550 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. The village of Smithfield was laid out by James Carr in 1803. A surveying party passing through the country, from the Ohio river, alighted on the pleasing landscape here, and while in company with its proprietor, the; chief of the band remarked to him, " This is the finest situation for an inland town we have seen since we left the river ;" whereupon Mr. .Carr was seized with the idea of .a grand emporium of trade to arise from the midst of the surrouding forest, and at once set about laying out streets and village lots in large profusion. What is now known as High street, he intended for the main thoroughfare, two public squares being staked out opposite each other, where the public school building and the hay scales now stand. Many were the difficulties, trials and hardships those early settlers had to undergo. For a few years all their goods and groceries were brought from Wellsburg, W. Va., upon their backs or pack horses. They lived to a large extent upon cornbread, procured by grating ears of corn upon a sheet of tin, punched full of holes with a nail or pegging awl, and savory meat brought down in the forest by the trusty rifle. OLD HOUSES. The first house built within the limits of the village was a log cabin that stood on High street, a little west of the brick building once occupied by the old Smithfield bank. It has long since been removed, and the property is now owned by Washington Whitton. The second house was built in 1804, by ____ Griffith, on the corner of Fourth arid Main streets, opposite Litten's Hotel, Mr. Griffith kept hotel in it for a short time, then sold it to William Wood, who started a store in it. This was the first store opened in the place. It was a hewed log house, is still standing in a good state of preservation, and now (1879) occupied as a residence by Henry Wood, a grandson of William Wood. The third was a hewed log house opposite the last named building, and now composes part of the Sherman Hotel, as more particularly described under article " Sherman House." FRAME HOUSES. The first frame house in the village was built on the east side of Main street, opposite Charles Mather's store. It is now owned and occupied as a dwelling by Matthew H. Ong. BRICK HOUSES. David Purviance built the first brick house in Smithfield township. It is located one half mile east of the village, on his part of the two sections that James Purviance entered for his children, as before stated. It is a substantial structure. John Duff was the mason. The date of its erection cannot be ascertained with certainty, but it was built sixty-five or seventy years ago. The property, land and house, now belong to John Scott. OLD STORES. The first store in Smithfield, as before mentioned, was opened by William Wood on the corner of Fourth and Main streets. The second one was started by Thomas Fleming in the building now occupied by the post office. Mr. Fleming had formerly kept a country store some two and a half miles east, in Wells township, but when the village began to grow he removed to it and did business there. William Matthews was probably the third to enter the mercantile business, lie located on the corner of Main street, opposite the Grant Rouse. The property is now owned by Mrs. Naylor. Blackston & Ladd were next in the list of mercantile houses. Their store was in a building on a lot now owned by Rezin Jones and Edith McGrail. Blackston lived in a house, near the store, while Ladd remained on the farm adjoining the village. Richard and William Purviance were the next. Their store was in the building now occupied by Shane & Bro. Finley B. McGrew kept a store in the building on the north corner of Fourth and Green streets, now owned by Evan Purviance. Thomas McGrew carried on a store in the house now owned and occupied by Charles Mather. These early mercantile houses all appear to have done a large and profitable business. TANNERIES. The first tannery in Smithfield was started by a man named Moore as early as 1804. Belford Griffith managed the establishment. It appears probable that Moore started it to give Griffith a start in business. It was on the west of town, in a field now owned by Dr. Bates. Not a vestige of it remains. LEWIS CAREY started the second one as early as 1809. It was located at the extreme east side of the village at the terminus of Tanner street. It went down many years ago, and nothing remains to denote the place where it stood. The property is now owned by David Hayne. WILLIAM SHARON, the father of Senator Sharon, put in operation the third tannery, about 1817. It was situated on the property now owned by William A. Judkins, at the south end of town. He continued the business until 1844, when he sold the stock and rented the yard for three years to George Lee, after which it went down. JOHN WOOD was the fourth to start a tan yard. He located it on West street, about 1822, but dying soon after, the property was purchased by two cousins, each named John Hobson, who carried on the business for a while, but not succeeding very well, it suspended, and for a time was idle, but in 1846 was purchased by George Lee, who transferred his stock from the Sharon yard to it, and subsequently sold to John and Rollin Cole. Their brothor, Jediah, carried on the business for a while, when it finally went down. The building, which was a substantial frame, was removed to West street, and is now occupied by Isaac Lewis as a blacksmith shop. The land is owned by William Vena. JOHN WHITE.—The fifth tan yard was opened out in 1838 by Phipps & White. It is situated near the eastern extremity of South street—just south of where the Sharon yard was located. John White subsequently became sole proprietor, and still carries on the business. It is now the only tannery remaining in Smithfield. DOCTORS. WILLIAM BURRELL was probably the first doctor to locate in Smithfield, He came about 1806 or 1807, and lived on High street, on the property now owned by Evan Purviance. William Judkins, who was the next, came a few years later ; still a little later came Anderson Judkins, a brother of William. They practiced in partnership, and lived in the house now owned by William Purviance. The next were William Leslie and his son John. They came sometime from 1818 to 1820. BLACKSMITHS AND HATTERS. William Carr was the first blacksmith, and Abel Carey the first hatter. MILLS. The first mill was a hand mill, constructed in 1804 by Isaac Wickersham, to which the neighbors gave the significant title of "bettersome," because it was some better than the old tin grater. In 1808 James Carr built a horse mill, which was still better, and in both these mills half bushel grists were received and ground, toll being taken by the quart. This horse mill was located on the lot now owned by H. M Ong. It was afterwards removed to another lot in the northeast. part of the town and changed to a tramp mill, where a boy named Dempster was caught in the cogs of the wheels and crushed to death. The building was afterwards converted into the jeans factory. The old well of water which furnished the factory is still in use and supplies an engine that runs a pair of buhrs that are used for grinding corn and making chop feed, and for running some other machinery. There was also a hand mill on Perrin's run. FIRST WATER MILLS. It is not certainly known when or where the first water mill was built. It was probably built by James McGrew, on Piney Fork, not later than 1812. McGrew became embarrassed in building it, and it passed into the hands of Jacob Ong, and has since been known as Ong's mill. There were two or three other mills built in close proximity of time with the Ong mill. HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 551 One of these was:. built two or three miles further up the creek by John Leech, and another still further up, built by Abner Hutton in 1807, which makes it the oldest water mill in the township. There are now but two mills in operation in the township. The building of the Ong mill must have been at an early date for the friendly Indians were among his customers, and it is related that his son Finley and the Indians used to engage in shooting at a mark. THE FIRST SHOEMAKER. Joel Hutton was the first shoemaker in the neighborhood or township. He first worked at his trade while living on his land, doing the work of the whole neighborhood. He then removed to the village, where he followed his trade. TEACHERS. There are some doubts about who taught the first, school, but the probability is that it was a Mr. Shackelford, then Miss Armilla Garretson was next. She wits a decrepit lady, being destitute of lower limbs from the knee down; with but brie arm, all from natural causes. It is not certain what years she taught. Joel Hutton was the next teacher. He taught, in the winter season. These schools were all taught in the Friends' meeting-house. The next teacher was James Tolletson, an Irishman, who taught in a log house that stood near the brick building of the old Smithfield Bank. Alter this school the first school house in Smithfield was built. It was on the same lot of land the present school building stands on. This house was used for School purposes until about 1839, when the second one was built, which was used until 1858 or 1859, when third house was built that proved defective, and was' only 'used tilt 1867, when the fourth and present building was erected. PORK PACKING. The pork packing business was one of the earlier industries of the place. It was probably commenced as early as 1815, and soon became one of the principal money products of the farmer, and so continued for many years. It was a considerable item of trade as late as 1865; in fact there is still something done in the business. Benjamin W. Ladd was the first to engage in the business, and carrying it on with success, other parties were soon prompted to engage in it also, until finally all the merchants in the place were engaged in the pork trade. There was a "considerable amount of wheat sold, so that pork and wheat were the staple products of the farmer; and so Continued till about 1845, when wool growing commenced, and has continued to increase until it is now the great source of the farmer's revenue. The method of preparing the pork for market and shipping it, was by building log houses and inserting many tiers of joists with spaces for cross sticks, to which the pieces of meat were hung. The houses being filled, and the meat smoked, it was taken down and packed in wagons, and hauled to Baltimore and Richmond, where it found a ready market. The village was incorporated in 1832, and the incorporation act amended in 1833, Its officers consist of a Mayor, six councilmen, recorder and marshal. The following is a list of the Mayors since 1832 : 1832-37, William Blackiston ; 1838-39, Charles Barnes ; 1840, Louis Kinsey ; 1841, F. M. Talbott ; 1842, John C. Phipps ; 1843, Jacob Ong ; 1844-46, William Gassaway ; 1847, John Irvine ; 1848-50, William Whitten ; 1851, William Gassaway ; 1852, John Gilmore, 1853-54, John Irvine ; 1855-56, William Matthews ; 1857-60, John Irvine ; 1861-64, D. M. Allen ; 1865, William Vermillion ; 1866, Cuthbert Glover; 1867, FL M. Sanborn ; 1868, Jesse Litten ; 1869, John Young; 1870, John Irvine; 1871-72, D. N. Allen ; 1873,.H. N. Sanborn ; 1874, W. B. Whitten ; 1875-77, G. W. Lee ; 1878-79, John White. SMITHFIELD LODGE NO. 182, F. &. A. M. Was chartered October 15, 184.9. The first three principal officers were : Charles Mather, W. N. ; N. A. Adams, S. W. ; John Gilmore, J. W. The officers of the Grand Lodge of the State of Ohio, who signed the charter, were : W. Kreider, M. W. G. M. ; F. N. Keith, R. W. D. G. M. ; Henry A. Dodge, R. W. S. G. W. ; Hugh Fervor, R. W. J. G. W. ; B. F. Smith, R. W. Grand Secretary. SMITHFIELD ROYAL ARCH CHAPTER NO. 81 Was chartered October 17, 1859. The three principal officers were : Charles Mather, H. P. ; Amos Jones, K.; George W. Drake, S. The Grand officers who signed the charter were : George Rex, G. H. P. ; P. Thatcher, Jr., D. H. G. P. ; Harvey Vinal, G. K. ; J. A. Kiddie, G. S. John Caldwell, Grand Secretary. The present officers of the lodge are: W..K. Sutherland, W. M. ; William Merriman, S. U. ; John U. Sutherland, J. W.; William H. McKinney, S. D. ; Jacob Rush, J. D.; Armstrong Maly, Treasurer ; William Vermillion, Secretary. Present number of members, eighty, ODD FELLOWS. Smithfield Lodge No. 591, I. O. O. F., was instituted July 27 1874, with the following charter members: John A. Inn, John M. Boyd, William. W. McConnell, A. B, Conaway, H. O. Conaway, Jacob Barkhurst and John P. Heaton, by A. C. Deuel, M. W. G. Master of R. W. G. Lodge of Ohio. It was first instituted and held its meetings in an upper room next door north of the First National Bank on Fourth street. The first officers were John A. Penn, N. G.; ___ ___ , V. G.; John W. Boyd, secretary ; William W. McConnell, treasurer ; H. O. Conaway, permanent secretary. The lodge was subsequently moved further north on Fourth street to the opposite side of the street into a second story room, of Wm. Ekey's block. The present officers are M. B. Cole, S. P. G.; Isaac Gosset, N. G. ; W. P. Noble, V. G. ; J. N. Richardson, secretary ; David V. Adrian, treasurer. There are but two of the charter members left of the original number, John M. Boyd and John A. Penn, both P. Grands, the latter being the founder of the lodge. FIRST NATIONAL BANK. In the winter of 1863-4, Joseph H. Cope conceived the idea of organizing a 'bank in Smithfield under the act of Congress, entitled an act to provide a National currency, secured by a pledge of the United' States bonds. Mr. Cope had large experience in banking, having been associated with •the Mt. Pleasant branch of the State of Ohio as director and president for a period of about twenty years, and a portion of the time was also a member of the State Board of Control, which met at Columbus. Mr. Cops labored arduously and continuously during the winter and spring of 1864, meeting with considerable opposition, there being a vast amount of prejudice to be overcome. Many of the wealthier citizens declined having anything to with it, and prophesied that a bank could not be sustained in Smithfield, and that if one should be organized it would be but a short time until it would meet the fate of 'the old bank organized in 18—. But Mr. Cope, being a man of indomitable will and perseverance, continued on with his work until June 24, 1864, when the stockholders received their certificate of organization, authorizing them to commence banking with a capital stock paid up of $63,000, with privilege to increase to $100,000, which increase was made during the year 1864. On the 24th day of June of that year the stockholders met and elected the following persons to serve as directors, to wit : Joseph H. Cope, Charles Mather, Joseph Jones, William S. Bates, Elisha Cooke, Jr., Nathan Hussey, H. S. Black, C. D. Kaminsky and Joseph Hammond, 'three of whom are still directors, to-wit, William S: Bates, C. D. Kaminsky and R. S. Black. At the annual meeting for the election of directors, held January 11, 1865, William Sharon was elected director instead of Joseph Jones. Mr. Sharon served as director from. 1865 to 1875, when he declined a re-election on account of his being unable to attend the meetings of the board. At the annual election held January 12, 1875, Cuthbert Glover was elcted to fill the vacancy caused by Mr. Sharon's declining to serve. Mr. Glover is still a director. Elisha Cooke. Jr., served until April, 1868, when he severed his connection with the bank, and removed to Oskaloosa, Iowa. At the annual election held January 12, 1869, James M. Newlin was elected to succeed Elisha Cooke, Jr., and is still a director. Joseph Hammond served as director from the organization of the bank until 1875. And on January 12, 1875, John Cole succeeded him, and is still a director. C. Mather served as director until 1876 and in January, 1877, John Gal- braith succeeded him and still remains. Nathan Hussey served as director until his death, ,September, 1877, and at annual election in January, 1878, Mifflin Ong was, elected to fill his place. 552 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. Joseph H. Cope served as director until February, 1879, when death called him hence ; and on the 4th of March, 1879, the board of directors appointed William Vermillion to fill the vacancy caused by the death of J. II. Cope. On the 24thday of June, 1864, the first board of directors organized by electing J. H. Cope, president, which office he filled until his death.: James C. Scott was elected cashier, but only served a few months when William Vermillion succeeded him and still remains in said officce, having served as cashier nearly fifteen years. In 1871, C. D. Kaminsky was elected vice president, which office he held continuously until March, 1879, when he was elected president to fill the vacancy caused by the death of J. H. Cope and at the same time H. S. Black was elected vice president. The bank has been successful—making 8 and 10 percent. dividends. SHERMAN HOUSE. This is the oldest hotel in the township, and perhaps the oldest hotel, continuously used as such, in the county. In 1804, Josiah Glover, who came from Baltimore, hewed the logs and raised and covered the building that still forms a part of this house. Without completing his house he went back to Maryland, and remained there until 1808, when he returned to Smithfield, finished it and opened up a hotel, which he ran until 1820, when he leased it to Mr. Duvall for two years. At the expiration of the term of the lease Mr. Glover again resumed the business himself, which he continued until his death, about 1850. After Mr. Glover's death his son, Cuthbert Glover, assumed control and continued the business until 1863, when he sold to John Gilmore, who conducted it until 1864, when he sold it to Jesse Litten, who took possession October 1st of that year. XI-. Litten has continued the business ever since and makes it an excellent house. This house has had several additions made to it since it was first built in 1804, but the old log building is still an integral portion of the structure. LEADING BUSINESS HOUSES IN SMITHFIELD. CHARLES MATHER. This is the oldest established house, and the oldest business man, in Smithfield. This house is too well and favorably known for its integrity and honest dealing to need more mention here. For its history, see biographical sketch of its proprietor elsewhere in this volume. JONES & McKINNEY Are the leading men in the drug business. The store was first opened by Sturgis & Beresford in 1859, and was carried on by them but a few years, when they sold to Clancy & Scott. This firm continued but a short time till Clancy sold to Scott, who continued the business about five years, when he sold to Jones & Bates. This new firm increased the stock and removed to a larger building, and continued as a firm until 1874, when Bates .retired, and the present firm of Jones & McKinney was established. The new parties still further increased the business, and it is now the leading drug store in the country. Mr. Jones, the senior member of the firm, also represents the Ætna Fire Insurance Company, in which ho does an extensive business. MILLINERY AND NOTION STORES. O. NEWLIN & CO. (Oliver Newlin and Mrs. Annie Ramsey), dry goods, notions, millinery goods.—This house, which was established in 1875, cannot be excelled for the beautiful and artistic arrangements for the display of its contents, as well as for the neatness and beauty of the goods themselves. The proprietors keep everything in the neatest order, and are genial and affable. Mrs. Ramsey, who has charge of the millinery department, is perfectly familiar with the art, and for good taste and judgment has few equals and no superiors. This establishment receives, as it deserves, a liberal patronage from an appreciative .public. GALBRAITH BROS., Merchants.—This firm carries on a large .mercantile business. They keep a heavy stock of all kinds of goods and have a large patronage. PETER BARGER does a general blacksmithing and repairing business ; also, manufactures wagons, &e., &e. GRANT HOUSE. This house was formerly carried on by George Naylor, now by Thomas Burriss. It is well patronized. SHERMAN HOUSE. This is one of the oldest hotels in the country. It was built in 1805, and carried on for over Calf a century by Mr. Glover. In 1864, it fell into the hands of its present proprietor, Jesse Letten, who is a popular landlord. HENRY C. WOOD started a livery stable in 1870, which he is carrying on with enterprise and profit. A. BOWMAN opened up a boot and shoe manufacturing business in 1876, and is doing a business that gives satisfaction to himself, as well as to all his numerous customers. MERCHANT TAILORS. JAMES A. ONG commenced this business in 1843. He learned his trade with William Mosgrove, and continued the business until the time of his death, August 26, 1875. His son, A. Ong, still carries on the business at the old stand. C. C. McKELVEY Commenced business in the spring of 1879, in merchant tailoring. His father was in the same business some years before. WAGON AND CARRIAGE MAKING. DAVID ADRIAN commenced business in wagon and carriage making about 1870. He is doing a thriving business, and by promptness and good work merits an extensive patronage. MUSIC STORE. N. M. Ong, April 1, 1879, opened a music store, in which he keeps everything pertaining to the business. He handles none but first-class instruments and musical merchandise, and guarantees satisfaction in everything he sells. CIGAR MANUFACTORY. A. GASAWAY does an extensive business in the manufacturing of cigars, and fancy groceries, candies, &c. JONATHAN C. HARRISON Keeps groceries, confectionery, &c., is doing a good business in his line, and is a pleasant, genial gentleman to deal with. Store in the postoffice building. BUSINESS HOUSES. The village at this time contains 4 dry goods stores, 3 grocery stores, 1 dry, goods and notion store, 1 planing mill, 6 blacksmith shops, 2 drug stores, 2 saddle and harness shops, 3 shoe makers, 1 tin shop, 4 wagon makers' shops, 1 cooper shop, 3 tailor shops, 3 millinery shops, 1 silversmith and inventor, 1 cigar manufacturer, 1 music store, 2 hotels, 2. doctors, 1 dentist, 1 huckster, 1 bank (First .National), 1 butcher shop, 1 mill for grinding corn, chopping meal, &c., 2 undertakers, 1 justice of the peace, 1 mayor, 1 postmaster ; population, 700. NEWSPAPERS. SMITHFIELD INDEPENDENT.—In March, 1875, C. M. Layne started a job printing office—the first established in the town. It was located in the old Matthews building, corner of Fourth and North streets. The job office was in successful operation nearly a year when in obedience to a desire for a periodical, the Smithfield Independent was started. It was a weekly 8-page paper, size 26x40, using what is known as the " patent inside." It was established at the instance of John A. Penn, William Vermillion and David Adrian. C. M. Hayne was editor and proprietor. The first number appeared February 14, 1876, and it was published regularly until December, 1877, when, for want of sufficient patronage, it was forced to suspend. Its successor Is the Herald, published at Utica, Licking county, Ohio. The Independent was well liked and gave general satisfaction, bat it HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 553 was exclusively a local paper and there was not enough local trade to sustain it. The people not realizing what a benefit it could be made to the town and neighborhood, adopted a foolish system of economy in their dealing with it, and instead of generously patronizing it, gave their patronage to the larger papers of the county, and turning their cold shoulder on their home paper—froze it out. The agricultural society never gave any work to it. SMITHFIELD AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. This society is a joint stock company, which was incorporated in 1871, with a capital stock of $4,000 in eighty shares of $50 each. Its officers are a president, vice president, treasurer, secretary and twenty-one directors. All the officers are elected annually, except the directors, who hold for three years. The object of the society is the improvement of agriculture, horticulture and mechanic arts. It bought twelve acres and a half of land of Joseph H. Cope for $150 an acre, immediately north of the village of Smithfield, enclosed it, put up the necessary buildings and held its first fair in September, 1871. The total cost of land and improvements was $7,000. The grounds are beautifully located, well watered and provided with halls and stalls, that afford ample accommodations for the display of live stock and other articles that are usually on exhibition at these annual fairs. The race track is one-third of a mile in length, and is considered one of the best in eastern Ohio. The fairs are usually well attended, ranging from three to five thousand persons a day, with receipts aggregating eighteen to twenty-five hundred dollars each annual fair. The premiums annually paid amount to twelve or sixteen bundled dollars, while the operating expenses are from four to five hundred dollars. This includes printing, police, gate keepers, officers' salaries, and all other necessary expenses. The society has been in operation eight years, and has no doubt been conducive of good results, judging by the number of good horses, cattle, sheep and hogs that are to be seen in the neighborhood of Smithfield. The business affairs of the society are well managed, its officers being men or experience and well calculated to discharge the duties of their respective positions. The present secretary, R. F. Henderson, has held that place, with the exception of one year, since the organization. The society at this time is in a very prosperous condition, and its debt nearly liquidated, with every reason to believe its future usefulness will be increased. The annual meeting for the election of officers is held at Smithfield the last Saturday in October, and they are installed into office the last Saturday in December following. The executive committee consists of the vice president, secretary and three members of the board of directors. VILLAGES. YORK. This village was laid out by David Updegraff, in 1815. In earlier years it was a place of considerable business and trade, but since the introduction of railroads it has fallen off to a very insignificant village. There is, however, one store in the place, which does a prosperous business ; there are also two blacksmith shops and a wagonmaker's shop. ADENA. This small village is situated in the southwest corner of the township. It was never laid off as a town, but lots have been sold from time to time and buildings erected upon them—a store and a few mechanics' shops started. The Presbyterians have a good church here. It is a neat but very little village. POSTOFFICES This office was established in 1805 in the township. Abel Carey was the first postmaster: The following list it is believed contains all of the postmasters down to 1879: Abel Carey, 1805; William Blackiston, 1829; Thomas Odbert, --; George M. Fleming, served two months and resigned ; John Irvine, 1841; Charles Barnes, 1841-1845 ; Joseph McGrew, appointed, declined ; Robert Leslie, 1845-1849 ; John Hobson, 1849--1851; 70-B. & J. C. Charles Long, 1851-1853 ; Jason Brown, 1853-1861 ; James Watson, 1861-1866; Jason Brown, 1866-1869 ; Jonathan C. Harrison, 1869, present incumbent. UPDEGRAFF. This office was established in 1832 and so named from the proprietor of the village, or its first postmaster, Ambrose Updegraff. From its organization to the present time (1879) it has had the following postmasters : Ambrose Updegraff, Joseph Wallace, E. U, Kirk, James Hutton, A. J. Purviance, Robert Thompson, Henry Waddle, Jacob Peterman, William F. Hooper, V, P. Gorby, W. D. Thompson, the present incumbent, ADENA. This office was granted by the department at Washington City in 1855, and Peter Hixon appointed postmaster, but there being no mail route yet established he never acted. After a route was established John Bendell was appointed as the first postmaster who served. The postmasters from the establishing of the office until 1879, are as follows : John Bendell, Robert S. Hague, George G. Morgan, John M, McMillan, Eli Shields, Oliver Wildman, Eli Shields, James B. Watson, Alexander G. Hawthorn, William Barkhurst, Eli Shields, present incumbent. SMITHFIELD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. In the summer of 1866, the propriety of establishing a Presbyterian organization at Smithfield was discussed and in the fall of that year the Presbytery of Steubenville appointed the Rev. W, R. Kirkwood to preach at that place, and propose the subject of an organization to the people. The proposition meeting with favor, a committee was appointed at the spring meeting of the Presbytery, the following year, to explore the field and report at the June meeting as to the feasibility of effecting a church organization. This committee was composed of the Revs. A. Swaney, M. A. Parkinson aid W. R. Kirkwood, and elders W. Plummer and John Gault. Upon a favorable report of this committee to the June meeting, 1867, held at Beech Springs church and the request of the congregation, the Presbyterial committee of church extension was directed, if the way be clear, to organize a church at their discretion as to time, and report at their next regular meeting, on the first Tuesday of October, 1867. In accordance with this order the committee met in the month of September, and everything found favorable for an organization, the persons desiring to enter into it, mutually agreed to adopt the following, as their act of organization, to-wit : "We, whose names are hereunto appended, do voluntarily unite ourselves together, in fear of God and with earnest prayer for his blessing, into a church organization, to be known as the Smithfield Presbyterian church, –under the care of the Presbytery of Steubenville and belonging to the Old School General Assembly of the Presbyterian church in the United States ; and to secure the more unity in doctrine and church order, we hereby receive the confession of faith of the Presbyterian church as containing the system of doctrine taught in the Holy Scriptures, and we receive the form of government, the discipline and the directory for worship as embodying the principles of the church government and order by which we are willing to be regulated and to which we are willing to be in subjection. Done in a public meeting held in Smithfield, September 21, 1867. Signed by the following persons as the original members : William Ekey, Margaret Ekey, Eleanor Peters, Mary E. McGhil, Elizabeth J. Newlin, William Vermillion, Mary Matthews, Abigail J. Scott, John Medill, Eliza O'Donnell. The first officers were as follows : Elder, John Medill ; deacon, William Vermillion. Subsequently there were elected to the eldership three others, viz : James , October, 1869; John V. McCulley, in June, 1871; and Dr. illiam A. Bates, in September, 1873. All these form the present session. There were added to the deaconship, in October, 1869, William Ekey, who with the original deacon, William Vermillion, form the present deaconship. The church now numbers about sixty members. The first pastor was W. R. Kirkwood, from its organization until December, 1871. The second was the Rev. T. A. Grove, from 1872 to 1875. The present pastor is the Rev. A. A. Hough, who took charge of the congregation September 1, 1875. 554 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. PRESBYTERIAN SABBATH SCHOOL. This school, which is under the management of the church, was organized in 1870, with Rev. W. R. Kirkwood as superintendent and an enrollment of 108 scholars. It is provided with thorough officers, and is efficiently managed. Its superintendent for 1879 is William Vermillion, with efficient assistant officers and an able corps of teachers. SMITHFIELD UNION SUNDAY SCHOOL. Was organized in May, 1855, with Joel H. Carr, superintendent. It had an enrollment of eighty scholars. Soon after its organization a library of one hundred volumes was purchased, besides several donations of books. Several additions have since been made. At different periods the enrollment has run up to 125 names ; at the present time it is 100, Although the present attendance is not as large as it should be, yet the school is in a prosperous condition. Joel H. Carr was the first superintendent, R. C. Smiley, 2d superintendent, James W. Tarr, 3d superintendent. W. M. Cope, 4th and present superintendent. FRIENDS' CHURCH. This is undoubtedly the oldest church in the township. It was organized as early as 1802. The first meetings were held at the private residences of members until about 1804, when they put up a log building near where the present one stands. They used this building until 1813, when a good substantial brick took its place. This brick, with some repairs, stood until 1879, when it was torn away and the present ample frame house was erected. This last building cost about $2,000. The building, committee consisted of Nathan L. Wood, William M. Cope and Evan Purviance. The lot on which this lot stands contains ten acres. It was deeded June 7, 1810, by James Carr to George Hammond, Casparius Garretson, David Purviance and Nathan McGrew, as trustees for the society. This church was originally called Plymouth Monthly meeting. In 1818 the name was changed to Smithfield Meeting. The congregation at present numbers about 180 members. The following is a partial list of the original members of the church in 1802: Benjamin Townsend and Jemima his wife, Malachi Jolly, Richard Jelks, James Carr, William Kirk, George Hammond, James Hammond and David Purviance. The first marriage in this church was Evan Evans and Mary Brighte, or Brite, which took place April 20, 1808. The lot of ten acres on which the church stands is used as a cemetery. The first burial was a child of Malachi Jolly. The first grown person buried there was Jemima Townsend, wife of Benjamin Townsend. There was in connection with this church a Sabbath school established, commencing with about twenty scholars, that has increased to sixty in 1879. Evan Purviance has been superintendent for the last seven years. Joseph Hoyle is assistant superintendent and Mary E. Blackburn, secretary. The same causes that brought about a division in the churches of the Society of Friends throughout the land in 1828, that resulted in the establishment of two separate organizations, had the same effect in the Smithfield church as in the others. It divided into Hicksites and Orthodox parties. The Hicksites organized a society and in 1829, built themselves a house of worship near the east end of Fourth street, where they met and worshiped until 1859, when by removals their numbers became so small that they ceased to hold regular meetings and dissolved their organization and sold their property. Their house was a brick building and is now owned by William Vermillion. In 1854, another division occurred in this church this division was brought about by a difference of opinion between J. J. Gurney and Thomas Wilbur on some theological points not clearly understood by the writer and not necessary to the purpose of our work; if it was. These two parties were distinguished by the names of Gurneyites and Wilburites, more commonly called " Gurneys " and' Wilburs." The former of them being largely in the majority, retained possession of the property and the "Wilburs" withdrew and formed a separate church organization. The seceding members, though very respectable in influence and standing in the community, were weak in numbers and have as yet built no meeting-house, though they contemplate doing so. They hold their meetings at private residences. HOLMES M. E. CHURCH. The Holmes M. E. church, now an appointment on Smithfield circuit, Steubenville, is probably the oldest Methodist Episcopal church organization in Ohio. The first church building ever erected west of the river by that denomination was the original house put up by this congregation in 1803, on the banks of Short creek. It is called Holmes meeting house, after Jacob Holmes, a prominent member of the society and local minister, who lived near it. It was a hewed log house, about twenty-six feet long, with chimney in the side. The fireplace was not less than seven feet in the clear, the heighth of story nine feet. The joists were close together and covered with clapboards, forming the ceiling. The roof was clapboards held on by weight poles. The floor was of puncheons, and the seats were made by splitting small-sized trees in two pieces. The house ranged with the creek, and the door was in the end fronting the southeast. There was not one dollar in money expended in the building. The people came together, cut the timber, hewed the logs, split the clapboards, and put up the building. Jacob Holmes, Charles Moore, Richard Moore, Isaac Meek and -Crane originated the enterprise. There was preaching occasionally at Jacob Holmes' and Isaac Meek's before the building was erected, but there is no account of any preaching earlier than 1800. The Moores, Holmeses and Meeks constituted the first society. They were good families. Three of Isaac Meek's sons, John, James and Jacob, were preachers, John being in the traveling connection.. Here John Meek and Jacob Holmes were licensed to preach the gospel. Here preached Ellis, Matthews, Asa Shinn, Cullison, James Riley, Jacob Young, Thornton Fleming, Burke, James Quinn, also Bishop Asbury. While the bishop was preaching, a bench broke down ; he stopped and thanked God there was a floor to catch the persons that fell. This church was abandoned in 1810, in consequence of the difficulty of crossing the creek in times of high water and ice, in the winter season. The creek now runs over where the graveyard was, including nearly, if. not all, the location of the church. Some of the bodies in the graveyard were removed to other cemeteries, while others were doubtless carried away by the waters. The logs of the building are still preserved, and canes have been made from them and presented to eminent ministers. In 1810, a new house was completed, about a half mile from the first and on higher ground. The ground, which was secured for the church and graveyard, was deeded to Jacob Holmes, John Stoneman, William Storer, Jacob Jones, James Smith, S. Moore, E. Pierce, R. Moore and John Barkhurst. Elias Crane, a local preacher, preached a sermon at the laying of the cornerstone, his text being in reference to Christ himself being the chief corner stone. This house, originally, was a singular structure. It was a long narrow building ; the pulpit and door were in the sides. The pulpit place was made by the building of a large pen of logs outside and connected with the main walls; the same arrangement was made at the door, forming a large vestibule, giving the house the appearance of an ark, with large wheel houses at the side. For several years it had neither stoves nor chimneys. Two places were made an the floor, of stones and mortar, and the house was warmed by burning charcoal on these elevations. Some seventy ministers have preached to this church. Up to the year 1829, there was a large and flourishing society, when the unfortunate division took place resulting' in building a Methodist Protestant house of worship, a mile away. In February, 1874, the trustees agreed to build a new and more commodious house. It was commenced in June and completed in November. Holmes church No. 3, is a plain, neat, beautiful house, and neatly furnished, costing about $3,200. An indebtedness of only about two hundred dollars remained at dedication day. Under the superintendence of the Rev. J. S. Bracken and the preaching of Rev. I. A. Pearce, the amount was more than realized. There have been over seventy ministers who have preached to the congregation of this church since its organization. The following is nearly a complete list, and almost in the order in which they served. The years are not given: Rev. Jas. B. Finley, Jacob Young Brooks, Wm. Dixon, Daniel Townsend West, William and John Meek, John Graham, Edward Taylor, David Merryman, Simon Louck, Walter Athey, William Tallman, who was afterward an attorney-at-law in St. Clairsville, Kent Hanks, Samuel Worthington, Robert Hopkins, Israel Dallas, William Knox, John Spencer, Joseph Montgomery, Pardon Cook, J. N. McAbee, Hiram Gilmore, J. R. Brochunier, Simon Elliott, Wm. Summers, Wm. Tipton, C. A. Holmes, James Merriman, J. W. Shriver, Robert Boyd, Geo. Crook, W. Cox, Wm. Devinney, S. W. Bailey, Isaac Atkins, C. H. Jackson Ludwig Petty, George McKee, T. C. McClure, J. D. Vail, George W. Dennis, James H. Rodgers, Henry Neff, J. S. Heagle, Homer J. Clark, John Huston, James HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 555 M. Bray, J.      Garrett, D. L. Dempsey, Hosea McCall, Geo. W. Baker, W. C. P. Hamilton, A. E. Hard, John Conner, John Williams, J. S. Bracken, T. Storer. There are others who have preached, but the time is not known. Among these are : Rev. Limerick, Archibald McElroy, Calvin Ruter, Wm. Savage, Dr. S. Adams, A. L. Petty, T. Winstanley, ___ Clegg, J. W. Miner. SMITHFIELD M. E. CHURCH. In the fall of 1814 a class was formed at this place by the Rev. James B. Finley, who was that year appointed to the Cross Creek circuit, Smithfield being within its limits. The following are a portion of the names of that class : Benjamin Roberts, John Stout, James Coleman, Pollard Hartgrove, David Long, Thomas Mansfield and John Dougherty. They met at a private house that soon became too small to accommodate the increasing numbers. At the next conference Finley was sent back to the same circuit, with Joseph Powell for his colleague, and David Young, presiding elder. The increased number of members of the church requiring a larger building in which to meet, measures were taken to procure a lot and build a house. A lot situated on the west side of the village, at the end of Green street, was bought of James Carr for forty dollars, on which a frame building was erected, about 1816. This house was 36x27, and continued as their place of worship until 1862, when they sold their property to the African M..E. Church. They then bought a lot in a different part of the village, located on the east side, near the end of High street, and erected a frame house 38x48, at a cost of about $1,800. The new house was dedicated March 9, 1863, by Revs. Bishop Janes and Dr. S. B. Nesbitt, then editor of the Pittsburgh Advocate. The text used on the 'occasion was Isaiah, chapter VI. M. E. SABBATH SCHOOL. This school was organized about 1836, and was the first Sabbath school in Smithfield. it commenced with an attendance of about forty scholars. Although held in the M. E. Church, and largely patronized by them, it was in no sense a denominational one, but might properly be termed a union school. Charles S. Barnes was the first superintendent. It was carried on under this arrangement till 1853. On the 13th of April of that year, it was reorganized as a M. E. Sabbath school, with George W. Lee as superintend, and Wm. A. Judkins, secretary. There was an enrollment of about sixty scholars, and a small library. It has continued under this supervision ever since, and has now (1879) an enrollment of two hundred scholars, and a library of 150 volumes. The school is well supplied with the various Sunday school papers of the country, which have largely superseded the library books. William A. Judkins is the present superintendent, which position he has held for fourteen consecutive years. D. L. Harrison is secretary. There are five officers connected with the organization, and in its existence of twenty-six years but one of them has died, namely, Joseph Grimshaw, once a superintendent. DISCIPLES' CHURCH OF SMITHFIELD. This church was started on Salt Run, about 1831, under the labors of Thomas Campbell. It was removed to Smithfield in 1836. The first elders were William Scott, Joshua Carle and John Cramlet, of whom Joshua Carle is now the only one living. The first deacon was David Carson. Alexander Campbell preached here occasionally for a number of years. Elder Young, of Wellsburg, was among the first who preached for the congregation ; also, Jonas Hartzell, Dr. George Lucy and Harrison Jones. The first meetings were held in the school house, but in 1838, a good, comfortable brick building was erected, costing aver a thousand dollars. This house is still occupied by the congregation. There are at present about sixty members, with regular preaching once a month. As there is no baptistry in the church, the ordinance of baptism is generally attended to in McIntyre's creek, some two miles distant from the church. In 1867 a Sunday school was organized, with James P. Hopkins as superintendent. This school is still in progress. AFRICAN M. E. CHURCH. The African M. E. Church in 1862--3, at an expense of $150, purchased from the M. E. Church their church property in Smithfield consisting of twenty 37-100 perches of land and the I-70—B. & J. COS. the buildings thereon, where they established the A. M. E. Church. The property was deeded January 28, 1863, by the trustees of the M. E. Church to the trustees of the A. M. E. Church. These buildings were used until 1878, when the old house was removed and replaced by a neat frame building 36x26, at a cost of $1,500. This new church was dedicated November 10, 1878. Rev. Johnson Underwood preached the dedication sermon, assisted by Rev. D. N. Mason. There were ten members at the organization, which is now, 1879, increased to twenty-five. A Sabbath school was organized in connection with this church in 1864, with a small library of books. WHEELER'S M. E. MEETING ROUSE. The ground on which this church stood belonged to the farm of James Wheeler, some three miles south of Smithfield village. It was probably built about 1815, as the deed conveying the land to the trustees of the church bears that date. The trustees were James Wheeler, William Whitten, Jacob Cramlet, Thomas Kerns and Dennis Lawry. A burrying ground was included in the church lot. For fifty years this church has ceased to be an appointment of the circuit as a preaching place, and the old church building which was a log house was removed many years ago. The burying ground is still kept in repair and many of the old citizens have found their last resting there. The church derived its name from James Wheeler, who was a local minister of that denomination, and an early settler in the neighborhood. Mr. Wheeler was a native of Maryland, but removed to Smithfield township as early as 1803 or 1804, and bought sixty acres of land of Nathaniel Kellum, who had doubtless first settled it, as their was a cabin on it. Mr. Wheeler afterwards entered a quarter section adjoining it. He married and reared a family of thirteen children. At the age of sixteen he united with the M. E. church. For a brief period he changed his church relations, but soon returned to the church of his early years and continued in it until his death in 1872, in his eighty-eighth year. Mr. Wheeler was proverbial for his honesty. lie used to follow the huckster business and traveled from house to house, buying up the products of the farmers, which he took to Wheeling and sold. If he sold his trade for better prices than he expected, he invariably on next round paid back to the farmers the additional amount realized above his anticipations, and if in any trade with a neighbor for stock, should he afterwards become satisfied he had not paid enough, he would insist on making the additional amount, to make right. In his temperament he was impetuous, earnest and active, but always honest in his convictions. He was beloved and respected as a citizen, neighbor and friend. He lived on one farm over sixty years, and died February 21, 1873, in the 88th year of his age. PINEY FORK U. P. CHURCH. The first preaching here was in 1800. The first pastor was Rev. Alexander Calderhead, a Scotch minister of the Associate Reform Church. He preached here until his death in 1812. Soon after Calderhead's death Rev. John Walker commenced preaching to the church. December, 1821, Rev. Thomas Hanna accepted a call in connection with Cadiz. He was pastor until 1835, when Rev. Joseph Cloky took charge. In 1840 Mr. Cloky and congregation connected themselves with the Steubenville Associate Reformed Presbytery. In 1842 Rev. Cloky quitted his charge. The congregation then had no pastor until 1856, when Rev. William Lorimer became pastor. He was released from his charge in the spring of 1859. in May, 1860, Rev. J. M. Jamison became pastor, and still continues in charge. They at first preached in the woods. They built a tent between two trees and covered it with clapboards, and the congregation sat on logs and poles arranged for seats. They afterwards built a cabin to be used in winter. In 1824 they built a hewed log house 60x30. The contractor was Thomas Hamilton, who lives near Adams. In 1838 they built the present house, a brick building, 60x30. John Lacy was the contractor, SHORT CREEK CHURCH, AT ADENA (PRESBYTERIAN). This church was organized June 1, 1848, and a house built 46x36, same year, at a cost of $825. The original members were: Samuel Kerr, Agnes Kerr, James Kerr, Julia A. Kerr, Joseph Kerr, William Stringer, Isabel Stringer, James W. Carrick, Sarah Carrick, Robert Brown, Isabel Brown, John S. Carrick, Eleanor Carrick, James Hamilton, Sarah Hamilton, Sarah 556 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. Stringer, John Hagan, Jane Hagan, Elizabeth Hope, old Mrs. Stringer, old mother Hamilton and William Hamilton, twenty-two in all. Rev. James Kerr, of Cadiz, preached the dedication sermon. Rev. Samuel Boyd (now of Wheeling) preached as a stated supply for 1848-49-50, about three years. In 1856 Rev. Robert Armstrong was installed, and served as regular pastor until the fall of 1870, when Rev. Hugh Whiteford Parks was ordained, and installed as regular pastor, and is still (1879) serving the congregation in that capacity, so the church has had but two regular pastors since its organization. In 1878 the old church was torn down, and a neat frame building, 50x36, has taken its place. The new house cost $2,400. The Rev. Robert Alexander, of St. Clairsville, preached the dedication sermon on Thursday, October 31, 1878. The church now numbers 125 members, and a good Sabbath school the year around with an attendance of 65 or 70 scholars. Samuel Kerr, Sr., was the original founder of the church. He and Robert Brown and William Stringer were the original elders. The former, now in his 87th year, is still living. The present elders are : Samuel Kerr, Thomas Hamilton, James Hamilton, James W. Carrick and John Hagan. Superintendent of Sabbath school, Thomas H. Kerr. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. BENJAMIN W. LADD was born in Charles City county, Va., in the year 1784. He came to Smithfield and was married to Elizabeth, daughter of William and Mary Wood, in the spring of 1814. He purchased from his father-in-law, William Wood, the farm known as Prospect Hill, adjoining Smithfield on the west, and in 1814-15 erected the brick dwelling-house, still standing and occupied by Hugh Hammond, the present owner of a part of said farm. About 1817, he erected a building for the purpose of curing bacon and commenced the pork packing business, being, so for as is known, the first enterprise of the kind west of the Allegheny mountains. The undertaking proved successful and was extended from time to time, until he had erected four houses on the farm, and also a branch house at Martin's Ferry, Belmont county, Ohio. The chief markets for his cured bacon were Baltimore and Richmond, to which cities it was transported in large covered wagons, drawn by five or six fine belled horses, driven by their proud teamsters, prominent among whom were William Price, Eli Sidwell, Charley Chenney, Abraham Naylor and William Carter. The average time required for the round trip was five to six weeks, the wagons on the return trip being loaded with dry goods and groceries for western merchants. He was also engaged in merchandising in company with his brother-in-law, Joshua Wood, and Wm. Blackston, at Smithfield, and Henry Crew, at Richmond. fie was not only remarkably enterprising, but equally disposed to help others, and not unfrequently entered into business almost wholly with a view to the benefit of others whom he had become interested in. In later years, after he had given up pork packing and merchandising, he frequently bought wool of his neighbors, besides being an extensive grower of that staple himself: He raised and liberally educated a family of nine children—four sons and five daughters—seven of whom are still living, two in Brooklyn, N. Y., three in Chicago and two in Iowa. He was a prominent member of the Society of (orthodox) Friends and faithfully served the church in various capacities. Amid all his extensive business cares he was always at leisure to attend to his duties as a citizen and christian man ; freely devoting both time and means in his Lord's service and for the good of others, benevolence and unbounded hospitality being marked traits in his character. He was the special friend and protector of the poor down-trodden colored man, assisting many in their flight from the thraldom of slavery and more who were manumitted, to come and get a start for life on the free soil of Ohio. He died on the 31st day of May, 1851, in his 67th year, and was followed to an honored grave by a large concourse of friends, neighbors and citizens. CHARLES MATHER.—The father of the subject of our sketch was born near Glasgow, Scotland. He married Miss Mary Fowler, in 1799. This lady was a native of Loanhead, near Edinburgh. They reared a family of nine children, four sons and five daughters. Two of the sons died at an early age. Mrs. Mather died in 1820, at a place called Pennycuick, nine miles from Edinburgh. In the spring of 1822, Mr. Mather, with his seven children, embarked at Leith Harbor, for America, arriving at Philadelphia July 1, and from thence be came direct to Smithfield. He resided in the village some four months, when he bought land in Wayne township, some two miles northwest of Smithfield, to which he removed and cleared up a farm, on which he lived until his death, in 1837. Of these seven children four survive, two sons and two daughters. Charles, the subject of our sketch, who is the fourth child, was born at Loanhead, Scotland, in June, 1804. He was an apprentice, or clerk in a store, some three and a half years before he came with his father to this country. He went with his father on the farm, and worked about four years in helping clear it up. He then engaged as a clerk in the store of William Matthews, with whom he remained until 1832, when he went to Cadiz and clerked in the store of George Craig, where he remained two years. His father's sickness and death called him home, where he stayed until 1840. He then sold his interest in the homestead to his brother James, and bought the hotel where the Grant House now stands. He and his three sisters run the hotel until the spring of 1842, when he sold out to Nathan McKinney. In the fall of 1842, he married Miss Elizabeth Carr, daughter of Kinsey Carr. He now entered into a co-partnership with his father-in-law, Mr. Carr, in the mercantile business. Their store was in the Blackston block, where they done business until 1847, when they bought Thomas McGrew's entire property, goods, buildings and lot, and removed their stock of goods to the new quarters, where they carried on an active business until 1860, when Mr. Mather, by the purchase of his father-in-law's interest, became sole proprietor of the store, which he still (1879) continues, in the same building. This is the oldest mercantile establishment in the place, and Mr. Mather has been the longest time consecutively engaged in the business of any man in the town. He has a family of six children living, one son and five daughters—Rachel Ann, Emily, Maggie, Kate, Elizabeth and William. Emily is married, the others remain at home. In his early years Mr. Mather made two or three trips down the river to New Orleans. In 1832, he went with a boat load of flour, ran on a sand bank and stove the boat, which filled with water, inflicting serious damage and heavy loss. Mr. Mather has been honored several times by his fellow-citizens electing him to the office of County Commissioner, and now, after more than three-quarters of a century, he is still hale and healthy, and as active and sprightly as many a man of fifty, and actively engaged in the mercantile business. His systematic business habits, persevering industry, temperate habits and strict honesty in all his dealings, and their attendant results, teach a lesson worthy of study and imitation by the young who are about to enter upon the busy theatre of life. DR. C. W. CLANCY.—The subject of this sketch, Charles W. Clancy, was born in Morgan county, Ohio, and spent the early years of his life on his father's farm. At the age of twenty-two or three he began the study of medicine, and, after graduating at one of the medical colleges of his native state, entered upon the practice of his profession in 1859, at New Alexander, Ohio. He remained there about one year, and then removed to Smithfield, in the same county, where he now resides, ,and where he has acquired a more than a local reputation as a successful practitioner of medicine and surgery. In Aug., 1862, he assisted in recruiting Company B, of the 52d 0. V. I., and after serving as captain of this company for about six months, was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of his regiment and became its acting colonel during the remaining two and a half years of its service, excepting a brief period from :July 19 to Sept. 25, 1864, during which time he was confined as a prisoner of war at Macon, Ga., and Charleston, S. C. Up to the time of his capture at Peach Tree creek, within four miles of Atlanta, he commanded his regiment in all the important engagements in Sherman's Atlanta campaign, and was three times wounded at Kenesaw Mountain. After being exchanged he resumed command of his regiment in that memorable march to the sea, and through the Carolinas, and remained in the service until the close of the war. JOHN B. CONAWAY, M. D., a resident of Smithfield, Ohio, was born near Laceysville, Harrison county, Ohio, September 17, 1840. His name is traced with an honorable parentage far back to the Conaways of England and Ireland. His great grandfather moved to Baltimore county, Maryland, one hundred and five years ago. He remained there until the year 1800, when he settled in the vicinity of Wellsburg, Va. In 1802, in company with the Hoaglands and Martins, they formed a small settlement near where Hopewell church now stands, the country HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 557 then being almost a wilderness. Beyond the church, on upper Rush run, is the place where these hardy backwoodsmen fought a battle with the Indians. The company was commanded by Captain McColloch, and led on by the intrepid scout, Lewis Wetzel, who gained for them a victory worthy of notice. His grandfather, Michael Conaway, moved to Stillwater in 1805, and was the first resident on that stream. When the war of 1812 was declared, be volunteered in Captain Laferty's company at Steubenville; and joined General Harrison's army early in September, 1812 ; and was discharged in the winter of 1814, have served honorably during the trying times in all the struggles of this western territory. His father, Aaron Conaway, was born in 1807, and is still living. Dorcas Busby, his wife, is the mother of fourteen children—eight sons and six daughters—and is now a healthy woman seventy years of age. But four of his brothers and only two of his sisters are now living. His father was land appraiser ; attended convention to form New Constitution of Ohio, and served forty-three years as justice of the peace. When the civil war broke out in 1860, it found the family loyal and ready to do its duty in the coming struggle. In 1862 the three eldest brothers entered the army.. The oldest was discharged on account of sickness. The youngest, (Moses Conaway) a member of company H, 126th regiment, 0. V. I., after serving faithfully for nearly all his term of three years, and after enduring all the hardships that the 126th was fated, as it were, to endure, and in the last great battle, when victory's flag of freedom was proudly floating over an almost restored country, he fell mortally wounded at the head of his company, and died just as the sun was fading from view on the 21st of September, 1864. And now orderly sergeant Moses Conaway sleeps in Winchester's quiet city of the dead. The second son, the subject of this sketch, volunteered in company C, 5th Independent Battalion Volunteer Cavalry. At the expiration of that term of service, he, with many others, volunteered as veterans, and formed the 13th regiment 0. V. Cavalry. This young regiment was immediately put into active service. The war record of this regiment is second to none for the time it was in action, participating in the battles of the Wilderness, Cold Harbor, White House Landing, Hatcher's Run, Pegram's Farm, Petersburg and Five Forks, Virginia, and in all the battles and skirmishes during the terrible campaign which closed the war. When this regiment entered the field, it numbered 1,040. After enduring the most terrible privations, sickness, hardships and deaths, with undaunted courage and masterly determination, which cost the lives of so many brave men, and is still fresh in the history of the war, but more so in the minds of the three hundred who returned to tell the story. He was promoted to second lieutenant April 30th, and to first lieutenant July 30th, commissioned captain and ordered to duty on the quartermaster's staff, April 14, 1865, and was honorably discharged in July, after the close of the war, taking with him the generous feelings of his comrades in arms, and the respect of all who knew him. He is a self-made man ; having but few of the advantages laid before the many. He is benevolent to a fault ; becoming poor that others might be happy. Diligent study and restless, determined effort soon gave him the advantages of a good education. He studied medicine in Iowa, under the Hon. John Conaway, of Brooklyn. He graduated with honor in Cincinnati in 1868. He educated his two younger brothers in the medical profession. Dr. Conaway is one of the leading physicians in Smithfield, with an extensive practice that extends far into the surrounding country and neighboring towns. He was married to Miss Matilda Picken, daughter of Alexander Picken, of Ottumwa, Iowa, October 6, 1868, by he Rev. E. H. Wearing. They have two interesting little daughters, Jessie Florence and Cora Frances. JOHN BURNET.—The subject of this sketch was born in Washington county, Pa., March 13, 1798, came with his parents to Smithfield township in 1803, and helped clear up the farm near the village, where they settled. He was married, first to Sarah Updegraff, in 1840. They were both of the same age. Mrs. Burnet died March 2, 1858. His second marriage was to Eliza Garretson, October 22, 1863. Mr. Burnet has lived seventy-seven years within a quarter of a mile of the place where his parents first settled. He has always been a consistent member of the Friends' church and an honored and highly respected citizen ; has been a quiet and unostentatious man, and now reposes in the evening of his life in the full enjoyment of all his faculties, calmly awaiting the summons to call him hence. BAZALEEL HAMMOND.—The great-grandfather of the subject of our sketch emigrated to this country in the colony that came over with William Penn and settled in Philadelphia, where he married and lived through life. He had a son, James, who was the grandfather of Bazaleel. This son James moved to Adams county, Pa., where he married and reared a family of five children—four sons and one daughter—George, Thomas, James, John and Elizabeth, of these sons George, James, and John, came at an early day to Jefferson county. George came in 1800, and settled in Smithfield township, about one mile west of the village of Smithfield, on the farm now owned by Nathan Hammond. James who was the father of Bazaleel was married March 13, 1794, to Miss Elizabeth Latshaw and moved to Smithfield township in 1801, and settled on a farm, some two miles west of the village, which is now owned and occupied by the subject of our sketch. He reared a family of thirteen children, seven sons and six daughters, Peter, Mary, James, John, Thomas, Elizabeth, Jacob, Phoebe, Daniel, Bazaleel, Catharine, Rachel, Sarah Ann. Of these, James, John, Thomas, Mary and Ctharine are deceased. James Hammond died in 1849, and his wife in 1863. Bezaleel, our subject, was born December 5, 1809, on the old homestead, which he now owns and occupies. He married Louisa Hurford, January 8, 1845. By this marriage, they reared a family of six children, three sons and three daughters, Hugh, Emma, Jacob G., Leander J., Eliza, Asenath. Two of these, Jacob and Leander are deceased, Hugh, is married, the others still remain with their parents. Mr. Hammond devotes a good deal of attention to raising Ayrshire cattle. He has taken great care in securing thorough bred stock from Canada, and a herd of more beautiful cattle are seldom found. For further details see American herd book. WILLIAM TALBOTT was born in Smithfield township, on the noted Perrin Run, December 24, 1824. His parents, Jonathan and Mary Talbott, were natives of Pennsylvania and emigrated to this vicinity in 1821. His father's principal business was teaching school. He died in 1861; his wife died in 1840. William Talbott has followed farming during his life, and owns the old Talbott homestead. . He was married to Miss Anna C. Kelley in 1875 ; has but one child, a son. Mr. Talbott now resides in the village of York. JOHN GOODWIN.—The subject of this sketch is the son of Gideon Goodwin and Rachael Pierce, and was born September 18, 1798. His father was born in Chester county, Pa., about the year 1776. His mother was a. native of Frederick county, Va., and was born about the year 1779. John Goodwin, our subject, was a native of Virginia, and came to Mt. Pleasant when about 18 years old, in company with his father's family, and while there engaged in the tailoring business with his father, and continued with him for three years. He then married Miss Elizabeth Croley, of Virginia, and moved to Smithfield. This union was blessed with ten children, one daugther and nine sons. Of' that number six are still living. His wife, after journeying through life with him for fifty-six years, was called home, leav- ing him to mourn her departure. He resided in Smithfield sixteen years, then settled in York, in 1838, where he now resides. He has held several offices in the county, has held the office of justice of the peace for thirty-six years, which position he still continues to fill. RICHARD PURVIANCE.—The subject of this sketch was born in Smithfield, on the same farm where he now resides, June 15, 1832. He is the son of Richard and Deborah Purviance. Richard Purviance was a native of Fayette county, Pa., being born there in 1785. His wife, who was Deborah Clapp, was a native of the state of New York, where she was born July 15, 1799. Their marriage took place April 20, 1819. They reared a family of five children, three of whom are now living, Alfred J., Joseph W. and Richard. The farm that Richard now resides on is the old Purviance homestead. His father inherited this farm from James Purviance, Sr., grandfather of our subject, and cleared every foot of it himself. Richard Purviance was married to Miss Ellen Hunter, March 3, 1863. She was a native of Virginia, and daughter of Nathaniel Bunter. Their family consists of one child only. N. M. NAYLOR was born October 8, 1832, in Smithfield township, one mile north of York, on the farm owned by J. H. Runt. His father, J. S. Naylor, was born in the city of Baltimore, and and came to Ohio in 1809, and settled first on McIntire creek. J. S. Naylor was married to Miss Jane McGrew in 1823. They reared a family of nine children, five of whom are now living, Eliza A., Nathan M., Samuel G., William B. and Oliver P. Nay. 558 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. lor. N. M. Naylor, our subject, was married to Miss Alice Ellicott, January 1, 1870, by Rev. W, R. Kirkwood. His family consists of two children, Elizabeth Ann and Olive Isabel. The farm Mr. Naylor resides on, is known as the Hammond farm, being originally entered by that gentleman. It contains two hundred and two acres, well adapted to farming and grazing. It is now owned by his brother Samuel Naylor, ISAAC BARKHURST, son of William and Nancy Barkhurst, was born in Smithfield township, May 3, 1806. His father and mother were natives of Maryland, Mr Barkhurst was married to Naomi Moore, in 1824 ; she died soon after. His second wife was Isabel Muncy. They were married in 1833, and have reared a family of twelve children, three boys and nine girls. Mr. Barkhurst now resides on his farm in Smithfield township, containing 74 acres. He owns other farms. His second wife having also died, he married Miss Hannah Marshall, September, 1835. William Barkhurst, father of Isaac Barkhurst, served in the war of 1812. JOHN CROW was born in Wayne township, Jefferson county, March 15, 1822. His father was a native of Washington county, Pa., and was born in 1800. His mother was born in Westmoreland county, Pa., in 1793. The family consisted of four sons and four daughters ; James B., John, William, Margaret J,; Samuel, Mary A., Rachel, Matilda and Elizabeth Sarah. John, the subject of our sketch, was married to Susannah Pyle in 1850. They reared a family of seven children, Sarah J,, Anna E., Ellsworth T., Rachel Minnie, Cora, John B., Margaret T. and Ruth I. AUGUSTUS CARTER, son of Joshua and Sarah Carter, was born December 17, 1826, near Gossett's mill, Smithfield township. His father was born in Baltimore county, Maryland, in 1794. His mother was born in Pennsylvania in 1793. They emigrated to Ohio in 1812, and settled on the farm now owned by Isaac Barkhurst. Henry Carter, grandfather of our subject, came also to this county with his son Joshua. Joshua Carter died December 27, 1873, and his wife died September 9, 1868. Augustus Carter was married to Miss Ruth Tipton, November 6, 1856, by Rev, Petty. Mr, Carter now resides on his farm two miles west of Smithfield. It contains 160 acres of choice land, well improved and well adapted to grain raising and pasturage. Cadwallader Evans, grandfather on his mother's side, entered this farm from the government, Mr, Carter has the patent deed, The farm is known as the Carter Homstead, ALEXANDER S, THOMPSON.—Hugh Thompson, father of our subject, was married to Miss Elizabeth Scroggs, January 19, 1815. They were both natives of Cumberland county, Pa. The subject of our sketch was horn August 4, 1817, on the farm on which he now resides. He was married to Miss Jane Bootes by Rev, William P. Bried, November 23, 1848. They have reared a family of four children, all boys, James Lorimer, the oldest, is a United Presbyterian minister, located at Whitinsville, Mass. The others, H. M., W. H. Thaddeus and A. Lincoln, remain at home. Mr. Thompson received his education at the schools of the neighborhood, JACOB PARKINSON.—Jacob and Mary Parkinson were natives of Maryland, and came to Ohio in 1814, The following is his family record: Jacob Parkinson was born October 10, 1787 ; Mary Keller was born November 8, 1793; John Parkinson was born September 24, 1815; Thomas, born February 19, 1817 ; Joseph, born September 8, 1825; William, born June 14, 1827; Daniel, born May 7, 1829 ; Edward, born May 11, 1832; Louisa, born August 9, 1814 ; Nancy, born November 22, 1830 ; Elizabeth, born June 20, 1834. The father died in 1865, aged 78 ; the mother died in 1876, aged 83. Of the above named children, John was born in Smithfield township, on the farm now owned by Barkhurst Bros., near York. Re has remained thus far in single blessedness, being now in his sixty-fourth year. He owns one of the finest farms Smithfield township can boast of, containing 225 acres, well improved. JOSEPH PARKINSON was born September 8, 1825, on the farm now owned by John Parkinson. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Ann Betton in 1854. They reared a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters—Junius L., Serena M,, William H., Mary E., John, Edward W, and Julia A. Parkinson. DANIEL PARKINSON was born in Smithfield township, on the farm now owned by John Parkinson. He was married, first, to Miss Mary McMillan, daughter of James McMillan, of Belmont county, in the year 1864, She died in 1867. His second marriage was to Mrs. Elizabeth A, Mitchell, daughter-in-law of Rev. Benjamin Mitchell, of Mount Pleasant, July 22, 1870, Mr. Parkinson came to the farm on which he now lives in 1864, known as the Cuppy farm. The old log house standing on the farm near the one in which Mr. Parkinson now lives was built by the Cuppys about the year 1798, and is in a state of good preservation, He has two children, one by each wife, Robert D. and Mary Jane. JAMES B. KING.—The father of the subject of our sketch, Solomon King, was born on the eastern shore of Maryland and married Miss Sarah Grimes. He emigrated at an early day to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He and Samuel Ekert built a small boat and run themselves down the Ohio river to Warrenton, Mr. King then located at Mount Pleasent, where he worked at the tinning business for several years. From Mount Pleasant, he went to Washington county, Ohio, and located at a small place called Plymouth, where he died at an advanced age. James King, our subject, was born near Mount Pleasant, October 5, 1812, and was married to Miss Mary McCance, daughter of Manson McCance, in 1835. They have reared eight children athan King, born February 23, 1836; Sarah, born January 10, 1838; Job S., born November 8, 1839 , Elizabeth J., February 16,1842; Charlotte, born December 9, 1843 ; Susannah., born February 9, 1847 ; G. W., born March 29, 1849 ; Hannah E., born October 26, 1856, Mr, King resides-on his farm of seventy-five acres on Piney Fork. NOBLE LEWIS, — The subject of this sketch, was born February 3, 1839, in Warren township, Jefferson county. He is the son of William and Anna Lewis, His father, William Lewis, was born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, in 1769. In 1801-2, he ran produce boats from Pittsburgh to New Orleans. This proved to be a successful business and was his first start in the world. About this time he married Miss Anna Parsons, of Fayette county, Pennsylvania, but formerly of the state of Delaware. He then emigrated to Jefferson county, and settled on the farm now owned by Noble Lewis, now known as the Lewis homestead, and reared a family of nine children, five of whom are now living. He died on the old homestead at the age of 83. His wife died at the age of 63, Mr. Noble Lewis was the youngest of the family, and was reared a farmer and educated at the neighboring schools. He was married to Mary E. Parr, February 23, 1867, He has reared a family of two children. Although he has two good farms in Warren township, he resides with his family in Smithfield, but looks after his farming interests himself. N. HAYNE.—Daniel Rayne, the father of the subject of our sketch, was born on the eastern shore of Maryland in 1763 and emigrated to Virginia when about 21 years of age, and followed farming about five years on Castleman's run. During the time he lived in Virginia he did a good deal of hunting in Ohio, and made frequent visits to Jacob Holmes, who lived where David Comly resides. In 1802 he married Polly Stoneman, and moved to Ohio. After living at several places he finally settled On the farm where our subject, N. Hayne, now lives. He remained on this farm until his death, in 1864, in the 102d year of his age. Mrs. Hayne died when only fifty-one years old, They reared a family of twelve children, nine sons and three daughters. Our subject, N. Hayne, married Phoebe Morris November 28, 1839. They have reared a family of seven children, four of whom are still living. Mr. Hayne resides on the old homestead farm of 263 acres choice land, well improved. JAMES DAVIDSON was born in Wayne township, January 14, 1828. His parents, John and Mary Davidson, were both natives of this state. His father was born in 1798, and is now deceased, his mother still survives in her 73d year. Mr. James Davidson, the subject of our sketch, was married to Miss Mary J. Buchanan in 1848. They have reared a family of five children—Arabella, Lou, Carrie, Nelly and George Davidson. Mr. Davidson enlisted under C. W. Clancy in Company B, 52d Regiment O. V. I., in August, 1862. He served three years and participated in several of the severe battles of the war, and was honorably discharged in 1865. ROBERT HENDERSON.—The parents of the subject of our sketch were natives of Ireland, where this son was born October 14, 1802, The family emigrated to America in 1804, and settled in Washington county, Pennsylvania, where they remained until HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 509 1814, when they removed to Smithfield township, Jefferson county. Robert Henderson, Sr., died in 1836, and Robert Henderson, Jr., died March. 11, 1873, Of a family of six children, but two survive, R. F. and William Henderson. These two sons reside on the same farm and in the same house where their grandfather and their father lived. This farm was a wilderness when purchased by Mr. Henderson, and cost him $2.75 an acre. JOSEPH HASTINGS.—James Hastings, the father of Joseph Hastings, was born in Ireland, about the year 1773. When about eighteen years of age he came to America and stopped at Wilmington, Delaware, where he learned the boot and shoe making trade. He afterwards did journeyman work at the same business, in Philadelphia. He married Martha Black. From Philadelphia he removed to Washington county, Pennsylvania, where the subject of our sketch was born, November 20, 1807. Here he was engaged in farming near Beallsville, till 1813, when he moved to Ohio, and settled on the farm now owned by Joseph Hastings, in Smithfield township, where he remained till his death in 1830, aged fifty-seven years. Joseph Hastings, the subject of our sketch, who now owns the property, was married to Miss Ruth Brown in 1832. They reared a family of nine children, seven of whom still survive. Of Mr. Hasting's sons, three served in the war of the rebellion, John W, Hastings enlisted August, 1862, in company B, 52d O. V. I., under Col. C. W. Clancy, and served three years. Stephen B. Hasting was out in the hundred days service, 126th Regiment Ohio National Guards; took the measles at Fort Delaware, was sent home and died in eight days afterwards at Bloomfield, Jas. D. Hastings was also out at the same time, in the same regiment. JOHN STONEMAN AND JOHN MCLAUGHLIN,—About the year 1801 or 1802, these two men located their lands in Smithfield township, now the Russell and S. R. McLaughlin farm, and were preparing to build cabins. Stoneman hearing some one chopping near by, concluded one or the other of them was wrong in locating their cabins. They sought each other out and were greatly rejoiced, not knowing there was any one in the country near. After an examination of the lines, they found that Stoneman was wrong in his selection of a building site, as he was building his cabin near another man's spring and in one corner of his own lot. He therefore concluded to change his location, He finally selected the site where Jame§ Russell's house now stands. JOHN HOYLE was born in England, March 2; 1815. He is the son of John and Elizabeth Hoyle. His father and grandfather and their families emigrated to America in 1815, and all came direct to Ohio, except the father of our subject, who halted in Philadelphia county, where be remained about four years on a farm (the Centennial grounds of 1876), from whence he came to 1871, aged 84, His wife died in the spring of 1821. John Hoyle, Jr,, the subject of our sketch, was married to Dorothy Johnston in 1837 in Columbiana county, Ohio. They were both birthright Quakers. When they came over from England they were one hundred days on the voyage, and were entirely out of provisions when they reached our shores. Mr. Hoyle now lives on his farm of 202 acres near Smithfield. It is choice land and well improved, JACOB BARKHURST was born in Smithfield township November 11, 1808. His parents were William and Nancy Barkhurst. Mr, B. was married to Mary Moore February 27, 1830. They reared a family of two children, William and Naomi. His first wife died December 25, 1837. His second marriage was to Jane Raymond in 1840, She died September 25, 1859. SUSANNAH HOLMES MOORE.—Susannah Holmes Moore died at her residence in Smithfield on the 10th instant, of cancer of the stomach, at the age of 83 years, 2 months, and 11 days. She was born November 22, 1793, and lived in the neighborhood in which she was born the greater part of a hundred years, honored, loved and respected by. all who knew her. She was the mother of seventeen children, the most of whom now live. She lived to see and caress a child of the fourth generation ; and at the time of her death, her offspring in children, grandchildren great grandchildren and great great grandchildren numbered one hundred and forty-six, She was converted and joined the M. E. Church when thirteen years of age, and lived a consistent member of it until she was called to join the Church Triumphant above. It was wonderful to hear her tell of this country when but a wilderness, and to see how clear her intellect was as to past and present events. She saw the first church built west of the Ohio river, and attended its meetings for a great many years. She remembered the first preacher, and every one else who preached in the building. She could remember when the Indian roamed over these hills, and most of the trying times of the war of 1813. It is a loss, and a great one, not to have a full history of this remarka- ble Christian woman's life ; for undoubtedly, she was the oldest Methodist of her day in eastern Ohio, having been in the church seventy years ; and it is fitting to say, that amid the gloom of death the Christian can utter without restraint, " I know that my Redeemer liveth,"—From the Smithfield Independent, Feb. 17, 1876. WAYNE TOWNSHIP. This, like the townships south of it, is a high rolling land, in places hilly and rough, but has a strong limestone soil, that produces well all the various kinds of grain and grasses, It is underlaid with the same strata of coal which is found in the other parts of the county, which is almost exclusively used for all purposes. Wayne township was organized June 12, 1805. It contains two villages, four postoffices, ten churches and three railroad stations along the line of the Pan-Handle road, which passes through it from east to west. EARLY SETTLERS. As in other townships, so in this, there is great difficulty .in determining with certainty who the first settlers were, when they settled, or where. It is probable that about 1796 or 1797, was as early as any whites settled within the present limits of the township. It is conceded that the first white child born in the limits of Wayne, was John Mansfield, who was born on section ten, December, 1797, and Joseph Copeland was the second white child born within the township, in 1800, James Blackburn came from Westmoreland county, Pa., in 1798, and settled two and a half miles southeast of Bloomfield, on the farm now owned by Washington Stringer, and his brother, Anthony Blackburn, came at the same time and settled beside him. This property is also owned by the Stringers. John Maxwell came from the same place at the Same time and settled near the Blackburns, and Jacob Ong settled on Short creek at an early date. The following is a list of early settlers who were here from 1806 to 1814: Michael Stonehocker, Lewis Throgmorton, Henry Beamer, John Dickey, Richard Coleman, John Barrett, Jacob Spaw, Benjamin Price, John Cox, Wm. Wright, Jr., John Lyons, James Tipton, Joseph Knott, John Debos, Robert Peoples, John Tipton, Robert Christy, Wm. Sprague, John Hoover; James Sample, Hugh Trimble, John Sprague, Joseph McGrail, Leonard Ruby, Manuel Manly, Thomas Carr, Tobias Shanks, John Vorhes, John Welch, Joshua Cole, John Vanhorn, Nicholas Merryman, John Coleman Charles Stewart, Abel Sweezy, John Thorn, Wm. Elliott, Jacob Cox, Nicholas Wheeler, Wm. Cox, John Dayton Elijah Cox, Samuel McNary, Zebidee Cox, Jacob Lemon, Sheridan Cox, Greenberry Green, Christopher Cox, Wm, Sweezy, Zebidee Cox, Jr., Thomas Arnold, Thomas Bell, John Edgington, Isaac Vanhorn, Ezekiel Cole, John McClay, George Hazelmaker, John Matthews, Sylvester Tipton, Henry Fergu- son, John Kinney, Wm. Wright, Sr., Richard Boren, Methiah Scammerhorn, Daniel Shivillee, Richard Ross, John Johnson, James Barber, James Ferguson, James Sinkey, Amos Scott, Benjamin Bond, John Jones, Thomas Lindsey, Gabriel Holland, Patrick Moore, Lorne Tippen, Robert McLary, Peter Ross, Moses Riley, Jacob Vorhes, Morris Dunlevy, Solomon Tracy, Michael Worxby, Wm. Sullivan, Thomas Jones, Ernel Tracy, Thomas Ross, Joshua Lemon, Henry Barber, James G. Harrah, Robert. Milligan, John Hedge, David Milligan, John Scott, Andrew Duncan, Peter Beebout, Thomas Moore, Andrew Johnson, James Dogan, Jacob Jones, Thomas Riley. MILLS. The first mill was built by Nathan McGrew, on Cross creek, where Shelly's station now stands. 560 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. Some time from 1856 to 1860, David Farmer bought from Henry Eagleson, of Harrison county, a steam flouring mill, which he removed to Bloomfield and put up on the tanyard lot, formerly owned by Alexander Bines. The citizens, as an inducement, assisted in the purchase. About 1863 or 1864, Farmer sold it to Voorhes & Keller, who attached a saw mill to it. These men run it some time, when it was sold by the sheriff to Reuben Burchfield, who sold it to Patton & Boop and they sold it to Clement Boop, who is now successfully carrying on the business, HAYTI. There is in the southern part of this township a colony or neighborhood of colored people, which originated the application of the. name of Hayti to their settlement, About 1835, a Mr, Buford, of Charles City county, Va., liberated 6 or 8 slaves, who emigrated to Ohio and settled on Still Water, Harrison county. They were sent under the guardianship of Benjamin Ladd. The same Mr. Buford subsequently, about 1830, liberated some five or six families, containing eighteen or twenty persons in all. These last were sent under the guardian care of Robert Ladd, who first bought a quarter section of land, and then another lot of one hundred and five acres of Thomas Mansfield, and settled them on it, where these colored people have since lived, By Mr. Buford's will these lands were to be divided among the children of these families as they became of age. When the lands were thus finally divided, there were from five to fifteen acres to each heir. There are at present, 1879, eleven families, amounting in all to some fifty or sixty persons, occupying the premises, They have two churches—one Baptist and one M, E. Church, with Sabbath schools connected with each, The M, E, Church was established about 1845; and the Baptist Church in 1870. They are also organized into a separate subdistrict for school purposes. Upon the whole, they do not appear to have progressed very much in material prosperity, or improved in moral or intellectual development. TOWNS AND VILLAGES. BLOOMFIELD. This village was laid off by David Craig, in 1817, but being; far inland, its growth and business have been slow. It is difficult to gain much history of its early business, TEACHERS. The first teacher was Isaac Holmes, and the second one was John Haughey, the next one Joseph Dunlap. BLACKSMITHS, The first blacksmith was John Morrison, who started business in 1823. WAGONMAKERS. The first wagonmaker was John Crow, who started a shop in 1823 or 1824. FIRST PHYSICIANS. The following are the first doctors who located in the village : First, Dr, Harrison ; second, Dr. Riddle; third, Dr. Vorbees ; fourth, Dr, Johnson, FIRST HOTEL, The first hotel was started by Richard Price in 1822. The second one by Marion Duvall, some time after, TANNERIES. The first tannery was started by Thomas M, Latta, who came in 1826 ; and the second one by Henry H. Beckett in 1827, The tanneries are now all discontinued: DISTILLERIES. Distilleries were numerous and pervaded every portion of the township, but like the tanneries, they have all disappeared. BUSINESS HOUSES OF TO-DAY. Bloomfield at the present time contains two dry goods stores, one grocery store, one hardware store, one wagon shop, two blacksmith shops, two shoemaker shops, two harness shops, one drug store, one steam flouring and saw mill, two doctors, three churches, viz : one Old School Presbyterian, one M. E. Church, one U. P. Church, arid a population of about two hundred inhab- itants. UNIONPORT. This town, located at Cross creek, on the P. C. R. R., was laid out by William Hervey in July, 1859. When the surveyor, .Joseph Rickey, came to survey the lots out for the town, three or four names were given him from which to select one for the new town. It was desired to get a name for it not given to any other town in the state, The names selected' for him to choose from were Kossuth, Exchange Mills, Unionport and Herveysville. Unionport was chosen and the lots surveyed and sold. The town was originally laid off on the south side of the creek, but lots were from time to time bought from the adjoining land on the north side of the creek and buildings erected, until June, 1879, when these and other lots were regularly surveyed out and an addition made on the north side of the stream, along the track of the railroad, which became a part of the town. This is the greatest shipping point on this railroad between Steubenville and Dennison. Grain and stock of all kinds are largely shipped from this place. The village contains three dry goods and grocery stores, one drug store, two hotels, one wagon and carriage shop, with blacksmith shop, two blacksmith shops, one flouring mill, one saw mill, one lumber yard, one grain ware house, one boot and shoe shop, one tin shop, one millinery store, one dress maker, one broom factory, one carpenter shop, one hardware and agricultural store, one watchmaker and jewelry store, one physician, three churches—one M, E. Church, one Presbyterian and one Disciples church. Population about 300. FIRST BUSINESS HOUSES. The first store kept in the village was started by Coleman & Hervey in 1854. HOTELS. William Hervey kept the only hotel in the place until 1872, when he was succeeded by William Mc ____, who still continues the business. Then Samuel Sproat started a hotel, which he is successfully conducting. The next hotel was started by Sproat and is still in successful operation. EXCHANGE MILLS—UNIONPORT: There was an old water mill on the property now occupied by these mills, when Mr. Hervey bought it in 1850. This old mill he removed and replaced it with a new one, in which he put now double engines. In 1866 he sold it. Since then it has passed through several hands. The steam engines were taken out and the mill is now run by water power, and is doing a good business. THE CARRIAGE SHOPS Were first started by Thomas Potts as a wagon shop in 1847, In 1858-60, the three sons becoming interested in it, gradually discontinued the wagon making business and changed to carriage making. George, one of the sons finally became sole owner and carried on the business until 1876, when Thomas Hare of Pittsburgh, became proprietor, and leased it to W, C. Cookson, who now carries on the business. UNIONPORT LODGE NO. 333 F. & A, M. Chartered October 16, 1861. Charter members—Charles Mather, Eli L. Wolf, William Herron George Potts, Warner Grimes, William Miser, Edward Hall, Samuel Sproat and Joseph Adrian, all of Smithfield Lodge. Eli Wolf, F. M, ; George Pott, F. S, W. ; William Herron, F. J. W. August 21, 1879, the members number forty-eight. Officers—William C, Cookson, W, M, ; John Thompson, S. W, ; W, W. Robe, J. W. ; Samuel Vorbes, treasurer ; C. B. Templeton, secretary ; Samuel Sproat, S, D, ; A. J. Ralston, J. D. ITALIAN MARBLE WORKS—UNIONPORT. This enterprise was first started at Annapolis by John J. Gruber, the present proprietor, in 1870, and re-established at HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 561 Unionport, April 1, 1874, where he, continues the manufacture of monuments and head stones of every description. He furnishes work to from four to six employes. UNIONPORT CARRIAGE WORKS. This establishment turns out nothing but the best work, and is well known throughout this section of country, They manufacture all kinds of wagons, buggies, carriages, and do all kinds of repairing, and furnish employment to a number of hands the year around. Mr. W, C. Cookson is the proprietor. UNION PORT HOTEL. This is a new house, well furnished and well kept, and is one of,the necessary enterprises of Unionport. It is located near the depot. Mr. Samuel Sproat is the proprietor and a very congenial gentleman. The traveling public will find good accommodations and reasonable charges. POSTOFFICES, BLOOMINGDALE. The first office established in this township was at Bloomfield in 1823, called Bloomingdale. The following is a list of the postmasters as nearly as can be gathered from its establishment to the present time : 1823, Henry Rickey ; 1825, Edward Hand; 1827, Washington Murray ; 1828, Marion Duvall ; 1829, Samuel McGrew ; 1836, Basil Carter ; 1846, John W. Carter ; 1849, J. B. Simeral ; 1857, Haran Maxwell ; 1859, M. L, Blackburn, 1869, John B. Simeral, present incumbent. UNIONPORT. This was the second postoffice established. It was granted in 1854, and the following are the postmasters who have been appointed : 1854, James Wagoner; 1857, William Herron ; 1865, Samuel Vorhes; 1855, David Madlock ; 1871, Harvey Poland, present incumbent. FAIR PLAY. This is the third office, and was established at Bloomfield station, on the B. & C, R. R., in 1858. Wayne township refused to vote a subscription of $30,000 to build the Steubenville and Indiana It R., now the "Pan-Handle," and in consequence the railroad company did not feel disposed to extend any favors to the people of that locality. During this state of feeling an application was made to the department for the establishment of a postoffice at this station, and William Blackburn, a prominent citizen and an active leader in the movement, suggested " Fair Play " as an appropriate name, which was agreed to, and the office was established with that name. Mr. Brackburn was appointed the first postmaster, and served until May 1, 1865, when he resigned and was succeeded by the present incumbent, C. B. Templeton. CRESSWELL. This is an office established at Skelly's station, on the P. C. & St. L. railroad. It was established in 1869. First postmaster, James Keys, who served about three years. Others filled the position in the following order : Robert Jollie, one year ; Amos Hammond, one year ; John Boop, one year ; John Montgomery, present postmaster. CHURCHES. MOUNT MORIAH—REGULAR BAPTIST. This is the oldest regular Baptist church in Jefferson county. It was first organized at Steubenville, May 17, 1812. Daniel Woodward was chosen clerk, and Rev. Samuel Yateman was called to, be its minister, which call he cheerfully accepted: In the " Declaration of Principles" set forth by these early pioneers we quote : "ART. 15, We believe that pride is forbidden in the Scriptures, and that it is the duty of all the followers of the meek and lowly Jesus to adorn themselves in modest apparel as people professing godliness. "71—B. & J, Coo. "ART. 16. We believe that the principle and practice of slave-holding is an abhorrent sin in the sight of God, and very inhuman to man ; we therefore refuse to commune with slaveholders at the Lord's table, and with any that will commune with them." After a lapse of two years, we find this record : " The church having thought proper to remove their meetings of. business from Steubenville, met at the house of Mordecai Cole, near Cross creek, in Wayne township, Jefferson county, on the 5th day of March, 1814." This was near where Unionport now is. Their meetings appear to have been held at private houses for some years, and, though the country was new and sparsely settled, and all were busy in clearing away the forests and opening up homes, they were not unmindful of their religious duties, but promptly attended all their meetings, many traveling from three to sixteen miles. The last record we have of this church is September 20, 1817 : "Church met at the house of Peter lesser, when, after preaching, Thomas White and Zachariah Prichard presented letters from the Thumb Run Church of Faquier county, Va., and were received into fellowship." About this time the scattered members of this church appear to have united with the regular Baptist Church at Hopedale, Harrison county, about seven miles from the neighborhood where these members lived, where they continued to attend .worship until 1823, when, on account of the distance they had to travel, they petitioned to be set off to themselves again. They were regularly constituted a new church, by the name of Pine Run Church, and a new hewed building was erected the same year and solemnly dedicated. The first sermon preached in it was by Elijah Stone, who was the first regular pastor. The next pastor was Rev. Hipsley, then followed by John Long, Thomas W. Greer, Solomon Sells, George Jones, George Whar- ton, George C. Sedgwick, -- Squibb, Washington Glass. The original members composing this church at its reorgani- nation in 1823, were James Shockney and Rebecca Shockney,, his wife, Luke Tipton and Theresa Tipton, his wife, Thomas Rowland and Deborah Rowland, his wife, Andrew Roloson and Hannah Roloson, his wife—eight members in all.. The original log house having been occasionally repaired and weatherboarded, is still standing in a good state of preservation, though no regular preaching has been held in it far some years. It is yet the legal property of the church. This Pine Run church after its reorganization in 1823, appears to have been for many years. a strong influential, body, with a flourishing Sabbath school connected with it, but a large and influential portion of its members situated in the neighborhood of where Mount Moriah church now stands, became desirous of building a new house there and establishing the church at that place, which being opposed by those living in the neighborhood of Pine run, those favoring the removal voluntarily withdrew and built a new house and formed themselves into a regular church organization, which they called Mount Moriah. A council was called to consider the propriety of the action. This council met July 6, 1861, and after examining " The Articles of Faith," &c., of the brethren and sisters, resolved to recognize them as a regular Baptist church, with the name of Mount Moriah, and on Sabbath Rev. W. R, McGowan preached the sermon, Rev. J. Davis offered prayer and gave the hand of fellowship and G. C. Sedgwick the charge to the church. The infant church elected the following officers :.G. C. Sedgwick, pastor ; S. B. Thorp, .clerk ; Andrew Ralston, W. P, Saunders, W. Merriman and G. W. Ralston, deacons ; John Cole, John L, Megrail and John Walden, trustees. The number that united as. members on the occasion was thirty-five. For about a year the church held its meetings in a barn and sometimes in a school house, near, In the summer of 1862, John and Thomas Cole gave the church an acre of land, upon which the present house was built. In regard to furnishing the house we find this entry upon the church records : " Whereas, the Smithfield Chapter of R. A. Masons have generously donated us the sum of $20 to pay for our lamps, therefore, Resolved, That the thanks of this church be tendered to the Chapter for their kindness to us, and may Heaven bless them in all their deeds of charities and labors of love." A Sabbath school was organized and prayer meetings held. In the fall of 1864, the pastor, Rev, G, C. Sedgwick, impelled by a sense of duty resigned his charge and entered the service of his country to help put down the great rebellion that threatened to destroy the country and the institutions of civil liberty, reared at so great a sacrifice by our forefathers. 562 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. In November, 1864, Rev. S. D. Ross was engaged as pastor to fill the vacancy. Before two years had expired, this pastor was compelled by failing health to seek rest among the friends of his youth in his northern home. Rev. W. J. Dunn was invited to assume the pastorate which he did, October 6, 1866. After serving the church four years, this pastor also leaving the church it was pastorless until 1871, when he returned and served one year, and again left them. The congregation without a pastor became scattered, and the Sabbath school diminished, until in the spring of 1873, Rev. G. C. Sedgwick again took charge of the congregation which is now in a prosperous condition. Upon the establishment of Monnt Moriah and a withdrawal of so large a portion of its members, Pine Run church is no longer able to keep up an organization, and for some years its meetings have ceased, PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH—UNIONPORT. This church was organized June 18, 1874, by a committee of the Presbytery of Steubenville, appointed for that purpose. The committee consisted of Rev. Israel Price and L. V. Milligan, with the elder, Henry Hammond. The original members were the following, twenty-three in number, viz : John Welday, Mrs, Elizabeth Welday, James Reed, Mrs. Mary Reed, Mrs, Sarah J, McNary, Alexander Porter, J. P. Lyle, C. M. Jones, Emma C. Jones, John Moore, Mrs. Sarah Moore, William Crenery, Mrs, Esther Crenery, Jonas Amspoker, Mrs. Ella Amspoker, John J. Gruber, Mrs. Mary Gruber, Dr, John Cameren, Mrs. Anna Cameren, George Polen, Mrs, Mary Ann Whitmore and Miss Mary Crenery, Messrs. Alexander Porter, James Reed, John Welday and John Moore were elected to the office of ruling elders, and regularly ordained and installed. Messrs, Dr, John Cameren, J. J. Gruber and G, M, Jones were elected to the office of deacon, and regularly ordained and installed, During the fall of 1874, the congregation erected a small but commodious house of worship, which was dedicated to the worship of God on Thursday, the 4th day of February, 1875, On the 28th day of May, 1875, the Rev, Alexander Swaney, D. D. was regularly installed as pastor, He was the first and only pastor of the church to the present date, and under his ministrations and by the favoring smile of divine providence, this church has enjoyed a steady growth, At present, after deaths and removals, the membership is about eighty, M. E. CHURCH—UNIONPORT. This church was organized about 1863-64, The first meetings were held in the old brick school house until it was burnt. They then held their meetings in the frame school house until the fall of 1874, when they built a new edifice which was dedicated by 1. C, Pershing, of Pittsburgh, who preached the dedicatory sermon, assisted by W. D. Starkey, minister in charge, At its organization there were but twelve or fourteen members, which is now increased to forty. There is a Sunday school connected with the church. M, E. CHURCH—BLOOMFIELD. This church, located at Bloomfield, was organized about 1828– 30, In 1842 the first church building was erected, which is still occupied by the congregation, It is a brick edifice, 42x32, and cost some $1,200. There were forty original members ; the present number (1879) is ninety. A Sunday school was established about 1844, with an enrollment of forty scholars, The present number is fifty, It has a library in connection with it. M. P. CHURCH—BLOOMFIELD, This chat ch was organized October 10, 1871, in the Presbyterian Church, by the Rev. J, A. Morrow. Thirty-five members united with it on the occasion, David Hervey, Joseph Hervey and Samuel McCoy were chosen the first elders. Ebenezer Hervey, J. B, Hervey, William H. Hervey, James Keys and Samuel McCoy were appointed trustees, In 1871-72 they built a house 32x52 at a cost of $4,000. On the completion of it, the trustees were discontinued, and the deacons performed their duties. The new house was dedicated November 14, 1872, by Rev, Kennedy, of Steubenville. Rev. Jamison was their first pastor, who served them until April 10, 1876, since which time there has been only supplies. There is a Sabbath school, with fifty scholars, connected with the church. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. WILLIAM FERGUSON.—Mr. Ferguson was born in Pennsylvania in 1778. In 1802 he came to Wayne township and purchased land in section five, but returned to his native state and remained until 1803, when lie came again and made a permanent settlement. After crearing some land and building a cabin, his next step was to purchase a still for making whisky, as that was the only staple article that would bring money at all times, This enterprise was continued for but a few years. Mr. Ferguson then engaged in farming and followed that for the balance of his life. In 1818 he was elected justice of the peace, and remained in office until 1836. He died in 1868, on the farm he settled in 1803, JAMES FERGUSON, a son of William Ferguson, was born on the old homestead in Wayne township, March 26, 1809. He was reared a farmer and received his education in the log school house of his time. At the age of twenty-eight years he married Miss Sarah Woods, by whom he -has four children. Mr. Ferguson had two sons in the late war. John was captain of Company G., 43d O, V., and William was sergeant of the same company. Mr. Ferguson has represented the township in various offices, and is one of the trustees at present. SAMUEL FERGUSON was born on the old homestead in 1815. He was reared a farmer, and during his boyhood attended a subscription school during a few months in the winter, and in this way received a fair education. In 1840 he married Miss Martha Boyd, of Wayne township. They have nine children—seven sons and two daughters. Mr. Ferguson is the present owner of the old Ferguson homestead and resides there. JOHN MOORE.—The subject of this sketch was born in Saline township, Jefferson county, in 1820, and is a descendant of one of the pioneers of that township. John was reared on the farm and received a good practical education, He is engaged in his chosen profession, that of farming and stock raising, and is devoting a great deal of his time to the raising of fine sheep and cattle, in both of which he 'aims to. excel, and may be called one of the model farmers of this township, or rather of Jefferson county, His farm is finely improved and shows a good cultivation, It is located near what is known as the Dorsey Flats. GEORGE MAXWELL was a son of James Maxwell, one of the pioneers of Wayne, and a native of Pennsylvania. George was born near Bloomfield, February 24, 1826. He was reared a ,farmer and received a good common school education. He married Miss Mary Howard, January 1, 1867. They have one child, who was born December 29, 1867. On the morning of December 26, 1877, Mr. Maxwell left home to go to. Steubenville, and while passing a train standing on the side track near Bloomfield, the engine of which train was blowing off steam, makings noise so great that he could hear nothing else, an eastern bound train, running at great speed, struck him and caused instant death. The news was soon carried to his family and friends, casting a gloom over the whole neighborhood, as Mr, Maxwell was a person highly respected by all who knew him, He was a member of the Presbyterian church and belonged to the Masonic order. His loss was felt by his brother members, both in the church and the lodge. ROBERT PARKS.—Mr, Parks was born in Wayne township, March 26, 1800, Labon Parks, father of Robert, was a Virginian and first came to Ohio as a soldier, being stationed at Fort Carpenter for some time, and was present there when the Johnson boys came in after their escape from the Indians. He came to Steubenville in 1797 and remained until 1800, when he moved to Wayne township, Robert married Miss Mary Hedges, daughter of John Hedges, of Wayne township. They have seven children—two sons and five daughters. JOHN BELL, Sa., was born in Lancaster county, Pa., in 1804, and came to Jefferson county, Ohio, with his parents when a boy, They located in Wayne township, where Mr. Bell has remained ever since. He was brought up on the farm and received a limited education, as there was too much hard work to be done to allow of much schooling. In 1829, he married Miss Nancy Merryman, daughter of Nicholas Merryman. They have had nine children, of whom seven are living—five sons and two daughters. Mr. Bell is a farmer, and a very active man for his age. He resides near Bloomfield. HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 563 JAMES REED.—Mr, Reed was born in Westmoreland county, Pa., April 14, 1816, He went to Richland county, Ohio, with his father, but after a time came to Jefferson county and located. He married Miss Mary Mansfield, daughter of Thomas Mansfield, They have three children. Mr. Reed's occupation was that of a farmer, He served as a justice of the peace for a number of years, and in 1875, was elected county commissioner, and served with credit to himself and to his county. He died December 20, 1878, His son occupies the old homestead at Unionport. SAMUEL BLACKBURN was born in December, 1813. His father was Anthony Blackburn, who came from Pennsylvania in 1800. Mr. Blackburn was brought up on the farm on which he now lives. In 1839, he married Miss Rachel Rolen, daughter of John Rolen, of Wayne township. They have had six children—four sons and two daughters, Mr. Blackburn is a member of the Presbyterian church and has been for a number of years, and is a citizen well liked by all who know him, JOHN COLE.—The subject-of this sketch was born in Jefferson county, in 1812. His father, Joshua Cole, came from Pennsylvania in 1800, and first located at Richmond, this county. After remaining there for twelve years, he moved to Wayne, and entered section 19, where he built a home and brought up his family, consisting of eight children. John was the third son, and was brought up on the farm, and received a good common school education, In 1837 he married Miss Mary Merryman, daughter of Nicholas Merryman. They have had six children, but two are now dead, One son, Joshua P., was in the late war, Mr. Cole is a member of the Baptist. Church ; he is one of the directors of the National Bank at Smithfield, and owns a part of the old homestead in Wayne township, WILLIAM J. STARR. —Mr, Starr was born on the Starr homestead, in Wayne township, in 1844. His father was one of the early settlers in Jefferson county, William was reared a farmer, and received a common school education. After the death of his father he took charge of the old homestead, and has remained there ever since. He is a very enterprising farmer and good citizen, WILLIAM MERRYMAN was born in Wayne township, May 25, 1820. His father was Nicholas Merryman, who came from Maryland in 1801, and located in Wayne township. William was raised on the farm., and has followed the occupation of farming all his life. In 1840 he married Miss Nancy Bell. They have had eight children, of whom five are living—Mary, Nicholas, Charles, Patterson and Sarah, JARET MERRYMAN, son of Nicholas Merryman, was born in Wayne township, June 10, 1811. He was brought up on the farm, and educated at the subscription school of early times. Nov. 19, 1829, he married Miss Mary Jones. They moved to Harrison county and remained there eight years, when they returned to their native county, where they have lived ever since, They have eight children living—two sons being in the late war. Mr. Merryman is a member of the Baptist Church, and a respected citizen. THOMAS McFERREN was born September 5, 1843. He is a son of Thomas and grandson of James McFerren, who came from Scotland in 1783, and first located in New York, but came to Jefferson county in 1802, and located in Wayne township on land now owned by the subject of this sketch. Thomas is a farmer, and has a fine improved farm, JAMES P. HOPKINS —Mr. Hopkins was born on the farm on which he now resides, August 8, 1820. In 1843 he married Miss Cordelia Devall, who died May 21, 1849. In 1851 he married Miss Isabel Nelson of Belmont county, and by that marriage has eight children, six sons and two daughters, all residing in Jefferson county. GEORGE W. STRINGER, was born in Pease township, Belmont county, in 1824, and came to Jefferson county with his parents in 1836. The Stringers were a pioneer family of Belmont county, coming there in Indians times, and their descendants remained in the vicinity ever since. George W. was reared a farmer and still follows that honorable occupation, and has a fine improved farm, I-71—B. & J. Cos. ANDERSON VERMILLIN was born in Smithfield township, Jefferson county, in 1849, and is a son of Charles Vermillin, an old citizen of Smithfield township, Mr, Vermillin is a married man and follows farming as an occupation, His postoffice address is Smithfield, JOHN G. HAMMOND was born in Wayne township in 1844, He is a son of Thomas Hammond who was also born in Wayne on the Hammond homestead, John was reared a farmer and received a good education. He married Miss M, Armstrong, daughter of Robert Armstrong of Bloomfield, in 1872, They have four children—Thomas O., Robert W,, Cordelia M,, and Frank W. ROBERT SNODGRASS was born in Salem township in 1813. His father, James Snodgrass, came from Lancaster county, Pa,, in 1810, and settled in Salem. Robert received his education in the common schools, and was raised a farmer, He married Miss Hannah McFerren, daughter of James McFerren, They have two children living—Isabel and James L,, both married, JOSHUA ROWLAND—Mr, Rowland was born in Maryland, May 4, 1803, and came to Jefferson county with his father, Thomas Rowland, in 1807, and :orated on the farm on which he now lives. He married Miss Rebecca Tipton, daughter of Luke Tipton, a pioneer of Wayne township, They have one son, Shadrach, who lives with his parents, Mr, Rowland is a farmer and lives near Bloomfield station, JAMES MATHER was born in Scotland, June 2, 1812, and came to America with his father's family in 1822, and located in Wayne township, James was reared a farmer and received a fair education, In January, 1837, he married Miss Nancy Copeland, daughter of James Copeland. They have five children—three sons and two daughters, Mr. Mather is a farmer and fine stock raiser, and has a fine farm near Bloomfield. JOSEPH MCNARY, son of John McNary, was born in Wayne township in 1845. He was raised on the farm and educated in the common schools. In October, 1866, he married Miss Nancy McLaughlin, daughter of James McLaughlin. They have two children : Margaret, born September 20867, and Frank, born January 1, 1879. HENRY RALSTON.—Mr, Ralston was born on the Ralston homestead, in Wayne township, March 10, 1833. He was brought up on the farm and received a common school education, In 1858, he married Miss Eliza McNary, who lived until she had two children and then died. He then married Mary Vorhees, who has also bore him two children. Mr. Ralston is a farmer by occupation, and a member of the Baptist church. R. P. MANSFIELD was born in Wayne township, August 9, 1835, and is a son of Edward and Mary Mansfield, and grandson of Thomas Mansfield, one of the pioneers of Wayne township. Mr. Mansfield was raised on the farm and received his education at the common schools of the township. At the outbreak of the war he enlisted in Company E, 52d regiment, 0. V., and remained during the war. In 1874, he married Miss Susan Long, daughter of James Long, Mr. Mansfield is a farmer and stock raiser, and occupies the Thomas Mansfield homestead, near the eastern boundary of Wayne. R. J, MANSFIELD.—The subject of this sketch was born in Wayne township, June 2, 1839, and is a son of Edward and Mary Mansfield. He received his education in the common schools and in starting out in life for himself chose farming as the best means of earning a livelihood. In 1867, he married Miss L. Black, of Harrison county. They have four children—two sons and two daughters. Mr. Mansfield occupies a portion of the old homestead of his father, in Wayne township, JOAN W. MANSFIELD, son of James Mansfield, was born in Wayne township, September 18, 1848. He was brought up on the farm and received his education at Hopedale Academy. He married Miss Sarah J. Moores, daughter of Col. John Moores, March 8, 1872. They have three children—Mattie, John and James, Mr. Mansfield is engaged in farming, JAMES R. MANSFIELD, son of James and grandson of Thomas Mansfield, was born in Wayne township, June 20, 1831. He 564 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. was reared a farmer and educated in the common schools. April 22, 1858, he married Miss L. Coe, daughter of Moses Coe, of Island Ceeek township. They have four children—Ida C,, 'Elsworth E., Larretta E., and James C. JACOB MANSFIELD, is a son of Samuel Mansfield, and was born in Wayne township, October 19, 1844. Ile was reared a farmer and received his education in the common schools. October 19, 1869, he married Miss Sarah C, Burriss. They have four children—three sons and one daughter. THE HERVEY FAMILY. The genealogy of the Hervey family, or at least one branch of it, is as follows : Taking it as a basis, Robert Hervey, of Ireland, father of William Hervey-, Sr., who was born in County Down, Ireland, in the year 1740, near Lisburn. In 1770, he took passage in the ship, " East of Donegal," from Belfast to America, as per certificate of passage dated May 17, and landed at Philadelphia, July 24, of the same year. After his arrival he lived with his uncle McCormic in Chester county, Pa. In 1773 he was married to Sarah Hudson, daughter of Joseph and Sarah Hudson, She was born the 14th of May, 1753. Date of death not recorded, William and Sarah Hervey had a family of nine children, six boys and three girls, Elinor, the oldest, was born January 15, 1774, and died in her infancy. William, the second child, was born October 9, 1775, and at this date his father came from Chester county, Pa., over the mountains to Washington county, Pa.., and located and moved his family in the fall of the same year. William married Susannah Hawthorn, near Taylorsville, Washington county, and moved out to Jefferson county, Ohio, in the year 1807, and located on section 27 in Wayne township, where he encountered all the trials and hardships and dangers of a pioneer settler. There was born to him nine children—five boys and four girls: James, Joseph, William, Sarah, Hannah, Mary, Robert, John and Susannah. James has long been a resident of Kansas, and has a family of five boys and two girls. Joseph lives on the old homestead and has a family of five boys and three girls. William H, lives in Unionport, Wayne township, where he purchased a farm and mill property in 1838, About 1852 a survey for a railroad was Made through this property. He then erected a store building, and in association with his brother John, laid out and surveyed the town plot of Unionport; William is still a resident here, and resides on the old farm; he married Mary MeNary, daughter of Judge Samuel MeNary, in the year 1838, and had a family of two boys and one girl ; the oldest son, Samuel A., was a soldier in the late war, was taken prisoner and confined in Libby prison, and has never been heard of since, but is supposed to have died from prison cruelty. George W., the other son, married Laura J. Campbell, of Harrison county, Ohio, September, 1878, Mary, the daughter, married J. Ross Reed, and lives in Unionport. Sarah married Hugh Hervey, of Pittsburgh, and moved to Logan county, Ohio, where they reared a family of four girls and two boys ; she died May 12, 1878. Hannah died at the ago of nineteen, unmarried. Mary married Daniel McKee, of Harrison county, Ohio. Robert C., died at the ago of twenty-six, unmarried. John married Ann Parkhill, and had a family of two boys and seven girls, and now resides in eastern Virginia. David, Sr., another son of William, Sr., was barn in Washington county, Pennsylvania, May 12, 1794; ho married Elizabeth Archer, of Washington county, and came to Jefferson county, Ohio, in 1817, and located on section 15, in Wayne township, near the town of Bloomfield; he lived on this farm for fifty-four years, and then removed to Bloomfield, where he lived a retired life until his death, May 12, 1879. He was an active and zealous worker in the church, and held the office of elder in the United Presbyterian church, of Piney Fork, for forty years, and was in the same official position in the United Presbyterian church, of Bloomfield, from its organization until his death. His careful and mature judgment marked his course through life, and established him a prudent and safe council. The issue of his marriage was seven boys and four girls: Ebenezer, John, David, Robert, Joseph, James, Susannah, Esther, Nancy and Mary. Of these, Ebenezer, John, David, James, Esther and Mary, reside in Jefferson county, and have families. Ebenezer married Margaret McNary, and had a family of two girls and one boy ; the son was a soldier in the 126th 0. V. I., and was killed at the battle of the Wilderness. John resides in Wayne township, and owns the old homestead; he has a family of eight children. David and James own property adjoining the old homestead, and have large families, of whom none are married. Mary resides in Bloomfield, and has one child. Esther resides in Harrison county she married John Leech, and has a family of five girls and one boy—one daughter married Mr. H. Braden. of Missouri. Susannah married N. M. McCoy, died and left one child, There is now of these two pioneers, William and David Hervey, of the third generation—as traced in family history—a representation of more than fifty children and grandchildren, all residents of the same township, where they first settled, The following account of the reunion of the Hervey family, held at Bloomfield, November 19, 1878, was taken from the Steubenville papers: FAMILY REUNION. On the 19th inst., at Joseph Hervey's, near Bloomfield, was held the second annual reunion of that branch of the Hervey family known to be descendants from Robert Hervey, of Scotland. The occasion was one of unusual interest, combining with it all the requisites of an enjoyable season, both for old and young. At a very early hour began the arrival of friends and invited guests, and so continued until the assemblage numbered nearly one hundred persons, At ten o'clock the meeting was called to order by appointing John B. Hervey chairman, and G, W. Hervey, secretary. According to the arranged programme, Rev. David Hervey, of West Va., conducted the devotional exercises, after which the president, Mr. John B. Hervey, delivered the opening address—"A Welcome"—which was calculated to make all feel that they were for the present, at least, one nation, one kindred, one family. David Hervey, Sr., of Bloomfield, was assigned family history, and spoke, at some length, giving a pretty concise and full history of his ancestors as learned from his father; which carried us back to near the close of the sixteenth century, when Robert Hervey, the progenitor used as the basis of this family, is supposed to have-emigrated from Scotland to the North of Ireland during some of the Scotch persecutions. A number of ancient papers were produced, among these church certificates and his father's certificate of passage on the ship "East of Donnegal" from Belfast, Ireland, to Philadelphia, in the United States, dated April 17, 1770, and signed by Captain James Blair. He also related many incidents of pioneer life of the tomahawk and scalping knife, so familiar to those of the earlier settler ients of Pennsylvania and Ohio. This, the youngest of a large family, and the only living representative of the third generation can stand but a short time at the head of this family, His mind is sound, and reasoning power good, though far advanced in years and frail in body. Rev. David Hervey, of West Virginia, the oldest representative of another branch of the Hervey family, and second cousin of David, of Jefferson county, Ohio, was by invitation present, accompanied by one of his daughters, He read quite a lengthy history of the family and state, which he had prepared for publication in a work soon to be gotten up in the interest of West Virginia. His extempore speech on the war history of Virginia and his association with it while amusing, was at the same time calculated to arouse a spirit of patriotism in the breast of every loyal citizen. At this juncture of the proceedings the chairman of a committee that had been in session in another part of the -house was introduced, and announced dinner. The afternoon meeting was opened by an address from William H. Hervey, Superintendent of the City Hospital in Cincinnati, showing what would become.of the honest and industrious youth thrown upon the cold charities of the world. Joseph Hervey, of Bloomfield, was the next speaker and gave a brief rehearsal of modern history, Communications from the following persons were read by the Secretary: William Hervey, of Chicago; John Hervey of Virginia: James 0 Hervey of Lexing ton, Kentucky and W. R. Hervey, of Louisville, Kentucky. The latter being an extended history, introducing a link which had for many year been lost sight of W. R. Hervey commenced the practice of law in 1836 ; at a later date, through the solicitations of a number of leading Whigs, Mr. Clay among the number, he assumed the editorial management of the Lexington Intelligencer. He enjoyed the entire confidence of Mr. Clay, and was honored with his warmest friendship to the close of that illustrious statesman's life.. He is now in the possession of the most valuable relic of that great man—the original manuscript of a speech delivered by him, and the only speech which Mr. Clay ever wrote out in full, and which Mr. Clay presented to him a short time before his death' as a mark of his personal friendship and esteem. I n 1848 when General Taylor received the nomination for the Presidency over Hr. Clay, he withdrew from the press and accepted the tellership in the Northern Bank of Kentucky. In 1856 he was elected Clerk of the Louisville Chancery HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 565 Court ; at the breaking out of the rebellion he was appointed a member of the board of enrollment for the 5th Congressional District of Kentucky, at the close of the war he was tendered the position of cashier of the United States Depository at Louisville, which ho accepted and held for ten years, when ho was appointed Special Agent of the Treasury Department for the examination of all the Sub-Treasuries and Depositories in the United States. Rev. Jamison, of .Hopedale, was called upon and made some very appropriate remarks, touching his relationship as minister with the majority of those present. Following this was a cane presentation by the little boys to their grandfather, David Hervey, Sr. William Hervey of Cincinnati represented the boys in a neat and well-timed speech. "Build on your own foundation," a charge to the youth, by David A. Hervey. This hewed the corners off the eulogies on name. The Valedictory by Miss Nannie Leech, was well received and spoke highly of her literary culture. The Bloomfield U. P. Choir conducted by N. M. McCoy, furnished some very appropriate and well rendered selections of music. There were other exercises meritorious and worthy of mention, but time and space forbids. COMMITTEE. UNIONPORT, November 29th, 1878. SALEM TOWNSHIP. ERECTED JUNE 3, 1807. This township contains thirty. six square miles, and is identical with township 10, range 3 of the Steubenville congressional land district. It is bounded on the north by Ross township, on the east by Island creek, on the south by Wayne township, and on the west by Springfield township and Harrison county. It is drained on the north by town fork of Yellow creek, and on the south by Cedar Lick, Clay Lick, Burks and Lease's runs, tributaries to Grass creek. Water is abundant and the soil generally good, although subject to numerous deep ravines. FIRST SETTLEMENT. It cannot now be definitely ascertained who was the first settler of Salem township, but amongst the first families to settle permanently were those of James Moore's, Edward Devine, Joseph Hall, Stephen Ford, Joseph Hobson, Joseph Talbott, William Farquhar, Ezekiel Colo, William Bailey and James Bailey. These located about the year 1800. There are in the township of Salem three villages, Richmond, East Springfield and Salem ; three postoffices, Richmond, East Springfield and Annapolis, at Salem; ten churches, ten schools, and one college. The township was organized in 1808, and the first election held at Fairfield, September 5, 1873, the township was divided into two precincts, since which time elections have been held at both Fairfield and Richmond. PRESENT BOARD OF OFFICERS. Justices of the Peace—J. C. Riley and Wesley Flenniken. Constable—Joseph Chaplin. Assessor—Alexander Harmon. Treasurer—James E. Scott. Clerk—Sheridan B. Pyle. Trustees—Moses Porter, And. Clark and James Roberts. Supervisors—S. H. Ford, Joseph White, William *Rout, Peter Arbaugh, Peter Polen, D. O'Connell. Board of Education—J. F. Browning, chairman ; S. B. Pyle, clerk; H. K. Ford, James Roberts, William Strayer, J. W. Ferrell, William Hout, J. W. Scott, Henry Johnson, Robt. Baird. TOWNS. RICHMOND. In the year 1799 Joseph Talbott bought of Bazaleel Wells the northeast quarter of section 10 township 10, range 3, for which be paid $2.50 per acre. The next year (1800) he settled upon the land, and in 1815 employed a surveyor named Isaac Jenkins to lay, out a town, streets 60 feet wide, lots 60x160 feet. The work was completed September 20, 1815, and the new town named Richmond. The first house was a log dwelling 18x28 built by Benjamin Hartman, who kept hotel and followed blacksmithing. His house was located where Cahill's drug store now stands. Allen Farquhar kept the first store. In 1817 there were five families in the town, viz.: William Talbott, Benjamin Hartman, William McCarel, Anderson Judkins, and William Bahan. Anderson Judkins was the first physician. INCORPORATION. Richmond was incorporated by an act of the Legislature dated January 27, 1835. The first election was hold at Richmond April 25, 1835. Judges—John C. Titball and Samuel Hanson. Clerk—James W. Ball. At that time there were 47 voters in the town. First Mayor—Adam Stewart. First Recorder—James Riley. First Trustees—William Farmer, Thomas Burns, Henry Crew, John McGregor, E. M. Pyle. May 23d an election was held, at which Samuel Hanson was elected marshal and William Frazier, treasurer ; Robert Gray and Joseph McCarel street commissioners. PRESENT BOARD OF OFFICERS. Mayor—Sheridan B. Pyle. Recorder—W. H. Beebout. Board of Education, Independent District No. 2—Samuel Rothacker, M. D., chairman ; L. Fryer, clerk, and Joseph Jackman. DIRECTORY. Richmond College—S. S. Simpson, professor. M. E. Church—Rev. J. R. Keyes, pastor. U. P. Church—Rev. J. B. Borland, pastor. Presbyterian Church —Rev. Israel Price, pastor. School house—M. Scott, teacher. Grist and Saw Mill—Fryer Floyd & Co., proprietors. Planing Mill—G. McGrael, proprietor. Stores (general merchandise)—R. S. McNeice, James E. Scott, R. Douglas & Son, W. H. Beebout, James W. Stephenson. Drugs—S. B. Pyle, R. Cahill. Physicians and Surgeons—Samuel Rothacker, J. C. M. Floyd. Hotel and Livery—Elijah Cole, Rogers & Swan. Blacksmiths—Joseph Swan and E. B. Dorsey. Wagonmakers—M. G. Kerr and James Hamilton. Undertaker and Carpenter—H. Stewart. Carpenters—J. M. Kirkwood and Joshua Piper. Postmaster and Tinner—J. Hartup. Gunsmith—Thompson Douglas. Saddles and Harness—N. F. Walker and D. Sowash. Millinery—Mrs. M. A. MeNiece. Tailors—Finley Goodwin and A. C. Tiffany. Shoemakers—H. McNiece, L. Feldman, E. C. Gille. .T. Steitz. Coal Dealer—J. C. Riley. Stonemasons—And. Imhoff and M. L. Grim. Potters—Burns & McCarel. Richmond is at present a quiet inland town of about 500 inhabitants, pursuing the even tenor of its way, and free from the worry and bustle of the outside world. A narrow-gauge railroad is; however, in course of construction connecting the town with the P. & C. R. R. at Brown's Island, and in the event of the completion of that enterprise, it is impossible to predict the future of the town. EAST SPRINGFIELD is situated on the northwest quarter of section 35, township 10 range .3. It was laid out by John Gillis, Jr., in February, 1803, lots 60x132 feet, streets 55 feet wide. In 1809 there were but three houses in the place. Sheriff Douglas, William Leslie, David Lyons, John Hague, John McCombs, and Thomas and Patrick Hardenmadder were among the earliest inhabitants. The Hardenmadders went out in the war of 1812, and did not return to East Springfield. John Hague kept the first hotel near where Mr. Porter now lives, afterwards (in 1810) built where A. Calhoun now keeps hotel. The first store in the village was kept by Charles Leslie in 1813, and stood just opposite to Shane's Hotel. David Lyons was a blacksmith, and in 1810 made nails to shingle. the houses. Daniel Markham was also a blacksmith, and made saddle tacks about the same time. The first preaching in the vicinity was by Rev. Joseph Hall, Methodist. The first school was taught by Jack Gillis in 18H. East Springfield was never incorporated. 566 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. DIRECTORY. Two churches, M. E. and Presbyterian , one postoffice, Robert Baird ; two stores, S. J. Hooper and R. Baird ; two hotels, I. Shane and A. Calhoun ; one physician, William M. Calhoun; one school, J. Arnold ; one grist mill, William Hess ; one tannery, James Boyd ; two blacksmiths, George Parks, Jesse Lewis ; two wagonmakers, F. Orr and William Coyle ; one carpet weaver, Thomas Cassidy ; one carpenter, Leslie Porter ; one shoemaker, William Campbell ; one tinner, John Snyder. SALEM is situated on sections 32 and 33 of Salem township, Jefferson county, Ohio, while a portion of it lies in Harrison county, 0. It was laid out by Isaac Helmick in 1802, lots 60x132 feet, streets 50 feet wide. The first house on the premises was built by John Sunderland. The first sfore was kept by John Wilson. The first regular hotel was kept by William Mugg, and the first sermon was preached by Rev. John Rhinehart, Lutheran, The postoffice was established in 1815, and the first postmaster was Robert Baird. Salem is a small town of 160 inhabitants, 40 of them living in Harrison county. It contains three churches, Methodist, Lutheran and Presbyterian ; three stores, R. D. Armstrong, L. R. Price and Mrs. Grimes ; one grist mill, James McKee, one postoffice, William Vantz, postmaster ; one physician, Jr.; Washington McMillen, M. D.; one shoe shop, James A. Cloman ; one carpenter, R. M. Shultz ; one cabinetmaker, Samuel Shields ; one wagonmaker, N. B, Speers ; two blacksmiths, Robert Miser and William McKee. Salem, like Zoar of old, is but " a little city," still it can claim what no other town in the Union can. It points with pride to the fact that it is the home of THE OLDEST POSTMASTER IN THE UNITED STATES. Fifty-six years ago the people of Salem looked about for a suitable person to serve them in the capacity of postmaster and the choice fell upon William Vantz, then a fine-looking young man of twenty-one years. Mr. Vantz was born in Frederick county, Maryland, in 1802, and in 1813, his father, prompted by a desire to improve his fortunes, emigrated to Ohio and located at Salem, in Jefferson county. Here young Vantz learned the trade of hatter and was working at it when President Monroe, in 1823, appointed him postmaster. Since that time, fourteen Presidents have been inaugurated, twenty-one Postmaster Generals have wielded the official mace, and fourteen states have been admitted into the Union. Then the population of the United States was 10,000,000, now it is 45,000,000. Then Ohio was " away out west," Gen. Fremont, the path finder, had not crossed the Rocky mountains. California was a Mexican province, and the great west a veritable terra incognita. Then Prof. Morse had not awakened from the sleep of ages, the swift winged messenger, that out-strips thought—the electric telegraph. Then no all road had ventured across the apparently, insurmountable barrier, the Alleghany mountains. Now with arms of steel, and nerves of wire, the country is bound together from north to south, and the civilization of the east is reflected from the Golden gate of the west. Then there were no sewing machines, reapers, power printing presses, photographers or telephones. Now these and a thousand other wonderful inventions have conspired to revolutionize society and change the face of Nature. In one place however there was no change, and that was in the postoffice, in the little town of Salem, Ohio. William Vantz still " holds the fort." The little girl, that in 1823, timidly asked for "papa's letters " is now a silver-haired old lady and her great-grandchild now approaches Mr. Vantz and in the same tone asks: " Is there any mail for papa ?" During Mr. V.'s incumbency parties have changed, many changes of administration have taken place and many an official head has fallen into the basket in obedience to the law that to the victors belong the spoils. That he has not been " rotated " out of office is perhaps due to the punctuality, integrity and strict adherence to the requirements of the postal regulations which characterize the performance of his duties—no consideration being sufficient to induce him to vary from the regular order of business. Having his own political and religious preferences (he was a Democrat and Lutheran) he never offensively obtruded the one or made an ostentatious display of the other. In 1836, Mr. Vantz was elected justice of the peace and served in that capacity twenty-four years. His books are neatly kept, although he is obliged to write with his left hand. Mr. V, was never married, but keeps bachelor's hall, said " hall " being the oldest, quaintest and most unique postoffice in the United States and its proprietor the oldest and best preserved specimen of postmaster extant. RICHMOND COLLEGE. (Contributed by Prof. S. S. Simpson.) The causes which led to the establishment of Richmond College are somewhat obscure. It would seem, however, that a select school, taught by Rev. J. C. Tydball about 1832 or 1833, first suggested the idea, gave impulse to the movement, and led to the application for a charter soon after. By act of the General Assembly, bearing date January 22, 1835, Thomas George, Isaac Shane, William Blackiston, Henry Crew, Stephen Ford, Thomas Orr, David Sloane, Nathaniel Myers, John Cook, William Farmer, Samuel Bell, A. T. Markle and James H. Moore were created a body-politic and corporate styled the "Board of Directors of the Richmond Classical Institute," receiving under this act the rights, powers and privileges usually granted to such corporations. The object of the Institute, as briefly set forth in the charter, is to "afford instruction in the liberal arts and sciences. After the securing of the charter in 1835, no effective effort was made to establish a school in accordance with its provisions until 1843. At a meeting of the board of directors, held July 31st of that year, it was resolved that it is necessary and practicable that the board carry the institution under its control into operation. In pursuance of the resolution, committees were appointed to secure a suitable school for the use of the institute and the services of a competent teacher. The basement story of the old M. E. Church was secured by lease for two years. Oct. 1, 1843, Rev. John R. Dundass was chosen president of the institution, and D. D. McBryer, professor of languages and natural science. These gentlemen entered upon their duties the first Monday of November, 1843, and remained in charge of the institute until June, 1845, when D. D. McBryer resigned his position. Better accommodations being now needed for the use of the institute, at a meeting of the board, January 6, 1845, committees were appointed to look out for a site for a building and to secure subscriptions for the erection of a suitable house. The necessary funds were soon raised. Two lots were secured by purchase from Joseph Talbott, and one-half acre adjoining by donation from Thomas. Hammond. On this site, under the direction of the building committee, consisting of Thomas Burns, E. M. Pyle and Henry Crew, was erected a building, of brick, forty-five by thirty-two feet and two stories in height. This building was completed in the latter part of 1845, and on June 25th of that year, John Comin was elected to the professorship of languages and moral science, and William Sarver to that of mathematics and natural sciences. In March, 1846, John Comin resigned and D. D. McBryer was elected president. January 15, 1847, in order more fully to carry out the great object designed: in the charter of the and for the purpose of conferring literary degrees and giving additional permanency and reputation to its operations, three' additional professorships wore created. To these were chosen Rev. Wm. Lorimer, professor of Hebrew and evidences of christianity ; Rev. B. F. Sawhill, professor of ancient and modern history and political economy, and Dr. John Cook, professor of chemistry, geology and belles lettres. At the commencement, September 30, 1847, the degree of A. B. was conferred upon William Sarver, Sheridan Baker and William McBryer. A change of muse being desirable, as of advantage to the institute, the board, at a meeting held Nov. 15. 1847, authorized its offices to petition the legislature to change the name from Richmond Classical Institute to Richmond College. During the next meeting this was done and the desired change made. At the commencement, September 27, 1848, John C. Brisbin received the degree of A. B. In September of that year, J. R. W. Sloane was elected president of the college, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of D. D. McBryer. In March, 1849, William Sarver resigned his chair as professor of mathematics and natural sciences, and Alexander G. Farquar was chosen to fill the vacancy. In July. 1849, Rev. John C. Spencer was superseded by Rev. B. F. Sawhill. August, 1849, A. G. Farquar resigned, and his place was filled by James Orr. John S. McGregor and James E. Marsh received the degree of A. B. at the commencement of that year. During 1850 the Presbytery of Steubenville of the Presbyterian Church, having it in contemplation to establish an academy within its bounds, negotiations were entered into on the part of the board with it, having in view a union of the two HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 567 institutions. These negotiations, after some delays, resulted in the Presbytery taking the college under its control. Under this arrangement, J. R. W. Sloane having resigned presidency of the college, Rev. Cyrus C. Riggs was chosen his successor, and at the same time J. R. W. Sloane and Rev. William Eaton were elected members of the faculty. The graduating class of 1850 consisted of William H. Pyle, A. F. Torrance, Lewis Weaver, Thomas McFarran and Josiah Waggoner. In February, 1851, professors Sloane and Eaton resigned their professorships, and Rev. Joseph White was chosen a member of the faculty. In the latter part of 1851, the Presbytery of Steubenville having surrendered control of the college, it reverted to the control of the old board. Upon the resignation of Rev. C. C. Riggs, S. L. Coulter was elected his successor, who remained until January, 1853, when he was succeeded by Joseph Lindley. During the same year Rev. Archbald was elected assistant professor of languages, and John W. Lindley, professor of mathematics and natural sciences. In 1854, the college passed into the control of the Pittsburgh M. E. Conference. Under its management, M. S. Bonnafield and C. R. Stuntz were chosen faculty of the institution, who entered upon their duties, November 5, 1855, and resigned in June, 1856. Rev S. H. Nesbit was then chosen president, and Rev. S. M. Hickman professor of. languages. In May, 1857, Rev. S. R. Hickman resigned, and the vacancy was filled by John Z. Moore. During the year last named a movement was set on foot having in view the endowment of the college. This enterprise, however, after some effort and partial success was abandoned. In the beginning of 1860, J. T. Holmes was elected president of the college, who remained until the spring of 1862. The civil war then being in progress, he raised a company of volunteers and entered the service of the Union army. In the latter part of 1862, Revs. Peacock and Marquis took charge of the college, and were succeeded by Lewis Rabe in the latter part of 1863. In the spring of 1864, Rev. G. W. Baker was chosen president, who resigning soon after was succeeded by Rev. J. H. Peacock. In the latter part of 1866, L. W. Ong received the presidency, and during the same year M. B. Riley was chosen assistant professor. In 1867 the need of a boarding hall being felt, a movement was made having for its object the erection of a building for that purpose. This, however, was not accomplished at that time. M. B. Riley resigned his position in 1869, and hi 1871, A. R. Ong and S. S. Simpson were elected members of the faculty. In 1872 the old college property was conveyed by deed to L. W. Ong with the provision that it shall be used exclusively for the purposes of education, in strict accordance with the purposes designated in the charter. Steps were then taken to secure subscriptions for the erection of a new college building and boarding hall. The old college building and grounds were sold. A site was secured a short distance from the village, by donation of one acre from Lewis Ong and the purchase of about eleven acres adjoining. On a beautiful knoll in these grounds was erected, under the direction of professor L. W. Ong, a college building of brick, two stories in heighth, and near it a boarding hall three stories in height, and capable of accommodating fifty students. The corner stone of the new college building was laid, with appropriate exercises, August 8, 1872, Revs. J. R. W. Sloane, J. B. Dickey, James Marvin and W. B. Watkins, delivered addresses on that occasion. On August 28, 1873, the new college building was dedicated. Professor L. W. Ong continued in the presidency of the institution until June 5, 1877, when he was removed by death. In 1877, Rev. W. J. Brugh was elected president, who resigning in 1878 was succeeded by S. S. Simpson and A. C. Ong. On September 6, 1878, the property was purchased by a company of individuals in whose hands it now remains. The members of the present board of directors are B. L. Crew, Rev. I. Rice, Thompson Douglass, S. H. Ford, Joshua Moores, Benjamin Sheelly, William Waggoner, F. J. Frederic, Rev. J. B. Borland, Robert Martin, George McCausland, A. J. Crawford and William Ford. In addition to the names already mentioned are many other intimately connected with the early history of the institution as members of the board of directors. Prominent among the many deserving of honorable mention are the names of Rev. William Lorimer of the U. P. Church ; C. C. Beatty, D. D., of the Presbyterian Church ; S. H. Nesbit, D. D., of the M. E. Church ; also those of E. M. Pyle, M. D., Thomas Burps, Adam Stewart and John McGregor. Edwin M. Stanton, the great war secretary under Lincoln, was for a time a member of the board. Such, in brief, is the history of Richmond College, an institution which was chartered in 1835, has with very few and brief intervals been in active operation since 1843, down to the present time, (July, 1879). Although its Alumni are not many in number, yet this is by no means a measure of its influence and its usefulness. Hundreds of young men and women have received instruction within its balls, and receiving here the first impulse to a higher education have continued to graduation in other institutions, and are now eminent members of the different professions, whilst many others receiving here that measure of education which fits them for the better enjoyment and exercise of the more ordinary duties of life, now live honored and useful members of society. And with the increased facilities which the college now has at command, there is every reason to believe that its record in the years to come, as given by the future historian, will show yet greater and nobler results than the records of the past. CHURCHES. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF RICHMOND. About the year 1800, a young Methodist preacher by the name of Joseph Hall came to Ohio and married Miss Dillah Moores, daughter of James Moores, of Salem township, and settled on the northwest quarter of secfion 2, township 10, range 3, where Mr. E. Burchfield now lives. He preached occasionally at the house of his father-in-law, James Moores, afterwards at the houses of Stephen Ford and Henry Jackman alternately, until a small log church was built on the land of Henry Jackman. The first class was formed about 1808, of which the following persons were members : James Moores and wife, Elizabeth; Henry Jackman and wife, Christina ; Joseph Hall and wife, Dinah ; Stephen Ford and wife, Ruth; lout and wife, Christina. Judge James Moores was the first crass leader. During the year 1832 a church (brick 40x44) was built at Rich- mond. This building, with some alterations, stood until 1861, when it was replaced by the present structure (45x66, brick) at a cost of $5,000. Location, east side of South Sugar street. There are at present 250 members. Class Leaders—Wm. Ford, James Hartup, Franklin Frederick, Joshua Moores, John Arnold, John Burns, D. H. Sowash and Monroe Wood. Preacher in charge, Rev. J. R. Keyes. List of preachers in charge of (formerly Cross creek, now) Richmond circuit, M. E. Church : 1828—John Graham, Edward Taylor. 1830—William Knox, Edward Taylor. 1831—William Knox, David Merriman. 1832—David Merriman, S. R. Brockunier. 1833—Simon Lauck, Walter Athey. 1834—Simon Lauck, Philip Green. 1835—Walter Athey, Edward Taylor. 1836—John P. Kent, Henry Wharton. 1837—John W. Miner, Thomas Thompson. 1838—John W. Miner, P. K. McCue. 1839—Harvey Bradshaw, J. M. Bray. 1840—Harvey Bradshaw, William Knox, J. M. Bray. 1841—George McCaskey, John Murray. 1842—George McCaskey, John Murray. 1843—John Moffit, Isaac McClaskey. 1845—J. C. Taylor, C. E. Weirich. 1847—W. C. Henderson, B. F. Sawhill. 1849—J. L. Williams, John Hare, A. J. Blake. 1850—Thomas Winstanley, J. Spencer, George Crook. 1851—Thomas Winstanley, S. F. Miner. 1852 —J. H. White, M. W. Dallas. 1853—J. H. White, S. F. Miner. 1854—Alexander Scott, T. C. McClure. 1855—Lud. Petty, Andrew Scott. 1856—L. Petty, George McKee. 1857—G. A. Lowman, S H. Nesbit, S. M. Hickman. 1858—G. A. Lowman, W. H. Tibbles. 1859—R. Boyd, S. H. Nesbit. 1860.—T. J. Higgins, P. R. McCue. 1862—E. B. Griffin, A. L. Petty, John Shearer 1863—E. B. Griffin, John Stephens. 1864—G. W. Baker, John Stephens. 1865—John Grant. 1867—J. Q. A. Miller. 1869—T. H. Wilkinson. 1872—Edward Ellison. 1875—J. B. Uber. 1877—J. R. Keyes. 568 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. PRESIDING ELDERS. 1828—David Limerick. 1829—Joshua Monroe. 1832—Wesley Browning. 1836—Joshua Mon roe. 1837—S. R. Brockunier. 1840—Robert Hopkins. 1844—Hiram Gilmore. 1848—Simon Elliott. 1849—John Spencer. 1852—William Cox. 1856—C. H. Jackson, 1860—Homer J. Clark. 1864—D. L. Dempsey. 1868—W. B. Watkins. 1872—John Williams. 1875—J. S. Bracken. 1878—A. W. Butts. UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF RICHMOND. The original society from which this sprung was organized by Rev. Alex. Calderhead in 1805, at the house of Col. John Andrews, on the northeast quarter of section 6, township 10, range 3. John Collins, John Johnson and John Walker were ordained ruling elders. A tent six feet long, five feet wide and seven feet high, of clapboards, was erected in 1806, on the farm of James McLain, and moved on a sled from place to place to suit the convenience of the preacher or congregation. In April, 1811, Rev. George Buchanan became pastor, and in 1816, a hewn log meeting house 24x28, called "Union Church," was erected on the land of David Andrews, now owned by R. H. Kerr. Rev. Buchanan was succeeded in 1831, by Rev. Hugh Parks, under whose auspices a new church was built at Richmond in 1836, a brick structure 35x45, which stood until replaced by another 42x60, brick, in the year 1851, which is still used. Location, on "Shelly addition," east of town. In October, 1838, Rev. Parks was succeeded by Rev. Wm. Lorimer, who officiated until April, 1858. Under his administration the membership rose to one hundred and forty-six, the maximum number attained. Rev. J. H. Peacock was installed pastor, July, 1859, and remained eight years, and July 1, 1871, the present incumbent, Rev. J. B. Borland, was installed pastor. The present number of members is ninety-four. Ruling Elders—George McCausland, Peter Donaldson and John Kirkwood. Trustees—Benjamin Shelly, James Hamilton and J. H. Cabot. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF RICHMOND. This society was organized by Rev. Cyrus Riggs, September 3, 1852, of the following named persons, viz : John McGregor, Mary McGregor, Mary J. Chaplin. Hannah Percival, Martha Duncan, Samuel Beebout, Mary A. Beebout, Phoebe Beebout, Michael Vangilder, Catharine Vangilder, Jane Vangilder, Wm. Waggoner, Mary A. Waggoner, Mary Beebout, Elizabeth Rabe, Jane Cunningham, Mary McGowen, Benjamin S. Bailey, Dorothy Bailey, Matilda Bailey, Rebecca Bailey, Wm. Patterson, Jos. Gilkison, Ebenezer McGowen, Polly McGowen. John McGregor, Benjamin S. Bailey and Wm. Patterson were elected and installed ruling elders. Rev. Cyrus Riggs (Prof. of College) officiated as stated supply for two years, then Rev. Lafferty Grier served one-third of his time six years, when Rev, Marquis was installed in 1860, and loft in 1865. Revs. Wm. Wycoff and J. B. Dickey supplied the congregation for a short time. Rev. Israel Price officiated as stated supply for two years and was installed as pastor in October, 1869, and still ministers to the spiritual wants of the congregation. There are at present seventy-five members. Ruling Elders—Wm. Waggoner, James G. Allen, Isaac Wycoff and Calvin B. Culp. The first clerk of session was Wm. Patterson. The church building is located at the southern terminus of Sugar street, a brick structure. EAST SPRINGFIELD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. On the 27th day of March, 1847, a number of the citizens of East Springfield and vicinity favorable to Presbyterianism, met to consider the propriety of erecting a Presbyterian house of worship in said village, and appointed a committee to solicit subscription for that purpose. On the 21st of May this committee reported $825 raised, and Messrs. Stewart McClave, William Palmer, George Hammond, John Calhoun, Joseph Clemens and Caleb Waggoner were chosen trustees and directed to proceed with the erection of a church building. The house being completed was, on the 25th of Aug., 1848, dedicated by Rev. Dr. Beatty, preaching from the 93d Psalms, "Holiness becometh Thy house." Oh the 1st day of Jane, 1850, the church was formally organized by Revs. C. C. Riggs and John Knox—the following being the list of members : Alex Morrison, Catharine Morrison, Henry Pittinger, Mrs. Pittinger, Mary Ann Pittinger, Benjamin Mickey, Elizabeth Mickey, Agnes A. Mickey, Mary E. Mickey, Henry Hammond, Stewart McClave, John Culp, Margaret Culp, Jacob Allensworth, Violet Allensworth, Mary C. Riggs, Joseph Clemens, Rebecca Clemens, Rebecca Freeborn, Joseph Huston, Alexander. Porter, Amelia Porter, Pamelia Palmer, James Beatty, Lucinda Beatty, Martha J. Lindsay, Elizabeth: McCullough, Jane Reynolds. George Beresford, Hermit Beres-ford, Elizabeth Scott, Mrs. Murray, Sarah J. Mylor, Elizabeth Mylor, Elizabeth Scott, Lucinda Scott. Messrs. Henry Pittinger, Joseph Clemens and Alexander Porter were chosen ruling elders, and on the 23d of June, 1850, were regularly ordained and installed. On the 25th of the same month the church was taken under the care of the Steubenville Presbytery and the Rev. C. C. Riggs assigned to ministerial duty a part of his time, which relation continued until 1852, when Rev. John Watson acted as stated supply for six months. Rev. L. Grier's labors began January 1, 1853, and continued until December, 1860. From 1862 to 1864 the church was supplied by Rev. J. S. McGuire. In April, 1862, Rev. C. W. Wycoff took charge, and in April, 1866, he was installed pastor of the church in connection with Bacon Ridge and Richmond, and continued to preach at East Springfield until April, 1873. The church was supplied for one year, when the Rev. W. M. Eaten assumed the pastoral relation, which continued until August 27, 1878. The present ruling elders are Henry Hammond, Robert Baird and John Gault. Robert Baird is also clerk of sessions. Communicants, 100. ST. PAUL'S EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH OF SALEM. Was organized by the Rev John Rinehart in 1814. The elders were Jacob Vance and Andrew Strayer. Rev. James. Manning served from 1825 to 1839. Rev. Benjamin Pope served from 1839 to 1843. Rev. Amos Bartholomew served from 1843 to 1848. Rev. George Baughman served from 1849 to 1850. Rev. Dennis Sweeney served from 1850 to 1853. Rev. David Sparks served from 1853 to 1859. Rev. James Manning served from 1859 to 1864. Rev. Jacob Singer served from 1864 to 1869. Rev. Joseph A. Roof served from 1870 to 1877. Rev. D. M. Kemerrer served from 1877 to 1879. In 1870, a church was built in Salem—frame 22x46, a very neat and comfortable structure—the place of meeting having previously been located one mile east of the village. Present membership sixty-six. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF EAST SPRINGFIELD. The first Methodist preaching in the vicinity of East Springfield was by Rev. Joseph Hall at the houses of Harry Hammond and William Davidson, who with the Rileys, Rutledges Johnsons and Minors, formed the first class. About the year 1826, the citizens of East Springfield joined together and erected a meeting house in the south part of the village, and as the Episcopalians were at that time in the majority it was known as the " Episcopalian church." In this building the Methodists worshiped until 1846, when they erected a building for themselves. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF SALEM. This society was organized in 1838, by Rev. Patrick McCue with the following members : Eli McKinney, Margaret Miller, Martha Thompson, John Lawson, John Lacy, Elizabeth Ferrell, John Ferrell and Sarah A. Myers. Eli McKinney was the class leader. The meetings were held for a long time in the school house. The first church was built of logs in 1844, and in 1848, a frame building was put up. In 1879, the house was rebuilt, 28x40, and dedicated July 13, 1879. Present membership, fifty. Class leader, D. M. Gruber, a descendant of the famous pioneer Methodist preacher of that name. Preacher in charge, Rev. S. W. McClure. FRIENDS' SOCIETY. This society was composed of William Farquhar and wife, Elizabeth; Joseph Hobson and wife,. Ann ; Joseph Talbott and wife, Mary ; Benjamin Talbott and wife, Susannah ; Jacob Ong and wife, Mary. The first meetings wore held at the house of William Farquhar until 1815, when a log meeting house was built. In 1820, a brick structure 30x40 was erected and is still HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 569 standing on section nine, although not now used. Jacob Ong and John Watson were the first approved ministers. The society no longer exists and is only recorded as a land mark of the past. MOUNT HOPE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The records of this organization have not been well kept, but it is believed that the first class was formed about 1830. Class leader, James Cowden. The preaching was at James Rutledge's from 1833 to 1841, when a log church was built, which stood till 1860, when it was replaced by a frame. Present membership thirty. Class leader, Peter Polen. Preacher in charge, Rev. S. W. McClure. MILLS. Forty or fifty years ago when wheat was the staple product of Jefferson county, flouring mills were numerous, and Salem township possessed its proportion. Town fork of yellow creek, as well as Cedar and Clay Lick runs were employed to furnish motive power for woolen mills, saw and grist mills. These mills of the olden times have served their day and fallen into decay. The old " race " and a few weatherbeaten posts standing like mile stones pointing to the past, is all that remains to tell of the busy wheels that once made music for the miller's ears. There are now but three grist mills in the township, one at Richmond, owned by Fryer, Floyd & Co. It was erected in 1857 by Ephriam Catrel, and is run by steam. There is also one at East Springfield. JOSEPH REED'S MILL Is situated on Cedar Lick run in the southern part of the township. It was built by Charles Porter in 1836, and run by water power. Mr. Reed is an excellent miller, and with the aid of the modern improvements in his mill is able to turn out a very superior article of flour. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ELI M. PYLE, M. D., was born in Washington county, Pa., December 9, 1803. When a young man he emigrated to Ohio and studied medicine with Dr. Hamilton at Mt. Pleasant, Jefferson county, Ohio. Was examined and licensed to practice by the medical board of the sixteenth district of Ohio, May 31, 1831. Married Sarah M. Shields, daughter of William Shields of Cross creek township, August 28, 1832, and set up business at the town of Richmond, Jefferson county, Ohio. Was one of the first board of trustees of that town, also one of the trustees of Richmond College. In 1849 Dr. Pyle received a deploma from the Washington Medical University, of Baltimore, Md., and practiced medicine successfully until his death, which occurred January 15, 1873. Children of Dr. E. M. and Sarah Pyle : H., born June 8, 1833 ; Roxana E., born December 17, 1834 ; Mary, born June 3, 1837 ; Margaretta, born December 10, 1838 ; Thomas H., born April 10, 1841 ; Samuel M., born October 11, 1843 ; Sheridan B., born January 10, 1845; Anna E., born July 20, 1847; Paulina, born October 17, 1851 ; Emma M., born May 11, 1853. SHERIDAN B. PYLE, married Anna E. Cunningham, February 13, 1868. January 20, 1867, Mr. Pyle purchased the drug store of Riley & Rothacker in the town of Richmond, Ohio, where by affability, integrity and enterprise he has built up a good business. In 1873 he was elected mayor of the town, and still retains that office. REV. J. B. BORLAND.—John B. Borland was born in Allegheny county, Pa., Jan. 22, 1843. Went to school at Bethel Academy from 1858 till 1862. Entered Westminister U. P. College at New Wilmington, Lawrence county, Pennsylvania, in 1862, and graduated in June, 1864. Licensed to. preach March 31, 1867. Preached 15 months on probation in western Pennsylvania and northern New York, when he was compelled to suspend his ministerial labors for a period of 20 months—being afflicted with laryngitis. In July, 1871, he accepted a call from the towns of Richmond and Knoxville, in Jefferson county, Ohio, and was ordained and installed in his new charge September 12, 1871. He was married to Lizzie M. Stevenson, 72—B. & J. Cos. daughter of Mary Stevenson, of New Wilmington, Lawrence county, Pa., May 31, 1866, and has two children-Lizzie M., born October 16, 1868, and John D., born September 9, 1872. Rev. M. Borland still continues to minister to his congregation and enjoy the respect and esteem of all who know him. REV. J. R. KEYES was born near Carrollton, Ohio, August 16, 1844; reared on a farm and attended school at Harlem Springs, teaching occasionally until May, 1864, when he enlisted in the 157th 0. N. G. During the winter of 1864, he enlisted in Company " L," 5th 0. V. Cavalry, and served until November, 1865, when he was discharged and returned to Ohio. Was licensed to preach in August, 1868, graduated and admitted into the Pittsburgh Conference in 1869, since which time he has been engaged in the work of the ministry within the bounds of East Ohio Conference of the M. E. Church. Mr. Keyes was united in wedlock with Miss Blanche Stedman, daughter of Hon. Lyman Stedman, of W. Va., April 4, 1871. To them were born children as follows : Laura, born July 31, 1872 ; Edith, born March 20, 1875 ; Raymond, born May 20, 1878. Mr. Keyes is at present the efficient and acceptable " preacher in charge " of the Richmond circuit, REV. ISRAEL PRICE, son of Benjamin Price, of Jefferson county, Ohio, was born November 7, 1820. Commenced teaching school in 1840, Attended school at Hagerstown, Carrol county, Ohio, where he graduated. Studied theology under Richard Brown, D. D., of Hagerstown. Was licensed to preach in Steubenville in April, 1851 ; ordained and installed pastor of Feed Spring Church, Harrison county, Ohio, and officiated as pastor of that church three and one-half years. In 1854, became pastor of Annapolis and Amsterdam churches, in Jefferson county, Ohio, where he preached 18 years, and then removed to Two Ridge church, where he remained 4 years and moved to Richmond, where he still resides, devoting his time and talents to the interests of the Presbyterian church, of which he is the honored pastor. Married September 11, 1849, to Elizabeth McCormick, and is the father of 8 children, viz. : Margaret L., Benjamin M., Nannie J., Mary M., Sarah N., Euphemia, John T. and Isabel S. One son, Benjamin M., is in the ministry, preaching at Bethesda, Columbiana county, Ohio. SAMUEL ROTHACKER, M. D., was born in Fayette county, Pa., August 9, 1825. His father moved to Carroll county, Ohio, in 1835, and young Samuel attended the Carrollton Academy ; read medicine with J. S. Hunter, M. D., from 1847 till 1851 ; attended lectures at Cleveland, Ohio, and commenced the practice of medicine at Magnolia, Stark county, Ohio ; removed to Steubenville, Ohio, and practiced there five years. In 1856, he came to Richmond, Ohio, and opened an office. He married Margaretta Pyle, daughter of Dr. E. M. Pyle, June 24, 1858; has four children-William H. Frank P., John D. and Mary H. Actuated by motives of patriotism, Dr. Rothacker in March, 1862, volunteered his services as army surgeon and served in that ca.: pacity at Pittsburg Landing and elsewhere. He took sick and returned home in June, 1862. August 19, 1862, he enlisted in Company G, 52d 0. V. I; mustered into service as first lieutenant at Camp Dennison, Ohio ; promoted to captain May18, 1863 ; was at the battles of Perryville. Ky., Nashville and Stone River, Tenn.; marched through to Huntsville, Ala., and back to Chicamauga, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Kenesaw, Peach Tree Creek, Jonesboro and Atlanta. Was discharged on account of disability, March, 1865. Dr. Rothacker still continues the practice of medicine at Richmond, Ohio. J. C. M. FLOYD, M. D., son of John Floyd, of Jefferson county, Ohio, was born January 30, 1852. He was educated at New Market College and Hopedale Normal School, in Harrison county, Ohio ; studied medicine under William Willigman, M. D., of Wintersville, Ohio; attended lectures at Belvue Medical Hospital, N. Y. ; afterwards at Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; graduated at that institution, June 24, 1875, and commenced the practice of medicine at Richmond, O., where he still resides. He was married December 27, 1877, to Ratie E. Aber, daughter of Jackson Aber, of Allegheny county, Pa. With a good education, pleasing manners and a desire to excel in his profession, Dr. Floyd's success is already assured. WASHINGTON MCMILLEN, M. D., was born in . Washington county, Pa., November 1, 1836; went to school at Florence College; attended lectures at Philadelphia, Pa. ; commenced practice in 1861, in Washington county, Pa., which he continued un- 570 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. til 1867, when he removed to Salem, Jefferson county, Ohio. He married Florence E. Brown, daughter of Norval Brown, May 28, 1874. Dr. McMillen is at present the only physician in the village of Salem. J. D. CASEY, M. D., son of John T. Casey, of Mooretown, Jefferson county, Ohio, was born April 12, 1840 ; studied medicine with Drs. Lindsey and Saltsman, at Mechanicstown, Carroll county, Ohio, from 1857 to 1861 ; attended lectures at the medical department of Wooster University, located at Cleveland, 0., and graduated in the spring of 1870. In 1871, he commenced practice at Circle Green, Jefferson county, Ohio, where he still resides. He married Maggie Stevens, daughter of John Stevens, of Carroll county, Ohio; has five children-John S., Lizzie B., Marietta, James W. and Edward G. Casey. Dr. Casey has also studied law and intends applying for admission to the bar. WILLIAM M. CALHOON, M. D., is the son of Thomas Calhoon, who came to Ohio in 1810, and settled at East Springfield, where William M., the eldest of sixteen children, was born December 8, 1845. He read medicine with Dr. J. D. Casey and attended lectures at Cleveland, where he graduated February 26, 1877; commenced practice at East Springfield, Ohio, April 2, 1877. He married Sadie N. Price, daughter of Rev. Israel Price, of Richmond, Ohio, May 15, 1879. JAMES E. SCOTT was born in Cecil county, Maryland, October 31, 1814. At the age of seventeen Mr. Scott went to learn the trade of miller with Hugh P. Ryland, of Washington county, Pa., where he remained seven years. About 1840 he rented a grist mill on Island creek, in Jefferson county, Ohio, which he run ten years, then bought a mill one mile above the Steubenville and Knoxville road, and run the same till July 4, 1861, when he rebuilt it and continued the business until 1872. Sold out and came to Richmond and engaged in general merchandising, which business he still continues. Married Margaret A. Graham, February 3, 1842. Nancy E., born December 18, 1842; William C., born July 6, 1844; Catharine A., born August 9, 1845 ; Alevelda, born August 16, 1847. Mrs. Scott dying September 29, 1849, Mr. Scott married Editha W. Davis by whom he had six childen-Margaret M., born June 8, 1851 ; Sarah V., born February 23, 1855 ; Davis G., born July 8, 1859; Altai, born October 5, 1860 ; Mary E., born December 24, 1863, and Sohn T. Scott, born July 16, 1865. William C. Scott, died July 29, 1844 . Alwelda Scott, died February, 12, 1850: Nancy E. Scott, died August 5, 1860 ; Sarah V. Scott, died August 6, 1860. WILLIAM ANDREWS, son of John Andrews, a colonel in the war of 1812, was born in Washington county, Pa., in August, 1800, he came with his father to Ohio in 1803, and located on section 6, range 3, township 10. Mr. Andrews was married October 26, 1837, to Jane McCullough, daughter of John McCollough, of East Springfield, Jefferson county, Ohio, by whom he had nine children as follows : Mary, Nancy, Margaret, Katie, John, David, James, Annie E., and Thomas Andrews. Mary, married Matthew Swann, and died at Manchester, Tenn.: John enlisted in company "G," 52d, O. V. 1, and died of measles, at Bowling Green, Ky. Mr. Andrews died June 28, 1871, and his widow survives him. GILBERT H. BAKE, son of G. Bake, who came from England in 1830, and located in Westmoreland county, Pa., but removed to Ohio, March 28, 1850. Gilbert Bake, Sr., married Margaret Houseman in England, and had three children, of whom Gilbert H. was the younger, born in Pennsylvania, November 11, 1837. Married Mary E. Metcalf; and had two children, named John N. and Gilbert Bake. HENRY K. FORD—Stephen Ford was born in Maryland in 1764 ; married Ruth Stevenson, April 4, 1773, at Baltimore ; emigrated to Washington county, Pa,, and from thence to Ohio, in 1799, where he located on the southwest quarter of section 10, township 10, range 3 of the Steubenville land district. Mr. Ford crossed the Alleghany mountains on horseback ; he and his wife carrying all their earthly possessions with them. Afterwards Mrs. Ford, while on a visit to her people in the east swam the Ohio river on horseback, a feat, perhaps, unequaled in lady equestrianism. They reared in their new home thirteen children, of whom Nicholas was the second son, born March 12, 1795. He was the father of ten children, of whom Henry K. Ford was the ninth, born near Richmond, Ohio, November 28, 1842, and educated at Richmond College. Mr. Ford married Margaret Jackman, daughter of Andrew Jackman, January 14, 1868, and has three children-Harry J., John and Mary E. Ford. Mr. F. is regarded as a successful farmer and wool-grower. Lives on section 7, township 10, range 3. ANDREW JACKMAN, son of Henry Jackman, of Ireland, who married Christiana Gregg and emigrated to the United States, with one child, settled in Pennsylvania and reared a family of 7 children, of whom Andrew was the fourth, born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, November 26, 1797. Removed to Ohio and located on section 3, township 10, range 3, in 1806, where he still lives, enjoying the fruits of his toil. Married Elizabeth Gaddis, daughter of John Gaddis, of Richmond, Ohio, in August, 1836. Had seven children. Henry, born June 26, 1837; Asa, born April 10, 1842 ; Milton, born January 23, 1846 ; Haddassah, born February 15, 1851 ; Annie, born January 15, 1839; Margaret, born May 20, 1840 ; Mary A., born September 9, 1841. Milton died in infancy and Annie at 3 years of age. JOSEPH REED-Mr. Reed's father, Adam Reed, emigrated from Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, to Richland county, Ohio, in 1827, and came from there to Jefferson county, Ohio, in 1832. He had nine children, of whom Joseph was the fourth, and was born April 28, 1827. Married Mary E. Hayes, daughter of William Hayes, of Wayne township, in May, 1861. Children-Mary E. William H., Maggie L., Edgar C., Annie B., James, Adam T. and Cora J. Reed. Mr. R. owns a farm of 160 acres, and a flouring mill situated on section 1, in Salem township, Jefferson county, Ohio. HENRY NORMAN was born in Hampshire county, Virginia, in February, 1781, and came to Ohio in 1793, locating on Mingo Bottom. Mr. N. was a soldier in the war of 1812, under Col. Duvall; moved to Salem township in 1814. Married Ann Knott by whom he had nine children-James, Nathaniel, Lucinda, Rebecca A., John, Sarah, Nancy, William and Mary Norman. John was born July 28, 1811, and came to his present location in 1839. Married Catharine Lupler in 1839, by whom he had three children-Henry, Margaret and Rebecca. BENJAMIN SHELLY.-John Shelly was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and emigrated to Ohio in 1820. He had five sons and one daughter. Died September 13, 1867, aged eighty-one years. Benjamin, his eldest son, was. born October 13, 1809. Married Elizabeth Burson, daughter of Joseph Burson, of Island Creek township, December 27, 1832, and located on section 4, near Richmond, where he has since lived. Has seven daughters, all living. Catharine married John Lindley, Sarah married John McMillen, Emma married John Irvine, Martha married Robert McCrea, Jane married Thos. C. Harburt, Anna and Zelma are single. Mrs. Shelly died June 7, 1868. Mr. S. is engaged in farming and stock raising, and has on his farm some fine animals. SAMUEL CULP.—Baltzer Culp came to Ohio in 1800, and settled where the town of Somerset now stands and laid out the town. His son Adam was born in Somerset county, Pa.; in 1798 ; married Nancy Wright and had eight children. Samuel being the third son, married Harriet Wright, daughter of Joshua Wright, and had by her eight children—Adam J., Annie, Samuel E„ Alice, Jennie, Sherman T. Albert W. and Clyde Culp. Mr. C. is an enterprising farmer and has the best breeds of cattle and hogs. JOHN S. WATT.—David Watt came to Ohio, settled on section 8, township 10, range 3, and died there at the age of eighty-one. John Watt, son of David, married Jane Starr, daughter of John Starr, of Wayne township, and reared thirteen children—John S. Watt being the fifth child. He married Ruth F. Hobson, daughter of James Hobson, in March, 1845, and was blessed with six children—Sarah J., Caroline C., Joseph H„ David L , Letitia and John W. Watt. Mr. Watt has a- fine farm of 220 acres. beautifully located one mile west of Richmond, where he resides. ROBERT DOUGLAS was born in Allegheny county, Pa., in 1812, and came to Ohio with his father, Robert Douglas, in 1814. He worked at the potter trade with Ezekiel Cole and afterwards with his brother, Thompson Douglas, at the gunsmith business. Clerked for James Jones four years, ten years with Barrett and two years with Newlon, on the corner where James E. Scott now keeps store. In 1874 Mr. Douglas set up business for himself- HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 571 general merchandising, in the town of Richmond, under the name of R. Douglas & Son, and still continues the business. Mr. Douglas was married October 10, 1843, to Mary A. Read, and had by her three children, named Samuel, Mattie and Margaret J. Douglas. J. G. ALLEN, son of Aaron Allen, who came from Washington county, Pennsylvania, and located on Bacon Ridge, in Jefferson county. where James was born, November 14, 1803. Married Martha Shane, March 28, 1828, who died in September 1866, and Mr. Allen married Sarah Waggoner, December 26, 1868. Mr. Allen was ,Major of the Ohio State Militia, in 1827 and acted as such until 1834 when he left Ross township. He was elected to the legislature of Ohio in 1845, and again in 1858. Settled in Richmond in 1874 where he lives at his ease. JOHN W. SCOTT, the fifth son of Robert Scott, of Washington county, Pa., was born June 10, 1825; came to Carroll county, Ohio, in 1827, and engaged in farming; education limited to the advantages of the'common school. In 1846 Mr. Scott left Carroll county, came to Jefferson, and learned the milling trade with his brother, which he followed until 1857. He was married January 7, 1851, to Hannah Walker, daughter of William Walker, of Mooretown, Jefferson county, Ohio, and had eight children-Elvira, born December 10, 1851 ; Lucinda, born March 29, 1853; William W., born June 24,1854 ; Robert E., April 19, 1856; Eliza M., born April 26, 1858; John A., born June 11, 1860; Meltonewah, born July 11, 1867; Althea M., born August 16, 1869. Robert, S., Sr., died September 3, 1830 ; Lucinda died June 26, 1856; Elvira Scott, died January 1, 1869; John A. Scott died April 17, 1874. W. G. MINOR.-Daniel Minor came to Ohio from Loudon county, Virginia, in 1815, and located at New Lisbon ; from there he came to Jefferson county, Ohio, where he died in 1853. His son, William G., was born in Virginia January 8, 1812, and married Ann Hobson in 1840. Had twelve children, as follows : Sarah J., Pleasant A., Lizzie, John W., Letitia, Loretta, Allie, Emma, Ida, James H., Minnie and William D. Minor. Sarah J., Letitia, James H. and William D. are dead. Pleasant A., Loretta .and Allie are married. Mr. M. owns 455 acres of land in Salem township, which he farms successfully. JOSIAH ROGERS.-David Rogers, the grandfather of Josiah, came from Ireland to Ohio, where his son, John Rogers, married Elizabeth Cable, and raised a family of eight children. Josiah, the sixth, was born May 18, 1832 ; married Mary J. Rout, daughter of Peter Hout, of Jefferson county, Ohio, February 24, 1860. Has six children-William, Peter, Elizabeth, Nannie, George and John Rogers. Mr. Rogers lives in Richmond and keeps a livery stable. JOHN W. HOUT, son of George Hout, who was born in Jefferson county, Virginia, March 4, 1792, and came to Salem township, Ohio, in 1814, where John W., was born in October, 1824. Married October 13, 1853. Has four children, Temperance V. George A., Mary S., and Emma J, Hout. George Hout was a Methodist local preacher, thirty-five years of his life and died April 18, 1866. REV. J. F. HUDDLESTON, was born in Carroll, Ohio, August 11, 1841. Educated at Harlem Springs and licensed to preach in 1868. Commenced preaching on Rockland Circuit. and married Elizabeth A. McCall, daughter of Rev. H. McCall of the Pittsburgh conference, in March, 1872. Resides at East Springfield, Ohio, and is pastor of the Methodist Episcopal church of that place, preaches also at Circle Green, Mooretown and Amsterdam. S. J. HOOPER, was born March 31, 1835, in Harrison county, Ohio, and came to East Springfield, Jefferson county, in 1862. Married Susan Montgomery, January 3, 1860, and has three children, Clara A., John and Ameretta. In April, 1862, Mr. Hooper engaged in general merchandising which he situ continues. He is regarded as a very successful merchant, sells about $15,000 worth of goods and buys 50;000 pounds of wool annually. RICHARD M. REYNOLDS, was born Januray 3, 1844. Enlisted in Company B, 157th, O. N. G., disabled and draws a pension. Married Margaret A. Syle, October 10, 1867, and has five children, Eva, Rose, Jennie, Sadie and John F. Reynolds. I-72-B. & J. Cos. HENRY HAMMOND.-Harry Hammond, came from Virginia to Ohio, in 1801, and located in 1803 at East Springfield. Married Mary Bell, and reared a family of eleven children. George being the eldest of the boys, married Mary McCullough, December 39, 1830, by whom he had four children. Henry being the eldest. He was married February 13, 1855, to Margaret Morrison. His first wife dying he married Mary E. Leas, March 9, 1858. Has three children living, Edwin, Cora and Harry. Mr. Hammond is one of the ruling elders of the Presbyterian church, of East Sprinfield. He also served in the 157th, 0. N. G., during the war. ISAAC SHANE, son of Isaac Shane, Sr., of Ross township, Jefferson county, who settled at Logtown, Ohio, in 1795. Isaac was born, ---- and married Hannah Baird, April 17, 1849, by whom he had five children, living, George E., Robert, Rex, Nannie and Pera Shane. [Us wife dying in July 1870, Mr. Shane gave up farming.. November 4, 1875, he married Mrs. Alice A. Lucas, and moved to East Springfield, September 1, 1876, where he engaged in the hotel business, which he still follows. Has two children by the last wife, Harry and Ott. Mr. Shane was elected Justice of the Peace in 1866 and served three years. JAMES KIRKPATRICK,-James Kirkpatrick, Sr., came from Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in 1813, to Steubenville township, Ohio, where James, Jr., was born January 1, 1820, moved to Island Creek township, in 1830, to Salem township in 1859, and to Ross township in 1872. Married Ann Crawford and had by her seven children- Homer, John, James, Edward, Em- ma, Anna and Sadie Kirkpatrick. His first wife dying he married Mary J. Phillips, daughter of David Morrow, by whom he had two children, Mary and George. Mr. Kirkpatrick, is at present engaged in fanning, but has dealt in stock most of his life. ROBERT BAIRD, son of Robert Baird, Sr., who kept a store and was cashier of the Salem Bank, asearly as 1815, married Nancy J. Beers, and had ten children, two only of whom are now living-viz ; Thomas H., and Robert. Jr., the latter being born Apil 5, 1834. Mr. Baird commenced the mercantile business on his own account, in 1860. Married Maria S. Dotts in May 1861, and has one child, named William E. In 1864 Mr, Baird left Salem and engaged in general merchandising, in East Springfield. Was appointed postmasfer, 'in 1865 and still retains that position. ADLEY C. CALHOON.-Adley Calhoon came from Pennsylvania to Ohio, in 1810, and located at East Springfield. His son John Calhoon was born in 1802, and reared near East Springfield. Married Maud Edmundson and reared a family of eight children, Sarah, Adley C., John E., Joseph, Mary, Alexander, Thomas M. and Margaret. Adley C. was born April 13, 1842, and married Thirza .J. Morrow, December 29, 1868. Has four boys, George E., John A., Adley and William H. Calhoon. Mr. Calhoon commenced keeping hotel in East Springfield, in December 1878, is also engaged in the coal business, WESTLEY FLENNIKEN, ESQ.-Joseph Flenniken came to Ohio in 1806, and settled on the north half of section 29, township 10, range 3, where James T., eldest son of Joseph, was born in 1808, and married Mary Flenniken, by whom he had two childrenRuhannah and Westley the latter being born May 25, 1837. Mr. Flenniken married Ruth A. J. Gordon, daughter of Joseph Gordon, of Springfield township. He has seven children, named Lawson G., Elias D., Jesse P., George W., Mary E., Eaton M. and Ina M. Flenniken. Mr. F. was elected justice of the peace for Salem township in 1878, and still lives on the old homestead located by his grandfather. JAMES A. CLOMAN, son of John Cloman, of Maryland, was born November 22, 1822, and came to Ohio in 1832. He mar- ried Margaret Houston, September 11,1844, and reared four children, named as follows : Richard H., born August 2. 1849 ; Barbara E., born January 12, 1858 ; Samuel H., born September 5, 1860 ; William O., born March 7, 1863. Mr. Cloman served during 1864, as flrst lieutenant of Company B, 157th O. N. G. He resides in the town of Salem. R. D. ARMSTRONG, son of Robert Armstrong, of Bloomfield, Jefferson county, was born May 1, 1849. He was reared in his father's store, where he acquired a practical knowledge of the 572 - HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES. mercantile business. He married Nora S. Cole, daughter of Dr. D. H. Cole, of Bloomfield, Ohio, December 27, 1875, and has two children-Mary L. and Florence H. Armstrong. May 1, 1879, Mr. A. removed to Salem, Jefferson county, and opened a dry goods store. WILLIAM LEAS, son of Jacob Leas, who came to Ohio in 1814, and located on section 26, township 10, range 3, one mile east of the town of Salem, where William was born December 16, 1824. He married Elizabeth Miser, daughter of David Miser, by whom he had four children-Eliza, Minerva, Mary A. and John C. F. Mr. L. has made farming and stock raising a personal success. ISAAC H. MORRISON, born in Salem township, Jefferson county, September 24, 1838. He was one of those who were prompt to enlist in the war of the rebellion, and became a member of Company K, 2d regiment 0. V. 1. He served three years ; was in all the marches of the company from Kentucky to Atlanta, and was wounded in the battle of Stone River. In the year 1872, he was married to Miss Jennie Miser. He is now .one of the substantial farmers of Salem township. AMOS ALBAUGH-Chistian Albaugh, the father of Amos, came from Frederick county, Maryland, in 1810, and located on the same section with the Leas family east of Salem. Married Catharine and reared a family of nine children, of whom Amos was the eighth, born December 22, 1823 ; married Miss L. E. Blackburn in 1852; has two children-Amanda J. and Celia A. Christian Albaugh was a soldier in the war of 1812. L. R. PRICE, son of Stewart Price, who reared 4 sons, viz : Luther R., Leonard, Wear and Clarence. Luther R., the eldest, was born June 29, 1847 ; commenced time general merchandise business in Salem in 1861, and married Elizabeth Schultz, by whom he had one child, named John. JAMES BUTCHER was born in England, October 29,1796; came to America in 1831, and Ohio in 1832, and bought the southwest quarter of section 20. Left the farm in charge of his son Isaac ; returned to New Jersey and followed blacksmithing 7 years ; lived 20 years in Amsterdam, Ohio, but now resides with his son in Salem township, a " fine old English gentleman." WILLIAM I. MISER-Henry Miser, the father of William located on section 32, township 10, range 3, in 1802. He married Margaret Druckenmiller and reared a family of six boys, of whom but two are now living-George and William. The latter was born near Salem, April 6, 1815. He married Jane McDowell, December 26, 1837. Their union was blest with eight children--Thomas B. born February 7, 1839 ; Robert H., born November 27, 1840; B., A., born November 18, 1842; Mary M. H., born June 2. 1845, Margaret I., born August 2, 1847: William J. born October 24, 1850; Deliverance J., born May 6, 1854; John S., born April 13, 1858. Henry Miser was born in 1768, and died in 1861, being ninety-three years of age. J. W. RUTLEDGE, son of James Rutledge, who emigrated to Spingfield township, Jefferson county, Ohio, in 1807, and moved to Mt. Hope, in Salem township, in 1822. He married Dorcas Fulton in 1820, by whom he had nine children—George, Jane, Margaret, Thomas, J. Wesley, Ruth, Rhoda, Lizzie and John F. Rutledge. J. Wesley Rutledge was born July 27, 1792, and died June 4, 1866. P. S. FUTHEY, son of Robert K. Futhey, of Fayette county, Pa., who married Elizabeth Linville, and was also the father of Eliza, Nathan, Lucretia, Ann and Mary. ROSS TOWNSHIP Was named in honor of Judge James Ross, and erected in 1812. It is bounded on the north by Brush creek, on the east by Saline and Knox, on the south by Salem, and on the west by Springfield townships, and includes thirty square miles, all of the original congressional township eleven in range three, except the northern tier of sections which now form a part of Brush Creek township. TOPOGRAPHY. Ross township is drained by Yellow creek and its tributaries. The norther portion of the township is very hilly and rough ; the soil sandy and not very productive, but the southern portion, especially that part known as Bacon ridge, is more even and the quality of the soil better, being impregnated with lime. FIRST SETTLEMENT. Between the years 1800 and 1805, a nnmber of squatters. built cabins along Yellow creek, hunted, fished and sometimes boiled salt at the salt springs on section 34, but they were not owners of land, and being migratory in their habits, soon disappeared from the scene of action. Amongst them were William Castleman, Mark Duke, John Bruce, John Davis, Jacob Drake and William Roach. The first permanent settlers were Thomas George, Allen Speedy, Arthur Latimer, Stephen Coe, Lodo wick Hardenbrook, Joseph Elliott, John Farguhar, Thomas Bay, William Scott, Henry Crabs, Joseph Reed, Isaac Shane and others. Thomas Bay was a participant in the disgraceful tragedy enacted at Gnadenhntten under Colonel Williamson, but always seemed filled with remorse for the part be took in the murder of Moravian. SALT WORKS. When the Steubenville land district was surveyed sections containing any valuable minerals were retained by the government. Under this rule section 34 of township 11, range 3, upon which was situated the Salt Licks, was retained, but this did not prevent hunters and others from ntilizing these springs for the manufacture on a small scale of that very essential article, salt. At that time salt was brought from Eastern Virginia on horseback across the Allegheny mountains, and was worth in the Ohio valley $8.00 per bushel, hence the very natural desire of the settlers to cheapen the price of that indispensable commodity. As early as 1802, Henry Daniels had a small furnace erected for boiling salt. He sunk a hollow sycamore log in an upright position at the spring and from this reservoir the salt water was dipped into the kettles and boiled, producing about three bushels per day. So great was the demand that Isaac Shane, who went there in 1803, for salt, found the place thronged with anxious customers and was obliged to return without the coveted article. At this time wood was used in the furnaces, but about 1820, coal was substituted by Mordecai Moore. This facilitated business and the salt water was now pumped up into a reservoir and conducted by means of wooden pipes back to the bluff, a quarter of a mile distant, where the coal could be conveniently procured. The brine afforded by the spring being very weak, one Jack Peterson, formerly a constable nnder the territorial government, conceived the idea of boring a well. This was accomplished with a good deal of difficulty, as it had to be done by hand with the assistance of a spring pole, but was done, and at a depth of 300 feet a vein of salt was struck, an abundant flow of brine "strong enough to carry an egg " was obtained. His success gave an impetus to the business and numerous wells were put down at various places, some getting salt, and some getting water. About the year 1815, Mordecai Moore came to the locality and seeing the slowness with which salt water evaporated from kettles, he substituted sballow pans. This was a successful venture, and Mr. Moore following it up accumulated considerable wealth, but the works were abandoned as unprofitable. In 1826, Stewart McClave bought a part of section 34, and his grandson now lives on the property. Just in front of his house on the bank of Yellow creek, may be. found a mound several rods in diameter and about five feet high. On examination it will be found to be composed of cinder, and marks the location of the old " United States Salt Works." About the year 1865;a Mr. Moss, from New York city, was prospecting for oil along Yellow creek, and sunk a four-inch well on section 16 near William McLain's to a depth of 500 feet, but instead of oil, struck salt, and building suitable works, went into the manufacture of that article. Sold three or four hundred barrels, but being unable to compete with larger manufactories, abandoned his works in 1866. Several smaller ventures have at different times been made on Yellow creek, but no record of their operations has been kept. PETROLEUM. There is a tradition that the Indians, and later the whites, gath- ered "Seneca oil" by spreading blankets on a pond at the mouth HISTORY OF BELMONT AND JEFFERSON COUNTIES - 573 of Brimstone run; on Yellow creek. Be this as it may, it has never been doubted by the settlers on the creek that the precious oleaginons fluid existed in paying quantities, and only awaited development. Conseqnently, after the astounding revelations of Pennsylvania oildom had set the whole country on the qui wive, a company of enterprising gentlemen associated themselves together under the title of the "Springfield and Yellow Creek Oil Company," for the purpose of testing the territory. In 1866, they put down a. four-inch well at the mouth of Brimstone run, and at a depth of 500 feet "struck oil," which flowed rapidly for a few hours, running into the creek and waisting several barrels of oleaginous wealth. A pump was then put in and about 200 barrels of oil saved when the supply become exhausted. Failing to secure any other favors from the fickle goddess of fortune, they turned their attention to the manufacture of salt, which was continued until 1871, when the business was abandoned. In 1870, a Pennsylvania company sunk a well to the depth of 1,000 feet; got plenty of salt water, but no oil. No wells have been sunk since. EARLY IMPROVEMENTS. Stephen Coe built the first grist mill in the township in 1808. It was a water mill and was situated near where the present steam mill now stands, at Mooretown. The first school house was built about 1814, and was situated about one-half mile southeast of Stephen Coe's mill. The first teacher was James Ewing, who taught a three months' term. The first store was kept by Robert George, at Mooretown, in 1828. The first meeting house of any considerable size was built by the Presbyterians in 1820. It was a brick building 30x50 and stood at the centre of section 25, township 11, range 3. ELECTIONS. The township elections were held at the house of Henry Crales until 1850, when they were moved to school house No. 3. The first justice of the peace was William Scat, who resided on section 32. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS Are as follows : Justices of the Peace—Samuel McClain, Joseph Shane, W. K. Smyth. Constable—William Twaddle. Clerk—J. E. Lowry. Treasurer—B. F. Shane. Assessor—V. B. Mylar. Trustees—William Montgomery, Martin Saltsman, J. A. Elliott. Board of Education—William Montgomery, John Dunlap, R. M. Crales, B. F. Smith, John Lowry, Oliver Custar, John Casey, J. E. Henderson. Supervisors—Alex. Miller, J. E. Toot, Joseph A. Elliott, John Casey, Robert Patterson, William Dunlap, Peter Hewitt, William Carson, George Harbourt, Charles Sutton. Ross township contains eight schools and six churches. BACON RIDGE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The original society from whence this sprung was called Richmond church and the meeting house stood about the centre of section 25, township 11, range 3. .Rev. George Scott organized the society in 1804. Arthur Latimer, John P. McMillen, Stephen Coe, Thomas Bay, Calvin Moorehead, Aaron Allan and Andrew Dixon were members at the time. The first pastor was William McMillen, D. D., who served two years. The first meeting house was a primitive structure of rude architecture and small size, but as the congregation grew in numbers it was found necessary to build a larger house. This was done in 1820. A brick building 30x50 was erected and stood until the congregation was divided—the territory being too large and the membership too much scattered. Other churches being organized contiguous the brick building was torn down and a new one put up on the northwest quarter of section 13, township 11, range 3—a frame structure 33x44 feet. The records of the church being lost previous to 1840, the exact succession of pastors cannot now be ascertained, but it is remembered that Thomas Hunt officiated seven years. James Robinson, a classmate of Dr. Chalmers, was the next, who remained about seven years. J. R. Dundas was pastor from 1840 till 1844, then came Cyrus Riggs, who was pastor at the time the " old brick " church was abandoned. Mr. Riggs was succeeded by Lafferty Greer, who officiated seven years and was in turn succeeded by Rev. John S, Marquis, who resigned on account of ill health in 1865. William Wycoff was installed in June, 1866, and officiated until October 19, 1873. He in turn was succeeded by Rev. W. M. Eaton, whose connection with the congregation was dissolved in October, 1868, since which time the church has been without a regularly installed minister, bnt has depended upon supplies furnished by the presbytery, Rev. I. Price acting as stated supply at the present time (June, 1879). YELLOW CREEK UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The first preacher of the Associate Presbyterian denomination who preached in the vicinity was Rev. E. N. Scroggs in the year 1814. Rev. John Walker and Dr. Ramsey also preached at times. The congregation was organized under an act of the Legislature in 1820, Rev, E. N. Scroggs officiating. Amongst the first members were Henry Crabs, and wife Anna ; Hamilton Walker and wife, Mary ; William Kelly and wife, Christiana : Matthew Barr and wife, Margaret ; Samuel Dorrance and wife, Mary; John Jordan and wife, Mary Ann ; Thomas George and wife, Jane ; John Kean and wife, Mary, and Sarah Story. Thomas George and Henry Crabs were elected ruling elders. The first preaching was done in the house of Thomas George ; next in a tent, and 1828 a brick building was put up 30x40 ; afterwards enlarged to 30x60. In 1858 a frame building 40x60 was erected, which is still occupied by the congregation. The succession of ministers is as follows : Rev. E. N. Scroggs and Dr. Ramsey ; Rev, John Donaldson twelve years ; Rev. James Patterson, eighteen years ; Rev John Easton, one year ; Rev. T. Simpson, from December 25, 1856, to September 12, 1861 ; Rev. James Golden, from April 4, 1863, to April 1, 1869 , Rev. H. Y. Leeper, from January, 1870, to the present (1879). The congregation at the present time numbers one hundred and thirty members. Ruling elders—John Erskine, Alexander George, James Kelly, Laughlin McBane and Hamilton Walker. PINE GROVE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. About the year 1838, Rev. Samuel Whorton preached in an old log school house where the church now stands, and in the course of the next year Rev. Thomas Thompson formed a class consisting of fourteen persons. Amongst them Andrew Saltsman and wife, Catharine ; Solomon Hartman and wife ; Jane Saltsman, Mrs. Rebecca Schwinehart and her daughter, Julia Ann ; Matthew H. Roach and his wife, Elizabeth ; Robert Mills and his wife, Elizabeth. In 1841, under the auspices of Revs. John Murry and George McCluskey, a church was built, a brick structure 30x40, which is still standing and in use. The first class leader was Samuel N. Heron: Present leaders-John Anderson, Joseph Jackman and Alexander Lowry. The present incumbent of the circuit is Rev. D. A. Pierce. MOUNT ZION M. E, CHURCH. The first class was formed about 1834. James Taylor and wife, Hettie, Henry Gregg and Susannah, his wife, Benjamin Elliott and Nancy, his with, and Jane Jackman were members of the same. This class was formed under the ministrations of Rev. Edward Taylor. Thomas Taylor was class leader. In the year 1837, a church was built, a frame structure, which. was burnt in 1857, and rebuilt the same year 32x44. This church forms a part of Richmond circuit, and is supplied by the incumbent of that circuit. John Gregg, Robert Henderson and Alexander Miller are class leaders at present, and J. R. Kees is the present pastor. Membership, about eighty. BETHEL LUTHERAN CHURCH. This church was organized about 1830 and a brick building erected. In 1872 it was removed and a frame 26x28 substituted, and dedicated by Drs. Sparks and Passavant the same year. The membership is now small, perhaps not exceeding twenty. They are supplied by the Rev. J. E. Kennard. MOORETOWN M. E. CHURCH. That class was organized in 1847 by Rev. J. Williams, and was composed of Thomas Smith and wife, Eleanor, Wilson Anderson and wife, Rebecca, Dr. McDowell and wife, Mary, James Knox and wife, Ann, Mordecai Moore and wife, Elizabeth. The 574 - HISTORY OF BELMONT A NI) JEFFERSON COUNTIES. first class leader was Mordecai Moore. A frame meeting house 30x41 was erected in 1851, now occupied by the congregation. In 1875 the membership numbered about 90-at the present time about 60. Class leaders-W. K. Smyth and Cyrus Gregg. Preacher in charge, Rev. John Huddleson. MILLS. The only grist mill in the township is that of Mordecai Moore, at Mooretown, on Yellow creek. It is a frame building 30x40, with two run of buhrs ; run by steam and was built in 1863. STORES. Lewis Moore, son of Mordecai Moore, keeps a general variety store at Mooretown, which is the only establishment of the kind in the township. ANCIENT FORTIFICATIONS. In a bend of Yellow creek, on the northeast quarter of section 33, range 3, township 11, in Ross township, Jefferson county, Ohio, is the remains of an ancient fortification. It is in the circular form with a radius of about eighty yards, and situated on a bluff. On the northwest side time bluffis almost perpendicular, and about two hundred feet high. On the southwest side the fortification is about one hundred feet in hpigth, and then slopes off gradually to the creek. The ditch when first seen by the whites, was about four feet deep, and had large trees growing in it. Evidently the northwestern portion of the circular enclosure has been washed away by the encroachments of the creek. It is believed to be the work of the "mound builders." SOLDIERS MONUMENT. This monument was erected by Robert George in 1871, for the purpose of perpetuating the memory of the soldiers of Ross township, who fell in the service of their country. It is situated on Mr. George's farm on the bluff overlooking Yellow creek. It rests upon a raised platform seven feet square, doric column including capital twenty-one feet high. The material used is gray sandstone of excellent quality taken from the adjacent hills. The western face of the base bears this inscription : " To the memory of the fallen soldiers of Ross township, Jefferson county, Ohio, in the war of 1861 to 1865," The western face of the die has these names and dates inscribed on it : " Thomas, son of Robert and Martha George, 2d regiment, O. V. I., killed at Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862 ; Thomas Duke, 32d regiment, died August 27, 1864 ; John Duke, 1st Tennessee battery, died August 27, 1864; James Dorrance, 2d regiment, O. V. 1., died March 31, 1862; Robert McClave, 52d regiment, 0. V. I., died January 14, 1863; Baston Geren, 2d regiment, O. V. I., killed May 8, 1864; Elbridge Green, 8th Iowa calvary, died —, 1862. On the northern face is found : David Potts, 32d regiment, O. V. I, killed 1864; James Russell, 2d Reg, O. V. I., died April 14, 1862 ; John Porter, 2d regiment O. V. I., killed April, 1864; David Call, 2d regiment, O. V. 1., died 1863 ; Isaiah Call, 2d regiment O. V. I., died 1863 ; J. Kirkpatrick, 32d regiment, O. V. I., died 1864; Alfred Walters, 2d regiment, O. V. I., died 1864; Samuel F. McLain, 2d regiment, O. V. I. died 1863. Eastern face : Thomas B. Stara, 32d regiment, O. V. 1., died November 2, 1865; Edward Graley, 32d regiment, O. V. I., died August 4, 1864 ; G. W. Graley, 122d regiment, O. V. I., died October 20, 1863 ; John Stewart, 2d regiment, O. V. I., died in prison, 1864; Aaron Scamp, 32d regiment O. V. I., died 1864; David Kriner, 2d regiment, O. V. I., died 1862; Jacob Kriner, 2d regiment, O. V. I., died 1862; Enos Striker, 2d regiment, O. V. I., died 1864. Southern face : H. K. Crabs, 52d regiment, O. V. I., died November 3d, 1863; Adam Sauer, 178th regiment, O. V. I., died January 14, 1865; Stanley Shane, 2d regiment O. V. 1., died November 23, 1863; Newton Wycoff, 52d regiment, 0. V. 1. died June, 1864 ; William Rex, 2d regiment, 0. V. I., died a prisoner, August, 1864; Benjamin Rex, 52d regiment, O. V. I., died October, 1863; Ross Coyle, 122d regiment, 0. V. 1., killed December 4, 1863; Edward Goodlin, 52d regiment, 0. V. I., died 1863. On the western face of the shaft is carved in high relief an appropriate military device, the whole presenting a pleasing appearance, May this monument, conceived in patriotism, designed with taste and executed with skill, keep forever green the memory of fallen heroes whose names it records. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ISAAC SHANE was the son of James Shane, who emigrated from New Jersey to Washington county, Pa., in 1774, and settled about four miles west of the present site of Monongahela City, where Isaac was born December 26, 1782. In 1798, his father crossed the Ohio river at Cable's ferry, about three miles above Steubenville, and located on the headwaters of Wills creek. Here Isaac lived till October 17, 1805, when he married Hannah Rex, daughter of George Rex, of Greene county, Pa., and in 1810, moved to what is now known as the " Red Mill " property. Again in 1812, he removed to the northeast quarter of section 19, range 3, township 11, where be has remained ever since, clearing out a large farm and rearing a large family. The children were born as follows: Martha, born July 5, 1807; Eliza, born February 27, 1809 ; Mary, born October 31, 1810 ; George R., born July 22, 1813; Susannah, born December 1, 1815 ; James H., born November 18, 1817 ; Isaac, born October 22, 1819 ; John, born May 26, 1822; Margaret, born September 29, 1825 ; Henry, born February 7, 1827. Margaret died in infancy and all the rest are married. Mr. Shane was a man of industrious habits and accumulated considerable property, he and his sons owning at one time about 1,000 acres of land in Ross township. He was elected justice of the peace in 1817, and served in that capacity till 1827; also served a term in the legislature in 1843. In politics be is a Republican and in religion a Presbyterian. Mr. Shane is at the present time in the 97th year of his ago, and still in possession of his faculties, with a retentive memory-dictating to the writer the history of the Bacon Ridge Presbyterian church-and bids fair to live to celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of his birth. JAMES H. SHANE, eldest. son of John Shane, was born in Ross township, November 18, 1817, and has lived all his life on the same property. September 7, 1843, be married Eliza B. Mills. To them were born three children-Cyrie S., born January 15, 1845; Nancy E., born February 1, 1847, died 1849, and William W., born June 22, 1849, and died October 10, 1849. His wife dying November 17, 1849, be was married to Lucinda Scott, October 28, 1852, who died September 24, 1853. He was again married to Charlotte Rhinehart, April 25, 1854. To them were born two children-John R., born November 10, 1856, and Eliza M., born March 13, 1859. Cyril S. Shane enlisted in Company G, 52d O. V. I., September, 1862, and died at Nashville, Tenn., December 23, 1863. Mr. Shane is a successful farmer devoting his time and attention to stock raising. He clips annually about 1,000 pounds of wool. THOMAS H. GEORGE was the fourth son of Thomas and Jane George, and was born in Ross township, Jefferson county, Ohio, November 6, 1818. Received his education in the old log school house and was trained to industry and economy on the. farm of his father. Taking the Golden Rule for his guide in life, he early became the friend of the slave, and cast his first ballot for the liberty party, afterwards the free soil party. His choice for the presidency was never elected until the time of Abraham Lincoln. He was married April 22, 1841, to Mary Robins, daughter of John Robins, of Carroll county, Ohio, who was born February 26,1822: From this union there Were born three sons and four daughters—John P., born July 5, 1842 ; Jane, born March 4, 1844 ; Sarah, born October 31, 1846 ; Thomas M., born October 4, 1849, Crissie K., born October 15, 1852; Edwin, born Oct. 22, 1864 ; Lizzie, born July 26, 1861. MORDECAI MOORE, SR., emigrated to Ohio in 1806, and located at New Lisbon, Columbiana county. At the outbreak of the war of 1812, Mr. Moore enlisted in a company of " Light horse " under Captain William Harbaugh and served through the war. In 1815, he came to Ross township, Jefferson county, and although without capital he was possessed with an unlimited supply of pluck and enterprise. He found the manufacture of salt on Yellow creek conducted in a very crude and unsatisfactory manner and immediately set himself to work to improve the same. He at first located on section thirty-four, as there was found the salt water flowing spontaneously, but afterwards moved down the creek to the place afterwards known as " Moore's Salt Works," where he spent his time and means in boring for salt. So much reduced in circumstances did he become that it is related of him that he at one time pawned his coat for a bag of corn. But with a courage that defied defeat he persisted and success crowned his efforts. By substituting coal for wood and pans for kettles, Mr. Moore's busi-