HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 525 These accidents resulted usually from falls of slate and rarely have there been more than one man killed at a time. Very few of the mines generate gas, not more than six perhaps in the entire county, and there has never been a mine explosion causing many deaths, as in other fields. The Jackson County miners have been nearly, without exception, of .a higher class than in other fields, many of them born on the farm, and excepting Welshmen, who are superior miners, the great majority have been natives of Ohio. Only once have state troops been asked for in I the Jackson County field. CHAPTER XII TOWNSHIP HISTORY EARLY RECORDS OF JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP-JUSTICES OF THE PEACE- CHANGES IN SCHOOL SYSTEM - THE ORIGINAL TOWNSHIPS- DIVISIONS AFTER 1850—BLOOMFIELD TOWNSHIP-ITS HAMLETS-METHODIST CHURCHES IN TOWNSHIP-KEYSTONE FURNACE-COAL TOWNSHIP-VILLAGE OF COALTON-FOUNDERS OF COALTON-FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP -THE CHURCHES AND THEIR FOUNDERS-PROMINENT CITIZENS-HAMILTON TOWNSHIP- RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS-MABEE 'S STAND-JACKSON TOWNSHIP-FIRST SETTLERS REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS -SWIFTSVILLE AND RAY-JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP—LIBERTY TOWNSHIP -SCHOOL AND CHURCHES-LICK TOWNSHIP-MADISON TOWNSHIP-THE EARLIEST CHURCHES-MADISON FURNACE—MILTON TOWNSHIP -SCIOTO TOWNSHIP-WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. There was a time when township government played an important part in the lives of the people. Under the first constitution of Ohio there were many officials provided and the citizens took a pride in accepting these positions, and the faithful performance of duty was the first and almost the only consideration for the compensation was small. EARLY RECORDS OF JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP The following transcript from the records of Jefferson Township is a sample of many : "At a session of the Trustees of Jefferson township on the third day of March, 1828, the following fees were allowed for the small township officers, to wit : John Horton was allowed for his services as Trustee 371/2 cents, and also for his services as supervisor 371/2 cents. Peter Seel and William McNeal were also allowed for their services, as Trustee 371/2 cents each. Solomon Mackley allowed 371/2 cents for his services as clerk. Thomas Farley allowed 371/2 cents for his services as supervisor. Benjamin Arthur allowed for his services as 'supervisor 28 cents, and Abner Cutler 9 cents. James Kelly allowed 561/4 cents for his services as Treasurer. Solomon Mackley, Clerk." In addition to the officers enumerated, there were two overseers of the poor, two fence viewers, two justices, two ,constables, a lister, together with a supervisor for each road district, and the official roster of a township with 50 to 100 voters often included from 20 to 30 names. - 526 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 527 Thus fully one-fourth of the voters were in actual service as officials all the time, securing training in self government, and this training doubtless accounts for the appearance of so many able men in public life in Ohio. from 1840 to 1880. Although serving for small pay these officers exercised a great influence. They laid out the first roads, built the first schoolhouses, administered pioneer justice and charity and furnished men to manage county and state affairs. There were so many persons interested in every public transaction that there was no opportunity for graft and no possibility of shirking a duty. The result was a most economical and efficient system of local government so far as the lights of the time admitted. The matter of laying out roads, for instance, was a very simple matter, as the following entry indicates: "The State of Ohio, Jackson County : We the undersigned viewers being called on to view a certain road commencing at the east end of Joseph Phillips lane on. the Hales Creek road, thence to intersect the Oak Hill road, and after viewing, we consider the same to be a useful road for the citizens and the public, and that there can be a good road made, and that we consider that there is no damages due to any person or persons through whose land the said road passes. Given under our hands this the ninth day of March, 1839. Levi Rambo, William. Comer, Viewers." The trustees established the said road April 1, 1839, and it is a road to this day, better laid than many county or state roads, laid at great expense and after much red tape and formality. The overseers of the poor had one correct notion in early days, which should be readopted. For instance, this order appears in the record : "Thomas Moore and Sarah, his wife, Prudence Moore, Julian Moore, Judith Moore and her child are all summoned November 7th, 1840, to depart Jefferson township. By order of the Overseers of the Poor, Thomas Brock, Enoch Ewing. Served by Davis Mackley, constable." Moore was a squatter who spent his time in idleness and his daughter Judith had given birth to an illegitimate child. When that .event occurred in such a family the overseers acted and banished them, for the rule was that every man had to work. This was the badge of nobility in the woods among the pioneers, for the pioneers know that idleness always led pauperism and vice in its train. Davis Mackley, the constable named above, afterward read law, became an attorney, served as prosecutor of the county and became the editor and later the owner also of the Standard. Solomon Mackley was his uncle and lived on the hill west of Oak Hill, where he established a horse mill in 1830. JAames Kelly, named above, was a relative of President U. R. Grant's family, and Grant's parents visited his family when he lived near Oak Hill. Peter Sell was the first white settler to buy land in Jefferson, and John Horton and Joseph Phillips were the founders of families now numerous and influential in the county. The same could be written about the officials of all the other townships in the county. 528 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION JUSTICES OF THE PEACE Perhaps the most noted men in the township government were the justices of the peace, then familiarly known as "Squires." Many aspired to those offices from time to time, but usually the people found after a time that certain men were peculiarly fitted for those offices, men of truth, hating covetousness, and re-elected them time after time until they secured a position in their respective communities that is not within the reach of anyone today. Among the many men who have served as squires in this county were Jeremiah Rice, of Bloomfield, who moved with his family to Minnesota in 1869. James W. McDaniel, of Madison, who was buried in the old, almost forgotten, grave yard east of Massey's Spring. Capt. William J. Evans, of Madison, and John S. Stephenson, of Jefferson, both of whom were afterward elected to county offices. Michael McCoy, of Hamilton ; Williamson Sourlock, of Bloomfield ; John McCartney, of Liberty ; Stephen Dunham, of Milton ; Solomon Mackley and William Comer, of Jefferson. James W. McDaniel, came to America before the revolution and served as a body guard to General Washington during that war. He came to Ohio and settled half a mile below Oak Hill in 1819. He was one of the first justices and his knowledge of books caused his neighbors to ask him to start a school. His only son, Rev. Levi McDaniel, was a minister of the Baptist Church. He began to preach about 1820. He and Dr. Gabriel McNeal had many joint discussions on the questions of baptism. His father died in 1847, aged ninety-eight years and eight months. Rev, Levi McDaniel moved to Scioto County in 1859 and settled in Rush Township, where he died December 19, 1864. His wife died in November, 1879, aged eighty-one years. They were the parents of thirteen children, of whom Levi became a minister. His son, John McDaniel, was born at Oak Hill in 1829 and taught school in Jackson County several years. He moved to Scioto County with his father and was the first justice elected in Rush Township. John McCartney, who has served as justice so many years in Liberty Township, is a native of Columbiana County, Ohio, born October 6, 1837. His father came from Ireland. He came to this county in 1842 and was elected justice in 1866. John S. Stephenson was one of the commissioners that helped to bring the first railroad to Jackson. His son, J. W. Stephenson, became a commissioner of Pike County in after years. George W. Hale, of Bloomfield, was another squire whose fame extended all over the county. Samuel McDowell, one of the early squires of Franklin, had a branch of Salt Creek which flows through the south half of Jackson named in his honor. There is a tradition that one Jackson County squire sentenced a prisoner to the Ohio Penitentiary and that the constable came as far as Jackson on his way to Columbus, but learned there that a squire's jurisdiction had some limitations. The townships retained much of their influence upon the lives of the people until the war period and then came the building of political HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 529 machines which made the county the unit in all political matters, and eliminated townships as factors in the body politic. Gradually legislation was enacted which destroyed home rule in the townships. First the selection of juries was taken from the trustees and given to jury commissions appointed by the common pleas judge presiding in the county, who, in the case of Jackson County, was a non-resident. The result was to place the selection of local juries in the hands of a citizen of Pike County. Next came the seizure of the election machinery by political machines, the selection of election officers being turned over to a commission of four members named by the secretary of state. The next officials shorn of their power were the justices. Attorneys are nearly always located at county seats and they gradually transferred many of the .cases from township justices to those at the county seat, to town magistrates or the probate judge, all of which caused the county squire to lose his former high position. Then came another raid upon township trustees, when their power over the poor was turned over largely to infirmary officials. About the same time new road legislation turned much road control over to the county commissions. CHANGES IN SCHOOL SYSTEM The next assault was made on the school system. First the three director system in the sub-districts was abolished. Second, the one director was abolished and a township board of five members was elected to take the place of the board of one man from each district. In 19,14 the final step was taken, and a county board was created to take over the control of all rural schools. The same year a new line of attack was carried out by abolishing the elected assessor and turning over the assessing power to a county assessor and his deputies, holding office at the will of a state board. The outcome of all this will be the early abolition of all township government and the delegating of all power hitherto given to their officials to county officials. These changes have gradually undermined the community feeling and ideals in the rural districts, and in Jackson County the county officials elected in 1914 were with one exception citizens of the municipalities, the great majority being citizens of the county seat. THE ORIGINAL TOWNSHIPS The original County of Jackson was divided into five townships on the 1st day of March, 1816, viz., Milton, Lick, Madison, Bloomfield and Franklin. But in July, 1816, it was found expedient to redivide the county, and Jackson, Clinton and Milton townships were erected July 1; 1816. Bloomfield, Madison, Franklin, Scioto and Lick townships on July 21. In 1818 more territory was annexed to the county and the townships of Harrison and Richland were organized. Washington was organized in September, 1821; Jefferson in January, 1822, and Hamilton in December, 1825. Finally Liberty was established in 1839. It was carved largely out of Lick. Vol. I-34 530 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION DIVISIONS AFTER 1850 These remained the divisions of the county until 1850, when Vinton County was organized and Jackson County was robbed of three of its fourteen townships; viz., Clinton, Harrison and Richland, which had a population of 1,750 in 1840. The Village. of Charleston was thus lost to the county at the same time and .this in the end doubtless served as the salvation of Jackson as the county seat, for had Vinton not been organized the movement of population into Wellston after 1.873 would in all probability have taken the seat of justice from Jackson to Wellston. At the same time that . the county lost its northern townships it gained some valuable farming territory on the south and east, including the site ,of the original Welsh settlement in Western Gallia. For thirty-two years after the loss of the threes townships to Vinton County there was no new township erected, but after the opening of the coal field north of Jackson, leading spirits in the neighborhood of old Washington Church concluded that the time had come for a new township, and Coal was established. Twelve sections were taken from Lick and eight sections from Washington, making twenty in all, mostly drained by Pigeon Creek and its branches. About twenty years later township jurisdiction by Coal, Washington and Milton was abolished within the limits of Wellston, and this closes the history of township formation down to the present. There are now twelve townships in the county. BLOOMFIELD TOWNSHIP Bloomfield Township was organized in July, 1816. Its first assessor was Joshua Scurlock. Its early records have, been lost, the oldest known to be in existence being that of 1841, when George Scurlock, William Hale and John Stephenson were trustees; Robert Mims, clerk ; Joseph Fraser, treasurer, and John Callahan, D. James and H. C. Miller, justices. The last named established a postoffice at his residence and named it Rocky Hill, but he removed to Jackson in 1846. Bloomfield was settled by two strains of immigrants, one from North Carolina, the other from Virginia. George Scurlock came from North Carolina in 1806, and founded a large family which is still numerous in the county, one of his sons, Williamson Scurlock, born November 22, 1830, held the the office of justice for nearly half his life. The famous Plummer-Williams calf case, which went up to the Supreme Court of Ohio and was settled in favor of Charles Williams, originated in his court. One of George Scurlock's sons, G. W. Scurlock, still survives. ITS HAMLETS This township has three small hamlets : Winchester laid out. March 26, 1845, by John V. Norton ; Vega, laid out by Joseph Hanna, August 28, 1846, and Pattonville, laid out by Joshua Pevey, April 6, 1847. HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 531 Winchester is the largest. It is located near the center of the township and the fine oak grove of Harrison Poor near it is admirably located and suited for a community park. At one time it had a hotel and several stores and a population of nearly 100. When the railroad came it passed along the valley to the west and the hamlet of Foraker was established at the station, but neither of them have grown and there are barely fifty people in .the two now. D. E. Evans is the postmaster. Harrison Poor is the merchant in Winchester and Dr. Oscar McLaughlin is the resident. physician. He is the youngest son of Aaron McLaughlin, who was a native of Gallia County, born August 15, 1818. He was taken charge of, owing to the death of his parents, when he was only three years old, by the overseer of the poor, and was bound to Jacob 'Mohler of Madison Township in Jackson County in 1823. He grew up an upright man and became a leading citizen. His first wife was Ann, a member of the famous Corn family which has so many representatives in the river counties of Ohio. Oscar is the son of his second wife, Sarah Swanson, a native of Gallion County. Stephen C. Markham, who is a blacksmith and now one of the oldest residents of Bloomfield, is a grandson of John and Mary Jones Evans, who were one of the first six families to immigrate from Wales to this county nearly a century ago. He was a son of Richard Markham and Ellen Evans, their daughter. It is related that his grandparents had some gold and silver when they emigrated but they were advised to change the coin into paper money. Becoming discouraged in the new world, they were planning to return to Wales when their cabin in the woods was burned accidentally one day, and the paper money with it, leaving them poorer than any of their neighbors and unable to leave the country. They remained in the county and eventually prospered. Their son, John J. Evans, became one of the influential citizens of the county. His farm home was near Vega, a much smaller hamlet than Winchester. Three of his daughters married three brothers, Andrew, William and James K. Hurson, 'and three single daughters still reside at the old homestead known as Briar Ranch. Morris A. Hurson, oldest son of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Hurson, is superintendent of the rural schools of Jackson County, elected to that position in 1914. One of the most widely known citizens of Foraker is Hon. Gomer E. Evans, *another grandson of the pioneers, who has served two terms in the Ohio House. Living near the Village of Foraker with his son, Isaac F. Barton, was Hamby Barton and his aged wife, who were married November 10, 1853. He was a descendant of the earliest pioneers on both sides of the house. Pattonsville, the smallest of the hamlets, like Vega, had a postoffice at one time, but both have been discontinued. METHODIST CHURCHES IN TOWNSHIP There are three Methodist Episcopal churches in the township. Winchester organized in 1842, Vega organized in 1840, and Union 532 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION organized in 1842, and a class at Keystone organized soon after the furnace was built in 1848. The Calvinistic Methodists organized a Welsh church at Bethania about 1847, and a church was built in 1856 which cost $400. The original log house cost $50. The largest membership was thirty-five in the year 1879. The church was abandoned many years ago, the members uniting with other churches nearest to their homes. Carmel, a Congregational church, was organized in 1856, which still exists as a society and Bethlehem 'was organized in 1869 by the Welsh Baptists. Rev. Daniel Lloyd was the organizer. Rev. Daniel S. Jones preached here for many years. KEYSTONE FURNACE Keystone was the only furnace established in this township. It was built in 1848, by John McConnell & Company. H. S. Brudy was the prin+9cipal owner when its career ended. It stood on the east side of Little Raccoon and much of its iron was taken down that stream during the rainy seasons when the .waters were high. Several of its men were drowned in going over mill dams which obstructed the current except during high water. Samuel Benner, the first postmaster at Keystone, was appointed in 1855. Wendall Churchill, who raised a company for the Twenty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry while an officer at Keystone, became a brigadier-general. Samuel Thomas, who went out under Churchill, became a colonel and settled at New York after the war, where he was rated at his death as a millionaire. Bloomfield Township sent out 232 soldiers to the Civil war. It is claimed that no murder was committed within its borders. While its land is not exceptionally fertile many of its farmers have become wealthy and the majority have been noted for their great personal independence. The present officers are trustees, T. J. Williams, W. W. Davis and J. D. Patterson; Clerk Cyrus Davis; Treasurer Evan Morgan. COAL TOWNSHIP Coal township was established in the winter of 1882-83. It owed its establishment to the laying out of several small hamlets. and the building of settlements near new mines. The first hamlet was. Eurekaville laid out by John F. Shook and Adam Scott on land then in Washington Township in 1877. This .was near the small community church named Washington, where a class was organized as early as:1823. The office of Eurekaville was. established on November 13, 1876, with Adam Winfough as postmaster. The Ohio Southern Railroad extended its Horse Creek branch through Coalton, the first train passing October 7, 1878. This brought many more .people into the valley and Joseph H. Wilson and Joseph Gooding laid out the hamlet of Coalton in 1879. Owing to the existence, of a post office in another part of the state whose name resembled Eurekaville, the name of the Office was changed to Coalton May 8, 1879. HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 533 VILLAGE OF COALTON The Village of Coalton combining the two hamlets was incorporated August 11, 1880, with an area of about 560 acres. The C., H. and D. Railroad had been extended through the village the year before and its population grew rapidly, at one time exceeding 1,500. The population in 1910 was 1,111. Other hamlets in the township are Altoona, laid out by Moses D. Jones, Glen Roy laid out by Hon. Andrew Roy in May, 1883, and Goldsborough laid out the same year. Smaller hamlets near mines are Davisville, Chapman and Comet, Jonestown, Tom Corwin, Garfield. A few hamlets have come and gone as mushrooms as is always the case in mining regions. All the hamlets, and Coalton having been dependent on the coal industry have lost ground as the industry waned and the last house has disappeared from the proximity of the majority of the abandoned mines. Coalton alone survives in anything like its former strength, but its population is gradually leaving. Situated as it is on three railroads, its future has possibilities and it may regain lost ground. Its principal officials today are: Mayor, A. M. Scott ; marshal, John Evans; clerk, C. F. Shulman ; treasurer, Thomas Luster ; council, W. E. Price, J. C. Row, J. C. Harper, Dan C. Jones, Enoch Wood, Abe James. E. V. Springer is superintendent of schools. FOUNDERS OF COALTON J.0 H. Wilson, who was one of the founders of Coalton, was born December 10, 1835, in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where he lived until 1855, when his family moved to Jackson County. In 1856 he entered the store of James D. Clare at Clay, and then taught for several years until 1864 when he was elected sheriff of the county by the republicans by' the overwhelming majority for that day of 751. He served two terms, and then bought the farm where Coalton is now where he lived for twelve years. In 1878 he became a merchant, and the following year, he laid out the town. He was the father of Probate Judge Robert U. Wilson and John S. Wilson, who is 'now one of Coalton's leading' merchants. He died of heart disease. Adam Winfough, the first postmaster of Coalton, was born in Ross County, November 5, 1821. His father, Frederick Winfough, was a soldier in the War of 1812. He moved with. his family to Jackson County in 1823, settling near the site of Coalton, where his son Adam was reared. The latter was deputy sheriff under Joseph Wilson for four years, and in 1876 began to sell coal. He moved to Coalton at its foundation and spent the rest of his life there. The Winfough family with the Steeles, Anthonys and ()fliers established the Washington Methodist Episcopal Church in 1823, which is the oldest society in the township. Another church of the same denomination was established later at Glen Roy. The Calvinistic Methodists established a Welsh Church at Coalton, October 25, 1881, and they built a church in 1882, costing about $1,100. George Rogers was an influential member for many years, a son of 534 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION Rev. John Rogers, the preaching blacksmith of Oak Hill, but he moved later to Jackson where he died. Samuel Llewelyn, his associate, resided at Coalton until his death, although the church membership has dwindled away. Llewelyn served two terms in the Ohio House and was district mine inspector under Governor William McKinley. Capt. S. D. Morgan, whose wife was a sister of George Rogers, was a leading citizen of Coalton for many years. He was born in Jefferson Township, February 26, 1843, served in the Seventy-sixth Regiment and was a captain in the One Hundred and Seventy-ninth, was engaged in business at Cambria Furnace and in the Hocking Valley and elsewhere, and then settled in Coalton 'as a lumber dealer and merchant. Later in life he moved to Washington Court House, where he died. David D. Phillips, born in Wales in' 1820, came to Coalton in 1882, was elected justice and served also as mayor. John Hippel, born in Germany November 29, 1838, emigrated in 1858, was a blacksmith at Clay for twenty-one years and located at Coalton in 1879, where he lived until his death. His son and kindred have played an important part in its history. Jacob A. Sell, son of Adam Sell, of Ross County, was born in 1818 and came with his parents to the Sell homestead in 1822 where he spent a long life. He was thrice commissioner of Jackson County, and was one of the board which built the courthouse. At one election he was the only republican who succeeded in winning. His sons, Adam, David, Elmer and Oliver C., have been active participants in business and politics. John F. Shook, one of the founders of Coalton, was born December 1, 1848, in West. Virginia, son of Samuel. Shook, who came to Jackson County in 1866. He married Miss Nannie C. McKinnin and thus connected himself with one of the oldest families in the county. He engaged in merchandising at Coalton in September, 1881, and continued in the business until his death. Ben F. Scott, whose son, Adam Scott, was another founder of Coalton, was born in West Virginia in 1820 and Came with his father, for whom he was named, to this county in 1824. He married Mary, sister of J. A. Sell, and he spent the rest of his life in Coal Township. Winfield S., his son, still lives at the old homestead and A. M. Scott, the mayor, is his grandson. Granville McKinniss, another pioneer of Coal, was born at the homestead where he died in 1823. His wife was a daughter of Asa R. Cassidy. His father, Charles, came to this county in 1812 and his son of the same name, has been a merchant at Leo, has served as commissioner and is today one of the leaders of the Grange in the county. Charles McKinniss, the grandfather, died. March 29, 1837, and his wife, August 24, 1864. The McKinniss family holds an annual reunion. Two Baptist churches were organized in Coalton in 1882, the Missionary Baptists. in January, and the Free Will Baptists in September, but the classes have never grown. The United Brethren Church entered the field many years later and have been more successful. One other church was established at Glen Roy by the Welsh Congregationalists . and Rev. W., 0. Jones was its pastor in the early. '90s, but the miners moved elsewhere and the old church was finally sold in 1914 to the con- HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 535 gregation at Hamilton in the southern part of the county, whose edifice had burned. The Grand Army of the Republic organized Col. Dove Post No. 301, with Samuel Llewellyn and Capt. T. J. Evans as principal officers, March 9, 1883, but the majority of the old veterans have died and the survivors have united with the Frank Smith Post at Jackson. Capt. T. J. Evans is another of the grandsons of Welsh pioneers, the son of Evan and Mary B. Evans, born November 10, 1841. His army service was in the One Hundred and Seventh Regiment and the Ohio National Guard in which he secured his rank. He settled at Coalton in 1882 where he remained in business until his death and was succeeded by his son, E. T. Evans. The latter has been honored with two terms as clerk of courts. One of the widely known citizens of Coal Township for a generation was Beverly Keenan, county surveyor. His parents, John and Mary Williams Keenan, came to this county from Greenbrier County, Virginia, in 1820, and brought him with them, a child of ten, for he was born September 10, 1810. The father was one of the early teachers of the county. Young Beverly was one of the scholars of the famous old teacher, George L. Crookham. He began to survey lands in 1827, and was elected surveyor in 1832, serving one term. He acted as deputy, doing all the county work for many years between 1832 and 1859 when he became surveyor again and held the office until 1871. One of his sons, Milton Keenan, became county treasurer. Allen McGhees a son of Augustus McGhee and was born October 25, 1835. He served as justice for many years. His son, Joseph McGhee, became an attorney, and in 1910 he was appointed first assistant attorney general of Ohio. In 1914, he became a candidate for the attorney generalship, but was defeated with his party. Lorenzo D. Lively, another Coal Township farmer, was born in Virginia, July 29, 1827, but came to this county and acquired a large farm of 222 acres. His oldest son, James M. Lively, became sheriff of the county two terms and editor of the Standard Journal one year. Another. son, Randall Russell, named for his grandfather, Randall Russell, who settled in Jackson County in 1806, and founded a large family, is now a member of the Jackson County bar. Jacob Whetzal, second cousin of Louis Whetzal, came to Jackson County in 1817, and spent the rest of his life there. Two of his sons have been prominent in county affairs, J. A. Whetzal and Rev. D. H. Whetzall, who now lives in Jackson. The officers of Coal are Trustees John Goodrich, John Haynes, and Charles Conrad, Clerk Thomas J. Jenkins and Treasurer Peter Boylan. FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP Franklin was one of the original five townships of the county, was reformed July 16, 1816, and later lost twenty-four sections to Jefferson, six to Scioto and six to Hamilton. Much of its history is a part of the history of the Salt Licks. Salt Creek has its head waters within i bounds and the old valley 536 - HANGING. ROCK IRON REGION through which it flows north divides the township and this division has always divided the people in a measure. It has always been almost a purely agricultural township, although there has been a little mining industry in the southeast section of hilltop iron or coal and limestone deposits. The Jackson shaft coal has been found in the township but never developed. Emanuel Traxler built the first watermill or flourmill in 1812, and Jacob Washam built a second in 1822. The township has never had a furnace, or a large coal mine, no hamlet or saloon, except at Clay, a small group of houses built in the southeastern corner of the township in Symmes Valley and for all practical purposes more allied with Madison than Franklin. -There have been three postoffices, Camba, Banner and Clay, each near a railroad station on the Portsmouth Branch, but those at Banner and Clay have been discontinued. Mrs. George J. Reiniger is postmistress at Camba. THE CHURCHES AND THEIR FOUNDERS The oldest church is the Franklin Valley Methodist Episcopal organized in 1883 by Rev. Jacob DeLay at the home of Jephtha Cherrington. The members were Jephtha, William H., Lorenzo D., Clinton and William Cherrington and their wives, Evan Evans, James Lackey, William Jenkins and. Samuel Carrick and their wives, a total of eighteen members. The first log church was built in 1840, a frame church in 1867, but it was burned down later and another church built. There had been another church organized by the same denomination at Mount Zion, in the northwestern part of the township in 1835, and a church erected in 1835, but the class passed away years ago. Joseph Armstrong, first director of Jackson, and Hiram Oliver, a soldier of the Revolution, are buried in the old graveyard of this church. Antioch Christian Church was organized in 1836 by Rev. Joseph Spriggs with thirteen members of which Peter McCain and his wife were the oldest survivors. They were married May 11, 1823, and lived to be octogenarians. Antioch is a live organization, as is Freedom, whose class was once a part of it. Freedom as reorganized was established in 1868. The Church of Christ at Fourmile was organized August 14, 1852, and has been perhaps the strongest in the township with a membership reaching nearly 200 in its palmy days, before the rural exodus set in. It is yet a live organization. A Protestant Methodist Church was organized on McDowells Run, but the class has disorganized. The latest church organized was the Camba Presbyterian Church east of Camba, in the orchard district of the county. None of the churches in the township have resident pastors, which militates against them. PROMINENT CITIZENS Baldwin Brazee Evans, who was the merchant, at Camba for many years, held the office of county auditor for two terms. He was a grand- HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 537 son of Evan Evans, the pioneer, and a son of Evan and Mary Cherrington Evans. He established Camba postoffice. Cornelius Schellenger was a pioneer of the township not already noted. His son, Washington Schellenger, was born in the township in 1806. His son, William Schellenger, was auditor for two terms and was succeeded in turn by his son, Oscar P. Schellenger. The four sons of Washington Schellenger; William, Harrison, Charles W. and George were soldiers. Samuel R. Johnson was another prominent citizen in early days. His son, Samuel H., lives at the old homestead, and another son, Van Buren Johnson, of Scioto, was commissioner for two terms.. The township officers are R. H. Jenkins, B. F. Masters and Euphrates Claar, trustees ; Frank H. Johnson, clerk, and Guy W. Schellenger, treasurer. All these were elected by the progressive party in 1913. HAMILTON TOWNSHIP Hamilton Township was organized in 1825 with an area of twenty-four miles, and these, were the first officers : Trustees, Samuel Gilliland, John Canter, John Cantwell ; clerk, Solomon Dever ; treasurer, John Walls. There is a tradition that the first settler was a salt boiler from the Licks in 1800, but the first homesteader was Solomon Dever, Sr. His son, Solomon, was born in Hampshire County, Virginia, in 1796, and came to Jackson County with his father. He lived to be an octogenarian and his large family have been influential in the county, George, William, Franklin, Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Francis. M. and Warren. Noah J., son of William, has been Common Pleas judge and representative from Scioto. A. J. Dever was an attorney and helped to build up Jackson. Samuel Gilliland came to Jackson County, November 2, 1815, and his son, Jackson Gilliland, was all his life a resident of Hamilton. His sons, Samuel, Cranston and Oscar, are today three leading citizens. Michael McCoy founded the McCoy family in the county and his son, Vinton, still lives on the old farm. He was born July 18, 1835. The. Canter family were among the pioneers and a number of German families, Flaker, Gahm, Riegel, Russ, and others, came later. Philip Meldick, Jr., is today a prominent citizen. Jackson Furnace, the first built in. the county, was located in Hamilton, and was instrumental in attracting population which increased from 415 in 1840 to 1,108 in 1870. Since that year and the dismantling of the furnace, the population has fallen away materially.. RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS The first church in the township was Hamilton, organized in 1821 by the Christian order, but it did not erect a house of worship until 1871. This was burned accidentally, in 1912, and a new church built out of the lumber from the Congregational Church at Glen Roy took its place in 1914. The Methodist Protestants built a church at Pleasant Hill in 1856. The class had been organized in 1850 by Rev. William Hatfield. 538 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION The new church still standing was built in 1875. The German Lutherans established St. Johns in 1851, and they built their church in 1878. The old St. Johns graveyard is the resting place of many German pioneers. A church was established in Dever Valley, but the class has never been very strong. MABEE'S STAND The only hamlet in the township has been Mabee, once known as Mabee's Stand, because a man, William Mabee, started a small store there. In course of time ,a postoffice was established but it was discontinued many years ago. Vinton McCoy was a postmaster for several years. Two murders, have been committed in the township. That of Jackson McCoy in 1858 aroused much feeling in the county. One of the last shooting matches in the county was held at the home of Joseph Woods in this township on Christmas Day, 1912, and John Jackson was shot. The trial following ended shooting matches on holidays. JACKSON TOWNSHIP Jackson Township was organized in July, 1816, but portions were afterward made a part of Washington, Richland and Liberty. The erosions of the valleys makes its hills seem lofty and the township is rough. Its waters are drained by Salt Creek and its branches. Short branches begin on high elevations and rush into the deep gorge of Salt Creek and since the overlying stone strata are the hardest, the underlying strata wore away first in these short valleys with the result that beautiful gulches were formed, extending gradually from Salt Creek backward into the hills and terminating in water falls of 20 to 100 feet in height. High rocky cliffs bound these gulches on either side and often a deep cavern is found under the rocky shell over which the stream comes down. These caverns may be found in nearly all the gulches, but Canter's on Canter's Run are the best known, named for a pioneer of the Canter family who hunted and trapped near his cabin built in this gulch. The scenery at Canter's Caves, which are at the head of a gulch, is beautiful, but Bolles Gulch, Ophir Falls on Martin's Run and the Salt Peter cave on Redfern Run, a branch of Rock Run, are nearly as fine. Some day this region will be made a park for the use of Southern Ohio, for such scenery can be found nowhere else within Ohio's boundaries. FIRST SETTLERS REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS The first settlers in this township were soldiers who had served under General Lewis in 1774, on his raid to Chillicothe against the. Indians. Their cabins were located near the fine springs which burst forth from the Conglomerate, high on the hills. Daniel Waller, born in the township in 1815, was one of the best known of its citizens. Mrs. Byers, who lived to be more than .100 years old, born in Virginia, October, 1781, spent most of her life in the township. HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 539 The first steam mill in the county was established at Leo in 1840 by Asa Cassidy. In .1859 it passed to Daniel Perry and in 1869 Robert Evin, born in Virginia, became the owner. He died at. Leo. SWIFTSVILLE AND RAY The village laid out as Swiftsville, by Samuel Swift in 1844, was named Leo when the postoffice was established in 1871. It was discontinued years ago. Ray is the only other village in the township. The town was laid out by Moses Ray in 1854 when the Baltimore & Ohio, then the Marietta & Cincinnati was built that far. Q. H. McCormick became its first postmaster and held' the office until succeeded by J. R. Watts in 1913. It has one church, Corinth, organized by the Christians in 1852. Other churches in the township are Trinity M. E. Church at Leo organized in the '30s, Evergreen Baptist Church east of the village and Pleasant Valley Church near Springer's Postoffice, organized in 1869. Pleasant Springer, at whose home Springer's postoffice was located, was born September 10, 18452 and spent his life in the township. He served in the army and was commissioner of the county six years. The postoffice established in 1882 has been discontinued. Leach postoffice, established at the home of Thompson Leach, February 1, 1883, has been discontinued also. The murder of Daniel Winchell, February 9, 1860, by his relations caused mush excitement. The son, nephew and son-in-law were sent to the penitentiary. The accidental death of James S. Wills at Pleasant Valley Church shocked the township. He and his son had discovered a rabbit under the church and their gun was discharged accidentally, striking Wills, who bled to death from an arterial wound. V. T. Swaney is clerk of the township and G. V. Borden, treasurer. JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP Jefferson Township was organized in January, 1822. John Shumate was the first Lister ; Basil Lewis, William Jenkins were trustees ; Solomon Mackley, treasurer. They qualified before James McDaniel, the first justice in the township. Solomon Mackley, the second justice, qualified May 23, 1822. James McDaniel was one of the body guard of George Washington in the Revolution, came to Jackson County in 1819 and died in 1847. His grave is in the abandoned graveyard east of old Oak Hill. He was ninety-eight years old at his death. For many years after coming into the county he taught school in a log but near where McDaniel Switch was located afterward. Solomon Mackley lived where ex-Recorder William Thomas now resides, and built a horse mill on that hill. Dr. Gabriel McNeal settled in the township in 1810 and Peter Seel in 1814. William Hewitt, the hermit, was the first settler. He built his cabin on Upper Hewitts Fork, named for him about 1803, but moved 540 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION back to Salt Creek in 1809. The first Methodist class was organized in the Athur School about 1830 and a church building was started on land now belonging to J. Ellis Evans, but it was abandoned. The logs are now part of a house near Horeb Church. This was a Welsh 'Church built in 1838. Bethel built by the Calvinistic Methodists was organized, in 1841. Both are still flourishing. R. 0. Williams is pastor of Horeb, and Bethel is on the circuit. There have been three furnaces in the township. Jefferson, Monroe and Cambria, and Jefferson is still operated. The first Welshmen came into the. township in 1837 and their names are in the following list of road hands for 1838, viz. : Peter Seel, William White, William Price, Elijah Browning, Eli Perry, James Boggs, George Slack, John White, Moses T. Cummings, Landon. Boyd, Joseph Cummings, John West, Marcus West, William Ferrell, Andrew Ferrell, John Mackley, Joseph Phillips, Levi McDaniel, James Humphries, William R. Lloyd, Martin Phillips, Mat Farley, John Mackley, Levi Rambo, George Yeager, Gabriel McNeal, Wm. McNeal, Thomas McNeal, Ward Comer, Jesse Radabaugh, Green Shumate, Harrison Shumate, Amos Jenkins, Enoch Ewing, Berry Jenkins, Josiah, Realva and William H. C. Jenkins, Azariah and Benjamin Arthur, James Kincaid and Elijah Dulany, John Martin, William Martin, David Martin, Isaiah Jaycox, James, William, Joseph, Lewis and John Horton, John Shoemaker, Thomas Oliver, Amos Littlejohn, James White; Thomas Brock, William Allen, Joshua Evans, Daniel Evans, Joseph Jenkins, Robert Allen, Samuel 0 'Neal, John Harmon, John Clark, William J. Leonard, Henry Allen, Isaac Allen, James Allen, William Jones, Lewis Harmon, Michael Dever, David Edwards, Benjamin White, Emanuel Comer, John Jenkins, William Comer, George Comer, Thomas Williams. The Welshmen in order of arrival were David Edwards, Joshua and Daniel Evans, William Jones and Thomas Williams. Old men over eighty years were not asked to work the roads and of those was David Evans, father of Joshua and Daniel, the first Welsh settler on -Upper Hewitts Fork. John Horton came to this county settling in Madison in 1811, and died June 6, 1869. There have been two postoffices in the township outside of Oak Hill, Samsonville and Monroe and the first is still in existence. Clay Station is in the township in the northeast corner, but the postoffice was in Franklin (see history of Oak Hill). LIBERTY TOWNSHIP The greater part of Liberty belonged to Lick Township until 1839 when it was erected as a separate township. Its first officers were elected December 21, 1839, at the house of William Newell. Some of its earliest settlers like those of Jackson Township were soldiers who had served under General Lewis in 1774, and had discovered what a fine hunting ground Jackson County was. One of the three great pigeon roosts of the county was in this township and the creek draining the neighborhood was named Pigeon Roost Creek. The scenery along some of its gulches, HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 541 notably that on the land of Capt. Samuel White is as fine as that of Rock Run. The Valley of Buckeye. Creek divides the township much as Franklin Township is cut in two by another portion of this old pre-glacial valley. A water mill was built on Buckeye in 1833 by Jacob and John Harrison, which passed to James Simpson in 1857, and the Ohio Southern stop near by was named Simpson for him. SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES The Glassburn schoolhouse of 1827 was the oldest in the township. The deed for the lot where the present schoolhouse stands provides that persons of color must never be admitted as pupils in this school. There have been a number of small churches in the township of which Pleasant Grove, Oakland, Bethel and Mount Vernon survive. The first was organized in. war time by members of the Methodist and other churches who had withdrawn from them. The present building which stands in a pleasant grove was built in 1871 near the Harrison graveyard where burial had occurred many years before. One monument marks the graves of two grandsons of T. Meeker, who were killed by the same lightning stroke when out at the woodpile near their father's house. The pastor for a long time was Rev. G. W. Culp, Samuel Overly, who lived to be a nonagenarian was for many years the leading trustee. The Presbyterians organized a church at Oakland about 1850 with Rev. Mr. Ford as pastor.. It was about twenty years before a church was built. The congregation has almost disbanded on account of removals and deaths. A church of United Presbyterians was built near Simpson Station, but this class disbanded years ago. A Baptist Church was organized under the leadership of Rev. E. W. Lloyd, and a building erected on the hill west of the Old Strong or Crooks Mill, but it burned down one day after a funeral and was never rebuilt. Another church was built in the same neighborhood on the hill north of Rock Run, but the organization has disbanded, although a Sunday school is still conducted in the schoolhouse near by. The Methodist Episcopal .organized Bethel on the western highlands about 1850 and it still lives. Rev. J. M. Stewart is a minister residing near. This neighborhood is one of the thriftiest in the county. Many of the early settlers came here from the Western Reserve in Ohio and adjoining counties. The Sharon Church was established a half century ago or more in the Ragland settlement near Big Rock and the annual meeting held there attracts great crowds. The Raglands were brought from Virginia and settled on lands in this county in January, 1855. There were sixty-eight emancipated slaves in the colony who had been liberated by one William Ragland in his will, and they were brought to this county by his agent, A. J. Perkins, who wrote a card for the Standard describing them as "consistent members of the Baptist church." William Ragland, Jr., one of their number, acquired 220 acres of land in this county. He qualified himself to teach and was an instructor of his race. The newest church in Liberty was built on Pigeon Creek. 542 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION The present officers are : Trustees, John Kern, John Weese, and P. H. Taylor, the latter a negro ; clerk, C. W. Whaley, and Henry White, treasurer. LICK TOWNSHIP Lick Township was made an organization in Ross County and its history is that of the Salt Licks and Jackson. It has lost much of its territory in time to various other townships, and there is a movement to reduce it a little more by cutting off the Town of Jackson and the section west of it. MADISON TOWNSHIP Madison Township contains forty-two sections, six sections taken from 'Gallia being added to it when in 1850 Vinton County was organized. This gave it the site of Faulkner mill built on Black Fork in 1814. Several men, afterward leading citizens of Jefferson, were among its early officials, among them John Shumate, who was lister in 1817 and 1818. He was the grandfather of William Shumate, who lives on the old homestead near the big spring named in the first survey of that part of the county. The added sections in 1850 gave Madison the site of the oldest church in that part of the county which was erected about 1818. THE EARLIEST CHURCHES The earliest churches of the township were a Baptist Church organized about 1824, at the site of the old Oak Hill, where a few graves still mark the site of its successor built of sawed wood. The timbers were used in rebuilding the residence of Samuel Smith near by. Then came a Methodist class organized at the home of the widow Bellwood east of old Oak Hill about 1835. Three buildings have succeeded this residence as a meeting house one a frame, a brick near the township line in 1868, and the new church in Oak Hill. A United Brethren class was organized at the 'Samuel Roach home about the year 1832 by itinerant ministers. In later years, the denomination grew stronger in the township and one of the ministers became Bishop Lewis Davis. There are now three churches in the township, two at Oak Hill and one near Kitchen. The Calvinistic Methodists organized Moriah in 1835, Soar in 1841, and Sardis in 1843, Rev. Robert Williams lived near Moriah Church,. and his residing there led many Welsh to settle in Madison and Jackson counties. Soar Church was burned accidentally and the present brick was built in its place. Welsh Congregationalists organized in 1841 and built a small church in old Oak Hill, and later a larger building. In 1868 a brick church was built down in the new village near the railroad. The Methodist Episcopal denomination organized Emery in the southeastern corner of the township and a Sunday school still survives there. HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 543 Another church was organized in the southwestern corner near Clay, as the result of camp meetings held in 1840-1-2 and 3, by Rev. Mr. Poe, a relative of Poe, the noted Indian fighter, and other ministers. There was another class at Mount Zion in the eastern part of the county, but it was moved across the line into Gallia. Another class was organized at Madison but disappeared when the furnace ceased operations. MADISON FURNACE Madison was the only furnace established in this county, but Gallia across the line in Gallia County bought much of its charcoal. With the coming of the pioneer Welsh, many of the original settlers sold their lands and moved elsewhere and only their names survive. There were the Masseys, Bellwoods, Radabaughs, Powers, Corns, Reeds, Binghams, Skeltons, the Virginia Lewis's, Campbells, Gillespies, and many others. Levi Massey was the first justice at Oak Hill, Silas Skelton was an early merchant, Vinton Power served as sheriff of the county. Hickman Powers was a noted character. The Smith family is still represented and Charles Smith was county treasurer two terms. The present officers are John Daniel, Kirk Gastin and Joseph J. Jenkins, trustees ; E. Beecher Davis, clerk, and Frank Lambert, treasurer. Madison had a small still on Grassy Fork in early days. John Mossbarger lived to be 109 years old. MILTON TOWNSHIP Milton Township was organized in July, 1816, but six sections were added in 1850, giving it forty-two square miles. It leads all the other townships in having had six furnaces within its borders. Buckeye built on Little Raccoon in 1851, Cornelia built in 1854, Latrobe in 1854, Milton in 1874, Wellston in 1874 and Eliza in 1878. This furnace was built by Harvey Wells and named in honor of his wife, who was a daughter of Hon. H. S. Bundy. It suffered many vicissitudes and was dismantled many years ago. Much of its history belongs in that of Wellston and other towns and the hamlets. The first postoffice in the township was Berlin X Roads established June 28, 1850, with L. W. Salmans as postmaster. The Methodist Church at Berlin was established 1854, but an older class had been established between Berlin and Middleton in 1838, and named Salem. It survives and a new church is building there now. The United Brethren Church at Mount Carmel was organized about 1825 and still survives. The Hawk family had a unique record. Reuben and Nancy Hawk were married in 1828. He was one of eleven brothers, five of whom married five sisters. Their son Wilson Hawk was a leading citizen of Berlin until his death. James Hollingshead settled in Milton in the early days and John Hollingshead, his son, was born there July 12, 1826. His family is numerous and influential. William J. Kirkdall, born August 15, 1829, was one of the county's 544 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION leading teachers for a generation. He married Alvira E. Smith; and each of their seven children, Lawson, Charles, Julia, James, Ella, Esther F. and Fred graduated at the Ohio University. Dr. William Sylvester, born at Portland in Meigs County, October 8, 1826, settled at Middleton to practice medicine in 1852 and moved to Berlin and Wellston in turn, where his son, Dr. J. E. Sylvester, is now a leading physician. The present officers of Milton are. William Conger, clerk, and Henry Davis, treasurer. SCIOTO TOWNSHIP Scioto was organized in July, 1816. Its first settlers were squatters from the Licks, but John Graham entered land in 1817, Edward Crabtree in 1818, and Tolbert and Samuel McDowell followed soon after. The oldest record of officers is as follows: Trustees, Seth Graham, John McDowell and Nathaniel Scott; treasurer, Peter Keller; clerk, John McDowell; justices, Samuel McDowell and Alexander Anderson. The first mill was established by David Walton in 1823, who sold it to Daniel White in 1829. He sold it to William Crabtree in 1834 and Enoch Crabtree bought it in 1852. It was dismantled a year ago. There are two small hamlets, Petersburg and Grahamsville. There have been seven or eight churches in the township. Buckeye organized by the Presbyterians is now a Methodist Church. The Protestant Methodists have Truman Chapel organized in 1859 and New Zion. in 1879. The Germans have Salem and the Baptists have Bethesda in the western part of the township. The first Methodist class Wesley was organized about 1845 by Rev. Daniel Clark. They built a church in 1862, but it burned down accidentally. They built a second church in 1878, and it is flourishing. The German element in this township is strong and influential. The first came into the township in the '20s and others followed, until there have been perhaps 100 families of that nationality in Scioto and Franklin and Hamilton. The most common names are Keller, Gahm, Leser, Flaker, Wittman, Riegel, Spohn, Motz, Miller, Meldick. John Motz, long a business man in Jackson, has lived in Pike where he was commissioner of the county. That they have not held offices in Jackson County is due to the fact that they have been practically all democrats. said Jackson County has been uniformly republican for about sixty years. Dr. J. L. Gahn was elected coroner one term, and was a popular member of the Jackson School Board for many years. Scioto Township had always cast a democratic majority until 1914, when it went for Willis against Governor Cox under the leadership of John Motz, of Jackson, who was the Wilson elector from the Tenth Ohio District. There is a colony of Yankees in the township, who came originally from Pennsylvania, and they. have been uniformly republican. There was much feeling 'between them during the Civil war but the animosity has passed away. Scioto had the third and smallest pigeon roost of the county, but it covered fully twenty acres, on the land of James Cochran HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 545 and Daniel Harrell. The waters of Pigeon Roost Creek were black with the droppings of the birds and nothing would drink it. The ridge when cleared produced wonderful crops of wheat for many years, but it has been exhausted long ago. Enoch Crabtree, who operated the grist mill on the Little Scioto so many years was born in Jackson County, September 1, 1824. He was married twice, his first wife being Mary, daughter of Peter Keller, the pioneer. Oscar Flaker is clerk of the township. Charles Sticklen, treasurer ; William Warren, William H. Garrett and W. B. Garrett are trustees. There have been Levi Grahamsville, Glade. and Cove postoffices in the township and the last two are still in existence, as the two stations of that name on the D. T. & I. A rural route runs from Cove to the South. In early days, there was a Star route from Jackson through to Scioto County, and many farmers set up boxes for their mail as is done on rural routes today, as suggested in Cooper's work, " The Pioneer." The Gahn family cut a box in an oak for their letter box and it remained until the tree was cut down a few years ago. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP Washington Township was organized in 1821. After various cuttings it has been reduced to twenty-two sections in area, the smallest in the county except Coal. It is cut almost in two by Pigeon Roost Creek, named for a pigeon roost at its head waters, not far from Buffalo Skull. A crows roost used by perhaps a quarter of a million of crows, lies at its eastern headwaters in Wellston. Byer on the B. & 0. is the only hamlet in the township. It was laid out as Ellsworth by John Skully in 1869. W. W. Kennedy, George Stevenson and D. S. Roy now have stores in it. There are two churches belonging to the Methodists in the township—Finley Chapel built in 1855 and the church at Byer built in 1875.. Stephen Trepp, of this township, has served two terms as county commissioner. Patrick Hogan, born March 17, 1818, in Ireland, came to America in 1852 and settled on the highland in this township. His son, T. S. Hogan, was elected attorney general of Ohio in 1910 and re-elected in 1912, but was defeated for U. S. senator in 1914: Vol . 1- 35 544 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION leading teachers for a generation. He married Alvira E. Smith; and each of their seven children, Lawson, Charles, Julia, James, Ella, Esther F. and Fred graduated at the Ohio University. Dr. William Sylvester, born at Portland in Meigs County, October 8, 1826, settled at Middleton to practice medicine in 1852 and moved to Berlin and Wellston in turn, where his son, Dr. J. E. Sylvester, is now a leading physician. The present officers of Milton are William Conger, clerk, and Henry Davis, treasurer. SCIOTO TOWNSHIP Scioto was organized in July, 1816. Its first settlers were squatters from the Licks, but John Graham entered land in 1817, Edward Crabtree in 1818, and Tolbert and Samuel McDowell followed soon after. The oldest record of officers is as follows : Trustees, Seth Graham, John McDowell and Nathaniel Scott; treasurer, Peter Keller; clerk, John McDowell ; justices, Samuel McDowell and Alexander Anderson. The first mill was established by David Walton in 1823, who sold it to Daniel White in 1829. He sold it to William Crabtree in 1834 and Enoch Crabtree bought it in 1852. It was dimantled a year ago. There are two small hamlets, Petersburg and Grahamsville. There have been seven or eight churches, in the township. Buckeye organized by the Presbyterians is now a Methodist Church. The Protestant Methodists have Truman Chapel organized in 1859 and New Zion. in 1t379. The Germans have Salem and the Baptists have Bethesda in the western part of the township. The first Methodist class Wesley was organized about 1845 by Rev. Daniel Clark. They built a church in 1862, but it burned down accidentally. They built a second church in 1878, and it is flourishing. The German element in this township is strong and influential. The first came into the township in the '20s and others followed, until there have been perhaps 100 families of that nationality in Scioto and Franklin and Hamilton.. The most common names are Keller, Gahm, Leser, Flaker, Wittman, Riegel, Spohn, Motz, Miller, Meldick. John Motz, long a business man in Jackson, has lived in Pike where he was commissioner of the county. That they have not held offices in Jackson County is due to the fact that they have been practically all democrats and Jackson County has been uniformly republican for about sixty years. Dr. J. L. Gahn was elected coroner one term, and was a popular member of the Jackson School Board for many years. Scioto Township had always cast a democratic majority until 1914, when it went for Willis against Governor Cox under the leadership of John Motz, of Jackson, who was the Wilson elector from the Tenth Ohio District. There is .a colony of Yankees in the township, who came originally from Pennsylvania, and they have been uniformly republican. There was much feeling between them during the Civil .war but the animosity has passed away. Scioto had the third and smallest pigeon roost of the county, but it covered fully twenty acres, on the land of James Cochran HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 545 and Daniel Harrell. The waters of Pigeon Roost Creek were black with the droppings of the birds and nothing would drink it. The ridge when cleared produced wonderful crops of wheat for many years, but it has been exhausted long ago. Enoch Crabtree, who operated the grist mill on the Little Scioto so many years was born in Jackson County, September 1, 1824. He was married twice, his first wife being Mary, daughter of Peter Keller, the pioneer. Oscar Flaker is clerk of the township. Charles Sticklen, treasurer ; William Warren, William H. Garrett and W. B. Garrett are trustees. There have been Levi Grahamsville, Glade. and Cove postoffices in the township and the last two are still in existence, as the two stations of that name on the D. T. & I. A rural route runs from Cove to the South. In early days, there was a Star route from Jackson through to Scioto County, and many farmers set up boxes for their mail as is done on rural routes today, as suggested in Cooper's work, " The Pioneer." The Gahn family cut a box in an oak for their letter box and it remained until the tree was cut down a few years ago. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP Washington Township was organized in 1821. After various cuttings it has been reduced to twenty-two sections in area, the smallest in the county except Coal. It is cut almost in two by Pigeon Roost Creek, named for a pigeon roost at its head waters, not far from Buffalo Skull. A crows roost used by perhaps a quarter of a million of crows, lies at its eastern headwaters in Wellston. Byer on the B. & 0. is the only hamlet in the township. It was laid out as Ellsworth by John Skully in 1869. W. W. Kennedy, George Stevenson and D. S. Roy now have sores in it. There are two churches belonging to the Methodists in the township—Finley Chapel built in 1855 and the church at Byer built in 1875. Stephen Trepp, of this township, has served two terms as county commissioner. Patrick Hogan, born March 17, 1818, in Ireland, came to America in 1852 and settled on the highland in this township. His son, T. S. Hogan, was elected attorney general of Ohio in 1910 and re-elected in 1912, but was defeated for U. S. senator in 1914: Vol. I--35 CHAPTER XIII MOSTLY PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL LAWYERS AND THEIR INFLUENCE-PIONEER DOCTORS—PHYSICIANS /AS POLITICIANS-LEADING CLERGYMEN-CRIMES AGAINST HUMAN LIFE. EARLY SCHOOLS, AND LEGISLATION-EDUCATION UNDER THE 1853 CONSTITUTION- PERSONNEL OF THE EDUCATORS-PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM AFFECTED BY SUNDAY SCHOOL-FIRST WOMAN'S SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION- TEMPERANCE CRUSADE-POLITICS AND POLITICIANS---COUNTY. OFFICIALS SINCE THE WAR-STATE REPRESENTATIVES AND SENATORS- CONGRESSMEN-COMMON PLEAS JUDGES-PROMINENT FAMILIES OF THE COUNTY-THE SECRET ORDERS-MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT SINCE THE '80S. The first organization of Jackson County attorneys was effected at the courthouse Thursday night, January 13, 1870. Porter DuHadway was called to the chair and Davis Mackley was made secretary. A committee of three, James Tripp, A. Mayo and J. W. Laird were appointed to draw up a. plan for the organization and it was adopted as read. There were no attorneys in the county when it was first organized. LAWYERS AND THEIR INFLUENCE The first resident attorney, Joseph Lake, left no history. The next attorney was Elihu M. Johnson, who came to the county in 1829. The roster from that date includes James Hughes; Levi Dungan ; Davis Mackley, who read law under James Hughes ; Robert Stephenson, who left the county- ; Jesse. W. Laird; Ripley C. Hoffman, who left the county and died at Columbus ; Isaac Roberts, who was the first attorney to die in the county ; H. H. Fullerton and Wm. A. Walden, both of whom moved from the county ; James Tripp ; John C. Stevenson ; H. S. Bundy ; Porter DuHadway ; W. K. Hastings; J. W. Longbon ; John L. Jones ; John T. Moore, who moved to this county from Pike County ; Robert H. Jones; E. B. Bingham ; Martin Van Pelt, came to this county from Highland ; G. W. Johnson ; James K. McClung ; J. M. Tripp ; Charles A. Atkinson ; Thomas L. Hughes, Jr. ; Horace L. Chapman, who never practiced here ; Ambrose Leach, who moved to Columbus, Where he died ; Thomas Emmett Moore ; David Davis, who came here from Gallia County and moved to Cincinnati, where he has been Common Pleas judge ; E. C. Powell, who came here from Gallia County ; Louis Shotts ; Thomas A. Jones, who is - 546 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 547 now Supreme judge of Ohio after a period of twelve years on the Circuit bench ; Charles C. James, a grandson of Maj. John James ; John Harper ; William S. Baker ; John M. Downey, who moved to Cleveland ; Louis Dungan, who moved to the same city ; Charles A. Radcliff, who moved to Lancaster ; Dan H. Armstrong; J. M. McGillivray, who came from Vinton County ; John W. Higgins, who came from Waverly, and later moved away ; Albert E. Jacobs, also came from Gallia County ; Robert U. Nilson ; W. T. Washham, Sr. ; John Robbins, who came from Pike County; Randall R. Lovly ; Joseph E. McGhee ; Charles H. Irwin ; Brenner Jones ; Samuel F. White ; Ira Randall ; T. S. Hogan ; C. C. McCormick ; Robert L. Grimes ; J. 0. Tripp ; A. H. Vernon, who moved from the county ; Evan E. Eubanks ; D. Edgar Morgan and W. G. McKitterick, who located in Cleveland ; Lloyd T. Williams, who located in Toledo ; Frank Delay; W. L. Pickrel, who located in Dayton ; Owen Roderick, who located in Akron; W. A. Doody and James Robbins ; S. D. McLaughlin was located in Waverly ; T. A. Jenkins and D. C. Jones, who located in Ironton. Possibly one or two have been omitted. These men have exerted an influence upon the county and made history out of all proportion to their numbers. Hastings, DuHadway, the two Tripps and Thomas A. Jones have served on the county or district bench. Bundy and Dungan served in Congress ; Hogan has been attorney general of the state, and. McGhee has been his assistant ; R. H. Jones and Vanpelt have been representatives ; 'a dozen or more have been prosecutors ; Johnson, Longbon, Laird, McCormick, Benner Jones and Delay have been elected Probate judges, and Robert L. Grimes is now serving as Common Pleas judge ; James Tripp was a member of the constitutional convention in 1873 ; John Robbins has been postmaster of Jackson. Of the prosecutors, John L. tones served four terms ; John T. Moore had been prosecutor in Pike County before he moved to Jackson ; Charles A. Atkinson moved to Lincoln, Nebraska, and is now at Chicago ; Thomas Emmett Moore has moved to Dayton, where he is editor of a daily paper ; James served several terms as mayor, two terms as clerk of county, and was warden of the Ohio Penitentiary under William McKinley. PIONEER DOCTORS The two most noted pioneer doctors were Dr. Gabriel McNeel, who settled on al farm in Jefferson in 1810, and Dr. Nathaniel W. Andrews, who came to the Licks in early days and was a leader at the organization of the county. He held various county offices and moved in later years to Portsmouth. Doctor Mussett came next and died in Jackson. Dr. James H. C. Miller came to the county in 1838 and settled in Jackson in 1846. His son, Dr. 0. C. Miller, was born in Jackson and died there. Dr. David H. Mitchell was born in Jackson, January 16, 1816, and died in November, 1868. He began practicing medicine in 1838 and devoted the rest of his life to his profession. Dr. Thomas R. Clewer came to Oak Hill in 1835 and died at Jackson in 1874. Dr. E. Fitzgerald, who was located at Jackson in the '50s, was the first to call himself a dental 548 - HANGING ROCK IRON REGION surgeon. Dr. H. Adams and Dr. D. A. Hoffman were located in Jackson at the same time, and Dr. William S. Williams at Oak Hill; Dr. Thomas E. Vaughters, born in Virginia in 1823, came to Jackson in 1832, studied medicine under Dr. D. H. Mitchell from 1844 to 1847, but located elsewhere. Dr. J. B. Johnson, born in Delaware, located at Grahamsville for a time and came to Jackson in 1877, where he died. Dr. G. A. Ewing, born in Ewington in Gallia County, in 1834, came to Jackson in 1881, and died there. Dr. Asa W. Isham came to Jackson at an early day and died June 27, 1853. Capt. H. P. Messenger married his daughter, Miss Sophia, and their son, Dr. Asa C. Messenger, adopted his grandfather's profession. Their daughter, Miss Fannie, ,did the same and practiced medicine. Dr. J. S. Reasoner lived in Jackson many years and his residence stood on the lot where the residence of Mrs. H. A. Bedd is located now. Dr. L. McPherson practiced at Berlin during the Civil war. Dr. W. H. Dunham and Dr. C. K. Crumit became partners in the profession in Jackson. Crumit came here from New Plymouth in Vinton County. Dr. A. B. Monahan located in Jackson in 1865 after the war, and his son, Dr. W. H. Monahan, followed in his footsteps. Dr. I. T. Monahan, of Jackson, and Dr. G. L. Monahan, of Wellston, were brothers of the first. Dr. J. B. Blum was the first dentist in Jackson, locating here in November, 1865. Other doctors located in Jackson County have been B. F. Holcomb, who served a term as postmaster ; Dr. B. F. Kitchen, who came here from Oak Hill ; William E. Williams; T. E. Griffith; J. L. Gahm; J. F. Morgan; R. T. Morgan; Everett Morgan ; W. R. Evans; William Phillips; J. J. McClung; W. G. Scurlock ; Herbert C. Evans; W. A. Ray ; J. W. Harbarger; J. H. Harbarger ; T. J. Richards ; R. W. Caldwell; W. F. Hale; J. W. Laird, who was better known in other capacities located in Jackson in 1844 as a doctor, and practiced two years. Other doctors in the county were : Dr. E. D. L. Morgan, of Byer and Coalton ; Dr. Johnson A. White, of Liberty. His brother, D. A. White, also became a physician, and is located at Idaville, Indiana. Three sons of T. J. Brady have become doctors : A. S. Brady is located in Kentucky, another son in Colorado and the third in Panama ; Drs. William J. Jones and E. B. Merrill located at Wellston; Dr. S. W. Henry at Berlin; Dr. William Sylvester at Middleton, Berlin and Wellston, his son, Dr. J. E. Sylvester at Wellston; Drs. R. M. Steele, J. H. Ray and the Plummer brothers at Coalton ; Dr. D. E. -Tedrow at Byer ; Dr. A. B'. Drake at Leo, where he has been succeeded by his son, Francis J. Drake; Dr. Edward Lewis Johnson; Oscar McLaughlin and Timothy Marvin, at Winchester ; Doctors Evan E. Hughes, W. S. Tyrrell, John W. Jones, William Evans, Evan J. Jones, Homer E. Jones, Moses Jones, William Jones, D. B. Warren at Oak Hill; Dr. A. J. Newell, at Mabee; Doctors Dan E. Jones, J. B. Spencer, Will Stewart, W. S. Hoy and E. T. Dando, at Wellston. Dr. David Davis, born in Franklin, now lives at Venedocia, Ohio ; Dr. Jonathan Evans, born on Black Fork, is located in the West ; Dr. J. Davis Horton, son of J. S. Horton, of Oak Hill, is located in Kansas ; Dr. D. R. Alban, a native of Madison, is located at Columbus, Ohio ; HANGING ROCK IRON REGION - 549 Dr. J. W. Wills, son of John L. Wills, of Washington Township, has located at Omega in Pike County. PHYSICIANS AS POLITICIANS Many of the doctors have been prominent in political affairs. As already noted Doctor Andrews held several county offices, Dr. Gabriel McNeal was county surveyor, Dr. W. S. Williams, Dr. A. B. Monahan and Dr. B. F. Kitchen were representatives of the county in the Legislature, and Dr. W. S. Hoy is the present member. Doctor Laird was mayor of Jackson and Probate judge, Doctor Holcomb was postmaster of Jackson, and Dr. E. T. Dando is the postmaster of Wellston. Dr. J. T. Monahan served one term as state senator. Quite a number have been coroners and pension examiners. Since the dental profession has been differentiated there have been the following dentists in the county : Joseph Jones, Parson Jones, J. B. Griffith, H. E. Schellenger, J. W. Jackson, W. E. Jackson, William D. Phillips, J. O. Hawkins, who served two terms in the Ohio House ; J. T. Hughes ; Dr. L. R. Brookins has moved to Cincinnati ; Dr. J. G. Morgan, located at Jackson for several years, has located in Missouri ; Dentist Bogges moved from Jackson to Greenfield. LEADING CLERGYMEN The pulpit has not secured as many Jackson County people as the bar and medicine, but the number is not insignificant. Rev. Boroughs Westlake was a minister who located in the county at an early day, and Rev. Jacob Delay another. Dr. Gabriel McNeal and Dr. T. E. Griffith were ministers also, and so was Hon. H. S. Bundy ; Thomas L. Hughes,, Jr., became a minister, giving up the law ; Capt. D. J. Jenkins, J. W. Evans, Evan S. Jones, Daniel and David Thomas, John P. Morgan, Dan Jewett David, W. T. Lewis, John Jones, Daniel Evans and other Welshmen entered the ministry while residents of this county. Others from the Oak Hill neighborhood, who are now ministers are Revs. Levi. McDaniel, Jeremiah, George W. and. William L. Tyler, brothers, John S. Tommie, Charles W. Brady, W. A. Campbell, T. F. Campbell, J. E. Comer. Jackson has furnished Revs. Irvine Dungan, W. D. Harrell and Earl Cranston, who became a bishop of his church. Rev. Isaac Fullerton, of Scioto County, lived as a boy near Winchester, and later at Oak Hill moving to Scioto County in 1826; Rev. Joseph Spriggs spent his life in Franklin Township, where he was born March 1, 1827 ; Rev. Isaac Brown died in the army. He established the Brown school north of Jackson. Rev. M. D. Vaughn retired to Jackson after a life in the ministry. He was a son of Judge Thomas Vaughn ; Rev. Robert Cal-, laghan of the same church is now living in retirement in Jackson. He is a grandson of John Hanna, the revolutionary soldier. Rev. J. E. Thomas, a Baptist preacher, came to Jackson County in 1846, and remained here until his death. He was chaplain of the Fifty-sixth during a part of its service. Rev. Lewis A. Atkinson, born in Gallia County, April 24,