Amount allowed for damages by rebels Amount allowed for damages by U. S. forces under U. S. officers  Amount allowed for damages by forces not and U. S. officers   Total amount allowed

$419 00 826 00 490 00 $1,735 00

GENERAL STATISTICS. According to the adjutant general's report, the total number of Ohio militia called out was 587 companies, numbering 49,357 men ; the amount paid them being $212,318 97. In which statement appears—Jefferson county, five companies, 511 men ; amount paid, $939 10. Belmont, six companies, 378 men; amount paid, $816 86. But a foot note to the general tabular statement says : "Many companies that responded promptly and performed efficient service for from one to five days, have returned muster rolls and declined payment for the services rendered in defense of their homes ; still, others have never made out rolls for pay, generously donating their services to the state. The entire force of Harrison county, through Mr. Shotwell, secretary of the military committee, unanimously declined payment for the very important service they rendered. There are, however, rolls outstanding that have been returned on account of some defects. I have information of about seventy additional companies that ;have reported for pay, most of which will be ultimately paid; they will increase the number paid to upwards of fifty-five thousand men, and add $20,000 to the sum total. The Governor's stated sum of the expenses of the raid is as follows:

Pay proper of militia Damage by the enemy. Damage by our own troops Total amount

$250,000 485,000 152,000 $897,000

This was exclusive of the heavy expense of subsisting and transporting. CHAPTER XXIII. STEUBENVILLE. HISTORICAL SKETCHES FROM ITS INCEPTION TO THE PRESENT—HOW THE BEATEN TRACKS OF THE RED MAN METAMORPHOSED INTO MAIN ARTERIES FOR THE CIRCULATION AND CONDUCT OF TRADE AND COMMERCE - INTERESTING REFERENCES TO THE OUTGROWTH OF NEARLY ONE HUNDRED YEARS, AS PRESENTED AT THE SEAT OF JUSTICE FOR JEFFERSON COUNTY. The revolution wrought in everything within the scope of human conception—as demonstrated by the results of the past century—presents few instances more interesting and worthy of record than the development of America's greatness. Hence, as the aggregate result bears upon the face of it the imprint of noble earned success, we may be credited with pardonable pride when we seek to expatiate on those lesser achievements that have contributed their quota to the establishment of so gratifying a general result. Prominent among the arenas that loomed up in by gone years—wherein the worthy cause of civilization waged war against ignorance, indolence, superstition and savagery—may be included the present site of the city of Steubenville, the location of which was then ascertained only from its latitude and longitude, or the much less intelligible designation that it lay between certain creeks, and was bounded by instinctively surveyed trails. The earliest accounts of pale faces gazing upon the site in question, is found in the report of D'Celeron's expedition under Louis XIV, 1749*—the expcdition of George Crogan, an Indian officer under the British, in 1765 † —Washington's trip, in company with Crawford, in 1770 ‡ --followed by numerous expeditions on the part of soldiers during Dunmore's campaign and the Revolutionary war. At that time, hereabouts, nature in all her romantic and virgin beauty * See D'Celeron's Expedition, † See extracts from Geo. Crogan's Journal. ‡ See Washington's Tour to the Ohio. —reigned supreme. Alternate waving woodlands and rocky shores, in silence, fantastically mirrored themselves in the rippling stream of the ruthless Ohio. Wild ravines, choked with briers and paw-paw bushes intersected plateaus of verdant pasture, as yet strange to an implement of husbandry, while the waving forests on towering hills stood, as it were, in bold defi- ance to the all powerful sway of civilization. Human habita- tions were confined to the miserable Indian wigwams, and the woods yet resounded with the roar of bears, the howl of wolves, or tremulous bleat of the more timid deer. Game was abundant—particularly wild fowls—and the sole monarch of the rich preserve was the wily "red skin," whose most coveted prize was, nevertheless, the scalp of some venturesome explorer, should he happen to cross his path. But as the representative races of civilization bore down upon the scene, their superior intelligence and indomitable enterprise soon bade defiance to the savage, and promptly opened up a short cut to every achievement they willed. By 1786, the fates would seem to have ordained the inauguration of a vastly revolutionized state of affairs. That year the government selected the present site of Steubenville as the most desirable for a military defense. Accordingly Captain Hamtramck, of the United States army, was instructed to erect a block house, or place of refuge, to protect the government surveyors already at work in the vicinity procuring official data. In February of 1787, a fortification was completed, and named after a well known official Prussian Baron*. "FORT STEUBEN." It stood on the second river bank, now known as High street, the south line of the fort running to the present north line of the. Hon. J. H. Miller's property at the corner of High and Adam streets, and continuing out to-the front bench. The structure was in the form of a square, with block houses twenty-eight feet square set diagonally at the corner. The angles of the block houses were connected with lines of pickets one hundred and fifty feet in length, forming the sides of the fort. Each block house consisted of two rooms sufficient for fourteen men. It also contained a commissary store, barracks, quartermaster store, magazine, artificer's shop, guard house, built on two piers with a piazza looking inward, and a sally post between the piers. From a flag pole floated the national standard in the good old cause of "freedom, good and right," as it offered protection and hospitality to those engaged in a just cause ; yet a black hole or place of confinement was duly provided for the reception of the obstreperous. The main gate faced the river, and the width of the block houses diagonally was a little eve' thirty-nine feet—the distance between the points being one hundred and fifty feet. It was considered exceptionally substantial, in those days, and constructed with a considerable amount of skill. In further testimony, as to the completeness of this foil:, we extract the following entry from the diary of Major Erkuries Beatty, paymaster in the western army, between May 15, 1786 and June 5, 1787. He says :—February 6, 1787, we set off in a contractor's boat, in company with Captain Heart ; was obliged to remain one day at Fort McIntosh on account of high wind ahead, but arrived at Fort Steuben in one day. This is a fort built since I was on the river, by Captain Hamtramck, above Mingo bottom on the Indian shore, about forty-seven miles below Mclntosh and twenty-three above Wheeling. It is about 120 yards from the river, on a very excellent high bank of commanding ground. A square with a large block house on each corner, and pickets between each block house form the fort. The big gate, fronting the main on the west and the sally port the river, with the guard house over the latter. The block house serves for all the men and the officer's houses are on each side of the big gate the back part of them serving RS a row of pickets. It is garrisoned by Captains Hamtramck and Mercer's companies, the former commanding. Stayed here one night, and arrived at Fort Harmar, mouth of the Muskingum." The major subsequently refers to making two other visits to Fort Steuben—February 26th and March 25th, of the same year—but furnishes no additional comment of local interest. During May * Baron Frederic William Augustus Steuben, an othcer of the American revolution, was born in Maydeburg, Prussia, November 15, 1730, and died near Utica, N. Y., November 28 1791. W hen only fourteen years of age, he volunteered in military life under his father who was an officer under Frederic the Great, and was at the, seige of Prague. He evidenced exceeding valor and gained rapid promotion. He arrived at Portsmouth, N. H•, December 1. 1777, and tendered his services, as a volunteer, to General Washington, expressing his sympathies with the colonies. On May 5, 1778, he was appointed inspector gen- oral, with the rank of major general, and greatly improved the condition. of the Continental troops. In 1779, he prepared a manual of discipline for the army. In I780, he was placed in command of the troops in Virginia. The next summer he was attached to General Lafayette's division, and took an important part in the seige of Yorktown. He was distinguished for his generosity and kindness of heart. In 1790, Congress voted him a life annully of $500. Several states passed resolutions acknowledging his eminent services, and voted him tracts of laud. His life has been written by Francis Bowen in "Spark's American Biography" and by Frederick Kapp, (New York, 1860.) HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 463 of the same year, Majors Hamtramck and Mills,* who were commanding two companies there received orders to. remove their troops to Fort Harmar, hence Fort Steuben became comparatively deserted, and we can learn little or nothing more of it until about the year 1790, when it took fire, by some means, and was reduced to ashes. Its name, however, was too good to be lost sight of, or allowed to fall into disuse, and upon our present town being laid out, it succeeded to the title of Steuben, rendered more adaptable by the addition of "ville" hence we arrive at STEUBENVILLE. Though we have ample evidence of white settlers locating freely through this section even anterior to 1797, yet the present immediate site of Steubenville did not assume the proportions of a white settlement, (let alone the nucleus to a town) ere the dawn of that year. Bazaleel Wells and James Ross then happily conceived the idea of extending their enterprise in the direction of purchasing land, to be sub-divided and placed upon the market in convenient sized lots, with a view to inducing the erection of residences.† Bazaleel Well's family were prominent citizens of Maryland. His grandfather, James Wells, was a native of Baltimore, as also his own father, Alexander, who moved into Washington county, Pennsylvania, at a very early day. Having a permit from Lord Dunmore, to locate 1,500 acres of lane, in which was then Augusta, county Va., (but now in Pennsylvania) Alexander settled on the waters of Cross creek, establishing one of the earliest mills, and it was here that his son, Bazaleel, first came at the age of about thirteen, having remained in his native state, Maryland, until of that age, to secure an education. Subsequently, upon his father's removal to Wellsburg, he accompanied him, but being of an enterprising turn of mind, with a solid exchequer to fall back up-he conceived the idea of speculating. * After Major Beatty's visit, we are not informed of the disposition of Captain Mercer, but naturally infer, on the the authority of subsequent writers, who introduced the name of Mills, that the latter officer had succeeded Mercer prior to the garrison being removed. † In 1799, "the Territory of the North West," (as more fully described elsewhere) was divided, and at a convention in Chillicothe, November 1. 1802, the eastern portion framed a constitution, and took its place among the States of the Union under the style or after the name of its chief river, Ohio. In that convention, Jefferson county was represented by Rudolph Bair, George Humphries, John Milligan, Nathan Updegraff and Bazaleel Wells. The first survey's of Government lands were made in 1785, under the superintendence of Thos. Hutchins. who had acted as military engineer under General Boquet. He first gave us the simple plan of surveying by towns, ranges and sections These "seven ranges," so called because they were the first ranges of public lands ever surveyed by the general government west of the Ohio river, were bounded on the north by a line drawn from the Pennsylvania State line, where it crossed the Ohio river to the U. S Military lands, forty-two miles west ; thence south to the Ohio river, at the southeast corner of Marietta township ; thence up the river to the place of beginning. These lands were first offered for sale in New York in 1787, and afterwards continued in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. A land office was established in Steubenville in 1801, and David Hoge stationed here as register. When the land sales were opened, purchasers were found many of them from the east; a few, as Ephraim Kimberly, obtaining land grants for special services in the Revolutionary war. The first land proprietors, either directly by patent from the Government, of by second purchase, were Jacob Nessley, Bazaleel Wells. John Tilton, James Ross, William I787, Thomas Edgington, James Carr, James Shane, Nathan Updegraff Joseph Gills, Josiah Price, Philip Cable and others we cannot. mention. The first land titles were dated 1787-9, and the first transfers to those who occupied the land chiefly begin about 1794. Bazaleel Wells put in an appearance at the Land Company's sales in New York, during 1797, when he, in company with the Hon. James Ross, then an eastern attorney of considerable means, invested freely; securing sections 29, 30, 35 and 36 in fractional township two, now known as Steubenville township, and covering the present site of the city. This tract was laid out in 236 lots. 60x180 feet, with intervening streets and alleys as they have remained since. FIRST PUBLIC SALE OF TOWN LOTS Was made in February, 1798, and the first deeds are dated from that month. TOTAL NUMBER OF LOTS IN THE CITY, INCLUDING ALL ADDITIONS DOWN TO 1879. LIST OF CITY LOTS-Continued.

DATE.	Name	No.	LOCATION.
1802. April 29, April 29, 1805. July 25. 1808. September 21, 1809. November 21, 1811. September 10, 1814. January 31, 1814. July 23,	Bazaleel Wells  Bazaleel Wells  John Ward  George Atkinson  James Johnston  Thomas Dadey  Robert Carroll and Thos. Kell.. James Gray	236 20 6 6 6 6 20 18	In lots. Out lots of 5 acres each. S. part of lot No. 3. In original out lot 2. In original out lot 10. In original Out lot No. 7. In original out lot No. 4. In orig. out lots 5 and 10.
1814. July 25. 1814. May 2, 1814. May 11, 1815. January 15, 1815. February 16, 1815. March 1, 1815. February 13, 1831. March 23, March 23, 1815. October 25, 1815. August 17, 1833. May 11, 1835. November 15, 1816. April 1, 1836. January 23, 1836. February 23, 1866. June 20, 1867. August 4, 1836. May 7, May 7, 1836. May 19, 1836. June 16, 1836. October 5, October 5, 1844	James Gray John Wilson and Bazaleel Wells Brice Viers Bazaleel Wells John C. Wright John Ward James Ross James Ross James Ross Brice Viers Nicholas Murray Samuel Stokely Samuel Stokely Wm. R. Dickinson David Cable and Jas. McKinney Preston Roberts and Henry Orr John Fisher John Fisher Jas. Turnbull and Wm. Kilgore Jas. Turnbull and Wm. Kilgore Alexander McMurray  Henry Orr Henry Holdship Henry Holdship	26 18 19 27 13 ... 48 40 5 23 22 15 15 48 21 16 13 34 20 12 14 14 32 16	In original out lot No. 6. In original out lot No. 2. 1st addition. In original out lot No. 1. In original out lot No. 10. In original out lot No. 3. N. of North street. In lots. Out lots. 2d ad. in orig, out lot 19. In original out lot No. 5. S. of South street. 2d ad. S. of South street. In orig. out lots 18 and 14. ______ N. of North street. Part of out lot No 9. Outside city limits. In original out lot No. 7. In original out lot No. 11. Addition. Addition. 1st addition. 2d addition.
August 29, 1844. October 18, 1848. February 3, 1848. March 21, 1848 April 28. 1848. June 20. 1848. August 26 1794 December 6 1851. May 2 1853. March 8 1864. April 7, 1863. December 6, 1867. April 10, 1868,  April 16, 1868 July 13,  1869. February 1, 1869. June 17, 1869. October 28, 1870. March 28. 1863. October 1. 1870. April 23. April 25, 1869. November 11, 1870 May 15, 1870. April 19,	James Wilson Nath. Dicke and James Wilson Henry J. Hukills  Peter Anderson and T. Donaldson Jas. Turnbull and Wm. Kilgore  Dr. John Andrews Wm. McLaughlin  Matthew Nicholson  Wm. McLaughlin John Armstrong and J. W. Gray  David Buchanan  Robert Sherrard, Jr  Wm. R. E. Elliott.   M. Andrews, tr. of Dr. J. Andrews J. Manley and H. G. Garrrett   Rosswell Marks  John G. Flood  C. Hineman and G. M. Cummins E. Tubble and J. H. Bukoffsky Peter Thomas Thomas L. Dewitt  B. W. Doyle  J. M. Rickey and M. J. Urquhart Episcopal Church  William R Lloyd	7 22 7 16 12 16 9 6 8 15 5 24 7 27 13 11 16 24 14 4 7 4 30 8 7	Addition. Addition. Addition. Addition. 2d addition in out lot 15 Addition. Addition. Addition. Addition. Addition. Addition. Addition. 1st addition. Addition. _____ _____ Outside city limits. Addition Outside city limits. Outside city. Addition. Outside city limits In original out lot. ______ Addition.
464 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES.
1870. October 15 October 15 1870. May 28 1871. January 25 1871. April 11. 1871. April 10 1871. April 18. 1871. September 26 1872. January 4 1872. January 1872. March 1. 1872. March H. 1872. April 22 1872 July 18  1872. November 1 1873. June 23.  1873. August 13 1873. September 5. 1873. September 1873. September 4. 1874. March 16. 1875. May 31 1874. June 1  1877. January 31	H. G. Wells and F. A. Wells W. R. E. Elliott W. R. E. Elliott. Justin G. Morris J. Manley and H. G. Garrett W. H. Wallace L. Anderson and W. C. Anderson. W. H. Mooney and J. B. Salmon J. P. Draper John Orr and C. Hineman Wm. H. Mooney Wm. E. Fisher John W. Gray John Fisher Justin G. Morris Wm. H. Mooney F. A. Wells and J. C. Wells.  Steubenville Board of Education. J. Manley and H. G. Garrett J. B. Salmon and W. H. Mooney Wm. H. Mooney James Nicholson E. S. Wood and W. R. Lloyd Chris. Hineman's assignees	39 2 20 136 20 7 28 54  10 109  4 7  128 20  59  36  49  4   105  20  12  6 50 10	Addition. Out lots. 2d Addition. Addition. 2d addition. Addition. Addition. 1st addition. Subdivision No. 10. Addition. Addition Addition Addition Subdivision. Addition. Addition. Addition. Addition. Addition. Addition. 3d Addition Addition Addition. Subdivision.

STEUBENVILLE'S ORIGINAL BOUNDARIES--OLD ROADS-RIVER TRADE-SITE SECURED FOR A COURT HOUSE-FIRST COURT-EARLY AprilINGS -FIRST BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, CHURCHES, &C. The "in-prospective" town, as at first laid out, was bounded by the river and what are now known as North and South streets and Bank alley. The streets parallel to the river were Water street, bounded on the river, sixty feet wide ; High street, on the top of the second bench, eighty feet wide, and Third and Fourth streets, each sixty feet wide. The alleys were twenty feet wide, and parallel to the streets-one between High and Third streets; one between Third and Fourth, and one west of Fourth street, bounding on the out lots. The twenty out-lots were also bounded by North street (on the north) at right angles with High street, and south by South street, parallel to north, and divided into blocks 600 feet long, on Washington, Market and Adam streets. Market was 66 feet wide, the others 60 feet. The roads from up and down the river for many years, came in on Water street, and ascended to the second bench, or High street, by a dug out road in the side of the bank between Market and Washington streets. The only road into the country back, went out of town by the same route, and ascended the valley of Wells' run. The site of Steubenville is a very pleasant location on the right bank of the Ohio, seventy-one miles below Pittsburgh, twenty-three miles above Wheeling, and one hundred and fifty from the state capital, Columbus, while being 40̊ 25' north latitude and 3̊ 40' west longitude from Washington City. The whole plat of the city is naturally dry, and drains to the river. The soil of Water and High streets is a rich alluvian, but on Third, Fourth and Fifth streets it is sand, mixed with gravel, undoubtedly once the bed of the river. There is also a strip at the foot of the hill, of considerable width, which affords clay of an excellent quality. The surrounding hills yield an unlimited supply of bituminous coal, (referred to extensively in another chapter) as also ample limestone and fire clay, while the geological formation of the site upon which the city stands is of a character affording elevations unsurpassed for building purposes, with numerous exceedingly desirable springs in the immediate vicinity. As regards he river, in and about 1800, its facilities for navigation were, of course, of the most primitive character. Every specie of water craft were employed some of which, we are assured, were of the most whimsical and amusing structure. The barge, thekeel boat, the Kentucky flat, or family boat, the pirogue, ferry boats, gondoas, skiffs, dug-outs and many other crafts, formerly floated in great numbers down the current of the Ohio and Mississippi, o a distance frequently of two to three thousand miles. The number of small boats, however, rapidly diminishe on the introduction of steam to navigation, and the singular race of men who navigated them are happily driven from the bosom of " Father Neptune " at least in this quarter of the globe.* But further interesting reminiscences in this direction will be found in another chapter treating specially on " The Ohio River." We will therefore now land from the river, by means of the ferry boat, at the foot of Market street, in those days in charge of one of Steubenville's earliest pioneers, John Hanlan, (whose family's descendants subsequently became numerous in this section) and propose to continue our chain of history on shore. Once the sale of lots in the original plat of Steubenville was fully under way, the demand for them increased at a lively pace, and by a deed still on record, we learn that as early as the 15th of August, 1798, the Justices of the Court of Common Pleas purchased from Bazaleel Wells and wife a suitable site for a court house (where the present building stands) for the nominal sum of $5. This, however virtually amounted to a gift the reason for some nominal charge being obvious, This indenture is dated "The fifteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety-eight.," and bears witness that "Bazaleel Wells, and Sarah, his wife, of Brooke county and the Commonwealth of Virginia, this day deeded to David Vance, Absalom Martin, Philip Cable, John Moody, George Humphries, Thomas Fawcette and Wm. Wells, Esqrs., justices of the Court of Common Pleas for the County of Jefferson, in the territory of the United States, northwest of the Ohio river, for the consideration of five dollars ($5) the following piece of ground to be devoted to the site of a court house, jail and such other public buildings for the use of the county aforesaid, as the said justices of the Court of Common Pleas, and their successors, shall from time to time think proper to order to wit , beginning for the said lot or parcel of ground at the intersection of Market and Third streets, at the northwest corner, as aforesaid, and running thence northwardly with and binding on Third street, aforesaid, one hundred and thirty feet thence westwardly by a line parallel with Market street aforesaid, one hundred and eighty feet to an alley, and then southwardly with and binding on said alley one hundred and twenty feet to Market street, thence eastwardly with and binding on Market street to the place of beginning." Not bad evidence that a bright future was anticipated for the comparatively infant settlement. Nor was this all, for that year the erection of a substantial log court house was effected, which building subsequently rendered good service for some ten years. The first court, however, organized under the proclamation of Winthrop Sargent, acting Governor of the Territory northwest of the Ohio, was held at Steubenville, in a private house, Nov. 1, 1797, when the judges were John Moody, George Humphries, and Philip Cable, with Bazaleel Wells, prothonotary or clerk, John Ralfe and Solomon Silby were admitted to the bar, and James Wallace appointed prosecuting attorney. Soon afterwards Edging-ton, Kimberly, Paul and Sample were also admitted to the bar, while in 1802 Obadiah Jennings came into court. The Hon. Calvin Pearce was presiding judge after the organization of the State in 1802. We learn that the first brick chimney in the * The following lively and graphic picture of the life of a boatman, is taken from Flint's Recollections : "There is no wonder that the way of life which the boatmen lead, (in turn extremely indolent and extremely laborious); for days together requiring little or no effort and attended with no danger, and then on a sudden, laborious and hazardous beyond Atlantic navigation : generally plentiful as it respects foods, and always so as it regards whisky, should always have seductions that prove irresistible to young people that live near the banks of the river. The boats float by their dwellings on beautiful spring mornings, when the verdant forest, the mild and delicious temperature of the air, the delightful azure of the sky of this beautiful country, the fine bottom on one hand, and the romantic bluff on the other, the broad and smooth stream rolling calmly down the forest, and floating the boat gently forward—all these circumstances harmonize in the excited youthful imagination. The boatmen are dancing to the violin on the deck of their boat. They scatter their wit among the girls along the shore, who come down to the water's edge to see the pageant pass. The boat glides on till it disappears behind a point of woods. At this moment, perhaps, the bugle, with which all the boats are provided, strikes up its note in the distance over the water. These scenes, and these notes echoing from the bluffs of the beautiful Ohio, have charm for the imagination, which, although I have heard a thousand times repeated, at all hours, and in all positiona, is even to me always new and always delightful. No wonder that the young, who are raised in these romantic regions, with the restless curiosity which is fostered by solitude and silence, who witness scenes like this so frequently—no wonde that the severe and unremitting labors of agriculture, performed directly in view of such scenes, should become tasteless and irksome." † When this building was pulled down, for the erection of a brick structure, in 1805 it was found to contain lumber sufficient to build three such edifices. HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 465 place was built by John Ward, in March, 1798, and the same year the erection of the Wells' homestead, south of the settlement, was commenced, but not occupied by the family until 1800. The building is still standing, and at present the well-known residence of Col. W. R. Lloyd. It may be interesting bete to state that the first white child born within the corporation limits was one James Hunter, son of Samuel Hunter, who first inhaled the pure air of freedom in the "Buckeye State," September 18. 1798. After him came John Ward, born in October, 1798. The first white female child, as far as we can learn, was Sarah Ward, born in 1800, and Elizabeth Ward in 1801, after whom came Hannah Hunter, Ann Margaret Ward, Avery Brown, &c. The first marriages on record are :—October 19, 1797, Jos. Baker to Mary Findley, married by Recorder Zenas Kimberly ; and January 25, 1798, Vim. Bush to Nancy Williamson, married by D. L. Wood, Justice of the Peace; but a more extended list will be found in another chapter. We have no means of ascertaining the first death, but that the noble pioneers passed away in olden times much as they do now will be conceded as beyond question, when the modern resident glances over the names of our earliest settlers and finds so few survivors of the last century to afford us information of the past. In the way of spiritual consolation, from the very earliest day of white men penetrating this section, we find that " ambassadors of Christ" were not slow to find them out. On reference to an article on Methodism, elsewhere, from the able pen of the Rev. D. C. Os- borne, who has spared no pains to secure reliable dates, we find that as early as the summer of 1794, Samuel Hitt and John Reynolds, of that denomination, preached a few sermons here amidst much opposition. In 1795-6, Charles Conaway, presiding elder, Samuel Hitt and Thomas Haymond, also came here —the latter being poor, receiving £24, Pennsylvania currency, per annum for his services, while Andrew Nichols, John Seward, Shadrach Johnson and Jonathan Batemen were zealous workers. Nor were they all, as we learn from the testimony of Mr. David Mooney, given in "Doddridge's Notes," that the same year (1796) the Episcopal church was here represented. His statement reads as follows : — " The Rev. Dr. Doddridge was the first christian minister who preached in our little village." This, however, was decidedly a delusion, as already demonstrated. He then goes on to say—" As early as 1796 he held monthly services here, his congregation meeting in a frame building which stood on the south side of Market and Water streets. In 1798 the first court house for the county was built, in which an upper room was reserved for religious services, free to all denominations. In this room Episcopalians met for worship. With some intervals, this early missionary of the church continued in office in Steubenville, until Dr. Moore took charge of the parish in 1820." From subsequent investigation, the latter statement we are free to endorse, which brings us to a period when other denominations also came in—a more extended notice of each will be found elsewhere. As to the earliest store keeper, within the present corporation limits, opinions vary, but we are largely disposed, from rigid enquiry, to favor Hans Wilson, after whom, (in somewhat rapid succession), came many others, until the dawn of 1800, when in truth a little village was fully inaugurated. Building then set in lively, and in a commendable spirit of friendly rivalry, those with any means whatever, displayed a strong preference to a style of architecture involving the free use of bricks to supersede the old logs and clapboard exteriors so popular in those days. It was in 1800 that the present older portion of the United States Hotel was built by Mr. Ward, and the Vier's residence at the head of Market street (then out of town). After the United States land office had been established here, the place began to grow quite rapidly. The first manufacturing enterprise appears to have been a tannery, started by Mr. Doyle, in 1798 or 9, followed by a grist and saw mill, erected by Bazaleel Wells, in 1802, on Wells' Run, south of the town, and about the same time, Brice Viers started a second tannery on the site of the present coke ovens of the Steubenville Coal and Mining Company. On the 14th of February, 1805, the town was first incorporated under the following ORIGINAL CHARTER : " An act to incorporate the town of Steubenville, in the county of Jefferson. SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, that so much of the township of Steubenville, in the county of Jefferson, as is comprised in the plat of the town 59—B. & J. Cos. of Steubenville, remaining on record in the office for the recording of deeds, in said county, shall be, and the same is hereby erected into a town corporate, which shall henceforth be known and distinguished by the name of " the town of Steubenville." SECTION 2. Be it further enacted, that for the better ordering and governing of the said town of Steubenville, and tor the better regulating the police thereof; there shall henceforth be, in the said town, a president, recorder, seven trustees, an assessor, a collector, treasurer, and town marshal, who shall be elected and qualified as hereinafter directed; which president, recorder and trustees, shall be one body corporate and politic, with perpetual succession, to be known and distinguished by the name of " the president, recorder and trustees of the town of Steubenville."* MICHAEL BALDWIN, DANIEL SYMMES. 14th February, A. D. 1805. In conformity with the foregoing, the following officers were then appointed : David Hull, president; John Ward, recorder ; David Hoge, Zaccheus A. Beatty, Benjamin Hough, Thos. Vincents, John Englands, Martin Andrews and Abraham Cazier, trustees; Charles Maxwell, collector, and Anthony Beck, town marshal. By this step " assurance was made doubly assured " that Steubenville was designed to become an extensive business center, and the advantages its site afforded for manufacture were more generally canvassed, while trade and commerce, " hand in hand," prospered. Conscious that no community could succeed without the means of heralding abroad its fame, so far back as 1806 the old Western Herald, now the Steubenville Herald, was stated by one James Miller, who, assisted by his brother-in-law, William Lowry, ran it down to 1816. In 1809-10 the old court house was superseded by a much finer and more convenient brick structure, designed by Mr. John Ward and built by Murray, which remained standing down to 1870,† when it was taken down to accommodate the present fine building, of which we shall yet have much more to say. In January, 1810, a company, from citizens, was incorporated to supply the town with water. Pump logs were laid from a large spring to High street, hut they soon gave way, and were ultimately abandoned. In 1820, and afterwards, all the water was hauled from the river in barrels, or carts constructed for the purpose, each carrying a sixty-gallon barrel. The price was six and a fourth cents a barrel. In cases of serious fires lines of citizens had to be formed to the river, and water passed by hand in buckets. Some serious fires, however, doing much damage, about 1835-6 a substantial waterworks was put in partial operation, at a cost of about thirty-five thousand dollars. The first bank in Steubenville, with Bazaleel Wells president, and W. R. Dickinson cashier, was opened in 1809, followed by the " Farmers and Mechanics' Bank " in 1816. So early as 1811 the manufacture of nails was instituted here by one Robert Thompson, though, we need hardly add that the pioneer factory was run without the aid of machinery. It was not until after the war of 1812 that we find further advancement made in the matter of manufacture, a full account of which will be found elsewhere. During the said war, Steubenville was not slow to render substantial aid by contributing an excellent full company of soldiers, officered as follows : Nicholas Murray, captain ; Nathaniel Wintringer, lieutenant ; James Fowler, ensign ; Joseph Batchelor, surgeon ; but happily their services were not called into requisition, and after marching a little beyond Mansfield, they were ordered home and disbanded. Anxious to preserve an accurate sketch of the extent to which the city had grown up to this period as obtained from the lips of those then and still residing here, we taxed the memories and canvassed the opinions of quite a number, but only to secure a series of disconnected items, until happily meeting with Mr. E. H. Mc Feeley, more popular by the title of " Squire McFeeley," whose memory proved extraordinarily good, and to him are we indebted for the following recollections, the majority of which we have found freely attested to by others. *This charter, however, was ultimately subject to considerable revision, as given in Chase's Statutes, chapter 1,831, we find an act to amend an act entitled an act to incorporate the town of Steubenville, in the county of Jefferson, as passed February 14th, 1805--see Post Ohio Local Laws, chapters 1,857, 1,889, I,912 and 2,010. Chapter 1,857 is an amendment passed Feb. 9th, 18I3, chapter 1,889 is a supplementary act passed Jan. 9, 1817, chapter I,912 is an act to further amend the original act, and passed Dec. 29th, 182I, while chapter 2,0I0 is an entire new act to incorporate anew the town of Steubenville, in the county of Jefferson, passed Feb. 23, 1830, which will be found quoted in our "General History of the City" at about the date named. †A fac simile of this building still stands at St. Clairsville, Belmont county. Subsequent to the one being built here it was so strongly approved of that the same architect and builder was called upon to erect one at St. Clairsville, and a second at Cadiz, Harrison county. The latter, however, has jnst been sacrificed for a finer building. 466 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. STEUBENVILLE IN 1814. He says : " Arriving in Steubenville, from Pittsburgh, by keelboat, with my father and family, on Saturday, October 22, 1814, after a pleasant voyage of seven days, we were met by `,uncle ' Abe Moore, (colored) with his cart, who removed our household goods to the west end of Market street. The town, in that day, contained some eight or nine hundred inhabitants. On Water street, John Moody, father of David Moody, Esq., had located from Burgettstown, Pa., in 1797, and settled in a log house below Washington street. He built the Yarnel House, on Third street, and moved into it in the fall of 1798. John Ward located on the corner of Market and High streets, in March, 1798, and he it was who that year built the first brick chimney in this place. He also built the old part of the United States' House in 1800. On Water street, the old Armstrong House was north of Market street, while south of Market street was the Dundas House. On the corner of High and Market, Tom Hamilton kept the sign of the " White Horse," and on the corner of Market and North Third streets stood a two-story log house, Tarleton Store, James Wilson's store, and a two-story frame, where McGowan & Bros. have now a wholesale grocery. Next was Isaac Henderson's tavern, the Red Lion.' On the west side of Third, corner of Court House Square, Hans Wilson had a store, then came Hale's store, another one run by James Means, James Dick's tavern, sign of the `Ship,' and then Thomas Kells' tavern, the sign of the Green Tree.' South of Market, corner of Third, was Samuel Hunter's store, and John England ran a new store on the south corner of Market square. On Market street was Hartford's tavern under old Washington Hall, and further up Market street John Galbraith ran a store. On the east side of North Fourth street Charles Porter's tavern stood, and opposite was John Moreland's tavern. Joseph Beatty's store stood on the northwest corner of Fourth and Market streets. On the corner was Henderson's store, then Thomas Norton's tavern, sign of the " Black Bear." Up Market street was John Ward's store, corner of Bank alley, above Fourth. James Ayres kept store on the south side, and Col. Todd had a tavern, sign of the " Cross-Keys," on the north side. Above Sixth was Davis' tavern, sign of the "Indian Queen." On a line north and south of Elliott's tannery property, and west thereof, there were no houses in the corporate limits except the factory building and Viers's house. The taverns were licensed, and the stores contained dry goods, groceries, apple and peach brandies, whisky and rum. There were but four wells in the town—at McKinney's saw mill, Jake Ricart's (near Kenyon's shop), the " Tommy Gray" well (now under Louden's saloon), and the "Titus" well (corner of Market and Eighth streets). Prior to 1812, the town was supplied with water through hollow logs, that conveyed it to different parts of the town from springs west of Seventh street, between Market and Washington streets, the logs being laid southeasternly around Elliott's tannery to Market street. Under the pavement in front of the tannery, and at other points, were also stone cisterns; and by these primitive methods was the town supplied until 1820, when they gave out, and hauling water from the river in large barrels was the chief method down to the establishment of the water works in 1836. At that day there were no street crossings on Market street west of Fourth, but as additions were made to the town, first Fifth street was opened, followed by Sixth, Seventh, Eighth and Ninth—the latter being the last street west in the corporation limits. The only houses still found on Market street, built before 1814, are the U. S. (old part) House, Bazaleel Davis's, (opposite corner to the Hanch house) Munker's corner, McAlpin's, (corner of Fourth) ; the " Watson House," (corner of Market and Bank alley) ; the East part of Dr. Johnson's, (corner of Market and Fifth) ; Jimmy Cooper's cigar store, same street ; John B. Mandel's meat store—a two-story frame on the east side of Garrett's Hall—Sutherland row, built in 1814, and Long's drug store." A limited showing with the present, sure enough, yet as regards taverns, probably equal, if not in excess of the percentage of to-day. With the exception of two flour mills already running, and the woolen factory and paper mill getting into full operation this year (1814), but little of material commercial interest transpired. Neither does our list of chronological events speak much more flattering of the succeeding year. But with the year 1816 dawned much more substantial satisfaction. A suitable market (for those days) was erected, Phillips and Carroll's foundry was established and the Farmer's and Mechanics' Bank came into existence—building was in an active state of progress, and already an eye was being cast at the progress of navigation on the Ohio, which lead to the establishment of a boatyard the next year when the instigators of the pioneer foundry and machine shop concentrated their best talents and energies in the production of marine engines. This latter new development inspired additional confidence in Steubenville's prosperity and gave rise to increasing enterprise on every hand. Up to this time the country had exceedingly poor roads and conveyances were of but little use, This year, however, we are told that.public roads were opened more freely. Hon. John C. Wright, district attorney for the state, made his tours to Columbus, Cleveland, etc., on horseback, not only enduring hardships, but dangers. John McMillan was the first to carry the mail from Steubenville to Pittsburgh in a wagon. George A, Dohrman, who came to the state in 1809, increased the facilities of travel by starting a coach to Wheeling, and afterwards to Wellsville and New Lisbon. Mathew Roberts extended stage lines to Pittsburgh, Cadiz, Canton and New Philadelphia. These were the great thoroughfares of the country, and Steubenville, Jefferson county, was a place of great attraction for whole countries west; people would stand around where they changed horses or the mail, as the next best thing to a ride in the stage, with four prancing blacks or greys. Elsewhere. we refer to the old stage coaching days more fully, hence we will proceed to notice that while fortune favored our good people, their patriotism grew apace with their success. In 1818, a movement was inaugurated to form a local militia company, which twelve months later was accomplished most satisfactorily, and assuming the style of " Steubenville Guards," they were officered as follows: Nicholas Hutchins, captain ; W. Spencer, first lieutenant ; Samuel J, De Haff, second lieutenant. Some two years subsequently, however, Captain Hutchins was elected to the colonelcy, whereupon First Lieutenant Spencer was promoted to captain. The company attained quite a flattering degree of efficiency, and made an excellent showing when mustered out to parade or on public festive occasions. But as all things must have an ending, so with the "Steubenville Guards." In the absence of the remotest prospect that their services would be required, the last time, (prior to disbanding) that they appeared together in public, was in the capacity of a body escort to General Harrison, during his visit to Steubenville on one of his canvassing tours for election to the Presidency in 1840. In 1819, St. Paul's. Episcopal church, was organized, the Rev. Intrepid Morse being appointed rector, and Steubenville was also created a station in the M. E. church with Cornelius Springer as the first preacher. During 1820 the old Washington Hall was erected on Market street, where Mosgrove's United States hotel now stands. The city water works gave out, and for some years, subsequently, water had to be carried round the city in barrels. February 15, was noted for. A SEVERE STORE, though such weather freaks were by no means infrequent in "ye olden times." Speaking with Squire McFeely on the subject of this storm, he kindly gave us the following points from his diary. :—" The weather on the 15th day of February, 1820, was remarkable, being sultry, with clouds rolling up in the southwest. In the afternoon, a rift in a heavy cloud lifted the. dark mass, and a volume of wind camc howling down on the brickyard shed between Sixth and Seventh streets, and scattered the boards like dry leaves. The cyclone (for it was nothing less) then took a northern direction, toward Market street, and crossed where the railroad crossing is now located. On the north side of Market street stood a blacksmith shop, which the storm demolished, and continued rushing down Market street, changing its course on the corner of Fourth street. On that street it struck Porter's tavern, now McGregor's drug store, knocked off the roof and demoralized the gable. Continuing up Fourth to the Conley house, now Kilgore's, at the corner of Fourth and. Washington streets, it stove in the gable and hurled the roof into a vacant lot further up Fourth. It wrecked Luke Malber's new frame house, proceeded to the " Smiley House," and attacked Abraham's board yards, took the roof and gable off the house, and then made a bee line course across the fields to the paper mill. The first story of the mill was brick, and the second story frame lattice work. The storm tore off the second story and hurled it over into the river, when the wind again changed at right angles. The steamboat "B. Wells" was below the mill, when the wind lifted her chimney out and hurled it into the river. The storm then crossed the river. On the river bank were three fishermen, Jack Mitchell, John Trump and — HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 467 Beaty, who left the bank and ran for the rock, but a tree fell on Trump and killed him in his track. This year it was, also, that a special celebration was carried out on the 4th of July, and as a keel boat load of Wellsburg soldiers were passing the wharf on their way to Holiday's Cove; where a grand military review was to take place, they fired a salute from a swivel gun, in front of which, the youthful son of Major Coughton happened to pass, and he was blown to atoms. The sad event, as a matter of course, cast a shocking gloom over the entire community. In 1821 a publication was started here under the title of "The Genius of Universal Emancipation," and the popular taste for the drama growing apace with the increasing interest manifest in literary enterprises, the famous THESPIAN. CLUB was inaugurated, for winter evening entertainments and amusements, the company consisting of the following :— Ephraim Root, August Culp, J. D. Slack, Arundel Hill, Dr. Ackerly, Thomas Cole, James Henry, John Bray, Robert Jollie, E. H. McFeeley, Jas Wilson, Wm. Campbell, P. S. Campbell, Thos. Armitage, Sam'l McFerren, Francis A. Priest, Fletcher Wampler, Eliphalet Steele, Daniel Viers and Wm. Hazlet. A. Culp was stage manager ; J. D. Slack, prompter ; A. Hill, treasurer and Thomas Cole, scene painter, The following plays were enacted: " Jane Shore," " Pizarro," "Norvel," " Iron Chest," " Foundling of the Forest," " The Miller and His Men," " She Stoops to Conquer," " Speed the Plow," " Fortune's Frolic," &c. Of the twenty performers but two survive at this day, J. D. Slack and E. H. McFeeley. At each performance the house was filled, particularly at the play given for the benefit of the suffering Greeks, during their war with the Turks, but subsequent developments disclosed that the proceeds were rather applied for the benefit of the " Young Turks" forming said company . GENERAL OCCURRENCES. In 1821, an African church was established here and the colored brethren lost no time in erecting a sacred edifice. In 1824-5, as will be seen on reference to our article on manufactures, two cotton mills, by D. Larimer and Wm. Gwyer, were put into operation, and in 1826, the 4th of July was observed with excessive festivities,* while the Steubenville Ledger was this year first published, but subsequently changed in title to the American Union, under which name it appeared for many years. Up to this time, though a strict eye had been kept to the advancement of educational facilities, there was yet an apparent want of some more efficient institution for the education of females. The Rev. C. C. Beatty, D. D., LL. D., observing this, founded the present important female seminary on the 13th of April, 1829, which institution has matured to an importance at once a compliment to the state. From 1830, manufacturing grew with rapid strides in this community, all subsequent reference to which will be given. elsewhere under the head of " Steubenville's Manufacturers." This year it was found that the city had so far exceeded its original limits in point of growth, that a new charter was applied for and obtained, of which the following is a copy : " An act to incorporate the town of Steubenville : "SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the state of Ohio, that fso much of the township of Steubenville, in the county of Jefferson, as is comprised in the original town plat of the town of Steubenville, on record in said county, and in any addition thereto, platted and recorded, and so much as lies east of said town, to low water mark in the Ohio river, and the lot of ground on which the Methodist Episcopal church is now erected, is hereby erected into a town corporate, to be hereafter known by the name of e The Town of Steubenville,' and any addition to said town that shall hereafter be laid out and recorded, by whatever name called, shall, from the time of the record, be added to, and become part of, said town corporate, and be subject to the laws thereof. Section 2. That for the convenient government of the inhabitants of said town there, shall be a town *The 4th of July, I826. was observed in Steubenville with extraordinary festivities, it being the 50th year of America's independence.' Every building was decorated and a large procession was formed, representing every kind Of trade and calling, which presented a most imposing sight.. Nick. Hutenings was chief marshal, with Col. A. Doyle and P. C. Campbell for aids. Marshal music, consisting of Francis Priest and James Russell with drums and John Buchanan, fifer, took part, as also did the Steubenville Grays, under command of Captain W. spencer. The early settlers were headed by Bazaleel Wells .and four, six and eight-horse wagons conveying accurately improvised representations of the various crafts in trade, while Mr. Dickinson's famous imported rain, " Bolivar,” was honored with a position in the grand parade. Banners, music, speeches and the customary shooting and fireworks incident to an old-fashioned Independence Day reigned on every hand—the then universal opinion being that the like had never been seen in Steubenville. I-59—B. & J. Cos. council, to be composed of a mayor, recorder and eight councilmen; who shall be chosen and sworn in as hereinafter provided, and be a body corporate and politic, with perpetual succession, to be known by the name of 'Town Council. 'Section 3. That said town shall be divided into four wards : and that part lying south and east of a line run through the centre of Market street and the road leading from the west end thereof, and a line running through the. centre of the alley between Third and Fourth streets, shall be called the First ward ; that part lying west and south of said lines, shall be called the Second ward ; that part lying north and west of said lines, shall be called the Third ward ; and that part lying north and east of said lines, shall be called the Fourth ward : Provided, that the town council shall have the power, not oftener than once in three years hereafter, to alter the boundaries of said wards, when it shall be necessary for the more equal division of said town." INCIDENTS FROM 1830 TO 1850. This year (1830) was it, also, that the fine Jefferson National Bank building was erected, as also the " Imperial Hotel" block. In 1832 St. Peter's Catholic congregation was organized under the administration of the Rev. Father McCreedy, and a church building was erected on the corner of Fourth and Logan streets, the land being donated by James Ross, Esq., of Pittsburg. This year (February 11), it was, also, that a most severe frost was experienced, and during 1832-3 the first regular Episcopalian Church was erected on the corner of Fourth and Adams streets ; a fine substantial building, that stood until 1879, when it was sacrificed for a much more suitable and attractive edifice. In 1833 the admirable results from tuition obtained in the Female Seminary made themselves apparent in the holding of its first graduate exercises. This was also the year that cholera was so prevalent, and Steubenville got its share.* The succeeding year (1834), May 15, 16 and 17, we experienced probably one of the most severe frosts on record, by which all ' vegetation from California to Maine was destroyed or seriously damaged. It was this year, also, that a new stone jail and county offices were erected, which were substantial and thoroughly cemented, with a fire-proof roof, the work being chiefly executed by David Cable, who still lives, and is one of Steubenville's oldest living inhabitants. But it subsequently turned out that the jail was too damp for any purpose, which defect proved beyond remedy and the premises were of little or no use down to 1870, when they were rebuilt and differently located. In 1836 regular waterworks were established, at a cost of $35,000, and the same proved themselves of inestimable value, having continued and frequently been improved from that time on to the present. The United Presbyterians, who first gathered under the ministrations of the Rev. George Buchanan, in 1809, and were at this time in u prosperous condition, in 1837-8 put up a new and larger building, which is still used. The first Board of Education was also organized in 1838; and the public school system introduced. And when we look, in this day, at the magnificent educational facilities in our midst, how could we over estimate this last grand departure from primitive customs ? In 1841 the Campbell church was erected, and in 1844 the present Hamlin chapel, The difficulties between this country and Mexico having assumed serious proportions, in 1846, on the 4th day of June, the Steubenville Grays left for actual service (a full account of which appears elsewhere) returning home on the 21st of June the following year. In 1847, the town having assumed considerably the proportions of a city, it could no longer get along without its daily paper, when the enterprising propietors of the old Herald, issued that excellent paper daily, to meet the demands of its numerous readers. Manufacturies almost weekly increased. In 1850 the cholera once more appeared, but was soon Stamped out. †The next import local step resolved upon was to get STEUBENVILLE INCORPORATED A CITY, which was duly accomplished in 1851, as will be found on perusal of the following charter :—An act to incorporate and establish the City of Steubenville, in Jefferson county : Section 1.—Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, That so much of Steubenville township, in the county of Jefferson, as is comprised and included in the following boundaries, to-wit: * Cholera at this time ravaged fearfully all along the river. front Pittsburg to New Orleans, its ravages at many points being fearful, but from its healthful character, Steubenville did not lose more than eight or ten of its citizens, though quite a number took the epidemic. † This year the cholera was rather more severe on life than during its visitation in 1835, for probably fifteen to twenty were carried off by it, but this was an extraordinary low per tentage to other places. 468 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. Beginning at the northwest corner of Viers' first addition to the town of Steubenville; thence in an easterly direction, to a point where the north line of Washington street intersects the west line of the alley, or the western boundary of the original plat of Steubenville; thence northwardly along said western line of said alley, to the northwest corner of North street ; thence eastwardly, along to the north line of said North street, to the southwest corner of Joseph C. Spencer's lot; thence with said lot northwardly, to the northwest corner thereof ; thence eastwardly to the northwest corner of Win. Collins' lot running thence north nineteen degrees east, across the lands of Jephtha L. Holton, James Frazier, Daniel. Kilgore, M. M. Laughlin, Joseph M. Mason, and R. S. Moody, into the lands of S. D. Hunter, to a point thirteen perches from said Hunter's house ; thence north seventy-one degrees west, eleven perches ; thence north nineteen degrees east, parallel to seventh street, to Wm. McLaughlin's line ; thence along said McLaughlin's line, between him and Eberlein, to a point where said McLaughlin & Eberlein's lands corner on Stony Hollow tract ; thence north, fifty-one and a half degrees east, forty perches, to an elm tree, on the west side of the river road, corner to land of Wm. Kilgore and the Stoney Hollow tract; thence with said Kilgore's line, to the river ; thence down the river to a point in Samuel Stokely's line, twenty and eight-tenth perches from the southeast corner of J. Bond's lot ; thence west by said Bond's line, to the Fourth street road ; thence with the line of said road to the southeast corner of the grave yard lots ; thence with said grave yard lots, westwardly, to the Fifth street road ; thence, so as to include the land of Thomas Horsefield, to the line of the Wells tract ; thence with said Wells' line to the land of A. H. Dohrman ; thence along said Dohrman's and Wells' line six perches; thence north nineteen degrees east to the line of B. Tappan Jr.'s out-lot ; thence with the outer boundary of said town, according to the original plat and the several additions, to the place of beginning ; shall be, and is hereby declared to be, a city ; and the inhabitants thereof are created a body politic, with perpetual succession, by the name and style of the city of Steubenville, and by that name shall be capable of contracting and being contracted with, suing and being sued, pleading and being impleaded, answering and being answered, in all courts and places, and in all matters whatsoever, and with power to purchase, receive, hold occupy and sell, and convey real and personal estate ; and may have and use a corporate seal, and change the same at pleasure; and shall have and exercise all the rights and privileges, and be subject to all the duties and obligations appertaining to a municipal corporation ; and for the better ordering and governing of said city, the government and direction thereof shall be vested in a board' of councilmen, consisting of two members from each ward, to be denominated the city council, together with a mayor, city clerk, treasurer, marshal and such other officers as are hereinafter mentioned and provided for." SECTION 2.—"That said city shall be divided into four wards, as follows : The part. lying south and east of a line running through the centre of Market street, and the road leading from the west end thereof, and a line running through the center of Fourth street, shall be called the first ward; that part lying south and west of said lines shall be called the second ware; that part lying north and west of said lines shall be called the third ward; and that part lying north and east of said line shall be called the fourth ward; provided the city council may change the foregoing boundaries, and create additional wards whenever the same may be necessary ; but in no case shall such change or addition be made without giving at least ten days previous notice in the newspapers of the city of the time and place when any proposed change or addition will be decided upon by council." TWO MORE WARDS ARE ADDED. But this was by no means the end of the growth of the new city, and she, with other similar enterprising communities, glorified over the passage of an act by the General Assembly, May 3, 1852, which so provided for the future organization of cities and incorporated villages, that it dispensed with the previous expense and formalities to secure a charter for organization, or get a privilege to extend. About 1868-9 she had again—"like a hen gathering her chickens under her wings"—to bring in considerable more territory, which she was not slow to do under the late act referred to. And then came the necessity for so readjusting the old wards as to take in the new territory, that two more wards, making in all six (as at present) had to be formed. This was accomplished in 1872. THE CITY WARDS OF TO-DAY. FIRST WARD—North, by Market street ; south, by Wells' run east, by the Ohio river, and west by the alley running between Fourth and Fifth streets. SECOND WARD—North, by Market street and Market street road to the city limits on the west ; south, by Wells' run and Fourth street road to the city limits on the west ; east, by the alley running between Fourth and Fifth streets, and west, to city limits. THIRD WARD—North, by Ross street extended to the city limits west; south, by Market street and Market street road to city limits west; east, by the alley running between Fourth and Fifth streets, and west, by the city limits. FOURTH WARD—North, by Ross street, extended east to the river ; south, by Market street ; east, by Ohio river, and east by the alley running between Fourth and Fifth streets. FIFTH WARD—North, by the Ohio river and city limits ; south, by Ross street, extended east to the river, and west to the city limits. SIXTH WARD—North, by Well's run and Fourth street road, from the Ohio river west to the city limits; south, by city limits ; east, by Ohio river, and west by the city limits. A RETROSPECT OF GENERAL EVENTS FROM 1852 TO THE PRESENT. The city being now under full headway, commercially, and having become familiar with its 'new mode of government, inaugurated the preceding year, next started a gas works, which soon proved itself a special boon, and the public Mind further became exceedingly agitated on the subject of railroads. With that characteristic zeal and enterprise that has ever marked the good people of this city, they proved themselves fully equal to the task, and in the fall of 1853 the present Pan Handle track, from here to Unionsport was opened with fitting ceremonies.* This was very naturally looked upon as the crowning feature to Steubenville's future prospects, and gave a renewed impetus alike to trade and commerce. And, by the way, we should have Mentioned the great flood-tide of April, 1852, which was only seventeen inches from that of 1832, while an extraordinary drought was experienced during the summer of 1854. In 1854-5 the present M. E. Church was built—St. Peter's Catholic church also being enlarged during the latter year, and the Union cemetery opened. The starting of the Jefferson forge and nail works and opening of the C. & P. railroad were prominent local features of 1856, as also the burning of Means's mill, December 23d, and McDevitt's woolen factory, July 8th, while on March 22d, the same year, the ice in the river broke up, after causing a suspension of navigation for seventy-four days—the longest period on record. In 1857, R. & T. Mears erected a flour mill and distillery, while it was in that year Engineer Hinckle was killed in a railroad accident at Cross creek bridge. Early in May, 1858, the paper mill was burned, being then under the proprietorship of Messrs. Hanna & Sons. The following year (1859), however, was a particularly dreary one, as, during the month of June, G. H. Orth & Bro. failed in business, and the 1st of October. the Citizens' bank refused payment. June 5th there was a severe frost. It was during the same year that the United Presbyterians rebuilt their church. February 23, 1860, the Powell school house was burned ; the river raised, on the 11th of April, within three feet of 1852, and the first high school class graduated. The following year (1861) W. Averick & Co. were successful in opening up the first deep coal shaft—mining having previously been conducted only by drifts—and the same year the first steam power press was introduced here. for running off the Steubenville Daily Herald. Eighteen hundred and sixty-two witnessed the organization of the German Lutheran church in this city. and its members immediately erected a church building. The Steubenville Weekly Gazette (democratic) was started by Charles N. Allen in 1865, the same gentleman adding a daily in the fall of 1873, The same year (1865) the Mears' block on Market street was erected, and the old Washington Hall was torn down, to be replaced by the present very fine Cochran block, in which is Mosgrove's U. S. Hotel, while it also witnessed the organization of the Jefferson Insurance Company. In 1866, the McConville block was completed, and in 1867, Johnson's block, while in the latter year (1867) the * See subsequent chapter on "Ancient and Modern Roads "—also, history of " Pan Ran. dle" railroad in the appendix. † See, also, subsequent chapter on 'Ancient and Modern Roads." HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 469 Wells's woolen factory fell a prey to the devouring element, October 11th. About this period trade was good and prospects for the future somewhat brightening. It was in 1868, however, that Orth & Wallace's factory was reduced to ashes, and Arkwright's cotton mill was rebuilt. The present Findley Chapel was erected and the St. Peter's Catholic schools were organized the same year. And this brings us down to 1869, during which the "Anchor" Oil Works were built, and a gloom was thrown over the community during the holiday season to learn of the death of Secretary E. M. Stanton, at Washington, December 24th. The Primitive Methodist Church was also organized in the latter year. From 1870 to 1879, according to our list of chronological happenings in every day life .subsequently fell not only too thick for special reviewing, but were of the most diversied character, hence we propose to notice only a few in our general remarks. In 1870 the present exceedingly fine oourt house was erected, as referred to at length in another chapter, the Second Presbyterian Church was opened and the Steubenville Furnace and Iron Company commenced operations. In 1872, a new savings bank was opened, the Hon. James Mears died July 1st. Pearces' furniture factory was burnt and an extraordinary era of incendiary fires was inagurated; Hon. Benjamin Butler paid us a visit; Mingo distillery was burnt and the epizootic seized the cattle while small pox afflicted humanity.* During 1873, the bolt works were started on Will's creek, also the Alkana works, and the Steubenville Daily Gazette came out first as a daily; Odd Fellow's hall was erected; Col. J. Collier died February 2d; the first races were held on † Jefferson Driving Park, July 12th ; the Steubenville Greys were, organized ; Edward McCook was assassinated in Dakota Territory, February 11th ; consolidation of the News and Herald; President Grant and family passed through the city, and the libel suit of. Walden v. Allison was commenced. In 1874, Sherrard, Mooney & Co.'s fine bank block was erected on the corner of Market and Fourth streets; Mear's distillery was burnt ; the crusade movement against saloons was inaugurated and the prohibition ordinance enforced; Robert A. Sherrard, J. A. Dohrman, W. Wilson, Mrs. Elson, Lewis Cooper, Robert Spear, W. McLaughlin and Mrs. J. Parks, die. January 24th there was a railroad explosion at Holliday's Cove; March 9th, saloon praying was inaugurated, and a gymnasium was established among the Germans ; there was an explosion at Rush Run mines May 2d; several buildings were burnt in the sixth ward June 11th, while John Gilbert was killed by a police officer July 14th. McDonald and other counterfeiters were arrested July 27th ; Mrs. Kimball was killed by the cars September 24th; a county horticultural society was organized November 3d, and the Holmes House was burnt November 10th, Eventful as the past three or four years may appear to have been, we have yet innumerable developments to disclose from 1875 to 1878—three years of exceptional and varied incidents Worthy of record and preservation for their local interest. Trade generally—at its zenith from 1833 to 1836 and 1861 to 1865— had naturally felt something of the universal shock attending the panic of 1873, but was now beginning to pick up, and afterwards remained steady, and -yet progressive: During 1875 —Louden Boreland died January 8th, and Mount Pleasant Seminary was burnt on the 16th 3 there was a railroad accident at Mingo February 19th, and Taggarts and Floto's residences were burnt on the 27th ; James Harkness was killed by the cars March 28th, and W. Young was killed at the water works April 14th ; Philip. Young died April 17th ; two bodies were found on Rolling mill farm May 2d ; Joseph Cochran was killed May 29th ; General -Hayes was in the city August 14th ; Roswell Marsh died August 16th, and W. H. Sherrard on the 18th; W. Allen addressed the people August 30th ; August Lipman was killed September 1st ; W. H. Chappal's residence burnt October 5th ; the Congregational church organized October 22d, and the Hon. T. L. Jewett died at. New York, November 3d ; James Robertson died November 6th; Turnbull's block took fire November 24th, and P. B. Conn was sued by James McConville & Klages for $10,000. The Rev. T. Ragan. died November 27th, and A. J. Beatty on the 28th ; Eph. Cable died December 4th ; Mrs. Olive died Decem- * The epidemic here, though costing several of their lives, was comparativily mild, as stated by the doctors, and during its prevalence Mr. W. Campbell, as mayor and ,James Doyle, as marshal, evidenced the utmost heroism in behalf of the sufferers—giving their time and attention with a patience and fortitude that will ever be held in greatful remembrance by those resident in this vicinity at that time. † This was an enterprise gotten up by a number of gentlemen in the city, who secured some thirty-five acres of land on Mean's hill, just out from the heart of the city, and after spending about $20,000 thereon, secured one of the first half wile tracks in the state. They held two or three successful meetings and gave prizes as high as $1,000 for the all-comers race. But from local apathy towards such sports, it came to grief. and the ground was sold to Mr. H. G. Garrett, banker, who had most liberally supported the project throughout.. He in turn, sold it to Mr. Joshua Manly, and the property, we believe, is now appropriated to agricultural cultivation. ber 9th, and December 31st the Centennial year was ushered in by the ringing of bells, firing of cannons and a general jubilee. The past year local improvements were allowed to rest, and no material. changes were effected in the local government. The nation's one hundredth birthday having arrived, of course that was enough to engross public attention for one twelve months, yet, as will be found, the accidents of time came around in due course, and were manifold—the principal of which we briefly note. January, 1876, opened (January 3d) with an explosion at Wallace's mill ; Senator Sharon paid the city a visit on February 23d, and Benwood nail mill burnt April 5th ; W. W. Randals fell from Pan-Handle bridge April 5th ; Mrs. T. Maxwell and James Foster died on the 26th, and A. J. Quidland on the 27th ; the corner stone of the Presbyterian church was laid May 22d; Jacob Dohrman died June 22d, and a grand centennial celebration* was had on the 4th of July. This latter occasion, of which. we append a brief account, proved one of the great events in Steubenville's history. A German newspaper was started this year, the Second M. E. Church was organized, as also St. John's German Lutheran church ; William Sutherland was killed at Wallace's factory, and the present running little steamer "76," was first put upon Wells & Barret's ferry ; Alexander Conn died August 6th, and Dr. N. W. Cunningham on the 9th, while G. Dousy was killed by a locomotive on the 15th ; A. J. Fickes died September 9th, and V. Owesney on the 30th, while Carl Schurz favored a Steubenville audience with a sample of his able oratorial powers September 18th ; the Steubenville Furnace and Iron Company started up their furnace November 14th; John McKay was shot on the 9th ; Bishop Rosecranz lectured at St. Paul's Catholic church November 220 ; a reunion of the 52d Ohio volunteer infantry, was had December 28th, and an explosion was experienced at the gas works December 30th. Remarkable to say, it will thus be seen that the opening and closing incidents of this year (January 3d to December :30th) were both explosions, while it will be found that the first and last important events of the succeeding year (1877) are alike deaths of two of Steubenville's most worthy citizens. During 1877, William Kilgore died January 1st, and H. Dohrman, January 12 J. Sheldon's, son burnt to death, January 16 ; Murphy visited Steubenville, March 9; Floto's house, on Fourth street, burnt, March 25; Nicholas Blake, died April 11, and Johm Hanna on the 23, while George Kotman was killed on the railroad, on the 28th. The Wool Grower's exchange was opened May 15 ; Joseph Spencer died May 18, and William Frazier on the 21 ; Edwards' and Averick's dwellings were burnt May 22 ; there was a very severe storm experienced July 1, and an explosion at the gas works July 26 ; George Elliott was found dead August 9 ; the Cleveland and Pittsburgh ticket office was burglarized August 21st, and Richard McCarty died September 9th. There was a general, strike of miner, September 10th, and Henry Sutcliffe was killed by the cars September 11th ; M. L. Gorsett's house was burnt October 7th ; John Grist, killed October 9th ; the new furnace blown in at Jefferson Iron Works, October 25th ; Pittsburgh, Wheeling and Kentucky track laid to Wellsburg, November 7th . Col. W. R.. Lloyd died November 9th and Ames Dunn, December 20th. Andrew Kern fell from the "Pan Handle" bridge, December 9th; F. H. Hull died on the 16th ; the Rev. T. V. Milligan preached his farewell sermon December 16th, and Col, George W. McCook, died at New York, December 28th. We now. come to a review of last year, 1878, and a severe one, indeed, it proves upon our old and most venerated citizens, while it brought around the sad Mingo railroad accident, † *Though the festivities indulged in at Steubenville on the nation's fiftieth birthday, were looked upon as having no parallel. in those days, yet on the one hundredth anniversary of Independence the celebration observed almost doubly discounted all former efforts. A' grand triumphal arch was erected, the town was literally smothered in banners, flowers, evergreens and other decorations, while a gathering of over thirty thousand persons, despite the wet weather, participated in the leviathan "hurrah!" A most imposing procession was gotten up representing all trades and businesses; the military was out, and distinguished visitors arrived from all parts. Cannons belched forth a thundering applause front rise' set to sun down, when fireworks took up the general boom. Col. W. R. Lloyd read the Declaration of Independence, and speeches were delivered by Trainer, Gaston, Hays, Daton, Coulter, and others, while the Rev: Milligan gave an interesting historical sketch of Jefferson county, and a poem was read by the Rev. -S. P. Stewart, pastor of the U. P. Church. Religious thanksgiving services were held in several of the places of public worship through the day—the entire city was ablaze with illuminations at night, and take the occasion, for its all in all, the likes will rarely re-occur. † This memorable occasion will long be remembered in Steubenville, the catastrophe being about the worst in the history of the line upon which it occurred. No. 6 express left Steubenville, as usual, very early in the morning and coining to a high dump, near the farm of a Mr. Henry Adams, a little below Mingo junction it met a freight train when they collided with a terrible crash. The immediate cause of the accident. was the fact that Conductor Sterling's watch had stopped when he ordered his train to leave Alexander Road, and he presumed that he had ample time to run on. The two engines were utterly demolished, as also one postal car, while the baggage car and an emigrant car were shockingly shattered and the remainder of the express train terribly demoralized. No fewer than fourteen persons were killed outright; three died afterwards, from their injuries, and in all. probably thirty to forty were more or less injured. Nothing could excel the promptitude, consideration and liberality of the railroad authorities, and everything within human agency was brought to the relief of the sufferers, while the ordinary traffic of the road was resumed within an almost incredible short space of time. 470 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. which will hardly ever be forgotten in this section. Added to these features may be specially referred to, the failure of Mingo Iron Works, and the opening of the Wheeling Division of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis railway—better known as the "P. W. & Ky. road"—a full report of which will be found in another chapter under the head of "Ancient and Modern Roads ; Steubenvillc's Communications with the Outside World." January 14th, 1878, memorial exercises were held to the memory of Cols. Lloyd and .McCook, and January 19th J. Martin's house was destroyed by fire. "Chandler" Lodge, K. H., was organized, January 22nd and Capt. O'Neil died February 11th. Jefferson Machine Shops were closed during this year ; Dunbar's block was erected, and February 28th the "P. W. & Ky." railroad was opened, The "Red Ribbon" movement was organized March 2d, John (birch was killed on the 16th ; R. J. Thompson's house was burnt on the 12th, and Wallace's factory was burnt on the 21st. Robert Hull died March 23d; John- Kendall was killed March 23d ; the Phoenix fire engine company organized April 11th ; Mrs. Sarah Mairs died April 14th and Frank Maxwell was shot April 15th ; Mrs. Workman and N. Kershaw died on the 16th and 17th respectively; A. S. Doyle died on the 2d of May; Charles Wallace on the 5th and Miss Turnbull on the 6th May 10, the Wills Creek Test Company was reorganized; Joseph Averick died on June 25th ; Mingo Iron Works failed July 2d, and William Andrews was drowned July 3d ; W. A. Hamlin died July 9th ; Joseph Slaugherty was killed on the 10th and Thomas Dargue on the 27th ; Lafayette Devinney died August 2d; the memorable Mingo railroad accident occurred on the 7th ; S. Wilcoxson and Mrs. Haley died on the 9th ; there was an explosion at Jones & Wallace's mill on the 13th, and on the 21st Cyrus Howard died; there was a tremendous rain storm September 12th when Barnum's famous hippodrome was flood bound in Steubenville ; D. McConville died September 27th and Ephraim Johnson on October 21st ; Mrs. McLane died November 8th and James Long November 10th ; the Mingo Furnace was sold November 20th and and another train of deaths follow; Miss Eliza Boggs died December 15th, James Cochran on the 16th and John Rickey on the 18th ; Ed. Cleary was killed by the cars December 20th; there was a terrific explosion on an oil barge December 26th; Daniel Fitzpatrick died the same day, and Mrs. Rasher on the 29th ; and this brings us down to the happenings for the present year-1879. Though the year has two-thirds run out, at the present writing, but little of importance remains for us to add. The most notable death has been that of the late Dr. Johnson, a highly influential and very old settler here, while in public matters the loan exhibition* and soldiers's monster reunion may be said to be all that is worthy of chronicling. Extended reference to the latter event will be found elsewhere in this work, associated with our records of soldiers from this county and other military matters STEUBENVILLE'S PRESENT CITY GOVERNMENT. ITS FINANCIAL STANDING—SANITARY CONDITION—STREETS AND AVENUES —FIRE DEPARTMENT—WATER WORKS —OFFICIALS FOR 1879. There are few cities in the United States, under the above caption, capable of submitting a more flattering exhibit than Steubenville—a fact mainly attributable to the excellency of the men entrusted, from year to year., to manage its municipal affairs. As regards * This exhibition was one of the grandest. successes ever accomplished in the state, and took place on the 15th of May. The project had its inception at a meeting of soldiers while devising means to defray the expenses of a tri-state soldiers reunion, to be held on the 28th of the succeeding August, and the success attending loan exhibitions elsewhere, inspired the selection of that class of entertainment. Dr. E. Pearce was made president ; Mrs. J. W. Holliday, rice president ; W. H. Hunter, secretary and Robert McGown, treasurer, besides the following being elected a general committee : Dr. E. Pearce, W. H. Hunter, It. McGowan, John H. Lindsay, W. A. Long, J. W. Evans, H. D. Worthington, James McConville, Charles Gallagher, Robert Sherrard, Samuel Johnson, M. L. Miller, R. C. Hawkins, R. Gardner, George Maxwell, W. H. Wallace, Jones Munker, Joseph B. Doyle, M. R. Andrews, D. W. Matlack, James F. Sarratt, Thomas M. Simpson, Mrs. J. W. Holliday, Mrs. W. D. McGregor, Mrs. W. K. Peters, Mrs. W. Grimes, Mrs. R. L. Brownlee, Mrs K. Crumrine, Mrs. E. Pearce, Mrs. T. B. Coulter, Mrs. W. H. Harden, Mrs. George Sharpe, Mrs. Joseph Means, Mrs. C. Tolle, Miss Eoline Spaulding, Miss Hannah Gill, Miss Julia Galloway, Miss Virginia Means and Miss Rickey. The exhibition was held in the court house building, and the countless thousands of costly, beautiful and unique articles gathered together four New York, Washington, San Francisco, Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, and in fact every part of the Union, presented a scene of unsurpassed splendor. There were nine departments, each tilled to repletion, and for several days and evenings the hall was kept perfectly filled with astonished and delighted visitors, the receipts from whom amounted to $4,500, the net profits being $2,200. Never before had there been so much enthusiasm displayed in the city, and to the credit and honor of those entrusted with the management of the undertaking, the many interesting associations with the occasion will stand for many years as worthy remembrances—eclipsed only by the stupendous success of which it was the precursor—"The grand tri-state reunion." ITS FINANCIAL STANDING, The city's present indebtedness does not exceed $35,888.15, and of this amount the bonds falling due in 1880 are already provided for by the tax levy of the present year, having less than $31,000 to be provided for by additional taxation. All of her railroad bonds bear interest at six per cent. and the waterworks bonds at eight, such being the demand for Steubenville city bonds, that they have for years been at a premium. The debt is, in fact, lower now than it has been for twenty years, and we are creditably informed that "the assets of the municipality, as such, would far more than pay off the debt to day." The rate of taxation last year for state; county, township, school and city purposes was only 17.6 mills on the dollar valuation ; probably less than any other city of the size in the state, though this year it is only 16.6 mills on the dollar, and a still further reduction is evident in the near future. As to the total disbursements of the city in the different departments for the year ending March 1, 1879, we extract the following statement from a work recently issued by authority of the council:

	Total Paid Out	Balance March 1, 1879
Railroad bonds and interest. Fire department General and incidental expenses. Hay scales  Market House  Marshal and Police  Public Lamps.   Mears relief fund  Streets and alleys  Sinking Fund  Fourth Street Improvement  Bridges  Wharfage.  Water Works Bonds   Improvement Water Main Total	$ 1,800 00 3,228 00 3,069. 22 183 91 315 51 7,811 87 4,603 67 784 56 11,156 44 4,000 00 02 493 34 332 01 1,111 05 5,155 61 $44,045 70	$1,511 29 1,610 79 3,060 95 379 43 298 51* 1,540 38 2,624 95 269 46 4,672 04 4,377 94 02 417 78 239 51 1,191 94 1282 78 $22,877 73

" Deducting the amount for improvement of water main and reduction of debt we have $31,979 as the amount of all ordinary expenditures, including street improvements, &c., which were unusually heavy last year. The Mears Fund is not raised by taxation, but is the interest on a legacy left by a deceased citizen, which is expended to aid the worthy poor. THE SANITARY CONDITION OF THE TOWN cannot be excelled in any respect. The streets are broad, well paved and kept in the most cleanly condition. The town is so elevated from the river that the most complete drainage is afforded—the surrounding hills protect it from all storms—the soil is for most part gravelly and not therefore subject to contamination. As surface drainage is mainly depended upon, after every rain the streets are left perfectly clean. Malarial fevers are unknown here and physicians visiting the city agree with those located in our midst, that they have seldom found a more healthful locality. Mr. Jos. B. Doyle, in his recent pamphlet on the city adds: " The death rate of any city is the critical test of its health, and in this connection the following figures, as returned by the ward assessors this season will be perused with interest :

	Births	Deaths
First Ward Second Ward Third Ward Fourth Ward Fifth Ward Sixth Ward	32 73 58 28 43 30	11 20 22 21 9 11

Thus giving a total of 264 births as against 94 deaths. It will thus be noticed that the ratio of births to deaths is nearly three to one, while the death rate in the thousand, basing the population at 14,000, is only 6.71, or allowing 41 per cent, for deficits, as is done in the United States census reports, it would still be only 9.43." STREETS AND AVENUES. Having elsewhere defined the present corporation limits, as even revised since the passing of the act incorporating the city in 1851, as a matter of reference and worthy of preservation in a-work of this character, we hereunder give a list of the principal * Overdrawn. 471 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. reorganized public thoroughfares, and their location in relation to each other : Acme, Seventh to Eighth, below Franklin. Adams, from river west, between Market and South. Benton, from river to Third, between Dock and Logan. Center avenue, from Sixth east to an alley, between Clinton and Ross. Central avenue, Flood's sub-division, Sixth ward. Clinton, from Third to Sixth, between Logan and Ross. Crawford, from Madison north, between Third and Fourth. Church, from Market to South, between Sixth and Seventh. Dock, from river to Highland, between North and Logan. Eighth, from Franklin to Adams, west of Seventh. Elm avenue. from Third to P. C. and St. L. Ry. bridge. Fifth, from W. H. Mooney's property to Wells' run, west of Fourth. Fourth, from Elm avenue to Wells' run, west of Third. Franklin avenue, from Third to city limits, north of Madison. Garrett avenue, railroad west to Linden avenue, Second ward. Grant, Dock to Benton, east of Stanton. High, from North to Slack, west of Water. Highland avanue, from North to Franklin, west of seventh. Kilgore, from Seventh to Eighth, between Washington and North. Liberty, from Market to Washington, west of Eighth. Linden avenue, from Slack south, west of P., C. and St. L. Ry. Locust, at south end of spring. Logan, from river to Seventh, between Dock and Clinton. Madison avenue, from Third to Sixth, north of Ross. Market, from river west to city limits, between Washington and Adams. Ninth, from Market to Adams, west of Eighth. North, from river to Highland, between Washington and Dock. Prospect avenue, west of railroad, Sixth ward. Railroad, west of P., C. and St. L. Ry., Second and Sixth wards. Ross, from Third to Sixth, between Clinton and Madison. Seventh, from Stony Hollow to South, west of Sixth. Sixth, from Stony Hollow to Wells' run, west of Fifth. Sherman avenue, from Ross to P., C. and St. L. Ry., between Fifth and Sixth. Short, from Eighth to Ninth, between Market and Adams. Slack, from High to Seventh, (extended), south of South. South, river to Spring, between Slack and Adams. Spring avenue, South to Locust, Wells' addition. Stanton, from Dock to Benton, between Third and Grant. Third, from Elm avenue to Wells' run, west of Water. Walnut, Gray's sub-division, Sixth ward, Washington, from river to Liberty, between Market and North. Water, from North to South, along the river. Webster Orr & Hineman's addition, Second ward. Wells, from Slack south, between Third and Fourth. STEUBENVILLE'S EFFICIENT FIRE DEPARTMENT. The earliest organization in Steubenville for combatting the ravages of "the devouring element," consisted simply of a bucket brigade, to whose relief in 1818, came a small hand engine. In 1832, Mr. C. C. Woolcoth, then a manufacturer, further privately purchased a small rotary fire engine, on wheels, for his factory, but through the kindness of that gentleman it became almost a public servant, and in its time did excellent service. It was 1846 before the city took further steps in the matter, when they secured a larger hand engine called the "Reliance ;" and water works having been established by this time, a reel and quantity of hose were also provided. And still a year or two hence; they got a second fire hand engine, the "Phoenix," and the two protected the city many years. In 1864 and 5. how ever they purchased two of Button & Son's famous steam engines which took the places of the old hand machines, and a new era for protection dawned. The last annual report of the Department showed the apparatus to be in good condition and to consist of two steamers, two hose carriages, three hose trucks, one hook and ladder truck, &c. The hose on hand and in use consists of 1,000 feet of new gum and leather hose, 2½ inch; 2,000 feet old gum hose, and 250 feet of 2 ¼ inch gum hose. The force of the Department is one Chief and two Assistant Directors ; two engine and hose companies, and one hook and ladder company, twenty-two men in each, all under charge of experienced officers and in first-class working order. The Phoenix company occupies the same building that is used for the Mayor's office ; the Star Hook and Ladder Company using the one adjoining. The Reliance company occupies a two-story brick building on North street, which is furnished with all necessary conveniences. The Department is conducted on the volunteer plan, although the Chief Fire Director and Engineers of the steamers receive small salaries, and the members of the companies each receive the sum of ten dollars per annum with other privileges. Alarms are given from the bells on the engine houses as well as by a fire alarm attached to the Court House bell, which notifies the whole city instantly. OFFICERS. Charles R. Thompson, Chief. Thomas Sterling, First Assistant Chief. James Berry, Second Assistant Chief. PHOENIX FIRE COMPANY, NUMBER ONE. Thomas Sterling, President. Richard Gregg, Vice President. Thomas Boyd, Secretary. Frank Lisby, Treasurer. Trustees—J ohn Hebron, Frank Evans and E. T. Zimmerman. RELIANCE FIRE COMPANY, NUMBER TWO. Virginius W. Berry, Foreman. F. Kaufman, Assistant Foreman. Elisha B. Howard, Secretary. B. K. Kennedy, Treasurer. James Beans, First Engineer. William Flemming, Second Engineer. Trustees—A. Parson, Simon Paul and J. Gossett. STAR HOOK AND LADDER COMPANY. B. Mathews, Foreman. William Kell, Assistant Foreman. H. Teaff, Treasurer. William Porter, Secretary. THE CITY WATER WORKS. Steubenville was ever favorably located for abundant water supply, having an extensive frontage on the ever flowing :Ohio, while within the present corporation there has always been several excellent springs. The latter were at one time mainly depended upon, but as the population increased fresh and improved facilities had to be resorted to. As already stated, as far back as 1810 a company was incorporated to supply the town, and large pump logs were laid from extensive sprints to High street. but they soon gave way and that project was abandoned. In 1820, and for many years after, water was hauled around town in barrels by wagons or carts, but some disastrous fires in the neighborhood of 1834-5 warned the inhabitants to be up and doing. They accordingly made an effort to supply the town with water from a large reservoir on the hill, replenished by a steam force pump, from the river. This project was got into working order about 1836, at an expense of $35,000,no in considerable sum in those days. And this may be said to be the nucleus to the present admirable works. The first reservoir was situated at the head of Adam street, and on the side of the hill. Its capacity was 400,000 gallons, and the engine forty horse power, being capable of throwing 200,000 gallons into the reservoir every ten hours. But even this provision soon proved itself inadequate to the growing population, and another basin, west of the other, was added, with a capacity of 600,000 gallons. The engine next proving inadequate, in 1864, a radical improvement was commenced. The building was doubled in size—a pair of new large engines and pumps were put in, fresh mains laid, &c., and after an expenditure of some $50,000, in 1867, things were got into "ship shape." The full capacity of the machinery at the present time admits of 2,480,000 gallons being pumped every twenty-four hours, to meet an actual average consumption of 1,280,000 gallons within the same period of time. The water is exceedingly clear and good for river water, though subject of course, to be a little muddy when there comes a freshet. But it has a seventy mile flow from Pittsburgh without receiving the drainage of any large town, hence it has ample time to clean itself from any impurities. There are now some fifteen miles of suitable pipe laid in the city, and 125 fire plugs for the steamers. The entire enterprise is under the efficient superintend- 472 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES., ence of Mr. Johnson Irwin, to whose credit it is asserted that the city has never lacked water, on the part of the works, in in the past twelve years. A LIST OF CITY OFFICERS FOR 1879. John Irwin, Mayor. Douglas W. Cahill, Marshal. A. H. Battin, Solicitor. David Hull, Commissioner. George E. Harper, Clerk. J. M. Barclay, Civil Engineer. George O'Neal, Wharfmaster. COUNCILMEN.—Jones Munker, President ; Albert F. Matlack, President pro tern ; Joseph Beatty, B. N. Lindsey, First Ward ; W. D. Lewis, G. W. Alban, Second Ward; George L. Conn, R. L. Brownlee Third Ward ; H. G. Garrett, Jones Munker, Fourth Ward; A. F. Matlack, Charles Moody, Fifth Ward; George Smith, Henry Opperman, Sixth Ward. WATER WORKS TRUSTEES.—C. B. Doty, W. H. Harden, Joseph Anderson. FIRE DEPARTMENT.—Charles R. Thompson, Chief ; V. W. Berry, Thomas Sterling. BOARD OF EDUCATION.—Charles Spaulding, President ; W. R. Peters, A. M. Blackburn, John S. Patterson, John S. Maxwell, J. H. Dawson. STEUBENVILLE'S PUBLIC BUILDINGS, HALLS AND PROMINENT BUSINESS BLOCKS, PRIVATE RESIDENCES, &C. There is a popular idea, which we have frequently heard propounded, that the commercial status of a city may be judged from its prevalent style of architecture. But, however that may apply to New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, and other large cities, we much suspect, to the eye of a stranger, that Steubenville would prove more than an ordinary problem to solve in that respect. Though it presents many features of exceptional architectural merit, yet uniformity will be found conspicuous for its absence. Its age has much to do with this, added to the prudence on the part of its earliest settlers to build substantlally when they did build—hence we find many old buildings of sixty to seventy years of age, apparently good to stand the buffetings of another half century, and their proprietors cannot conclude to sacrifice their utility to add to the modern attractiveness. Without debating the philosophy in their judgment, we will therefore proceed to note a few of the most prominent features of interest the city affords, of course leading off with THE COURT HOUSE. This building which is universally conceded to be by odds the finest of its kind in the State, is constructed of Cleveland sandstone, and presents a front of 126 feet on Market and 96* feet on Third street. The basement contains the janitor's rooms, two furnace rooms and Dunbar & Kithcart's law office. The first floor has two rooms for the Recorder, two for the County Auditor and Commissioners, one for the Treasurer, one spare room, and two for the Probate Judge. The height of this story is 16 feet 6 inches. On the second floor is the court room, measuring 50 by 70 feet, and 40 feet in height, one room for the. Prosecuting Attorney, one for the Sheriff, two for the Clerk, one consultation room, one witness room, and the Judge's retiring room. These rooms all average 20 by 24 feet, and are all provided with wardrobes and wash rooms, and water closets conveniently adjacent. The height of this story is 15 feet 6 inches. On the third floor are two library rooms, three jury rooms, and two spare rooms, averaging 24 by 32 feet. This story is also 15 feet 6 inches high. The building is heated by hot air, and supplied with grates in addition. The height of the main building from base to the roof of Court House is 70 feet. Above the roof extends a handsome tower, the heighth of which, from base to top of cornice, is 49 feet, from top of cornice to roof of tower 32 feet, making the actual height of tower 81 feet, and the total heighth of building from base to top of tower 151 feet. In the center of the tower is an elegant clock, with illuminated dials. The court room is beautifully frescoed, and among the other paintings contains a life-size representation of the late Hon. Edwin M. Stunton. The contract for the erection of the building was awarded in the spring of 1870, and the work commenced that summer. It progressed amid various delays until June, 1874, when the first term of court was held in the new structure. The entire cost including additional ground, and the Sheriff's house and jail adjoining the Court house, with incidental expenses, was about $300,000, which was low, considering the character of the buildings erected. Directly north of the Court house stands the jail and Sheriff's dwelling, both of brick, with stone trimmings. The cells in the jail are 36 in number, 27 for males and 9 for females, constructed of boiler iron. Both buildings are furnished with all the modern improvements and conveniences; and next in point of attractiveness and ability may be classed GARRETT'S HALL. As a house of amusement, or for the assembling of large, public conventions this noble building is not only a compliment to local enterprise and an ornament to the leading thoroughfare of the city, but has few equals for its magnitude and conveniences in the state. Its popular and generous owner, Mr. H. G. Garrett, of the Union Deposit Bank, has evidenced a degree of enterprise that knew no limit to expense and the following has proved the result: The building is a substantial structure, internally 120x60 feet deep, with a stage 50 feet wide and 31 feet deep—connected with the latter, there being ten very attractive newly painted flats, and an interesting new dress scene. There are six neatly furnished dressing and retiring rooms and abundant water supply. There is a private ticket box at the entrance, by way of which the lady professionals have a means of access to their several rooms strictly private from the stage or audience. The hall is brilliantly lit up with 80 jets—there being a splendid cluster right in the center of the ceiling and two neat chandeliers attached to the sides of the stage, while the facilities for governing any and all lights from behind the scenes are perfect. There are substantial fixings for trapez business—traps in stage for pantomimic tricks and, in fact, everything possible to desire. As a precaution against fire, a water plug supplied from the street main stands behind the scenes with ample hose ready at a second's notice, while the ingress and egress to the stage and hall have each a capital six feet stair case. A full complement of comfortable chairs form the front seats—the acoustic properties of the hall are perfect, as also the method of ventilation. There is no gallery, but during the present summer a new and handsome mansard roof has been put on, elevating the building 50 to 60 feet, and it is intended that a suitable gallery shall be added next season. An entire new front has been placed in the building and its lighting properties largely increased. The entire house has been refloored, new seats added, and to say the 'least of it, for a house capable of seating a round thousand people, we know not of one better, neater, cleanner, and at the same time more reasonable than this. THE MAYOR'S OFFICES, with which is included the Phoenix Fire Engine house, and city jail in the rear, stands in. the corner of the Market Square. It. is an exceedingly neat brick structure with bell tower, and though not extensive in its proportions presents a very desirable effect, as a public building in full view of the magnificent Court house already referred to. JEFFERSON NATIONAL BANK BUILDING. Though by no means of the most modern design—yet conspicuous and attractive—this substantial building will be observed on the south side of Market street, between Fourth and Fifth streets. It was built in 1830 by William Thompson and Shaw Hu kill, contractors, and probably the former is best entitled to the credit of being its architect. It has a brick front excellently stuccoed or cemented, extending 50 feet on Market street, while the premises may be said to run back at least 80 feet. It is approached by five stone steps running the length of the front of the building, and upon which rest five fine pillars, supporting a kind of triangular front to the roof—the building being two stories high. The lower portion is devoted to the bank, and being built especially for that purpose, its walls are very substantial, while it contains one of the finest vaults in the state, within which are two burglar and fire proof safes fitted with the latest and most approved combination locks, for the custody of valuables. Behind' the general office is the directors and president's room, while the upper story is used as a residence for the cashier of the bank. It is approached by a private door from the street leading into a spacious hall from HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 473 which a staircase ascends. Mr. Moody and Mr. Spencer, respectively, reside here when in office at the bank, but Mr. Charles Gallagher, the present cashier, is now in possession. ODD FELLOWS' HALL, NORTH FOURTH STREET.. This noble block, the outgrowth of prudence and unity, was erected at the instance of the noble order after which it is named, in 1873, under the supervision of the following trustees : 0. M. Thatcher, of " Good Intent" Lodge, No. 143, Jacob G. Fickes, of " Jefferson " Lodge No. 6, and Henry —, of " Nimrod" Encampment, No. 11. The cost of the building, with the around upon which it is erected, was between $21,000 and $22,000. The premises are three stories high, with basement. The upper, or lodge room, is used by the order of " Odd Fellows and " Knights of Honor." The second floor is occupied by the Congregational Church, and the first floor is divided between Crumrine's book store and the post office, while in the basement is a barber's shop and undertaking rooms. PHILHARMONIC HALL. This convenient place of entertainment, located on Fourth street, was erected in 1872 by Manly & Foster, and contains' seats for 350 persons. It has a stage eighteen feet, open fitted with two sets of flats and drop curtain, It has been leased by the Philharmonic Society since 1877, and is sub-let by them to parties desirous of renting it, applications being made at Gardner's music store, Market street. It is not exclusively a build- ing devoted to the hall, but extends over several business stores. and has been so arranged and fitted as to afford good accoustic properties and healthful ventilation. COCHRAN'S BLOCK AND MOSSGROVE'S UNITED STATES HOTEL. Probably the largest block in the city is the property owned by Mr. R. Cochran, and located on the site of the old Washington Hall, corner of Market street and what is known as "Jail alley." It is 624,- feet x 1.80 feet deep, the lower. portion being occupied by several of Market street's popular merchants. As the building may be said to be five stories high the entire upper portion is devoted to the largest hotel in the city, known at present as " Mossgrove's United States Hotel." The entire structure, which presents a fine appearance on the leading street, is said to have cost $110,000. Mr. J.. Ross Mossgrove, at present in possession of the hotel having succeeded a Mr. Getzmann in 1876, and is privileged with upwards . of one hundred rooms for the entertainment of guests. OTHER PROMINENT BUSINESS BLOCKS. The following. is only a partial list of the most prominent :

When erected	Name	Location
1829 1848 1850 1846 1848 1856 1856 1856 1866 1877 1874 1874 1878 1872 1870 1865 1872 1875 1865 1874 .... .... .... 1877 1875 1879 1872 1865	Turnbull's Block Turnbull's Block Scott's Block Lindsey's Block St. Charles Hotel Block Mandel's Block Collins' Block Russell's Block McConville's Block Johnson's Block Mooney's Block Sherrard, Mooney Sr, Co Dunbar's Block Foster & Manley's Block Barclay's Block Gazette Block Bullock's Block. Dougherty's Block Cochran's Block Walker's Block Jefferson Insurance Block Floto's Block Floto's Block Specht's Block Davison's Block Raney, Shields & Co., Block Schaler's Hotel Block Mear's Block	419 Mark street 411 to 417 Market street. North Fourth street. Market, corner of Sixth. Fourth street. Market street. Market street. Market street. Market, corner Fourth. Market street. Market street. Market, corner Fourth. Market street. North Fourth street. Market, corner Sixth. Market street. Third street. Market, corner Third. Market street. Market street. Third, cor. Market square. Fourth street. Fourth street. Fourth street. Fourth street. Fourth street. Foot of Market street Market street

I-60—B. & J. Cos. SPECIALLY ATTRACTIVE RESIDENCES. Whatever the business portion of the city may lack in the uniformity of its architecture, is more than compensated for by the attractiveness of its private residences, some of which would adorn the suburbs of a fashionable metropolis, among which may be mentioned those owned by Messrs. W. Mooney, T. B. Coulter, W. C. Ong, J. M. Rickey, W. H. Hunter, D. Spalding, C. B. Doty, W. Elliott, Dr. Hammond, Mrs. Johnson, Dr. Stewart, George Thatcher. STEUBENVILLE FEMALE SEMINARY BUILDING—PUBLIC GROUNDS. The open grounds belonging to the city have as yet been but little improved, but the trees planted a short time since on the river side give promise of a nice little park of several acres in a few years, and the square in the center of town, formerly occupied by the Market House, only awaits the hand of taste to make it a pleasant resort. The city also has some open ground adjoining the reservoir which will probably be utilized some day in a similar manner.—Doyle's Sketches. STEUBENVILLE POST OFFICE—ITS ORIGIN, POSTMASTERS, SEVERAL LOCATIONS, &C. Soon after the admittance of the State into the *Union, in 1802, a regularly authorized postal–system was adopted here, John Galbraith being the first appointed postmaster, who then kept store in what was known as Odd Fellows' Hall block, which stood where May's clothing house now stands on Market street. He was quite ,a popular man as a merchant, but his political views occasionally got him into disfavor. As an instance, during the war of 1812 politics ran very high between the then Federal and Republican parties, who were at that time so equally balanced, numerically, in Steubenville, that an election for a justiceship, Wm. Lowry (R) and J. G. Henning (V) tied votes, and on a second election, Lowry only received a majority of one. The war being on with England, and Galbraith being opposed to it, as postmaster, he refused to give any news out when the Americans gained a victory, but .when the British got the, best of it, it was otherwise. When the report. of Perry's victory arrived, so high did public indignation run against John's reticence, that serious apprehensions led him .to resigning in favor of James G. Henning, whose recommendation to the appointment he forwarded to Wshington city. But by the same mail, Judge Tappan wrote to the Postmaster General, whom he knew to be in New Jersey, recommending David Larimore for the office, and the latter was installed before Galbraith's nomination was received. But singular 'to say, after Larimore had faithfully filled the office for twenty years, at the instigation of Judge Tappan, was he again removed on account of his changed views in politics. During Larimore's term of office the post-office was conducted on the present site of the Imperial Hotel. Wm. Cable was the third postmaster and was appointed in 1837, when he changed the location to North Third street, between Market and Washington streets. In 1841 Mr. Cable was succeeded by Wm. Collins, and he ran the post office Where Surratt's jewelry store is now conducted, in Turnbull's block, Market street. But in 1845 he also stepped down and out in favor of Whit. O'Neal, who kept a little one story brick on Market street near the U. S. House. Next came Frank A. Wells, in 1849, who retained the same position. for the office, as did also Thos. Brashear, who was postmaster from 1853 to 1861, when George Filson took the position, but removed the office to the site next to where Mr. Peters' hardware store is now conducted on Market street. He held office till 1869, when James Reed became postmaster, and he it was, on the completion of the Odd Fellows' new fine block, on north Fourth street, removed the post office to its present position , Mr. Frank, O'Neil, the efficient postmaster of to-day, taking office in January, 1878. Mr.. O'Neil had had six or seven years experience in the same office previous to his appointment, hence his proficiency in its present conduct. In this office are 1,000 glass boxes and 350 lock boxes. About 400 registered letters go through the office every three months, and there are 12 mails in, with the same number out daily. STEUBENVILLE GAS WORKS. This important institution came into operation the same year that Steubenville was incorporated a city 1851. It is the property of a local private company and its presidents have been R. S. Moody, B. P. Drennen, Dr. Thomas Johnson and R. Sher- 474 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. rard, Sr., at the present time. Its secretaries, from its organization, have been Col. G. W. McCook, Sr., Jos. Means, John Orr and George W. McCook, Jr., still in office. Superintendent A. J. Carrol, at present in charge, has filled his present responsible position for nearly a quarter of a century. The works are located on the corner of South and High streets, cover an area of 150x180 feet, and contain ten retorts, of which six are usually run in the summer and nine in the winter. The works have been almost entirely renewed in the past quarter of a century, and at present are in excellent condition, commanding about six miles of pipes through the city. At first the price of gas was $3 50 per 1,000, but at present reduced to $1 90 per 1,000. In the matter of gas, Steubenville is entitled to congratulation in her possession of works fully adequate to her present and increasing facilities for some time to come. BRIEF HISTORY OF STEUBENVILLE'S BANKING INTEREST. It was so far back as 1809 that the doors of the first bank in Steubenville were thrown open, and though the number of inhabitants was small, even in those days the good people were not slow to appreciate and support such an institution. Of course the worthy and enterprising pioneer—Bazaleel Wells—was the main mover in this, as in most of the earliest projects in this community, and the title of "THE BANK OF STEUBENVILLE" was given it—Bazaleel Wells and W. R. Dickenson proprietors, of whom the former filled the capacity of president, and the latter that of cashier ; Alexander McDowell, son of Dr. McDowell, being teller, with Benjamin Cuning, janitor. The business was continued down to 1821, when the principals became hopelessly involved, and the enterprise came to grief in the sum of about $150,000. Some years after an attempt was made to revive it under its unexpired charter, by Samuel Stokeley, James Taif; A. Doyle, A. H. Dohrman, James Dougherty and M. M. Laughlin, with the former as president and 0. Ballard as cashier, but it only took some three years to convince them that their doors were much more profitably kept shut than open. "THE FARMERS AND MECHANIC'S BANK" was next opened in 1816, with John C. Wright, president and Thomas Scott cashier, It was chartered for twenty years and ran out its time successfully. A few years subsequent to its winding up, several of the old stockholders, with an admixture of "new blood," renewed operations under a fresh charter granting them the title of "The Jefferson Branch of State Bank of Ohio." This was successfully floated in 1845, but twenty years later it was again modernized in its title and conduct, for we find it in 1865, resolved into "THE JEFFERSON NATIONAL BANK." As a striking evidence of its excellent management and consequent success, we should state that it has maintained specie payments on a large circulation, from its organization through the great panics of 1837 and 1857 uninterruptedly until after the passage of the legal tender act of 1862, and its business of to-day is a compliment to its past history. As a remarkable fact, the first cashier Mr. T. Scott only held office one year—the second, Mr. D. Moody 33 years, the third Mr. W. Spencer, 23 years, and the present officer, C. Gallagher, assumed the position in 1874—though Mr. Spencer may be said to have served the bank also in other capacities an additional 16 years. Its present directors are E. F. Andrews, R. L. Brownlee, James Gallagher, David Johnson, Thomas Johnson, George Mahon, David McGowan, John Orr and James Turnbull. James Gallagher, president ; Charles Gallagher, cashier. Eastern Exchange Banks—Metropolitan National Bank, New York ; Bank of America. New York, and Exchange National Bank, Pittsburgh. "MECHANIC'S FUND ASSOCIATION." This was a local enterprise incorporated and put into operation in 1832. It had a board of directors, but the conduct of the business was vested in a treasurer, who was Mr. John Leetch. It enjoyed the most implicit confidence of its patrons and the community at large during a most successful career extending over twenty years. THE CITIZENS' BANK. incorporated in 1865 was the most financial enterprise to dawn with Col. James Collier for its president and David Moody as cashier. Its career, however, was only very brief, as we find that in three or four years it was wound up. SHERRARD, MOONEY & CO'S. PRIVATE BANK. This banking house—still in active operation, was first established in 1862, with R. Sherrard, Jr., W. H. Mooney and James Gregg as its principals, under the Style of "Sherrard & Co." But in 1865 they merged into a First National. Bank. The latter, subsequently, withdrew from the National Banking Association, and the firm re-established in 1868, paying in a capital of $50,000. They conduct a very extensive city and country business, as well as a large correspondence and collection account. They are conservative in their investments, dealing only and exclusively in business paper of their patrons and State, county and U. S. securities. During the memorable panic of 1873 they carried through with prompt currency payments, as did the other local banks in this city, and never once had to ask quarters from any source. It only remains for us to add that their Eastern correspondents are—The Third National Bank, of New York and The Farmer's Deposit National Bank, of Pittsburgh. "UNION DEPOSIT BANK." This house is successor to the "Steubenville Savings' Institute," established in 1864. From its earliest outset this bank has been characterized for its financial soundness, and without a falter has ever promptly met its engagements. As a savings' institute it has ever shared unlimited confidence, and upon winding up its affairs after the panic of 1873, in view to reorganizing it as it now stands, after paying up every stockholder in full it boasted a surplus of $20,000. That year it assumed its present title, and the leading features of its business is securing deposits from one dollar upward, subject to check or otherwise—allowing interest on all time deposits of one dollar and upwards—making collections, and loaning money on government bonds and mortgage securities, at lowest rates. Its stockholders are Horatio G. Garrett, William A. Walden, Calvin B. Doty, Joshua Manley. W. A, Walden, President ; H. G. Garrett, Cashier. Eastern Exchange Banks—Third National at New York, and the First National in Pittsburgh. "THE NATIONAL EXCHANGE BANK." Though of comparative modern origin, this important institution shares equal prominence among our banks of the present day. It originated in 1873—a private enterprise, known as, the "Exchange Bank," but in 1874 was chartered the "National Exchange Bank," with an authorized capital of $200,000---paid up capital, $100,000. It transacts a general business, and is extensively patronized by our leading Commercial firms and prominent farmers of the county. Present directors are David Spaulding, C. D. Kaminsky, William Dougherty, Wm. R. Peters and David Myers. William Dougherty, President ; D. Spaulding, Vice President, T. A. Hammond, Cashier. Eastern Exchange Banks---Importers and Traders National Bank, New York. The German National Bank, Pittsburgh, and Girard National Bank, Philadelphia. THE MINERS AND MECHANICS' BANK. This popular institution was established first in 1872 by a number of our leading citizens, most, if not all, of whom are yet associated with its directory, together with the late George W. McCook, who was perhaps one of its most zealous advocates. Its object was to afford an unquestionable investment for small sums upon a liberal interest, while affording loans to the industrial classes on easy terms at 8 per cent, with ample time to meet their obligations; and so marked has been its success, that to-day it controls a capital exceeding $50,000. The office for receiving investments is at Mr. Campbell's shoe store, 321 Market street, and the directors are Messrs. C. R. Thompson, Sr., J. H. Bristor, M. Alexander, J. H. Hawkins, J. E. Sheal, J. A. McCurdy, J. W. Cookson, J. Bentz, W. Elliott, S. B. Campbell, and D. McConville, Sr. The president is J. H. Hawkins ; treasurer, S. B. Campbell ; secretary, J. W. Cookson ; and J. A. McCurdy, solicitor. Though comparatively unassuming in its pretentions, this bank has rendered excellent service and is still working much good, with yet. a brighter future before it.