HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 525 OLD TIME HUSKING MEETINGS. Well, the men and women, old and young, would meet on each farm in the season at sundown, and about fifty or sixty of them would go to work in real earnest. Two sides were chosen, and a rail was laid across where the middle of the pile of corn would fall, and each man would place a man at the ends of the rail, when they were through husking, the side that had husked the most would have their man picked up and carried around, amid loud hurrahs, as the captain. Then, while the men were penning up the husks in the field, the women would go to the house, cook turkeys, chicken, pumpkin pies, &c., and we'd have a rousing good supper. In those times we drank out of gourds and had only pewter plates and dishes —no crockery or glass. After supper, though it was late, we returned to the field and there enjoyed a good hearty game ; we would all take hold hands, with a young man set in the middle of the ring, and we ran round singing : "Sister Phoebe, how merry were we The night we sat under the juniper-tree ? Take this hat on your head' 'twill keep you warm ; Take a sweet kiss, 'twill do you no harm." And in this way would frisk about like kittens till all the young men had a moonlight kiss, and we would finish up by singing : "Mamma' who's been here since I've been gone ? A pretty young girl with a josey on." A "josey" signifying a jacket. They were rare good times, I, tell you ; lots of good, solid harmless fun. No rye drinking' no beer or hard cider, though we did sometimes take a little "mafigelum," consisting of sugar, water and hops, which I'll tell you how to mix directly." We asked, by way of a change, "from the ridiculous to the sublime," if she would tell us HOW THEY INDULGED SPIRITUAL CONSOLATION. "Oh ! we were not short of that," said the old lady, "but it was good solid religion in those days; not meetings gotten up to show off our clothes and to gossip. We had what we called 'riding preachers' come round ; a minister on horseback, who held a service at one of our houses every other week, and every second week we had prayer meetings. Ah ! and we put our whole souls into the worship. We did not quarrel and wrangle over all sorts of notions and isms, but united heart and voice in the common plain worship of God. And that reminds me of my dear old father. But, remember, he was no particular exception to the general rule in those days. He never took food, even to the extent of a piece, without asking Divine blessing, that he might feel thankful for it. Ah ! I think I see his dear white head, and his long, white beard, as he joined regularly in family prayer, and never in my life did I ever know him to retire without committing us all to God's tender care and mercy. My friend, those were days when the heart was lifted to God in earnestness, and we all elt prayer was our common duty to our Maker, but nowadays people seem to fancy they are condescending to approach God, and worse luck' there are not over many young folks that favor Him that much. I tell you, in religion things have mightily changed." We asked her for information on THE FIRST PUBLIC PREACHING IN STEUBENVILLE' When the old lady said that she never remembered preaching here " until 1799 or 1800, when one Lorenzo Dow visited this (then) scattered little hamlet, on foot, for he would not ride from place to place, on his mission for the Lord. A report had gained circulation that a great divine was coming, whom some were not slow to claim a second Christ, which led to 200 or 300 persons gathering here under a large tree that then stood rat the end of the market square. Beneath this tree was a bench upon which butchers cut up their meat, and there was also an upping block.' When Dow arrived be looked exceedingly seedy and worn out by travel, so much so that he somewhat staggered, which led our informant's mother to inquire of her good husband if he did not think the man drunk. The venerable old man simply replied, " Thee'll see directly." The zealous ambassador of Christ mounted the " upping block " and' Mrs. Johnson states, addressed the people from the following words, which have never since ceased to ring in her ears : " Sent by my Lord, on you I call— The invitation is to all; Come all the world—come sinner, thou ; All things in Christ are ready now." The sermon was one of unsurpassed eloquence and impressiveness, and the delighted audience voluntarily took up a .bat collection, handing the receipts to the preacher' who though in dilapidated habiliments himself, sought out the most humbly attired man in the audience, and handing it to him bade him God speed in its use. Mr. and Mrs. Bickerstaff, parents of our informant, entreated Mr. Dow to visit their house and eat and rest with them, but he declined in the words, " I have not the time, my Lord's work must be done and I must go." We next asked for. A FEW OLD TIME RECIPES. " Just so," the old lady observed' " I said I would tell you how we made 'Mafigelum.' Well, we boiled down forty to fifty gallons of sugar water to half its original quantity. Then boiled down a quarter of a pound of hops and added. Into this we poured a bowl of yeast, closed it up and let it work itself clear; and you'd better believe it was good." We then inquired as to their method of home tanning. " Why," said she, " we took a deer skin and strewed green wood ashes on it' with a little moisture, and let it stand until the hair came off. Then we would put it on a shave horse, and with the back of a knife scraped it clean. After this we stretched it well on a board and rubbed the animal's brains into it thoroughly, until the skin presented a smooth, glossy surface, and then we dried it and it was tanned. One deer skin would make two pair of moccasins, and afford the "wangs" or strings, to tie them. Ground hogs were also very plenty—and fine ones, too. We used to take and soak their skins for a day in hot water and green wood ashes, and when all the hair had come off we boiled white oak bark for three or four hours, with which we rubbed the skins till they became dry. A good ground hog's skin would make two pair of shoe-packs,, and I tell you, we used to feel rare and proud when the men brought home a deer skin with only one shot bole in it." And how did you get on, in the absence of coal oil, for lights? "Oh ! good ; we had lots of nice home-made dips. But you know we used to believe in the good old saying, 'early to bed and early to rise,' so we really did not want so much artificial light as they do now-a-days. We had plenty of good lard oil, tallow and bears' greese, while good candles we often made out of bees wax mainly. You must know• wild bees were plenty in the woods those days. We often took gallons and gallons of honey and any amount of wax out of one hollow tree. And let me say right here, bears, wolves, foxes, coons, polecats, groundhogs and wild turkeys were then as common as cats and dogs now. I often have seen bears from 300 to 500 pounds weight. But let me tell you about the LOVELY PICTURES THAT HUNG ROUND OUR HUTS. Pictures ! we remarked—why, had you pictures? "Yes, indeed," said the old lady, as she smiled somewhat wickedly. "And I tell you we had just the nicest kind of pictures. Everybody liked them, and when we tired of admiring them, we eat them. They consisted of fine dried turkies, jerk, side meats, hams, pumpkins and other good things, hanging as thick as onions, all round the house—what finer pictures could we have desired ?" Conceding the philosophy in her opinions, we asked HOW THEY MANAGED WITHOUT DOCTORS? " Doctors !" exclaimed Mrs. J., " why a heap better than with them. We wanted none of them. What for?" she asked—and then continued' " you would be a heap better off if you followed our old style, in that respect, to-day. For a spring of the year medicine we used sassafras and spicewood. To prevent sleepless nights, the best thing in the world is a catnip blossom poultice placed on the back of the neck. Hops, bread, horse-radish and flax seed make fine poultices. To produce a sweat we used penny-royal tea. For vomiting—I mean to prevent it—and for sick stomach the finest thing in the world is simply to scrape a little horse-radish and mix in cold water, and take a drink. For light head from fever' bake a poke root, as you would a potato, bathe your foot and place it to the sole as a poultice, and relief is yours in half an hour. Tar water cured most ordinary coughs, and for consumption and gravel we always found spikenard had no equal that herb is one of the most valuable for many things. To stop bleeding produced by cuts we used fresh soot from wood ashes' or puff balls, and applied pounded elm bark as a salve." The old lady then went on to deliver us a, most convincing lecture on the merits of "butter-nut pills" as infallible for billiousness, or as a general corrective of the sys- 526 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. tem, beside naming numerous other valuable home-made medicines. But the foregoing will be ample to convey an idea of "ye olden style of doctoring." HISTORICAL AND OTHERWISE. Our conversation subsequently took a general turn, from which we gleaned the following : " When we first came to Steubenville it was a perfect thicket, with only a few lots scattered here and there. With our family came six others, named Morris West, Gabe Holland, Nathan Casebier, John Johnson, Adam Modowell, and old Josiah Hitchcock. We found a ferryman named Hanlin at the river, who brought us across. I was subsequently married to Nehemiah, son of John Johnson, as already spoken of. There was hardly a soul to be found in what is the suburbs of Steubenville of to-day, except John Parker, who was a trapper on Wells' Run. Bazaleel Wells was quite a young man, and resided at that time with his father, Alexander Wells, where Mr. Browning now resides. Father paid Bazaleel Wells, who was a real good, noble man, only in corn, sugar, molasses and other produce for our farm, as also for two other pieces of land that he afterwards purchased' and gave to my brothers. When we first came, father and others used to fetch salt in packs on horseback, over the mountains, until Bans Wilson opened a store, when we paid fifteen cents per quart for it, and it was at that store I first beheld calicos and cotton goods offered over the counter for sale. I did not go to school for three or four years after we came here, and then attended a little log hut school about a mile from our house, near the state road—but only in the winter, as we all had to work hard through the summer, The schoolmaster who taught through the winter, was called Madcap, but a clever man from Baltimore, named McCulley, used to teach during the summer. FARMERS AND EXTENSIVE LAND OWNERS IN STEUBENVILLE TOWNSHIP TO-DAY. Since the early settlement of this section the land has of course been divided and subdivided so that few traces of old landmarks are left. Manufacture is no longer confined to the city limits of the county seat, nor does it stop at Mingo, but here, there and everywhere may traces of it be found, so that the lands owned now by the following parties outside of Steubenville corporation, though chiefly applied to agriculture, are not exclusively so. The leading farmers and land owners to-day are J. H. Adams, Adam Peeler, G. W. Adams, Joshua Wells' heirs, J. Scott, Henry Adams, Joseph Johnson, Daniel Farmers' heirs, the Potter heirs, and the Means' heirs, J. W. Parr, Speakers' heirs, J. & A. Bustard, W. D. McLaughlin, the Beatty heirs, W. Brady's heirs, Thos. Moreland, the Union Cemetery Company, the Dunbar heirs, A. Walker, Frank Wells, John H. W. Miller, W. Connell's heirs, W. H. Rowe. Hon Thos. B. Scott, the Moore heirs, Jno. V. Tarr, W. A. Tarr, _____ Duff (of Pittsburgh), Jno. Martin, Matthew Nicholson, the Wilson's heirs, J. P. Draper, James Hill, James Erwin's heirs, Jos. W. Hill's heirs, N. Risden's heirs, &c. Probably the largest and finest farms are cultivated by the Adams', the Hills, Means, and Farmers' heirs, the Potter heirs, Adam Peeler's farm' and the Brady farm' all of which are under a very high state of cultivation, and rapidly increasing in value, as also several others that might be mentioned. THE PRESENT TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. The trustees are: Richard Archdeacon, John McMurray, and Edward F. Bond; treasurer, H. H. Ferres ; clerk, Geo. Ficks (who has efficiently filled the same office for over eighteen years) ; constables, Douglas Cahill and Joseph Conley ; supervisors, Edward Mulholland and J. Vankirk ; justices of the peace, Geo. G. Wright and Henry J. Spence; assessor, Geo. R. Kneff. THE PRINCIPAL TOWN IN THE TOWNSHIP' As also in the county' is the city of Steubenville, located in the north easterly part of the district, as we have already stated occupying about 600 acres. As we give the city an entire chapter elsewhere' we will pass it on for the second town in the township, which though small at present, is growing with a bright future before it, while it may justly claim a distinction in the county's history second to no other spot located in the state, as will be gleaned from the following: THE ANCIENT MINGO TOWN. The history of this ancient Indian village creates no little interest throughout this region. It was a village of the once noted and powerful Senecas, located on the west bank of the Ohio, a little above the mouth of Cross creek, in what is now Steubenville township, Jefferson county, about two and a half miles below Steubenville. The earliest historical mention we have of the place is in Geo. Crohan's journal of his transactions with the Indians at Fort Pitt in the spring of 1765. No mention is made of the place in the journal and map of the French expedition down the Ohio under De Celoron in 1749, though general care is said to have been taken to note the tribes and villages along the river. (See chapter on that expedition and accompanying map, in another part of this volume.) In Croghan's journal of the 14th of April, 1765, we find the following : " About eighty Seneca Indians (Mingo) came here fromtheir town at the Two Creeks, (Cross Creeks,) and brought with them a quantity of skins and furs' expecting to trade." Mention is again made of the place by Croghan in his journal of his tour down the Ohio, shortly afterward, on his way to visit the western Indians. He started from Fort Pitt on the 16th of May, 1765, and on the 17th he says : " At six o'clock in the morning we embarked, and were delighted with the prospect of a fine open country on each side of the river as we passed down. We came to a place called the Two Creeks, about fifteen miles from Yellow creek, where we put to shore. Here the Senecas have a village on a high bank on the north side of the river. The chief of this village offered me his service to go with me to the Illinois, which I could not refuse for fear of giving him offence, although I had. a sufficient number of deputies with me already. From thence we proceeded down the river, passing many large' rich and fine bottoms, the highlands being at a considerable distance from the river banks, till we came to the Buffalo creek, being about ten miles below the Seneca village." Gordon, in his history of Pennsylvania, made date of 1766, speaks of the Mingo town, saying its distance is "seventy-one miles below Fort Pitt." In Imlay's " Topographical Description of the Western Territory of North America," 1766, the Mingo town is described as being " seventy-five miles below Fort Pitt, and containing sixty families." On the 27th of March, 1768, a deputation of eight Indians from the Mingo town, held a conference at Red Stone (Brownsville) Pennsylvania, with Rev. Charles Steel and others, acting as agents of Gov. John Penn' on the enforcement of a law enacted by the provincial assembly of Pennsylvania, on the 3d of February, 1768, entitled " an act to remove the persons now settled, and to prevent others from settling on any lands in this province not purchased of the Indians." Mr. Steel makes a report of the conference to Gov. Penn, and subjoins the names of the Indians from the Mingo town. 'He says : " they came, and, after sermon, delivered a speech, with a string of wampum to be transmitted to your honor. Their speech was : "Ye are come, sent by your great men, to tell these people to go away from the land which ye say is ours. And we are sent by our great men' and we are glad we have met here this day. We tell you the white people must stop, and we stop them, till the treaty. And when George Croghan and our great men will talk together, we will tell what to do." The names of the Indians subjoined were : Captains Haven, Hornets, Mygog-Wigo, Nogowach, Strikebelt, Pouch, Gilly, Slewbells. WASHINGTON AT THE MINGO TOWN IN THE FALL OF 1770. In the fall of 1770, George Washington made a tour down the Ohio, " for the purpose of viewing lands to be apportioned among the officers and soldiers who had served in the French war." He was accompanied by Dr. Craik, Captain William Crawford (afterward commander of the expedition against Sandusky), Joseph Nicholson, Robert Bell, William Harrison, Charles Morgan, David Reddon (a boy of Captain Crawford's), and two Indians. The party embarked in canoes and started from Fort Pitt on the 20th of October. Washington kept a journal of his tour. On the 22d day of October the journal records the arrival of the party at Yellow creek, eight miles below the encampment of the previous night, and then at Big Stony creek, after which it proceeds "About seven miles from the last mentioned creek, twenty-eight from our last encampment, and about seventy-five from Pittsburgh, we came to the Mingo town, situate on the west side of the river, a little above the Cross creeks. This place contains about twenty cabins and seventy inhabitants of the Six Nations. * * * * Upon our arrival at the Mingo town, HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 527 we received the disagreeable news of two traders being killed at a town called the Grape Vine ;own, thirty-eight miles below this, which caused us to hesitate whether we should proceed or Wait for further intelligence." Washington and his party encamped, or lodged at Mingo town on the night of the .22d' and remained there until two o'clock of the afternoon of the 23d. His journal of that day continues : " Several imperfect accounts coming in, agreeing that only one person was killed, and the Indians not supposing it to be done by their people, we resolved to pursue our passage' till we could get a more distinct account of this transaction. Accordingly, about two o'clock, we set out with the two Indians, who were to accompany us in our canoe, and after about four miles came to the mouth of a creek on the east side. The Cross creeks, as they are called, are not large; that on the west side is biggest, At the Mingo town we found and left more than sixty warriors of the Six Nations, going to the Cherokee country to proceed to war against the Catawbas." Little did the father of his country dream that he was tarrying on the eastern shore of what was to be such a mighty state within the brief period of a century--the dwelling place of millions of thriving, prosperous and happy people—the centre of a great and enlightened civilization a radiating point, from which emits the light of science and mental elevation, with its unrivalled advancement and improvement in all that pertains to the welfare of mankind. The Mingo town is mentioned in the journal of the Rev.. David Jones, a minister of the gospel residing at Freehold, New Jersey' who made a tour to the western Indians in the summer of 1772, already referred to in another part of this work. On Tuesday, June 9th, he says : "Left Fort Pitt in company with Mr. George Rogers Clark, and several others, who were disposed to make a tour through this new world. We traveled by water in a canoe, and as I labored none, had an opportunity of observing the courses of the river. It would be too tedious to give a particular account ; it may suffice to be more general, and refer the curious reader to a map .expected soon to be published by Messrs. Hutchins & Hooper. * * * * From Fort Pitt the river Ohio runs about fifteen miles near a northwest course ; thence near north about fourteen miles; then it makes a great bend for about twenty miles, running a little south of west; thence for near twenty miles southeast to the place called Mingotown where Some of that nation yet reside. Some of this town were want to plunder canoes, therefore we passed them as quietly as possible; and were so happy as not to be. discovered by any of them.* From this town to. Grave creek is about thirty miles." When Logan withdrew to the Muskingum, in 1774, after the killing of his relatives at Yellow creek, the Senecas deserted Mingotown and it was never again occupied. How long this Indian village had existed is unknown, and must forever remain a mystery, but the great probabilities are that a branch or tribe of Senecas made the place their habitation near the year 1755. It is a well known fact among historians that the Ohio valley proper was more of a hunting ground than a habitation of the tribes of Indians. The mighty Iroquois, or Six Nations' traversed the Ohio at a very early period, but only as warriors and hunters. The Senecas, who were the most powerful of this confederacy, and commanded the western door of the "long council house," for along time dwelt on the head waters of the Allegheny. Prior to 1700' the Six Nations were so constantly at war with the western Indians, that it was not practical for them to dwell on the banks of the Ohio, which afforded their implacable enemy facilities for floating down upon its waters large fleets of canoes filled with warriors, carrying death and destruction before them. Neither was it safe for isolated tribes of the Six Nations to dwell down the Ohio at so great a distance from the centre of their confederacy, so long as the nations with which they were at war, occupied any portion of the interior. At a long period anterior to any historic knowledge of the Amerian Indians, they may have dwelt on the banks of the Ohio in considerable numbers, but it is safe to conclude that the tribes of this great confederation neither dwelt here nor permitted other nations to do so during their supremacy among the aboriginal races. After the disappearance of the Mingoes, the place became famously known as MINGO BOTTOM, And was a place of rendezvous for the people of the frontier in * By some historians the inhabitants of the Mingotown are designated as the "vagrant Mingoes." By isolation or separation from the chief part of their nation they may have degenerated to some extent. their expeditions against the Indians. Williamson's men met there in March, 1782, on their way to the Moravian towns on the Tuscarawas, when the unfortunate massacre at Gnadenhutten was committed, and Crawford's army rendezvoused there from the 20th to the 24th of May of the same year, in the disastrous campaign against Sandusky. Both of these are more fully described in the chapters on those subjects. Mingo Bottom became a place of resort by the pioneers for a number of years afterward, Shooting matches were held there, and the place was the frequent scene of the sports of the early settlers. The name of Mingo Bottom is still perpetuated, and it was deemed a favorite place to encamp two of the Ohio regiments of soldiers during the war of the rebellion. The 98th and 126th 0. V. I. were both organized and mustered into service at the camp at Mingo Bottom, and other incidents occurred there to preserve its name in 'history. The name Mingo is used to designate the railroad junction and iron works at the place—it became the favorite name for the island in the river—and it has become a popular word in modern times. " MINGO JUNCTION'" As it is now named, is at present the site of a thrifty and prosperous village, designed for a town in the near future. The location referred to, including the property known as the *Potter's farm, and also the Mean's farm, was purchased, to the extent of six hundred acres, in 1800, by the Rev. Lyman Potter, and his son-in-law, Mr. Jasper Murdock, the former, at the time, being a missionary from the Presbyterian church through Ohio and Pennsylvania. At his death the property was divided into two farms. Mr. Murdock's heirs took the present Means farm, and the deceased Rev. Lyman Potter's son Daniel, remained on the other. The latter, however, died in September, 1869, when his son. Daniel, Jr., at present a lumber merchant in Steubenville, in company with Mr. Abrahams, and Mr. Robert Sherrard, banker, also of Steubenville, were made executors of the estate., These gentlemen, under date of June, 1871, engaged the services of Mr. J. M. Rickey, surveyor, and had the nucleus to a town laid out, consisting of forty-five lots. Mr. Elisha P. Potter next opened up an 'addition of twenty-five lots' during the same month in the following year ; while in December, 1872, Mr. D. Potter and Mr: R. Sherrard, further added a second addition of forty-seven lots—this making a sum total of one hundred and seventeen lots submitted for building upon. It was the fact of a fine iron works being erected at this point that induced the idea of laying out a town, which works run successfully down to 1878, then stood idle for a considerable time, but opened up again brighter than ever in September last, under a new firm, known as the Mingo Iron Works Company. In 1872, a neat frame Presbyterian church was put up, at a cost of $2,500, at which the Rev. S. Forbes at present officiates, while the M. E. Church has also a mission here. A very nice public school was built in 1873, at a cost of $3,000, and is well attended. For several years lots sold freely, and fetched good prices, but in consequence of the recent stoppage of the iron works for some twelve or eighteen months, the real estate market in that locality has been exceedingly inactive—a state of affairs, however, that does not appear likely to continue. Nor should we admit to state that about 1871-2, there was a neat railroad depot erected here, at which there is express and Western Union telegraph agencies, and accommodations for passengers traveling the Cleveland and Pittsburgh or Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis railroads, while the station house is also used for a postoffice, Mr. Robert Turner being in charge of the united departments conducted in the building. The iron works company have a mine in operation' with a shaft 238 feet deep, near the depot, which produces an excellent quality of coal from veins varying from two feet to three feet in thickness. On the Means farm there is also a capital drift mine, hence there is no lack of fuel in the neighborhood. In the village there is a hotel, run by mine host A. Carson' and there are also several stores—including a dry goods and notion house by Mrs. Hirshfield, a grocery and dry goods store by Mr. David Simpson, and groceries * An amusing occurrence took place on this farm anterior to the commencement of the present century. A Mr. Joseph Dorsey, of Brownsville' once owned the land, which he bought on speculation. Having no other use for it, and himself residing in Brownsville, Pennsylvania' he had a crop of corn put in. By the time he thought the crop would be ready to harvest' he came round to see about it, and on going round the land, saw two Vir- ginians, with boat moored by the river bank, busy husking the grain and filling their boat. He was a very large, powerful and athletic man. He very cooly approached them, saying: " Well' is it a good crop?" "Yes," was the reply. " Whose is it?" asked Mr. D. "Oh, it belongs to a fellow called Dorsey, out in Pennsylvania," they said. Mr. D.' simply remarked "Oh!" and walked round till they were through, and then quietly removed his coat, saying " I'm Dorsey, and you'll now crib that corn you have husked, on the ground, or you'll take all I can give you." The corn was cribbed and the "cribbers" left sorry, but wiser men. 528 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. by Mrs. McClusky, P. Goff, &c. In fact, with its railroad and river facilities, an ample supply of coal and abundant excellent water—ready access to Steubenville, and the advantages of a most healthy location, teeming with historical associations, we see every reasonable prospect of this favored spot of centuries ago, yet securing equal popularity in future with that it certainly enjoyed in the past. MINGO ISLAND. Though the records of time, and the present oldest living inhabitants, have little of historical interest to hand down about this once romantic spot, which stands out in the river directly opposite Mingo junction' yet when we assure the reader that from thirty to fifty years ago, it was decked with fine foliaged trees, produced crops of corn and yielded abundant grapes, it will readily be conceived that still earlier it must have been a favored spot of the red skin, as he paddled around it in his bark canoe, in festive sport. , We find it frequently referred to in history as " Mingo Island," though we are assured that for some years after the Rev. L. Potter located on a farm opposite, it was commonly called " Potter's Island." Such a perversion .of its correct name was, however, unwarrentable. It really belongs to Virginia, and since the Hoot tides, and dashing waves from passing steamers, have divested it of everything in the shape, trees, herbage or even sub-soil, leaving only a large sandy shoal —it can furnish little discomfiture to the state of Ohio when she has to admit that " it's none of her concern." BURIAL GROUNDS IN THE TOWNSHIP. It is the privilege of this township to boast of one of the finest cemeteries in the county, just outside the corporation limits of Steubenville, known as the " Union Cemetery," and referred to at length under the head of " Ecclesiastical Records, Burial Grounds, &c.," in our chapter on Steubenville. Outside of this much frequented mortuary we find it is no uncommon thing for farmers to have a private burial ground of their own, set apart on the farms. How far such a primitive custom is desirable or becoming we will not debate, but clearly comprehend that under such auspices the necessity for expensive monuments and tablets is dispensed with, without one's sympathy for departed ones, (in a financial point) being brought into comparison with that of their neighbor. RELICS AND CURIOSITIES. Quite a number of rare geological, mineralogical and anatomical curiosities have been exhumed in this township, Mr. Frank Wells, Mr. Tarr, and numerous other gentlemen possessing rare collections. During the excavation of the foundation at Mingo Iron Works Mr. Kneff's son found several immense bones and teeth, and Miss Kneff also found some extraordinary teeth in George's Run. Mr. Tarr has recovered quite a number of Indian relics on his farm, including pieces of pottery and singular specimens of petrifaction. In the course of our canvass we have been shown endless specimens totally beyond our conception and it would seem that other curiosities are still disclosing themselves regularly. BUSKIRK'S FAMOUS FIGHT. THE LAST FORMIDABLE ENCOUNTER WITH INDIANS IN JEFFERSON COUNTY. For many reasons, probably not the least of which was the fact of this being the last 'fight of any moment with the red skins in Jefferson county, more than ordinary interest has ever been generally taken in this memorable occurrence. Hence no efforts have been spared to collect and compile the following account from the most reliable sources—in number exceeding a dozen or fifteen—that an absolutely faithful record may be preserved in history. During the summer of 1793 depredations on the part of the Indians so increased that it was resolved some decisive measures should be put on foot to hunt them down, and, if possible, impose a lasting castigation on the savage marauders. Instigated in no measured degree by an earnest desire for revenge, Captain Lawson Van Buskirk, whose wife had been barbarously murdered less than a year previously, took the initiative, and experienced little difficulty in enlisting a formidable band of followers, numbering some thirty, all told— many of them being expert scouts, and not a few of them experienced in Indian warfare. Among them were David Cox' two of the Cuppy boys (one named Abraham), John Aidy, John Parker' --- Carpenter, Jake Ross. &c.—and, by the way' we may here remark that Abraham Cuppy was some time afterward killed by Indians near Mt. Pleasant. Now Buskirk was an officer of noble courage and acknowledged efficiency, hence his men placed implicit confidence in his command, and only awaited orders to take up the march. A close scout was instituted for the Indians' trial, when one George Cox, an experienced frontiersman, but not of the party who went out, was the lucky one to get first on the track of the enemy, which he discovered between George's run and the creek, on the Ohio side. He hastily returned to the Virginia side and apprised the newly organized band, but was taken so sick himself that he could not guide them to the spot. With the best information they could glean from George, they proceeded in the direction named, and instituted diligent search, but failed in their mission, continuing to explore hill and dale until they approached what is now known as "Battle Run," a point on the present farm of Mr. Adams about one mile from Mingo. Here they suddenly espied a loth of. "jerk," when Buskirk exclaimed, "Now' boys, look out; there are Indians close." At his request, the main body of them ambuscaded, when he deployed to the right, sending Carpenter to the left to ascertain, the position of the red skins. Suddenly Carpenter espied them in strong force, concealed in a thick cluster of pawpaw and blackberry bushes, just behind Carpenter, when he yelled out " Indians !" and treed, receiving no fewer than five shots through his knapsack while doing so. Buskirk exclaimed " Where ?" and had hardly uttered the word ere a perfect volley was poured forth at the apparently only other one—the captain—whose body was pierced by no fewer than eleven balls' as counted by the father of our informant, and also by John Parker, who was present (an old soldier once in Wayne's army). It need hardly be said that upon the frontier, men observing the spot whence: the smoke issued, those bushes quickly resembled a pepper dredger, and bullets rained like hail for a short time, when the red skins beat a hasty retreat.. Jake Ross being specially athletic, gave one Indian chase along the creek, and coming within range he planted a bullet in red skin's back, from the effects of which his strength so failed him that he knew he must be captured, and rather than submit to the indignity of a scalping he plunged into the creek, beneath the straggling roots of an old tree and a quantity of drift wood that had accumulated round it, from which position no trouble was taken to recover the body. Though sharp as the action proved, while it lasted, none but the gallant Buskirk died on the field, yet the ground appeared, as it were, watered with blood. Three of the whites were wounded, while a much larger number of the Indians were hardly pressed to drag their mangled bodies out of the reach of the scalping knife, as abundantly demonstrated, in after years by farmers in the locality finding several skeletons concealed in the rocks, one of them with a bullet lodged in the hip joint, and the remains of what had been a fire by the side. of it. In fact, were it necessary to particularize such similar finding of bones, we could with ease, place five or six that almost undoubtedly owed the loss of their lives to that sanguinary encounter. It has been circulated freely that Buskirk's body was removed to Wellsburg for interment, but from the most reliable sources we have been assured that he was buried near the spot on which he died, where the grave was kept green for many years, and the noble veteran, like General Sir John Moore, was left "To lay like a warrior' taking his rest' With his martial cloak around him." DEATH OF MRS. LAWSON VAN BUSKIRK. Other accounts notwithstanding, we have it upon the unquestionable testimony of several pioneers, whose respective accounts agree as received from an eye-witness and others connected with the occurrence, at the time, that the estimable lady in question came to her sad end as follows : During the summer of 1792. nearly twelve months prior to her husband's death, a number of Indians came down to the river about where the present ferry is conducted, at the foot of Market street, Steubenville, and crossed to the Virginia side, where they sank their canoes and proceeded on a marauding expedition in the direction of Wellsburg. Arriving not very far distant. from that place, at a small bridge crossing what is known as Painter's creek, they met Mr. Buskirk on horseback, on her way to Wash- HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 529 ington county to get some weaving done. She no sooner caught sight of them than she endeavored to turn her horse quickly to gallop back, but as the animal stumbled, she received a sprained ankle by being thrown, and ere she could recover her seat, was surrounded and taken prisoner. They proceeded hack with her Tong the ridge, in the direction of the spot where they had sunk their canoes. A man named White, with two other followers, ascertaining the fact, lost no time in hurrying along the shore to the spot already indicated opposite Steubenville, where they felt assured they would cross, intending, it possible, to re-capture her. Arriving at the scene, they ambushed till the red skins, came down, being concealed in the rocks. But alas! on their arrival they were ft and far too numerous to admit of any hope of access, and they remained almost breathlessly silent, as they watched the Indians raise their canoes. By this time another may who had followed swiftly on their trail along the ridge love in sight, when the savages threw the poor woman on to a huge stone, now known as "Town Rock," and tomahawked her to death, leaving the body a mangled mass as they narrowly escaped with their lives across the river. Directly White and his associates saw them hurriedly flee' they had their suspicions that others were on the scout, and came from their hiding place, when he two parties viewed the sad scene and immediately joined in pursuit, crossing at what is called "Wall's Riffle," where they had 10 alternative but to wade the river, but were unable to obtain revenge. How far the following may be true, we are unable to say, but an opinion is freely entertained that the body of the unfortunate lady was subsequently taken back to Wellshurg for interment. STEUBENVILLE TOWNSHIP BIOGRAPHIES. HENRY ADAMS.—The father of the subject, of this sketch, George Adams, was born in Maryland, in 1772, and came to Fayette county, Pennsylvania, with his father when quite young. Here he grew to manhood, or until he was seventeen years of age, when he volunteered as a soldier in Gen. Wayne's expedition against the Indians. He served for three years. He helped to build Fort Recovery, and was stationed there for quite a while, was there at the death of Gen. McMahon. At the close of the war he returned to his home where he remained until about 1796, when he settled on section 32, in this township,. where he remained until his death in 1856. His wife, Miss Rhoda Nottingham, was born in 1779. They reared a family of eight children, all of whom are dead but three. Our subject was the fifth son of George Adams, and was born in 1811, on the farm he now owns, and where he has always lived: Was married in 1848, and has reared a family of seven children. Was in the River Trade for about twenty years, making 49 trips to New Orleans Quit the river in 1850 and since then has boon engaged in farming and stock raising. ISAAC LINDUFF, was born in Cross Creek township, November 6, 1836, where most of his life has been spent. Was married April 15, 1860, and has reared a family of five children. He was a member of Company I, 53d Regiment O. V. I. Enlisted November 26, 1861, for three years, but was discharged by reason of re-enlistment as a veteran, January 1, 1864. Was discharged December 31, 1864, by reason of wounds received on July 22, 1864, before Atlanta, Georgia. Was First Sergeant of his company. Was wounded by a minnie ball, just below the left eye. MICHAEL WHITAKER was born June 7, 1853, in Jefferson county, Ohio, where he has always lived. Was married May 13, 1874. Has been connected with the Union Cemetery with his father. September 1, 1878, ho was appointed superintendent in in his father's stead. GEORGE H. CURRY was born in August, 1843, in Jefferson county, but shortly after his parents moved to Brooke county, West Virginia, where he grew to manhood. He was married in 1663 and has a family of three children. By profession he is a dentist, but he is now engaged in farming and gardening. JOHN F. MURPHY was born in the state of New York, but came with his parents to Jefferson county when about one year of age, and since then his life has mostly been spent in this county. He was a member of company A, 25th regiment O. V. I.; enlisted March 7, 1864, and served until after the close of 67—B. dc J. Cos. the war. This company was formed in Belmont county, Ohio. He was married in 1870. In 1873 he commenced the manufacture of cigars, in which he is now operating, and produces about 250,000 cigars annually. His factory is No. 533. JOHN HOLROYD was born in Trumbull county, O., in August, 1826, and came to Jefferson county in 1834, where ho has ever since lived ; followed steamboating on the Ohio river for nearly twenty years ; is a cooper by trade ; was mart ied July 3, 1851, and has reared a family of ten children, four sons and six daughters. J. B. MOONEY was born in Ireland in 1820, where he grew to manhood ; left Dublin, Ireland, May 28,1847, and came to New York city, where he lived for five years; came to Jefferson county in 1852' where he has since lived ; was married February 28, 1861, and has reared a family of five sons. ALEXANDER WALKER was born April 7, 1832, in Jefferson county, on the farm where he now lives, and where his father, John Walker, first settled. Alexander was married in 1834, to Miss Workman, of Jefferson, by whom he reared a family of ten children, all living. His father was one of the first settlers of this county. ALBERT W. CONNELL was born in Jefferson county, on the farm where he now lives, July 6, 1850 ; was married in December, 1876. W. H. CONNELL, the father of Albert W., came to Jefferson county with his father, William, in 1808. William was drowned in 1810. He had a family of eight children. W. H. reared a family of five children. Ho died in 1871, in his sixty-fifth year. ROBERT CONNELL was born in Jefferson county. A.t the opening of the civil rebellion he enlisted as a member of the 52d regiment 0. V. I., in August, 1861, and died at Nashville, from disease, February 16, 1862. WILLIAM ROE was born in Jefferson county in 1849, where he has always lived. Was married in 1873. Received just a common school education. Was a member of Company B, 52d regiment 0. V.. I., in the three years service. Enlisted August. 17, 1862, and was discharged with company June 20, 1865, at close of the war. Received a flesh wound at Atlanta, Georgia. JOHN MOORE, a native of Ireland, came to Jefferson county in 1803' and settled in Cross Creek township, where he remained until his death. He reared a family of three children. WILLIAM MOORE, the oldest son of John Moore, was born in Ireland, in 1798, and came to this country with his father in 1805, where he grew to manhood and spent the greater part of his life. He married Miss Marian Oliver in 1821, and reared a family of nine children, all of whom are living but one. Ho died in 1842, John Moore, Jr., O. C. Moore and William Moore, sons of William Moore, Sr., were members of the 151st Ohio National Guard, and served about four months. Henry Mone was a member of Company E, 162d regiment, O. V. I. Enlisted in November, 1861, and was out about two years, when he was taken sick, and came home, only to die. JAMES C. MOORE was a member of Company B, 52d regiment, 0. V. I. Enlisted September, 1862, and served till close of the war. BARTLY MOORE was a member of Company E, 52d regiment, 0. V. I. Enlisted September, 1862, and was discharged at the close of the war. Thus it will be seen that all of the Moore brothers responded to their country's call. JOHN SCOTT was born in Fayette county, Pa., and when he was quite small his father removed to Washington county, Pa., where he grew to manhood. Came to Jefferson county in 1812, and settled upon the farm where his sons, Charles and John W,, now live and there spent the balance of his life. Bought land from Hans Wilson. a merchant of Steubenville-125 acres, Was a cooper by trade and for several years after his settlement ho worked at his trade, but the latter part of his life was devoted to farming. He was married in 1811, before leaving Washington county, Pa., and reared a family of ten children, all of whom are dead but four. He was a strict member of the M. P. Church. Ho died in Sept., 1864. 530 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. JOHN LOYD, Sr., was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in 1782, where he remained till coming to Jefferson county in 1806, where he settled on the farm now owned by his son' John. He married a daughter of John Miller, Miss Mary, in 1809, and bought his farm from Mr. J. Miller about 1812. He reared a family of six children of whom only two are now living. He was a member of the Baptist church. He died in 1857, in the 75th year of his age. JOHN LOYD, JR., son of John Loyd, Sr., was born in 1817, on the farm where he now lives and where he has always lived. He was married in 1840' and has raised a family of ten children, all of whom are living. JAMES WILSON was born January 23, 1843, in Jefferson county, where he grew. to manhood or until he went to the army. He went out at the first call with Capt. D, Cable in the three months' service. He enlisted April 22, 1861, and was discharged August 23, 1861. Re-enlisted in the spring of 1862, in Company G., 30th regiment, O. V. 1., and served until his death, February 18, 1863, at Gayaso hospital, of consumption, at the age of twenty years. JOHN WILSON was born in county Down, Ireland', in the year 1808, and emigrated to America when he was about ten years of age, in company with his mother, sisters and brothers, and settled in Steubenville township, on the farm now owned by the Wilson heirs. His father died previous to the family leaving Ireland. His mother died at the age of forty-eight years. Our' subject was married to Miss Susannah Loyd, April 25, 1842, and they reared a family of four children, all boys, two of whom are deceased. John Wilson died in 1851 ; his wife died in 1850, May 19th. HENRY WILSON was born September 10, 1846; was married to Miss E. Adams, daughter of Henry Adams, November 28, 1878. JAMES HILL, residing at "Walnut Hill" farm, is a son of the late Robert Hill, who came from Pennsylvania to this county in 1806 and died in 1845. The old gentleman located on the farm at present occupied by our subject, and conducted by his son. Our subject is a native of Jefferson county, was born in 1809, and succeeded to the old farmstead and still resides there. Our subject was married in 1838 to Maria, daughter of Benjamin Kneff, of Mingo Bottom, who came here about 1811, from Franklin county, Pa. Their son, Benjamin, at present residing at home, takes charge of the farm ; while they have an accomplished daughter, Miss Rose Hill, who also lives at home, though they had a larger family of whom the balance are scattered. The late Joseph W. Hill, brother to our subject, born 1817, and who died in 1877, was married to Miss Mary Ann Sherrard, and resided adjoining the old family farmstead, where his widow still lives. A sister of our subject, born in 1799, and who came here with her father in 1806, was married in 1817 to James S. Irwin, who died in 1850, and the old lady still lives hale and hearty, having had a family of sixteen children, and never experienced a day's sickness in her life beyond such incidental to her increasing family. 'Mr. James Hill's farm is one of the most desirable and well cultivated in the county, and presents all the attractions of the most desirable country residence. MOUNT PLEASANT TOWNSHIP. Was organized March 3, 1807, from Short Creek township. This township is high rolling land with an almost inexhaustible limestone soil that produces well all kinds of grain and grass. It is underlaid with the coal strata of this part of the state. This coal is almost exclusively used both for domestic and mechanical purposes. The sample articles of revenue to the farmers in the earlier years were wheat, which was manufactured into flour and shipped down the river to New Orleans and intermediate towns for a market, and pork which was made into bacon and sent in wagons over the mountains to Baltimore, Richmond and other points for a market. For the manufacture of flour, mills were erected at every available spot along Short creek ; no less than twenty-three mills were at one time in operation along that little stream. But changes in the methods of transportation by railroads, have brought changes in the agricultural pursuits in different sections of the country. In this locality wool growing and stock raising have largely taken the place of grain growing, and the mills have mostly disappeared from the creeks. EARLY SETTLERS. it is probable that Robert Carothers and Jesse Thomas were the first settlers in Mount Pleasant township. They came from Pennsylvania and settled the land on which the village now stands in 1796-Carothers on the eastern part and Thom:' nn the western side. They together laid off the village on this land in 1804. Adam Dunlap also came in 1796, settled on the land now owned by John Weatherton, east of the village. Col. McCune came in 1798, and settled about three and a half miles southeast. This property is now owned by John Weatherson. John Tygart came also in 1798, and settled on adjoining land to McCune. It is now the property of John Parke and Isaac Radcliff. Col. Joseph McKee came about the same time, and settled northeast of Col. McCune, on the farm now owned by Richard Hope. William Finney and Adam Dunlap about 1798 or 1799 ; settled between Robinson and Dunlap. Aaron Schemerhorn now owns the Finney farm, and Sarah E. Jenkins the Dunlap farm. David Robinson settled in 1798 or '99 on the land now owned by William Bowles and Elnathan Pettitt. John Pollock settled in 1798, on Irish Ridge, one mile east of town, on the land now owned by Hon J. T. Updegraff. William Chambers came in 1799, and settled on the Pollock section. The farm is now owned by Mr. Lazier. Benjamin Scott came from Ireland to Washington county, Pa.' and from there to Mount Pleasant, where he settled 1798. He settled where the town stands, and kept the first hotel in the place. Jonathan Taylor came in the spring of 1800. and settled near Trenton, on the farm now owned by D. B. Updegraff. Joseph Dew came from North Carolina July 6th, 1800, and settled in what is now the western part of the village. The property belongs to Joseph Walker. John Hurford came about 1800, and settled about four miles west of Mt. Pleasant. Robert Smith now owns the farm. Robert Blackledge came from Washington county, Pa., in 1801, and located one and a half miles west of the village. His farm is now owned by Mary Michener. James Jesse and Aaron Kinsey came in 1802-settled one mile west of Trenton. Amasa Lipsey, from North Carolina, settled about half a mile west of Mount Pleasant, near where the Friends meeting house at Short Creek stands, in 1800. He remained on this farm until 18.53, when he sold it to Samuel Griffith, to whose heirs it still belongs. Jeremiah Patterson, from North Carolina, settled in 1805, 1 ½ miles west of Mt. Pleasant. The farm is now the home of his grandson, Asahel H. Patterson. In 1802 Mahlon Patterson came with his parents, Jeremiah and Faith Patterson, and settled on the land now owned by his son, Mahlon Patterson. Aaron Thompson came from Chester county, Pa., in 1802 or '3 and located some three and and a half miles northwest of Mt. Pleasant. The old homestead is now owned by his son, John Thompson. David McMasters came from Virginia, and settled in the village in 1810. He was a Methodist minister, and resided in the first house ever built in that place. It was a log cabin, and stood on the lot now occupied by Thomas Horton's store, but a little east of it. Elisha Harris came from North Carolina, and located in Mt. Pleasant, July 6, 1804. He settled at the west side of the village. His son, Enoch, then a young man, came with him. They soon became prominently identified with the early business interests of the place. Enoch brought with him apple seeds from North Carolina, which he planted, and therefrom grew the trees that made the first orchard in the township. This orchard was immediately south of the residence of William Humphreyville. The land on which it grew now belongs to Joseph Walker. The orchard is now cut down and cleared away. NATHAN UPDEGRAFF. Nathan Updegraff was a native of York county' Pa., but came to Ohio, with his wife, Ann Updegraff, in 1802, from Winches- HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 531 ter, Va., and settled on Short creek, some two and a half miles northeast of where Mount Pleasant now stands. On this creek he built the first mill in Mount Pleasant township. The old mill still stands, but a new stone building has since been erected near it. He also started a paper mill and for many years manufactured paper, but finally it was converted into a flouring mill, and while thus used it was burnt down in 1866 or 1867. Its place, however, was soon supplied by a new stone building, which is now owned by John L. Barkhurst, who is doing a successful milling business. The business enterprise and energy of Mr. Updegraff, was of incalculable benefit to the community in opening up and developing the resources of this new section. He vas a member of the constitutional convention that met in Chillicothe in 1802' to frame a constitution for the new state of Ohio. He was one of the earliest and foremost of the Friends in Short creek Monthly meeting, and was for a long time its clerk. His family of children was large and most respectable' and their descendants are to be found in many states of the Union. DANIEL UPDEGRAFF, Son of Nathan Updegraff, was born in Virginia in 1789, and came with his parents to Ohio' when he was a lad. He was married in 1812, to Rebecca Taylor' only child of Jonathan and Ann Taylor. By this union they reared eight children, but three of whom now survive, viz: Mrs. Sarah E. Jenkins' widow of the late Prof. G. K. Jenkins, A. M. Hon J. T. Updegraff, now member of Congress, and D. B. Updegraff, the revivalist minister of the Friends' church, all of whom with their families, live in Mount Pleasant. Mrs. Mendenhall, wife of the Hon. C. Mendenhall and Mrs. Cattell, wife of Hon. I. D. Cattell, were also sisters, but both deceased some years ago. David Updegraff, some time after his marriage, removed to Smithfield township and located where the village of York now stands, which he laid out in 1815. In 1823, he removed with his family to his late residence, one mile west of Mount Pleasant, where he spent the remainder of his life. He was a man of eminent ability and probity of character in his various business engagements of life and responsible financial trusts. He was an esteemed elder in the church, and his second judgment clear convictions and executive abilities were of incalculable service to it. He was not a man of many words, and was most unassuming in his deportment. He early espoused the cause of the oppressed, and was one of the first outspoken anti-slavery men in the land, and voted with the first liberty party from conscientious convictions of duty. Beloved by his friends, honored by the church and highly respected by all who knew him, ho lived to the good old age of seventy-six. Ho died in Dec., 1864. His wife, Rebecca T. Updegraff, was born in Loudon county, v in 1790, and was a minister of the gospel for fifty years, and as such was widely known' having traveled on missions among Friends in every part of the Union. She was a woman of superior abilities, remarkable amiability and attractivencss of person and eminently devoted to the services of the christian cause. She survived her husband nearly four years. SCHOOLS OF MOUNT PLEASANT TOWNSHIP. There are in this township four sub-districts for white and one for colored children, besides the union school in the village, and two fractional districts, one attached to Smithfield and the other to Warren township. The whole enumeration of youth of school age, for 1878, was 216; of these 31 were 'colored. In 1850 a bachelor gentleman, named Rix Patterson, died, and by his will left a bequest of $5,012.17 'to be invested as a permanent fund, to remain forever' the yearly interest of which was to be applied to the support of the common schools of the township. This fund is managed by a duly appointed trustee. The schools of the township are in a high state of efficiency. MOUNT PLEASANT VILLAGE. The village of Mount Pleasant was laid out in 1804, by Robt. Carothers and Jesse Thomas, the eastern part being on the land ef Carothers and the western part on the lands of Thomas. For the first few years its growth was slow, only a few log cabins being built, but during the war of 1812, it began to advance rapidly for those days ; business and manufacturing establishments sprung up on every side. A bank was incorporated with a cap- I—67—B. & J. Cos. ital of $50,000, that managed its business honorably and successfully and promoted the general prosperity of the place. There have been three additions made to the village since it was laid out in 1804. First, by Caleb Dilworth; second, by Enoch Harris ; third, by Israel French. FIRST BUSINESS HOUSES IN MOUNT PLEASANT. STORES. The first store in the town was probably started by Enoch Harris in 1804. It was in a small log building at the west end of Main street' near where Alexander D. Humphreyville's cabinet shop is situated. The house has long since been removed and the property is now owned by Joseph Walker. The second store was started by Joseph Gill in 1806, It was located between Chambers' tin shop and the drug store. Mr. Gill was an enterprising, energetic business man, who besides carrying on the mercantile trade, ran a tannery, packed pork, farmed extensively and dealt largely in wild lands. His enterprise aided greatly in developing the resources and business of the community. This old property now belongs to Frank Mitchell. The third store was started by John Hogg in 1812. Mr. Hogg was a man possessed of greqt business abilities, and besides conducting a large mercantile establishment, he packed pork on a large scale, carried on a tannery and harness shop, &c. The property now belongs to his daughter, Mrs. Fogle. HOTELS. The first tavern was opened by Benjamin Scott in 1806. It stood opposite the Burriss House. The building has boon long since removed and no other taken its place. The property now belongs to Charles McGonigal. About the same time a Mr. Buchanan started another tavern in the building now occupied by David N. Milner as a harness shop. The bar-room is ot hewed logs and is the part now used by Mr. Milner for his shop. In this room soldiers were enlisted and their bounties paid them in the war of 1812. The cupboard in which the bottles of liquors were kept is there yet, with the shelves and wooden doors, just as they were in 1812. It afterwards became the practice of hotel keepers to have glass doors to their liquor cupboards, perhaps that the bottles with their tempting contents might be in sight to sharpen the desire to taste. It was, however' not so with this. PHYSICIANS. The first physician was Dr. William Hamilton and the second one Dr. Isaac Parker. BANKS. The first banking institution was established in 1816, and called the Mount Pleasant Bank. Joseph Gill was president and Lewis Walker cashier. Enoch Harris sometime afterwards succeeded Mr. Walker as Cashier. This institution carried on a successful banking business until 1846, when it decided to wind up its business, and measures taken to that end; and by 1850 its affairs were all honorably settled. Its capital stock was $100,000, and Mr. Gill continued as its president from its commencement to its close. MOUNT PLEASANT BRANCH OF THE STATE BANK OF OHIO. This institution was organized in 1818, with a capital of $100,000. John Watkins was the first president, James U. Gill, member of the board of control, and Jonathan Binns, cashier. Mr. Watkins died in 1855, and was succeeded by John Hogg as president' who served as such until 1856' when by reason of ill health' he was succeeded by James H. Gill. Mr. Gill served until 1859, and was succeeded hy Joseph Cope.. Mr. Binns served the bank as cashier during the whole period of its existence. After the passage by Congress of the National Banking Law, this bank ceased its general banking operations, and in 1865, adopted measures to close up its affairs, which is to be finally completed January 1, 1880. 532 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. FIRST NATIONAL BANK. This bank was organized in 1866, with a capital of $175,000. The establishing of this institution immediately after the decision to close up the affairs of the Branch Bank, leaves no doubt that this was only a reorganization of that establishment on a basis to meet the requirements of the National banking law just passed by Congress. William Price was chosen president, and Jonathan Binns, cashier. In 1872, Dr. J. T. Updegraff succeeded Mr. Price as president, arid Isaac K. Radcliff succeeded Mr. Binns as cashier' which position he still holds. In 1877, Dr. Updegraff resigned his position as president' and was succeeded by James H. Gill, who still retains the place. All these banking institutions were under Quaker management, and honorably and successfully conducted the whole period of existence, a well merited tribute to the integrity and skill of that people in financial affairs. BUSINESS HOUSES. Mount Pleasant in 1879 contains 4 dry goods stores, 5 grocery stores, 1 drug store, 3 dress maker shops' 3 milliner stores, 1 hotel, 1 harness shop, 4 shoe maker shops, 3 blacksmith shops, 1 flouring mill, 5 churches, 1 cabinet and undertaker's shop. THE SILK FACTORY OF MT. PLEASANT. In 1811, about the time when the morus multicaulis fever prevailed, the highest in this vicinity, a Mr. Thomas White, an itinerant dentist, contemplating silk culture, received permission from John W. Gill, Esq., an extensive land owner, residing in the village of Mt. Pleasant, to set out a mulberry orchard, containing twenty-five acres. As soon as the trees were large enough attention was turned to the propagation of silk worms, In 1842 Mr. gill erected a frame building for a cocoonery. This building was 1.8x40, and two stories high. A small brick, 20x30, which had been built some time prior, was also brought into requisition for the same purpose. In these houses the silk worm was hatched, nursed and allowed to spin its cocoons. INTERIOR STRUCTURE. In the interior of these cocooneries were found shelves about two feet apart along the walls, and reaching from the floor to the ceiling. The shelves were made by stretching reticulated cotton goods over wooden frames, which resembled a mosquito bar. The arrangement was such that these shelves could be slid back or forth, or removed from their places at pleasure. After the silk worm had grown to be about one half inch in length they were laid on these stretchers and led on the leaves of the mulberry, which were thrown or spread out over them for their consumption. The eggs were purchased in France. The silk worm is a fast breeder, generating twice a year. It was customary to allow those that first appeared in the season to lay their eggs. With regular temperature of heat, the eggs, if undisturbed, will bring forth their kind. As soon as the proper time arrived they would be placed on these shelves as above described. When fully matured they instinctively climb for the purpose of spinning cocoons, in which, if left alone, they undergo the pupa or chysalis change. At this particular season they were carefully watched, and as soon as a disposition of spinning was evinced, oak branches were thrown in upon the shelves. Upon these limbs they spun their cocoons. With five days spinning by them they would completely encase themselves. HOW REELED. As soon as they had finished their cocoons they were picked from the branches and deposited within a kettle containing boiling water. This process is followed for the purpose of killing or destroying the larvae. After this there is picked from these what is called the floss, which was done by hand, and then they were ready for reeling. There were two copper .kettles, one placed within the other. The outside kettle being filled with steam, and the other containing hot soft water, occasioned by the steam surrounding its outer surface. These cocoons were then again inserted into the kettle and stirred about with a small broom' and in this manner they were enabled to secure the threads and draw them from the vessel to the reel. Great skill and care was necessarily exercised to make the threads even. When it had been reeled and dried it was then ready for winding on spools, after that was accomplished it underwent the double and twisted process, from three to five strands together. In this condition, or at this stage of the work, it was ready for weaving into silk handkerchiefs, and was what is styled the raw silk. Silk noils were made from the floss into the article known as the knickerbocker woolens. THE STYLES OF SILKS MADE AT THE FACTORY. Silk velvet, hat flush, dress silks of various colors, ribbons and figured silks were woven here. The first figured silk made in the United States was manufactured in this establishment, "DRAW-BOY LOOM." These silks were woven by the old process, known as the "Draw-Boy Loom," the Jacquard loom not having been introduced as yet into this country. The first pattern made was the buckeye-burr, the color being a light buff. The figures in the piece were woven about an inch apart and a quarter of an inch in diameter. Henry Clay, who was the Whig candidate for President in 1844, received a vest pattern off this very piece, from John Gill. It is also said that the voters of this factory during that election all voted the Whig ticket printed on white silk manufactured in the establishment. DESCRIPTION OF L0031 AND WEAVING. The loom was three yards long and one yard wide, and was operated in the following manner :—By cords passing overhead from the peddle to a frame at the side of the loom, where the shed was made by a boy drawing the cords in regular succession. There were seventy-eight cords, which kept the draw-boy busy whilst the weaver threw the shuttle. They usually wove three yards' then stopped to clean off the warp or chain ; the weavers styled this "picking the parry." it was a season highly enjoyed by the draw-boys, who were relieved from their work for about an hour, and were permitted to recreate, amusing themselves by turning somersaults' wrestling, etc., while the weavers were engaged in cleaning the chain. In this way the figured silk was manufactured. VELVET SILK. The loom upon which the velvet was woven resembled the one above described, differing only in gearing. The warp used for silk was cotton, and immediately above the cotton chain was a silk warp. A brass wire was introduced between the silk and the cotton warp, after which four picks were thrown in to bind the cotton and silk chains. This process was repeated until three small wires had been thus introduced then a thumb gauge knife was placed against the last wire inserted, so that the knife would rest on the centre of the first wire, after which it was drawn across the same' cutting the chain, and the wire pulled out. So in this way the process was continued until the warp was all consumed. The silk ends protruding from the cotton warp forms the fine plush found on the velvet. HAT PLUSH Is woven in the same manner as the velvet, with the exception of the use of heavier wires. RIBBONS. The ribbon looms then in use at this factory were nearly the same as the present style. The operation of them at that time was made entirely by hand ; since, steam has been applied. The loom was built nearly square. Eight distinct warps, in the same loom; the shuttles, which also numbered eight, were all thrown at the same operation with but one weaver. The shuttle more resembled the shape of a sunfish than anything else. CONCLUSION. The building used for the factory had been erected in the first place for a "salt house" for salting pork and stowing the same away. It was built by John W. Gill' who used it for that purpose several ycars prior to the morus multicaulis fever taken by himself and Thomas White. In the year heretofore mentioned it was converted into a silk factory. All the machinery for manufacturing the silk was made in the establishment. Throe weavers were constantly employed and sometimes four. About twenty laborers, male and female, found employment hero. John Fox, Jr., was foreman. In the fall of 1846 the factory was removed to Wheeling, and the silk culture excitement died out at Mount Pleasant. In a conversation with Mr. A. C. Hogue, the author obtained the above information. HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 533 NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. There have been at various times several enterprises set on foot for the establishment and publication of newspapers and periodicals of one kind or other, which have been started here. but after a period of existence more or less brief, they have all ceased to exist, and no periodical has been published here for many years. From the want of care in preserving files of these papers, but a very imperfect history of their duration and the object of their mission can be obtained at this late day. The first newspaper published here was the Philanthropist' a weekly, small quarto size of eight pages, issued every Saturday at $3.00 a year. It was printed by Charles Osborne and devoted to the news of the day and the discussion of subjects of moral ethics. The first number made its appearance September 8' 1817. Mr. Osborne continued the paper until October 8,1818, when he sold the establishment to Elisha Bates, who continued it under the same. title, but reduced it from a quarto to an octavo of sixteen pages. Mr. Bates issued his first number December 11, 1818, and published it till April 27, 1822, when it suspended. In 1821 Benjamin Lundy published the Genius of Universal Emancipation. The paper was printed at Steubenville' and Mr. Lundy traveled on foot from Mt. Pleasant with his manuscript and returned with his printed paper. He continued it several months and removed it to Jonesboro, Tenn. This was the first genuine abolition paper in the United States. The Village Banner was published in 1835, one year, but none of the files remain. In 1837-3 a paper was published by Elisha Bates' devoted to moral and religious subjects, but it has shared the fate of most ef the others, its very name being forgotten. Still later, the Life Boat was published by John B. Wolf. It was a strong temperance paper. Besides these, there appears to have been several other periodicals published at various times. On the 16th of September, 1822, Howard issued the first number of the Juvenile Museum, a semi-monthly magazine of eight Pages, devoted to the entertainment and instruction of youth. With the eleventh number it was changed from a semi-monthly of eight pages to a monthly of sixteen pages. In the number for September 27, 1823, appears the editor's valedictory and the publication ceased. Then there was published from July, 1827, to perhaps 1831 or 1832, the Miscellaneous Repository, by Elisha Bates, a monthly periodical devoted to moral and religious subjects. Besides the periodical literature aforesaid, the press of the village sent forth a considerable number of books, among which may be found Barton's Poems' a 12 mo. vol., Mount Pleasant, 1823 ; The Juvenile Expositor, or Child's Dictionary, by Elisha Bates; square 12 mo., Mount Pleasant, 1823 ; Sacred or the Historical Part of the Holy Scripture of the Old and New Testaments; by Thomas Elwood, 2 vols., 8 vo. shp., Mount Pleasant, 1854, together with many other books. THE POSTOFFICE—POSTMASTERS. The Postoffice Department at Washington established a post-office at Mount Pleasant, April 1, 1813, and the following is a complete list of the postmasters, who have served as such from that time down to 1879, with dates of their appointments : April 1, 1813—James Judkins. December 29, 1823—William Judkins. September 25, 1825—Samuel Steer. March 1, 1828—John Watson. April 12, 1837—Amos Jones. November 1, 1853—David Chambers. August 22, 1861—Robert W. Chambers. March 23, 1869—Miss Harriet Atkinson. December 19, 1870—Robert W. Chambers. LEADING BUSINESS HOUSES IN MOUNT PLEASANT. THOMAS HORTON.—This establishment keeps a general assortment of family groceries, dry goods, &c. H. HEBERLING.—This house keeps a general assortment of dry goods, groceries, boots and shoes. DR. C. SCHOOLEY, practices medicine in all its branches. DR. JAMES E. FINLEY, is a general practicing physician. A. M. WITHROW, dentist, is prepared to do all the duties of his profession. ALEXANDER D. HUMPHREYVILLE, cabinet maker and undertaker, attends to all business in his line. WILLIAM GLASS carries on the blacksmithing business in all its branches. R. W. CHAMBERS keeps a general assortment of drugs and medicines. F. M. HEATON, boot and shoemaker, attends to all branches of business in this line. T. J. EVANS. of Trenton, carries on the coach-making busi- ness in all its branches. H. ELBERT carries on the boot and shoe-making business in all its branches. MOUNT PLEASANT UNION SCHOOL. The school house is a substantial two-story brick building—main part 60x30 and wing back 36x30. It contains four school rooms, two 36x30 and two 30x24. It was built in 1867 at a cost of $1,100. In 1861, the school was organized upon the “graded system,” and a course of study adopted embracing besides the primary branches' philosophy' physical geography, natural philosophy, chemistry, higher arithmetic, algebra' geometry and Latin grammar. Up to the present time forty-five pupils have graduated. The attendance has been from 140 to 180, including 30 to forty non-resident pupils. There are four departments, and three grades in each, requiring years to complete the course of study. The present members of the school board are Hon. J. T. Updegraff, William Reid and S. T. Mercer Since 1868, the school has been under the charge of its present principals, Messrs. White. The school has been both aggressive and progressive. FRIENDS BOARDING SCHOOL, MT. PLEASANT. The Ohio Yearly Meeting of Friends was established in the year 1813. Soon after its formation it began to move toward the founding of a boarding school for tho complete education of the children of her people. In the year 1816 the Yearly Meeting appointed the following ten persons as a committee to receive contributions for that purpose: Abel Knight, Jonathan Taylor, Nathan Updegraff, Isaac Parker, William Herald, David Brown, Emmor Bailey, James Paty' Richard Barrett and George Shugart. Some of the good friends opposing the creation of such a school on the ground that it might foster pride and beget slothfulness, that matter reached no definite conclusion until the Yearly Meeting of 1824. That meeting being informed that Thomas Botch had bequeathed the sum of five thousand dollars for that express purpose were so refreshed by that information that it gave renewed action to the measure by appointing a committee to receive the money so bequeathed from the executors. But the .disturbing influence of the Elias Hicks defection so interfering with the stability of the membership everything remained unarranged until 1831. When the committee above mentioned being informed that "many friends" of other Yearly Meetings had expressed a lively interest in the erection of such an institution, and had subscribed considerable money for that purpose, reported these facts to the yearly meeting of that year. That Yearly Meeting accordingly appointed a joint committee to receive and solicit subscription of funds, to select and purchase a site for such school house near Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, and to prepare and report a plan of such building. That committee consisted of forty-one members. It found that six thousand nine hundred and twenty-seven dollars bad been subscribed already, and large amounts were promised by other friends in New England, England, and at many other places. It made its first purchase of land for school house site of Dr. William. Hamilton in 1832, consisting of sixty-four acres at $42 per acre, and situate near Mt. Pleasant, Jefferson county, O. At the Yearly Meeting of 1832 the committee reported that in their opinion the boarding school house should be a finishing school for the youth of both sexes ; that two departments should be built so that the sexes should be entirely distinct and separate from each other ; that to secure these ends the building should consist of a centre house for family uses, and other purposes of a general nature, and a wing on each side for school, lodging and dining rooms for teachers and scholars of the two sexes. It also reported that friends in New England had promised considerable moneys ; that others in England had subscribed $2,000 if the erection of the school house was proceeded with, and other moneys with which to begin a library. The Y. M. referred the whole subject to meeting on "sufferings." That meeting ordered the committee to proceed with the building. 534 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. The contract for the erection of "Boarding School House" was made by and between .Benjamin Wright, David Updegraff and others, committee, and Abel Townsend, contractor, at a cost of ten thousand dollars. The house as put up was AS follows: Centre building, 40 feet front by 46 feet back ; a wing at each side of centre building 36 feet front by 32 feet back; the centre building three stories high, besides basement; the wings each two stories high, besides basement; a belfry on the top of centre building at rear, with a walk around the top of centre building. The house was completed in 1836, and on the 23d day of the first month, January, 1837, first school opened in it for reception of pupils. First superintendent was Daniel Williams; first matron, his wife Elizabeth. The teachers in male department were Robert S. Holloway and George K. Jenkins; female detpartment, Abby Holloway, wife of Robert, and Abigail Flannel.. All of these teachers were residents of Mt. Pleasant. Susan Judkins was cook, and her husband, James, was janitor; Amy Ray assisted Susan. Betsey Bundy, a colored woman, did the washing; Esther Osborn did the ironing, and Tacy Wilson was nurse. The total cost of site, building and fifteen other acres of land between the school farm and yearly meeting lot was $21,827.49. The year was divided at first into two school session of twenty-four weeks each, but in the process of time several changes were made in the arrangement of the sessions of the school year. The first school session had one hundred and twenty pupils at $68 per annum, but the receipts were less than the expenses by the sum of $280.28, or $3.30 per scholar. In 1838, Lewis Carey was first governor of the institution. Teachers: George K. Jenkins, Parrin Wright, Abby Planner and Susan M. Thomas. Excess of expenses that year, $794.61 ; average attendance of pupils, sixty-nine. For three or four years the expenditures exceeded the incomes of the institution, but after that paid handsomely. At first the cooking was done with old-fashioned instruments—Dutch ovens, frying pans, bake ovens, skillets, reflect, ors and pots swung on cranes at spacious open fire places—cooking stoves, ranges and the trumpery, of modern culinary arrangements were then unknown. Of course everything advanced with the so-called progress of the times. For some time after the boarding school had opened, the teachers and pupils attended Short creek meeting, but during the year permit meetings were allowed at the institution on the first and 5th days by the Short creek monthly and afterwards sanctioned by the yearly meeting, and ever after continued. In 1838, Louis Taber of Vermont, was employed as teacher and lecturer. He taught from one to two hours a day and lectured twice a week. He continued to be employed in that capacity for several winters. G. G. and J. M. Plummer succeeded Williams and wife as sutperintendent and matron and they were followed in 1842, by Benjamin and Mary Hoyle, who remained until the spring of 1847. In 1854, occurred another disruption among the orthodox Friends that divided them into what is known as the Gurney and Wilbur parties. By some means the Wilbur party retained control of the boarding school, which they held until the supreme court of Ohio settled the title in favor of the Gurney division, which immediately set about making extensive repairs preparatory to starting the school again. After expending $3,566.22 work was suspended for the winter, but on the night of January 17, 1875, the entire building was consumed by fire and it has not yet been rebuilt, though such a scheme is in contemplation. HISTORY OF THE TEMPERANCE CAUSE IN MOUNT PLEASANT. The first society was organized in 1855, with a pledge to drink no alcoholic or distilled liquors' but permitting the use of fermented liquors, and known as the " half way " society. The first socicty on the principle of total abstinence from all intoxicating liquors' was organized in the year 1837. In 1840, the Sons of Temperance were organized by Isaac McDonald and E. H. Worthington, of Steubenville. In the same year the Martha Washington society was formed. There is still in possession of D. N. Nulner a silk banner manufactured in the Mt. Pleasant factory, and presented to the ladies of the society. On one side was the motto, "Our cause is God's, our course is onward ; " on the other was "On female influence rests the destiny of man." The Sons of Temperance continued in active operation for about fourteen years and was succeeded by the Temple of Honor, which was organized Sept. 9, 1854, and kept up its organization for about ten years, but disbanded during the war' on account of the absence of the young men. The Good Templars Lodge was organized in 1869, and continued in active operation for four or five years. The women of Mt. Pleasant assisted in the work .of the woman's crusade by organizing and helping the work in the adjoining towns. The Murphy movement has been in active operation from 1876. Besides the societies already mentioned there was the Social Degree in connection with the Temple of Honor, and the society for the juveniles, the "Band of Hope." There has always been a strong temperance sentiment in Mt. Pleasant. The people were among the earliest in the country in the opposition to drinking customs, and in efforts to suppress the liquor traffic. In the spring of 1847, D. M. Mulner opened the "Temperance Exchange Hotel," keeping the house strictly on temperance principles. This was somewhat of an experiment' but in the days of the coach line, when Mt. Pleasant was quite a business place, it was hoped that a man could keep a hotel without keeping a whisky shop. For about twenty-five years no intoxicating liquors have been sold publicly. While the business of the place has greatly fallen off because of no railroad connections, yet because of its temperance people and moral Sentiment, the town has been an attractive place. UNION SABBATH SCHOOL. Previous to 1843 some feeble attempts had been made to establish a Sabbath school, but the effort resulted in nothing permanent, until in the summer of that year, a Hiss Sarah Clark, of Philadelphia, who was visiting in Mount Pleasant, and learning there was no Sabbath school interested herself in the cause, and by her influence induced the citizens to take the matter in hand, and a union school was organized. Pinckney Lewis was elected superintendent, and George K. Jenkins, librarian. In 1849 Mr. Lewis, having been elected state senator, resigned and John B. Mercer was elected to fill to the place. Mr. Mercer performed the duties of the office until 1876, when he was succeeded by Dr. T. N. Lewis, who served until 1873, and was succeeded by Oliver Planner, who performed. the duties of the office until 1875 when J. B. Mercer was again elected, having served eighteen years, since 1849. About 1850 the school made an undertaking to pay $50 for five years to educate two Indian children at the Ossiliwa Mission' at Red Lake, Minnesota Territory. Rev. Mr.. Birdwell, one Sunday morning, brought into school with him an Indian boy. .Bringing a live Indian into Sabbath school where few, if ant, had ever seen one, created quite a sensation. The school or. &red that two children be selected by the Mission, One to be named Anna Mendenhall,     a faithful teacher in the school, and one for J. H. Mercer, the superintendent. The school never heard much from them after the five years' support was given. It was not long after this undertaking was completed, that the little red missionary box, that made its weekly rounds to the classes, was missing from the locked library in the chard]. It contained $40, and what became of it was never known. One cold winter of deep and frequent snows, as the propriety of adjourning the school till spring was being discussed' little Maggie Taylor, who had walked two miles through the snow, came tripping in' and the motion to adjourn was withdrawn without any further argument. Until within the last ten years most of the schools in the township were conducted on the union principle, but now each church has its own school under its control. Of those who conducted this school in 1843, but few now remain. John H. Mercer and David N. Milner are the only persons now connected with it' who took part in its organization in 1843. THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD. The people of Mount Pleasant bcing mostly Friends or Quakers' were from principle opposed to slavery, in fact many of them had left their pleasant homes in the bright sunny South and settled in this wilderness land with its bleak climate on account of their abhorrence of the institution with its wrongs and cruelties inflicted upon the poor helpless slaves. As early as 1817, a slave would occasionally get across that boundary line between slavery and. freedom, the Ohio river, and strike out for Mount Pleasant, where that class was always HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 535 kindly received by these good people and helped off on their way to a land beyond the reach of their masters. These fugitives continued to increase year by year in numbers and the means of sending them beyond the reach of their owners became more and more systematized, until a regular chain of posts between here and Canada was established, so that when a slave once reached one of these posts he was safe from pursuit. This was termed the underground railroad and Mount Pleasant became famed as the leading station in the United States on this road. The travel over this route increased, till it became almost a regular business with many citizens. Hundreds of slaves every year escaped over these lines, amounting to many thousands during its existence, and the travel only ceased with the close of the war. INCIDENTS. FIRST ABOLITION STATE CONVENTION. The first anti-slavery or abolition state convention in Ohio was held at Mount Pleasant in the spring of 1837. Gamaliel Bailey, who afterwards published the Cincinnati Herald, and still later established the National Era at Washington City, was the secretary of that convention. Among other early abolitionists there assembled, were James G. Birney, who in 1840, was the candidate of the Liberty party for president; John Keep, William Donaldson, Christian Donaldson, John Rankin, A. A. Guthrie, Major Nye, George Whipple, President Finney, of Oberlin, and Asa Mann. FREE LABOR STORE. The people of this place act noon their convictions of duty. They are consistent ; what they profess they believe, and their belief of what is right is carried out in practice. They believed slavery was a grievous wrong inflicted upon their fellow men ; they believed that buying and consuming the products of this labor was ministering to the avarice of the slave holder and making the purchaser and consumer of the fruits of the unrequieted toil of the slave a party to the crime. To avoid any participation in this wickedness they resolved to avoid using anything produced by the unpaid labor of slaves. In 1848, a free labor store was established, from which everything was sedulously excluded that was not the result of free, paid labor. This store was successfully carried on for about ten years. ANNA DICKINSON The mother of this widely famed lady once lived in Mount Pleasant. Her maiden name was Mary Edmondson. She taught school in 1826 or 1827, in Short creek church. THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS OF MT. PLEASANT. Among the early settlers of Jefferson county, the Society of Friends formed a considerable portion as to numbers, and by no means an unimportant part as to influence. These pioneers brought, not only the indomitable industry and thrift which soon transformed the wilderness to a community of prosperous homes, but also an intensity of religious fervor, and a fidelity to clearly defend convictions of right, which made them a strong power in shaping the contour of thought around them. The stream of immigration flowed from Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina—many coming as far as Friends' settlements in Western Pennsylvania as early as 1799, and waiting there until Government was prepared to dispose of lands west of the Ohio river. Numbers from North Carolina sought this more rigorous climate that their children might grow up free from the association of slavery. Baltimore yearly meetings had for a long period held a testimony against this prevailing evil, and throughout. the limits of the society a strong feeling on the subject existed which bore fruits in the new land. The first Friends meeting west of the Ohio river, was probably held in the autumn of 1800, near the tent of Jonathan Taylor, where he first located in what is known as Contcord, Belmont county, about five miles from Mt. Pleasant. He bad encamped in the forest while building his cabin in this new wilderness home. The little gathering consisted of himself, his wife and a few other individuals, seated under spreading branches upon newly felled logs. When the cabin was put up and covered, and the floor, which consisted of puncheons partly laid, the meetings were transferred to it. The first meeting held in this cabin was on a .First-day of the week. It had been preceded by a time of considerable rain, which in anticipation, rendered the accommodations very .desirable. The poles designed for sleepers on which to lay the remainder of the floor, served as seats. We are justified in supposing that meetings for worship were from this time regularly held, as meetings for transacting the business of. the society were regularly establisht ed, under the care of Friends in the east, as early as 1802. The Stantons, Lipseys, and a number of other Friends families settled near Mt. Pleasant in 1800. Jonathan Taylor soon removed from Concord to within a short distance of that place, on what is now known as the Updegraff farm. The years of 1801-2-3, were laborious ones. Forests were to fell, and the around to prepare for planting sufficient for present need.. Houses were to be built, and the pressing wants incident to pioneer life were to be met, but in 1804 a log meeting house was. built near where the Short Creek House now stands, one half mile west of Mt. Pleasant. The records of a monthly meeting, called Short Creek, open Third month, 5th, 1804. At this first meeting the subject of the pious and guarded education of the youth and the state of schools was weightily considered, and a committee appointed to give the subject further solid 'consider, ation. Nathan Updegraff was appointed to serve as clerk, Jesse Hall and Henry Lewis from Short Creek preparative meeting and James Carr, from Plymouth Preparative meeting, to serve as overseers. The records of this meeting show a rapidly intcreasing membership by direct application and certificate brought by families moving within its limits, from the monthly meetings to which they previously belonged. So prosperous was the society, that in 1806 ten acres of land was bought. The deed was executed by Horton Howard, September 25, 1806, and made "to Nathan Updegraff, Aaron Brown, Enoch Harris and Jonathan Taylor,.as trustees of the Society of Friends or Quakers, on behalf of themselves and jointly with the whole Short Creek monthly meeting of the Society." The consideration money was $30. The Short Creek meeting house, which still stands, was built in 1807, on this land, at an expense of $2,000. Its dimensions are 45x70. This lovely spot has truly come to be a city of the dead. The burying ground upon its summit, which overlooks a wide expanse of beautiful scenery, having received with nature's tenderness the forms of generation after generation of those who have gathered there for worship. In the spring of 1807 Short creek quarterly meeting was organized' consisting of five monthly meetings, viz.. Cencord, Short Creek,. Salem, Miami, and West Branch. Four of these were in Ohio and West Branch in what was called the Indiana territory. Ohio yearly meeting was set off from the yearly meeting of Baltimore in 1812, and was composed of friends west of the Allegheny mountains. The first yearly meeting was held at Short creek in 1813. During the years 1815-16 what is well known as the yearly meeting house was built in Mt. Pleasant, and first occupied in 1816. It is a large brick building 90x62, and variously estimated as capable of accommodating from 1500 to 2500 persons. Although the exclusive property of the yearly meeting, it has been used by the Society for particular meetings since 2d me., 1817, for the greater convenience of friends residing in towns or country homes made this a more central point. Members to the west of Mt. Pleasant still worshipping at Short Creek. For a series of years the records of Short Creek monthly meeting show a rapid increase of membership. The minutes of Tenth month, 1813, recommend Friends to continue their labor with those "who are still deficient in supporting our testimony respecting spirituous liquors," and a committee was appointed to have the subject in care. Marriages in accordance with established usage were frequent. The meeting of Twelfth month 20, 1814, records as follows: "Benjamin Lundy and Esther Lewis appeared in this meeting and signified their intention of marriage with each other. They having consent of parents ; George Kinsey and Ansalem Patterson are appointed to inquire into his clearness in other like engagements and report to the next meeting." According to custom a like committee was aptpointed in the women's meeting to make similar inquiries respecting the proposed bride. The meeting of First month 24, 1815, records that "the committee appointed to inquire into Benjamin Lundy's clearness, report that they find nothing to obstruct his proceeding in marriage with Esther Lewis. They are therefore at liberty to accomplish the same," and a committee was appointed in both the men's and women's meetings, to attend the marriage and report the orderly accomplishment." From the meeting of Second month 21st, we further learn that "the Friends appointed to attend the marriage of Benjamin 536 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. Lundy and Esther Lewis, report that the same was orderly accomplished," and from that held the 23d of Fifth month, following that Benjamin Lundy and Either' his with' request a certificate to Plainfield Monthly Meeting, which was produced, approved and signed by the clerk," On Sixth month 20, 1.815, the representatives appointed the preceding month to attend the quarterly meeting, report that they all attended and inform that it is recommended to the monthly meetings to appoint suitable committecs to assist and encourage Friends in making wills iri time of health." After due deliberation such an appointment was made. About the year 1818, the subject of establishing an institution for the guarded education of Friends' children was agitated, but the definite steps which resulted in the Friends Boarding School of Mt. Pleasant were nut taken until years afterward. The memorable division which occurred in the various Yearly Meetings in America, and which originated the two branches commonly known as Orthodox and Hicksite Friends' took place in Ohio Ninth month and sixth day, 1828, during the week of Yearly Meeting. The party sympathizing with Elias Hicks adopted the simple name of Friends, while the other party assumed the name of Orthodox Friends; each party, however, claiming to hold the principles of George Fox and other early ministers and writers of the church, The probability is that from the rise of the Society in the 17th century, there had really existed differences of opinion on some doctrinal points which were not particularly regarded in the earlier days' while still warm from the lever kindled by persecution, and filled with the spiritual health which the presence and influence of the devoted men and women who were instrumental in the rise and early prosperity of the society, had nourished. But when "Full long its feet the flowery ways Of peace had trod'" and "Too cheaply truths' once purchased dear, Were made its own." Controversy more and more prevailed on points which have perplexed the great and good in all ages of the christian church' and respecting which widely diverse judgments have been reached by holy, God-loving, righteous men. As is the universal tendency where people are met on the basis of opinion, there developed two broad parties, which were necessarily irrecon- cilable, so long as that. spirit prevailed, which in this age "gibbets men in sermons and burns them in print," and a permanent separation ensued. Oftimes "God's hand within the shadow lays The stone whereon His gates of praise Shall rise at last." Perhaps from this cloud which caused grievous mourning among many in both divisions camea baptism into deep things, which brought such into a new nearness to God's truth. That spiritual comfort is dispensed, independent of theological articles of opinion, seems patent since unquestionably these branches of the church' both continued to receive strength from an edifying Gospel ministry, and to abound in members highly blessed spiritually. For years the Orthodox branch continued meetings for worship at both Mt. Pleasant and Short Creek. Early in the year 1829 time branch denominated, Hicksite purchased land one mile west of Mt. Pleasant at a point central, for those in membership, and soon occupied a meeting house, built thereon for particular meetings, but continued to have. the use of the houses at Short Creek and Mt. Pleasant when desired for quarterly and yearly meeting purposes. The Orthodox yearly meeting of Ohio was again disrupted in 1854, into what are known as the Gurney and Wilbur factions, soon after this, those in harmony with the part denominated Gurney Friends discontinued the use of house on Short creek, all consolidating in the meeting convening in the yearly meeting house in Mount Pleasant, and those denominated Wilburites found it desirable to discontinue their meeting, held at Short creek, the members being attached to their meetings at other points. The boarding school property remained in the possession of this branch until 1874, when the supreme court of Ohio, by its decision settled the title in favor of the Gurney division. Previous to this decision the Wilbur Friends had continued to hold their yearly meeting at Mount Pleasant, but soon after made arrangements to remove it to Barnesville, Belmont county. Their last yearly meeting was held at Mt. Pleasant, in Tenth month of 1877. Those who worship still in Mt. Pleasant appear to have departed, in some measure, from the plain, simple, form of earlier years. They now send out ministers into the world as evangelists, and have adopted the same practice of singing, praying and preaching that other churches have. and the general manner of conducting the religious services is not very different from other churches. As one of their ministers expressed himself, it is now an aggressive and progressive church. After all its vicissitudes and trials it is still in a prosperous and flourishing condition, having had an addition of forty members within the last year. A Sabbath school was organized in connection with this church May 3, 1858, with Ellwood Ratcliff as superintendent. Early in its history care was extended toward certain children' who were prevented from attending from want of suitable clothing, and a committee was appointed to supply the wants of those in need Solicitude was also felt for colored children and a committee was appointed in their behalf. This school is still continued. Friends known as Hicksites hold their meetings regularly in the house one mile west of Mt. Pleasant, built soon after the division of 1828. The meetings appear to be conducted in the primitive style of Friends' and those assembling to he substantial, intelligent citizens of the community. A Sabbath school has also been established here for a number of years which appears to be under efficient management. THOMAS SHILLITOE'S DIARY RELATING TO FRIENDS' OHIO YEARLY MEETING. In connection with the history of the Friends' churches of Warren township, Belmont county (sec page 346), is given a brief sketch of the life and character of Thomas Shillitoe, accompanied by some extracts from a diary he kept, the action of the Stillwater quarterly meeting, in reference to the teachings and proceedings of Elias Hicks and his followers. For the same reasons there expressed, we give the following extracts from his diary of the Friends' Ohio yearly meeting pertaining to the same subject : "Seventh day morning, 6th of Ninth month, 1828, the first, sitting of the Ohio Select Yearly Meeting Commenced at Mt. Pleasant. At the time appointed for the meeting to assemble Elias Hicks and two other preachers of his party tried to gain admittance, but, being refused, they replied that they could hold their meeting in the open air as George Fox did. Furnishing themselves with chairs, in company with about twelve of the select members of this Yearly Meeting who had united themselves with the Hicksite party, they held their meeting outside of the meeting-house fence. Although their voices were at times, heard in our meeting, yet it did not appear the meeting suffered thereby, except the minds of Friends being affected with sorrow on their account. In the afternoon attended the meeting for sufferings. Friends being aware of the difficult situation, they were likely to be placed in, on the day when the Yearly Meeting for the general concerns of the society was to commence, a consultation took place on the subject and it was concluded to have the usual doors open, and that the doorkeepers should be requested to endeavor to keep the meeting select' but not to use force. "First day morning, 7th of Ninth month, 1828, attended the meeting at Mt. Pleasant. It may easily be supposed the prospect of going to meeting this morning must have been formidable. The house was crowded, and before the meeting was fully gathered, Elias Hicks stood up and occupied much time setting forth " his doctrines." "After he had taken his seat a Friend rose and informed the audience of the situation in which Elias Hicks stood with his friends at home. From the great concourse of people we passed in time afternoon on their way to Short creek meeting, where Elias Hicks was to be, I had cherished a hope we should have had a quiet meeting at Mt. Pleasant, but we had not long settled down before two of the preachers of the Separatists rose ono after the other. On their being requested again and again to sit down, the Hicksite party shouted from various parts of the meeting, manifesting such violence of temper that it appeared safest to suffer than to go on. Although it was as distressing a meeting as most I have sat in' yet when it closed I could not say I regretted my lot was cast amongst Friends to share with them in their exercises. Second day, 8th, Ninth month, 1828. At eight o'clock this morning the committee of men and women Frrends on Indian affairs met, to which committee strangers were invited, of which number I considered myself to be one. When the business of HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 537 this committee closed, Friends and the clerks remained in the house. The time for the gathering of the Yearly Meeting on the general concerns of the society, being nearly come, these Friends filled up the minister's gallery and front seats. Printed notices had been served on Elias Hicks and others, and copies nailed on the doors of the men's and women's house (room), signed by the trustees of the property, warning them not to enter the meeting-house during the sittings of the Yearly Meetings. Numerous doorkeepers were also in attendance, but the Separatists became so violent that it appeared no longer possible for the doorkeepers to maintain their posts unless they repelled force by force. Friends conferred together, when it seemed safest to request the doorkeepers to desist from their charge and leave the doors. This taking place, the mob, headed by two of the preachers of the Separatists, poured into the house like a torrent, accompanied by some of the rude rabble of the town. They violently opened the doors that had been kept fast, and some young men entering the women's house (room) committed the same outrage. After the assembly had become quiet beyond what could have been expected, all circumstances considered' the clerk, Jonathan Taylor, opened the Yearly Meeting amidst this erowd of intruders; on which one of the Separatists' party stood up and declared he was authorized by the members of the Ohio Yearly Meeting to order the clerks that were then at the table to quit, and give place to such clerks as. they should choose for themselves, at the same time naming an individual for the office, which nomination was confirmed by many of the Separatists shouting out at the same time, " That's my mind; that's my mind. Why does not oar cleric come forward ?" The Separatists then crowded between the front seats and up on the table and ordered the Friends who were standing near the clerk's fable to quit; but, their demand not being complied with, they began to use violence, on which the clerks were ordered to take down the names of such as appeared to take an active part in such proceedings. This did not check their proceedings. and finding that they were not likely to succeed in driving Friends from the part of the table, they endeavored to do so by a door behind the clerk. My scat being next to the clerk, a man of large stature and bulk came over the gallerytrail almost upon me, and after him two young men. I was on the point of getting up to leave the house, but before I was upon my feet one of the Separatists near me, looking up, exclaimed that the gallery over our heads was failing. A great crash at this moment was heard over our heads, which it was afterwards proved had been produced by one of the Separatists breaking a piece of wood. Immediately on an alarm being given, " the gallery is falling," from the other side of the house there was an outcry, "The heuse is falling." The door of the women's house (room) was thrown open and they were told the house was falling. A sudden rush in every direction produced a sound not unlike thunder and brought down a small part of the coiling in the gallery. This a considerable dust, and had the appearance of the walls giving way and the ceiling coming down. Whilst I was making my way from my seat a Friend informed the meeting it was a false alarm. The Separatists who had crowded into the minister's gallery and given this alarm, instead of making their way themselves out of the house, called out, "Make way for the Old Friend." Others said, "Let the Old Friend come by." So I had no difficulty until I reached the door where the crowd was very great. Some were thrown down, and were in danger of being trampled to death. A young Friend told me they forced the sashes out with their feet and tumbled out of the windows, One young man, report says, in his fright, dropped out of an upper window. The Separatists having now obtained access to the door at the back of the clerk's table, voices were heard above the general uproar, "Now is the time, rush on," which they did, but not being able to get possession of the table, it was broken to pieces. In a short time I returned into the Meeting again. When the tumult and uproar had somewhat subsided, it was proposed that we should leave this scone of riot; which; being united with Friends, adjourned. Third day, 9, of Ninth month, 1828. Morning—Friends met in the meeting house lot, at Mt. Pleasant; opened the select meetting and adjourned it to Short creek meeting house, admittance having been denied them to Mt. Pleasant meeting house. The yearly meeting standing adjourned to ten o'cloek this morning Friends were advised to make a formal demand of the men's and women's house. They therefore assembled in the yard of the meeting house, at Mt. Pleasant, and the trustee for the property, with two of the representatives, went into the meeting house, the Separatists meeting being then sitting in it, and in an audible manner demanded quiet possession of the house to transact 68—B. & J. Cos. the business of the yearly meeting of Ohio select. After much quibbling on the part of the Separatists, when pressed to give a decisive answer to this question, whether they were willing to quietly resign the meeting house? The answer they gave was: There is no reply." The Separatists then resumed their business. Notice was now given that Friends being kept out of their house, would open their yearly meeting in the yard ; men and women collected accordingly, at the front of the meeting house, the men to the east and the women to the west ; here we had a large and solemn meeting. Friends were informed that in consequence of the injury which Jonathan Taylor, the yearly meeting's cleric had received yesterday, from the pressure at the table, he was unable to give his attendance, the assistant clerk was therefore requested to open the adjournment, which was accordingly done, after which the yearly meeting was adjourned to Short Creek meeting house, in' which not a few of our company on this solemn occasion were bathed in tears ; some of the youths amongst others. Fourth day, 10, Ninth month, 1823. Friends met according to adjournment, at Short Creek, meeting house, and were favored with a solid sitting together ; the meeting being opened a minute was made stating the cause whereby Friends were brought under the necessity of quitting their own house and also excluding from the sittings of this yearly meeting, such members of society as had united with others in producing the riot at Mt. Pleasant meeting house, and who had otherwise identified themselves with the separatists . The chief subject that occupied attention at this time was what measures Friends were to adopt to secure peaceable enjoyment of their privilege in holding their meetings, select, and the names which had been taken down of those who had been the most active in the riots and in breaking the cleric's table' were read over. Fifth day morning, Friends again met. The meeting continued large, and the weather being fine, was a favorable circumstance as many were obliged to take their seats under temporary awnings out of the meetinghouse, the windows having been taken out to accommodate the numerous company. Friends were favored with a quiet, comfortable sitting together. Sixth day morning, the meeting again assembled, and matters which carne before it were conducted in great harmony. The trials Friends had passed through had brought them very near to each other. Seventh day morning, the meeting continued to be largely attended. In the afternoon I attended an •adjournment of the meeting for sufferings. Third day, 16th, Ninth month. The yearly meeting again met and attended to the various concerns. which still claimed attention having grown out of the present trying state of able sociefy. Friends separated in great nearness of spirit; the cheeks of most were bedewed with tears of sympathy and affection at the prospect of the sufferings that awaited them, through the opposition to be expected from their revolting brethren in their meetings at home. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. This was one of the first churches organized in Ohio, but like too many of our first churches, its early history is somewhat obscure. It is to be regretted that our forefathers did not more carefully preserve more of the early events and incidents in their respective churches, which would now be so highly appreciated by their descendants. About 1798, Dr. John McMillan, the great apostle of Presbyterianism in Western Pennsylvania., crossed the Ohio river, and founded at least two churches, one on Short creek, now Mount Pleasant; the other at Richland, now St. Clairsville. The spot is still pointed out where, on the farm now owned by Robert Finney, where Beech Spring school house now stands, near Short creek under the spreading branches of the forest trees, with a tent, or covered stand for the minister and leader of the singing, was effected the organization of this church. The names of those asking for the organization are lost. The first elders were Richard McKibben, Thomas McCune, James Clark and James Eagleson. This fent or meeting place was three and a half miles southeast of the present village of Mount Pleasant. Two graves were once here, but the plowshare has left no trace of this last resting place of their occupants, and their names arc now forgotten. The first house built was a rude log one, about one and a fourth miles southeast of the place where the organization took place. It was at the foot of Hogue's hill, near the waters of Little Short crook, and was a very primitive structure, without 538 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. stove or fireplace. At this house the cougregation met and worshiped twenty years. A cemetery, containing a hundred graves' was also made' but little now remains, except here or there a dilapidated tombstone to indicate where now sleep these silent dead. For the next eleven years the congregation occutpied the Associate Reformed church, known as the Union House, within the present enclosed graveyard and near Mr. Murray's. This building was a. hewed log house and stood on the hill about one and a fourth miles, north of the old log house at the foot of Hogue's hill' and two miles east of Mount Pleasant. This house was made into threshing machines by Thomas Mitchell, Robert Theaker and James H. Drennen. The pastor of this Church, during these thirty-one years, was Rev. Joseph Anderson, who, after serving Short Creek and Richland some time, as a supply, was installed by the Presbytery, August 20, 1800. He had been licensed by the Presbytery of Ohio, October 17. 1798, and was ordained by the same Prestbytery previous to his installation over these churches. His ordination, it is said. took place under a large tree on the farm of the late Clark Mitchell, and the honor was his (Anderson's) of being the first Presbyterian minister ordained west of the Ohio. One-third of his time was given to Short Creek and two-thirds to Plymouth. After serving both churches for many years, he was called for the whole of his time to Richland, though he continued to supply Short Creek for some years afterward. Mr. Anderson was a man of zeal and true piety, of good presence and address, but moderate abilities. He was dismissed to the Presbytery of St. Charles, Missouri, in 1835, and died at Monticello, in the same state, in 1847, in the eightieth year of his age. In 1829 the foundation was laid for a new house in Mount Pleasant, and the building completed in the winter of 1829 or 1830. It is not known whether it was dedicated or not. The building committee consisted of Adam Dunlap, John Hogg and William Pickens The brick work was done by Samuel Miller, the wood work by Henry Amrine, and Dr. Hamilton raised the money among the Masons to build the pulpit. This stood for twenty-five or twenty-six years. The walls becoming cracked, it became unsafe' and it was determined to build a new one, the present edifice, This house was completed in 1855. The building committee was William Reid, Joseph Kithcart and William McGee. Contractor for the wood-work, J. H. Sidebottom ; mason work, Charles Mercer and John Smith. A. G. Kinsey burned the brick ; cost, $2,115.80. Rev. Samuel Boyd, of Bridgeport, preached the dedicatory sermon from Chronicles xx., 15. The house was frescoed and repaired in 1870, at a cost of $800—papered by the ladies of the congregation. The pulpit was remodelled in 1877, and the floor first carpeted, at a cost of $190. There have been twenty-four ruling elders from its organiza tion down to the present time: 1798—Richard McKibbon, Thomas MeCune, James Eagleson and James Clark. 1808—Thomas Major and Adam Dunlap. 1829 John Alexander and Jacob Zull. 1832 —David Baldridge, John Theaker and John Major. 1839—Joseph Blackford, Joseph McCune and Archibald Major. 1844—Henry A mrine, Geo. M. Theaker and Samuel McConahey. 1869—John A. Major and T. M. McConahey. 1873--C. O. Harbout, .James G. Theaker, R. S. Kithcart and J. P. Bracken. The Rev. Benjamin Mitchell, who succeeded Rev. Joseph Anderson as pastor of this church in 1829, served it faithfully until 1877, when he was relieved from the active duties of his place by Rev, W. S. Pringle, a young man of much promise. TUE PRESBYTERIAN SUNDAY SCHOOL. This school was organized on the second Sabbath of November, 1868, with an enrollment of sixtyteight scholars and a small library. The leading spirit in the organization was Dr. A. J. Alexantder, now pastor of Scotch Ridge Church. He was made superintendent., and R. M. Theaker was appointed secretary ; William McGee, treasurer and Lycurgus Smith, librarian, R. M. Theaker was the second superintendent, Mitchell McConahey the third and 0. M. Bracken, the present superintendent' is the fourth. The amount of contributions in Leu year, $457; number of verses recited 74,210. Three premiums were awarded on one occasion: Thomas Mitehell, for reciting 849 verses ; John R. Fisher' for reciting 692 verses; Bell Oliver, for reciting 571 verses. On another occasion premiums were awarded Ella Dilworth, 350 verses ; Clara Howard 312 ; Lafie C. Reid. Clara Mitchell was absent but one Sabbath in ten years, and that on account of sickness. The enrollment for 1879 was 150; number of volumes in the library 500. M. P. CHURCH. The first Methodist Church built in Mt. Pleasant township was a small brick built in the village of Mt. Pleasant about the year 1815, at the east end of the town, on ground owned by David McMasters, a local minister. The house was used some years for school purposes. About the year 1827 the subject of lay delegation commenced to be agitated in the church, and duriug that year a separation took place. With but few exceptions the members withdrew from the M. E. organiz.ttion and organized' non-episcopal societies. They continued to occupy the same church building. The lot had not been leased by the society, and David McMasters dying in that year, it was subsequently deeded to the Methodist Protestant organization, which was organized in 182i by William B. Evans, a local minister. Samuel. Pennington was the first class leader ; :Rev. David McMasters; Anna McMasters, Aaron B Townsend, Mary Withrow, Mrs. Kurlin, James Davis and wife, were some of the original members, none of whom are now living. In 1839, We old house was taken down and a new church building erected on the same site, 40 by 50 feet. While taking the old house clown, one of the walls fell on Henry Marshall and John Sidebottom, breaking Marshall's thigh and injuring Sidebottom less seriously. When the new house was near completion it took fire from a defective flue and destroyed the roofand plastering, delaying its completion until 1842. During the rebuilding, the society occupied the Presbyterian Church. Our new house, when finished was the house of the Union Sabbath school, was used for temperance meetings, school exhibitions, and other public meetings and was replaced: by a new house 40 by 60 feet, in 1869 on the same lot. This, strueture bas basement and vestibule and was dedicated by. Alexander Clark in the winter of 1869, costing about $6,000. The society, like all others, has had its days of prosperity and its seasons of adversity. During. the winter of 1864, there was a remarkable religious awakening under the arbors of John L. Scott. The meetings continued near one month. some sessions continuing all day and night without adjourning. Over: 200 were converted and 100 added to the church. The local min-. isters of this society have been David McMasters, Pinckney Lewis, John H. Mercer and Henry Heberling. The church has been favored by the labors of the following traveling. ministers: Wm. B. Evans, Rufus Richardson, Moses Scott. E. E. Scott, Wm. Callege, T. Hopwood, Z. Ragan, J. S. Thrapp, Thomas Fairchild, Jacob Nichols, John Burns, J. W. Case, William Baldwin, T. L. Scott, G. W. Hissey, H. T. Bradford, J. B. McCormick, T. L. Diddle and J. M. Woodward. AFRICAN M. E. CHURCH. The history of this church, is somewhat obscure and meager, but as nearly as can be learned, at this late day, it was organtized as early as 1818. For some years they rented a house for worship, at the extreme western end of the village, which they finally bought, and continued their meetings there till it became unfit for use. They then sold and purchased another lot near by, on which they built a neat brick house which they still continue to use. This church has been in a flourishing condition, numbering as high as 170 members at one time, but like many other churches it has had its internal dissentions, and in 1871, a portion of the members withdrew and formed a new organization called the colored M. E. Church. COLORED SABBATH SCHOOL. The first Sabbath School for colored children was organized by Elijah Sawyer in the house used by the A. M. E. church. It commenced about 1840. Mr Sawyer conducted the school for some years, when the Friends became interested and also assisted the colored people, in their efforts. Among the Friends who rendered essential service in the matter were Elisha Bates and the Updegraff's. The school has been kept up, with some HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 539 intermissions, from that time to the present day. The whites have occasionally helped the colored people in their laudable efforts for improvement. M. E. CHURCH (COLORED.) In the fall of 1871, fifteen members withdrew from the A. M. E., and organized a new H. E. Church. They have not yet built themselves a house of worship, but meet in the colored school house. The following is a list of their ministers since their separation: Alexander Hargrave, 1871-3, Lewis Carr, 1874; Jacob Skinner, 1875; Jesse Hargrave, 1876-7-8; George Carr, present year, 1879. They at the same time organized a Sabbath school, with about twenty scholars. They have no library. EMINENT MEN. Mount Pleasant township has furnished a full share of eminent men as statesmen, men who have held prominent positions in the councils of the state and nation. It has supplied eight members of the state Legislature, to-wit: Dr. William Hamilton, George Mitchell, Ezekiel Harris, Joseph Kithcart, Amos Jones, Cyrus Mendenhall, Pinkney Lewis, Dr. J. T. Updegraff—the two last State Senators, It has also furnished three lieutenant governors—Benjamin Stanton, who was also member of Congress from the Bellefontaine district; Thos. B. Ford, and Robert C: Kirk, who was afterwards sent as minister to. one of the South American .governments, Was a native of this place. Also Hon. J. T. Updegraff, present member of Congress—as well as many eminent men in the medical and other learned professions. FITZ–GREENE HALLECK AND ABBIE FLANNER. A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE CORRESPONDENCE HELD OVER FORTY YEARS AGO, BETWEEN THE AMERICAN POET, FITZ-GREENE HALLECK, AND MISS ABBIE PLANNER' OF MOUNT PLEASANT, OHIO. As a portion of the correspondence that passed between. Fitz-Greene Halleck and Abbie Manner, years ago, was brought to light by the publication of the life of Halleck, by James Grant Wilson, disclosing bow intensely the gifted and courtly poet, who was a bachelor, became smitten by a Quaker girl of Mount Pleasant, created a sensation throughout the country, from Maine to Texas, that was discussed and commented upon in all the leading newspapers and periodicals in the land, it scerns proper that abrief account of it appear in Our work as an ineident in the history of the place. Miss Flanner was born in North Carolina, October 17, 1798. She was the eldest daughter of William and Penina Flanner, who came to Mount .Pleasant at an early period. Her father was an acceptable preacher in the Society of Friends, but in moderate circumstances. She had three brothers and three sisters. They all had to work. Miss Abbie taught school. Two of her brothers became eminent physicians. Thomas, the eldest, died of cholera in 1832, in Wheeling, where he went to investigate the nature of that disease. These brothers sent home most of the first money they earned in the practice of their profession to build Albi Cottage.. This name was given by the poetess herself; and signifies "cottage of purity." There it stands to-day near the Friends' Yearly Meeting House, in that village, but not embowered in vines and flowers as of old. Miss Flanner was tall and bony; her features were rather coarse, with large hands. Though not pretty, in the common acceptance of the term, she was graceful in her movements and manners, had a sweet, animated, intellectual face, full of sensibility and a peculiarly attractive smile. When silent and thoughtful her face wore a pensive, sad expression, but when engaged in conversation, it lighted up with animation and intelligence. When her feelings were wounded, she put her hands to her face and immediately the tears would come trickling through her white fingers. She was a fine conversationalist and the queen of the circle in which she moved. The origin of the correspondence was this : A party of young ladies and gentlemen of Mount Pleasant, assembled at the house of a friend in that village to watch the old year out. The incoming year was 1836—Leap Year. Amid the merriment of the occasion, some one suggested that the ladies should I-68—B. & J. Cos. avail themselves of the privileges it brought and open a, correspondence with different gentlemen mentioning, among others, the bachelor poet, Fitz-Greene Halleck. The proposal was pawed by as a jest, but in a few minutes it was noticed that Miss Abbie Flanner was missing from the party. Quietly bidding good night to the friends of the house, she had slipped out and gone home alone. The ground was covered with snow that sparkled in the moonbeams.. Walking along slowly, scarcely noting the beauty of the scene around her, she meditated a poetic epistle to Fitz-Greene Halleck, and reaching her room, sat down and wrote the following: NEW YEAR’S NIGHT. THE MERRY MOCK-BIRD'S SONG, O'er fields of snow the moonlight falls, And softly on the snow white walls Of Albi Cottage shines; And there beneath the breath of June The honeysuckles gay festoon And multiflora twines, And forms a sweet embowering shade; Pride of the humble cottage maid, Who now transformed and bold, Beneath the magic of a name. Those equal rights presume to claim, Rights urged by young and old. And who is she, to fame unknown, Who dares her challenge thus thrown down Low at the feet of one Who holds a proud, conspicuous stand Among the magnates of the land, The Muse's favorite son ? As when she roamed, a careless child, To pluck the forest blossoms wild, Oft climbed some pendant brow Or rock or cliff, to gather there Some tempting flower that looked more fair Than all that bloomed below. So now, like Eve in Paradise, Though numerous offerings round her rise Of love and friendship bland, With many a sober blessing fraught; Would give them all for one kind thought, One line from Halleck's hand. Like that fair plant of India's fields That most when bruised yields Its fragrance on the air, Such is the heart I offer thee, Pride of my country's minstrelsy! Oh, is it worth thy care? She signed this Ellen A. F. Campbell, incorporating her initials with the name of Scott's Lady of the Lake, and forwarded it to the poet. In those days of slow coaches, much time must necessarily elapse before a response could be received, and it is but natural to suppose that during that interval, buoyant hope and lively thought alternated with misgivings and doubt as to the reception of her letter. Perhaps when the first glow of adventurous feeling passed she half regretted her action and felt the natural shrinking of a woman's heart from offering itself unasked, even in jest. And when at last the long-looked-for, hoped-for packet arrived, with what trembling eagerness she must have opened and read it. TO ELLEN. THE MOCKING BIRD. The Scottish border minstrel's lay, Entranced me oft in boyhood's day: His forests' glens' and streams, Mountains and heather blooming fair; A Highland lake and lady were The playmates of my dreams. 540 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. Years passed away, my dreams were pone; My pilgrim footsteps pressed alone Loch Katrine's storied shores; And winds that winged me o'er the lake Breathed low as if they fear'd to break The music of my oars. No tramp of warrior men was heard; For welcome song or challenge-word I listened but in vain : And moor'd beneath his favorite tree, As vainly woo'd the minstrelsy Of grays haired " Allen Bane." I saw the Highland heath flower smile In beauty upon Ellen's isle ; And couched in Ellen's bower. I watched beneath the lattice leaves, Her coming, through a summer eve's Youngest and loveliest hour. She came not : lonely was her home; Herself of airy shapes that come, Like shadows to depart, Are there two Ellens of the mind ? Or have I lived at last to find An Ellen of the heart ? For music like the borderer's now Rings round me, and again I bow Before the shrine of song, Devoutly as I bowed in youth ; For hearts that worship there in truth And joy are ever young. And well my harp responds to-day, And willingly its chords obey The minstrel's loved command ; A minstrel maid whose infant eyes Looked on Ohio's woods and skies' My school book’s sunset land. And beautiful the wreath she twines Around "Albi Cottage," bowered in vines, Or blessed in sleigh-bell mirth ; And lovelier still her smile that seems To bid me welcome in my dreams Beside its peaceful hearth. Long shall I; deem that winning smile But a mere mockery, to beguile Some lonely hour of care ; And will this Ellen prove to be, But like her namesake o'er the sea, A being of the air ? Or shall I take the morning's wing. Armed with a parson, and a ring, Speed hill and vale along; And at her cottage hearth, ere night, Change into flutterings of delight. Or (what's more likely) of affright, The merry mock-bird's song ? Accompanying the poem was the following letter : NEW YORK, February 29, 1836. DEAR Miss CAMPBELL:—Were it not that the delightfully flattering lines with which you have favored me date "Bessextile," I should have taken post-horses for Albi Cottage immediately on receiving them. As it is, I thank you from my heart for your merry mocking bird's song. Though they did not seriously intend to make me a happy man, they certainly have made me a very proud one. I have attempted some verses in the style of your own beautiful lines, and hope you will laugh gently at their imperfections, for they are the first, with a trifling exception, that I have written for years. Would they were better worthy of their subject! A new edition of the humble writings which have been so fortunate as to meet with your approbration has recently been published here. It is, to use the printer's phrase, "prettily gotten up." Will you pardon the liberty I take in asking you to accept a copy from me, in consideration of the beauty of its type and the vastness of its margin, and may I hope for a return to this letter, informing me by what conveyance I can have the honor of forwarding it to you? I am, dear Miss Campbell, very gratefully, or if you are in good earnest, as I very much fear you are not, I am dearest Ellen, very affectionately yours. FITZ GREENE HALLECK. Her reply to this is a letter Of considerable length, in which she thanks him forthec promise of his book, and declares that "eager expectation stands tip toe an misty heights of the blue Ohio, to hail its approach." She closes by saying that when he is in "fashion's crowded hall," or listening to the "trump of deathless fame," she would claim one thought : "But when the busy crowd isgone', And bright on the western sky The changeful sunset hues are thrown— Oh wilt though thither turn thy eye And send one gentle thought to her Whose spirit ever turns to thine, Like Persia's idol worshipper, Or Moslem to his prophets shrine ?" The correspondence continued throughout the year, growing more and more interesting. The gay badinage ceased, and was succeeded by earnestness on both sides. Though still preserving her incognita, and shielded by her assumed name, we find the lady growing timid as the poet grows ardent in his protestations of admiration and esteem. At one time she says : "Every step that I have made in your acquaintance has increased my timidity. With areckless4 laugh I flung my first offering on the current of accident, little thinking it would ever bring me back tears and. smiles, anxious thoughts and fevered dreams." Toward the end of the year she intimates that the terms of her privilege will soon expire, and the correspondence must close. The poet replies, urging its continuance, and speaks of the happiness ithass afforded him, and his desire to know her personally. She replies: "I certainly did suppose I had written to Mr. Halleckk for the last time; but you know before I confess that I am but too happy to be convinced by your profound logic', that Is not only my privilege but my duty to respond. Your witty assumption of your extensive. privilege has delivered my woman's pride from the bastile of a word, for whose adamantine bars, perhaps, I have not shown a proper reverence." After the interchange of a few more letters the poet announces his intention of seeking the home of his fair correspondent, and meeting face to face the lady whom, as "Ellen Campbell," he had learned so highly to esteem. This proposal filled Miss Planner with dismay. Remembering that she bad commenced the acquaintance, she reflected that a tacit agreement to the poet's wish would place her in the character of a wooer. An ardent admirer of Halleck's poems, nothing could have afforded her more pleasure than to have met him, but under the circumstances she felt that she must not encourage his coming. Her reply was posted at Washington, whither she had sent it in care of a relative, and to that address the poet's subsequent letters were addressed. It is difficult to repress the tear of sympathy over this wonderful story of what " might have been" had these two gifted beings been permitted to come together. But she absolutely refused him a personal interview, and succeeded in eluding his attempts to find her. She felt that with an interview all the illusion would vanish; that he, who had been accustomed to the flatteries and attentions of the high-born and high-bred and jeweled daughters of fashion, in their gorgeous robes and magnificent palaces, could not tolerate her plain Quaker simplicity and lowly surroundings, and she—all unwisely—preferred that he should be her idol at a distance, that she loved to worship, and she to him an "Ellen of the mind"—"A being of the air." They never, never met. Miss Flanner afterwards married a Mr. Talbot and resided in Mount Pleasant until her death, which occurred September 9, 1852. She lies buried in Short creek cemetery, one half mile west of the village. No stone marks her last resting place. TRENTON. This village, which is situated about one mile west of Mount Pleasant, was laid off about the year 1815, by Ellwood Radcliff. Probably because of its proximity to Mount Pleasant, it had made but little progress. It contains about one hundred and HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 541 fifty inhabitants—one-half of whom are colored. The colored people have a school and church (Baptist) which was dedicated October 13, 1872. The village contains one dry goods store, one grocery store, one blacksmith shop, one wagon maker's shop, one carriage shop, one shoemaker's shop, one church, and one school house—colored. THE REGULAR BAPTIST CHURCH, (TRENTON COLORED.) This church was organized and constituted January 10, 1844, at a meeting held in the east room of the brick house owned by Esther Sparksman. William Callihan was moderator' and Milton W. Kasley, clerk. The names of those who united with the organization, were George Sparksman, Esther Sparksman, John Williams, Harriet Emeline Williams' Frank King, Susan Thompson, John V. Brown, Sarah Brown, John Cusans, Elizabeth Sparkman, John Thompson, Charlotte Duting and Martha Sawyer. George Sparksman was then appointed deacon, and ordained' and John Cusans elected church clerk. The exercises were closed by Elder Callihan preaching a discourse adapted to the occasion. This church belongs to the Zoar Association. November 2, 1850, Elder Jones was called to the pastorate at a salary of $4 per month. May 30, 1854, a committee was appointed to buy a lot on which to build a church. A half lot was bought from Henry Bundy for $30, and the amount of first payment raised among the members. October 26, 1860, the church met and agreed to employ Madison H. Gaskins, as pastor, at a salary of $105, for half his time: The meetings were held in the Seceder church, about eighteen months, when the congregation removed to a room in Mrs. Sparkman's house, where they worshiped until their new church building was completed in 1872, a neat frame, 24x30, costing $1,000. The new house was duly dedicated October 13, 1872. Elder G. C. Sedgwick preached the dedication sermon. They have ordained two ministers, Jared Chavers in 1866, and Madison Boggs in 1873. This church, in 1879, numbers one hundred and four members. Five of the original members in 1844, are still living, Esther Sparksman, Elizabeth Sparkman, Susan Brown, John Williams and Harriet Williams. A Sabbath school was organized in 1868. Number of volumes in the library, 258: number of scholars enrolled, 25. SKETCHES OF THE GILL FAMILY.—Joseph Gill was one of the pioneers of Mount Pleasant, where he settled and built the sixth house in the village. He was born on Kent Island, Maryland, and resided there and on the western shore of Chesapeak Bay until he was thirty years old. His ancestors were English and came out with Lord Baltimore. His father's name was Joseph Gill. He died at his son-in-law's, Dr. Ramsey, at Hopkinsville, Kentucky. His mother, Naney Gill, died at Mount Pleasant, and was interred in the Friend's cemetery, at Short Creek Church. Joseph Gill emigrated from Maryland to Shepherdstown, Virginia, and whilst there witnessed the first successful attempt of the application of steam in propelling boats on the Shenandoah river. It is probable the real. inventor of the steam engine was Edmund Ramsey, who died from apoplexy in the city of London, just before making a trial trip of his boat there, and while explaining the 'value of his invention. Fulton had access to his papers, plans and drawings, went with them to Livingston, in France, and got him to join them in their trial and success on the Hudson river. In 1839, by a joint act of Congress a gold medal was presented to his son, James Ramsey' "commemorative of his father's high agency in giving to the world the benefit of the steamboat." For fuller details see Appelton's Journal. From Shepherdstown, Joseph Gill moved to near Bunker Hill. He there married Nancy Hanna, daughter, of William Hanna, and settled on Back creek, where he commenced to build a mill, got the dam about completed, when a flood came and washed it away. He then traded his farm on Back creek for a store in Winchester, Va. In 1806 he removed from Virginia to Mount Pleasant. Ho paid seven dollars per hundred for having his goods transported over the mountains. At that time he brought seven wagon loads of goods, consisting of household goods, furniture, cooking utensils and merchandize. His family consisted of himself; wife, father, mother, uncle John Gill, and five colored children, Jim Bowen and his mother ; Aunt Lucy, Jack Jones, Frank Buckany and Hannah Washington. Their grown. servants, they liberated before leaving Maryland and Virginia. Mr. Gill inherited a number of slaves left him by one of his aunts. He never sold one of them, but set them all free, never exacting a day's work of them after they became of age, the males twenty-one, the females eighteen. Upon his arrival at Mount Pleasant, Mr. Gill nought section 17, and commenced clearing it up. He also started a store, and carried on the mercantile business, farming and stock raising. He introduced a flock of Merino sheep, of the famous Wells aud Dickinson stock, the first ever brought into the township. In 1816 he started the old Mount Pleasant Bank, of which he was president during the entire period of its useful and successful existence. He also built a mill with four run of buhrs, about one mile north of town, on Short creek, and in 1828 he bought of John McCurdy another mill, with the same number of buhrs. That was about three miles further un the creek. These mills were run very successfully tor twenty-five years, Mr. Gill shipping the flour in large quantities in flatboats to New Orleans. Generally either one of his sons' John or James, would accompany these flatboats as supercargo. He also handled and cured large quantities of pork, selling it in the form of bacon, and grazed, slaughtered and sold hundreds of beeves in what is now Ottawa county, Ohio. The family of Mr. Gill consisted of three sons—William, John and James, and one daughter, Nancy. John and James managed the business of their father, at least ten years before his death' which occurred December 1, 1845. John W. Gill, a son of Joseph Gill, started the raising and feeding of silk worms in 1835, and the manufacture of the silk into beautiful fabrics. He made and presented to Henry Clay, the great commoner' a full suit of silk clothes; he also furnished the great tragedian' Edwin Forest, his stage suit—knit work. In 1841, the government, through the instrumentality of Mr. Clay, ordered a very large silk flag' which was finished and delivered to the governmcnt on the 4th day of March, 1841. It was taken to China by Caleb Cushing, our newly appointed minister to that government, and was the first American flag that ever floated from an American embassy in that strange and far off land. or among that extraordinary and peculiar people. John W. Gill then removed his silk factory to Wheeling, Va., which ends his career in Ohio. James H. Gill, the youngest son of Joseph and Nancy Gill, is now the only representative of the family living in Mount Pleasant. He was born in the village, January 31, 1813. At present (1879) he is president of the First National bank of Mount Pleasant. He was also for a long time connected with the branch of the State bank of Ohio, at the same place, served in it as president, member of the board of control and director. His principal business, however, was farming, milling and operating in western lands in Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota. He was the first to introduce the horse rake, mowing machine and portable hay derrick, which he invented and obtained letters patent for. He was married December 1, 1842, to Miss Mary Parker, niece and adopted daughter of Dr. Isaac Parker, one of the early pioneers of Mount Pleasant, and has two daughters living in the west, one, Mrs. Kirk, living in Chicago, the other, Mrs. Updegraff. residing in Denver, Colorado. Mr. Gill remembers when the Indians traded at his father's store. At that time Mount Pleasant was a principal point of trade, and its merchants bought the wheat and pork of the country as fur back as Guernsey, Carroll and Tuscarawas counties. In. the war of 1812' as the army passed through Mount Pleasant, they were in need of clothing and tents, and they took a thousand or more yards of cloth of suitable material for their use from Mr. Gill's store. He was a Quaker, and said his religious principles were opposed to war, but if they needed his goods they could take them. He never would take anything from the government' while others were willing to make out their accounts and receive pay for supplies for the army. THE SHARON FAMILY. The ancestors of this now celebrated family were Quakers, who came over in William Penn's colony and settled in Philadelphia. William Sharon, whose descendants have become so prominent in Jefferson county, and one of whom, at least, has obtained a national fame as the great millionaire of the Pacific coast, was born in Westmoreland county, Pa. He married Mrs. Sarah Whitaker, and came to Jefferson county in 1802 and settled in Wells township, where he lived and died in 1809. He reared a family of four sons—James, William, Smiley and John. 542 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. These four sons were all born in Westmoreland county, Pa., and came with their parents to Jefferson county while young. Of these four sons, James, the oldest, was born in 179(1 and married Miss Martha Eaton about 1815. They reared a family of four children, two sons and two daughters. William, the second son and the father of Senator Sharon, was horn in 1793. He married Miss Susan Kirk about 1815. They reared a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters—John, Mary Ann' Sarah, William, who is now senator from Nevada, Susan, Lewis and Smiley. John, the oldest of the foregoing, was born about 1816. He studied medicine and commenced its practice in Woodsfield, Ohio, where, in October, 1841, he married Miss 'Minerva Headley. After remaining in Woodsfield about a, year he removed to Carrollton, Greene county, Illinois, where he followed his profession until his death, which occurred September 2, 1860. He reared a family of six children, four sons and two daughters. Mary Ann was born about 1818. In 1863 she married Dr. Jacob Hammond, of Steubenville, where she now resides. Sarah was born about 1820; resides in California, and never married. William, the millionaire senator of Nevada, was born in Smithfield in 1821. The house in which he was born is near the southern terminus of Main street, and is now owned and occupied by William A. Judkins. When a boy of seventeen, William thought the life of a flatboatman would suit him, so he purchased an interest in a flatboat and started down the Ohio river, bound for New Orleans, but landed his boat when he reached Louisville. At this point the boat struck a rock in crossing the falls, and was left a total wreck. He then returned to his native town, disgusted with a sea-faring life, and went to college a few years, then studied law under Edwin M.. Stanton, and practiced for a while in St. Louis, Missouri. Giving up the pracfice on account of poor health, he figured as a merchant in Carrollton, Illinois, until the discovery of gold in California. He was among those who crossed the plains in 1849, and in August of that year reached Sacramento, where he purchased a stock of goods and opened a store. The floods of 1849-50 swept his stock into the Pacific ocean, leaving him about as he was when his boat struck the rock at the falls of the Ohio at Louisville. After his goods had been carried away by the flood, he went down to San Francisco and opened a real estate office. He continued in this business until 1864; and had accumulated a fortune of $150'000, when he began speculating in mining stock. In this he again struck the Louisville falls, and again landed his boat a total wreck. Being again foot loose and ready for anything that might offer in the way of business, he was sent over the Sieras to Virginia City, Nevada, by the Bank of California to look after the affairs of that institution which required attention. After reaching Virginia City, he soon arranged all the affairs of the .Bank of California, and while looking about and probing into matters in so deing, was shrewed enough to see that he had at last, reached the place where all the money on the Pacific was coming from. He, at once, urged upon the officers of the Bank of California, the necessity of opening a branch at Virginia City, which was done, and Mr. Sharon was placed at the head of the new Institution with unlimited powers. He remained in Virginia City, a number of years, at the head of the branch bank in that place, and finally resigned in order to look after affairs of his own, leaving in his place an excellent and capable man in the person of Mr. A. J. Ralston. Mr. Sharon is the lather of the Truckee railroad' one of the crookedest roads in the world, and a wonderful road in many other respects. In .building this road Mr. Sharon secured a subsidy of $500,000, from the people of Washoe, in aid of the project, constructed as much of it as the money would build, then mortgaged the whole road for the amount of money required for its completion. In this way he built the road, without putting his hand into his own pocket for a cent, and he stilI owns one-half of it. It is worth $2,500,000, and bring him in $12,000 a day. On this trip, he got his boat over the " Falls" in good shape. The road, however, has been a great benefit to the country, and Mr. Sharon was a good man for t he country, while at the head of the Virginia branch of the bank of California, as he had the nerve to advance money fir the development of the mines and the building of mills at the time when no outside banking house would have ventured a cent. He saw that, though some of the mining companies were embarrassed, there was every likelihood of their being in bonanza soon again, provided they were furnished with a sum sufficient to make explorations. Mr. Sharon is the owner of the Palace Hotel, San Francisco, the largest and most costly hotel in the world, and a great deal of other property in that city, as well as in other places in California and Nevada. In all, he is probably worth seventy or eighty millions of dollars, He has a every clear head and thorough understanding of financial questions, is a shrewed business man, and of large capabilities in all the walks of life. In 1874, he was elected United States Senator from Nevada for six years to to Ice the place of Mr. Steward. Susan was born in 1825, and married Isaac M.,Davis. They reared a family of six children, two sons and four daughters. Mr. Davis is now a retired merchant and lives in San Juan, California. Lewis was born in 1822. He married Hiss Sarah McKim, in 1855. They have one child. a son now attending college. For a while Lewis followed merchandizing in Smithfield, then removed to Meigs county, Ohio, where he followed the same business for awhile, but finally engaged in farming, which he still Smiley, the youngest of this family, was born February 14, 1827, and was married October 26, 1848, to Miss Sarah Ann Hurford. They have reared a family of five children, four sons and one daughter, Clarence, William, Ella S., Frank E. and Frederick H. William E. and Ellis S. are married, the other two remain at home. Smiley Sharon resides one mile south of, Mount Pleasant, on one of the most beautiful farms in the country, and besides the natural beauty of situation, he has applied all the means that art could devise to add, to its natural beauty. Mr. Sharon is largely engaged in the raising of fine stock, especially fine sheep. William Sharon, father of the foregoing family, died April 24, 1875, in his eighty-third year, and is buried in the old Seceder, now Presbyterian cemetery, at Mount Pleasant. Smiley Sharon, the third of the four sons that originally came to Jefferson county, was born in June, 1795, was married in June, 1827, to Miss Martha Kitheart. They reared a family of eight children, five sons and three daughters. These children are all married but one son and one daughter. Mr. Sharon died October 16, 1876. Mrs. Sharon resides in Mount Pleasant. John Sharon, the fourth and last son, was born September 23, 1798 ; was married February 23, 1832, to Miss Helen Hall. 'They raised a family of nine children, three sons and six daughters. He died October 23, 1870, and is buried in the Seceder cemetery at Mount Pleasant. Mrs. Sharon resides on a beautiful farm a mile and a half south of the town, surrounded with every comfort that life could desire. JONATHAN and ANN TAYLOR were both natives of Bucks county, Pennsylvania. They were married in 1789, and removed to Loudon county, Virginia. In the year 1800, they left Winchester and a home of comfort, for Ohio, and finally located at their late residence' one mile west of Mount Pleasant, on the farm now owned by D. B. Updegraff. Their object does not seem to have been the acquisition of wealth. Their belief being that they were called of God to go out, not knowing whither they went. Accordingly a large portion of their time was spent in missionary and ministerial labor in the new state, as they were both recorded as ministers of the Gospel by the proper authority in the Society of Friends. As soon as their cabin was reared, it was dedicated to the service of God, and became the meeting place for a small company of worshipers, who habitually collected there for that purpose. These meetings were the nucleus of the Short Creek meeting house. These pioneer missionaries performed many long and fatiguing journeys, sometimes together, sometimes separately, sometimes in their carriage, sometimes on horseback. Jonathan Taylor died in Ireland in 1831, while on a religious visit to the churches of that land. He is described by one of his contemporaries, who knew him well, as mild in his manners, upright in his conduct, and ready to render kind offices whenever it was in his power he was respected and beloved by all who knew him." As a member of civil society, he was extensively useful. In religious society he was remarkably humble and unassuming. He was slow or rather cautious in coming to a judgment on subjects of importance, but he was equally remarkable for the correctness of his views. His wife, Ann Taylor, survived him thirty years, and after her ninetieth year she traveled several hundred miles in a private carriage on religious missions to the church. She was a woman of distinguished energy and piety, sound judgment, large-hearted benevolence and sterling integrity. Personal considerations were not allowed to interfere with a conscientious apprehension of duty, in the discharge of which she traveled thousands of miles on horseback, and as many as fifteen hundred miles in one of these journeys. She HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 543 was thus widely known and honored to a great extent in Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, North Carolina, New England, Canada, Indiana, &c., as altogether a remarkable woman. She died at her home near Mt. Pleasant in 1862, in peace, full years at the age of 97. HALL FAMILY. Joseph Hall and Christiana Peal were married about the year 1773 in North Carolina, where they resided until 1802, when with a large family, they emigrated to Jefferson county, and settled near a spring of cold, never failing water that yet yields six thousand gallons every twenty-four hours. Joseph got his leg broken, when coming out to this country, in a cart, the first time. He and his oldest son came before the rest of the family to see the country and make preliminary arrangements. Rattlesnakes were very plenty in those early times, seventy-two were killed in one day in a ravine near their cabin. They endured many hardships and trials in the first years after their settlement. In sickness they could get no physician nearer than Wheeling distant thirteen miles. Mrs. Hall died about one year after they came to their new home. Mr. Hall died in August, 1825. They had ten children, six sons and four daughters, all but two sons of whom lived to be married and have families. Of the two deceased children' one died' while young' in North Carolina The other, after arriving at years of manhood, shortly after coming to Ohio. Of this family all are now deceased, except Thomas, the fifth son, who is in his 91st year. He remained at the old homestead after his marriage, and took care of his father while he lived. He built a brick house in 1828, reared a family of eight children, then retired to cottage house, near Harrisville. The farm belonged for a short time to Nathan P. Hall, a grandson of Joseph Hall. It is now owned and occupied by William Hall, another grandson. Many of the adjoining farms are also owned by the Hall descendants, who go down to the fifth generation. William Hall, Sr.--The subject of this sketch was born June, 1804, in a log hut that stood on the same farm he now resides on. He is a son of Jesse and Penina Hall. His father, Jesse Hall' was a native of North Carolina, and born in 1776; emigrated to Jefferson county in 1802, and built the log hut 1826 William was born. William Hall, Sr., was married in 1826 to Miss Hannah Wharton, daughter of Ezra and Martha Wharton, who were natives of Bucks county, Pa., and emigrated to Harrison county, Ohio, in 1818. Mr. and Mrs. Hall reared a family of seven children, six of whom are still living. Ezra, the oldest, died in Minnesota in 1852. Of this family but two Are at the old homestead, Nathan L. and Penina. Parker is living on the old Parker homestead in Harrison county. Tilman is in Mahoning county, Linton in Columbiana county, and Martha, wife of Thomas Dewees, in Morgan county, Ohio. When Mr. Hall began life this farm was in forest, but now it is quite different, with its broad acres of fine tillable land. He is now in his 76th year, and expects to end his days on this old resort, where he has spent so many happy hours in his boyhood days. MRS. ANNA H. G. BROWN. —This lady is a descendant of the Defoe family, of England. She is a great great grandniece of Daniel Defoe, the celebrated author and writer, who besides his miscellaneous works' was continually engaged in writing political and religious pamphlets, of peculiar sharpness and pungency. These writings were continually getting him into broils and troubles with the government. Prosecutions, fines and imprisonment were the result. Under these circumstances it was necessary for him to seek an asylum under the roof of his widowed sister, Elizabeth Maxwell, in the city of London. Three years before this he had sent forth his Shortest Way with Dissenters," for which he had suffered the pillory, fine and imprisonment. It was on account of, this article that the government offered £50 for the discovery of his hiding-place The proclamation was worded thus "Whereas Daniel Defoe, alias Defooe, is charged with writing a scandalous and seditious pamphlet, entitled the 'Shortest Way with Dissenters.' He is a middle-sized, spare man, about forty years old' of a brown complexion, and dark-colored hair, hut wears a wig' has a hook nose' a sharp chin, gray eyes, and large mole near his mouth ; was born in London, and for many years was a hose factor in Freeman's yard' Cornhill, and now is owner of the brick and pantile works near Tilbury Fort, Essex. Whoever shall discover the said Daniel Defoe to one of Her Majesty's secretaries of state or any of Her Majesty's justices of the peace, so he may be apprehended' shall have a reward of £50, which Her Majesty has ordered to be. immediately paid upon such discovery." On his release he was again imprisoned for his political pamphlets, and through the influence of Lord Oxford was again liberated. In his sister's house, in the rear of the building' a small room was fitted up for him, where' secure from his political or pecuniary assailants, he continued to send forth his barbed arrows with impunity. It was here his sister's only daughter, named for herself, Elizabeth, who was five years old when her uncle came to live with them, received her education under his teaching, and it was here in this room that "Robinson Crusoe" was written, after his niece had left her home and him. At eighteen this niece' Elizabeth Maxwell, contracted a matrimonial engagement, which was peremptorily broken off by her mother. This caused an alienation from all her friends, and she privately left her home and embarked for America. From this young lady has sprung all the descendants of the 1)efoes in the United States. Being without funds she bargained with the captain to be sold on her arrival to reimburse him for her passage; accordingly in the autumn of that year (which was probably 1718) she, with a, number of others, was offered for sale in Philadelphia., and Andrew Job, a citizen of Cecil county, Maryland, happening to be in the city at the time, bought, her for a term of years and took her to his home. It is said that Mr. Job's son, Thomas, then a young man, was present at the sale, and used his influence with his father to buy the young lady, but, be this as it may, sometime during the year 1725, this son, Thomas, and Miss Maxwell were married. Being thus happily situated, she wrote to her mother and uncle, giving them the first intimation of her whereabouts. As soon as possible a letter came from her uncle (Daniel Defoe) stating that her mother was dead, and that in addition to a large property, her mother's furniture had been left to her by will in case she were ever found alive. An inventory of the goods sent accompanied the letter, and especial attention was solicited for the preservation of such articles as he had used in his private study, as they had descended to the family from their Flemish ancestors, who sought refuge under the banner of Queen Elizabeth, from the tyranny of Phillips. He also apologized for the condition of two of these chairs. the wicker seats of which he had worn out and replaced with wooden ones. One of these chairs is now in the "Historical Society" of Delaware, and the other is in the family of James Trimble. The foregoing Thomas and Elizabeth Job reared a family. One of their sons, whose name was Daniel, was the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. This grandfather, Daniel Job, married a Miss Mary Brown. They reared a family of twelve children, eight sons and four daughters. The youngest of these children was a son name Archibald, who was the father of the subject of this sketch. This Archibald Job, was born in Cecil county, Maryland, in 1781. He was married in 1805 to Rebecca Allen, who was born in the same county in 1786. They removed to Jefferson county in 1816, where they settled. They reared a family of nine children, three sons and six daughters. Their youngest child, Miss Annie H. Job, was married October 25, 1860, to Amon. Given, who died March 30, 1861. She married a seeond: husband John A. Brown, April 27,1868. By this marriage they have been blessed with two children, both sons, and named Amon G and Elgar A. The older one died when three years old. The youngest, born February 1,1871' sfill survives. Mrs. Brown's father, Archibald Job, died in 1838. Her aged and venerable mother, now 91 years old, resides with her, in the village of Mount Pleasant. ASAHEL H. HUSSEY.—Among the citizens of Mt. Pleasant is Asahel Hussey, who resides on his farm west of the village. This farm of 109 acres is under good cultivation, mostly enclosed by hedge fence, with a nice row of shade trees of different kinds growing along the road, which passes nearly through the center of the farm, east and west On the north side of the road near the center of the land, in somewhat of a valley, is his nice brick residence, with a beantifuI lawn in front, in which a variety of evergreens and other shade trees are growing, making it one of the most desirable and handsome places in the neighborhood. On the south side of the road is a nice frame tenant house, and further back stands another cottage tenant house, both occupied by Mr. Hussey's tenant hands. Asahel H Hussey was born in Mt. Pleasant in 1833, being the second son of Penrose Hussey and grandson of Christopher Hussey, a descendant of Captain Christopher Hussey, of England, who came to this country in 1630, to marry Theodete, daughter of Rev. Stephen Batchelder, of Holland, who was removing with family, in connection with 1;700 others, among whom was John Winthrop, first governor of Massachusetts. His grandson, Batchelder Hussey, married Abigal Hill, of Boston, in 1705, and was a 544 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. minister in the Society of Friends. Having a numerous family, his descendants are scattered throughout the United States. Among them are Asahel Hussey, proprietor of the Ufah House' Baltimore, and Obed Hussey, one of the first inventors of a successful reaper and mowing machine ; also, Dr. C. G. Hussey, a noted and successful manufacturer of copper and steel' of Pittsburgh, as well as being interested in other extensive mining business. But to return to Our subject: A. H. Hussey is a nephew of Dr. C. G. Hussey, of Pittsburgh. His mother was Susannah Wood, daughter of Nathan Wood. of Smithfield, who was a descendant of Thomas Wood, of Cornwall, England, owner of extensive coal mines there, but who came to this country early' in the 18th century. In 1835, Penrose Hussey removed to Smithfield and settled on a farm, remaining there until 1848, when he removed with his wife, three sons and two daughters to the farm on which our subject now resides. Two of the sons, Nathan and Milton, soon left the paternal roof to seek homes of their own. They both reside in Iowa. One of the daughters married I. K. Ratcliff, cashier of the First National Bank of Mt. Pleasant; the other married W. G. Hubbard, of Columbus' Ohio, now engaged in the publishing business, and a minister in the Society of .Friends. The other son, A.. H. Hussey, remained at home with his parents' managed the farm find cared for them while they lived. In 1860, he started a nursery and green house, which was successfully managed for a few years. In H62, he married Martha P. Newby, of Dublin, Indiana, formerly of North Carolina. In 1864 he engaged in extensive pork packing, at Gosport, Indiana, with his uncle, Dr. C. G. Hussey. In 1865 he joined his brother Nathan in a woolen mill at Mt. Pleasant. In 1872 his father died and he purchased the old homestead, which he has beautifully adorned, where he now resides. Mr. Hussey received a common school education, but being quick to learn he made advances in his studies beyond his classmates. Being always of a religious turn of mind, he felt a call to the ministry' and was recorded as such by the Society of Friends in 1873. He was often engaged in religious services at home and abroad. wrote for various papers and published a little book entitled " Holiness, or Christian Perfection'" of which he gratuitously circulated about 7;000 copies among his friends. GEORGE C. JENKINS was born in Belmont county, Ohio, in 1810. He was the son of Michael and Sarah Jenkins. Losing his father by death in infancy he was thrown very much upon his own resources in acquiring an education, the desire for which was one of the strong aspirations of his youth. Naturally energetic and persevering, after receiving limited opportunities in the common schools, which were greatly inferior to those of the present day, he began to teach at the early age of seventeen. Afterward entering Franklin College, by his indomitable efforts' teaching ranch of the time, and often studying nearly the whole night, he graduated with honor to himself in the class of 1835. Completing hrs collegiate course he entered upon his chosen pro-profession, teaching, with slight interruption for nearly thirty years. Connected with the public schools of Wheeling, W. Va., Mount Pleasant, Ohio Friends' boarding school, at Mount Pleasant, of which he was the first, mathematical and classical teacher, and as mathematical professor in Franklin College, the time was closely occupied until the fall of 1842, when he removed to Mt. Pleasant and established a select high school there which for many years had a reputation sufficient to draw scholars from a distance, as well as at home and was generally filled to its utmost capacity as long as he continued to teach, which was until 1864. In the spring of this year he quitted a profession which afforded him great pleasure, being endowed by nature with two qualifications essential to instruction of youth, i, e. the ability to govern and at, the same time impart knowledge, or rather implanting the desire to aequire knowledge in the minds of his pupils. The strength of his days given to the arduous profession of teaching, was not, alone for the small pecuniary reward that it brought, but also for the delight he felt in developing the mind and doing what he might to form habits and principles which should develop into high and noble characters, going forth to bless generations and the world at large. His interest in his pupils did not cease with their relations in the school room, but followed them out into life's battles' rejoicing in their success and grieving over their failures. The influence of this period of his life will doubtless be felt for good through ti me and eternity. Ile also filled the responsible office of school examiner from 1642 until the time of his death. In 1840, he was one of the originators of the Union Sabbath school of Mount Pleasant and served as a member of its executive committee for more than twenty years, and was afterward for nearly fourteen years superintendent of the Friends' Sabbath school, attending that in the morning' and much of the time a mission school in the atternoon. In 1841, he was united in marriage to Sarah E. Updegraff, eldest daughter of David and Rebecca T. Updegraff. This union was a long and eminently happy one. A friend to humanity' he was an earnest advocate of freedom, and belonged to the Liberty party, also abstaining for many years from un- requieted toil of the slaves, and laboring in every way in his power for his emancipation and also for the amelioration of the condition of the Indians. An unflinching temperance man of latter years, a Prohibitionist, voting from principle, as ho prayed. He was, during a large part of his life, extensively known and highly esteemed as an active worker in the Society of Friends, giving his Sympathy and aid to every department of missionary labor in which the church was engaged. Whatever cause tended to bless and elevate humanity enlisted his interest and earnest effort, being always ready to labor energetically when he felt he could be useful and make the world better and happier for his having lived in it; and during the forty years of his residence in Mount Pleasant, he was closely identified with the intellectual, philanthropic and religious interest of that place and surrounding country. He was thoroughly evangelical in his religious views, an unfaltering believer in the redemption that comes only through our Lord Jesus Christ, earnestly desiring that the doctrines of the Gospel should be promulgated in all their fullness. In the confident hope of a glorious immortality, be fell asleep in Jesus on the 20th of March, 1879, in the 67th year of his age. THE STANTON FAMILY. BENJAMIN AND ABAGAIL MACY STANTON are in the last decades given mention in .history as the grandparents of Edwin M. Stanton. They lived many years in North Carolina, but were of New England birth. Abagail, previous to her marriage was a Macy, of Nantucket, and related with the Coffins and Folgers' all families intimately connected with the local history of that Island and made illustrious by the many descended from them of marked force and intelligence. These qualities did not he downward with Abagial Stanton. Soon after her husband's death, she with her large family of children, some of them quite young, turned her face toward the remote and then almost unexplored wilderness west of the Ohio river. She made the journey with a considerable body, all members of the Society of Friends' who like herself felt the gall of slavery's presence too keenly to remain longer under its shadow. They remained in Western Pennsylvania until land could be entered from the government, then hastened on., crossing the river at what is now known as Portland, fourteen miles below. Steubenville. The trees had to be felled before the teams could proceed to where Mt. Pleasant now stands. The wagon of Abagail Stanton is said to have been the first to avail of this inroad of civilization on nature's domain. This was in the year 1800. She located on section 23, one mile west of Mt. Pleasant. Part of this is now known as the Griffith farm. In the 1806 the stipulated payments of $2.00 per acre, being made a parchment deed froth. the government was given for the whole section, signed by Thomas Jefferson. president., and James Madison, secretary of state. Abagail Stanton retained four hundred and eighty acres of this. Here, under the difficulties of pioneer life she established a home under an administration so wise that as her children reached the age to pass out in the world, it was to positions of honor and usefulness. It was David her eldest son who married Lucy Norman. These were the parents of Edwin M. Stanton. During that eventful period in which he held the position of secretary of war, he paid a beautiful tribute to the memory of his grandmother. A committee of Friends from the yearly meeting held at Race street, Philadelphia, was delegated to visit Washington, call upon the president and heads of the government departments to prevent certain interests of the slaves and plead with those in power to direct this towards unfettering them, Secretary Stanton with much feeling assured this committee that while the memory of the inheritance bequeathed by his grandmother, in toiling from a slave state with her children about her, that they might have the vigor from the freedom of the North, remained, and while he could recall words he had heard from her lips while seated a little child near her feet in in the gallery of the Friends' meetings, he would never neglect his duty to the slave. Though not recorded as a minister of the Society, she was a woman active in the administration of affairs HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 545 of the church, and doubtless her voice was often heard in wise counsel. In those days the capacity of the meeting-houses frequently illy accommodated the number assembling, and the lit-tie children were glad of seats on the gallery steps. Benjamin, a younger son of Abagail Stanton, while pursuing the study of medicine in Wheeling, "Virginia, shared his room with Benjamin Lundy. The two young men were closely attached to each other, and also in especial sympathy on that vital subject, slavery, which claimed a life long interest from both. This intimacy continued through the 'life of Lundy, and the thmily of Dr. Stanton, at their home in Salem, Ohio, still preserve a worn copy of the first prospectus issued for publishing in Mt. Pleasant Ohio, a, periodical work to be entitled, The Genius of Universal Emancipation," with the solitary name of Benjamin Stanton appended as subscriber. In this family is also preserved the clock which the provident grandmother preserved in bringing from the Carolina. home, carefully packed among her few necessities in such a way as to prevent it from being burdensome. Its face beams down with as much dignity as though it had never known the pesence of low cabin joists, and its tick-tock is as heartsome as when it measured the swift year that carried the infant son and daughters from the mother's arms out into the world and to homes of their own. Abagail Stanton retained the comfortable home which she had made in the wilderness until 1817, when her children having scattered, and age making inroads, she sold it to her son-in-law, Aaron Brown. In 1818 it was again sold to Evan Griffith from Chester county, Pennsylvania. This farm is still in the possession of the descendants of Evan Griffith, and is the home of Able M. Walker, formerly of York county, Pennsylvania. PLEASANT H. UNDERWOOD, (colored), was born in Goochland county, Va., January 18, 1791. He was born a slave, but liberated by his mistress. His mother was freed at the same time. He traveled as a hired servant for several years and went into many parts of the country. After arriving at the age of man hood he started to Philadelphia, where his mother lived, to see her, but on his way learning that she was dead, he turned his ceurse to Mount. Pleasant, ROBERT B. LAWRENCE was born July 24, 1823, in Virginia, son of Thomas and Isabella Lawrence. His parents were both natives of that state. His father was a farmer and speculator, and like many of the natives, possessed about 500 acres of land. He died in 1857. The mother died in 1824. .Robert, our subject, was raised a farmer and emigrated with his father to Ohio in 1832, and settled in Mount Pleasant. He was married to Miss Tacy Bates, daughter of Dr. Bates of Smithfield, Jefferson county. After his marriage he settled on part of his father's farm, southwest of Mount Pleasant' the farm now owned by Mr. Harrison. He reared a family of six children, five of whom are now living. He resided on his father's farm about eight years, then went to Illinois and resided there about six months, then returned to Ohio and resided for a time on Lupton's farm and afterwards on N. Updegraff's farm. He then purchased the farm on which he now resides, in 1878. This farm contains 152i acres of good land. Mr. Lawrence is now in his 56th year. HENRY HEBERLING.—Andrew Heberling, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, emigrated from Germany during the Revolotionary war, and settled in Chester county, Pa., where he was the father of four sons, John, George, Jacob and Andrew, and four daughters. John' the father of Henry, removed to Gerrardtown, Berkeley county, Va.., when young ; served an apprenticeship to blacksmithing ; set up business for himself and married Mary Crunely, of 'English and Scotch parentage in 1806. In 1809 he purchased a farm two miles up the valley, toward Winchester, where he carried on blacksmithing and farming until 1824, when he sold out, and with seven sons and three dughters, of whom Henry was the eldest, he removed to Harrison county, Ohio, and settled six miles east of Cadiz, 69—B. & J. Cos. where he arrived in the spring of 1817. He turned in and attended school under the instruction of Dr. Parker for some years, He, in the meantime, be, ame acquainted with Jane Englehart, whom he married in 1820, and commenced farming for a living. When what is generally known as the underground railroad got into operation, Mr. Underwood took a prominent part in running passengers over it. He devoted a large portion of his time for several years to the business. His wife died in 1863. He raised a family of nine children—seven sons and two daughter. One of his sons stud- ied for the ministry, in which he is engaged ; another is engaged in a printing office in Wasington City. where he pisplayed for many years that industry, economy and honesty which characterized many of the early settlers of this excellent neighborhood, among whom were many Friends or Quakers. John Heberling, though quiet and entirely unassuming, was widely known as a farmer of more than ordinary skill and enterprise, taking the first premiums at the county lairs for the best improved and best conducted farm in the county. He served as justice of the peace some years, settling most controversies among his neighbors without cost of suit. His acknowledged uprightness of character, soundness of judgment, liberality and kindness to his hired hands and to the poor, gave him a social influence seldom attained in the humbler walks of life. Self educated and self reliant, his books snowed perfect order in business, and his library very considerable machanical, historical and scientific research. Though strictly moral and exemplary, he was too liberal to become a member of any religious denomination, and too charitable to condemn another for honest religious opinions, however Unreasonable in themselves. An enthusiastic admirer of nature, he " looked up through nature to nature's God,". with the profoundest emotions of gratitude and sometimes vocal praise. he departed this life in Georgetown, Harrison county, in 1864, aged 88, and Mary, his wife' died March 12, the same year, aged 81. Their seven sons, Henry, John, Hiram' William' George, James, Andrew, and two daughters—Eliza Ada and Rebecca Lewis, still survive at this date, 1879. Mary J. Holmes, the youngest daughter, having departed this life in 1856. Henry, the subject of this memoir, was born in Gerrardstown, Berkeley county, Va., July 5, 1807 ; was raised to farming and blacksmithing; went to school a few months at 22 years of age ; afterwards applied himself to school teaching and house carpentering, and subsequently to the manufacture of agricultural machinery. Being of an inquiring turn of mind, he repaired his lack of school education to some extent by utilizing his spare hours in lyceum exercises. The contemplation of the wisdom and goodness displayed in nature, excited in him an ardent desire to know something of the great author of being to whose goodness we owe all things. After lengthened exercises of mind he experienced a change of heart while in the woodsalone at night, when all nature was turned into beauty, and was transformed into an object of love. He soon felt an anxiety that others might realize the same happy experience, and began to speak in public at Westgrove among Friends. Being entirely void of sectarian feeling, he passed some years without uniting with any branch of the church. Meantime the Methodist Protestant church had organized at Georgetown, Harrison county, on a basis opposed to episcopacy and tolerating freedom of opinion in religious belief. About the year 1831 he united with this church, and soon had conferred on him, without his solicitation; license to preach; and soon after elder's orders. He continued to preach on Sabbaths as a local preacher' except one year that he rode Pleasant Grove circuit. He married Hannah, daughter of Morgan and Mary Lewis, in 1835, and continued to manufacture machinery at Georgetown and Steubenville until 1856, when he turned his attention to wool growing in Belmont county, and in 1865 leased the farm of J. H. Gill, near Mt. Pleasant, for five years. At the end of this term he removed to the village of Mt. Pleasant, where he and sons opened a shoe, grocery and variety store. He has four sons and two daughters. Warren, the eldest, married in Bath, 111., about 1868, where he and William, the third son, continue to reside. John, the second son, makes his home with his parents, and is introducing a sewing machine of his own invention. Henry, junior, is also at home running the store, Irene and Lettie are both teaching— the former in Mt. Pleasant and the latter in Smithfield, at this date September, 1879. Mr. Heberling continues to preach statedly as a local minister in the Methodist Protestant church, now in his 73d year. CHARLES BURKE.—Charles Burke is a native of Lancaster county, Pa. His parents were natives of the same state, He was born February 28, 1825, was the second of the family. His father died at York, Pa., about 1833, and was buried in State Ridge Cemetery, near Little York. In 1846 Mr. Burke emigrated to Ohio, and settled in the neighborhood of Trenton, and worked sometime for Samuel Griffith ; afterwards worked for George I. Evans, remaining with him about four years. While living with Mr. Evans he was married November 2, 1848, to Miss Rebecca L. Scott, daughter of Joseph Scott, of Pleasant Grove, Belmont county, 0. After his marriage he lived in Trenton nine years, then bought a small farm in the township, and remained there five years, then removed to the farm of Samuel Griffith, were he remained six years. le then bought the farm 546 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. he now resides on, containing 118 acres. They have reared a family of three children, two sons and one daughter. His grandfather was a native of Wales. Job Scott, father of Mrs. Burke, is now one of the oldest citizens of Colerain township, Belmont county, being horn in 1789. JOSIAH HALL.—The subject of this sketch was born Nov. 22, 1841, on the farm now owned by John Smith. He is the only son of Nathan and Sarah Hall. He married in 1865 Deborah Wilson, daughter of Joseph and Eliza Nilson, who were natives of Smyrna, Ohio. Ile has a family of one son and three daughters, and now resides on the farm originally owned by John Hall. He came to it at the time of his marriage. WILLIAM B. HUMPHREYVILLE.—The subject of this sketch was born April 25, 1805, his father dying while he was young he was brought under the care of his mother. His parents were Ebenezer Humphreyville and Susan B. Mayer. In 1827, on Easter day, he left Lancaster for Mount Pleasant, Ohio, and traveled the whole distance on foot. The first female Mr. Humphreyville saw in Mount Pleasant was a young girl named Sarah Dew, who was scrubbing the floor. This young lady, who was the daughter of Joseph and Fanny Dew, Mr. Humphreyville afterwards married. The first house he entered he took boarding at, and afterward bought and has lived in it all his lifetime. This house is one of the old landmarks of Mount Pleasant, being one of the first houses built in the place, It is a hewed log building, weather boarded, and is in a good state of preservation. Mr. Humphreyville has reared a family of eight children, five sons and three daughters, Susannah, William, Alexander D., Theodore, Juliana, Ensley, Fanny D. and Henry L. Mrs. Humphreyville died February 3, 1877. Mr. Humphreyville is now the only male now living that was here in 1827. Now in the evening of his life, enjoying the respect of all his acquaintances, with the consciousness of a well spent life, Ile calmly and serenely awaits the summons to call him hence. ROBERT SMITH was born near Barnesville, Belmont county ; is a son of Robert H. and Elizabeth W. Smith, and a brother of John W. Smith. He has always been a farmer. He farmed four years on his father's farm in his native county, then he came to his brother John's farm in Jefferson county, where he remained two years, when he bought the farm on which he now resides. He was married in 1860, to Rebecca Stanton, a relative of the late E. M. Stanton, secretary of war under Lincoln's administration. They have a family of three children. He received his education in the country schools and in the Friends' boarding school. at Mount Pleasant.. His farm is situated on Long run and contains 142 acres of good land. BRADWAY THOMAS was born in Harrison county, Ohio, in Short Creek township, May 16, 1815. He is a son of Peter and Mary Thomas. His father emigrated from Virginia to Ohio many years ago and finally settled on the firm on which Bradway was born. Peter Thomas was married to Mary Thompson in 1808. They reared a family of twelve children, all of whom grew to years of manhood and womanhood. Of this number four have died. The father of the subject of this sketch, Peter Thomas, died in 1864 ; the mother died in 1861. Bradway Thomas came to the farm he now resides on, in Mount Pleasant township, in 1846. He was married to Miss Rachel Hall, daughter of Thomas Hall, November 30, 1837. They have reared a of five children, all of whom are still living. Mrs. Thomas' father, who is now in his 91st year, was born in North Carolina in 1788, and came to Ohio in 1802, with his father, who was born in North Carolina in 1751, and settled on the farm now owned by William Hall, Jr. They from the government 740 acres in all. Thomas Hall now lives with his daughter, Mrs. Bradway Thomas. Bradway Thomas' grandfather, Isaac Thomas, was born in 1754 and died in 1825, aged seventy-one years. He belonged to the Society of Friends it Mount Pleasant. He is also a. birthright member of the Friends' Society, as is also his estimable wife. Mr. Smith's farm is one of the most beautiful in the township. It contains 137 acres of choice land and the improvements are all first-class, and in a rood neighborhood. ELLWOOD RADCLIFF was born in Charles City county, Va., thirty miles below Richmond, on James river, in 1805. He is a son of Isaac and Margaret Radcliff. At the age of twenty years he married Miss Mary Ellis, daughter of Jonathan Ellis, who then lived in Belmont county, O. After his marriage he turned his attention to farming, and continued in that pursuit forty years. They have reared a family of two sons, William R., the oldest, and Isaac K. The oldest son is engaged in the mercantile trade at Martin's Ferry, O. The youngest is cashier of the First National Bank of Mount Pleasant. Mr. Radcliff is now in his 74th year, and is a birth-right member of the Society of Friends; live in Mount Pleasant, surrounded by everything that tends to promote happiness and comfort. It was Isaac Radcliff who laid out the town of Trenton in 1815. A. M. WALKER.—The father of the subject of this sketch, Joel Walker, emigrated with his family in 1838 from York county, Pa., and first settled in Smithfield township, where he remained two years, then removed to Belmont county, and settled on a farm. He died in 1878, and his wife in 1877. They reared a family of eight children, six sons and two daughters. One of these sons, Joel Walker, now owns this old homestead in Belmont county. Another of the sons, A. R. Walker, and subject of our sketch, was born in York county, Pa., September 14th, 1827. He married Miss Amy Griffith, daughter of Samuel Griffith, who formerly lived near Philadelphia, Eleventh month second day, 1854, and settled on the farm where he now resides in Mount Pleasant township, known as the old Griffith homestead. They nave reared a family of three children, all living. JOHN THOMPSON.—Aaron Thompson, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a native of Eastern Pennsylvania. He married Sarah Baldwin. In 1801. or 1802 he left his wife and children at a place called Red Stone, in Pennsylvania, and came to Ohio to prospect for land. He halted in the vicinity of Mount Pleasant, and bought 160 acres of land of Benjamin. Stanton at $2.25 an acre, going in debt for part of the pay. He also bought an axe from Stanton and commenced work on his land, but soon became discouraged and abandoned it, returning the axe and receiving his money for it, he set out for where his family was. Having traveled one day and night coming, he came to a log tavern beyond the Ohio river where he stopped for the night, and slept on the floor with his feet to the fire. When morning came it was bright and clear, and Aaron concluded to take the back track, and came to the land be had purchased, got his axe back and went to work with a will, not allowing himself to be discouraged by any one. He soon had a cabin erected and went and brought his family to it. When Mr. Thompson came to this county there was DO cleared land and but few settlers. By hard labor and preserverance he cleared out this- beautiful farm, where he died in 1838. It was on this farm that John Thompson was born, June 28;1803, and grew up to manhood, and where he now lives. He was married to Miss Sarah Patton in 1826. They reared a family of four children, but one of whom is now living. One son, William, enlisted in the late war and died in Bolivar, Tennessee. Mrs. Thompson died in 1873, and Mr. Thompson now lives alone, and expects to end his days on the old homestead. MRS. SARAH MCGLENN—The grandfather of this lady,. William McCaughey-, emigrated from Ireland and settled in Lancaster county, Pa. He married Miss Margaret Jackson, a cousin of "Old Hickory" seventh president of the United States. They reared a family of six children, two sons and four daughters, The youngest daughter named Elizabeth, and 'mother of our sketch, was born March 8, 1788, and married Robert Pollock or Polk, about 1811. This Mr. Pollock was a cousin of President Polk, and served in the war of 1812. He died in 1832. She married for a second husband' James Hogue, in 1825, by which marriage they reared a family of three children, one son and two daughters—Elizabeth, Sarah and James Newton. The second daughter, Sarah, the subject of our sketch, married Thomas McGlenn, June 13, 1861. They reared a family of two children, one son and one daughter—James Averill and Alma Reed. Mr. McGlenn died May 3, 1870. Mrs. Hogue, mother of Mrs. McGlenn, now 1879' in her 92d year, is still living and resides with her daughter Mrs. King, in Mount Pleasant. When Mrs. Hogue first saw Mount Pleasant in 1806, there were but three houses in the place, Benjamin Scott's tavern, opposite where the Burriss House now stands ; a dwelling-house east of where Thomas Horton's store is, and Jesse Thomas' house in west part of the village. William McCaughey, grandfather of Mrs. McGlenn, was in the battle of Bunker Hill, and most of the engagements of the Revolution. He served through the entire war. In the fall 1806, he crossed the Ohio river at Wellsburg, on his way to his new home. He followed down the river to the mouth of Short creek, thence followed up that HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 547 to the mouth of Little Short creek, where he ascended stream the bills, and settled on Irish ridge, on the farm now owned by his granddaughter, Mrs. McGlenn. His was the second team that had ever passed over that route-Mr. Tygart's was the first. When Mr. McCaughey first came to the farm there was a tavern on the premises, a double log house, with a space between the buildings. This was the first tavern in the country. The new corners were met by the hospitable landlord, with his bottle of whisky to treat them in true backwoods style. This tavern was rented until spring, so Mr. McCaughey had to move into a cabin that stood on another part of the farm. In 1807 Mr. McCaughey went east and brought home with him an apple, the seeds of which were planted by his little daughter, Margaret, from these seeds grew a tree that is still vigorous and bears good crops of fruit. AARON BLACKLEDGE was born August 24, 1827, near Somerton, Belmont county, Ohio. He is a son of Robert H. and Esther Blackledge. His. father was a native of Bucks county, Pa., and was born February 7, 1794. His mother was a native of Chester county, Pa., and born in 1798, and died in 1846, in her 48th year. Robert Blackledge emigrated with his parents to Greene county, Pa., at Rice's Landing, remained there until he was eight years of age, then with his father, William Blackledge,who was the grandfather of our subject, came and settled near Trenton, on the farm now owned by William Mitchner. This William Blackledge, was a native of Bucks county, Pa., and born September 8, 1772, and died in his 80th year; his wife was born August 2, 1769, and died October 21, 1855, in her 87th year. Aaron Blackledge, our subject, was married to Miss Lydia Dungan, October 9, 1850. They reared a family of three children. His wife died July 15, 1859. His father is now in his 86th year, resides with him, and has resided on this old hemestead about forty-nine years. This farm was bought from the government by Benjamin Stanton, sold by Stanton to John who improved it and sold it to Aaron Thompson and seld by Thompson to Robert Blackledge, the present owner, and father of Aaron. ELISHA PACKER.-The subject of this sketch is a native of this state, having been born on Long run, Mount Pleasant town- ship, near the old Bracken factory' October 30, 1821. He is the son of Aaron and Rebecca Packer, who were both natives of Pennsylvania. His father was born in Elk county, that state, and afterwards removed to Chester county, and from thence to Jefferson county, Ohio, in 1821, and settled in this township on tract number, ten. He shortly after removed and settled near by, On the place where Elisha, was born. He finally removed from Jefferson county to Clark county, Ohio, in 1864, where he died June 24, 1878. The mother died in 1852, at the residence of her son Elisha, aged sixty-six years. Elisha Packer commencedmenced on his own responsibility at the age of twenty-one, by clearing and fencing fourteen acres of land, receiving for his labor two crops from the land he cleared. His farm of 178 ½ acres came into his possession, not by inheritance, but by hard labor. He is what we call a self-made man. He also owns 100 acres of choice land in Colerain township, Belmont county, Ohio. Besides following farming, he is extensively engaged in shipping stock to the eastern markets, leaving the care of the farm to his sons. Mr: Packer was married to Miss Asenath Mendenhall, daughter of Israel Mendenhall, of Harrison county, Ohio, in the fall of 1844. By this marriage he had seven boys. His wife died January 7, 1858. Ho married for a second wife Miss Grace McBride, September 18' 1860. By this last marriage he had three children, all living. His oldest son by his first wife died soon after his mother's death. Mr. Packer, now in his 58th year' is still actively engaged in the pursuits of business. GEORGE I. EVANS was born in Montgomery county, Pa., August 31, 1812. Came to Ohio June 26, 1830, and settled in the neighborhood of Trenton' Mt. Pleasant township. He was a son of Jonathan and Elizabeth Evans. His father was born in Montgomery county, Pa., in 1778, and died April 7, 1844, aged 66 years. His grandfather was born in 1733, and died in 1818, aged 85 years. His great-grandfather, Thomas Evans' was born April 11, 1695. Mr. George I. Evans is the thirty-sixth generation in descent from ancestors as traced back. He can follow back his mother's ancestors to the year 1236. Mr. Evans was married first to Sarah Griffith, who died in 1846. He married for a second wife, Mary P. Richards, a native of Pennsylvania. She died September 20, 1876, during her visit to the Centennial Exposition, at Philadelphia. He had by his first I-69—B. & J. Cos. wife five children-one son and four daughters ; by his second wife, one daughter. Mr. Evans is now in his 67th year, and resides in Trenton, Jefferson county. W. HEATON.-The subject of this sketch was born in Lancashire, England, January 20, 1812. His parents were William and Ann Heaton, who were also natives of England. His father emigrated to New jersey in 1819, and finally settled in Pennsylvania' near the Jersey line, where he followed all kinds of weaving until a few years prior to his death. W. Heaton, our subject, left Pennsylvania and came to Ohio, in 1836, and settled in Trenton, where he now resides, and follows weaving. He was married to Rachel Stratling in 1836. They reared a family of two children one son and one daughter. His wife died in 1864. GEORGE P. CLARK was born near West Chester, in Chester county, Pa., October '23, 1816. His parents, Robert and Jane Clark, were both natives of the same state. They emigrated with their family to near St. Clairsville, Belmont county, and Bettled on a farm. The family consisted of six children, of whom George P. was the oldest. His father died February 23, 1873; his mother, February 13, 1877. Mr. Clark was married to Miss Samaria Robinson in 1840. They have reared a family of seven children-three sons and four daughters. Mr. Clark is now in his 63d year, hale and healthy, and resides on his model farm, one mile west of Mount Pleasant. THOMAS HORTON was. born in Chester, Delaware county, Pa., June 24, 1822 ; came with his parents to Belmont county in 1829 ; married Miss Rebecca Street, December 22, 1848, who died December 9, 1860. They reared a family of three children-two sons and one daughter. Johnathan S., born October 8, 1849; Joseph M., born September 18, 1852; Elizabeth Agnes, born May 3, 1857. Mrs. Horton died April 4, 1830. Mr. Horton married fora second wife Miss Phoebe Morris, daughter of Lewis and Sidney Morris. This marriage took place April 27, 1865. This lady was born in Belmont county, April 24, 1824. Mr. Horton, in early life, learned the potter trade, which he followed tor some years. He then learned the carpenter trade, at which he worked until 1848, when he engaged in the mercantile business in Farmington, Belmont county, at which place he continued until 1861, when he removed to Manles and sold goods thirteen years. He then removed to Mount Pleasant, where he continues the mercantile business to the present time. Mr. Horton, by his strict honesty and genial disposition, enjoys the respect of his fellow-men wherever he. is known. JOHN W. SMITH- The subject of this sketch was born in Belmont county, Ohio, January 1, 1825, is the son of Robert and Elizabeth Smith. His father was a native of Virginia, and was born October 31, 1801. He was married to Elizabeth Williams, December 4, 1822. They reared a family of eight children ; John W. being the oldest. Thomas Smith, grandfather of our subject; was born 1765, in Virginia, and emrgrated. to Belmont county, Ohio, in 1812. Robert, the father of our subject, being the youngest of the family. Thomas Smith died in 1834, his wife in 1854, aged ninety. Robert Smith died in 1878, in his 77th year ; his wife, Mrs. Elizabeth Smith, now in her 76th year, still resides on the old homestead in Belmont county. John W. Smith was married to Miss Maria Hall, daughter of Nathan Hall, April 27, 1848; she died January 9' 1867. He married for a second wife, Mrs. Edith Hall' daughter of Peter Thomas. By his first wife he had three children ; but one of Ahem survives. After his first marriage he settled near Flushing, Belmont county, remained there two years, then came to his present location, near Mount Pleasant, in 1850. He received most of his education, at the Friends' boarding school in Mount Pleasant. He and his wife are both birthright members of the Society of Friends. Mr. Smith's farm is one of the most beautiful in the country. It contains 137 acres and all the improvements about it are first-class, MILTON R. PETTIT, the subject of this sketch, was born July 14, 1822, in Columbiana county, Ohio. He was born on a farm and received his education in the schools of his .native county. In his earlier years he taught school and clerked in stores. In 1844 he was married to Hannah G. Grubb, of Jefferson county, by whom he had six children, five of whom survive. Mrs. Pettit died in 1857. He married, December 1, 1858, for a seesond wife, Miss Sarah Ladd, of Harrison county, by whom he had two children; but one living. Mr. Pettit also followed 548 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. farming until 1871, when he was compelled by failing health to retire from active business. In 1861, he was recorded a minister of the gospel in the Society of Friends, and since that time has been laboring for the cause of his Master, as health permitted, to. the present time. PETTIT FAMILY RECORD. William Pettit, Sr., born First month, 1736. William Pettit, Jr., born 7th of Eleventh month, 1748. Sarah Pettit, born 25th of Eleventh month, 1748. William Pettit, son. of William, Jr., and Sarah Pettit, born 18th of Fourth month, 1773. Mary Pettit, wife of William Pettit, Jr., born 6th of Seventh month, 1782, Milton R. Pettit, son of William and Mary Pettit, born 14th of seventh month' 1822. WILLIAM J. WATERMAN was born July 29, 1816, in Chester County, Pa., and emigrated when a small boy, with his parents, to Trenton, Jefferson county, Ohio. He was a son of Charles and Rebecca Waterman, who were both natives of Pennsylvania. His father was a cabinet maker, and once bought a property from a Mr. Wood for ten bureaus at $10 each. This same property is now owned by a man named Heater', in Trenton. Mr. Waterman was married in 1847, to Miss Phebe Roberts, of the same village. They have reared a family of three children, all boys—George R., Israel and Charles. The oldest son, George 11., died in Cincinnati in 1876. Israel is a silversmith in Reading, Pa. The youngest remains at home. Mr. Waterman is in his 65th year, hale and healthy, and works at the carpenter trade, which be has followed most of the time since he has lived here. John B. BECK was born February 3, 1837, on the same farm he now resides on. He is the son of John and Martha Beck. His father was a native of this state, his mother of Pennsylvania. His grandfather was the first officer of Steubenville, and afterwards moved to Kentucky, but came back to Athens county, Ohio, where he died. John B. Beck was married to Miss Sarah Yost, daughter of Isaac. Yost. Her father is now eighty-four years old. Her grandfather died at the age Of ninety-nine. Mr. Beck was raised a farmer and still resides on the old homestead. He served one and a half years in the army during the rebellion. Me enlisted in the 4th Virginia cavalry. JEREMIAH WALKER.—The subject of this sketch was born in York Penn., November19th, 1829. He was the son of Joel. Walker, and cane with his parents to Ohio in 1838. They first settled in Smithfield township, where they resided two years.. They then moved and settled in Belmont county, on the farm now owned by Joel Walker. Joel Walker, Sen., died in 1878, his wife died in 1877. They left a family of eight children, six eons and two ,daughters. Mr. Walker, our subject, was married to Ruth Hannah McMillan, daughter of Mahlon McMillan. Mrs. Walker's father, Mahlon McMillan, was a native of York county, Penn., but at the age of twenty-one he went to Cecil county, Md., to learn the trade of miller. While there he married. Rachel Richards, a native of that county. Thomas McMillan, grandfather of Mrs. Walker, was born May 14th, 1762. Her grandmother, Ruth Moore, was born January 23d, 1763. Mr. Walker has reared a family of five children, all boys. The farm he now resides on is known as the Mahlon McMillan homestead. It is pleasantly located in a fine neighborhood, and is well improved, the improvements being all his own work. It may justly be called the model farm of the "Ridge." BENJAMIN COMLY.—The subject of this sketch was born in Smithfield township' Jefferson county, May, 9,1827 ; was the son of David and Sarah Comly. His father was a native of Washington county, Pa. He was born in 1798, and emigrated to Ohio in 1812, and settled on Big Short creek, on the farm. formerly owned by Jacob Holmes. Holmes got this farm for his services as a spy in the Revolutionary war, and on it was built the first Methodist Church in Ohio. Mr. Comly's father followed farming during his life, and died in 1866, aged sixty-eight years. Benjamin Comly was married to Miss Mary E. Hope, daughter of William S. Hope, in 185S. They have but two children, both daughters, Eva and Annie B. Mr. Comly no resides near Mount Pleasant, and owns the old Comly homestead, and is still proud to be called a farmer. He has always been an active politician, taking a position in the front ranks in 41 political campaigns. S. M. GRUBB was born May 20, 1830, near Mt. Pleasant, on the farm where he now resides. His parents, Curtis and Ann Grubb, came to this county from Wilmington, Del., in 1806 and settled on what is called Big Short Creek, where his father followed farming. He married Mrs. Ann Crosier (formerly Foulke.) Their family consisted of one son and four daughters. Our subject, S. M. Grubb, is the only one left of this family. His father died November 16, 1833, aged 84, and his mother Nov. 1, 1873, aged 81. His sisters : Hannah G. died June 19, 1857 ; Mary T. died January 14, 1853 ; Elizabeth M. died February 26, 1851 ; .Lydia H. died November 27, 1855. Mr. Grubb married Edith Griffith, April 11,1866. They have reared a family of three daughters. He now resides on his farm near Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, surrounded by every comfort that man could desire. CHARLES ZEYER.—Charles Zeyer was born in Germany, April 28, 1830. He emigrated to this country in 1853. He worked in a vineyard for a man named John Stevens, near St. Clairsville, afterwards with Charles Shoemaker, and then with Conrad Troll. He then married Catharine Hotz, and came to the farm on which he now resides, in Mount Pleasant township. His parents were natives of Germany, and died there, His father died in 1850, and his mother in 1848. He had three sisters and one brother, but none of them. ever emigrated. He has reared a family of ten children, eight sons and two daughters. Mrs. Zeyer is also a native of Germany, and came to this country soon after her husband. Mr. Zoyer owns two farms, one in Belmont.county of forty-three and a half acres, the other in Jefferson county of sixty-six and a half acres, all well improved, well stocked, and good land. SAMUEL J. HAWTHORN.—The subject of this sketch is among: the oldest of the early settlers of this section, having come with his father to Jefferson county When only seven years old. His parents were natives of Ireland, and came to Pennsylvania in 1786, and settled on a farm near Taylorstown, in Washington county, the family consisting of eleven children. Four of them were born in Ireland, the remaining seven were born in Washington county, Pennsylvania. All that survive of this large family, are Mrs: Hannah Henderson, wife of Alexander Henderson, of Barrisville, Ohio, and our subject, Samuel J. Hawthorn. William Hawthorn, the father of Samuel J. Hawthorn, came to Jefferson county in 1808, and purchased the farm now owned by Samuel where he died in 1837, aged 85. His wife who was Hannah Bigham, died in 1842, aged 85. Mr. Hawthorn, the subject of our article, was married to Hannah Hutchinson in 1833. She died in 1842. Four years after his first wife's death, he married Jane Armstrong. By his first wife, be had five ehildren, but one of them now living; by his second wife he had seven children, three of whom are living. He had three sons in the late war, one of whom was taken prisoner, and died in Andersonville prison. One served the entire period of the war, the other served one year, at the close of the war. He enlisted in Indiana, and went out as first lieutenant. Mr. Haw thorn was born in 1797, and with the exception of four years, has resided on one farm since he came to Jefferson comity, and still retains his mental faculties. JOSEPH RUSSELL—The subject of this sketch was a son of James and Sarah Russell. He was born in Frederick county Virginia, near Winchester. His father was a native of Maryland, his mother a native of Virginia, They were married in 1768, and reared a family of six children, and emigrated to Ohio in 1815. Joseph Russell, was the fourth child. His brother James resides in Smithfield township, and his only sister, Mary resides with him. The other members of the family are all dead. In 1848, Joseph, our subject, married Miss Hannah Ann Hancock, who died in 1849. They had one child, a daughter, who is now the wife of Thomas Stanley of Mahoning county, Ohio. His next marriage was to Miss Martha Rally, October 30, 1872, of Belmont county, Ohio. By this marriage they have one daughter.. Mr. Russell was raised on a farm and educated in the old style, but attended for a while the Mount Pleasant boarding School. Mrs Russell also received her education at the same school. Mr. Russell pays strict attention to raising fine sheep and his clips of wool always bring the highest price in the market, on account of its good quality and the care with which he handles it. His farm is a model of neatness, and one of the best in the county. WILLAM THOMPSON, SR.—This old gentleman is also a son of Aaron Thompson and the history of his parents is found in the preceeding sketch of John Thompson. William Thompson, HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 549 was born in Pennsylvania, in 1801, and came with his parents to Ohio, when he was a small boy. Ho recollects the first cabins and the first settlers of this section. He remembers Abram Farington, who built a three cornered cabin on the farm now owned by Mr. Brown, and a hewed log house' the first one he ever saw, built by William Foreman, which now stands on the farm of Robert Smith. Mr. Thompson was first married in 1825 to Rachel Vernon, daughter of Amos and Mary. Vernon, of Belmont county, Ohio. Mrs. Thompson's parents were natives of Georgia. They reared a family of eight children, only three of them now living, William, Israel, and Aaron. Mrs. Thompson died in 1864. Mr. Thompson next married Mrs. Mary Vernon Craft, December 19, 1868. his present wife was but one year old at the time of his first marriage, and he himself is two years older than his mother–in-law. Mrs Thompson's second husband, Mr. Craft was killed while on picket duty near a house on the northerly side of Bald mountain. Mr. Thompson is now in his seventy-ninth year, and has seen many trials and hardships. SMITHFIELD TOWNSHIP. The territory comprised within this township was detached by the commissioners from Short Creek, and organized into a new township, November 7,1805. The election was ordered to be held at the house of William Stewart. It was named after the village—Smithfield. TOPOGRAPHY. The surface of the country is high and rolling, in many places hilly and rough, but it has a very strong limestone soil that produces abundant crops of all the grains and grasses. Coal, which underlies this whole region of country, is the principal mineral. It is almost exclusively used for domestic as well as mechanical purposes. EARLY FARMING. The chief dependence of the farmers for support for their families—as well as sources of revenue—was the raising of wheat and corn. The wheat was largely manufactured into flour, whieh was shipped in flatboats down the Ohio to New Orleans and intermediate points, while the corn was fed to hogs, whieh were slaughtered here and their meat manufaetured into bacon, whieh was hauled in wagons over the mountains to Baltimore, where It was sold. These industries, commencing at an early date, were vigorously carried on until about 1845, when the overtaxed soil began to show signs of exhaustion, and it became necessary to resort to other pursuits for revenue. Wool growing soon assumed a prominent place in agricultural pursuits, and gradually increased until 1865; when it had become the great' staple article of trade for the community, and pork packing had ceased. Sinee this wool growing has been the leading pursuit of the farmers, and to-day there are to be found in this vicinity flocks of as fine thorough bred sheep as in any other portion of this country. While a large portion of the attention of farmers has been given to wool growing, other kinds of stock have not been neglected. Pure blooded horses and cattle of beautiful forms and symmetry of shape are everywhere found throughout the township. EARLY SETTLERS. The exact date of the first settlement, or the names of the first individuals who made it, cannot at this day be ascertained with certainty. There is a probabilitythat among the very first to build their cabins and settle within the limits of Smithfield township, were two squatters, named Simpson and Tyson. They squatted about one-half mile south of the village, on land which was afterward entered by William Kirk, and is now owned by William Purviance, Jr. It is not certain what year they came. They left in 1800. It is well known that nearly all the permanent early settlers wore members of the Society of Friends, most of whom came from the southern states' having left that pleasant land on account of their abhorrence of the institution of slavery. Sometime from 1798 to 1800 a company of five or six families of this class of people came from North Carolina and settled south of where the village of Smithfield now stands. The names of these families, as nearly as can now be ascertained, were Rich. ard Kinsey, Christopher Kinsey, Mason Miller, Richard Jelkes Malachi Jolly and Alberson. Jolly's land laid west of what is now known as the William Purviance farm ; then west of this was section 16, which was school land ; then north of this section was John Morton, who owned the southeast quarter, and Cadwallader Evans, who owned the northeast quarter. These came about 1802 or 1803. The northwest quarter was settled by Joseph McGrew, and the southwest is owned by Jacob Ong. North of this section Samuel Cope, of Redstone, Pa., entered a .half section. On this he located his son Joseph, who lived and died there, and left it to his sons, B. W. Cope, William Cope and Willits Cope. These are north and northwest of the village. James Purviance, as early as 1806, entered two sections east of the Cope land. These two sections extend east to the Wells township line and south to the Jolly land, the place of beginning. It appears that Mr. Purviance bought this land for his children, as six of his sons and one of his daughters, Mrs. Sarah Sidwell, and her husband, settled on it. Thomas, one of the sons, occupied two hundred acres in the northeast part, now owned by John Sutherland and the widow Hobbs. James owned one hundred and forty-six acres on the south, now owned by John Scott. Richard had two hundred acres in the southeast corner. William, two hundred acres of northwest part; Mrs. Sarah Sidwell, ono hundred and twenty acres; David, two hundred acres; Joseph, two hundred acres in the southern corner. Thomas and James came and settled first. They came not later than 1810. The others came at later periods. Still further south, among the first settlers, we find the names John Naylor, Caleb Kirk, Thomas Carr, Richard Logan, John Cramlet and Nathaniel Kollum. Walter Francis settled near York in 1799. Jacob Minteer settled on northeast quarter section 27, in the spring of 1800. In the neighborhood of Adena' about 1800, John Stoneman settled on the farm now owned and occupied by James Russell. John Wallace settled on the farm now owned by George Hamilton, and John McLaughlin settled on the farm now owned by Samuel R. McLaughlin. TOWNS. There are three towns or villages in the township, Smithfield, York and Adena. POST OFFICES. There are three post offices, Smithfield, Updegraff (at York) and Adena. SCHOOL DISTRICTS. There are ten subdisticts in the township, exelusive of the independent district in the village of Smithfield. The number of youth in these distriets of school age' as returned in 1878, was, white males, 205; white females, 209; colored males. 12 colored females, 7. Total, 533. VOTING PRECINCTS. The township is also divided into two election districts or voting precincts, one voting place being at York, and the other at Smithfield. The total vote of the township at the presidential election of 1876 was 460, of which Hayes received 328, and Tilden 132, SMITHFIELD VILLAGE. As early as 1800, Horton J. Howard and Abel Townsend entered section 11, on a part of which Smithfield is located. This land they sold out in small tracts to the following persons : James Garretson, 48 acres southwest corner, now owned by William Naylor; north of this Caleb Kirk, 76 acres, now owned by Mathias Ong, and W. A. Judkins; still further north to Joel Hutton and Casparius Garretson, 100 acres, which at an early day passed into the hands of William and Samuel Naylor, now owned by the heirs of Thomas Wood son of William Wood; and a fraction still further north, to William Wood, which passed into the hands of Benjamin Ladd and is now owned by Hugh Hammond. James Carr bought the east half of the northeast quarter, on which the town is located. ADDITIONS. There have been two additions made to the village since it was first laid off, both by the original proprietor, Mr. Carr. The first addition was made in 1805 ; the second in 1815.