HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 275 From this period dates the complete working system of the University. Its history from this on to the present time has been almost uniform in the routine duties of ordinary college work. The usual four years' course was adopted, the curriculum embracing higher studies in mathematics, natural sciences, philosophy, and the classics. The classes graduating each year have ranged from fourteen down. The attendance gradually increased up to the time of Rev. Wm. H. McGuffey's administration (1839-'43), when it reached nearly 250 students. This, and a short time following the close of the war of the Rebellion, are the two most flourishing periods in the University's history. For the decade from 1855 to 1865 the average annual attendance was 150, and for the College year of 1865-'6 the attendance was '243. This sudden rush of students resulted, doubtless, from the fact that the great number of young men throughout the country, who had just been released from the service, were without employment, and being generally supplied with ready money, as well as many of them being entitled to free tuition by a law passed in 1864, saw no better way to spend a year or two than in attendance at the University. Since 1870 the average annual attendance has been about 110. The two LITERARY SOCIETIES  were established in 1836 and in 1839 by special acts of the State Legislature. The first, entitled " An act to incorporate the Athenian Literary Society of Ohio University,' in the town of Athens," was passed Dec. 19, 1836, and the other, entitled " An act to incorporate the Philomathean Society of the Ohio University' in the town. of Athens," March 9, 1839. By these laws, the above societies were each created a body corporate and politic by the names given above, capable of suing and being sued as such, and invested with the usual privileges granted to other corporated bodies, the only provision made being that the annual income of either shall not exceed the sum of $1,000. The first was created with perpetual succession, and the second with succession for thirty years. These societies have each a hall in one of the University buildings, own the property with which it is furnished, and are each governed by separate constitutions and by-laws which provide for a regular succession of officers. Since these are the only societies of the kind connected with the institution, each has had in 276 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY. its membership since organization about half the students of the University. The public exercises of these societies consist of an annual literary contest between the two. There are also four Greek letter fraternities in the University, the Delta Tau Delta, Beta Theta Pi, Phi Delta Theta, and a ladies' society, Kappa Alpha Theta. Ladies were admitted to equal privileges with the gentlemen in the University in 1868, the first lady graduate being Miss Margaret Boyd, in the class of 1873. THE BEAUTIFUL LOCATION of the University can. not fail to excite the admiration of all lovers of natural scenery. The winding valley of the Hocking and the wooded hills beyond, together with the asylum building across the wide bottom on the opposite hill, with its lakes and improved grounds in front, all make a series of landscape views seldom surpassed in quiet and varied beauty. The immediate site of the University buildings is unusually charming even for this region of rural beauty. The campus is an enclosed square of ten acres, higher than the adjacent portions of the surrounding town and sloping gently from the center. The buildings, grouped nearly in the center of this extended lawn, are partially hidden from a front view by the growth of forest trees, except the tower of the main building, which lifts its head high above and overlooks all. The entire grounds are carpeted with a fine growth of grass, are laid out with improved walks, and the north half covered with tall forest trees evenly distributed, and skirted along the lower edge by a row of magnificent elms. THE COLLEGE BUILDINGS are four in number. The main building was erected in 1817, and is the oldest college edifice, as the University itself is the oldest institution of learning, northwest of the Ohio River. This venerable structure, made dear to many by a thousand strong and tender associations, and to many more by the names of eminent men who have studied or taught within its walls, has recently been remodeled, and while retaining the same general proportions, is, to all intents, a new building. It is admirably planned and well finished. With its slate roof and massive cornice, its lengthened windows and handsome colors, its convenient arrangement and HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 277 pleasant appointments, it will compare favorably, in appearance and in adaptation to its purpose, with most college buildings in the West. The two wing buildings, erected in 1836, contain the dormitories, and will accommodate about sixty students. The west wing contains also the preparatory recitation-room, three music-rooms, and one large room which is at present used as a chapel. On the completion of the new chapel, however, the last-named room will be devoted to other purposes. The new building stands on an eminence at the western side of the campus. In design it is unique and elegant; the material is brick with cut-stone trimmings. Its dimensions are forty feet in width by seventy-six feet in length, and two stories in height. It has two fronts, one on the west toward Court street, which is the principal street of the town, and one on the east toward the main building. The first floor contains the chapel or assembly-hall, two corridors and stairways, and a waiting-room. The second floor contains two society-halls, with a committee-room attached to each. The University comprises only a literary department, which offers two courses, the classical and philosophical. The quality of work done is equal to the best institutions in the West. The usual degrees are given. The University library, in connection with those of the two literary societies, is one of the best in the State. Connected with it is a large reading-room, supplied with standard newspapers and periodicals, which is open daily to the students. The long roll of graduates from this institution contains many who have achieved more than a local fame, and nearly all have in their several walks of life reflected credit upon their alma mater. With the recent improvements and additions in buildings, apparatus and library, for which liberal appropriations were made by the State, and the recent re-organization and enlargement of the faculty, it is generally believed that the University is about to enter upon a new, prosperous and more useful career than it has ever before known. Following are brief sketches of the first preceptor and the subsequent presidents of the Ohio University: JACOB LINDLEY. Mr. Lindley, the Preceptor, was born in Pennsylvania, June 13, 1774, graduated at Princeton in 1798, and was appointed a 278 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY. Trustee of the Ohio University in 1$05. From 1808 to 1822 he was President of the Board, and Preceptor of the Academy; from 1822 to 1824, Professor of Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy; from 1824 to 1826, Professor of Mathematics. His connection with the Board of Trustees continued till 1838, when it was dissolved by reason of his removal to the State of Mississippi. He died in 1857. REV. JAMES IRVINE, A. M., the first President of the Ohio University, was born in Washington County, New York. Immediately after his graduation at Union College, he was elected Professor of Mathematics in the University, in 1831; and in the following year became the President. Owing to ill-health, he was the next spring allowed leave of absence and never returned to his post. REV. ROBERT G. WILSON, D. D., a native of North Carolina, was born Dec. 30, 1768. graduated at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa., and, after studying theology, was ordained to preach May 22, 1794. He spent the first ten or eleven years of his ministry in Abbeville District, S. C.; removed thence, in 1805, to Chillicothe, 0., where he was for nineteen years Pastor of the Presbyterian church. In 1824 he was elected President of the Ohio University, and during the next fourteen years administered its affairs with ability and success. In 1838, at the age of seventy, he resigned his position. He died April 17, 1851. REV. WILLIAM HOLMES MCGUFFEY, D. D., LL. D. was born in Washington County, Penn., Sept. 23, 1800. When he was but a child his parents removed to Trumbull County, Ohio. He prepared himself and entered Washington College, Pennsylvania. In March, 1826, he was elected Professor of Ancient Languages in Miami University, Ohio, and in 1832 he was transferred to the chair of Mental Philosophy. In 1836 he was chosen President of Cincinnati College and in 1839, President of the Ohio University, which position he retained until 1843, when he returned to Cincinnati. In 1845 he was chosen Professor of Mental Philosophy in the University of Virginia, where he continued until his death, May 4, 1873. HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 279 REV. ALFRED RYORS, D. D. Rev. Alfred Ryors, D. D., was born in Philadelphia, June 28, 1812. Being left an orphan at a very early age, he was received into the family and select school of Rev. Robert Steel, D. D., at Abington, Pa. He graduated at Jefferson College, Pa., in 1835, and in May, 1836, he. was elected Professor of Mathematics in the Ohio University where he remained till 1844. In that year he was called to the same chair in Indiana State University. In 1848 he was elected President of the Ohio University, and filled the office for four years. REV. SOLOMON HOWARD, D. D., LL. D., was born in Cincinnati, Nov. 11, 1811. At twenty-two he graduated at Augusta College, Kentucky. He was elected to a professorship in St. Charles College, Mo. He entered the Ohio Conference of the M. E. church in 1835; was elected Principal of the Preparatory Department of the Ohio Wesleyan University in 1843, and Principal of Springfield High School in 1845. On leaving this position he became President of Springfield Female College; and in 1852 was elected President of the Ohio University. He retained this office till 1872, when, on account of ill-health, he resigned. He died at San Jose, Cal., June 9, 1873. WM. H. SCOTT was born at Chauncey, Ohio, Sept. 14, 1840. He entered the Ohio University as a student in 1859, graduating in 1862. Was Superintendent of the public schools of Athens from 1862 to 1864, and Principal of the Preparatory Department of the Ohio University from 1864 to 1865. He joined the Ohio Conference of the M. E. church in September, 1864; was Pastor of Main Street Church, Chillicothe, Ohio, from 1865 to 1867, and of Town Street Church, Columbus, Ohio, from 1867 to 1869. He was elected Professor of Greek in the Ohio University in 1869; served in that position three years. He was acting President of the University for 1872-'3 and elected President of the same in 1873, still retaining that position. PRESIDENTS OF THE FACULTY. Rev. James Irvine, A. M., 1822-1824; Rev. Robert G. Wilson, D. D., 1824-1839; Rev. William H. McGuffey, D. D., LL. D., 1839- 280 - HISTORY OF HOOKING VALLEY. 1843; Rev. Alfred Ryors, D. D., 1848-1852; Rev. Solomon Howard, D. D., LL. D., 1852-1872; Rev. William H. Scott, A. M., (acting) 1872-1873; Rev. William H. Scott, A. M., 1873. PROFESSORS OF ANCIENT LANGUAGES. Joseph Dana, A. M., 1818-1819; Rev. John B. Whittlesey, A. M., 1819-1821; Joseph Dana, A. M., 1822-1835; Daniel Read, A. M., 1836-1838; Daniel Read, A. M., Latin and Political Economy, 1838-1843; Rev. Elisha Ballentine, A. M., Greek, 1838-1840; Rev-John M. Stephenson, A.M.,Greek, 1840-1842; James Irwin Kuhn' A. M., Greek, 1842-1844; Rev. Aaron Williams, D. D., 1844-1853; Rev. Addison Ballard, A. M., Latin, 1848-1852; Rev. E. E. E. Bragdon, A. M., 1853-1854; Rev. Clinton W. Sears, A. M., 18541855; Rev. John M. Leavitt, A. M., 1855-1857; Rev. Robert Allyn, A. M., 1857-1859; William H. Young, A. M., 1859-1869; Rev. William H. Scott, A. M., Greek, 1869-1872; Rev. Augustine C. Hirst, A. M., Latin, 1869-1870; Rev. John L. Hatfield, A. M., Latin, 1870-1882; Charles W. Super, A. M., Ph. D., Greek, 1879; David J. Evans, A. M., Latin, 1882. PROFESSORS OF MATHEMATICS. Rev. James Irvine, A. M., President, 1821-1824; Rev. Jacob Lindley, A. M., 1824-1826; William Wall, A. M., 1827-1836; Rev. Alfred Ryors, A. M., 1836-1844; Rev. Lorenzo Dow Mc. Cabe, A. M., 1844-1845; Rev. William J. Hoge, A. M., Rhetoric, 1848-1851; They. Addison Ballard, A. M., 1852-1854; Rev. John M. Leavitt, A. M., 1854-1855; William H. Young, A. M., 18551859; Eli T. Tappan, A. M., 1859-1860; Rev. Richard A. Arthur, A.M., 1861-1864; Eli T. Tappan, A. M., 1864-1868; William H. G. Adney, A. M., 1869-1872; Rev. Daniel M. Blair, A. M., pro tempore, 1872-1873; Russell S. Devol, A. M., 1873. PROFESSORS OF MORAL AND MENTAL SCIENCE. Rev. Jacob Lindley, A. M., 1822-1824; Rev. Robert G. Wilson, D. D., President, 1824-1839; Rev. William H. McG uffey, D. D., LL. D., President, 1839-1843; Rev. Alfred Ryors, A. M., President, 1848-1852; Rev. Solomon Howard, D. D., LL.D., President, 1857-1872; Rev. William H. Scott, A. M., President, 1873. HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 281 PROFESSORS OF NATURAL SCIENCE. Rev. Samuel D. Hoge, A. M., 1826, died 1826; Thomas M. Drake, M. D., 1827-1834; Rev. Frederick Merrick, A. M., 18381842; William W. Mather, A. M., 1842-1850; Rev. Joseph S. Tomlinson, D. D., 1851-1852; Rev. James G. Blair, M. D., D. D., 1852-1864; Rev. Alexander S. Gibbons, A. M., .M. D., 1864-1872; William H. G. Adney, A. M., 1872-1873; J. McC. Martin, A. M., 1873-1882; Carl Leo Mees, M. D., 1882. PROFESSORS OF HISTORY AND ENGLISH LITERATURE. Rev. Randolph Stone, A. M., 1838-1839; Rev. Wells Andrews, A. M., 1840-1842; Cynthia U. Weld, 1882. PRECEPTORS AND PRINCIPALS OF THE PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT. Rev. Jacob Lindley, Preceptor, 1809-1822; Henry D. Ward, A. M., Preceptor, 1822-1824; A. G. Brown, A. M., Preceptor, 18241825; Daniel Read, A. B., Preceptor, 1825-1836; Rev. Wells Andrews, A. M., Preceptor, 1837-1840; Rev. Amos Miller, A. M., Principal, 1844-1845; Rev. Aaron Williams, A. M., Principal' 1845-1847; Rev. O. M. Spencer, A. M., Principal, 1851-1852; Rev. James F. Given, A. M., Principal, 1852-1854; W. H. Young, A. B., Principal, 1854-1855; Francis Brown, A. B., Principal, 1855-1859; Hugh Boyd, A. B., Tutor in Mathematics, 1859-1860; Edward H. Guthrie, A. M., Tutor in Language, Principal, 1859-1863; Rev. William H. Scott, A. B., Principal, 1863-1865; William H. G. Adney, A. M., Principal, 1865-1868; Rev. John M. Davis, A. B., Principal, 1872-1874; Rev. John A. White, A. B., Principal, 1874-1877; George B. Coler, Principal, 1881-1882; L. W. Sheppard, Principal, 1882. Trustees.—Elijah Backus, Marietta, 1804-1806; General Rufus Putnam, Marietta, 1804, died 1824; Hon. Dudley Woodbridge, Marietta, 1804, died 1823; Hon. Benjamin Tappan, Steubenville, 1804-1808; Bezaleel Wells, Steubenville, 1804-1808; General Nathaniel Massie, Chillicothe, 1804-1808; Hon. Daniel Symmes, Cincinnati, 1804-1808; Rev. Daniel Story, Marietta, 1804, died 1804; Samuel Carpenter, Lancaster, 1804, died 1821; Rev. James Kilbourne, Worthington, 1804-1820; Griffith Green, Marietta, 18041808; Joseph Darlington, West Union, 1804-1815; Hon. William Creighton, Jr., Chillicothe, 1805-1808; General Joseph Buell, Mari- 282 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY. etta, 1805, died 1812; Benjamin Tupper, Zanesville, 1805, died 1814; Rev. Jacob Lindley, Waterford, 1805-1838; Michael Baldwin, Chillicothe, 1805-1809; Rev. Stephen Lindsley, Marietta, 1806-1826; William Skinner, Marietta, 1806, died 1840; Dr. Eliphaz Perkins, Athens, 1806-1819; Hon. Sylvanus Ames, Athens, 1808, died 1823; Hon. Jehiel Gregory, Athens, 1808-1812; Hon. Abel Miller, Athens, 1808-1825; Dr. Leonard Jewett, Athens, 1808-1813; Moses Hewett, Athens, 1808, died 1814; Rev. Robert G. Wilson, Chillicothe, 1809-1819, Hon. Jesup N. Couch, Chilli. cothe, 1809, died 1821; Major J. P. R. Bureau, Gallipolis, 18091812; Hon. Elijah Hatch, Athens County, 1809, died 1849; Henry Abrams, Lancaster, 1809-1814; Dr. Samuel P. Hildreth, Marietta, 1812-1819; Seth Adams, Zanesville, 1812-1838; Hon. William Wilson, Newark, 1813-1819; John Lawrence Lewis,Washington County, 1815-1819, Joseph Wood, Washington County, 1815-1838; Rev. James Culbertson, Zanesville, 1815, died 1847; Hon. Charles R. Sherman, Lancaster, 1815-1833; Hon. Edwin Putnam, Putnam, 1820 -1889; Hon. Ephraim Cutler, Marietta, 1820-1849; Hon. Thomas Scott, Chillicothe, 1820-1838; Hon. Robert Linzee, Athens, 1820-1839; Hon. Alexander Harper, Zanesville, 1821-1839; Hon. Return J. Meigs, Marietta, 1822, died 1825; Hon. Levi Barber, Marietta, 1822, died 1833; William Rufus Putnam, Marietta, 1823-1843; Rev. James Hoge, D.D., Columbus, 1823-1852; Hon. Thomas Ewing, Lancaster, 1824-1832; Rev. David Young, Zanesville, 1825-1849; Rev. Dudley Woodbridge, Jr., Marietta, 1825- 1833 ; Hon. Calvary Morris, Athens, 1825-1848; Hon. Lewis Summers, Virginia, 1829, died 1843; Hon. John L. Frye, Virginia, 1829-1839; General James T. Worthington, Chillicothe, 18301846; Rev. James McAboy, 1831, died 1833; Rev. Amos Miller, Athens County, 1832; Dr. A. V. Medbury, Athens County, 1834- 1839 ;William B. Hubbard, Columbus, 1834, died 1865; General Samuel F. MacCracken, Lancaster, 1834, died 1857; Hon. Nathaniel C. Reed, Cincinnati, 1840-1845; Hon. John Brough, Columbus, 1840-1843; Hon. William Medill, Lancaster, 1840-1847; Hon. A. G. Brown, Athens, 1841; Rev. James M. Brown, Virginia, 18421859; Hon. John H. Keith, Chillicothe, 1844, died 1875; Hon. V. B. Horton, Pomeroy, 1844; Joseph Olds, Circleville, 1844-1846; Rev. William Aiken, McConnelsville, 1846-1866; Rev. William Cox, Lancaster, 1846-1856; William H. Trimble, Hillsboro, 18461849; Benjamin F. Hickman, Somerset, 1847-1849; Hon. Samuel F. Vinton, Gallipolis, 1848-1859; Hon. John Welch, Athens, 1848; HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 283 Hon. Wm. P. Cutler, Chillicothe, 1849-1853; Hon. Leonidas Jewett, Athens, 1849-1881; Joseph M. Dana, Athens, 1851, died, 1881; Hon. Samuel B. Pruden, Athens County, 1851, died 1862; Dr. M. Z. Kreider, Lancaster, 1851, died 1855; Hon. Robert Wright, Logan, 1852; Horace Wilson, Columbus, 1853; Hon. John E. Hanna, McConnelsville, 1854; Rev. Wrn. T. Hand, Marietta, 1854, died 1860; Hon. John McLean, LL. D., Cincinnati, 1856, died 1861; Hon. George M. Woodbridge, Marietta, 1857; Hon. Calvary Morris, Athens, 1859, died 1871; Rev. J. M. Trimble, D. D.. Columbus, 1860-1876; Rev. B. N. Spahr, Columbus, 1861-1877; Rev. J. M. Leavitt , New York, 1861-1864; Hon. E. H. Moore, Athens, 1861; Wm. Waddle, M. D., Chillicothe, 1864; Hon. H. S. Bundy, Jackson, 1864; Hon. W. P. Johnson, M. D., Philadelphia, 1866; Hon. Bellamy Storer, Cincinnati, 1866, died 1875; Hon. R. De Steiguer, Athens, 1871; Hon. Thomas Ewing, Lancaster, 1875; Hon. G. W. Boyce, Cincinnati, 1875; Hon. W. W. Johnson, Ironton, 1876; Hon. John Hancock, Dayton, 1877; Hon. James W. Bannon, Portsmouth, 1881; Hon. Perry Wiles, Zanesville, 1882. Presidents.—Governor Edward Tiffin, ex-officio, 1804-1806; General Joseph Buel, 1806-1808 ; Rev. Jacob Lindley, A. M. ,1808-1822 ; Rev. James Irvine, A. M., ex-officio,1822-1824; Rev. Robert G. Wilson, D. D., ex-officio, 1824-1839; Rev. Wm. H. McGuffey, D. D., LL. D., ex-officio, 1839-1843; Hon. Calvary Morris, 1845-1847; Rev. Alfred Ryors, D. D., ex-officio, 1848-1852; Rev. Solomon Howard, D. D., LL. D., ex-officio, 1852-1872; Rev. William H. Scott, A, M., a-officio, 1873. Secretaries.—Hon. !Dudley Woodbridge, 1804-1808; Henry Bartlett, 1808-1841; A. G. Brown, 1841-1853; Horace Wilson, 1853-1857; J. M. Dana, 1857-1881; R. De Steiguer, 1881. Treasurers.—Eliphaz Perkins, M. D., 1804-1807; Leonard Jewett, M. D., 1807-1808; Joseph B. Miles, 1808-1814; Hon. Ebenezer Currier,1814-1824; General John Brown, 1824-1875; Hon. E. H. Moore, 1875. Auditors.—Henry Bartlett, 1813-1850; Wm. H. Bartlett, 1850, died 1855; Hon. Calvary Morris, 1855, died 1871; J. M. Dana, 1871-1881; L. M. Jewett, 1881. CHAPTER XIII. INCIDENTS OF TWENTY YEARS—A GROUPING OF FACTS AND A BUSINESS STATEMENT. INSANE ASYLUM-ITS GENERAL HISTORY-A BARBECUE-LIGHT GUARDS -CITY HALL-TEMPERANCE MOVEMENTS —FROM 1829 TO 1883—A CHALLENGE-THE WHISKY INSURRECTION, 1861—LYNCHING AT ATHENS-JUDGE LYNCH DECIDES TO HANG A MURDERER, AND IT IS DONE-ATHENS'S BUSINESS INTERESTS -SOME GENERAL REMARKS - BUSINESS HOUSES AND ENTERPRISES-BANKSGAS LIGHT COMPANY-TELEGRAPH-OFFICERS OF ATHENS, 1825-1883. ATHENS ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE. Through the efforts of Dr. W. P. Johnson, Representative from Athens County, and other citizens, the State Legislature passed an act which was approved April 13, 1867, providing for the erection of an additional lunatic asylum. It directed the appointment by the Governor of three trustees, to select and purchase, or receive by gift or donation, a lot of land, not less than fifty nor more than 100 acres, suitably located for the erection of an asylum to contain 400 patients. W. E. Davis, of Cincinnati, D. E. Gardner, of Toledo, and Dr. C. MeDermont, of Dayton, were appointed Trustees; a vacancy occurring in .this committee, through the death of Dr. McDermont, E. H. Moore, of Athens, was appointed in his place. There were various competing points, and for some time the contest was sharp and close; but Athens finally secured the asylum. To carry the point, the citizens purchased and made a gift to the State of 150 acres of land, lying south of the town, known as the Coates farm. It is a magnificent site, overlooking the Hocking Valley, and presenting a fine view of the city on the opposite hill. The location was fixed by the trustees in August, 1867, and contracts let for the various parts of the work. About 18,500;000 bricks were used in its construction, all of which were made on the ground. - (284) - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 285 The corner-stone of the asylum was laid on Thursday, Nov. 5, 1868. The day was delightful, and the people came pouring into Athens until the streets were thronged with those who had come to witness the event. The ceremonies were conducted by the Masonic order, not less than 1,000 members of the order, from various parts of the State, being present to participate in the exercises. The people of Athens had made every preparation for the reception, and a cordial and generous welcome was given to all. The procession formed at two o'clock, on Washington street, in the following order, and marched to the asylum grounds: 1st, Athens Brass Band; 2d, Choirs of the Methodist, Episcopal, and Presbyterian churches; 3d, Masons; 4th, Judges, mayor, members of town council, magistrates, county otficers, etc.; 5th, Citizens on foot; 6th, Citizens in carriages; 7th, Citizens on horseback. This procession was imposing in the extreme. General D. W. H. Day acted as Grand Marshal. Having arrived at the asylum grounds, the exercises of laying the corner-stone were performed by Howard Mathews, the Grand Master of the order in Ohio, assisted by the grand officers carrying the emblems of corn, wine and oil. Both vocal and instrumental music by the Athens Brass Band and the united choirs of the Methodist, Episcopal and Presbyterian churches added much to the pleasure of the occasion, while deep interest was manifested in the ceremonies as conducted by the Grand Lodge. The Grand Treasurer made the following deposits in the corner-stone: Holy Bible; Constitution of Ohio and of all the States of the Union; names of members of the Fitty-eighth General Assembly of Ohio; names of State officers of Ohio; proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Ohio for 1867; laws of Ohio, 1867; programme of this day's proceedings; roll of members of Paramuthia Lodge, No. 25; one copy of daily Cincinnati Commercial; one copy of daily Cincinnati Gazette; one copy of daily Cincinnati Chronicle; one copy of weekly Enquirer; one copy of Athens _Messenger; specimens of coins of the United States; a list of grand officers of Ohio Masons. After the ceremonies at the asylum, the procession moved to Athenaeum Hall, where Past Grand Master Thrall delivered the oration. It was a beautiful and scholarly production, and was listened to with great attention. The asylum was completed and furnished for the reception of patients Jan. 1, 1874. The building was 853 feet in length in a straight line, and it is 4,072 feet around it. It is divided into an administration building, with two wings for patients at the sides, 286 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY. and a series of buildings extending from it in the rear, for domestic and other purposes. The administration building is four stories in height, and comprises a front and rear divisions. The first includes, on the first floor, an entrance hall sixteen feet wide by fifty-five long, on each side of which are the offices of the superintendent, assistant physicians and steward, a general reception room for visitors, and the large stairways to the stories above. The second story of this division contains the apartments of the superintendent. The third and fourth stories comprise similar rooms for the other officers of the institution. In the rear division of the administration building, a central hall twelve feet wide leads from the front to the rear, on either side of which are the passages to the patients' wards. In the basement of this division are placed the kitchens, sculleries and other domestic rooms for the general household, and beneath these are cellars. On the first floor are the dining-room and kitchen of the officers, reception-rooms for friends of patients, and general store-rooms. On the second floor the central hall leads to the amusement room, 66 x 42 feet, and twenty-eight feet in height, occupying both second and third stories. Above this room, in the fourth story, is a room of similar size, sixteen feet high, designed for religious services. Besides these rooms, there are on each side of these stories two rooms for reading, sewing and other purposes, and on every floor bath-rooms. On either side of the administration building in the wings are the wards for patients. Each wing is of three stories high, except at the end, where a fourth story is placed over a part of the third section. Each wing is divided into three sections, connected together, but receding in succession. Thus ten wards are made on each side, providing for the classification to that extent of each sex. Each ward contains a central corridor, fifteen feet wide, with the rooms opening into it on each side. In the center of the front part of each ward is the parlor, a handsome room 24 x 16, with bay window. A dining-room and associate dormitories, bathrooms, lavatory and water-closets are attached to every ward. An iron stairway leads in every section from basement to attic, and communicates with each floor therein. The single bed-rooms are about 9 x 11 feet, and vary in height from twelve to fifteen feet. The associate dormitories vary in size from 10 x 20 to 20 x 20 feet. Under the wings is a basement connecting with the kitchens and basement of the administration building, in which is a railway for HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 287 the conveyance of food to the dumb-waiters of the dining-rooms of each ward, and the chambers for the steam coils and pipes connecting them to heat the wards above. In the rear of the administration building are the laundry and boiler-house. The connecting building contains a long corridor continuous with the central hall of the main edifice, having on one side eight rooms for domestic or other purposes. In the basement is a similar corridor, and also a passage for steam pipes, etc. Below this is the air duct for supplying air to steam coils of main building. The laundry building has two stories and a basement, in the center of which is situated the water-tower, sixty-eight feet high, containing four large iron tanks, capable of holding 8,000 gallons of water. Still further in the rear is the boiler-house, in which are located the six boilers for heating purposes, the entire building being heated by steam. The asylum contains 544 rooms at present. The original cost of the building was about a halt million dollars, but the present needs of the county call for an addition that will probably cost $100,000. The visitor to the asylum cannot fail to be favorably impressed at the humane methods used in the treatment of the unfortunates and at the absence of prison-like surroundings. But few patients\ require seclusion, and these only at times. This, too, is the only form of mechanical restraint in use. Patients are encouraged, and in many cases required to take out-door exercise. In the last report of the able and efficient Superintendent, Dr. A. B. Richardson, it is stated that the daily average for some months of those who were given out-door walks, equaled half the number of patients in the asylum; and, as a rule, on every suitable day, scarcely a dozen males fail to get some form of out-door exercise. The reports show that at least one fourth of the whole number of patients, or an average of over 150, have been allowed the privilege of the grounds unattended. This exhibition of confidence in the integrity of the patients is found to operate well. It does much to remove the feeling of imprisonment which is often so de: pressing in its influence. The instances of misplaced confidence have been infrequent. During the past year, out of a total of over 250 persons who were accorded special privileges, but sixteen attempted to escape, and in not one of these cases did any bad results follow. Regular weekly religious services are held in the chapel, and opportunities are afforded the patients for social enjoyment Thursday evening of each week in the amusement hall. The health of 288 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY. the patients is remarkably good, the death-rate being from two to three per month, out of a total number of 631 patients on the average at the asylum. OFFICERS, 1880. H. M. Horton, Pomeroy, President., John E. Hanna, McConnelsville, S. W. Pickering, Athens, George W. Boerstler, M. D., Lancaster, Theo. F. Davis,' Marietta, Trustees; A. B. Richardson, M. D., Superintendent; E. P. Cook, M. D., Asst. Physician; B. W. Pickering, M. D., Asst. Physician; Robt. E. Hamblin, Steward; S. C. Adams, Store-Keeper; Mrs. J. D. Richardson, Matron. UNION SOLDIERS' BARBECUE. One of the greatest days Athens ever saw was the 30th of Augnst, 1866, when a grand barbecue was held, by the ex-soldiers and citizens of Athens County. The barbecue had its origin in a desire to cement more firmly the relations existing between the citizens and survivors of the gallant band who for so long a time breasted the storm of battle for love of country. The day was propitious, and the town of Athens, the streets having been cleaned, never appeared in a neater dress. The streets were thoroughly policed from end to end. A train of ten cars came from the West and .two loaded trains from the East, bringing over 3,000 persons. But from every wagon-road came, not here and there a wagon, but a grand unorganized series of processions which had been formed spontaneously on the main thoroughfares from all the smaller roads and paths, and finally culminated in the grand throng, which filled every nook and corner of the town. Some 15,000 people came into Athens that day. The decorations were a leading feature. They were planned by the ladies with great taste and skill, and they with their own hands did most of the labor. Banners and streamers spanned the streets at all the principal corners, while an ingenious and beautiful arch from the court-house yard to the block opposite was the admiration of all. A rope was the main support of the arch, while smaller ropes beautifully decorated with evergreens formed the principal ornamentations. The likenesses of Generals Grant and Sherman and the mottoes " The Nation Honors her Defenders," and " Welcome, Brave Men," occupied a place in the center. Nearly every place in town was decorated, some of them on a magnificent scale. HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 289 The dinner was served on the college green, and was a great success. Vast as was the hungry throng, there was enough for all to eat. A good idea of the amount of edibles required can be obtained by perusing a few figures showing the amount of the contributions from one or two places. Athens Township gave 138 pounds of bread, 26 pounds of butter, 280 pounds of mutton, 60 pounds of cheese, 26 chickens, 50 dozen pickles, 21 large cakes, 7 dozen tarts, 28 dozen small cakes, 167 pies and $600 in cash. About $200 of this sum was invested in bread. Lodi Township brought 300 pounds of bread, 400 pounds of beef, 60 pounds of mutton, 20 chickens, 55 pounds of butter, 60 pounds ot cheese, 25 pies and 50 small cakes. Alexander Township gave 44 pies, 17 chickens, 9 dozen small cakes, 15 large cakes, 250 pounds of mutton, 71 pounds bread, 20 dozen pickles, 6 pounds of butter, 1 turkey, 1 peck pop-corn, 1 cheese and $10 in cash. Rome, Ames, Lee, Dover and other townships all furnished their quota of provisions. Eloquent and interesting speeches were made by Governor Dennison, W. H. Gibson, Hon. T. A. Plants, Colonel W. B. Stokes (of Tennessee), Colonel T. B. Pond, and Hon. Mr. Bundy (ot Jackson). The barbecue was pronounced a grand success, and reflected credit on all concerned. ATHENIAN LIGHT GUARDS. This military organization, the only one worthy of mention in Athens since the war, was formed in the spring of 1878, with L. P. Harper, Captain; John P. Dana, First Lieutenant, and H. B. Stewart, Second Lieutenant. Three months after the organization, Captain Harper was elected Colonel and John P. Dana was elected Captain; H. B. Stewart, First Lieutenant, and AV. F. Scott, Second Lieutenant. In 1879 Captain Dana was appointed Quartermaster of the Eighteenth Regiment, 0. N. G., and H. B. Stewart was elected Captain; W. F. Scott, First Lieutenant, and Chas. W. Potter, Second Lieutenant. In 1881 Stewart and Potter resigned when W. F. Scott was elected Captain; C. W. Harris, First Lieutenant, and H. T. Hoyt, Second Lieutenant. The first year of the company's existence it was a detached company. The second year it was made Company C, of the Eighteenth Regiment, 0. N. G., and remained so until the following year when the Eighteenth and Second Regiments were consolidated and continued under the name of the Second Regiment, of which the A. L. G. still formed Company C. The - 19 - 290 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY. company averaged about forty-five members, were well uniformed, and armed by the State with breech-loading rifles. The company's band, also organized from Athens, was in 1879 detailed as a regimental band, at which time it was enlarged to about twenty-five pieces, being an unusually fine military band, of which A. B. Lowry was leader. The company went into camp each year of its existence at Marietta in 1878 and 1879; at Cambridge in 1880, and at Barnesville in 1881. It was a well-drilled company, being above the average in proficiency. Among the evidences of the appreciation in which it was held by the public was the presentation of a fine silk banner in 1878 by the ladies of Athens. CITY HALL. The construction of the fine town hall of Athens was begun in the summer of 1874, Henry O'Bleness being the contracting architect. The following extracts from the plans are given: " Frontage on Washington street, fifty-four feet; depth, 104 feet; height, two stories; first story thirteen feet in the clear, second story, twenty-five feet. A corridor thirteen feet in width extends through the building, on each side of which corridor are three apartments suitable for otfices, with large closets attached." The postoffice is located in two of the east rooms. Two broad flights of stairs as. tend from the front entrance to the second story, and one staircase ascends from the rear of the building to the rear of the stage. These latter stairs are designed for private use. The entire height of the structure to the top of the cupola, in which latter is a fine town clock, with four faces, is 102 feet. The hall on the second floor, designed for public occasions, is fifty-one feet wide, seventy feet in length, and twenty-five feet in height. The stage is 16 x 26 feet,with a private apartment 12 x 14 on each side. The seating capacity of the hall is from 500 to 600. The corner-stone was laid Monday, Aug. 24, 1874, with imposing ceremonies by the Masonic order, witnessed by a large concourse of people both from home and abroad. The following articles were deposited within the stone: One copy each of the Cincinnati Commercial, Gazette, Times and Enquirer; the Athens Messenger and Journal, the Nelsonville Miner; the Prohibition Era, Western Christian Advocate, Masonic Review and Wooster Republican; specimens of the several denominations of fractional currency; a one dollar note on the State Bank of HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 291 Ohio, Athens Branch; a two dollar U. S. note and silver half dollar of 1874 ; roll of otficers of the Athens Masonic bodies and of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, and municipal officers of Athens. This hall was completed in the spring of 1875, and opened formally June 8. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT. The warfare between King Alcohol and the friends of temperance has been waged constantly for forty years with varying success. A detailed history of the temperance work will not be attempted here, but it is deemed fitting to notice some of the prin cipal agitations. The first temperance movement of record is found in a sermon preached on that subject by the Rev. Robert G. Wilson, Jan. 22, 1829. This sermon was published in full in the Athens _Mirror of that date. A society was formed, of which Dr. Wilson was President, the Rev. John Spaulding, Vice-President, and Prof. Joseph Dana Secretary, and a pledge was kept at the _Mirror office for signatures The movement ::shed with great earnestness and success by the good men who inaugurated it, and doubtless there was sufficient need of reform. Some of the seed sown fell on good ground in Ames Township, and blossomed forth into the following unique advertisement, which appeared in the Mirror of April 25, 1829: " A CHALLENGE. " ATTENTION GROG DRINKERS !! " SAMUEL L. MOHLER, of Ames Township, having been for sixteen years in the constant habit of drinking, and getting drunk on an average as often as once a month, has resolved to refrain entirely from the practice in future; and as a test of his sincerity, he offers to pledge the new wood work to- a good wagon against any property of equal value that he will refrain from drinking ardent spirits longer than any other man who has been in the habit an equal or half the length of time ; provided both live to make the trial. Any person disposed to take him up can give notice to that effect. "April 10, 1829." Whether this interesting challenge was ever accepted or not is not known. 292 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY. The Washingtonian movement, which started in the East about the year 1848, became very popular throughout Athens County. In July, 1848, there were seven of this order organized and at work in this county, as follows : Philos Adelphos Division, No. 129, located at Athens; McArthurstown Division, No. 210, at McArthur, now Vinton County ; Amesville Division, No. 277, at Amesville; Hebbardsville Division, No. 296, at Hebbardsville; Nelsonville Division, No. 445, at Nelsonville; Albany Division, No. 487, at Albany; and Savannah Division, No. 485, at Savannah. " THE CRUSADE." The famous temperance " crusade " produced much excitement in Athens. The initial step here was a meeting held in the Pres. byterian church Feb. 6, 1874, when a " Woman's Temperance League " was organized. Mrs. Angie C. Brown was elected President, Mrs. James L. Ballard and Mrs. Lewis Steenrod, Vice-Presidents, and Mrs. Angele C. Davis, Secretary. Daily prayer-meetings were held for some time. A number of pledges were prepared and circulated. The first was a pledge for the members, declaring lasting warfare on all kinds of liquor dealing. A pledge of total abstinence was signed by many citizens, binding for one year, and another binding for life. Still another pledge for the citizens was one promising aid and sympathy to the women in their work. The " property-holders' pledge" promised that the signers would not lease any property for use in connection with the liquor traffic. The physicians' and druggists' pledges promised not to prescribe or sell liquor for medicine except when absolutely necessary. Most of these pledges were liberally signed. Tuesday, Feb. 10, a meeting was held in the Methodist church, when a call was made for volunteers to go upon the street and personally appeal to the druggists and saloonkeepers. Two thirds of the ladies present volunteered for this duty, and the rest of the ladies with a number of gentlemen remained in the church to pray. The crusaders went forth to visit the places where liquors were sold in the town, and, by singing and praying, endeavored to induce the proprietors to give up their business. All such places were visited, but the object in view was attained only with a few. Various promises were secured, but when the excitement subsided the town was but little better off in this respect than before.' Nelsonville and other places in the county had a similar experience. HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 293 MURPHY MOVEMENT. The well known " Murphy movement" of 1877 reached Athens May 9, of that year. A series of meetings was held, beginning with that date, which almost carried Athens by storm. In ten days 1,000 signatures to the pledge were received. The meetings were attended by immense crowds. These meetings were held in the city hall, except a mass meeting on the college green, held on Saturday, May 19. Much good was doubtless effected by these meetings, but still the enthusiasm was comparatively short lived. Meetings were for a time held almost constantly all over the county, and several thousand persons were pledged to total abstinence. WHISKY INSURRECTION. On the last day of the session of the Legislature, in the spring of 1861, a law was passed by an almost, if not quite, unanimous vote, prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors within two miles of any encampment of soldiers, and authorizing the officers of the military, as well as civil officers, under certain circumstances, to destroy the liquor. This law was soon enforced in Athens. On the night of Wednesday, May 22, some of the recruits in Camp Jewett found the means of leaving the camp, and after visiting the grog shops of the town, were prepared to play the soldier on their own account. Mistaking gate posts for rebel otficers, and the pickets for secession armies, they charged upon the foe, and when victory perched upon their banners there were fewer front fences in Athens than before. Of course a stir was created in town, and no less a one in camp. It was soon ascertained where the liquor had been obtained, and a squad of soldiers, with muskets and bayonets, were detailed to " execute the law." And they did execute the law with summary promptness. From shanty to saloon, and from doggery to hotel, the squad marched, and in their trail flowed, if not blood, streams of very bad whisky. This summary execution of a wise law was repeated in a milder manner, Aug. 4, 1861. The Eighteenth Infantry was at that time rendezvousing at Camp Wool, at Athens, for reorganization, under the supervision of Major C. H. Grosvenor. Certain " liquor shanty" proprietors on the outskirts of town were on several occasions ordered not to sell liquor to the soldiers, but this prohibition was persistently disregarded. Accordingly, early on the morning of 294 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY. the date above mentioned, Major Grosvenor appeared on the streets with a squad of soldiers, and accompanied by " Cart" Davis with his horse and dray, proceeded to gather up the whisky from the different places where it was kept for sale. Several loads of whisky were thus captured, and placed under lock and key. LYNCHING IN ATHENS! The greatest event in the criminal history of Athens County was the crime and punishment of Christopher C. Davis, a mulatto, in the fall of 1881. Davis was a farm-hand who had been working in the vicinity of Albany. He had done some work for and was acquainted with a widow, Mrs. Lucinda Luckey by name, a most estimable lady of about fifty-two years of age. Between eight and nine o'clock on Saturday evening, Oct. 29, 1881, Davis went to Mrs. Luckey's house, which was in an isolated situation, and made indecent proposals to her, which were indignantly repelled. She succeeded in inducing him to quit the house, but he returned again at midnight and broke into the house with an ax. Without a word he assaulted the poor woman, who stood near the doorway, wild with terror, striking her in the face and choking her to the floor. It is supposed that he then forcibly outraged her person. After accomplishing this hellish purpose he took the ax to complete his deadly work, and struck her with it about the head several times, fracturing the frontal and parietal bones of the skull, and cutting frightful gashes, portions of the scalp and the integuments of the head being torn completely off. Mrs. Luckey lay unconscious for several hours, but in the early morning managed to make her way to a neighbor's house, and tell her terrible story. She finally recovered. Davis was arrested and taken before the Justice at Albany, who bound him over to court in the sum of $300. He was taken to Athens and imprisoned there. But when the enormity of the crime charged against him became known, there were mutterings and threats of vengeance both loud and deep, which induced Sheriff Warden to remove him to Chillicothe for safe keeling. After a time, when the excitement had apparently subsided, he was brought back to the Athens jail. Between one and two o'clock on the morning of Monday, Nov. 21, 1881, a band of about thirty armed men from the vicinity of Albany and other parts of the county made their appearance in Athens for the purpose of hanging Davis. They were thoroughly HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 295 organized, and used great care in their operations. They stationed guards at the residence of Marshal Scott, at the Brown House, where it was supposed Deputy Sheriff Sands roomed, at the churches and city hall, so that no alarm could be given by the ringing of bells. They then proceeded to the residence of the sheriff, overpowered him, got into the jail, and finding Davis, placed a rope around his neck, and the crowd proceeded to the South Bridge. Davis at first maintained his innocence, but finally contessed. He was given three minutes to pray, and then, the rope being fastened, was cast off the bridge. Watching him till life was extinct, the crowd then quietly dispersed. The testimony before the grand jury,did not show who were the leaders in this summary execution, and no one has ever been brought to justice for complicity in it. In fact, public sympathy was so strong that little effort was made to investigate the facts. ATHENS BUSINESS INTERESTS. In the business interests of Athens can be seen better than in any other way her actual growth and true progress. For years her growth was slow, her business languishing. This was while she had no outlet to the busy world, but was surrounded by her everlasting hills, which looked down serenely upon the gem which rested so quietly upon the bosom of the valley below. The first impulse or movement which gave life to her sluggish nature, for it was becoming such from long inactivity, was the completion of the Hocking Valley Canal. It was the end of water route, and as such she received much business. She was the shipping point for quite an extensive scope of country, which gave her quite a name as a business point. It did not much, as the census shows, increase the population, but her mercantile class received a wonderful increase to their business, and one they welcomed most heartily. On the completion of the Marietta & Cincinnati Railway, the Hocking Valley and the Ohio Central, she had been placed in a commanding position, and her trade has advanced most rapidly. The isolated town among the hills is assuming a commercial look, and it will not be long before her business interests will be, like her University and Asylum, something that people can point to with pride. IN 1819.. The record of the above year of Athens's business interests shows that she had five general stores, three taverns, and the Ohio Uni- 296 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY. versity, one of the most celebrated seminaries in the State, and the Hocking River. There was also stated that there were five practicing physicians in the county. From that date the town grew, and further arrivals and a more extended business gathered within her limits, but the next record found was after a lapse of nearly a half a century. 1866. It was not until 1866 that another statement was found of the business interests of Athens, and the contrast between that and 1819 is certainly great; while taking the half century that had passed into consideration, the city had nothing whatever to be proud of. A far greater contrast will be found between 1866 and 1883. One other point in this last growth of seventeen years: It has not only grown in the number and variety of its business houses, but the old firms have in many instances trebled and quadrupled their sales. One house in Athens now does a larger business than all in 1819, and has a fair margin over. There can be ten business houses of 1883 selected that would, in amount of their sales, exceed the combined mercantile interests of 1866. It is this business growth which has exceeded the increase of population. The statistics of 1866 are given below: There were 218 dwelling houses, 2 tanneries, 2 grist-mills in operation besides one out of repair, 2 spinning and weaving factories, 2 carding machines, 2 wagon and buggy shops, 4 blacksmith shops, 13 carpenters, 2 coopers, 2 tinshops, 2 hardware stores, 2 drug stores, 2 book and stationery stores, 1 tobacconist, 2 butchers, 4 fresh meat sellers, 2 bakeries, 1 general land agency, 1 planing mill, 3 coal merchants, 2 salt works, 1 company sinking shaft for coal, 3 hotels, 2 barber shops, 1 express company, 1 telegraph office, 5 plasterers, 1 clothing store, 5 dry-goods stores, 2 boot and shoe stores, 2 silversmiths, 5 groceries, 1 huckster shop, 4 saloons, 2 millinery shops, 2 saddle and harness shops, 2 tailor shops, 2 draymen, 2 warehouses, 1 foundry and machine shop, 3 livery stables, 1 stage-coach line, 7 lawyers, 7 doctors, 1 bank, 2 churches (Methodist and Presbyterian), jail and county buildings, 4 passenger and 4 freight trains arriving and departing daily, 1 printing office, 1 fancy sign-painter, 2 house-painters, 2 dentists, 1 university with large and commodious buildings, a large and one of the finest union school-houses in Ohio, and " an old court-house." There have been some changes in Athens since that time, and HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 297 decidedly for the better. The last item of the above was undoubtedly a sore spot to the chronicler, " An old court-house." He seemed to have an utter contempt for the 's old affair," and yet it rang with as much eloquence, and the law had as many great expounders as ever will the new. There are no doubt brainy men at the bar of Athens to-day, but somehow their reputation is not national and they but fill a State and local field. So we will drop a parting tear to the " old court-house," to Tom Ewing and his compeers, before the old love is thrown off for the new. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Adams' Express Company, Frank Falloon, agent; B. F. Addle-man, photograph artist; Robert Arscott, brickmaker; Athens Gas Light Company, J. M. Welch, President, W. H. Harris, Secretary; Athens Water Wheel and Machine Co., D. B. Stewart, President, H. R. Mathias, Secretary; G. W. Baker, general insurance agent; Bank of Athens, games D. Brown, Cashier; First National Bank, A. Norton, President, D. H. Moore, Jr., Cashier; W. D. Bartlett, hardware; Bayard, Ullum & Co., hardware; E.C. Berry, restaurant; E. T. Bingman, musical instruments and sewing machines; Thomas Bradford, barber shop; W. H. Brown & Co., wholesale groceries: T. W. Woodyard, proprietor Brown House; Brown & Koons, attorneys at law; W. R. Calkins & Bro., hardware; Wm. Caven, blacksmith; R. E. Constable, attorney at law; John Cornell, proprietor Cornell House; Jesse Cornell, restaurant; D. C. Cornwell, jewelry and silverware; Cushman Crippen, blacksmith; Dana & Baler, dry goods and clothing; De Steiguer & Jewett, attorneys at law; G. A. Dille, dentist; H. K. Dorr, drugs and medicines, two stores; David Dyson, boots and shoes; David Edgar, brick-maker; J. E. Edmundson, dentist; Falloon & O'Bleness, furniture manufacturers and dealers in lumber and building materials; James Farrell, meat market; F. Fensel, brick-maker and saloon keeper; Frank E. Foster, groceries; W. B. Foster, livery stable; A. B. Frame, physician and surgeon; J. A. Frame, physician and surgeon; James B. Fulton, groceries; Elmer Golden, groceries; G. L. Gorslene, physician and surgeon; Frank Gibbs, barber shop; F. P. Graham, photograph artist; James Grim, livery stable; Grosvenor & Jones, attorneys at law; Henry Hagy, saloon; Isaac Half, furniture; Frederick Heisner, tobacco and cigars; C. B. Henderson, drugs and medicines; the Athens Herald, published by the Herald Company, edited by L. C. Butler; Henry Herrold, flour- 298 - HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY. ing mill; T. J. Herr̊Id & Co., groceries; Judiah Higgins, harness and saddles; C. C. Holmes, bakery and confectionery; The Athens Journal, published and edited by Jennie Jones; P. Kern & Son, boots and shoes; James King, blacksmith; F. M. Koons, grocer and dealer in ;umber and building material; Kurtz & Minear, books, jewelry, stationery and wall paper; Justin Laird & Co., -carriage manufacturers, and dealers in carriages, wagons, farming implements, harness, whips, etc.; E. R. Lash, drugs and medicines; H. M. Lash, physician and surgeon; A. Love, Bakery ; W. F. Mann, saloon ; J. Maxey, gunsmith; C. McLean, jewelry; W. F. Sect:, agent M. & C. R. R. and Express Co. ; Gus. Mensler, meat market; The Athens Messenger, published and edited by C. E. M. Jennings; Mintun & Fuller, groceries; M. P. Murphy, cigars, tobacco and sample room; Henry Nelson, dry goods and clothing; Pickering & Walsh, groceries; S. Pickering, cigar manufactory; T. M. D. Pilcher, furniture; W. H. Potter, restaurant; John Ring, meat market; A. L. Roach & Son, groceries; F. S. & H. M. Roach, Jr., groceries; Harvey M. Roach, grocer ies; R. W. Roach, groceries; F. Roth, tannery; Cyrus Rose, harness and saddles; Ryan & Bell, groceries; Jacob Shaffler, merchant tailor; Chas. P. Shutt, carriage manufactory, dealer in carriages, wagons, etc; Singer Sewing Machine Co., sewing machines and fixtures; Albert Sloan, tobacco, cigars and jewelry; O. B. Sloan, dry goods; Sam. Sommers, dry goods; W. H. Statey, boots and shoes; D. B. Stewart, flouring mill; H. S. Stinson, physician and surgeon; Emmett Tompkins, attorney at law; Townsend & Sleeper, attorneys at law; E. L. Walker, boots and shoes; G. R. Walker, books and stationery; J. IL Walker, undertaker; C. H. Warden & Bros., produce shippers; Granville C. Brown, proprietor Warren House; J. E. Weidman, cigar manufactory; C. S. Welch, attorney at law; Welch & Welch, attorneys at law; Western Union Telegraph Co., Mrs. Ella Guerin. operator; James West, barber shop; John West, barber shop; Mrs. M. C. White, milliner; J. 0. Whipple, groceries; Wilson & Morse, marble works; C. H. Winger, confectioneries, cigars and tobacco; Wood & Wood, attorneys at law; D. Zenner & Co., dry goods and clothing; one new courthouse; one new city ball and postoffice; Ohio University with additional building; an insane asylum; one fine public school building. HISTORY OF HOCKING VALLEY - 299 BANKS. The first bank in Athens, and the first in the Hocking Valley, except at Lancaster, was the Athens branch of the State Bank ot Ohio, established in 1848. For the purpose of forming this bank, a number of citizens met at the court-house May 17 of that year, over which meeting Ezra Stewart presided. Articles of association were adopted and signed by the forty-nine stock-holders. The capital stock was $100,000, divided into 1,000 shares of $100 each. 'This was the minimum amount which the law of 1845 allowed to be used as the capital of a branch of the State Bank. The following nine gentlemen were chosen as the Directors of the bank: John Ballard, John Welch, Ezra Stewart, A. B. Walker, Joseph M. Dana, Leonidas Jewett, Douglas Putnam, Samuel Pickering, and Joseph K. Will. John Welch, of Athens, was elected President; Charles H. Cornwell, previously Teller of a bank at Chillicothe, was chosen Cashier, at a salary of $800; and Enos Samson, Jr., of Athens, was named as Teller, at a salary of $500. The cashier's bcnd was fixed at $20,000, and the teller's at $10,000. The bank was located in a brick building erected by Pickering & Carley, opposite the court-house, and began business in the latter part of July, 1848. John Ballard was chosen President for 1849, and held the office as long as the bank existed as a branch of the State Bank. Mr. Cornwell resigned in December, 1850, and John R. Crawford was chosen Cashier in his place. He remained six years, and was succeeded by L. H. Stewart in 1857. Mr. Stewart's health failing him, he was obliged to leave in 1863, after which time A. G. Brown was the Cashier. The year 1863, in which was passed the law providing for National banks, brought a revolution in banking, and the State banks gave way to the banks of the present day. The First National Bank of Athens was the natural successor of the Athens Branch of the State Bank, and was organized Dec. 29, 1863, with a capital stock of $50,000, divided into 500 shares, the first owners of which were as follows: Noah L. Wilson, of Chillicothe, 62; John Welch, of Athens, 19; John Ballard, of Athens, 110; Eliakim H. Moore, of Athens, 40; Archibald G. Brown, of Athens, 100; Douglas Putnam, of Marietta, 50; Charles B. Hall, of Marietta, 54; David C. Skinner, of Marietta, 50; Milbury M. Greene, of Athens, 15. The Directors first chosen were, N. L. Wilson, John Welch, John Ballard, E. H. Moore, J. C. Skinner, Douglas Putnam, and A. G. Brown. E. H. Moore was elected