PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM - 451 dist Church, and are faithful in attendance there, while all beneficent objects are aided by them willingly and generously. He attends strictly to his business, and takes very little interest in politics, though he votes the Republican ticket in general elections. He cast his first ballot for Blaine as President. He is a most prosperous and excellent business man, and well deserves the success which has crowned his efforts. OSCAR W. MARSHALL, senior editor of the Xenia Republican, has been connected, with scarcely an intermission, in an editorial capacity with the newspaper press of Greene County for nearly twenty-four years. He is a native of this county, and was born at Xenia, September 27, 1839, his parents being Thornton and Mary (Walker) Marshall. The father was by profession a physician, but for many years was an honored official of the county of Greene and city of Xenia, having served as Clerk of Court, Probate Judge, Mayor of Xenia and Justice of the Peace. Our subject received his primary education at the Xenia schools, finishing in the Ohio University at Athens, where he was graduated in 1857. On completing his studies he returned to Xenia, and engaged in the drug business until the firing of Ft. Sumter in April, 1861. Two days after the news of that event had arrived at Xenia he enlisted in Company D, Twelfth Regiment Ohio Infantry, having responded to a call for ninety-day soldiers. At the expiration of his term of service he returned to Xenia, but the conflict continuing, he again enlisted, in 1863, in the One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Ohio Infantry. Being a druggist he served most of the time on detached duty as Assistant Hospital Steward and Medical Clerk. He was with his regiment in West Virginia, and at the battle of New Creek, in which his company participated. In 1864, his term of enlistment having expired, Mr. Marshall again took up his abode in Xenia, where for nearly two years he served as Deputy Clerk of the Common Pleas and Probate Courts. In 1866 he first became identified with the press of Greene County, by buying a part interest in the office and plant of the Xenia Torchlight. In the fall of 1878 he severed his connection with that paper, selling his interest in it and engaging in other pursuits. In 1880 he again entered the newspaper field, forming a partnership with Warren Anderson in the publication of the Xenia Sunlight; three months later our subject became sole pro-prietor by the purchase of Mr. Anderson's interest. In 1881 John A. Benendje entered into partnership with Mr. Marshall in the newspaper and job-printing business under the firm name of Marshall & Benendje, when the name of the paper was changed to the Xenia Republican. It is a nine column folio, is Republican in politics, and has a large circulation. The Republican office is well equipped with everything required for a first-class newspaper and job-printing establishment, including two cylinder presses, several bed and platen presses, gas engine, stereotyping outfit, etc. Mr. Marshall was married April 23, 1884, to Miss Sarah A. Adams, a native of Jamestown, Greene County, and both are members of the First Methodist ,Episcopal Church at Xenia. Mr. Marshall, socially, is a member of Xenia Lodge, No. 45, F. & A. M. A portrait of Mr. Marshall is presented on another page of this volume. CHARLES M. CLARK, a native-born citizen of Ohio, is distinguished as being one of the oldest settlers of this county now living in Springfield, and he is honored for the active part he has taken in developing its resources and in furthering its material prosperity. He has retired from the active duties of life, and is living in an attractive home at No. 359 East High Street. By energetic and shrewd business methods and by honorable dealings he has acquired a valuable property, and is numbered among the substantial and wealthy citizens of this section of the State. He has been for a long time closely identified with the agricul- 452 - PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM. tural interests of Clark County, engaged in tilling the soil. He improved a valuable farm, carried on a large cattle business, and for many years was the most extensive wool buyer in this part of the country. He was born in Coshocton County, August 12, 1808. His father, James Clark, was a native of Virginia, and when a young man learned the cooper's trade, which he carried on during his residence in his native State. About 1803, he decided to emigrate to the West, and accompanied by his family started with a team, and made an overland journey to this State, and became one of the early settlers of Ohio, locating in Coshocton County, where he lived until about 1811. In that year he again started westward with a team, and came as far as Clark County. His means were limited, and as he had not the wherewithal to buy land he rented a tract in Springfield Township, on which he resided a few years, and then made another move, selecting Champaign County as a suitable location. He had worked hard and saved some money, which he then invested in a tract of land near Mechanicsburg. There he engaged in agriculture, and quietly passed the remaining years of his life. The maiden name of his wife was Martha Davis.. She was also a native of Virginia, and, like him, passed her declining years on the home farm in Mechanicsburg. The son of whom we write was a child of three years when his parents came to the wilds of Clark County ; yet he remembers well some of the incidents of the journey through the dense primeval forests and over the wild prairies that intervened between the old home and the new. This county was at that time very thinly settled, and deer, bears, wolves, and other kinds of wild animals were plentiful. Springfield was but a hamlet, giving no indications of its present size and importance, and as there were no railways or canals, all transportation was done by team, and all travel was either by foot, horseback or stage. Our subject remained an inmate of the parental household until after attaining manhood. His father then gave him a horse, saddle and bridle, and thus equipped he started out in life for himself. He soon began dealing in cattle, buying them in the surrounding country and driving them to Eastern Pennsylvania, a distance of upwards of five hundred miles, and usually about six months time would be required in getting a drove together, driving them to market and disposing of them. On one of his trips he bought a buggy, which was the first vehicle of the kind ever introduced into this section of Ohio and he recalls with pride that he had the honor of taking the Hon. Thaddeus Stevens to ride in it. He made his home with an older brother until his marriage, and then purchased a farm in Moorefield Township, where he carried on agricultural pursuits, and also continued the cattle trade, and was for many years an extensive wool buyer, continuing in that business until 1889. He resided on his farm until 1875, when he came to this city and purchased his present substantial residence on East High Street, where he lives in retirement, having accumulated an ample fortune. Mr. Clark's home is made pleasant and his life is cheered by the presence of his amiable wife, to whom he was united in marriage in early manhood. Her Maiden name was Chloe Foley, and she was like himself, a native of Ohio, born in Moorefield Township, this county, and is also of pioneer antecedents. Her father, Absalom Foley, was, like the father of our subject, a Virginian by birth. his father John Foley was a Planter and so far as known, spent his entire life in the Old Dominion. His father was reared in his native State, and when a young man came to Ohio in pioneer times. He worked for his brother-in-law in this county, and finally bought with his earnings a tract of timber land, on which he began farming on his own account. He built a brick house, which was the fist ever erected in that section of the county, and was considered a fine residence in those days. He later purchased another farm near by, and passed the latter part of his life there. The maiden name of the wife of Absalom Foley was Susan Bishop, and she was a daughter of James C. and Chloe (Lake) Bishop. Mr. and Mrs. Clark have eight children living, namely : Martha J. (Mrs. Jones), Charles E., James M., Absalom F., Robert R., Fannie F. (Mrs. Worley), Sally (Mrs. Lyon), and Alice Belle, single, living at hone. Though not among the earhest settlers of this county, Mr. Clark was one of its pioneers, having PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM - 453 settled in Clark County with his parents in 1811, and, as we have seen, ably assisted in establishing it on a firm basis of enduring prosperity, and while thus doing has accumulated. wealth for himself. His record through a long and busy life has been such as to command the respect of his fellow-men, and all appreciate his personal worth and the fine qualities of heart and mind that make him a good citizen and true in all the relations of life. Both he and his estimable wife are members in high standing of the First Presbyterian Church. Politically, he was an old line Whig and on the formation of the Republican party became a strong adherent of its principles and has remained steadfast to the Republican party ever since. JOSEPH CROMWELL. It is universally conceded that Southern Ohio is settled up a by a class of people more than ordinarily intelligent and enterprising. This applies to Greene County especially, and likewise to Xenia Township. Among the leading men of the latter may be mentioned Joseph Cromwell, who has just passed his seventy-sixth birthday, and who has made for himself an admirable record as a man and a citizen. For nearly forty years he has been accompanied on his life journey by a most estimable lady, who still remains the partner of his joys and and sorrows. Mrs. Cromwell shares with her husband the esteem and confidence of the people among whom they have spent so many years, and who have learned to value them for their sterling worth of character, their kindness as friends and neighbors and their hospitality to all who come within their door. The subject of this notice wls born in Washington County, Md., in March, 1814, and is the son of Richard Cromwell, who died there in the prime of life. The mother, Mrs. Susan (McLaughlin) Cromwell, likewise a native of Washington County, Md., came after the death of her husband to this county in the fall of 1832, accompanied by her family and settled on a tract of land in Xenia Township south of the present flourishing city. She reared her children and died at the residence of her son-in-law, James Hawkins, about 1872. To herself and husband there was born a family of eight children, of whom Joseph, our subject, was the fifth, and four of whom are living. Mr. Cromwell lived with his mother in Xenia Township until approaching manhood and then went to Montgomery County and commenced learning the miller's trade. Two years later he started for the West and for five years thereafter followed his trade in Alton, Ill. We next find him in Pekin, that State, where he sojourned about four years. He then went into Peoria County, where he operated a mill about one year. At the expiration of this time he returned to this county and has since followed his trade within its limits, doing business in Bellbrook and Oldtown and is at present part proprietor of the Oldtown Mills. He has been prospered, financially, and owns a fine residence northwest of the city limits of Xenia. Mr. Cromwell was married, in Xenia Township, January 8, 1861, to Miss Bathsheba, daughter of John and Wilmoth (Foreman) Allen, who were natives, respectively, of Virginia and North Carolina. They came to this county during its pioneer days, where the father for a number of years followed farming and then retired from active labor and took up his residence in Xenia,where he and his estimable wife spent the remainder of their days. Their family consisted of seven children, of whom four are living. Mrs. Cromwell was the third child of her parents and was born in Xenia Township, March 20, 1830. Her childhood and youth were spent in a comparatively uneventful manner during which period she learned all the arts of housewifery and acquired those habits of industry and economy which fully fitted her to be the partner of a good man's home. She remained with her parents until her marriage, and of her union with our subject there have been born five children, viz: Oliver; John, who died when thirty-two years of age; Charles R., Harry and Emma B. Mr. Cromwell cast his first Presidential vote for Van Buren, and since that time has affiliated with the Democratic party. His estimable wife is a member in good standing of the Methodist Church. 454 - PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM. They have a very pleasant and attractive home which is the frequent resort of the friends which they have gathered around them during their long residence in Xenia Township, and by whom they will be kindly remembered long after they have departed hence.   WILLIAM BROWN, a prominent and substantial farmer of Pleasant Township, Clark County, is numbered among its most successful men, and one who has contributed largely to the best interests of his community. A native of Summerford, Madison County, Ohio, he was born November 13, 1829, to James and Mary Ann (Burnside) Brown, the former of whom was a native of New York State, and born June 21, 1795, on what was known as the German Flats, southeast of the city of Albany. The father of our subject received but a common-school education, and remained a resident of his native place until a youth of nineteen years. He then emigrated to Upper Canada, accompanying his father's family thither. His father was a member of the New York General Assembly, and remained until the Assembly adjourned, while the son went to Canada to look after the family. Grandfather Brown, however, was not permitted to join them, as he sickened and died. A message was sent to Canada but the mother could not beheve the story, and sent her son James, in haste on horseback to Albany where he learned the melancholy truth, but did not arrive in time to see his father buried. The family lived in Canada only about three months, then returned to New York State, this being during the year 1812. James Brown at this time being of suitable years and stature to enter the army, was for a time held by the British with the intention of pressing him into their service. After examination, however, he was relesed and rejoined his family. The mother had already removed to Ohio, and James 'followed shortly afterward. They settled two and one-half miles southwest of Mechanicsburg, and James remained with his mother until his marriage, which took place November 13, 1823. He then with his young wife removed to Summerford, Madison County, where he purchased a farm of two hundred and eight acres, all of which he improved, building up a good homestead, where he resided until his death. This event took place March 13, 1870. James Brown possessed more than ordinary industry and perseverance, and as the result of correct habits was blest with remarkably good health and a frame of more than ordinary vigor and endurance. He was a valued member of his community, prominent in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a sincere and earnest Christian. During his early manhood he was a strong supporter of the old Whig party. Upon its abandonment he wheeled into the Republican ranks, and maintained his allegiance to this party until the close of his life. To him and his good wife there were born the following children, the eldest of whom, a daughter, Caroline, is the wife of William Sanford. The others were named respectively: William, David, Hiram, Eliza, the wife of Harmon Ditz; Delilah, Mrs. William Wilkinson; Rachel, Mary M., (the wife of Jacob C. Vanness); and Melissa, the wife of Charles N. Lafferty. The death of James Brown occurred very suddenly as he was sitting in a chair, apparently in his usual good health. His career was that of a self-made man, he having started in life at the foot of the ladder, without other resources than those given him by a kindly Providence. Solely through .his own efforts he worked himself up to a good position, socially and financially. He was the son of William and Elizabeth (Brooker) Brown, who were both natives of New York State, where they were reared and married. Their family consisted of the following named children: Jonathan, James, Oliver, Cornelius, Amy, Dyer, Sarah and Elizabeth. They all accompanied their mother to Ohio, and with the exception of Dyer, all are deceased. He is over ninety years old, and lives in California. The Brown family is of Scotch extraction, and have been noted for the possession of the substantial qualities peculiar to their nationality. The mother of our subject was born December 14, 1803, in Bedford County, Va., and was a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Frankinberger) PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM - 455 Burnside, who were likewise natives of the Old Dominion. The maternal grandparents of our subject were natives of Virginia, and moved to the young State of Ohio about 1807, settling first in Caesar's Creek Township, Greene County. Two years later they removed to the vicinity of Mechanicsburg, where Mr. Burnside died in October, 1823. His widow subsequently made her home with her eldest son and died at the age of eighty-six years. Grandfather Burnside was a blacksmith by trade, at which he worked in the army during the War of 1812. His children were named respectively: William, Joel, Mary, Malinda, Lucinda. Hester, Elizabeth and Michael. With the exception of Hester, all are married. William, our subject, spent his early years after the manner of most farmer's sons, and received a practical education in the common school. He was a youth of more than ordinary intelligence, and developed into a teacher, which profession he followed several terms. Upon reaching his majority, Mr. Brown started out in life for himself, choosing farming for his life vocation. In 1855 he purchased eighty acres of land upon which he has since maintained his residence. His industry and good judgment brought him the reward of prosperity, and as his capital accumulated, he invested it in land, and is now the owner of four hundred and forty broad acres, and of quality as choice as any to be found in the Buckeye State. The year following the purchase of his land Mr. Brown was married, October 15, 1856, to Miss Jane Mitchell, the wedding taking place at the bride's home in Madison County. Mrs. Brown was born in Pike township, Madison County, this State, February 19, 1837, to Abijah F. and Margaret Ann (Standley) Mitchell. Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell were among the earliest settlers of Madison County and endured all the toil and privation incident to life in a new country. Mr. Mitchell opened up a farm in the wilderness, making for himself and family a comfortable home. The mother died September 16, 1876, the father makes his home with our subject. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Brown, the eldest of whom, a daughter Maude, died August 1, 1873, at the age of eleven years. The survivors are Walter A., Myrtle E. and Nellie R. In politics Mr. Brown is an uncompromising Democrat—a man of decided views, and one who is not easily turned from his convictions. Mrs. Brown is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. AMOS E. DUNCAN, M.D.,who occupies the Chair of Physiology in Antioch College, Yellow Springs, is a plain, unassuming gentleman, possessing great ability in his specialty, and broad culture in other branches of knowledge, as will be seen in reading his life history. He became connected with Antioch College as a Trustee in 1870, becoming Assistant Treasurer in 1874. In the winter of 1886, the Chair of Physiology was endowed by Dr. C. N. Hoagland, of Brooklyn, N.Y., and the professorship bestowed upon Dr. Duncan. The two physicians had been intimately associated during the Civil War, in the capacity of army surgeons, sharing together many trying scenes. The friendship begun at that time, has grown wider and deeper for a period of more than a quarter of a century, not a shadow of doubt or distrust having marred it. The great want of a more thorough knowledge of sanitary science was observed by the friends, and has proved a topic of consideration by them on many occasions. When Dr. Hoagland saw his way to the endowment of a chair which would to some extent fill the long felt need, nothing was more natural than that he should wish his friend, whose ability and interest he so well knew, to become its incumbent. The Duncan family is of Scotch blood, and connected with many interesting events in the history of "Auld Scotia." Samuel Duncan, the grandfather of our subject, was born near Dundee, and upon emigrating to America, made his first settlement in Virginia. He afterward removed to South Carolina, his son Isaac being born near Charleston in 1796. His next location was at Jonesboro, Tenn., whence in 1803, they came to Ohio, settling temporarily at Oldtown, Greene County, and making their permanent location, and future home, in Mir ami County, near Ludlow's Falls, where grand- 456 - PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM. father Duncan died in 1833. The religious faith of the family was that of the Society of Friends. Upon reaching man's estate, Isaac Duncan married Elizabeth Dickson, of Miami County, whose mother was a cousin of Gen. Anthony Wayne. Her father, Robert Dickson,who was born at sea on ship-board was a Revolutionary soldier, and during the war received a sabre wound in his left elbow, which crippled him for life. Two of her brothers—William and Nicholas—served in the War of 1812, the latter holding the rank of captain. Mrs. Elizabeth Duncan was born in 1800, near Charleston, S. C.,and breathed her last in 1874, having survived her husband I many years. His death had taken place in 1847, being occasioned by the accidental upsetting of a wagon-load of hay. They were the parents of ten children, five of whom are now living. The natal day of our subject was November. 7, 1834, and his birthplace Miami County, in which his childhood and youth were spent, his elementary education being obtained in the district schools. After his father's death be remained upon the farm with his mother until his studies were sufficiently advanced to enter Farmers' College, at College Hill, near Cincinnati. His teachers in that institution were the same to whom President Harrison had recited the previous year. After an attendance of a year at Farmers' College, our subject began teaching in. 1856, at the same time reading medicine, to which study his taste led him to determine to devote his talents. He continued his labors as a pedagogue until 1859, proving a successful instructor, and while teaching others, fixing the knowledge he had obtained more firmly in his own mind. In 1859-60, he attended the Medical College at Cin-cinnati, in the fall of the latter year beginning to practice medicine at Bartonia, Ind. Beginning there empty banded, having to borrow money to buy his first supply of medicine, he progressed so rapidly, that within thirty clays he had a living practice. After the outbreak of the war, he closed his office October 10, 1861, and was enrolled as a private in Company B, Seventy-first Ohio Infantry. Within two months he was appointed Hospital Steward, and also served as an Assistant Surgeon, performing a surgeon's duties in both camp and hospital. On February 18,1864, he was promoted to the position of Surgeon to the Ninth Tennessee Cavalry, with which regiment he remained until after the close of the war. No more important or dangerous duties belong to army life, than those performed by the medical fraternity, and nowhere is greater bravery and self-control needed than in the care of the wounded. Dr. Duncan was present at twenty-one battles, including some of the most important conflicts of the war. He was on the bloody field of Shiloh two days, during the first day's engagement having charge of the ambulance train, and being on the front line, whence he brought off the wounded Heut. Col. Kyle, of Tro.y. At Ft. Donelson he participated in the second and third engagements, and he was also present at the battle of Greenville, E. Tenn.,September 4, 1864,and in Bristol, (Tenn.); Marion, Mt. Ayr, and Wytheville, (Va.); and at the capture of the forts of Saltville. The dead body of Gen. Morgan was examined by Dr. Duncan, news of the whereabouts of the General having been brought to the command by a young boy who was going to the mill. During that battle Dr. Duncan was signaled by Mrs. Col. Frye, and told that he was in danger of being shot by sharpshooters. He faced the enemy, organized a little party of one hospital steward, an ambulance driver, and two orderhes, and reaching the house where the sharpshooters were, captured three of them, a Lieutenant and two privates. For this valorous deed, he received great praise from the fighting Governor, Parson Brownlow, of Tennessee. After being present at the surrender of Gen. Joe Johnston, in North Carolina, and the closing scenes of the war in that part of the country, Dr. Duncan was with his command, which was employed in scouring the country, collecting war material, and paroling Confederate troops until September 9,1865, when he was mustered out at Knoxville, Tenn. The following letter in relation to the services of Dr. Duncan during war times, will explain itself: WASHINGTON, D. C., May 24,1890. J. M. HARRIS, P. C. Yellow Springs, Ohio, Dear Sir :—In reply to your letter asking me to PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM - 457 give a sketch of the services of Dr. A. E. Duncan, a member of Burkholder Post, No. 115, Department of Ohio, G. A. R., and Assistant Surgeon of the regiment I had the honor to command during the greater portion of its service, I have the honor to reply: While encamped at Nashville, several hundred miles from the Home; of my Regiment of East Tennessee Loyal Mountaineers, there was a vacancy in the office of Assistant Surgeon of my regiment, and the Surgeon himself being physically disqualified for efficient service because of long imprisonment and brutal treatment by the rebels, there was pressing need of a medical officer. Under this state of affairs it happened fortunately for our regiment, that Dr. Duncan was encamped conveniently to us and was willing to accept the vacant post. He was ordered before the Medical Examining Board at Nashville, and his examination having been most creditable, he was immediately commissioned by Military Governor Andrew Johnson, as Assistant Surgeon of the Ninth Tennessee Cavalry. The zeal, ability and untiring energy with which he devoted himself to his duties, speedily secured for him the respect of every officer and soldier of the regiment, including a small number who had rather objected to the appointment of an unknown Ohio stranger instead of an old acquaintance and neighbor of their own section. In a very short time after joining our regiment, Dr. Duncan became Acting Surgeon, and from that time during nearly the whole of the war, he performed the double duty of Assistant Surgeon and Regimental Surgeon. In the numerous raids made by our regiment, he was always Acting Surgeon, and sometimes the only medical officer with the regiment. I never knew a medical officer to perform so much hard work as he did. Indeed few men in any branch of the service would have done the work of others as well as his own, and done it uncomplainingly. His work was done so cheerfully, zealously, and efficiently, that it secured for him the respect and affection not only of his regiment, but of the other regiments of the brigade, which benefited by his counsels and labors. In our engagements Dr. Duncan was always at the front, personally superintending the removal of the wounded and watching over them in the hospital as devotedly as it was possible for any surgeon to do. Our brigade had a memorable engagement on the 4th of September, 1864. At about 10 P. M., on September 3 of that year, we broke camp with that portion of our brigade whose horses had not been completely broken down by weeks of hard marching and hard fighting. We had about eleven hundred men in the saddle, and two small Parrott guns. We left camp in the midst of a furious storm, such a storm as is characteristic of the mountain region in which we were serving. It literally rained in torrents, and the night was so dark that we would sometimes only know the deviations we had made from the path we intended pursuing, by the flashes of lightning. The roads were so bad, and the darkness so intense, that it took us between seven and eight hours to travel eighteen miles, going as rapidly as darkness and the condition of the roads would permit. Just as the day began to dawn, after having captured his pickets, most of whom were sleeping in the town of Greenville, Tenn., the home of the late President Andrew Johnson, we surprised and attacked a command of the famous rebel cavalryman and raider, John H. Morgan, with his men numbering about twenty-two hundred, or double our own force, with six pieces of artillery. We killed Morgan, and captured two pieces of his artillery, and killed and wounded from seventy-five to one hundred of his men, with a loss of only three killed, and about fifteen wounded on our side. Morgan's command was so thoroughly routed, that it never paused in its flight until it had run twenty-five miles, and it was so thoroughly demoralized, that it was utterly worthless during the remainder of the war. In this engagement our Assistant and Acting Regimental Surgeon, Dr. Duncan, became so enthused and went so far to the front, that he captured three of the fleeing Johnny Rebs. The fame Morgan had, acquired by his many dashing and successful raids and the estimate placed upon him by Gen. Grant, in his memoirs, to-wit: that he was one of the most daring and successful cavalry officers produced by the war, makes it pardonable in us we think, in feeling some pride in our thoroughly 458 - PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM. successful surprise and attack of his hitherto successful command. I will not consume your time with other references to the services of our little army of loyal Southern mountaineers. My object in writing, was not to give an history of the services of our brigade, but to pay a tribute to the faithful and efficient service rendered to his country by Comrade Amos E. Duncan, and which services will be ever appreciated by his comrades of the Union Army of loyal Eastern Tennessee. Very Respectfully, JOHN B. BROWNLOW, Late Lieutenant-Colonel, Ninth Tennessee Cav. Vol., U. S. A. Returning to the more peaceful life of a civilian, Dr. Duncan now opened an office at Arcanum, Ohio, where he practiced his profession five years, since which time he has devoted himself principally to scientific investigations, to the duties which have devolved upon him in connection with Antioch College, and particularly to those which pertain to physiology and sanitary science. Ably assisted by his son, who is far advanced in microscopic photography, and who is his assistant in the college, he has likewise made many investigations in bacteria analysis. On Christmas Day, 1857, the rites of wedlock were celebrated between Dr. Duncan and Miss Anna B. Brandon, a lady whose fine mind and noble nature had won the regard of the young physician. She is a daughter of Isaiah and Elizabeth (Hall) Brandon, of Miami County, in which she opened her eyes to the light January 24, 1840. The happy union has been blessed by the birth of two children, but the parents have been called upon to mourn the loss of Della, the first born ; Denman C. was born at Bartonia, Ind., April 26, 1861, and bids fair to take a high stand among the scientists to whom he is already becoming known as a keen observer and deep thinker. It is scarcely necessary to say that Dr. Duncan belongs to the Grand Army of the Republic, as his war record would naturally lead to that conclusion. He has been interested in the Masonic fraternity, and holds a demit from the Royal Arch degree. His first Presidential ballot was cast for John C. Fremont, and he has always been an earnest Republican. His knowledge and skill in medical science, and all matters pertaining to the health of ,the body, his intelligence in other lines of study and affairs, and his manly character, alike entitle him to esteem, and he is regarded with the highest respect, not only throughout the community where his later years have been spent, but in other places where he is known, having an extended acquaintance, and an assured position among the learned men and women of the land. Dr. Duncan has written several articles that have been published, on subjects relating to his chosen profession and sanitary science, inviting attention in 1861, to the fact of paralysis following diphtheria, and being caused by it, before the real nature of that grave and fatal malady was well understood by the profession at large. JOHN MOORE. Few, if any, of the residents of Xenia have been citizens thereof for a longer period of time than he of whom we give this brief biographical sketch. For many years he has lived here, an interested witness of the advancement and growth of the city and county, which have been so transformed by the energetic pioneers and their descendants as to bear not the slightest resemblance to the original dreary and unoccupied tract of land. Mr. Moore has aided in this development, and feels a pardonable pride in the results of his efforts. Mr. Moore was born in the northern part of Ireland, County Tyrone, September 15, 1811. -His parents were Thomas and Margaret (Wallace) Moore, and they had a family of four sons, all of whom are deceased except our subject. The parents died when John was but a lad, and in company with his uncle and aunts he emigrated to the United States in 1822. His grandmother, who was also of the party, died at sea. The ship anchored at Quebec, Canada, and thence our subject removed, still in company with his relatives, to Franklin County, Pa., in 1825. He remained there about five years, and learned the tailor's trade. After a residence of a year in Columbus, Ohio, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM - 461 our subject came to Xenia, in 1831. He has thus lived here for almost sixty years. Here he continued to work at his trade until 1876. He was united in marriage July 16, 1840, with Miss Mary A. Monroe, a native of Xenia, and the daughter of David and Barbara Monroe, natives of Scotland. Mr. and Mrs. Moore became the parents of six children, four sons and two daughters, namely: Thomas M., George M.; Robert Wallace, now in Dayton ; David, deceased; Anna, Mrs. Hibben ; and Margaret L., Mrs. Jobe. Mr. Moore lost his wife, who had been to him a faithful companion for many years, December 19, 1884. In his political affiliations Mr. Moore was originally a Democrat, later a Free-Soiler. He is a strong temperance advocate, but never held office, attending strictly to his own business. He is a member of the United Presbyterian Church. Two of his sons, George and Thomas, were soldiers in the Civil War. George enlisted in his sixteenth year, and served until the close of the war. Thomas served a few months in .the latter part of the war. Mr. Moore is highly esteemed, and his name will be held in NO memory long after he has passed to his rest. REV. WILLIAM H. SIDLEY. Although comparatively a young man, this gentleman, who is the pastor of St. Raphael's Catholic Church, Springfield, has accomplished much work in connection with his parochial duties. He is a man of ripe scholarship, pleasing manners, and an earnest and eloquent speaker; possessing great energy and perseverance, he is thoroughly interested in his calling, with a mind constantly devising some new method by which to benefit his people, and build up his church and its various institutions. Coming of substantial Irish parentage, our subject was born in Geauga County, this State, November 17, 1844, and is a son of Henry and Mary (Turner) Sidley, the former of whom was a native of County Limerick, Ireland, and emigrated to this country when a young man, settling among the pioneers of Geauga County. The mother was born of parents who were natives of Ireland, and who, upon crossing the Atlantic, settled first in New York State, and thence removed to Michigan, residing near Detroit until their death. Their daughter, while on a visit to Geauga County, this State, met the gentleman who afterward became her husband. After their marriage Henry Sidley and his wife located on a farm in Geauga County, where the mother is still living. The father departed this life in 1877. There were born to the parents of Father Sidley twelve children, of whom he was next to the eldest. Ten of these are living, and all are residents of Ohio. William H. spent his boyhood on the farm, and walked two and one-half miles to school, pursuing his studies until a youth of sixteen years. Then leaving home, he entered the University of Notre Dame at South Bend, Ind., where he pursued his studies two years. From there he went to Cleveland, Ohio, and spent seven years in the Theological Seminary. Afterward he spent eighteen months in the 'Theological Seminary at Cincinnati, and on the 11th of June, 1870, was ordained to the priesthood. His first charge was at Sidney, Ohio,. where he spent three years. In 1873 he was called to Springfield, taking charge of his present congregation, which numbers at the present time six hundred famihes, and which has a parochial school of nearly six hundred children. Father Sidley at once exerted himself for the best interests of St. Raphael's, both church and school, being instrumental in the erection of the school building and the residence of the teachers who are employed as teachers. Father Murphy is his assistant at St. Raphael's. In 1884 the congregation had so increased in numbers that it became necessary to organize a second church, which is located in the southeastern part of the city, and named St. Joseph's Catholic Church, which has a resident pastor. Father Sidley also put up there a good school building of eight rooms with a basement, and also another residence for the Sisters employed as teachers. In 1887 Father Sidley was made Dean of the Dayton Conference and permanent Rector of St. Raphael's Church. He takes the greatest interest. 462 - PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICALALBUM in the education of the children in the parochial school, giving them all the advantages of the best intellectual training, together with complete relig-ious instruction. They are ta.ught to be thoroughly Catholic in religion, and thoroughly American in ideas. Feeling the necessity of a larger and finer church edifice, Father Sidley has recently purchased ground adjoining the church, to make room for a building which in the near future will take the place of the old church. They will then have one of the best and most complete church properties in the State. Elsewhere in this volume Appears a lithographic portrait of Father Sidley. WILLIAM H. HOUCK, the son ot a pioneer family of Clark County has been prominently identified with the interests of Springfield for many years, and as a manufacturer of brick and in other ways has done a great deal toward building up the city. He is honored not only as one of the most substantial, public-spirited citizens of this municipality, and one of its tnost successful business men, but for his unswerving integrity and high personal character. A native of Maryland, he was born in the town of Emrnitsburg, Frederick. County, April 5, 1821. George Houck, his father, is supposed to have been born in. the same place, while his father, John Houck, it is thought, was a native of Pennsylvania. He was a brick-maker by trade and carried on the business in Emmitsburg, though he spent his last years at Mercersburg, Pa. The father of our subject learned his father's trade at Emmitsburg and made the brick there for the large nunnery in that town. In 1836 he decided to try life in what was then the "Far West," and emigrated to this State with his wife and ten children; performing the journey with a wagon and a pair of horses and a carriage and one horse. Arriving in Springfield May 21, Mr. Hauck left his family in the village and visited other parts of the country on a prospecting tour, but finding no location that suited him better than this he returned to Springfield and bought a brick-yard located on Washington Street between Yellow Spring and Plum Streets. This city was then a small place, with no railways or canals, the only communication with the outside world being over rough roads. Mr. Houck continued in business many years and was so prospered that he accumulated a competence, and was enabled to live in retirement during the last part of his life, his death occurring here about the close of the war. He was of much assistance in building up the county, which he lived to see well developed, and his memory is cherished as one of the most worthy of the stalwart, intelligent, energetic pioneers of this region. The maiden name of the mother of our subject was Mary Snyder, and she was a native of Pennsylvania, and spent the last years of her life in Springfield: There were ten children born to her and her husband, eight of whom were reared to maturity. William Houck was a lad of fifteen years when the family left the old home in Maryland to build up ft new one amid the pioneer scenes of the wilds of Ohio. He remembers well the journey hither, and can contrast the village of other days with its population of twenty-five hundred, with the flourishing city of the present inhabited by forty thousand people: The trade of brick-maker seems to have descended in his family from father to son, at least he was of the third generation that adopted it, and when He was seven years of age he began his initiation into his future calling, and finally succeeded his father in his business, and has continued in it since, building up a large trade, extending to various parts of the State and even beyond. He has also found other means of increasing his wealth. In 1851 he purchased twelve acres of land on South Limestone Street, at $150 an acre, which was regarded as a large price, and his friends thought it a wild speculation, but with characteristic discernment he foresaw that the property was bound to rise in value as the city grew and would in fact some day form a part of the city, so he waited with calm assurance for his prophetic vision to become a reality. He built a substantial brick residence there when it was all woods between his residence and the railway station, and for a few years was quite alone. He only had to wait, how- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM - 463 ever, until Springfield grew in his direction, and now his land is very valuable, as it is within the city limits, has been platted, and is covered with buildings which extend several blocks beyond his former residence that he built on the edge of the forest. He sold that house in 1875, and built his present commodious dwelling at No. 312, South Limestone Street, and remodeled in 1886, making it one of the most conveniently arranged and most desirable homes in the city. He owns besides considerable other real estate in the city and other valuable property. To the wife who has contributed her quota to his prosperity, presides with grace and true hospitality over his home, and makes his interest her own, Mr. Houck was united in marriage in 1850, the ceremony that made them one being solemnized in Rushville, Ill. Mrs. Houck was born in Indiana, a daughter of John and Mary Johnson. Mr. and Mrs. Houck have five children, as follows: Emma, the wife of the Rev. William Singley; Laura B., Lavinia, William F. and John H. The life record of our subject is an honor to him and an example to the youth of the present generation. He is gifted with a strong, clear mind, tenacity of purpose and far seeing sagacity, which have enabled Win to control his business affairs to the best advantage, so that he has become wealthy. He is liberal in the use of his money, showing that he has not labored merely for himself. In his politics he is a strong Republican; religiously, both he and his wife are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JOSEPH J. MILLER, ESQ., a popular and j able young attorney of Springfield, his native city, has already gained an enviable rep/ utation before the bar for talent and knowledge of his profession, and is very prominent in public life. His father, George John Miller, was born in Bavaria, and was a son of John Miller, likewise a native of that country, who was, in turn, ason of Andrew Miller. Both the grandfather and great-grandfather of subject were royal foresters, and were life-long residents of Bavaria. The maiden name of the grandmother of subject was Marie Zweckert, and she was also a Bavarian. She was the mother of six children, namely: Frantz, Marguerette, George, John, Johann, Catherina and John M. The three youngest sons came to America; Johann located in Cincinnati, and there spent his last years; John M. became a successful physician in Springfield. The father of our subject was reared in his native land, and at an early age learned the trade of a butcher; When he was thirty-five years old he came to America, and settling in Springfield, engaged in his old business in this city, residing here until his death, in 1878, wHen his community was deprived of an honorable and useful citizen. He came to this city when it was in its infancy, and beside being a witness of much of its growth and did what in him lay to advance its prosperity. He was married in Springfield to Agnes Storz, a native of Germany; she was born in Renfrizhausen, Wartenberg. She was reared in her fatherland, and was the only member of her family who ever came to America. She now resides in Springfield, and is held in respect and esteem by all who know her.. The subject is the only survivor of the three children born to his parents, one child dying in infancy, and their son John is now deceased. Joseph Miller was born in Springfield, September 27, 1855, and in its public schools laid a solid foundation for a fine education. He subsequently became a student in the Holbrooks Normal School, at Lebanon, in Warren County, where he pursued a thorough course of study. When not in school he assisted his father in the butcher business till he was seventeen years old, and then devoted his whole time to his studies till 1876. In that year he commenced reading law with E. S. Wallace, was well grounded in that profession, and in the fall of 1878 was admitted to the bar, and at once opened an office for the practice of his calling, in which he has been eminently successful, and to-day is numbered among the leading lawyers of the city. He has secured a large clientage, and in 1888 was elected to the office of Justice of the Peace for a term of three years. Mr. Miller's intellectual powers are harmoniously 464 - PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM. developed, so that clear judgment, sound sagacity, and cool, practical sense, and a constant devotion to duty are among his distinguishing characteristics, and have enabled him to rise to his present position. He is just, cautious, politic and courteous in his dealings, and in his honorable career as a lawyer has ever shown himself worthy of the confidence placed in him by his clients. He was reared in the Lutheran Church, and has always been true to the faith of his fathers. He is an ardent Democrat in politics, and has been since he cast his first Presidential vote for S. J. Tilden, always using his influence to promote the highest interests of his party. He is identified with the I. O. O. F., as a member of Springfield Lodge, and of Mad River Encampment. JOSEPH NISONGER is almost a life-long resident of Greene County and for many years bore his part with the farmers of Xenia Township, winning from the soil a competence and from his neighbors the respect due to honest, industrious and Christian manhood. He has now retired from the arduous labors of life and is enjoying the fruits of his early toils and the pleasures of a life in the city of Xenia, where he can enter into the intellectual and religious work of his fellow-men without undue exertion. His pleasant home is located at No. 110, Cincinnati Avenue. Jacob Nisonger, the father of our subject was born in Virginia and came hence in 1808, accompanied by his wife, formerly Miss Rebecca Reed, and three children. He made his settlement two miles west of Xenia, on what is now the Upper Bellbrook Pike, and in the thick woods where there was not even a place to camp. A pole pen was the first shelter, if shelter it could be called, and after camping in it for a time, the family took possession of the new log house that was considered quite a palace. The parents saw the usual hardships of pioneer life but outlived them, witnessing the gradual development of the country and bearing their share in its progress toward improvement and civilization. They reared a family of fifteen children. Mr. Nisonger was not a politician except to the extent of casting his vote, and that was given to the Democratic party. He was one of the first members of the Methodist Episcopal Church in this county. His death took place in 1834. The subject of this sketch was born on the farm in Xenia Township, June 23, 1820, having a twin sister, Mary. He grew to maturity in the home of his infancy, obtaining his education in the district schools and remaining with his mother on the farm after the death of his father. His mother lived to be seventy-seven years old, dying in 1857, and her son, Of whom we write, was on the home farm at the time of her death. In 1853 he removed to Indiana, but after a sojourn of three years returned to this county, taking up his abode in Beaver Creek Township, where he carried on agricultural pursuits until 1885. At that time his sight failed him, and for three months he was totally blind, the trouble being occasioned by cataracts; his eyes were operated upon, and his sight is now quite good. In 1886 he moved into the city, occupying the pleasant property belonging to his son, who is occupying the farm. Mr. Nisonger is a member in good standing of the Presbyterian Church. He exercises the elective franchise in behalf of the candidates of the Republican party. The estimable and highly respected companion of Mr. Nisonger bore the maiden name of Elizabeth Manor. She is a native of Virginia, but accompanied her father, George Manor, to this county when but a child, and here obtained her education and the training which fitted her for a worthy womanhood. To her and our subject has come but one son, George, who was born April 14, 1843, on the farm that was his father's birthplace. The lad completed his studies in Xenia and afterwards assisted his father until he became of age, when he entered the Union army to bear a part in the defence of the old flag. He was enrolled in Company D, Seventy-fourth Ohio Infantry, in 1864, and made one of the valiant band who accompanied Gen. Sherman from Atlanta to the sea and northward after the first wonderful campaign was concluded by the surrender of Savannah. He was at Raleigh, N. C., at the time of PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM - 465 the general surrender, and with his comrades marched through Richmond and to Washington, taking part in the Grand Review, after which he was honorably discharged and mustered out of the service at Camp Denison. On his return to his home young Nisonger engaged in farming, and since that time has made his home in Xenia and Beaver Creek Townships. He now occupies the farm of his father in the latter Township, and owns other lands in Spring Valley Township, all being well-improved and finely cultivated, and making up the sum of two hundred and twenty-seven acres. On December 2, 1868, the rites of wedlock were celebrated between himself and. Miss Virginia Barnett, an estimable and intelligent young lady of this county. He is a sturdy Republican, a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a worthy scion of the families from which he derives his origin. ROBERT GRIEVE. The subject of this sketch was born July 27, 1829, within two miles of his present home. He is one of the prominent farmers of Xenia Township, and owns an excellent place some two miles from the Court House in Xenia. He is wide-awake and progressive, and has made a good name for himself in the township. His ancestors for many generations have been farmers, and have the reputation of being successful ones, too. His father, Archibald Grieve, was a tiller of the soil in County Selk, Scotland, where he was born in 1775. He emigrated to America in 1812, landing in New York, where he remained until 1814, when he traveled via boat to Warren County, Ohio, thus becoming one of the pioneers of the State. The mother of Robert Grieve was Agnes (Stephenson) Grieve, who was born in Roxboroughshire, Scotland, and was the daughter of John and Isabella Stephenson. The parents of our subject were married April 11, 1811, and one year later took passage for the New World. When Archibald Grieve arrived with his family in what is now Greene County, he bought one hundred acres of land, and immediately proceeded to clear sufficient land to enable him to build his little log cabin; which served for shelter from not only the elements, but also from the droves of wolves that abounded everywhere. It was necessary to bar the door to keep out the hungry creatures, who would intrude wherever they could force an entrance. Numbers of deer also roamed through the forest, and the settlers need never be without the most toothsome venison, did they but use their weapons aright. Mr. Grieve proceeded as rapidly as possible in the clearing and cultivating of his land, and in a few years had a comfortable home. They were religiously united with the "Seceeders," what is now known as the United Presbyterian Church. For a number of years their nearest place of meeting was eight miles distant. Distance and danger, however, did not prevent them from attending the services. Mr. and Mrs. Archibald Grieve were the parents of nine children. Four sisters, besides him of whom we write, are all that survive. The subject of this notice is the only member of his father's family residing in this country. His eldest brother died in 1847. During the youth of Robert Grieve he attended the country schools in winter, and worked on the farm of his father through the rest of the year. He continued this practice until he was twenty years of age, when he left school and devoted himself to business life. He bought the farm upon which he resides at present in 1887. It consists of sixty acres improved and cultivated. He owns another farm of one hundred acres on the boundary line of Xenia and New Jasper Townships which is in charge of his son. He deals largely in stock, raising graded Short-horn cattle, Poland-China hogs and an improved breed of horses. JOHN J. KIRKHAM. One of the most attractive homestead in Harmony Township, Clark County, is owned and occupied by the subject of this notice, who, in 1849, when a boy of twelve, rode over the land when it was covered with wild grass and water .knee deep. It now presents the appearance of a beautiful and 466 -PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM. well-tilled tract, the fields laid off with neat fencing, the farna improved with modern buildings and everything about the premises denoting the thrift and prosperity, which could only have been brought about by the most unflagging industry and good management. Mr. Kirkham is a thorough and skillful farmer, and has obtained an enviable reputation its a stock-raiser, being able to exhibit some of the finest animals in this part of the county. He took possession of this farm in 1876, although becoming its owner in 1868. In the meantime he lived on his sister's farm adjoining, and could thus give to his property the requisite attention. It lies on section 26, and comprises one hundred and ninety-one acres. The birthplace of Mr. Kirkham was at his father's homestead in Lisbon, Harmony Township, and the date thereof, March 2, 1837. With the exception of four years spent in Green Township, he has been a resident of his native township all his life, He attended the common school during his boyhood days, and later spent five months in Wittenberg College at Springfield. When a youth of nineteen years he began teaching school, which profession he followed two years. Subsequently he occupied himself as a farm laborer, and in cultivating rented land. He remained a bachelor until approaching the thirty-ninth year of his age, and was then mar-ried, January 24, 1876, in Springfield, to Miss Agnes J. Roddy. This lady was born in the State of New York, November 22, 1849, and is the daughter of Michael and Margaret (Drum) Roddy, who were both natives of Ireland. Mr. Roddy emigrated to America when a young man and set-tled in New York State, where he remained until 1850. Then coming to Ohio he settled on a farm near Lisbon, and remained there until his death, which occurred about 1865. His widow is still living, and makes her home on the farm of our subject. The six children born to them were named respectively, Mary, John, Fanny, deceased ; James, Agnes and Charles. Mrs. Margaret (Drum) Roddy is likewise a native of Ireland and of Irish ancestry. She lived in her native country until reaching womanhood, and upon emigrating to America settled in New York State, where she made the acquaintance of her future husband. Mrs. Kirkham was given such education as was afforded by the common schools, and remained with her mother until her marriage. Of her union with our subject there have been born eight children, viz.: John M., George C., James W., Jesse G., who died at the age of six years; Walter II., William S., Agnes M. and Benjamin F. The survivors are at home with their parents, and are being given the training and education suitable to their station in life. The Kirkham homestead, in all its appointments, reflects credit upon the enterprise of the proprietor, while the family holds no secondary position among the best people of the community. DAVID L. BAKER. A well-regulated farm in German Township, Clark County, is the home of the gentleman above named, the estate having been settled upon by his father, who was a pioneer of Clark County. Upon it our subject first saw the light of day, March 23, 1850, and around it the memories of his entire life cluster. He was educated in the public schools of the township, acquiring an excellent practical edu-cation, and received from his father a thorough understanding of agriculture, which he chose as his life work. The eighty acres of land which he owns are kept by him in excellent cultivation, and the natural fertility of the soil is improved by the use of the best fertilizing agents and a proper rotation of crops. A young lady who was born in Pennsylvania and came to this county with her parents when quite young, won the regard of our subject and after a successful wooing he became her husband September 13, 1875. She bore the maiden name of Mary E. Kunkle and is a daughter of Andrew and Amelia Kunkle, the former of whom is now deceased and the latter living in Springfield. She possesses many excellent qualities and much useful knowledge. She has borne the following children: James A., Irvin A., Emma A., Harvey A., and Walter H.; Stella and Delbert D., are deceased. The son of Christian parents, he of whom we PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM - 467 write became imbued with good principles and follows the example set him by his father in favoring such projects as will tend to advance the material prosperity of the region or increase the intellectual and moral standing of the community. He is now serving as School Director of District No. 2, creditably discharging the duties of the office. Politically, he is a Democrat. In this he also following the example of his deceased father. The parents of our subject Were Jacob and Susannah (Lander) Baker, who bore a part in the pioneer work of development which has brought this county to its present high state of prosperity. In his younger days the father was a teamster, and he also followed the trade of a blacksmith for a number of years, the remainder of his days being spent as a farmer. Like most of his contemporaries the educational advantages which he enjoyed were very inferior to those of the present time, but such as they 'were he improved, adding to his store of knowledge by reading and observation. Both he and his wife were identified with the Lutheran Church and held in good repute by their associates. They were the parents of five children, of whom four are yet living. These are Zachariah, whose home is in Indiana; Melissa, wife of Samuel Maggert, of German Township; Barbara E., wife of Andrew Seitz, now living in Kansas; and he of whom we write. The father departed this life in March, 1863, while the mother survived until April, 1885. BENJAMIN F. ALLISON, a highly esteemed citizen of Springfield, is a veteran of the late war, where he won a good record for faithful service, though he sacrificed his health for his country. He is a Pennsylvanian by birth, born in Drytown, Lancaster County, November 21, 1830. He is derived from sturdy Scotch ancestry. His father, Abraham Allison, was born in Scotland, but when he was young his parents took him to Ireland, and there he was reared. Ambitious to improve his condition, with a sister and his brother Joseph, he came to this country and located in Pennsylvania, %%here he married Susan Kauffman, a native of Lancaster County, that State. He became a stone-mason and carried on his trade in Lancaster County about twenty years. He then turned his attention to farming, and buying a farm four miles from Drytown actively engaged in its cultivation, and made his home there until death him called to a higher. His wife died at the home of her daughter in her native county. To those worthy people were born seven children, of whom the following five were reared and are still living—Bar. bara, John, Abraham, Susan and Benjamin F. The son of whom we write spent his early years on his father's farm until he arrived at the age of fourteen, when he was apprenticed to learn the trade of a shoemaker in Maytown, Lancaster County. he was bound for five years, but served only two years and then worked a year under instruction in Carlisle, Cumberland County, gaining a thorough mastery of his calling, and he then did “jour" work for awhile. In 1856 he came to Ohio and started in business for himself in London, Madison County, and carried it on profitably until 1862. In the meantime he had been watching the course of the war with intense interest, and as soon as he could arrange his affairs he offered his services to his country and, enlisting on the 1 lth of August, that year, actively assisted in raising a company, which was designated as Company A, and was attached to the One hundred and Thirteenth Ohio Infantry, and then sent to Camp Chase, where the officers were chosen and the regiment was organized. It was then dispatched to Camp Dennison, where the men were thoroughly drilled in military tactics for three hours each forenoon and afternoon and each man in turn did guard duty. The barracks were comfortable and were provided with wooden bunks and plenty of good straw and blankets. The regiment was sent from there to Louisville the same fall, where the men were furnished with tents and for the first time slept on the ground. The members of Company A were found to be men of resource and self-reliance, and obtained all the conveniences and comforts to be had, and if there was any straw to be procured for beds they generally appropriated it. Our subject and his comrades were posted in Louisville about two 468 - PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM. months and then went to Muldrow Hills to guard trestles on the Louisville & Nashville Railway. They were stationed there two months, and their next destination was Franklin, Tenn., where they arrived the day after the battle and did good service in assisting in the burial of the dead. Mr. Al. lison was taken sick at that point and returned to Nashville to enter the hospital. His health did not improve, and six weeks later he was sent to Louisville. He still continued grow worse, and wrote a letter to Gov. Todd to know why the orders for the removal of sick soldiers to the hospitals nearer home were not carried out. The Governor was very prompt in his reply, which our subject received by return mail, and five days later be was on his way to the hospital at Camp Dennison. He remained there until his discharge, August 9, 1863, He was suffering from heart disease and chronic diarrhea, and as his soldier days were over he returned home, and as soon as able resumed the shoe business. He resided in London until 1871, when he took up his abode in Springfield, and has ever since made his home here, and for some years was foreman in a shoe store, a position for which his knowledge of the business and experience thoroughly qualified him. While other men gave their lives on the field of battle and in the camps and hospitals of the South during the Rebellion, our subject gave that without which life is scarcely worth living, his health, as he has never been able to regain his old-time vigor since those trying days in the army. Yet, who shall say that he has not made life a success, although the plans and ambitions with which he started out in the world have not all been brought to fruition. He made a willing sacrifice, has borne his sufferings cheerfully, and by industry when he was able to work, by frugality, and excellent business tact, he has accumulated a sufficient amount of this world's goods for a comfortable competence. Mr. Allison has been blessed with a good wife, a true, unselfish helpmate, to whom he was united in the holy bonds of matrimony, April 22, 1850. Her maiden name was Charlotte E. Smith, and Baltimore, Md., was the place of her birth. They have three children living, of whom the following is recorded: Levi A. married Arabelle Neff, and they have four children,—Daisy, Etna, Henry and a baby; Smith E. married Nettie Long, and they have two children—Nettie and Glenna; Benjamin F. married Arabelle Morrell. Mr. Allison has always been true in all the relations of life, as son, husband, father, neighbor and citizen, and is in all respects worthy of the consideration and esteem accorded to him by all who know him. In commemoration of his career as a soldier he has identified himself with Mitchell Post No. 45,G. A. R. He is a sound Republican in politics and cast his first vote for Fremont, and has been in the ranks of the party almost from its formation. In him the Second Lutheran Church finds one of its most consistent members. DAVID CRABILL. The Crabill family is well represented in Springfield Township, Clark County, several brothers of the name having their homes there. None are more worthy of representation in this volume than the one whose name introduces this sketch, and who is the second child of the late Thomas V. Crabill and his respected wife. He was born in Champaign County, Ill., March 14, 1836, and was about a year old when his father returned to Clark County, Ohio, where he grew to manhood and has since resided. He has always followed agricultural pursuits and a visitor to his home would at once concluded that the owner thoroughly understands his calling. The farm consists of one hundred and sixty-nine acres, carefully and intelligently tilled, well fenced, and supplied with adequate and substantial buildings of various kinds, the dwelling being particularly attractive. The marriage of Mr. Crabill took place at the bride's home in Green Township, December 2, 1862, his companion being Miss Nancy C. Rock. She was born in the city of Springfield June 17, 1840, and possesses many virtues and graces of mind and heart. Her parents were Thomas R. and Leah (Kelly) Rock. She has borne her husband PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM - 471 two children—Emma J. and Thomas V. The (laugh-ter is the wife of Albert T. Garlough and the mother of one son, David C. The second child of our subject is a graduate of Wittenberg, College, Springfield, in the class of 1890. Being public-spirited and liberal minded, Mr. Crabill takes a deep interest in educational affairs and in the political outlook of the country, as well as in all movements which are made for the good of the county. FIe has held the office of School Di-rector for a long term of years and for three years has been a member of the Republican Central Com-mittee for Springfield Township. The Republican party has no stancher supporter than he is and has been since he began to vote. Mrs. Crabill and her two children belong to the Second Lutheran Church. CHARLES L. GERLAUGH. Although still a young man the above-named gentleman is one of the most prominent and public-spirited residents of Bethel Township, Clark County. He belongs to a family whose representatives are numbered among the early settlers of Greene County, and who in former times sent pioncers into Pennsylvania, the remote ancestors being Ger-man. He is a shrewd business man, a fine manager of the land which he operates, and personally is hospitable, good natured, and every inch a gentleman. He commands the respect of his fellow-men, his prominence among them being due as much to his personal character, as to his ability in worldly and public affairs. His home is a fine farm of two hundred and fifty-six acres on sections 31 and 36, which although held by his fattier has been largely improved by himself, and is under his sole control. He is a shareholder in the Osborn Bank, and an ex-President of that institution, having been at its head the first year of its life. The first of the Gerlaugh family to make a home in the Buckeye State was Adam, a native of Frederick County, Md., who came here about 1810. He was poor and empty handed, but locating on a new piece of land in Beaver Creek Township, Greene County, he set to work with right good will to carve out his fortune. He cleared and improved , the farm, and so successfully prosecuted his labors that he became the owner of some one thousand acres of land, all lying within five or six miles of Dayton. In the early days his market was Cincin-nati, to and from which city he hauled produce with teams. He was still a young man when he came to this State, where he married and reared a family, one of whom a son, Arthur, was born in Beaver Creek Township, in 1819. There Adam Gerlaugh breathed his last, respected by his fellow-men. Arthur Gerlaugh bought and located on his father's original homestead, where he is now living, having some three hundred acres of land in the farm. He is one of the oldest settlers of the community, being now about seventy-one years old, and is numbered among the most prosperous farmers of this vicinity. He also owns two good farms in Bath Township, Greene County, and after the marriage of his son, our subject, purchased the property upon which the latter is located. In politics he is a thorough Republican. As a citizen he is public spirited, reliable and prominent, while his private character is that of an honorable, kindly and upright man. His wife, formerly Miss Catherine Rockafield, was born near Fairfield, Bath Township, and was educated there; she is the possessor of an intelligent mind, a Christian character, and many useful accomplishments. She has now reached the age of some fifty-six years, and belongs to the United Brethren church. The family includes two sons—Charles L., the first-born; and John, who is farming on the home place in Greene County. The maternal grandparents of our subject were John and Elizabeth (Cost) Rockafield, both of whom were born in the Keystone State, and came to this section when young with their parents, who were early settlers of Bath Township, Greene County. Grandfather Rockafield took up his residence there about 1825, and began working out on the farm of Peter Cost, whose daughter he afterward married. He then rented the place, afterward buying it, and continuing to reside upon it until his death. 472 - PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM. The gentleman whose name introduces this biographical sketch was born March 6, 1855, in Beaver Creek Township, Greene County, five miles from Dayton. There he grew to manhood, learning the rudiments of farming when a boy, and enjoying excellent educational advantages, together with the best of home training. He remained under the parental roof until twenty-seven years old, when he was married and located upon the farm which his father had purchased for him. The entire acreage is tillable, and the estate is well improved, having all necessary and convenient farm buildings upon it, being well fenced, and supphed with fruit of various kinds. There are two tenant houses for the use of workmen upon the estate, which is devoted to general farming, and in the carrying on of which three teams are constantly employed; the whole is under the efficient supervision of Mr. Gerlaugh. He is now raising thoroughbred Short-horn cattle, of which he has some fine specimens on which he has taken premiums at the fairs; he also raises full-blooded Poland-China swine. He feeds about a car-load of cattle per year also, while his crops are not neglected but are equal to any in the county in amount and quality. The hospitable and attractive home of Mr. Gerlaugh is presided over by an intelligent and accomplished lady, whose gracious manner prepossesses strangers in her favor, and whose virtues endear her to many hearts. She comes of an excellent family, being a daughter of John Hower, whose sketch found on another page in this volume, furnishes an account of her ancestry. She is a native of Bath Township, in which her marriage took place February 1, 1882. For a time she was a student at Wittenberg College, Springfield. Four bright children have come to bless her union, their names being Arthur, Howard, Ella and Bertha. The Clark County Agricultural Society numbers Mr. Gerlaugh among its patrons. According to his judgment the principles embraced in the Republican platform are those best calculated for the needs of the people, and he never fails to support them by his vote, and he has also served his party as a delegate to county conventions. He is a member of the School Board, and takes a deep interest in educational affairs, and in the improvement of the schools. He belongs to the Lutheran Church. We invite the attention of our many readers to a portrait of Mr. Gerlaugh on another page. ERNEST BURKHARDT. Among the various industries which spring up in a community and which have a vast influence upon the health of its people is that of pork packing and which if not properly carried on may become the source of a vast injury and frequently fatal in its effects. The subject of this notice makes of this industry a specialty, also combining with it the manufacture of sausage, in which he has been very successful, employing men who understand their -business and dealing only in first-class material. The products of his factory are in demand all over this part of the country, but especially in the city of Springfield where the enterprise was inaugurated in 1884. A native of Wittenberg, Germany, Mr. Burkhardt was born November 28, 1847, to Louis and Caroline (Leibrandt) Burkhardt, whose family consisted of twelve children. The father was a butcher by trade, also followed farming besides grape culture and was a wine seller. He and his excellent wife spent their entire lives in their native land. Ernest, in accordance with the laws and customs of his native land was placed in school when a lad of six years and pursued his studies until fourteen. He then began an apprenticeship at cabinet-making, serving three years. At the expiration of this time he began traveling and followed his trade as a journeyman in different cities for three years. Then in 1867 he emigrated to the United States, landing in New York City after an ocean voyage of eighteen days. Thence he proceeded to Centreville, this State, where he followed his trade six months and then entered the employ of his brother Louis, a butcher, and with whom he learned the business thoroughly. This seeming to be a profitable industry Mr. Burkhardt in 1870, started in business on his own account at Cincinnati, conducting this until 1884. Then .selling out he removed to the vicinity of PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM - 473 Springfield and soon afterward purchased a little farm of thirty acres just outside the city limits upon which he erected buildings suitable for butchering and pork packing, also the manufacture of sausage and since that time has prosecuted this business with uniform success. He has met with losses, however, as in April, 1889, several of his buildings. were destroyed by fire, involving a loss of $15,000 with but $7,000 insurance. He immediately rebuilt, however, putting up more substantial structures of brick and added a large ice-house. He kills about fifty hogs and three beeves per week, the greater part of which is manufactured into sausage. Mr. Burkhardt occupies with his family a commodious brick residence on the same farm and is looked upon as one of the most energetic and thrifty. business men of his county. He was married November 24, 1881, to Miss Emma Oehler. This lady was born in May, 1860, in Cincinnati and was the daughter of Frederick Oehler, a prosperous citizen of Cincinnati, and also of German antecedents. There have been born to them five children —Lulu, Clara, deceased, Emma, Elmer and Ernest. In politics, Mr. Burkhardt is independent, aiming to support the men best qualified to serve the interests of the people. He is a. member in good standing of the Knights of Pythias. A self-made man in the broadest sense of the term, he has, from a small beginning, accumulated a handsome property and occupies no unimportant place among the business interests of his adopted city. WASHINGTON H. WILSON. The large and highly respected Wilson family, of which the subject of this sketch is a most worthy representative, has for many years been widely and favorably known in this part of Ohio and is looked upon as belonging to its best elements. He with whose name we initiate this notice is one of the substantial farmers of Harmony Township, Clark County, where he operates successfully as a tiller of the soil and a breeder of fine stock. He is a native of this township and was born June 26, 1850, within a mile of the homestead which he now owns and occupies. His father, Michael Wilson, was born in Greene County, this State, in 1814, and married Miss Vina Henry, who was born in Springfield in December, 1816. Michael Wilson, when a comparatively young man, came to Clark County and took up his residence in the eastern part of Harmony Township, which remained his home until his death, February 11, 1880. He was shrewd and capable as a financier and accumulated over one thousand acres of land, leaving to his heirs a fine estate. The parental family included twelve children, viz: Jasper, who served during the Civil War in the Ninety-fourth Ohio Infantry; James, Elizabeth, Jefferson, who served in the same regiment as his brother Jasper, and was killed at Chickamauga; Johnson; who was a member of the Forty fifth Ohio Infantry; Michael; Lavina, who was the wife of Edward West, and who is now deceased; Washington H., our subject; Emma D. and Anna, both deceased; Fremont and Stillman. Both parents were members in good standing of the Christian Church. The elder Wilson was an extensive sheep-grower, an industry from which he realized handsome returns. The paternal grandfather of our subject was Michael Wilson, who was born in Kentucky and who emigrated to Greene County, this State an an early day. Thence he removed to Clark County where he spent his last years. He was a farmer by occupation and accumulated a comfortable property. His three sons were named, Washington, Michael and Hiram. The latter died young. Both father and sons originally belonged to the old Whig party but later joined the Republicans. The paternal great-grandfather of our subject came from England and his wife from Ireland. He died in Greene County. this State. Washington H., of whom we write, spent his boyhood and youth on the farm with his parents attending the district school and assisting his father until reaching his majority. He then began farming on his own account, locating where he now resides. He makes a specialty of sheep and corn, having of the former about six hundred head. On the 11th of February, 1875, Mr. Wilson took unto himself a wife and helpmate, Miss Frances L., daughter of James and Mehitable (Girard) Porter. 474 - PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL ALBUM. Mrs. Wilson was born in Madison County, this State, February 1, 1852, and spent her early life in a comparatively uneventful manner under the parental roof and receiving such education as was afforded by the common schools. Of her union with our subject there have been born four children, viz: Porter M., Charles B., Nina E. and Washington G. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson are prominently connected with the Christian Church and Mr. Wilson belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He cast his first Presidential vote for Gen. Grant and remains an earnest supporter of the Republican party. MILTON CRABILL. This young gentleman has been rapidly coming to the front among the stock-raisers of. Clark County, his home and place of business being a fine farm on section 7, Springfield Township. He also owns valuable property on South Yellow Springs Street, Springfield. He makes a specialty of raising sheep, his flocks being Merinos, either full-blooded or crossed with Shropshire Downs; of Poland-China hogs; of breeding and raising English Shire and Norman colts. During the year 1889, he sold over twelve thousand pounds of pork of his own raising. He takes quite an interest in his live stock and is well posted regarding the merits of different breeds. Springfield Township has been the home of Mr. Crabill during his entire life, his birth having taken place on a farm therein, August 19, 1856. He is a son of the late Thomas V. Crabill, several of whose sons are now following in their father's footsteps in developing the resources of the soil and advancing the prosperity of the county. The subject of this sketch has lived in the country all his life except one year which he spent in the city of Springfield. He was educated in the common schools, where he acquired a good store of information and laid the foundation for more extended knowledge to be obtained through other means. He owns a snug farm of one hundred and thirty-eight and a half acres on section 7, on which good improvements have been made, the residence and other buildings being such as one would expect to find upon the land of a man of enterprise. Overwork has caused Mr. Crabill some suffering and weakness, his health not having been good since 1886. At the home of the bride's parents November 18, 1880, Mr. Crabill was united in marriage with Miss Mary, daughter of Michael and Elizabeth (Cosier) Leffel, of Springfield Township. The bride was born in that township, April 2, 1857, and is the sixth in a family of eight brothers and sisters. She is a well-informed woman, with useful habits and Christian character. She has borne her husband two children—Chester B. and Milton W. Both Mr. and Mrs. Crabill are members of St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church, of Springfield. Mr. Crabill is a believer in the principles of the Republican party and to its candidates he gives his vote and influence. Upright and honorable in his dealings with mankind, kindly in domestic life, and exhibiting intelligence and good judgment in the management of his worldly affairs, he deserves and obtains the respect of all to whom he is known. HENRY H. CULP. This gentleman is classed among the prominent and representative pioneers of Clark County, and is especially well known in Moorefield Township where he has lived for a quarter of a century. His home is located on section 35, and is one of comfort and good cheer, the estate comprising eighty-five acres of land, the most of which is under cultivation and all intelligently handled. Farming and stock-raising are the occupations to which Mr. Culp devotes his attention and of his success he has no reason to coin plain. In Cumberland County, Pa., June 26, 1817, the subject of this sketch opened his eyes to the light of day. He is the eldest son of Jacob and Mary (Hoch) Culp, who were also natives of the Keystone State. Their family consisted of six children, three of whom are now living. They are: Henry H.; Mary A., wife of William Hunt; and Catherine, now the widow of John Stutz, both of Montgom-