail of the captive; I felt his pang of distress, and the iron entered my soul." Nor are those reflections and feelings of Mr. Lundy to be wondered at, when we remember his temperament, the influence under which he had been raised and the trait ing he had received.

In the year 1815 he called a meeting of his neighbors to be held at his own house in the town of St. Clairsville, to organize an anti-Slavery Society. Only six persons attended that meeting, but they formed what they called a "Union Humane Society." That was the first Abolition Society ever organized in the United States. It was a small beginning of a counter-wave to the flood that was overflowing the nation. In a few weeks the house of Mr. Lundy was too little to hold the members of that society, and in six months from its "small beginning" the "Union Humane Society" had over four hundred members, and among them some of the best citizens of Belmont county.

Mr. Lundy believed that God had put on him the duty to free the black man, and he entered upon the discharge of that duty with the fervor of a reformer and the zeal of an enthusiast. Not satisfied with simply organizing an Anti-Slavery Society and bringing his fellow-citizens into sympathy with its object, he began to write articles against the "great abomination." On his twenty-sixth birthday, Mr. Lundy wrote his first article upon the abolition of American slavery. He entitled the article, "The Appeal to Philanthropists." That "appeal" contains nearly cvery thought ever urged against African slavery in the United States and whatever was afterwards said or written upon that subject is only a repetition of that "appeal" or an elaboration of its ideas. In addition to the "appeal" he wrote several articles for the "Philanthropist," a paper then printed and published at Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, and edited by one Charles Osborne, a Quaker gentleman. The general bearings of that paper were against slavery, but discussed the question rather ab- stractively. Shortly after he had written those articles for the "Philanthropist" he became an assistant editor of that paper. So soon as Mr. Lundy had assumed the character of editor, he did an act that happily illustrates the force of his feeling against slavery, and the dogged determination of' his mind to wrestle with its crime. In order to have funds with which to make the paper a more powerful one, he puts his entire stock of harness and saddles into a flatboat to take them to St. Louis to sell. The trip down the river was a slow one, and he did not reach St. Louis until late in the fall of 1819. He found all business at a standstill, and everybody excited over the admission of Missouri as a State, with the memorable proviso known as the "Missouri Compromise." A fiery discussion was going on in the newspapers of the city, and Mr. Lundy, indiscreetly, yet manfully entered the arena of discussion as a combatant for freedom. That course inflamed the public against him, and he could get no sale for his goods only at disastrous prices. Getting out of them all he could, he, to save all the money possible, made the journey home on foot, although it was the "dead of winter of 1820-1." 'Tis said calamities never come singly, so Mr. Lundy found it to be in his case, for when he got back to Mt. Pleasant, Mr. Osborne had sold out his establishment, and the press and type shipped to Jonesboro, Tennessee,

But the loss of his property, the unexpected destruction of the business, to give strength and prosperity to which he had sacrificed his means ; with mid-winter upon him, without friends, among strangers, and his money scant, all seemed to form a grand stimulating compound that gave fresh vigor to the energy of Mr. Lundy. He at once resolved to start a newspaper of his own, exactly suited to his conception of the needs of the tremendous situation, for the charge of which he felt it his duty to act. Having gone on foot to several of the adjacent towns, on the hunt of a printer, willing to print his paper for him, he at last discoved the object of his wish at Steubenville, Ohio. That town was twenty miles distant from Mt. Pleasant, but Lundy undaunted by obstacles and undismayed by his poverty, carried his manuscript and selections in his pocket, to that town on foot, had his paper printed and then walked back to Mt. Pleasant, carrying the first issue of the Genius of Universal Emancipation on his shoulders. Six persons took the paper. Lundy bowed to fate, but trusting in God and the "sacredness of the cause," straightened himself to a loftier mein and went on with his paper, going to and fro on foot. He continued to be his own mail carrier, carrying his manuscript and selections one way, and the Genius of Universal Emancipation the other. Such zeal, such labor, such worth, can not be defeated ; and so in a few months his efforts brought him a considerable list of subscribers—enough to pay him well. Just as he had made the Genius of Universal Emancipation a newspaper success, he received a pressing invitation from the editor of the Philanthropist, then published at Jonesboro, Tennessee, to come there and print his paper at that office. Mr. Lundy very foolishly accepted the invifation, He went to Jonesboro and remained there three years publishing his paper, but an abolition paper at the very heart of Tennessee, was too much for the "hot bloods" of that region to tolerate. He was often insulted as he passed about the streets, and threatened with personal violence, and on one occasion two ruffians locked him in a room, brandishing. pistols in his face, declaring that "if he didn't git out of char, they'd be the death of him," but he stayed in Jonesboro until it suited him to leave it.

The first "Anti-Slavery Convention" ever held in the United States, met at Philadelphia in the winter of 1823-4. Mr. Lundy made the journey of six hundred miles to attend its sitting While at that convention he was induced to remove his paper I the East, and by an unlucky choice, located its publication Baltimore, Maryland. Mr. Lundy left Jonesboro for Baltimore on foot, with knapsack on his back. He went by the way North Carolina. At Deep Creek, that state, he made his fin public "Anti-Slavery" speech. He spoke in a beautiful, grow near, "Friends' Meeting House," directly after divine service He also spoke in the meeting at another time, and made speeches at some house raisings, and at a "militia muster." While I Deep Creek; lie organized an "Abolition Society." He one spoke at Raleigh, that state. As he went through Virginia, b made speeches at several places and organized one Abolition So- ciety,

He arrived at Baltimore, about the first of October, 1824, an the first issue of his paper was made October 10, 1824, being N, 1, fourth volume. Not long after his arrival at Baltimore, ti masters of a considerable number of slaves, informed Mr. Lund that if he would find homes for them, they would set them fre He immediately went North to secure them homes. Being dl tained much longer than he had expected to be, Mr: Lund found on his return to Baltimore, that his wife had died in h absence, after giving birth to twin babies. That was the migh Test sorrow of his life, and from the shock, he never entirely re covered. Kind friends, however, had provided homes for his children, of which he had five.

In the year 1828 Mr. Lundy went to New England on a le( tuning tour. Arriving at Boston he visited the clergymen the city, and eight of them subscribed for his paper and preys]. ed upon him to hold an anti-slavery meeting. The meeting was

HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 191

held and largely attended by the people. At the close of the meeting several of the clergymen addressed the people, concurring in the views of Mr. Lundy. He went on to New Hampshire and Maine lecturing when he could get the privilege. As be was returning he spoke in the principal towns of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut. He also traversed a large part of the state of New York, speaking at many of its prominent towns. It was on this tour at the city of Boston that he first met Mr. William Lloyd Garrison, who was then quite a young man and a boarder at the house where Mr. Lundy sojeurned. During his stay at Boston he had frequent conversations with Mr. Garrison, and at last converted him to his views on the slavery question. In a short time. Mr. Garrison became an active worker in the cause of abolition. So it may be truly said that Mr. Lundy cleared away the mists from before the face of that mighty luminary of universal emancipation, whose light continued to grow brighter and brighter until every spet of our fair land was made bright by the light of liberty.

Many of the slaveholders of Maryland at that time were heartily tired of slavery and emancipated their slaves whenever homes could be found for them " out of the state." A statute of the state of Maryland in force at the time forbade the perfect liberation of the slaves unless the master had them sent out of the state. Mr. Lundy was therefore constantly employed in behalf of the freedmen, finding them homes and getting them to them. Some of them he sent to Hayti, others to Canada and on one occasion Mr. Lundy made a trip to Texas to make the effort to secure from the Mexican government a large tract of land on which to put emancipated slaves, but he failed to obtain the land. In 1829 he visited Hayti and went many times to Canada to see how " his people " were getting along.

Mr. Lundy was a man who always bridled his tongue and pointed his pen with caution. He detested slavery but loved and pittied the slaveholder, and so while he handled the crime of slavery with no soft hands, he stroked the owners of the slaves with the gentlest touch. But an abolitionist and his abolition newspaper in the Monumental city, in the very midst of slave-dealers and the markets for slaves, were things not to be borne without resistance. Lundy must leave ; willingly well, but leave he must.

In the winter of 1829, he was met on the street by Austin Woolfolk, a notorious slave trader of that day, and assaulted fore nearly beaten to death by him. Woolfolk was brought before Judge Nicholas Brice for that offense, but Woolfolk was Summarily set at liberty by "his Honor," with the remark that "Lundy had got no more than he deserved." Brice, not content with his brisk behaviour as to Woolfolk, tyranically directed the Grand Jury to indict Lundy for publishing an incendiary newspaper, but the Grand Jury, having more sense and better principles than Brice, ignored the bill.

Mr. William Lloyd Garrison went to Baltimore, September 1, 1829, and became the associate editor of the Genius of Universal Emancipation. As is universally known, Mr. Garrison was a strong and fearless writer, and in a short time rendered himself' subject to the fury of the "chivalry." An occurrence soon took place that gave, him ample play to his ablest powers as a writer. A vessel commanded by a native of the same town with Mr. Garrison (Newburyport, Mass.) sailed with a cargo of slaves from Baltimore to New Orleans. Mr. Garrison, in the next issue of the paper, in a scathing editorial, discussed the captain, the cargo, and the trip of the slave ship. So terrible was the invective, so scorching the eloquence, and so burning the rebuke of the slave traffic contained in that editorial, that a criminal prosecution was forthwith began against the writer. Of course he was convicted, and a fine of fifty dollars imposed upon him for the infraction of the law. Mr. Garrison, in that celebrated editorial, had called the coast-wise slave trade "domestic piracy," and as one of the "gentry" which owned the slaves had gone with the vessel, he brought suit for the "libel" against him. The jury awarded a verdict of one thousand dollars against Mr. Garrison, and judgment was entered accordingly ; but it stands an unpaid judgment to this day. When Mr. Garrison was poor he could not pay it, and when he became wealthy he would not pay it.

Mr. Garrison had to remain in prison until his friend and fellow Abolitionist, Arthur Tappan, of New York; could' go from that city to Baltimore to pay his fine and have him released. Mr. Garrison was in prison forty-nine days. On the very day that Mr. Tappan paid the fine, Hon. Henry Clay arrived at "'the city of monuments," to pay Mr. Garrison's fine and have him set at liberty, but he was too late, as Mr. Tappan had already paid the fine and Mr. Garrison was again free.

In a short time after those prosecutions of Mr. Garrison and outrages upon Mr. Lundy, the partnership between those gentlemen was dissolved. The publication of The Genius of Universal Emancipation was transferred to Washington, D. C,; Mr. Lundy removing to that city. Mr. Garrison went back to Boston, and on the 1st day of January, 1831, he issued the first number of his illustrious Abolition paper, The Liberator.

So soon as Mr. Garrison became associate editor of the Genius he denounced slavery as "the sum of all crimes," and demanded its immediate and unconditional abolition. He branded all other schemes about it, as mere shifts and tricks for its perpetuation. "Liberty" he said "was the right of the slave, and it was the duty of the master to give it to him." Mr. Lundy was in favor of any scheme that brought liberty to a slave. He favored colonization, manumission and emancipation, and hoped by those instrumentalities, to gradually do slavery away. Mr. Garrison believed the American Constitution, to be a bulwark around slavery, and denounced it as "a covenant with death and a league with hell." Mr. Lundy believed that the American Constitution simply treated slavery as an existing condition of a part of the people, and in no manner stood in the way to the final emancipation of that body of the people.

From 1830 to 1835, Mr. Lundy was constantly engaged in providing homes for slaves set free, and getting them to their homes.

He continued the publication of the Genius of Universal Emancipation, at Washington, D. C., until 1830, when he removed to the city of Philadelphia. After his arrival at Philidelphia, the name of his paper was changed to The National Enquirer and in a short time to that of Pennsylvania Freeman. On the 17th day of May, 1838, Pennsylvania Hall, owned by abolitionists, was burned by a mob. Mr. Lundy, preparatory to his removal to the West, had collected his property in one of the rooms of that " Hall," and his books, papers, clothing and household goods were consumed in the burning. In July, 1838, Mr. Lundy started for the state of Illinois, where his children-then resided. He reached that state in September, and finally settled at Lowell, La Salle county. He purchased a press and started the Genius of Universal Emancipation once more, but in August, 1839, he contracted a prevailing disease and died on the 22d day of that month. He was buried at the town of Lowell.

The Genius of Universal Emancipation, from its start at Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, until one year after its first publication at Baltimore, was a " monthly." From that time on until it ceased to be published it was a weekly. Mr. Lundy learned the printers' trade at Jonesboro, and when going about in behalf of the freedmen, if his money failed him, he would work at his trade to make money to keep him going.

JOHNNY APPLESEED.

Among the pioneers of the Ohio Valley there lived a very singular yet conspicuous man—John Chapman,* better know as Johnny Appleseed." It was thought by persons acquainted with him that he possessed supernatural powers. He was born in the vicinity of Boston, Massachusetts, in 1773. Being of poor parentage, and the vicissitudes then attending the American colonists, he only obtained a limited education, learning to read and write. He was religiously inclined, and at an early age embraced the doctrine of Emanuel Swedenborg. So strong was his faith in that doctrine that, although in after life he seldom enjoyed the society of brethren or friends favorable to his religious belief, he never renounced the faith, continuing a steadfast adherent until death.

Possessing a philosophical mind, he was scarcely a man When he commenced the production of apples on the Van Mons principle. We have seen some very fine apples that were grown on his secdling trees. On one of them the fruit is quite interesting and is a freak of nature. It is a large, yellowish-green apple, divided by elevations and depressions on the surface into fine sections, the elevations being sweet and the depressions sour. The tree is growing in the western part of Holmes county, Ohio, and is in a healthy condition. About the year 1830 it was claimed by some persons that the notable Belmont apple was the product of one of Chapman's trees, and from his nursery in the west end of Belmont county, hence the name. This, however, is a mistake; that apple is from scions brought by a Mr. Beam from Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, to Belmont county, Ohio, and grafted into one of Chapman's seedling trees.

* Some historians have given his name as Jonathan Chapman, but we have seen his autograph.

192 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

Mr. Chapman's passion for producing apples from seed was .remarkable, and some persons well acquainted with him believed he was governed by instinct in his theory of amelioration. How he obtained the idea of growing choice apples from seed, and opportunities for the sale of his trees, we will not discuss. It is enough to know that before the close of the eighteenth century he was seen with an ax in his hand and a bag of apple seeds on his back, wending his way through the settlements to the wilderness, there to practice his cherished theory.

His method of operation, aftcr securing a suitable situation, was to clear away the underbrush, deaden the trees by girdling them, and then sow his apple seed. This done, he enclosed it with a brush fence. During the summer season he cultivated his young trees, looked up suitable places for other nurseries, and cleared the land. He did not purchase the land, but obtained permission to use it for his purpose, and generally selected a rich, fertile spot on the bank of some stream. In the fall he returned to the settlements, procured another stock of seed, and at the proper season again wended his way to the wilderness and repeated the previous year's opperations.

The western country was rapidly settled, and as soon as the pioneers made their clearings, Johnny was ready with his apple trees, and,if every one within his reach did not plant an orchard it was not his fault. The price of the trees, or when they were paid for, was of little consequence. He seemed to derive a satisfaction amounting to delight when he saw his trees transplanted in the orchard.

His benevolence was unbounded. He generally went barefooted, but it he had a pair of shoes and saw any one whom he thought needed them, he would take them off and give them to the person.

His first operations were in Venango, Pa., in the vicinity of French creek. We next hear of him in 1801. With a quantity of apple seeds in small leathern bags and carried on a horse, be crossed the Ohio river from the Virginia shore near Wellsburg, and staid over night with a settler living in the valley. After making himself and his business known, the settler urged him to commence a nursery in that neighborhood. This he refused to do, saying : "They are starting one up the river on the Virginia side, and they talk of improving apples by grafting," Said he : "They cannot improve the apple in that way—that is only a device of man, and it is wicked to cut up trees in that way." "The correct method," he said, "is to select good seeds and plant them in good ground, and God only can improve the apples." He said he intended going further from the settlements, where he would not be troubled with the stock destroying his trees before they were ready for sale ; and when the settlers came and made their "clearings," he would be ready for them with his "good trees." In the morning, after making enquiry about the best route to the Muskingum, he started on his journey.

In the north-west part of Belmont county (then Jefferson) and on the head waters of Big Stillwater, between Morristown and Freeport, he started his first nursery in Ohio. After sow-the seed and enclosing the ground with a brush fence he continued further west.

From 1801 to 1806, we hear but little of Johnny Appleseed's operations in Ohio. In 1806 he again stopped to see his old friend living near the Ohio river, and whose hospitalities, Johnny enjoyed for the night. He was on his way down the river, with two canoes lashed together, laden with apple seeds, a few cooking utensils and some implements, necessary for carrying on his nursery business in the new purchase, whither he was going.

The following account of this peculiar man is from the pen of Miss Rosella Rice, of Perrysville, Ashland county, Ohio, a whose father's house Johnny was a frequent and welcome visitor :

"No one knows why Johnny was so eccentric ; some people thought he had been crossed in love, and others, that his passion for growing fruit trees and planting orchards in those early and perilous times had absorbed all the tender and domestic feelings natural to mankind. An old uncle of ours tells us, the first' time he ever saw Johnny was in 1806, in Jefferson county, Ohio. He had two canoes lashed together and was taking a lot of apple seeds down the Ohio river.. About that time he planted sixteen bushels of seeds on one acre of that grand old farm on the Walhonding river, known as the Butler farm.

"All up and down the Ohio and Muskingum, and their then wild and pretty tributaries, did poor Johnny glide along, alone, with his rich freight of seeds, stopping here and there to plant nurseries. He always selected rich, secluded spots of ground. One of them we remember now, and even still it is picturesque, beautiful and primal. He cleared the ground himself. a quiet nook over which the tall sycamores reached out their bony arms as if in protection. Those who are nurserymen now, should compare their facilities with those of poor Johnny, going about with a load in a canoe, and, when occasion demanded, a great load on his back. To those who could afford to buy, he always sold on very fair terms ; to those who couldn't, he always gave or made some accommodating trade, or took a note payable—some time—and rarely did that time ever come.

"Among his many eccentricities was one of bearing pain like an undaunted Indian warrior. He gloried in suffering. Very often he would thrust pins and needles into his flesh without a tremor or a quiver ; and if he had a cut or a sore, the first thing he did was to sear it with a hot iron, and then treat it as a burn.

"He hardly ever wore shoes, except in winter, but, if traveling in summer time, and the roads hurt his feet, he would wear sandals, and a big hat that he made himself, with one side very large and wide and bent down to keep the heat from his face. No matter how oddly he was dressed, or how funny he looked, we children never laughed at him, because our parents all loved and revered him as a good old man, a friend and a benefactor.

"Almost the first thing he would do- when he entered a house, and was weary, was to lie down on the floor, with his knapsack for a pillow, and his head towards. the light of the door or window, when be would say : 'Will you have some fresh news right from Heaven ?' and carefully take out his old worn books, a Testament, and two or three others, the exponents of the beautiful religion that Johnny so zealously lived out—the Swedenborgian doctrine. We can hear him read now, just as he did that summer day when we were busy quilting up stairs, and he lay near the door, his voice rising denunciatory and thrilling—strong and loud as the roar of the waves and winds, then soft and soothing as the balmy airs that stirred the morning-glory leaves about his gray head. His was a strange, deep eloquence at times. His language was good and well chosen, and he was undoubtedly a man of genius.

"Sometimes in speaking of fruits, his eyes would sparkle, and his countenance grow animated and really beautiful, and if he was at table his knife and fork would be forgotten. In describing apples, we could see them just as he, the word-painter, pictured them—large, lush, creamy-tinted ones, or rich, fragrant and yellow, with a peachy tint on the sunshiny side, or crimson, red, with the cool juice ready to burst through the tender rind.

Thomas S. Humerickhouse, a prominent nurseryman and po- mologist, of Coshocton, Ohio, in an article published in Hovey's Magazine of Horticulture for 1846, speaks of Johnny Appleseed as a scientific, as well as early producer of apple trees, and from which we extract:

"Obscure and illiterate though he was, in some respects he was another Dr. Van Mons, and must have been endued with the instinct of his theory. His usual practice was to gather his seeds from seedling trees, and to take them from as many different trees as were to be found within the range of his yearly autumnal rambles, and from those particular seedling trees affording the highest evidence in their fruit that the process of amelioration was begun and was going on in them. At first his visits necessarily extended to the seedling orchards upon the Ohio and Monongahela rivers, in what were called the settlements; but when the orchards of his own planting began to bear, his wanderings, for the purpose of collecting seed, became more and more narrowed in their extent, till the time of his departure further westward.

"Still true, however, to the instinct which first drew him to the Van Mons theory for the production of new ameliorated varieties of the apple, he has continued occasionally to return in the autumn to his beloved orchards hereabouts, for the double purpose of contemplating and ruminating upon the results of his labors, and of gathering seeds from his own seedling trees, to take with him, and carry on, by their means, reproduction at the west."

There seems to be little knowledge to be obtained as to what became of his nursery in Belmont county. The tide of emigration seemed to push him westward step by step. His greatest nursery was in the valley of the Walhonding, in Coshocton county, but he proceeded on up the Mohican, and at one time had several nurseries in the counties of Knox, Ashland and Richland. Later, he again pushed further west, to the Maumee valley, and still continued his operations in his old age. He died near Fort Wayne, Indiana, in the spring of 1845, aged 72 years.

HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 193

MILITARY RECORD OF BELMONT COUNTY.

WAR OF 1812.

President Madison issued his proclamation declaring war with Great Britain on the 18th day of July, 1872. Belmont county had at that time less than 13,000 inhabitants. The tidings of war spread rapidly, and the excitement, which always follows such a cry, grew intense.

The following, obtained from Colonel James F. Charlesworth, of St. Clairsville, shows the names of the Captains having companies in the service from this county, during that conflict. In the First Regiment, of which DeLong was Colonel, there appears to have been six companies.

FIRST OHIO REGIMENT.

Captain John Howell's company.

Captain James Campbell's company.

Captain Joseph Holmes' company.

Captain William Stephens' company.

Captain John Hall's company.

Captain Daniel Conner's company.

THIRD OHIO REGIMENT—COL. L. CASS.

Captain Robert Morrison's company.

FOURTH OHIO REGIMENT.

Captain Solomon Bentley's company.

OTHER COMPANIES.

Captain Joseph Kirkwood, (regiment unknown.)

Captain William Williams, (regiment unknown.)

OHIO MILITIA.

Captain Robert Irwin's company.

Captain Absalom Martin's company.

Captain John McElroy's (Independent company.)

AS will be observed by the above list Belmont county furnished over a regiment of volunteers and drafted men in the war of 1812. At so late 'a day it is difficult to ascertain any facts in relation to these 'companies and all that can be found is most- ly traditional. Only one muster-rolJ, we believe, is extant in the county.

Captain Robert Morrison's company was the first one mustered into service. From Indian Springs, Belmont county, where it was encamped and partly recruited, it marched to Zanesville, where the men received their coat of arms. This company was in Hull's surrender, August 16, 1812. Captain Morrison was promoted to Major during his service, Wm. Gill succeeded him as captain, and W. Warner, First Lieutenant.

On the 3d of September, 1813, Capt, John Howell's company met at St. Clairsville and marched through Barnesville, Zanesville and Newark to Columbus, where they were fully equipped. Most of this company were from about Captina and McMahon's creeks. The company belonged to the First Regiment, under Col. DeLong. From Columbus they marched to the mouth of Sandusky river, and from that point were taken to Put-in-Bay Island. This company assisted in the guarding of the Detroit and Queen Charlotte, two of the vessels captured in Perry's victory, September 10, 1813. At that time the British called the American vessels the "Musket Fleet."

Captain McElroy's company was an independent rifle company, and was ordered into the United States service on the 19th day of October, 1812.

Captain Solomon Bentley was promoted to the position of Major whilst in service. This company belonged to the Fourth Regiment O. M.

An incident is given concerning one of these companies which is worthy of notice. Major Thompson says a company from Belmont county was stationed in a fort at a certain point on the Sandusky river, where a slight skirmish took place bctween it and the British forces. The enemy loaded one of their heavy guns with a piece of a log chain and shot it into the fort. One of the company, a brave, daring sort of a fellow, named John Guddarl, mounted the wall of the fort immediately after this

25—B. & J. COE.

shot was fired, and looking over toward the enemy, at the same time yelling at the top of his voice: "Lookout, boys ! lookout ! The next thing you will find coming from their cannons will be a yoke of oxen." This was said in a ludicrous manner. He had scarcely uttered these words, when, simultaneously with the report of the enemy's gun, he fell back from the wall, scvered in halves by a second log chain sent from the mouth of one of their cannons.

The following is copied from an old book kept by McElroy, captain of the volunteer company recruited about St. Clairsville, and which left for the service October 20th, 1812. This company was out only a short time, and rendezvoused near Mansfield most of the time :

OFFICERS.

John McElroy, Captain.

Anthony Weyer, Lieutenant.

David Work, Ensign.

PRIVATES.

Stephen Shipman,

Anthony Smith,

Robert Hardesty,

James Henderson,

Samuel Hardesty,

Robert Robertson,

James Nellands,

Alexander Work,

John Logan,

Isaac Buskirk,

Charles Vanwey,

Messor Ward,

James Taggart,

Samuel Cuclar,

James Hughes,

Daniel Dean,

Joseph Russle.

John Duff,

John Sharp,

David McClelland,

William Graham,

Alexander Smiley,

George Wilson,

William Ranason,

Benjamin Dean,

David Duff,

Peter Ault,

Charles Baker,

Jacob Grubb,

Aaron Dean,

Thomas Garly,

John Ranason,

Samuel Marker,

John Zimmerman.

"Marched from St. Clairsville on the 20th of October, 1812 and encamped at Washington Springs, 2 miles from St. Clairsville, and continued in camp for three days. On Saturday, 24th, marched to Morristown, and encamped in the suburbs of the same.

Sunday, 25th.—Struck our tents and marched before Duncan Morrison's door and dressed in a line, and was handsomely addressed from the porch by the Rev. Joseph Anderson, entreating us to observe the Sabbath day, &c., &c., &e. We marched from thence to Mr. —. Huffman's.

Monday, 26th.—Marched from thence to Cambridge and lodged with Mr. T. Stewart. Met with J. Russel and gave him a furlough.

Tuesday, 27th.--Marched from thence to Mr. John Brown's.

Wednesday 28th. —Marched from thence to Zanesville; arrived about 12 o'clock. Raining on us about one day. Marched to the court house and halted, and then to the barrack at the sign of the Lamb.

Thursday, 29th.—Continued in the barracks, and drew and receipted nine ovens and stew-kettles with two lids.

Friday, 30th. —Continued in the barracks and drew nine blankets and five pair of shoes at one dollar and seventy-five cents. The blankets, three of them at four dollars and fifty cents each, and six at three dollars and fifty cents each.

The following is the way the poor soldiers had to receipt for what they got, and if the government didn't pay for their clothing they did out of their wages,

"Received of Captain John McElroy one blanket, for which I promise to pay out of my wages while in the United States service, unless paid for by the government. The price being four dollars and fifty cents. ROBERT ROBERTSON,"

" Received of Captain John McElroy, one blanket, for which I promise to pay out of my wages while in the United States service, unless payed for by the government. The price being three dollars and fifty cents.

His

"JAMES (X) HUGHES.

Mark.

"Test : ROBERT ROBERTSON."

" Received of Captain John McElroy, one pair of shoes, for which I promise to pay out of my wages, while in the service of the United States. The price being one dollar and seventy-five cents.

GEORGE WILSON."

194 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

Saturday, 31st.-Continued in barracks and gave an account of the cost of tent, clothing, &c.,-amounts to $74.15 cents.

Sunday, 1st November.-March from Zanesville about 11 o'clock A. M., to Licking Camp, about three miles from Zanesville.

Monday 2d.-Struck our tents and marched, passing the furnace and forge about 1-?,- miles from our camp, and continued our march to the Greentree, 9 miles.

Tuesday, 3d.-Struck our tents and marched 131. miles to Newark.

Wednesday, 4th.-Struck our tents and marched fifteen miles to Davises and encamped in the woods, before his door, and it rained all night on us.

Thursday, 5th.-Struck our tents and marched through the mud, ten miles to Mount Vernon and. crossed Owl creek, just at the town.

Friday, 6th.-Struck our tents and marched through the mud to Mr. Filton, 10 miles, and met Captain Bemer's company and Captain Martin's and exchanged wagons with Captain Martin, &c."

Owing to the mutilated pages there occurs an omission of Sunday. From one line still remaining it is to be seen that they "drew nothing to eat but some potatoes. The men growled very much."

Monday, 9th.-Continued in camp and-drew some potatoes and nothing else. The men almost ready to go home. Hard living on potatoes and nothing else, and very disagreeable weather-raining. Here I must mention the commissaries' names, Henry Laffer, Clark and Dearduff.

Tuesday, 10th.-Continued in camp. I went to Greentown early in the morning and met the cavalry crossing the Black Fork of Mohican. Crossed creek and went up to where the town was and found 2,250 Pennsylvania troops.

* * * * * * * *

Saturday, 14th.-Continued in camp. William Ranason continued unwell, and some men went to Mansfield.

Sunday, 15th.-Continued in camp; and I. Brown and Dr. Moore came in camp, and fetched a number of letters for us. Got three from my wife and one from my father and one from Col. G. Paull.

Monday, 16th,-Continued in camp. A. Weyer, I. Brown and Dr. Moore left camp for St. Clairaville, and Capt. James Flogg and myself and others went to Mansfield-came home_ in the evening. Wm. Ranason continued sick.

Tuesday, 17th.-Continued in camp. Sent A. Smiley and Wm. Grimes to the Pennsylvania camp for Dr. Hursey to come and see Wm. Ranason. They returned with Dr. Sutton, who left some medicine for him and then left camp. We then took Win. Ranason to Mr. Newell and left John with him and attended him myself till evening and then went to camp.

Wednesday,18th.-Continued in camp, and James Taggart and John Logan were sent to meet the wagon about four miles to get one-half pint of whisky for Wm. Ranason to mix medicine in. They returned. I went to see him and found him getting better and returned to the camp.

Thursday, 19th. —Continued in camp. Ranason getting better, but complains of pain in his breast. Dr. Sutton came to see him and then I returned to camp, and Dr. Sutton to his camp. The Pennsylvanians came with their artillery—about 24 pieces; five of them eighteen pounders; five inches diameter in the lob, weighing 2,900 lbs.; five of this size and the remainder 12 and 6 pounders. They occupied 24 wagons.

Friday, 20th.—Continued in camp. Wm. Ranason got some better. Pennsylvanians started for Mansfield about 8 o'clock ; three well equipped companies.

Saturday, 21st.—Continued in camp. Win. Ranason getting better. Nothing else particular.

Sunday, 22d.—Continued in camp. Unpleasant day.

Monday, 23d.—Continued in camp. Raining and blustering ; very disagreeable. Ranason better.

Tuesday, 24th.—Continued in camp. This night it snowed about one inch deep, and made nice hunting. D. Work and myself went a hunting and D. W. killed a fine doe, about three miles southeast from our camp.

Wednesday, 25th.—Continued in camp ; went a hunting, and a very cold day. Nothing particular this day.

Thursday, 26th. Continued in camp; went a hunting and in the evening shot a fine doe, and followed it with four others about four miles southwest from the camp, till it got so dark I. could not see to shoot and came home.

Friday, 27th.—Continued in camp. It rained this evening and the snow went off.

Saturday, 28th.-Continued in camp. camp and is getting well.

Sunday, 29th,-Continued in camp, this morning ; raining and blustering, of the .Pennsylvanians' tent and killed badly hurt. Not expected to recover.

Monday, 30th. -Continued in camp, pened this day.

Tuesday, December 1st.-Continued in Camp.

Wednesday, 2d.--Continued in camp.

Thursday, 3d. -Continned in camp.

Friday, 4th.-Continued in camp.

Saturday, 5th.-Continued in camp. A very cold winter day ; wind blowing.

Sunday, 6th.-Continued in camp, and six of our men went home on furlough, and Captain Flogg and five of his men. They went on board the Mohican packet about three-quarters of a mile below the camp, and started down. Three cheers were given by the boys on the bank, which was answered by three from the packet, and then we returned to camp.

Monday, 7th.-Continued in camp. * * * * * This day snowing all day, and Anthony Weyer came to camp and brought many things for the company from home. Grubb and Hardesty messes moved to a small cabin down and over the creek, and ours and Smiley's messes up the creek to a small cabin. So ends the chapter.

Tuesday, 8th,-We continued in the cabin and began to built a hut at the east end of the block house.

Wednesday, 9th.-Continued in the cabin. This is a very cob morning. Finished our cabin.

Tursday, 10th.-Continued in the cabin, and went to th block house and found our hut down to the ground.

Friday, 11th.-Continued in the cabin. Very cold weather Done nothing to the hut.

Saturday, 12th.-Continued in the cabin. A. Weyer and my self went to Mansfield and settled with Dr. Sutton for service done William Ranason.

Sunday, 13th.-Continued in the cabin. By my permission together with the orders of Samuel Connell, Mayor, the Beare John Zimmerman, is on furlough for six days from this date.

Monday, 14th.--Continued in the cabin. This morning Work and William Grimes went up the Clear Fork a hunting Nothing particular this day.

Tuesday, 15th.-Continued in the cabin. Nothing particula this day.

Wednesday, 16th.-Continued in the cabin, and D. Work A William Grimes came home.

Thursday, 17th.-Continued in the cabin. Nothing happe this day.

Friday, 18th.-Continued in the cabin. This morning we lit a bit of a " tiderrei," and it was performed by G. W. floggin Martin Neal. But this afternoon some of our men went to Mansfield and saw the remains of Major Wilson laid away in that strict, solemn and military way, and then returned home.

Saturday, 19th.—Continued in the cabin. Nothing particular happened this day.

Sunday, 201h.—Continued in the cabin, This day makes months since we left home. Major Connell came to the e. and informed me that he had received orders from the gov meat to dismiss us, and gave a furlough to James Taggart Samuel Hardesty, and they started home on Monday more hefore day.

Monday, 21st.—Continued in the cabin, and B. and D. D. J. Sharp and S. Cuclar went home, and I moved to a little near the block house.

Tuesday, 22nd.—This morning D. Work, A. Work, D. Clelland, G. Wilson, William Grimes, C. Baker, J. Smith, I. and D. Duff, J. and William Ranason left the o about 2 o'clock P. M., and left A. Smiley and myself in cabin. We had a fine breakfast of pancakes and sweet milk This is a fine day. * * * David Newell came to the c to get A. Smiley and thyself to help him to clean some w that evening. Calculated to go a hunting the next morning

Wednesday, 23rd.—Got up in the morning, and A. Smiley myself was cleaning our guns at the door, when Newell's began barking about half a mile off towards our camp, Ne started; 1 loaded up and started likewise. When I cam( the dogs had treed a grey fox, which I shot, and then raw to the house, got our breakfast, and prepared to go over Black Fork. Got about half a mile and saw two deers, could not get a shot. We then proceeded and came into state road about half a mile from the Black Fork; thence

HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 195

ceeded along the road that led from Mansfield to Wooster about one mile, and came to the Black Fork; crossed it on a bridge that the Pennsylvanians made, and then down the creek, on the northeast side about two miles, and came to the Mohican lake. This is a handsome little lake; is about 170 yards wide and about 250 yards long. It is said that in the middle it cannot be fathomed, and is very good for fish. We crossed on the ice, and then proceeded down the creek about one mile, and there I shot a fine buck, and then we proceeded up the run to the house where four people were killed by the Indians—the father, mother and daughter and a Mr. Rufner. This is a fine place, but looked very desolate. We went into the house and saw their blood on the floor. Such a sight makes men feel. It is said the mother and daughter were found lying before the fire clasped hand in hand. We examined the house, and then went to where they were buried, all in one grave. We then proceeded home. A. Smiley and D. Newell carried the deer, and I its skin and some other articles about three miles, and then they got tired and hung up the deer. We waded the Black Fork about sundown. It was very late, and we were about seven miles from home. We then proceeded and came to Mr. Newell,s ahout 8 o'clock at night. We had a hard tramp.

Thursday, 24th.—We returned to our little cabin. To-day is snowing and frozen. * * * Wagons have come for us from James' block house.

This company only number thirty-seven, according to the roll appearing on Capt. McElroy's minutes.

ANOTHER RELIC OF THE WAR OF '12.

James Campbell, M. C., to Judge John Patterson, St. Clairsville, 0.:

WASHINGTON, 28th January, 1815.

DEAR SIR :—We have just received the disagreeable, though certain information of the capture of the President frigate after an action of more than four hours with four British frigates. Three Lieutenants and ninety men were killed ,on board of the President. Among the former was a son of Mr. Anderson, a member of this house. Decatur remains unhurt. This informs= tion comes from one of the surviving officers of the President.

I am, sir, yours in haste,

JAMES CALDWELL.

The following is copied from the original discharge now in the possession of Col. Charlesworth, of St. Clairsville. There Were very few discharges granted in that war, and differs greatly from those issued in later wars.

DISCHARGE.

CAMP WOOD, Oct. 18, 1812.

This to certify that John Hauthorn, a Sergeant in Capt, Holmes' company is discharged from Military Duty for this Tour. Given under my hand this day and date above mentioned.

JOHN ANDREWS, Lt, Col. Commandant.

I believe Mr. Hauthorn, of your company unable to perform this present tour of duty.

THOMAS CAMPBELL,

Sergeon 1st Reg,t, 1st Brig., 4th Div. 0. M.

THE MEXICAN WAR.

It had been predicted by many of the people that in case Texas was annexed to the United States it would cause an immediate rupture. between this government and Mexico. The latter claimed Texas as a part of its territory, notwithstanding its independence had been acknowledged by other governments.

On the 6th of March, 1845, Congress adopted the joint resolution for the admission of that State into the Union. The Mexican Minister at Washington, Gen. Almonte, strongly protested against that measure and demanded his passports. Gen. Herrera, President of Mexico, issued a proclamation, the 4th of June following, in which he declared the rights of that government and his determination to defend them. That and other things which occurred prior to this gave rise to hostilities. At this time James K. Polk was President of the United States. War was declared by Congress May 11, 1846. After the appearance of the President's proclamation and reiterated by Gov. M. Bartley, of Ohio, a meeting of the citizens of Belmont county was called, for tile purpose of raising volunteers for the Mexican war. On the 30th a partial company was recruited in the county, made lip principally of young men.

1-25—B. & J, Cos.

The following named gentlemen composed the company:

Andrew Grubb, Wm. M. Wilkins, Hiram Clous, John Baggs, G. W. Anderson, A. J. Palmer, John McShultz, Arthur Higgins, Alex. Young, Alex, Blair, Wm. Porter, Joseph Selvey, David Eaton, Harrison Smith, A. Lewis, John Noland, James McGennis, Ira McKafrey, Alexander Barney, Aaron Hollingshead, William Inskip, John B. Calhoun; Alexander Williams, John R. Justus, James Clark, Moses Ferrell, Lafayette Eckles, Samuel Pottinger, James Frasier, James Davis, James Gipson, Henry Mulvaney, Hugh McNeeley, M. B. Calhoun, Richard Beech, William Askew, Richard Price, John Hutchons, Isaac Eaton, Samuel Croy, Michael Hidweler, John Jones.

John Dempsey, , Thomas Young, Saul K. Ruggles, James McConnell, Parish Garner, Solomon Baldison, T. R. Day, Eli Mercer, Frank Venem, Washington Waters, John Wilson, James McKafrey, V. S. Brady, David Morton, Clement Steel, Aaron Steelman, Jacob Worten, P. Preston, ___ Cracraft, John Miller

This company elected the following named officers :

John Patterson—Captain.

Isaac E. Eaton—First Lieutenant.

Arthur Higgins—Second Lieutenant,

On Wednesday, June 10th, Captain Patterson with his men started for Camp Washington, near Cincinnati. From St. Clairsville the company went to Bridgeport, and took a boat down the Ohio river to said camp, where it rendezvoused about thirty days. At this place a permanent organization was effected, and it was mustered into service, forming company "D" of the Third Ohio Regiment, commanded by Col. Samuel R. Curtis.

Early in July the Third Ohio repaired for New Orleans by steamer. From New Orleans sailed to Point Isabel, opposite Brazos Island, near the mouth of the Rio Grande ; thence up the Rio Grande river to Matamoras, and placed as garrison at Fort Brown for a short time. This fort was named in honor of Major Brown. It was large enough to accommodate about two thousand men. On the 3d of May, a battery at Matamoras opened a heavy cannonade and bombardment upon it, while quite a large number of troops crossed the river to attack it in The rear. In this engagement Major Brown was killed in the fort.

From this fort the Third Ohio was ordered to Camargo. Here it was sent to open out the line from that place to Monterey. Near Ceralvo a terrible sight was met. A large train carrying supplies to Gen. Taylor, had been attacked by Urrea's forces, numbering 1,000 lancers, who killed a number of teamsters and soldiers. Out of 150 wagons, 62 were cut off by the Many and burnt. Teamsters were tied behind their wagons and fires built underneath' them, and in the terrible agonies produced by a slow blaze, which burned to a crisp, they met their death. In that number was recognized the body of George Mann, of St. Clairsville. He was identified by company "D." One of the soldiers of company "D," who witnessed the affair several days after its occurrence, says, "it was one of the most heart sickening sights he ever saw." The bodies were stripped and horribly mutilated before being burned. Capt. Granger, Quartermaster, was found shot through the heart.

From Ceralvo the Third marched to Monterey. After several days of sojourn there, the Third was ordered to Buena Vista. Here it remained until its time of enlistment had expired. It then moved to New Orleans and was honorably discharged by Paymaster General Churchill. After being paid off the boys all left for their homes in good spirits, where quite a hearty welcome was extended to Company D, by the citizens of St. Clairsville and county upon their arrival, July 22, 1847.

BELMONT COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.

ROSTERS OF ITS COMPANIES AND REGIMENTS.

In the succeeding pages will be found the rosters of the companies and regiments which served in the war of the rebellion from Belmont county, as fully and correctly as could he obtained from the books of the Adjutant General's office in Columbus, Ohio.

Co. B., 15TH REGIMENT O. V. I.

[Three Months' Service.]

Captain William Wallace's company was recruited at Martin's Ferry. It marched from said place to Columbus, where it ar-

196 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.

rived on the 22d of April, 1861. It was organized with the 15th O. V. I., and made Co. B, The organization (May 13) of this Co., was as follows :

William Wallace, Captain.

James W. Clarke, 1st Lieutenant.

Joseph Frazier, 2nd Lieutenant.

William Robinson, 1st Sergeant.

B. B. Stewart, Sergeant.

John W. Daugherty, Sergeant.

Wesley Jones, Sergeant.

William H. Thurber, 1st Corporal.

James Rose, Corporal.

William Dilley, Corporal.

John D. Junkins, Corporal.

PRIVATES—Nicholas A llunder, John Armstrong, Charles Armstrong, Howard Afflick, William Billings, Moses M. Bell, Hiram K. Brooke, John G. Brooke, George W. Baggs, David Bailey, Alexander Bailey, Levi Barcus, Henry Brown, Jacob Bucy, Henry Bucy, Orloff Burris, Frederick Bye, Jefferson Chamberlin John R. Campbell, James M. Church, William A. Church, John S. Clarke, Marthen Clarke, Ebenezer Clarke, George Cud-man, Theodore Cooke, Thomas Cotteral, Wesley Coss, Adam A. Crossmyer, R. W. Darby, John Davidson, Joseph Dixon, Robert Duncan, Isaac Dear., Calvin Dailey, Robert Doig, Jeremiah Ebberts, George Erwin, Joseph Fulmer, Geo. W. Goodrich, Jacob Hymes, Andrew Hymes, Erie Hooker. John Harvey, Benj. F. Jenkins, Parrett Jump, Isaac Jones, James Kirnan, Thomas Kilgore, J. C. G. King, James King, Jas. Kinslow, Henry Knapp, John W. Knight, E. W. Lewis, Scott Liston, Abram McDonald, William H. Moore, James T. Moore, Alfred W. Moore, Aaron Moore, John McFarland, Franklin Miller, Henry Miller, George Murdock, Richard C. Nelson, Martin McConnaughey, George McCrackin, James W. Nelan, Isaac Newland, William H. New- land, John Ryan, Augustus Rothermond, Lewis Swartz, Joseph Samuels, Zane Smith, Luther Stewart, Henry H. Sharp, Bishop .D, Stall, Augustus Stall, Barney Thonburry, Kinsey Trueman, William Vance, Charles Woods, John Wilson, John Westbrooke, Henry Weidemyer, Martin Yost, Francis M. Yost, Orloff A. Zane.

This company reenlisted for three years.

Co. K, 17TH REGIMENT O. V. I.

(Three Months' Service.]

This company was recruited for the three months' service by Captain Peter Tallman, at St. Clairsville, April 22, 1861, and went into service on the 27th of same month. it was made Co. K of the 17th :Regiment, which was organized at Lancastor, Ohio. The cow panly' was as follows :

Peter Tallman, Captain.

Prank Askew, 1st Lieutenant.

W. C. Chandler, 2d Lieutenant.

John A. Work, 1st Sergeant.

Otho Holloway, 2d Sergeant.

Joseph Harris, 3rd Sergeant.

Thomas F. Nichols, 4th Sergeant.

William H.Tllman,, Corporal.

William C. Canaan, Corporal.

Charles H. Stewart, Corporal.

William H. Geller, Drummer.

Robert Buffington, Fifer.

PRIVATES.—W. O. Allison, William Barnett, E. H.Beardmore,, J. P. Burdett, Sylvester C. Brown, G. 0. Broxton, Henry Bright, Joseph Burkhead, Frank H. Blessing, Wilson.S. Colby, J. T. Collins, Alexis Cope, Isaac G. Cope, Morris Cope, Hiram J. Craft, Stacy B. Craft, Anderson Davison, David Denny,Oliverr Donner, Vesper Dorneck, Joseph N. Dubois, Hugh Douglass, Luther Etzler, John Fenton, Josephus Foreman, Edward R. Gardner, Smith Gardner, G. W. Glenn, John J. Glover, J. T. Glover, J. D. adsalll, Charles hall, Ed. D. Harden, John P. Harvy, Thomas I. Hawthorn, W. H. Hays, James W. Hays, Andrew P. Heaton, Oswald Heck, Walter ewetsonn, William Hill, William W. Mapper, Rufus W. Howard, Jesse Huff, Thos. Huntsman, George B. Hutchison, Joseph C. Jenkins, David R. Johnston, James F. Jones, John W. Jones, Simon Jones, Caleb Kirk, Thomas Lindsay, William I. Lindsay, James L. Lauley, A. P. W. Lee, William C. Lochary, Nelson Madden, JosephMarpoleo, Elwood Martin, Joseph McMillen, C. T. Moore, Franklin Moore, Joseph Myers, William Oliver, Wm. S. Patton, Isaac Paxton, Frank B. Plankey, Wm. J. Porterfield, Alfred Powell, Sterling Riggs, James T. Robison, William. A. Robison, Wm. H. Smith, Jerry Stinard, Evans T. Strahl, James H. Swat Francis W. Sanders, James Tallman, Chalkley Thomas, Robert A. Todd, Westley Vanhorn, Mashall Westley, Thomas Woo( Aaron D. Yocum.

Company K. was sent with the regiment down the Ohio, an did garrison work in West Virginia. It was mustered out of service on the 3d of August, 1861. Most of this company re- enlisted again into the 17th and other regiments.

COMPANY B OF THE THIRD OHIO INFANTRY.

Of the Third Ohio Infantry Belmont county furnished on company, which served under two terms of enlistments, Apr 16, 1861, and May 3, 1861, the first for three months and th latter for three years. The regiment was organized at "Cam Jackson." On the 27th of April it was mustered into the *United States service. An election by ballot was held for field officers, which resulted in the choice of the following gentlemen

Colonel—Isaac Morrow, of Columbus, Ohio.

Lieutenant-Colonel—John Beatty, of Morrow county, Ohio.

Major—J. Warren Kiefer, of Clark county.

The original enrollment of company B, which commenced duty June 13, 1861, for the three years' service is as follows:

Captain—James H: Wing.

First Lieutenant—Wesley L. Patterson.

First Sergeant—Wilber H. Sage.

Second Sergeant—John B. McRoberts.

Third Sergeant—Oliver P. Barnes.

Fourth Sergeant—Michael D. King.

Fifth Sergeant—Albert D. Brush.

Corporal—Wm. L. Pinkerton.

Corporal—George McDonald.

Corporal—James B. Bringham.

Corporal—Elisha C. Briggs.

Corporal—William D. Robinson.

Corporal—Mahlon O'Harra.

Corporal—Samuel Nevels.

Corporal—Charles W. Benedict.

Wagoner—Alex.Moorhead.

PRIVATES.—John Anthony, Benjamin Bufford, D. W. Brun Baugh, George Brown, Jas. W. Barrie, Michael Bolinger, Wm. Bafford, William H. Barnes, Charles H. Byers, James Cordroy; Frank Christian, Jas. J. Chambers, Charles Case, John Conne Lewis M. Currier, James Daly, J. P. Demorest, Mathew Davies, Ross J. Dennis, Thomas Duffy, Doctor Dirth, Chas. A. Elzter, Dan. B. Edson, Robert Finch, Samuel L. French, Robert Griffith, S. B. Gray, Peter Gray, Henry Harcourt, Alonzo Hail Joseph L. Hall. Ellis Hall, Samuel Harvey, Bushwood flog Dan. II. Jones, Samuel Jones, John Keiser, Thomas Lunrt Samuel Labaugh, Charles McKoun, Wm. H. McCartney, Isra Mostwigh, Wm. H. Moore, Wm. H. McCleary, Thomas Messer, Nicholas Monahan, Edward Morrison, John Neill, Elijah Oakley, Charles E. Patter, Henry Eamer, Jas. W. :Rainey, M chael Ryan, Isaac Reese, Charles Stafford, Samuel Sayers, The G. Shankland, George W., Swaney, Charles Swing, Joel C. Traecy, John H. Tracy, Oliver Wild, Charles Willis, Andrew Weimer, Albert Warner, Shannon Wilson, Elliott White, Henry Young.

RECRUITS.—Simon P. Butler, October 15, 1861; Jas. B. Brigham, Dec. 26, 1863.; B. W. Holten, Nov. 19, 1863 ; Michael Handley, Dec. 30, 1863 ; Aaron Livingston, Oct. 15, 1864; G. W. Mason, Oct. 15, 1861; John A. Moore, Aug. 25, 1862; *in. McCurdy, Oct. 10, 1862; J, W, Price, David Summers, Israel Sheppard, Benj. Uncles, Christopher Winneman, Emerson White, Oct. 15, 1861.

PROMOTIONS.

John B. McRoberts, from 1st Sergeant to 2d Lieutenant, July 31, 1861; from 2d Lieutenant to 1st Lieutenant, August 28 1862; from 1st to Captain. February 26, 1863.

Wm. L. Pinkerton, appointed Sergeant from Corporal, July 31, 1861 ; appointed 1st Sergeant, March 1, 1863.

Elisha C. Biggs, appointed Sergeant from Corporal, July 31, 1861.

Charles Swing, appointed Sergeant from Corporal, Sept. 28 1862.

Samuel L. French, appointed Sergeant from Corporal, Oct, 2 1862.

James W. Banie, appointed Sergeant from Corporall, March 1, 1863.

Charles B. McBrown, Corporal, Sept. 28, 1862.

Jas. M. Ranney, appointed Corporal, Oct. 2, 1862.

Robert J. Dennis, appointed Corporal, March 1, 1863.

HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 197

Henry E. Harcourt, appointed corporal, April 1, 1863.

William H. McCourtney, appointed corporal, Dec. 15, 1863.

DISCHARGED.

Capt. Wesley L. Patterson, Feb. 28, 1863; W. H. Sage, Sept. 18, 1861 ; Ellis Bolen, August 16, 1862 ; George W. Brown, August 16, 1862; William Bafford, March 12,1863; W. C. Barnes, April 8, 1863, for wounds received at Nashville, Tenn. ; Schuler Currier, Aug. 18, 1862 ; John P. Demorest, March 5, 1863 ; Peter Gray, Oct. 9, 1861 ; Alonzo Haun, Oct. 9, 1861 ; Michael Handley, March 6, 1863, for wounds ; Edward Morrison, Aug. 13, 1861 ; W. H. H. Moore, Feb. 10, 1863 ; James J. O'Harra, March 12, 1863 ; Charles E. Potter, March 12, 1862 ; Wm, L. Robinson, July 5, 1862, in order to receive promotion ; Abraham Sheppard, Feb. 2, 1863, to enlist in Marine service ; Samuel Sayers, March 6, 1863 ; Charles Willis, Feb. 10, 1863 ; Shannon Wilson, Jan. 10, 1862 ; Robert Finch, Jan. 10, 1863.

TRANSFERRED.

Capt. Jas. H. Wing, from line to field and staff, Sept. 26, 1862, by commission as Major ; John Anthony, Dec. 31, 1861, Co. H., 3rd O. V. I., by order of Col. John Beatty ; Martin Bertch, Feb. 2. 1863, marine service ; John Conner, Dec. 31, 1861, Co. E., 3rd 0. V. 1. ; James Condray, December 21, 1863, to V. R. C. ; D. B. Edson, Nov. 19, 1863, to V. R. C. ; Daniel S. Gray, June 13, 1861, 13th O. V. 1. ; Isaac Reese, Oct 20, 1863, Co. H., 3rd. Regiment.

DIED.

Benjamin Bafford, died July 8, 1861, at Cincinnati.

Frank Christian, Feb. 27, 1863, at Murfreesboro, Tenn., of chronic diarrhæ.

Charles B. Case, April 8, 1864, at Chattanoogo of typhoid pneumonia.

Thomas Duffey, April 3, 1864, at Louisville, Ky., of chronic diarrhæ.

James Dailey, Jan. 2, 1862, Guernsey Co. O.

Doctor Dirth, Feb. 7, 1862,. at Camp Jefferson; Ky., of small pox.

Robert Griffith, Oct. 8, 1862, Perrysville, Ky., of wounds received in battle.

Joseph L. Hall, Dec. 15, 1861, Louisville, Ky., of wounds received in battle.

G. F. Hall, Oct. 8, 1862, Perrysville, Ky., of wounds received in battle.

B. Hoge, Oct. 8, 1862, Perrysville, Ky of wounds received in battle::'

John Kaiser, Jan. 17, 1862, Camp Jefferson, Ky. James Larrison, Dec. 8, 1862, Three Springs, Tenn.

Thomas Messer Dec.22, 1862, Nashville, Tenn.

David Stidd, March 26, 1863, Murfreesboro, Tenn., of chronic diarrkæ.

Alex. Summers, April 3, 1863.

Charles Stafford, May 2, 1863, Cedar Bluffs, Ga., of wounds received in battle.

Edward M. Suttles, Jan. 3, 1863, Store River, Tenn., same.

George W. Swaney, Oct. 8, 1862, Perrysville, Ky., same.

Joel C. Tracy, Nov. 23, 1861, Clarksburg, Va.

E. White, April 19, 1864, Chattanooga, Tenn., typhoid pneumonia.

Owen E. Moore, Dec. 31, 1862, Stone River, Tenn,, of wounds in battle.

CO. E. 15TH REGIMENT O. V. I.

Company E of the 15th Regiment, which was recruited in Belmont county, arrived in Mansfield, September 12, 1861. At this place the 15th Regiment, which was among the first to respond to the President's first call for seventy-five thousand men, reorganized with the following field officers :

Moses Dickey, Colonel William T. Wilson,

Lieutenant-Colonel William Wallace, Major ;

Orrin Ferris, Surgeon. Company E was as follows :

Frank Askew, Captain.

Chandler W. Carroll, 1st Lieutenant.

Lorenzo Danford, 2d Lieutenant.

John H. Thompson, 1st Sergeant.

James N, Dubois, Sergeant.

Samuel Hines, Sergeant.

John W. Harris, Sergeant.

Walter Hewetson, Sergeant.

Hugh Douglass, Corporal.

William A. Hogue, Corporal.

Morris Cope, Corporal.

William G. Malin, Corporal.

Oliver Donner, Corporal.

James Hewetson, Corporal,

Stacy B, Craft, Corporal.

Charles Hall, Corporal.

Alex. S. Wiley, Drummer.

David S. McMasters, Fifer,

Wm. F, Hutcheson, Wagoner.

PRIVATES.- William Adams, George W. Ashton, George Billet, Edwin G. Blocher, William Bright, Henry Brooks, Sylvester C. Brown, Stephen Burley, John Campbell, Boyd Cameron, W Liam Cavender, George Castel', Isaac G. Cope, G. W. Cope, Oliver J. Cope, Hugh Crymble, John W. Danford, Benjamin Davis, William Dawson, Isaac E. Dillon, B. W. Dysart, J. B. Dysart, Charles Ember, John Elliott, Calvin Etzler, John Fenton, Jonathan Fitzgerald, Hugh Foster, John W. Fred, Edward R. Gardner, Smith Gardner, P. F. Given, William Gilham, James Hall, Hugh A. Hawkins, W. H. Hayes, Jack Heaton, John Heaton, Oliver Henderson, Rufus W. Howard, .Robert Humphrey, G. B. Hufchison, James F. Jones, Abner Jones, Isaac Knight, Albert W. Lee, John II. Leisure, George W. Mackinson, James S. Maring, Washington McMasters, William P. McCance, Joseph McMillen, Samuel McMillen J. C. McGee, Edward P. Mechem, John F. Mercer, James T. Metcalf; John J. Mitchner, Samuel Moore, Isaac Paxton, William 0. Peterman, John E. Pickering, Alfred Powell, John D. Roscoe, Wm. H. Satter- thwaite, Fernando W. Shackleford, James T. Sharpless, Wm. R. Smith, Ephraim H. Snyder, Joseph E. Stewart, Robt. B. Stewart, Amos Taylor, John W. Tipton, James B. Tipton, George A. Todd, John A. Todd, T. W. Vanlaw, Albert Wagoner, Milton B. Waters, Chas. J. Williams, Thomas Wood, Peter Gray.

CASUALTIES.

PROMOTIONS.-Capt. David Welsh, appointed first sergeant Nov. 1, 1862. Was appointed to first Lieutenant Feb. 9, 1865, and assigned to duty in Co. E. Promoted to Captain, April 6.

Oliver Donner was appointed sergeant, August 28;1862. Appointed first sergeant January 1, 1864. Promoted to 2d Lieutenant April 20, 1864. Promoted to 1st Lieutenant June 15, 1865. Severely wounded June 21, 1864, near Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.

Calvin Etzler was appointed corporal Sept. 1, 1862 ; sergeant, Jan. 1, 1864; to first sergeant, Feb. 9, 1865. Taken prisoner at battle of Stone River. Exchanged and returned to duty Jan., 1863.

George W. McMasters was appointed corporal April 1, 1863, and then to sergeant May 28, 1864.

James Hall was appointed corporal. Jan. 1, 1864 ; appointed sergeant May 28, 1864. Taken prisoner at battle of St; River. Exchanged and returned to duty June, 1863.

Isaac E. Dillon was appointed corporal Jan. 1, 1864. Appointed sergeant Feb. 9, 1865. Wounded at battle of Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862.

Hugh A. Hawkins was appointed corporal Jan. 1, 1864, and sergeant Feb. 9, 1865.

Hugh Crymble was appointed corporal Jan. 1, 1864.

John P. Heaton was appointed corporal Jan, 1, 1864. Taken prisoner at battle of Stone River. Exchanged and returned to duty June, 1863.

Geo. W. Ashton was appointed corporal Jan. 1, 1864. Wounded at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862. Paroled by the enemy. Exchanged and returned to duty Nov., 1863.

Isaac W. Knight was appointed corporal Jan. 1, 1864. Taken prisoner at battle of Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862. Exchanged and returned to duty June, 1863.

Robert B. Stewart was appointed corporal May 28, 1864.

Allen Wade was appointed corporal May 28, 1864.

John J. Michner was appointed corporal Feb. 9, 1865.

Sylvester C. Brown was appointed corporal Feb. 9, 1865.

Finnemore Cochran entered as recruit.

John W. Harris was promoted to 1st sergeant Nov. 29 1862. Reduced to ranks at his own request Jan, 1, 1864.

Frank Askew was mustered out to accept an appointment as Lt.-Col., December 6, 1862:

Lorenzo Danford entered as 2d Lt., promoted to 1st Lt. Sept.. 24, 1862. Mustered out on surgeon’s certificate, Aug. 1864.

Jos, N. Dubois was promoted to 2nd Lt. April 26, 1862, and assigned to duty in Co. B., promoted to let Lt. and Adjutant,

198 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFEERSON COUNTIES.

Sept. 10, 1862, 4,t Nashville, Tenn., and assigned to duty in Co. E., March 14, 1864. Promoted to Captain, Aug. 13, 1864. Promoted to Major March 10, 1865.

Chandler W. Carrol entered as 1st Lt. and was promoted to Captain Sept. 24, 1862, and assigned to duty in Co. K.

Samuel Mlles was promofed to 2d Lt. September 20, 1862, Promoted, Dec. 7 1862, to 1st Lieutenant. Wounded at battle of Stone River Dec. 31, 1862. Discharged by order of War

Department, Dec. 7, 1863.

Thomas C. Davis was appointed 1st Sergeant Sept. 22, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lt. June 18, 1863. He was then promoted to 1st Lt., and assigned to duty in Co. E, Sept. 1, 1864. Was promoted to captain and assigned to duty in Co. C. Jan. 29, 1865.

Walter Hewetson was appointed 1st Sergeant Sept, 26, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lt. Nov. 29, 1862. Resigned Aug. 1, 1863.

KILLED IN BATTLE.

George B. Hutcheson was appointed sergeant, San. 1, 1864, and then to 1st Sergeant, April 20. 1864. Killed May 24, 1864, North, Ga.

W. A. Hoge was appointed Sergeant, Sept. 1, 1862. Killed December 31, 1862.

Joseph Hewetson, killed at battle of Shiloh, April 7, 1862. Stacy B. Craft, killed at battle of Shiloh, April 7, 1862. Samuel McMillan, taken prisoner Dec. 31, 1862. Exchanged, and returned for duty June, 1863. Appointed corporal Jan. 1, 1864. Killed in battle May 27, 1864, North Ga.

Thomas Anderson, killed in battle, May 27, 1864, North Ga.

Stephen Barley, taken prisoner Dec. 31, 1862. Exchanged and returned for duty June. 1863. Killed at battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1876.

Oliver J. Cope was appointed corps, Jan. 29, 1863. Reduced to ranks Jan. 1, 1864, at his own request. Killed in battle June 21, 1864, in North Ga.

John Campbell: killed at battle of Shiloh, April 7, 1862.

George A, Todd, killed in battle June 21, 1864, near Kenesaw Mountain, North Ga.

Thomas Wood, killed in battle May 27, 1864.

THE MISSING AND WOUNDED IN RATTLE, AND CAPTURED.

James M. Booth, missing since May 27, 1864, in North Ga.

John D. Roscoe, taken prisoner at battle of Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862. Exchanged June, 1863. Sick in hospital till March 1, 1864. Missing since May 27, 1864, in North Ga.

William Young, missing since May 27, 1864, in North Ga.

Robert Applegarth, severely wounded June 11, 1863, near Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.

George Billet, wounded and paroled Dec. 31, 1862, at Stone River. Exchanged and returned to duty Nov., 1863.

Henry H. Brooks, taken prisoner at battle of Stone River, Dec. 31, 1863. Exchanged and returned to duty June, 1863.

William Gilliam, taken prisoner Dec; 31, 1862, at Stone :River. Exchanged and returned to duty June, 1863.

Oliver J. Henderson, taken prisoner at Stone River, Oct. 31, 1862. Exchanged and returned to duty June, 1863.

Robert Humphrey, taken prisoner Oct., 1862, and paroled, exchanged, and returned to duty Feb., 1803.

David S. McMasters, taken prisoner at Stone River, Dec. 31, 1862, Exchanged and returned to duty June, 1863.

Joseph E. Stewart, taken prisoner at Stone .River Dec. 31, 1862. Exchanged and returned to duty June, 1853.

DISCHARGED.

John H, Thompson, discharged Aug. 29, 1962, on account of wounds received April 7, 1862, at the battle of Shiloh.

Hugh Douglas was corporal from enlistment. Appointed sergeant Novemher 1, 1862 ; discharged at expiration of term of service, September 1, 1864.

W. G. Malin was corporal from enlistment. Appointed sergeant May 21, 1862 ; wounded and taken prisoner September 20, 1863, at Chickamauga ; exchanged and discharged December 24. 1864.

James A. Adams discharged June 9, 1865, at Nashville.

Joseph Butts, taken prisoner September 25, 1864; exchanged and discharged June 9, 1865.

Samuel Bell, wounded June 18, 1864, at North Georgia ; dis charged June 8, 1865.

William Cavender, taken prisoner December 31, 1862; exchanged and discharged May 18, 1863, on certificate of disability.

Boyd K. Cameron, discharged November 15, 1861; Gel W. Castello, June 5, 1862; Wilson H. Cochran, July 16, 61 John W. Cope, November 15, 1861 ; Isaac G. Cope, August 6, 1862; John W. Crymble, June 8, 1865; Boyd W, Dysart, MI 12, 1862; Benjamin Davis, September 18, 1864; Henry Don June 10, 1865 ; John Elliott, February 17, 1862 ; Benjamin Etzler, May 3. 1865; Edwin R. Gardner, February 17, 1/ Peter Gray, November 15, 1861 ; P. F. Given, February 1862; Rufus W. Howard, March 2, 1863 ; Samuel Moore, tember 18, 1862 ; James T. Metcalf, November 10, 1862; Art Murdock, May 30, 1865 ; William A. Nichols, June 10, 1865.

Isaac Patton, appointed corporal. Wounded and taken over September 20, 1863; exchanged and discharged September 18, 1864, at expiration of term.

William 0. Peterman, discharged September, 1864, on cer cate of disability.

Ephraim H. Snyder, discharged October 12, 1862, on cer cate of disability.

William H. Hays appointed corporal July, 1862. Appoir sergeant April 1, 1863. Reduced to rank at own request Ja ary 1, 1864. Discharged September 18, 1864, at expiration term.

Charles Embree taken prisoner October, 1862 ; exchanged discharged, September, 1864, at expiration of term.

John Fenton, March 31, 1863; wounded at Stone River, cember 31, 1862.

Jack Heaton, September 18, 1864, at expiration of term.

Frank M. Heaton. Wounded and prisoner at the battle Chickamauga, Ga., September 19, 1863; exchanged and charged May 18, 1865.

Charles M. Hall was corporal at enrollment. Taken priso December 13, 1862 , exchanged ; wounded and taken prise September 19, 1863; exchanged and discharged December 1864.

Abner Jones taken prisoner December 30, 1862 ; exchanged and discharged, September 18, 1864.

Albert W. Lee, August 6, 1862, on certificate of disability. G. W. Mackison, November 15, 1861, on certificate of d bility.

James F. Marring appointed corporal July 1, 1862. Won ed and prisoner September 20, 1863 ; discharged at expiration of term.

W. P. McCance, July 14, 1862, on certificate of disability.

John T. Mercer, expiration of service.

Alfred Powell, taken prisoner December 30, 1862 ; exchan and discharged September 18, 1864.

Wm. F. Sharpless, July 29, 1862, on certificate of disability

Fernando Shackleford, April 11, 1863, on account of wounds received December 31, 1862.

W. B. Smith, September 25, 1862, on account of wounds ceived April 7, 1862.

Wm. H. Scatterthwait, taken prisoner December 31, 1862 ; exchanged ; returned to duty June, 1863. Taken again at Chickamauga, September 19, 1863 ; discharged, December 29, 1864.

Jas. E. Tipton, December 21, 1864, term expired.

Thomas W. Vanlaw, August 14, 1862, term expired.

Milton B. Waters, September 13, 1864, term expired.

Albert Wagoner taken prisoner December 13, 1862; exchanged and returned to duty. June, 1863; wounded at the battle of Chick amauga, September 19, 1863 ; discharged at expiration, of term

Alexander S. R iley, September 18, 1864, term expired.

Charles J. Williams, July 18, 1862, on account of wounds received April 7, 1862.

DIED.

John W. Danford died January' 14, 1863, of wounds received December 31, 1862.

Wm. L. Hutcheson died in hospital, April 5, 1862.

George Durbin died April 27, 1868.

Joseph Durbin died in rebel hospital of wounds received May 27, 1864.

J B. Dysart died January 15, 1863, of wounds received December 31, 1862.

Charles Etzler died May, 1864, accident.

Jonathan Fitzgerald died March 1, 1862, of fever.

John W. Fredd, died February 17, 1863, Nashville, Tenn.

James T. Jones died January 13, 1862, at home.

John C. Jones died June 30, 1864, of wounds received.

Edward P. Mechen died May 5, 1862, of wounds received April 7, 1862.

HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 199

Oliver Mills died September 20, 1864, at Atlanta, Ga.

Elisha P. Scott died April 20, 1864, of small pox.

John A. Todd died November 19, 1862

John W. Tipton died February 16, 1864,

James, Tweedy died June 2, 1864.

Daniel Wallace died June, 1864, of wounds received June 23, 1864.

This company was mustered out November 21, 1865.

CO. F, 15TH REGIMENT, O. V. I.

Amos Glover; Captain.

James M. Welsh, First Lieutenant.

Nicholas M. Fowler, Second Lieutenant.

E. B. Rowles, Sergeant.

Herman Goulder, Sergeant.

James O. Scott, Sergeant.

John F. Glover, Sergeant.

Daniel Diday, Sergeant.

William Barrett, Corporal.

B. F. Richardson, Corporal.

Elwood Martin, Corporal.

Lafayette Hess, Corporal.

John C. Jackson, Corporal.

Adam C. McCoffey, Corporal.

Nelson Madden, Corporal.

Charles B. Hamilton, Corporal.

G. W. Wilson, Musician.

John Brandon, Musician.

PRIVATES.

James Barnett, Richard Bennett, Israel D. Boston, John Branden, Charles Branden, James Bernands, Jacob Boger, Jacob Brewer, Henry H. Bowles, John Brewer, Josiah Bowles, Wm. Brewer, Levi Brock, V. Baumherger, G. W. Boston, Josephus Clagg, John Craig, Thomas H. Collins, John F. Coulter, John F. Dailey, George Davis, W. H. Davis, Lewis Davis, Joseph Diday, Nathan Daun, Samuel Erly, John Feiss, Charles C. Gibson, John F. Gibson, Andrew Garloch, Jacob Garloch, James Goodrich, Josiah D. Glover, Jacob Graf, Isaac H. Green, Christian Hinkle, Dixon M. Hays, Cyrus Hurly, Nehemiah Hurly, L. Harris, W. 11. Johns, James A. Jones, Jas. H. Knox, Israel Kinney, Conrad Ring, John J. Mills, Samuel McKirchan, David Mills, C. B. Mills, Joseph McMillen, Nathan Nelson, John Ore, George Richeson, Martin Reynolds, John Schuster, William Scott, Daniel Thomas, W. H. Wingrove, Samuel R. Wingrove, Thos. B. Week1y, Nathan Watson, Thos. R. Yocum, John V. Yocum, Ashbury Welsh, Leander Warren, Abner Wilhert, R, W. Moberly, George Asher Christian Taylor.

The above company was recruited at Glencoe and Powhattan, it was mustered into service September 20, 1861; at Mansfield, and made company "F" of the 15th regiment. It was discharged November 21, 1865.

PROMOTIONS, TRANSFERS, ETC.

Alexis Cope entered the service as Sergeant of Co. K. Appointed Sergeant Major, April 14, 1863. Promoted to Second Lieutenant of Co. D, July 31, 1863. Promoted to First Lieutenant of Co. E. Made Captain of Co. F, January 8, 1865.

Jacob Boger, promoted from Commissary- Sergeant to First Lieutenant, and assigned to Co. —, F 9, 1865.

Jas. P. Scott was wounded in battle at Chickamauga, September 19, 1863. Made First Sergeant, March 21, 1865.

Ebenezer W. Hutchison made Sergeant January 1, 1864. Captured at battle of Stone .River, December 31, 1862. Released January 21, 1863.

James Goodrich was made Corporal January 1, 1864. Made Sergeant June 23, 1864.

William H. Jones was made Corporal May 28, 1864. Made Sergeant August, 1864.

Dixon M. Hays was made Corporal January 1, 1864; wounded at battle of Stone River, December 31, 1862, and Kenesaw Mountain June, 1864. Thos. B. Jackson was made Corporal January 1, 1864; captured at battle of Stone River, December 31, 1862; released January 21,: 1863. Augustus Bradt made Corporal September 8, 1864. john F. Daily made Corporal August 10, 1864. Geo, W. Wilson made Corporal August 10, 1862. William Brewer made Corporal Mareh 9, 1865. Charles Baetticher was wounded in hattle at Chicamauga. John Diday was made Corporal June 1, 1864; wounded in battle at Liberty Gap, June 25, 1863, and Nashville, December 15, 1864. Abra ham Ewers was wounded in the battle at Chicamauga, September 19, 1863. Amos Glover resigned March 15, 1864. James N. Welsh was mustered out on account of disability, August 10, 1862. Samuel Bechtell resigned to accept promotion in U. S. Signal Corps, September 1, 1864.

KILLED IN BATTLE.

Nicholas M. Fowler was killed in battle at Chickamauga, September 20, 1863. Lafayette Hess was made sergeant April 23, 1864; wounded in battle at Liberty Gap June 25, 1863; killed before Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 23, 1864. Adam C. McCaffrey, corporal, was killed in battle at Stone river December 31, 1862. Joseph A. Jones, corporal, was killed in battle at Pickett's Mill, Ga., May 27, 1864. James McKirahan was killed in battle at Shiloh April 7, 1862. John Craig was killed in battle at Stone river December 31, 1862. George Davis was killed in battle at Liberty Gap, June 25, 1863. William Barnett was killed in battle at Liberty Gap, June 24, 1863. Jacob Hesht was killed in battle at Stone river December 31, 1862. George Richeson was killed in battle at Liberty Gap June 25, 1863.

DISCHARGED.

Martin Elwood, July 30, 1862. Crawford E. Welsh was wounded at Kenesaw Mountain June 18, 1864; discharged December 13, 1864. Nathan Watson was captured at the .battle of Chickamauga September 19, 1863; discharged April 3, 1965. William Woodburn, September 5, 1865. John V. Yocum, September 19, 1864. Richard Bennett, September 19, 1864. Israel D. Boston, September 19, 1864. James Bernard was wounded at the battle of Resaca, La., May 18, 1864; discharged September 19, 1864. Josiah D. Bowles was wounded in battle at Stone river December 31, 1862 ; Discharged February I4, 1865. Levi Brock was wounded in battle at Shiloh April 7, 1862 ; discharged August 29, 1862. George W. Boston was captured in Kentucky and released September, 1862 ; captured at battle of Chickamauga September 19, 1863 ; discharged September 19, 1864. James Barnett was captured at Vining Station, Ga., July 7, 1864; discharged May 30, 1865. Charles Brandon was captured in Kentucky, September, 1862; captured at battle of Stone river December 31, 1862, and at battle of Chickamauga September 19, 1863. Iven Brandon, March 27, 1863. James K. P. Barker was wounded at Mission Ridge November 28, 1863 ; discharged December, 1864; Mark Brown, June 10, 1865 ; 1). W. Babcock, June 10, 1865; John T. Coulter, February 21, 1862. Thomas II. Collins was captured at battle of Stone river December 31, 1862 ; discharged December 10, 1864. B. M. Carr, June 10, 1865; Richard Carroll, June 10, 1865; Andrew Gollison, June 10, 1865; Nathan Downs, September 19, 1864; Lewis Davis, September 19, 1864 ; Joseph Diday, September 16, 1862. William H. Daviswas wounded before Kenesaw June 23, 1864; discharged February, 1865. Aaron Davis, June 10, 1865; John P. Dallier, June 10, 1865; David P. Drake, June 10, 1865; John .Feiss, June 21, 1862. John C. Fletcher was wounded before Kenesaw Mountain June 23, 1864; discharged November 9, 1864. Lee Fehrenbaugh, June 10, 1865; Jacob Garlach, November 18, 1862 ; Asher Green, March 18, 1863. Charles C. Gibson was captured at battle of Stone river December 31, 1862; released January 21, 1863; discharged February 14. 1865. John T. Glover, September 19, 1864. Andrew Garlach was wounded in battle at Stone river December 31, 1862 ; discharged February 19, 1864. Herman Gulden, September 19, 1864 ; Josiah D. Glover, September 19, 1864. Leonidas Harris was wounded at battle of Chickamauga September 19, 1863; discharged February 15, 1864. Michael Hess, September 19, 1864; David Jones, June 10, 1865; John C. Jackson, September 14, 1864. James H. Knox was captured at battle of Chickamauga September 14, 1863 ; discharged 23, 1865. John Kedtch, June 10, 1865; John Logston, June 10, 1865; Thomas Linton, June 10, 1865; Samuel Livingston, June 10, 1865; George Martin, July 16, 1862 ; R. W. Moberly, Fehruary 18, 1862. John Mills was captured at battle of Chickamauga September 19, 1863. Fielding Magness; June 10, 1865; Nathan Nelson, September 19, 1864 ; George A. Porterfield, July 19, 1862 ; John Patton, June 10, 1865. Benj. F. Richeson, wounded at Liberty Gap, June 25, 1863; discharged September 19, 1864. Martin Reynolds, September 19, 1864; Frederick Rowe, June 10, 1865 ; William Richardson, June 10, 1865; Frederick Keneral, June 10, 1865; John Richardson, June 10, 1865; Walter B. Simpson, June 10, 1865; harry Sickman, June 10, 1865; Benjamin P.