1805 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852	Silas Dean, William Barrows, Alvan Bingham, Alvan Bingham, Alvan Bingham, Asahel Cooley, Asahel Cooley, Asahel Cooley, Ebenezer Currier, Ebenezer Currier, Ebenezer Currier, Daniel Stewart, Caleb Merritt, Caleb Merritt, George Walker, George Walker, George Walker, George Walker, George Walker, George Walker, George Walker, George Walker, George Walker, George Walker, George Walker, George Walker, George Walker, Joshua Hoskinson, Joshua Hoskinson, Joshua Hoskinson, Joshua Hoskinson, Joshua Hoskinson, Joshua Hoskinson, Joshua Hoskinson, Joshua Hoskinson, Joshua Hoskinson, Joshua Hoskinson, Joshua Hoskinson, Joshua Hoskinson, Silas M. Shepard, Silas M. Shepard, Silas M. Shepard, Silas M. Shepard, Silas M. Shepard, James Dickey, James Dickey, James Dickey, James Dickey, L. D. Poston,	William Howlett, William Howlett, William Howlett, Caleb Merritt, Caleb Merritt, Caleb Merritt, Zebulon Griffin, Zebulon Griffin, Zebulon Griffin, Caleb Merritt, Caleb Merritt, Levi Stedman, Asahel Cooley, Asahel Cooley, Stambro P. Stanclift, Stambro P. Stancliff, Stambro P. Stancliff, Edmund Dorr, Edmund Dorr, Edmund Dorr, Edmund Dorr, Daniel Stewart, Daniel Stewart, Harry Henshaw, Harry Henshaw, Harry Henshaw, Absalom Boyles, Absalom Boyles, Absalom Boyles, David Jones, David Jones, David Jones, Alfred Hobby, Alfred Hobby, Alfred Hobby, Elmer Rowell, Elmer Rowell, Elmer Rowell, Arnold Patterson, Arnold Patterson, Arnold Patterson, Ziba Lindley, Ziba Lindley, Ziba Lindley, Ziba Lindley, Ziba Lindley, Ziba Lindley, Ziba Lindley, Ziba Lindley,	John Corey—(At special election.) Samuel Moore—(At regular election.) Samuel Moore—(At regular election.) Samuel Moore—(At regular election.) Ebenezer Currier. Ebenezer Currier. Ebenezer Currier. Seth Fuller. Seth Fuller. Seth Fuller. Robert Linzee. Robert Linzee. Daniel Stewart. Levi Stedman. Levi Stedman. James Gillmore. James Gillmore. James Gillmore. James Gillmore. James Gillmore. James Gillmore. James Gillmore. Justus Reynolds. Justus Reynolds. Justus Reynolds. Justus Reynolds. Justus Reynolds. Justus Reynolds. Justus Reynolds. Justus Reynolds. Justus Reynolds. Frederic Abbott. Frederic Abbott. Frederic Abbott. William R. Walker. William R. Walker. Benj. M. Brown. Benj. M. Brown. Benj. M. Brown. Benj. M. Brown. Alfred Hobby. Alfred Hobby. Alfred Hobby. Alfred Hobby. Alfred Hobby. Alfred Hobby. Pearley Brown. John Elliott. John Elliott.
HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 157
1858 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882	John Brown L. D. Poston L. D. Poston John Brown John Brown John Brown John T. Winn John T. Winn John Brown John Brown John Brown John Brown John Brown, John Brown John Brown Thomas L. Mintern Thomas L. Mintern Thomas L. Mintern E. M. Blake, E. M. Blake E. M. Blake Alpheus Wilson Alpheus Wilson Alpheus Wilson Elza Armstrong Elza Armstrong Elza Armstrong W. G. Hickman W. G. Hickman W. G. Hickman	Ziba Lindley, William Mason, William Mason, William Mason, Joseph Jewett, Joseph Jewett, Joseph Jewett, John Dew, John Dew, John Dew, Hugh Boden, W. F. Pilcher, W. F. Filcher, W. F. Filcher, W. F. Pilcher, W. F. Pilcher, Samuel S. Boyles, Samuel S. Boyles, Samuel S. Boyles, Samuel S. Boyles, Samuel S. Boyles, Samuel S. Boyles, E. H. Watkins, E. H. Watkins, E. H. Watkins, E. H. Watkins, A. S. Tidd, W. H. Curfman, W. H. Curfman, W. H. Curfman, W. H. Curfman	John Elliott. John Elliott. Daniel B. Stewart. Daniel B. Stewart. Daniel B. Stewart. Daniel B. Stewart. John E. Vose. John E. Vose. John E. Vose. G. M. McDougall. G. M. McDougall. G. M. McDougall. G. M. McDougall. G. M. McDougall. G. M. McDougall. G. M. McDougall. G. M. McDougall. G. M. McDougall. J. F. Welch. J. F. Welch. J. F. Welch. J. F. Welch. J. F. Welch. F. Finsterwald. F. Finsterwald. F. Finsterwald. F. Finsterwald. F. Finsterwald. F. Finsterwald. J. W. Murphy.

COUNTY AUDITORS.   The first constitution of Ohio provided for the election by the, people of only two county officers—sheriff and coroner; other county officers were, during the first eighteen years of the State's history, appointed by the county commissioners or by the associate judges of the respective counties. The office of county auditor was created by act of the Legislature, at the session of 1820-'1. Before that time the principal duties of the auditor were performed by the county clerk. Henry Bartlett, so long known in the county as "Esquire Bartlett," was Clerk and ex-officio Auditor from 1806 till March, 1821. From this time the successive auditors were:   Joseph B. Miles, appointed by commissioners in 1821, and served nine months. General John Brown, appointed and served to March, 1827. Norman Root, elected 1827, served to March, 1839. Leonidas Jewett, elected 1839, served until 1843. Abner Morse, elected 1843, served until 1845. Leonidas Jewett, elected 1845, served until 1847. E. Hastings Moore, elected 1847, served until 1861. Simeon W. Pickering, elected 1861, served until 1871. A. W. S. Minear, from 1871 to 1880. A. J. Frame, from 1880 to _____   158 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.   COUNTY CLERKS.   Henry Bartlett, appointed Dec.1, 1806; served until Feb 8, 1836. Joseph M. Yana, appointed Feb. 8, 1836 ; elected Feb. 22, 1843 ; served until 1857. Louis W. Brown, elected 1857. Edwin M. Phillips, elected 1869. G. W. Baker, elected 1872. Silas E. Hedges, elected 1881.   COUNTY RECORDERS.   Dr. Eliphaz Perkins, from 1806, to July, 1819. Chauncey F. Perkins, from July, 1819, to May, 1826. A. G. Brown, from May, 1826, to August, 1833. Robert E. Constable, from August, 1833, to November, 1835. A. G. Brown, from November, 1835, to October, 1841. Enos Stimson, from October, 1841, to October, 1844. John Boswell, from October, 1844, to October, 1847. A. J. Van Vorhes, from October, 1847, to October, 1850. W. H. Bartlett, from October, 1850 , to December, 1854. Frank E. Foster, from December, 1854, to November, 1855. George H. Stewart, from November, 1855, to June, 1861. Norman Root, from June, 1861, to January, 1862. Daniel Drake, from January, 1862, to January, 1868. Josiah B. Allen, from January, 1868. John W. Andrews, from January, 1880, to January, 1883. Lafayette Hawk, from January, 1883, to -   COUNTY SHERIFFS.   Robert Linzee, from April, 1805, to November, 1807. Silvanus Ames, from November, 1807, to November, 1809. Robert Linzee, from November, 1809, to January, 1814. Thomas Armstrong, from January, 1814, to January, 1818. Isaac Barker, from January, 1818, to January, 1822. Jacob Lentner, from January, 1822, to January, 1824. Calvary Morris, from January, 1824, to January, 1828. Robert Linzee, from January, 1828, to January, 1830. John McGill, from January, 1830, to January, 1832. Amos Miller, from January, 1832, to January, 1836. Joseph Hewitt, from January, 1836, to January, 1840. Joseph H. Moore, from January, 1840, to January, 1844. William Golden, from January, 1844, to January, 1848. J. L. Currier, from January, 1848, to January, 1852. J. L. Kessinger, from January, 1852, to January, 1856. Leonard Brown, from January, 1856, to January, 1858. H. C. Knowles, from January, 1858, to January, 1862. Frederic S. Stedman, from January, 1862, to January, 1864. John M. Johnson, from January, 1864, to January, 1868.   HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 159   William S. Wilson, from January, 1868, to January, 1872. A. J. Reynolds, from January, 1872, to March, 1873. Nehemiah Warren, from March, 1873, to January, 1876. Parker Carpenter, from January, 1876, to January, 1880. Tim. B. Warden, from January, 1880.   COUNTY TREASURERS.   Alvan Bingham, from April, 1805, to June, 1806. William Harper, from June, 1806, to June, 1807. Ebenezer Currier, from June, 1807, to March, 1808. Eliphaz Perkins, from March, 1808, to June, 1809. William Harper, from June, 1809, to June, 1811. Eliphaz Perkins, from June, 1811, to June, 1815. Amos Crippen, from June, 1815, to June, 1825. Isaac Barker, from June, 1825, to January, 1830. Amos Crippen, from January, 1830, to January, 1832. Isaac Barker, from January, 1832, to January, 1836. Isaac N. Norton, from January, 1836, to December, 1836. Abram Van Vorhes, from December, 1836, to January, 1837. Isaac Barker, from January, 1837, to January, 1840. Amos Crippen, from January, 1840, to January, 1842. Robert McCabe, from January, 1842, to January, 1848. William Golden, from January, 1848, to January, 1854. Samuel Pickering, from January, 1854, to January, 1853. Leonard Brown, from January, 1858, to January, 1860. Joseph M. Dana, from January, 1860, to January, 1862. Leonard Brown, from January, 1862, to January, 1864. A. W. S. Minear, from January, 1864, to January, 1868. George W. Baker, from January, 1868, to January, 1872. W. S. Wilson, from January, 1872, to January, 1876. A. J. Frame, from January, 1876, to January, 1880. John P. Coe, from January, 1880, to -.   COUNTY COURT.   The first Court of Common Pleas was held July 8, 1805, Robert F. Slaughter, President Judge; Silvanus Ames and Elijah Hatch, Associate Judges, and Henry Bartlett, Clerk. Since that time the following judges have been elected:   1806—Levin Belt, President Judge; Silvanus Ames, Alexander Stedman and Abel Miller, Associate Judges.   In 1807 Judge Ames became Sheriff and Elijah Hatch became Judge.   1807 to 1812—William Wilson, President Judge, and Alexander Stedman, Abel Miller and Elijah Hatch, Associate Judges.   1813—William Wilson, President Judge, and Jehiel Gregory, Silvanus Ames, and Elijah Hatch, Associate Judges.   160 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.   1814—William Wilson, President Judge, and Jehiel Gregory, Silvanus Ames, and Ebenezer Currier, Associate Judges.   1815 to 1818—William Wilson, President Judge, and Silvanus Ames, Ebenezer Currier and Elijah Hatch, Associate Judges.   1819—Ezra Osborne, President Judge, and Robert Linzee, Ebenezer Currier, and Silvanus Ames, Associate Judges. 1824—Alvan Bingham, Associate Judge, vice Silvanus Ames, deceased. 1825—Amos Crippen, Associate Judge, vice Robert Linzee. 1826—Edmund Dorr, Associate Judge, vice Ebenezer Currier, and Thomas Irwin, President Judge, vice Osborne. 1827—Elijah Hatch, Associate Judge, vice Amos Crippen. 1838—George Walker, Associate Judge, vice Alvan Bingham. 1833—Ebenezer Currier, Associate Judge, vice Edward Dorr. 1834—David Richmond, Associate Judge, vice Elijah Hatch. 1840—John E. Hanna, President Judge, vice Thomas Irwin. 1840—Samuel. B. Pruden, Associate Judge, vice Ebenezer Currier. 1841—Isaac Barker, Associate Judge, vice D. Richmond. 1845—Robert A. Fulton, Associate Judge, vice George Walker. 1847—Arius Nye, President Judge, vice John E. Hanna. 1847—Samuel H. Brown Associate Judge, vice S. B. Pruden. 1850—Norman Root, Associate Judge, vice Samuel H. Brown. 1850—A, G. Brown, President Judge, vice Arius Nye. 1852—Simeon Nash, elected first Judge under new constitution. when associate judges were dispensed with. 1862—John Welch, elected. 1865—Erastus A. Guthrie, appointed, vice John Welch, elected Supreme Judge. 1866—E. A. Guthrie, elected. 1872—J. Cartwright, appointed. 1872—David Hebbard, appointed. 1873—Joseph P. Bradley, elected. 1873—Samuel S. Knowles, elected. 1882—Hiram L. Sibley, elected.   PROBATE COURT.   (Organized in 1852.)   Jacob C. Frost, elected 1852. Nelson H. Van Vorhes, elected October, 1855; resigned November, 1855.   HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 161   Daniel S. Dana, appointed November, 1855. Calvary Morris, elected October, 1855. L. Jewett, appointed 1871, elected in October, 1872. Thomas L. Mintern, elected 1875. Wm. S. Wilson, elected 1881.   PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS.   E. B. Merwin, from 1806 to 1809. Benjamin Ruggles, from 1809 to 1810. Artemas Sawyer, from 1810 to 1812. Alexander Harper, from 1812 to 1813. Artemas Sawyer, from 1813 to 1815. J. Lawrence Lewis, from 1815 to 1816. Thomas Ewing, from 1816 to 1817. Joseph Dana, Sr., from 1817 to 1820. Samuel F. Vinton, from 1820 to 1822. Thomas Ewing, from 1822 to 1824. Thomas Irwin, from 1824 to 1826. Dwight Jarvis, from 1826 to 1830. Joseph Dana, Jr., from 1830 to 1835. John Welch, from 1835 to 1839. Robert E. Constable, from 1839 to 1841 John Welch, from 1841 to 1848. Tobias A. Plants, from 1843 to 1845. James D. Johnson, from 1845 to 1847 Lot L. Smith, from 1847 to 1851. Samuel S. Knowles, from 1851 to 1865 George S. Walsh, from 1855 to 1857. Erastus A. Guthrie, from 1857 to 1861 Lot L. Smith, from 1861 to 1863. Rudolph De Steigner, from 1863 to 1870. Chas. Townsend, from 1870 to 1876. Leonidas Jewett, from 1876 to 1880. Emmet Tompkins, from 1880.   The first grand jury drawn in Athens County was in November, 1805, and was composed as follows: John Dixon, John Hewitt, Saml. Moore, Alvin Bingham, Jno. Corey, Peter Boyles, Jeremiah Riggs, Canady Lowry, Wm. Howlett, Robt. Fulton, Josiah Coe and Phillip M. Starr.   THE WATERS AND THE FLOODS.   The Hocking River and its tributaries have frequently risen far beyond their ordinary limits, and carried destruction and ruin in their path. Altogether, property has suffered considerably at different times from high water. One of the most serious floods occurred in 1847, the water rising higher than was known for a generation before, and doing more or less damage throughout the valley. Severe floods were also experienced in 1852.   The next one of importance occurred in the last week of May, 1858. Heavy rains throughout this part of the State caused a general rise in the water-courses. The Hocking was higher than had been known for many years, particularly at Lancaster and Logan. At Athens it was not so high. It did not reach, by twenty inches, the high-water mark of 1847. The destruction of property was considerable. Hundreds of acres of growing grass and grain were entirely or partially ruined. On the uplands, also, the washing of the soil and the consequent injury to grain and grass has been unusually severe. The canal gave way at two or   - 11 -   162 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.   three points, but the breaks were not extensive, and were easily repaired.   Margaret's Creek, running through Alexander and half way through Athens Township, was higher than ever before seen by that notorious personage, " the oldest inhabitant." The bottoms were entire submerged, and the destruction of property necessarily heavy. Several farmers had each as high as eight or ten thousand fence-rails carried away. Along the smaller streams in other portions of the county the destruction of property was similar to that along the Hocking and Margaret's Creek. Several bridges were swept off or greatly injured. The county bridge over Federal Creek, near Big Run, was a total loss.   The damage to the Marietta (.3 Cincinnati Railroad was heavy, but trains were running again in about ten days. East of Athens the greatest obstruction was near Warren's, where some sixty feet w of heavy embankment was washed away; and beyond that point were numerous slides. The damage between Athens and Chillicothe was also great.   Scarcely had the waters begun to lower in the streams when, on May 31, the valley was again visited with severe and destructive showers of rain. The smaller streams rose with remarkable rapidity. The west branch of Margaret's Creek, in Alexander Township, in a few hours rose to a point even higher than that reached during the freshet of the previous week, sweeping off fences and causing the sudden destruction of other property. Sunday Creek was higher than had been known for twenty years, and the Hocking was out of its banks.   This storm was followed by another on the evening of the 5th of June. The streams again rose, till, on the 7th, the Hocking lacked but a few inches of being as high as during the first freshet. Monday Creek and other streams rose to a greater height than before, and much damage resulted to bridges, roads, fences and crops. The railroad also suffered further.   And still again in the following June, the 11th, heavy and continuous rains swelled the waters for a fourth time in close succession, the river at this time reaching its highest point since the ;mat flood of 1847. Comparatively little, damage was done, however, from the simple fact that there was but little left to destroy. The railroad track was under water for a mile east of Athens, and the approaches to the bridges crossing the river were impassable. The canal was much damaged, there being numerous breaks all along   HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 163   its line. When the floods subsided thousands of acres of land presented the appearance of a desert waste. Mails from Cincinnati were not received over the Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad between May 24 and June 17. This seemed to be a season of general floods, the Hocking Valley not being the only sufferer. The floods were very severe throughout Ohio, Indiana and Illinois.   The severest flood ever known to the inhabitants of the Hocking Valley came in the summer of 1873. The rain commenced falling on Thursday, July 3, and continued, almost without interruption, until Saturday morning following, inundating the whole valley, from Lancaster to the Ohio River. Wheat, corn and grapes were swept to the ground, from Carroll to Hockingport. At Nelsonville fifty families were driven from their homes, the west end of the town being submerged. Among the heavy losses in that vicinity were: The bridge and crops of L. D. Poston, $10,000; bridge and coal works of W. B. Brooks, $5,000; tanyard of J. F. Broadt, $5,000; planing-mill and dry-dock of George Freer, $1,500; crops and lumber of John W. Scott, $3,000; crops 'of John Herrold, $2,000; and many others. The destructive waters rushed rapidly up the ascent to Main street, impetuously flowing into houses, and mingling in dire confusion their contents. With one exception every bridge in the vicinity of the town was swept away; and the "Robbins' Bridge," though not wholly destroyed, sustained such damages that it had to be virtually rebuilt. At Chauncey five miles north of Athens, the waters entered the second story of the dwellings, and also at Floodwood. At the latter place, about daylight on Saturday morning, the attention of Aaron Lewis, residing near the "Arnold Shaft," was arrested by the shrill screams of a woman. Proceeding in a boat in the direction of the alarm, he found a woman with her two children in the loft of their cabin surrounded by the rapidly encroaching waters ; he hurriedly tore through the shingles of the roof and rescued the party, rowing them to his own residence. The works of the Hocking Valley Salt Company were seriously damaged. Their loss in manufactured salt alone exceeded 1,000 barrels. All the smaller bridges in the neighborhood of the works were destroyed. From the residence of Henry Brown, of Chauncey, to the salt works, a distance of half a mile, the entire population were forced to abandon their dwellings during Friday night and Saturday morning. The works at Salina, owned by George T. Gould, lost 3,000 barrels   164 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.   of salt. His loss was estimated at $5,000. Other individual losses in this district were: Those of Henry Brown, $3,000; Infirmary farm, $2,000; A. Courtney, $1,000; Judge and J oseph Jewett, conjointly, $3,500; Joseph Dorr, about $1,000; Hiram Armitage, $1,000; William Courtney, $500.   Coming toward Athens, the destruction was so great as to defy description. Among the heaviest losers here was D. B. Stewart of Athens. Independently of the indirect damages he sustained, his losses included about 100 acres of corn, 80 acres of fine wheat, 1,500 bushels of old corn in crib materially injured; 40 acres of meadow destroyed; 100 cords of wood, and 50,000 feet of lumber swept away, in addition to unestimated damages to mill and fences. Other losers were: Joseph Herrold, between $5,000 and $7,000; E. H. Moore, over $2,000; John Ring, between $1,000 and $1,500; and unestimated: Porter Wilson, Hiram Bingham, Grosvenor and Beaton, R. J. Cable, Jesse Davis, Augustus Norton, Oliver Carpenter, S. H. and Leroy Mansfield, S. S. Boyles, N. 0. Warren, Charles Henry, Benjamin Randall, and, indeed, every farmer in the valley, between Athens and the Ohio River.   The damages wrought by the flood to the Hocking Canal and the Hocking Valley Railroad were also of startling magnitude. The canal between Athens and Logan was well-nigh destroyed, the encroachment of the Hocking River completely washing away the tow-path at many points, for stretches, variously, of a half mile and more. So ruinous were the damages to this pioneer public work that it has been discontinued between Nelsonville and Athens. On the Hocking Valley Railroad, bridges, embankments and portions of the road-bed, from a point beyond Lancaster to Athens were wrecked and torn to an extent that required weeks of time and vast expenditures of money to repair. During the height of the flood, as the surging waters swept past Athens and on down the valley, the spectacle was a sublime one, the water bearing upon its swelling surface the fearful havoc it had consummated. Altogether, this general calamity has not been equaled by any similar catastrophe that had previously occurred since the settlement of the country, the extent of the floods of 1832, 1847 and 1858 being materially exceeded by this one of 1873.   In the latter part of July, 1875, the windows of the heavens were opened, and the Hocking Valley once more inundated. Villages were flooded, and crops, bridges and fences carried off. The river was higher than ever before known at Athens, and all the   HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 165   tributaries were swollen beyond their banks. The mails were stopped for several days, and the railroad bridges were swept away, track washed out, etc. At Athens the gas works were flooded, and the citizens were compelled to resort to kerosene lamps and old candle-sticks or to the lights of other days. The damage by this flood was not confined to the valleys, but the hill farms were injured by washing. The losses in the Hocking Valley were probably over million of dollars.   CHAPTER VII.   MILITARY HISTORY-WAR OF 1812, MEXICAN WAR, AND THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES.   EARLY PATRIOTISM- WAR WITH MEXICO-THE REBELLION-FIRING ON FORT SUMTER - NEWSPAPERS FIRING THE HEARTS OF THE PEOPLE-ATHENS COUNTY MEETS ALL DEMANDS-CAMP JEWETT—MUSTERING IN--CAMP DENNISON- SANITARY AND RELIEF- --WORK-MORGAN'S RAID-NELSONVILLE CAPTURED- LADIES ONCE MORE TO THE FRONT-GRAND ENCAMPMENT-WAR ENDED-GREAT REJOICING-PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S ASSASSINATION-SORROW AND INDIGNATION- THE ATHENS SOLDIERS BY TOWNSHIPS-THE REGIMENTS IN WHICH THEY SERVED. EARLY PATRIOTISM.   The people of Athens County, in common with the rest of the civilized world, believe that military organization, defense and action are sometimes necessary to patriotism. Some of the early settlers of the county and the ancestors of many more were patriot soldiers during the Revolution, and from them a zeal for the supremacy of the stars and stripes has been inherited, which is so far from cooling with the lapse of time that it seems to grow more fervent in each generation. The first time an appeal was made to the loyalty of Athens County was during the   WAR OF 1812.   A company of volunteers was promptly raised in September, 1812, which was enrolled in the regiment of Colonel Robert Stafford and the brigade of General Ed. Tupper, and which served till March following. It marched northward to Sandusky and Perrysburg, after Hull's surrender, but was not engaged in any actual combat. Jehiel Gregory of Athens, was at first Captain of the company; Nehemiah Gregory, of Athens, was Lieutenant; James Crippen, of Rome Township, was Ensign; and Leonard Jewett, of Athens, was Surgeon of the company. After reaching camp,   - (166) -   HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 167   Captain Gregory was promoted to Major, Lieutenant Gregory became Captain, and William McKinstry, of Alexander Township, became Lieutenant. Among the privates were Thaddeus Crippen. of Rome; William Stewart, of Rome; Andrew Stewart, of Rome; James Starr, of Rome, and Roswell Poole, of Ames. These volunteers received $8 per month and subsistence for their services. About 1869 the two or three survivors of this band were gladdened by the act of Congress which pensioned all living soldiers of the War of 1812. The last of that company has now gone to "that bourne whence no traveler returns " and their deeds live only in history.    MEXICAN WAR.   The tocsin of war again sounded in 1846, and Athens responded with over 100 volunteers. Most of them went in one company, Captain McLean's, and quite a number of these from York and other townships.   The following is the muster roll of Company E, (Captain McLean's) Second Ohio Regiment in the Mexican War:   First Lieutenant, Michael Earhart; Second Lieutenant, J. K. Blackstone; First Sergeant, E. D. Wall; Second Sergeant, Daniel Nelson; Third .Sergeant, John A. Beard; Fourth Sergeant, J. C. Stedman; First Corporal, Thomas Shannon ; Second Corporal, Thos. Miller; Third Corporal, A. Steenrod; Fourth Corporal, Charles Barker; Privates, T. Armitage, C. Armitage, J. B. Abbott, Michael Austin, Thomas Arrington, James Andrews, William Bailey, Ezra Bridge, Samuel Brown, Samuel Burns, James Beabout, Martin Bobo, P. A. J. Beard, James Bowen, Samuel Bush, John Crow, F. Chamberlain, A. Carpenter, Richard Carr, Afford Carus, Jonas Clark, Samuel Clark, John Clayton, William Dolen, Isaac Desler, R. De Steigner, G. W. Full, Alexander Francis, James Finsterwald, Homer Gibbs, Columbus Gray, Reason Hull, Harrison Hume, William Hendrixon, L. Holwell, E. D. Hatch, Benjamin Hugh, Jeff Henshaw, H. D. Johnson, Reuben James, Wm. N. R. James, Charles Kemp, Clinton Loudon, A. Liggit, F. Lawrence, Edward Merick, Thomas Macklin, Philip McDaniel, Samuel Older, John Peters, Nathan Pickett, A. Patterson, William Reason, A. M. Smith, Daniel Shepard. Rufus Sim:nons, Alford Starr, John Thompson and Jerry Thompson.   168 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.   WAR OF THE REBELLION.   It was in the terrible four years' war of 1861—'65, that the people of Athens Comity most fully demonstrated their thorough loyalty to the best Government on earth. According to the United States census of 1860, the number of male inhabitants of the county in that year,. between the ages of fifteen and fifty, both inclusive, was 5,089. The county furnished to the Government during the war, in all, 2,610 soldiers, or more than fifty per cent. of her men able to bear arms. In other words, of the able-bodied men in the county every other one left his business and his family to aid in suppressing the Rebellion. This is a record of which the county may well be proud—a record which no county in the State of Ohio, and few in all the Northern States, can surpass. The number above given does not include 1,967 men who volunteered and served in repelling the Morgan raid, in 1863, nor 160 " squirrel-hunters," who hurried to the defense of Cincinnati in 1862.   The train of national events which led to the war are too well known to need even a summary of them here. The county was a strong Whig county, and, after the death of that party, its Republican, or " abolition," tendencies were equally strong. Athens was a prominent station on the " underground railway," and many good stories might be told of adventures on that mysterious service.   At the presidential election of 1860, Lincoln, Douglas, Breckenridge and Bell were candidates for the presidency, and the triumphant election of Lincoln was the result. Athens County gave him a majority of 1,200. The South had threatened secession in the event of Lincoln's election, and it now proceeded to execute this threat by the various States passing ordinances of secession, and organizing themselves into a Southern Confederacy. After a number of weeks of negotiation, or attempted negotiation, General Beauregard attacked Fort Sumter, at Charleston, S. C., in obedience to instructions from L. B. Walker, Secretary of War of the Confederate Government at Montgomery, Ala. The startling news of the firing on Fort Sumter produced but one general feeling that of indignation at the action of the South, and a patriotic determination to support the United States Government in the prompt suppression of the Rebellion. Words can not describe the enthusiasm with which men of all parties in Athens County declared themselves for the Union, the Constitution, and the enforcement of the laws. The spirit of the people was eloquently   HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 169   reflected by the press, which called upon all loyal citizens to stand by their Government, and remember their duties as members of the Republic. We give one or two extracts from the ringing editorial which appeared in the Messenger of April 18, 1861:   " The American flag has been violated, American soldiers have been shot down, and a brave commander of a Government fort has been forced to strike his flag and capitulate. Men of Athens County, this news comes home to you. A call will soon be made on Ohio to contribute her portion of men and money to aid the Federal Government in asserting its authority and preserving the honor and dignity of the nation. Will you falter in the hour of your country's peril? Will you stan.1 by and call into question the causes which have produced this state of things? If so the name and memory of Benedict Arnold will be enviable compared with that which future generations will justly apply to you. This is no time for party jealousy or partisan bickering. America expects every man to do his duty, and all must do it, or reap the vengeance of an outraged people. Democrats! Republicans! and no-party men! We call on you to merge the partisan in the patriot, the demagogue into the hero, and rally as the exigencies of the times may indicate, to the support of your country's flag. Let every man be a true American citizen, feeling the responsibilities and patriotism of an American citizen, and those base destroyers of the peace and prosperity of the Union will soon be made to hide their accursed heads' in shame before all nations."   Meetings were held by citizens throughout the country, at which patriotic speeches were made, and at which the most zealous determinations to fight for the Union was manifested. A meeting was held at Athens on the 17th, but five days after the firing on Fort Sumter. The stars and stripes were raised over the courthouse, amid the wildest enthusiasm. Republicans and Democrats, with one accord, cheered every Union expression. The townships were urged to hasten the enlistment of volunteers in response to the call of President Lincoln for 75,000 volunteers. April 20 a large and enthusiastic meeting of citizens was held at Chauncey, Dover Township. A pole was raised, and the stars and stripes ran up, amid deafening shouts. The greatest enthusiasm prevailed. A large number volunteered, and steps were also taken to organize a home guard.   At Athens, on the same date, a patriotic meeting was held on the college green. In the center of the concourse were the Ohio State   170 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.   Guards, of Athens, armed and in full uniform, bearing a beautiful silk banner presented by the ladies of Athens, Feb. 22, 1860, little thinking how soon it would be called to wave amid the smoke of the battle-field. The uniformed recruits were stationed near the college. A beautiful flag, twenty-six by fifteen feet in size, was run up the staff, and as it enfolded to the breeze, it was greeted by three rounds of musketry from the State Guards, and three cheers from the crowd. Patriotic speeches were made; songs were sung by the ladies in attendance. A series of patriotic resolutions were adopted by the students of the Ohio University. A fund started for defraying the expenses of recruits before starting and for the support of their families during their absence reached $2,000 in twenty-four hours.   The following staff officers of the Third Brigade, Seventh Division, Ohio Volunteer Militia, composed of the counties of Athens, Washington, Meigs and Gallia, reported for duty: General a A. Constable, Brigadier-General, Athens; Major D. Maule, Brigadier-Major, Athens; Amos Layman, Brigadier-Judge-Advocate, Washington; Captain George W. Baker, Brigadier-Quartermaster, Athens; Captain Cyrus Grant, Brigadier-Aid-de-Camp, Meigs; Captain J. L. Vance, Brigadier-Aid-de-Camp, Gallia; Dr. W. P. Johnson, Brigadier-Surgeon; Prof. W. H. Young, Brigadier-Engineer; Rev. J. Pratt, Brigadier-Chaplain. The following call was issued by General Constable:   " The United States Government, through the Governor of Ohio, calls upon the people of the counties of Washington, Athens, Meigs and Gallia for ten companies of infantry, of not less than seventy-five rank and file each. Able-bodied men between the ages of eighteen and forty-five are required. The time of enlistment is three months. Volunteers will be received and enrolled in the cities of Marietta, Athens, Pomeroy, and in Gallipolis."   The volunteers swarmed into Athens in greater numbers than they could be received, and went into camp. Their temporary home at this time received the name of " Camp Jewett," and Camp Jewett was soon a scene of great activity. Fully two hundred men were in a few days quartered here, drilling and organizing for service, under the command of General Constable. Most of the new soldiers were made of the right kind of material, but many fancied that their three months' service would be but a grand pleasure excursion to Washington or to the South, and that they would soon return to their admiring friends " covered all over   HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 171   with glory." They soon found out the reality of war, the hardships of soldier life, etc., and that the war was mThe change three months' task. The:change from the independence and luxury of Camp Jewett to the rigorous discipline and plain fare of army life, too, was not relished by many; but the majority stoically accepted the situation, and fought the four years' war through.   GOING INTO ACTIVE SERVICE.   The Ohio State Guards, of ninety-six men, was the first company to leave Camp Jewett. It was ordered to Camp Dennison, near Miamiville, where it was mustered into the service of the United States as Company C, Third Regiment. This company, under the command of Captain J. M. Dana, carried the flag of the regiment, and thus occupied the post of honor. It left Athens for Camp Dennison, May 1. The occasion of its departure was one of peculiar interest and solemnity. Many of the volunteers were leaving behind them wives and families, brothers and sisters, and all the fond associations of many years' formation. There was many a moist eye, and many a heart swelled with emotion, but none lacked the courage demanded for the trying scene—the parting of bosom friends from their mates, perhaps forever. Just before their departure each of the volunteers was presented with a New Testament by Revs. Pratt and Porter. A short, patriotic speech was afterward made by Hon. V. B. Horton. Then the shrill whistle of the locomotive screamed, " Good-bye," " God bless you " and "Farewell," were quickly exchanged, and with cheer after cheer they departed. The boys reached Camp Dennison safely, but found poor quarters there even for a soldier. Many of them, without even a blanket, were compelled to lie out all of the first night.   The next company to leave Camp Jewett was Captain E. A. Guthrie's, numbering ninety-nine men, which became Company B, Twenty-second Ohio.   Recruits continued to pour into Camp Jewett, and another company was soon filled. This became Company H, Twenty-second Regiment, and consisted of eighty-nine men. It left Athens for Columbus, May 20, commanded by Captain Nathan Pickett.   Thus in one month's time, Athens County sent forward for the war 300 men. They were fine, able-bodied men, and volunteered with a resolute determination to aid with their whole strength in the suppression of the Rebellion. Captain Pickett's company was raised almost entirely in Dover Township. Two of the commis-   172 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.   sioned officers, Captain Pickett and Lieutenant Stedman, had seen service in the Mexican War. It is an interesting coincidence that there were seven printers in Captain Dana's company, four of whom were from the office of the Athens Messenger. A band of marauders organized in the county and did some desperate deeds. They were lawless characters, who, thinking there was no law, undertook to carry out a programme of thieving and intimidation. They were suppressed.   Among the early appointments to the higher grades of the ser vice was that of W. S. Smith to the position of Assistant Adjutant-General, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, on General Sleich's staff. Colonel Smith was a brother of Lot L. Smith, of Athens, and a graduate of the Ohio University. He was presented, June 5, 1861, just after his appointment as Assistant Adjutant-General, with a beautiful sword by the citizens of Athens, through Hon. S. B. Pruden. On the same occasion a Colt's revolver was presented by C. H. Grosvenor to Captain E. A. Guthrie. Colonel Smith was soon after appointed to the command of the Thirteenth Infantry, and early in 1862 he became a Brigadier-General.   The rapidity with which recruits poured into Camp Wool (the name of " Camp Jewett " was dropped after a few weeks, and the name of " Camp Wool" adopted instead) was fairly astonishing. As if knowing that the war would last for years, and that the Union cause would require all the men that could be spared, the county responded as though animated by one mind. Every township raised a company or half a company of men for three years' service, while those who did not enlist devoted their energies toward raising a good crop, knowing that provisions are the staple necessity of an army. Besides the soldiers of our own vicinity company after company came to Athens from other counties, en route to Camp Dennison or some Eastern point. Thus Athens was almost constantly a scene of military activity. By the first of August, 1861, Athens County had raised 1,000 men for the Union army. Eight companies had left, under orders, for Camp Dennison and elsewhere (three of these companies had already seen hard service in West Virginia), while five others were being raised in different parts of the county.   FIRST RETURNS.   The first regiment to return to this part of the State, after the expiration of its term of service, was the Twenty-second Infantry,   HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 173   commanded by Colonel Gilmore. It arrived at Athens, Aug. 4, 1861, and immediately went into quarters at Camp Wool. This regiment had seen the hardest kind of service in marching about from one place to another over the hills and mountains of West Virginia. Four companies, Captain Olmstead's (Company I), Captain Payne's (Company K), Captain Wilhelm's (Company G), and Captain Guthrie's (Company B), were scouting from one place to another nearly all the time after the regiment left Camp Wool until its return. They performed one feat that is worthy of special mention. From Spencer to Glenville, Va., is about forty-two miles. About six miles of this distance was marched in the night. The next morning the four companies started for Glenville, about thirty-six miles distant, where they arrived between eight and nine o'clock in the evening. It rained during the whole day, and the men had to cut away large trees and heaps of rubbish thrown across the road by the rebels in several places. During the day an alarm was given that the advance guard was attacked. Immediately the whole force started off on " double quick," and continued at this rate for a distance offour miles, when they overtook the guard and found the alarm to be false. The Twenty-second remained in camp about two weeks, and were paid off Aug. 21 and 22, and discharged.   One of the brightest pages in the record of Athens County's war history is the remembrance of the sanitary and relief work done by the patriotic citizens—particularly the ladies—all over the county. In October, 1861, an appeal was made for contributions of clothing, etc., for the soldiers. No sooner was it known that these articles were needed, than the citizens immediately took effective measures toward organized relief. A county committee was appointed, known as the " Military Committee," consisting of Joseph Jewett, Rudolph De Steigner, Albert Parsons, H. T. Brown and William P. Kessinger. This committee appointed relief committees in every township, which were urged to act at once, and send in to the county committee such contributions as they could collect. The following are the township relief committees:   Athens.—Judge Barker, Samuel Pickering, Jared Maris and C. W. Goodspeed. Alexander.—Elmer Armstrong, Hon. James Gibson and William Campbell. Lee. —John T. Winn, Leonard Brown and Dr. John Earhart. Lodi.—Joseph Cramer, Dr. Moore and William Jeffries.   174 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY.   Carthage. —James Caldwell, Walter Glazier and Amasa Saunders. Trimble.—Benjamin Norris, William Russell and Dr J. Dew. York.—J. L. Mintern, Charles Ashton and Joseph Brett. Dover.—Eli F. Brown, Henry Brown and G. T. Gould. Ames.—N. P. Hoisington, A. W. Glazier and James Bryson. Bern.—P. W. Lampson, Samuel Wells and George Wyatt. Troy.—John Frame, E. A. Gibbs and Sherman Brewster. Rome.—D. B. Stewart, Elmer Rowell and Hiram Gard. Canaan.—N. O. Warren, Peter Finsterwald and William Burch. Waterloo.—Hugh Boden, W. H. Allison and P. C. Hewett.   In Athens village the committee appointed some sixteen ladies to solicit contributions. As a result of these prompt steps, large quantities of clothing and other useful articles were sent to our soldiers, which not only aided in making many brave men comfortable, but beyond a doubt saved many a volunteer's life. This work was kept up through the war, and in this way the ladies of the North did effectual service in crushing the Rebellion.   The rebel raid by General John Morgan in the summer of 1863 is well remembered by the citizens of the Hocking Valley, for his forces were for a few days rather " numerous" in this region. He was at that time on a run for life, rather than a raid of destruction; otherwise we should have suffered much more from his presence. The general facts of the raid are well known. His arrival, however, in Athens County, caused considerable consternation am ong the people, as it did along the line of his march. He had undertaken to cross the Ohio River at Hockingport but the gun-boats were too much for him and he lost about 1,000 of his men at that point, they having surrendered. General Morgan, with about 400, turned toward Gallipolis, crossing the railroad at Vinton, some fifteen miles north of that city, and then turned directly north. About eleven o'clock in the forenoon the people of Nelsonville and vicinity were thrown into confusion by the unwelcome intelligence that the famous General John Morgan and his forces were within a mile of town. In a very short time they came pouring in from all directions, and took complete but quiet possession of the town. Nearly every house was visited and made to serve meals to two or more of the strangers. Never was food given more grudgingly by the usually hospitable people of Nelsonville. The rebels are described by those whom they visited here as being dirty and ragged, of various kinds of dress, and an extremely hard-looking lot of men.