150 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY Thomas is the only one now living. He was educated in the common schools and brought up to the life of a farmer. At the present time he has 425 acres of good land, upon which he successfully carries on a general farming business, his specialty being the feeding of hogs for market. Mr. Martin is a Democrat in his political opinions, but he is not an active politician. He and his family are members of the Sacred Heart Catholic church and are liberal supporters of its charitable works. In 1859 he was married to Mary N. Buckman, daughter of Charles N. l uckman, and they had two children, Joseph and Mary, twins. Joseph died in infancy. Mrs. Martin passed to her rest on April 29, 1890, and in 1899 Mr. Martin was united in marriage to Miss Nettie Bowling, of Davis county, Ky. To this union have been born three children : William Lafayette, deceased; Catherine Gertrude and James Bernard. Mr. Martin is looked upon as one of the most up-to-date farmers in the vicinity of Waverly. As a citien he has a high standing in the community where he resides as a man of industrious habits, an accommodating dispos_tion, and an unimpeachable integrity. He believes in modern progress, good roads, good schools, and his influence is always on the side of every movement for the promotion of the moral and material advancement of his fellow-men. EDWARD F. ROBERTS (deceased) was born in Breckenridge county, Ky., in the year 1832, and died on his farm near Waverly, in Union county, on the last day of January, 1890. He was a son of Edward and Clara (Manning) Roberts, both of whom were native Kentuckians. The father died in Breckenridge county and the mother in Union. Both were members of the Catholic church. Edward F. Roberts received a good education in the public schools. In 1856 he came to Union county, where he was married in 1860 to Miss Sarah Isabel Compton, a daughter of Benedict Compton, one of the leading citizens. To this union there were born seven children, all living, viz.: Benjamin, Catherine, John, Mary E., Susan, James and Anna. John married Tillie Clements, daughter of Martin Clements, of Uniontown, and has two children, Pearl C. and Margaret Frances; Catharine married Clement Ill. Hancock, of Hen- MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 151 derson, and has one son, Clyde Edward; Mary F. is the wife of Dudley Phipps, of Carlisle county, and Anna is the wife of James T. Speaks and the mother of one son, Edward Francis. At the time of his death Mr. Roberts was the owner of 190 acres of fine land, which still belongs to his family, and was reckoned one of the well-to-do farmers of Union county. He was a Democrat in politics and took a commendable interest in all matters pertaining to public policy. In church matters he was a devoted member of the Catholic church, to which Mrs. Roberts still belongs and takes an interest in its good works. In all his dealings with his fellow-men during his life Mr. Roberts was conspicuous for his spirit of fairness and his reputation for truthfulness. It has been said of him that "his word is just as good as his bond," and the good name he transmitted to his children is a prouder inheritance than lands and houses. JOHN B. CRUZ, a farmer near Waverly, hy., and a director in the Waverly Coal Mining Company, is of French extraction, his father, Peter J. Cruz, having been a native of France. At the age of seventeen years the latter came to America, with the monks who had educated him, and located in Washington county, Ky. There he married Matilda Abell and about the year 1815 settled in Union county. In his early life Peter J. Cruz formed a partnership with Richard Spaulding and for several years they followed the occupation of trading and flatboating on the river. Upon giving up this vocation Mr. Cruz settled clown to the life of a planter, became the owner of 700 acres of fine land and a number of slaves. He was always a Democrat in his political views, and both himself and wife were members of the Catholic church. John B. Cruz was born in the county where he now resides on Oct. 21, 1828. He was reared on a farm, educated in the common schools, and his principal occupation through life has been that of a tiller of the soil. In 1887 he bought a farm of 192 acres, to which he has added until he now owns 365 acres. This farm is well improved and is in a fine state of cultivation. Besides his farming interests Mr. Cruz is one of the principal stockholders and one of the directors in the Waverly Coal Mining Company, as already mentioned. In both political and religious matters he has followed after his father, being a Democrat and a Catholic, to which church his entire family belongs. Mr. Cruz was married in 1852 to Miss Arametta Wathen, daughter of Francis and Rosalie (Clements) Wathen, old settlers of Union county, where both passed their last 152 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY days. To Mr. and Mrs. Cruz there have been born eleven children: William A. and two daughters, each named Rosalie, are deceased and those living are Peter J., Matilda A., Mary L., Emma D., Susan M., John B., Francis W., and Carrie C. All are married except Francis W., who lives at home with his parents. Mr. Cruz is a man of fine business ability. What he has he has made himself, by his industry and intelligent efforts. He enjoys the confidence and esteem of his neighbors and in every way is one of the representative men of his county. ULYSSES SHERMAN BISHOP, a well known farmer, three and a half miles east of Morganfield, Ky., was born in the county where he now resides on Feb. 8, 1865, his parents being John P. and Rebecca N. (Hawkins) Bishop. Both parents were natives of Jefferson county, Ky., where the father was born on Dec. 22, 1823, and the mother on May 1, 1843. Both grandfathers, Daniel Bishop and Jacob Hawkins, were also natives of that county. John P. Bishop located in Union county, near Morganfield, in 1854, and there followed farming until his death on April 10, 1893. At the time of his death he was one of the well-to-do farmers of the county, being the owner of about 600 acres of land. For a number of years he held the office of justice of the peace. In politics he was a Republican and in the stormy days just before the Civil war he was a stanch Union man. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity and with his wife belonged to the Christian church. He was twice married, the subject of this sketch being one of the seven children born to the second marriage. By his first wife he had three children. Ulysses S. Bishop was educated in the common schools, the Caseyville high school, and a commercial college at St. Louis. With the exception of two years he has followed farming ever since he reached manhood. During the two years mentioned he was engaged in mercantile pursuits at Renshaw, a small town in the western part of Union county. He now owns 163 acres where he lives and has one of the best improved farms in the county. Mr. Bishop is a Republican in his political views and takes a laudable interest in all questions pertaining to the public weal. He is a member of MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 153 De Koven Lodge, No. 577, Free and Accepted Masons, and with his family belongs to the Christian church. On June 17, 1891, he was married to Miss Anna, daughter of W. B. Henshaw, whose father, George Henshaw, came from Virginia at an early date and settled in Union county. To this marriage there have been born three children: Catherine R., Robert H., and J. Wesley. WILLIAM WALLER, a farmer living about four miles west of Morganfield, Union county, Ky., is a native of that county, having been born there Feb. 18, 1828, his father being Aaron Waller, an old resident of the county, of whom mention is made elsewhere in this work. William Waller was reared on his father's farm, assisting in the work of raising the crops during the summer seasons and attending the common schools during the winter months, thus securing a good practical education. Upon arriving at manhood he began life as a farmer and has followed that occupation all his life. Mr. Waller is one of the successful farmers of Union county. He owns 500 acres of good land, well improved and the most of it under cultivation. Politically he is a Democrat and while he takes an interest in public questions it is always more as a citizen than as an office seeker. In 1856 he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Muir, the daughter of W. Muir, a native and old resident of Nelson county, Ky., and the year following his marriage located on the farm where he now resides. Consequently he has been a resident of the neighborhood where he lives for almost half a century, and in that time has been identified with almost every movement to secure better roads, better schools, etc. Mr. and Mrs. Waller are both members of the Methodist Episcopal Church South and consistently practice the precepts of their faith in their daily conduct. They are the parents of the following children: William M., a farmer in Union county, living on the old homestead; Aaron, a grain dealer of Henderson, KY.; Claude, an attorney of Nashville, Tenn.; Jasper, a farmer, living at home with his parents; Margaret, wife of Henry Hughes, of Paducah, Ky.; Mary, at home with her parents, and one who died in infancy. All the children who reached maturity are useful members of society, due in a great measure to the Christian teaching of their parents. GEORGE S. WILSON, a promising young attorney of Sturgis, Ky., is a descendant of some of the most prominent families of Union county. His grandfather, John Wilson, was a native of 154 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY England, but came with his father when sixteen years of age to the United States. After living for a while in New York, Ohio, and Illinois, he settled in Union county about the year 1851 and died there in 1863. He married Matilda Brackett, who died in 1885. Of their ten children six are living. John Wilson was a miner in his early life, but after coming to Kentucky he followed farming as long as he lived. One of his sons, William Wilson, was born in Illinois, Nov. 7, 1839. He received the greater part of his schooling after the family removed to Union county, and began life as a clerk in a store. Later he wasengaged in merchandizing at Caseyville, was for a time in the livery business and was also interested in steamboating, having charge of a steamer. He served for four years as deputy sheriff and sheriff of the county, is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Kelsey Lodge, No. 659, Union Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, No. 54, and Alida Commandery, Knights Templars, No. 21. He and his wife are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, though his father was an Episcopalian. William Wilson was married to Martha A. Collins, daughter of Dr. James and Eleanor Ann (Pitman) Collins, both natives of Virginia, and early settlers in Union county. Doctor Collins died in 1867 and his wife in 1883. William and Martha Wilson. are the parents of the following children: Addie Belle, John W., one who died unnamed, James C., Herbert Lee, Emma P., and George S. John W. is deceased. George S. Wilson, the youngest of the family, was born at Caseyville, Union county, Nov. 14, 1876. His elementary education was acquired in the public schools of Union and Henderson counties, and on June 7, 1900, he was graduated from the law department of Cumberland university, at Lebanon, Tenn. Shortly after leaving college he established himself at Sturgis, where he commenced the practice of his profession. He has already built up a good practice, extending to Union and adjoining counties, and has a growing clentage. Mr. Wilson is one of the active young Democrats of his section of the state and in 1904 was the candidate of his party for representative to the legislature. He has probably inherited some of his love for Democratic principles from his father and grandfather, both of whom were inflexible supporters of that party's doctrines. In fraternal circles he is a well known figure, being a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, holding his membership in both orders in the lodges at Sturgis. In 1901 he was married to Miss Virginia L. McGill, of Webster county, and to this union there MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 155 have been born two children: George S. and Henry McGill. Mr. Wilson is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church and his wife is a Baptist. P. H. WINSTON, of Sturgis, Ky., a prominent member of the Union county bar, is a native of that county. For several generations on both sides his ancestors have been a part of the warp and woof of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. His grandfather, Maj. William Winston, was a native of Hanover county, Va. He came in early manhood to Boone county, Ky., and subsequently became the owner of large tracts of land in Boone, Fleming and Union counties. About 1835 he settled in Union county and there passed the remainder of his days. His wife was a Miss Martha Mosby, also a native of Virginia. She died at Caseyville in 1838, aged seventy-two years. One of their sons was Dr. G. V. Winston, the father of the subject of this sketch. He was born in Henrico county, Va., March 8, 1821 ; graduated from the medical department of the old Louisville university under the first Doctor Yandell ; began practicing at Covington ; later came to Union county, where he continued to practice until 1885 ; and died on Nov. 24, 1896, aged seventy-five years. In politics he was an unflinching advocate of Democratic principles; was a man of great public spirit, and was a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity. He married Elizabeth Byers Dix, a daughter of Clarendon Dix, a native of Illinois. Her mother was Amelia Byers, a native of Mason county, Ky., a daughter of Col. James Byers, who was born in Maryland and died in Mississippi. The wife of Colonel Byers was Anna Maria Johnston, a sister of Albert Sidney Johnston, the famous Confederate general who was killed at the battle of Shiloh. Dr. G. V. Winston and his wife were the parents of twelve children. Seven sons and two daughters are still living. One of the sons is P. H. Winston, the subject of this sketch. He was born in Union county, May 13, 1876, and was reared to manhood on a farm. After completing the course in the public schools he took tip the study of law and in June, 1900, graduated from the law department of Cumberland university at Lebanon, Tenn. Immediately after leaving college he established himself at Sturgis and commenced the practice of his profession. He has already won a high place at the bar and is looked upon as one of the coming lawyers of Kentucky, a state that has produced some of the greatest legal lights of the nation. Mr. Winston is an unswerving Democrat in his political opinions and is 156 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY well informed on all public questions. He is a member of Kelsey Lodge, No. 6J9, Free and Accepted Masons, and of Silver Lodge, No. 68, Knights of Pythias. On Oct. 28, 1903, he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Luttrell, of Hickman, Ky. Another son of Dr. G. V. Winston is Isaac Dix Winston, M.D., who was born in 1874; educated in the common schools and the Sturgis high school; graduated from the medical department of the University of Nashville in March, 1900, and has since practiced his profession in Sturgis, where he has already established a lucrative practice. He is a member of the same lodge of Knights of Pythias as his brother, and belongs to the Christian church. Politically he is a Democrat. W. L. MARKWELL, D.D.S., a rising young dentist of Sturgis, Ky., is a native of Union county, having been born near the town where he is now in business, Oct. 7, 1877. His father, Charles W. Markwell, was born in Bullitt county, Ky., but Caine to Union county when a young man and located on a farm not far from Sturgis. When the town was laid out he erected the first dwelling there and engaged in business as a grain dealer. For some time he was associated with the old Sturgis Milling Company as a buyer of wheat. He married Belle Davis, a daughter of Lewis Davis, who was born in Union county in 1822. Her mother was Lewis N. Whitecotton, a daughter of George N. and Nancy (Young) Whitecotton. George N. Whitecotton was born in Prince William county, Va., Oct. 27, 1802, and came to Union county when about twenty years of age. He died July 19, 1889. His wife was born Nov. io, 1797, and was a daughter of Christopher Young, who spent most of his life in Union county. Lewis Davis, the maternal grandfather of Dr. Markwell, was a son of William and Druzilla (Falkner) Davis, the former born in Fayette county, Ky., June 12, 1791, and the latter born in the same county, Feb. 3, 1793. They settled in Union county soon after their marriage. He died there on July 4, 1862, her death having previously occurred on Aug. ig, 1844. William Davis's father was John Davis, who settled in Union county in 1819. Dr. W. L. Markwell received his education in the public schools of Sturgis and in 1903 graduated from the Louisville college of dentistry. Immediately upon leaving college he established an office for the practice of his profession in Sturgis and has built up a lucrative business. As a dentist he has acquired the reputation of being one of the best in the county and his painstaking methods of MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 157 doing his work have won for him the patronage of the best class of people. Like his father before him, he is a Democrat, though he thinks more of his professional duties than of political preferment. In religious matters he has accepted the faith of his honored parents and belongs to the Baptist church. SAMUEL LEWIS CLEMENTS, a farmer of Union county, Ky., living near Morganfield, is a descendant of some of the oldest families of that county. His grandfather, Edward Henson Clements, came from St. Mary's county, Md., and settled in Union county in 1802. At that time Patrick Clements, the father of Samuel L., was about six years of age, having been born in the year 1796. He grew to manhood in Union county. Upon reaching manhood he became a farmer, the farm he formerly owned now belonging to the subject of this sketch. Patrick Clements received such an education as the schools of that early day afforded, but by self-study he became one of the best informed men in his neighborhood. He was a Democrat in his political views and with his family belonged to the Catholic church. He was twice married. Ilis first wife was Christina, daughter of Dr. Bernard Smith. She was born in St. Mary's county, Md., July 24, i8or, and came in childhood with her parents to Union county. She died in 1847, the mother of eight children, two of whom are still living. His second wife was Matilda Hite, also a native of Maryland, and to this marriage were born two children, both living, one being the subject of this sketch. Patrick Clements died on Dec. 15, 1869, and his wife on July 29, 1870. Samuel L. Clements was born April 29, 1852, was reared on the farm, attended the common schools in his boyhood and later the Christian Brothers' school at Dayton, O. Upon arriving at manhood he adopted the life of a farmer and is now the owner of 485 acres of fine land. Like his father, he is a Democrat and a Catholic, and is one of the progressive and respected citizens of the community in which he lives. He was married on Feb. 24, 18i3, to 1M'1iss Catherine Cambron, a daughter of Logan and a granddaughter of Zeph Cambron, a sketch of whose brother, Raphael, appears elsewhere in this work. Her grandmother was a Miss Grundy and her mother a Miss Truman. Samuel and Catherine Clements have had the following children born to them: Lewis P., Annie, Charlie, Logan, Samuel, Gertrude, Mary, 1 icholas, and Franklin, living, and two who died in infancy. 158 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY REV. CYRI1 THOMAS, pastor of Sacred Heart Catholic church, St. Vincent, Ky., was born in Grant county, Ind., Jan. 1, 1853. His parents, Enoch G. and Jane (Votaw) Thomas, were both born in Wayne county, Ind., and now live in Huntington county of that state. His grandfather, Jesse Thomas, was born Sept. 9, 1796; went from Wayne to Grant county at an early date, and died at Marion. He married Hannah Cox, who was born Aug. 15, 1798. She also died at Marion. On the maternal side his grandparents were Daniel and Mary (Hampton) Votaw, the former born in Loudoun. county, Va., Aug. 7, 1783, and the latter in Fayette county, Nov. 22, 1787. Daniel Votaw died in Kansas, Aug. 18, 1871, and his wife in Wayne county, Ind., May 17, 1827. Daniel Votaw was a son of Isaac and Ann (Smith) Votaw. Isaac was born in Virginia, Jan. 29, 1744, and died in Columbiana county, O., Oct. 12, 1817. His wife was born in Pucks county, Pa., July 20, 1746, and died in Columbiana county, Jan. 23, 1834. Enoch G. Thomas has been a farmer, mechanic and miller and is now eighty-one years of age. He and his wife have been married sixty-one years. They are the parents of twelve children, only three of whom are now living. Rev. Cyrin Thomas was reared on a farm and graduated from St. Meinrad seminary in Spencer county, Ind. After completing his education he spent some time in South America and in 1896 came to Kentucky. For about eighteen months he was pastor of the church of SS. Peter and Paul at Danville, and since Nov. 4, 1897, has been in charge of the Sacred Heart church of St. Vincent. His parish numbers about 300 families and under his ministration the church has prospered. Father Thomas is popular in the community where he lives and his popularity is not confined to the etembers of his church. J. W. HITE, one of the largest farmers in the vicinity of Waverly, Union county, Ky., was born near Uniontown, in that county, Dec. 13, 1853. He is a son of George and Anna (Fenwick) Hite, and a grandson of Peter Hite, who was one of the pioneers of the county. (For account of the family history, see the sketch of W. P. Hite.) George Hite was born in Union county, was educated in the, common schools and in later years was a large farmer and slave owner. He MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 159 was always an ardent Democrat and a member of the Catholic church. He and his first wife were the parents of nine children, seven of whom are still living. After the death of his first wife he was married to Mrs. Spaulding, the widow of Charlton Spaulding, and one daughter was born to this union. His second wife died and he was married a third time, his last wife being Marian I3:elon. J. W. Hite was reared to manhood on his father's farm. After attending the common schools he spent some time at St. Mary's college. Upon completing his education he commenced life as a farmer, and has continued in that occupation through life. He is the owner of 575 acres of good land and his farming is carried on according to the latest and most approved methods. Mr. Hite has won considerable reputation as a breeder of Shorthorn cattle. In his political and religious affiliations he has followed in the footsteps of his sire, being an unwavering adherent to Democratic principles and a member of the Catholic church. On Feb. 4, 1879, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Lewis Cruz, a daughter of John B. Cruz, whose sketch appears in this work. To this marriage there have been born the following children: John B., Gertrude, Araminta, Emma, William F., Anna Florence, Samuel R. and Paulie. REV. ROBERT CRANEY, pastor of St. Ann's Catholic church, Morganfield, Ky., was born in the city of Louisville, Feb. 15, 1859, his parents being Dennis and Tirzah (Norman) Craney.His parents were both born in Ireland, married in that country, and soon afterward came to America, settling in Louisville, where both died, the father in 1889 and the mother in 1895.   Rev. Robert Craney acquired his elementary education in the public schools of his native city, after which he graduated from St. Joseph's college at Bardstown, and finished with a course at Preston Park seminary. He left school in 1885, and from that time until 1889 was pastor at various places in the State of Kentucky. In 1889 he came to Morganfield and assumed pastoral charge of St. Ann's parish, in which there are about 150 families. Here for almost fifteen years he has toiled in the vineyard of the Master, rejoicing with those who rejoice and sympathizing  with those who mourn, but always having 160 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY a praiseworthy solicitude for the spiritual welfare of his people. In civic life Father Craney is an exemplary citizen. He takes an interest in all questions touching the public weal, and never hesitates to perform his duty to the whole people as he sees it. Politically he is a conscientious supporter of Democratic principles and affiliates with that party. WILLIAM PETER HITE, a farmer, living near Waverly, Union county, Ky., was born Nov. 12, 1840, in the neighborhood where he now lives. His grandfather, Peter Hite, was born in Germany, but came in early life to the United States,located in Union county, and there became an extensive farmer and slaveholder. He married Polly Clements, a native of Washington county, and both died near Hitesville. In his day Peter Hite was one of the leading Democrats of the county, was widely known and a citizen of considerable influence. One of his sons was John Hite, the father of the subject of this sketch. Ile was reared on the farm, educated at St. Mary's college, and in later life became a large land and slave owner and a prominent citizen. He married Ann Frances Pike, a daughter of William and an aunt of Sylvester Pike. Her mother was a Miss Susan Mills. Her parents settled in Marion county in 1828, and both died there. John Hite and his wife were the parents of six children, three sons and three daughters. Two sons and two daughters are still living. The mother died on April 9, 1880, aged sixty-nine years, and the father on March 26, 1887, at the age of seventy-three. William P. Hite received his elementary education in the common schools, after which he attended St. Mary's college. In May, 1861, he enlisted in Company C, Fourth Kentucky infantry, and served four years, taking part in some of the hottest engagements of the war. At Shiloh he received two severe wounds. After the war he returned to his home and took up the occupation of farming, which he has followed through life. At the present time he is the owner of 320 acres of good land, well improved and in a high state of cultivation. Like his father and grandfather, he is identified with the Democratic party, and held the office of magistrate for a period of twelve years. He has also accepted the religious faith of his ancestors, who were MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 161 members of the Catholic church, and with his family belongs to that denomination. On Nov. 5, 1867, he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Catharine, daughter of Benjamin and Priscilla Jane (Mills) Thomas. Her parents lived in Marion county, where she was born, but during the war removed to Union county. Her father died at Morganfield Sept. 21, 19o4. Her mother died in Marion county, and her father was afterward twice married. William P. and Sarah C. Hite have had the following children: Mary, who married John Hancock and died leaving two sons and two daughters; John, who died in infancy; Anna, married William Wathen and afterward died; B. J., a farmer near Morganfield ; Florence C., who married C. C. Hardesty. She and one of her two children are yet living. IGNATIUS WATHFN, a well known farmer, living near Waverly, Union county, Ky., was born on the farm where he now lives, March 3, 1856. He is a son of Theodore Wathen, mentioned elsewhere in this work. Ignatius Wathen was educated in the common schools and at Gethsemane college. Upon reaching manhood he became a farmer and has followed that vocation all his life. He now owns 182 acres of the old homestead, and is one of the well-to-do farmers of his neighborhood. He takes a commendable interest in public affairs and is identified with the Democratic party on all political questions. On Dec. 3, 1887, he was married to Miss Mary Ann, daughter of Morris and Margaret Ann (Hancock) Griffin, of Henderson county. The ancestors of Mrs. Wathen were among the early settlers in that county. Morris Griffin was born in Ireland, but came to this country when he was about twenty-five years of age and spent the rest of his life in Henderson county. His wife was a daughter of Joseph and Mary (Quinn) Hancock, who lived and died in Henderson county, where they were well known and universally respected. Mrs. Wathen died on Aug. 20, 1902, leaving four children: Margaret Griffin, Paul Ignatius, Ruth Elizabeth and Julia Adell. She was a member of the Methodist church, but Mr. Wathen is a Catholic, and is interested in the many worthy charities of his church. II-11 162 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY JOHN MILTON RONEY, a prominent citizen of St. Vincent, Union county, Ky., was born at Lebanon, in that state, Aug. 16, 1830. His parents, Edward and Elizabeth (Wright) Roney, were both born in Marion county, the father at Lebanon and the mother near there. His grandfather, Roger Roney, was born in Ireland, but came in early manhood to America and located near Lebanon on a farm now owned by the subject of this sketch. He died at Lebanon about the year 1879, aged seventy-nine years. His wife lived to be ninety-three. They had three sons and three daughters. One daughter and two of the sons are still living. John M. Roney grew to manhood on a farm, attended St. Mary's college, after which he learned the carpenters' trade, and in 1855 came to Union county, where he has ever since lived. For several generations his ancestors have been identified with the Catholic church. He was brought up in that faith and has always been interested in the welfare of his church and her institutions. His zeal in this cause led to his being made general manager of the St. Vincent academy in 1861, a position he has held ever since that date, and the duties of which he has discharged with ability and enthusiasm. Mr. Roney is interested in several of the leading financial institutions of the county, notably among them being the People's bank of Morganfield, the Farmers' bank of Uniontown, and the Waverly bank at Waverly. In political matters he affiliated with the Democratic party until 1896, when, being at variance with the party's declarations on the money question, he went over to the Republicans. WILLIAM C. LINDLE, M.D., of Sturgis, Ky., one of the most prominent physicians and surgeons of Union county, is a descendant of old North Carolina and Virginia families, who were among the early settlers of Kentucky. His grandfather, Jacob Joseph Lindle, was born in the year 1798. He married in Spencer county, Ky., a Miss Elizabeth Redmond, and in 1852 removed to Union county, where he died in 1856. One of the sons born to this marriage was Jacob William Lindle, the father of the subject of this sketch. He was born at Fairfield, Nelson county, May r, 1828, received his education in that county, and on July 16, 1850, married Hannah Beasley MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 163 Reynolds in Spencer county. Three years later he removed with his family to Union county and there passed the remainder of his life. In 1864 he built Lindle's mill, and two years later began selling goods there, but discontinued the business after a time to engage in other pursuits. He also owned and operated a distillery and had a good farm in the Lindle precinct, which was named in his honor. In politics he was a stanch Democrat and he was a member of the Masonic fraternity. His death occurred in 1894. .His widow is now living at Sturgis, in the eighty-third year of her age. Their children were Richard Mitchell, William Green, Belle, Maggie Green, Jacob Beasley, Robert Dimmett, Anna and Lavinia. On the maternal side Doctor Lindle's grandfather, Greenbury Reynolds, was born in North Carolina in 1806, came to Spencer county in 1825, and in 1853 settled in Union county, where he died. Hs wife was Nancy Vance Co shill, a daughter of John and Hannah (Beasley) Cogshill. Her father was a native of Culpeper county, Va., married his wife near Frankfort, Ky., and died in Spencer county in 1839. Richard Reynolds, Doctor Lindle's great-grandfather, was a native of North Carolina. He married Anna Holmes in that state, and shortly afterward settled in Kentucky. Dr. William G. Lindle was born on a farm about three miles from Sturgis. His elementary education was acquired in the common schools. In 1877 he Went to Valparaiso, Ind., as a student in the Northern Indiana normal school, and graduated from that institution the following year in the teacher's course. He then taught for about ten years in the schools of Union county and at Eldorado, Ill., leaving the latter place in 1887 to enter the Kentucky School of Medicine at Louisville, where he graduated on the roll of honor in 1888. Soon afterward he commenced the practice of his profession at Otisco, Ind., where he did a successful business for about five years. In 1892 he took a post-graduate course in the New York Polyclinic Institute and at the same time took special courses in diseases of women and children; eye, car, nose and throat; nervous diseases and obstetrics. He then returned to Sturgis, bought several lots at the corner of Sixth and Adams streets, built a handsome residence and office and has since practiced his profession there. In r898 he again went to New York and took a review term in the Polyclinic hospital. The same year he took a major operating course in surgery under Dr. A. G. Gerster, of Mt. Sinai hospital, and an operating course in gynecology. Doctor Lindle is rightly regarded as one of the most progressive physicians in his section of the state. He is fully up to the times in all new discoveries relating to his profession, 164 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY and has a large and lucrative practice. He is well known in Masonic circles, being a member of Kelsey Lodge No. 659; Union Chapter No. 54, Royal Arch Masons, and Alida Commandery No. 21, Knights Templars. He is also a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen and the Golden Cross, and belongs to Chanty Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In religious matters he belongs to the Christian church and is a consistent practitioner of the tenets of his faith. He married some years ago Miss Mary Ellen Kirk, who was reared in tJnion county. She died on June 18, 1903. B. F. HUMPHREY, M.D., an eminent young physician of Sturgis, Union county, Ky., was born near that town on March 3, 1877. His parents, J. B. and Cordelia Ann (Nall) Humphrey, are both natives of McLean county, Ky., were married in that county, and in 1872 removed to Union county, where they still live on a farm about five miles from the town of Sturgis. They are the parents of seven sons and three daughters, all living but one son. The father is an influential maxi in the community where he resides. He takes an active interest in political affairs as a Democrat and is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He and his wife are both members of the Baptist church. Dr. B. F. Ilumphrey received his primary education in the public schools, and in 1897 graduated from Bethel college at Russellville, Ky., with the degree of Bachelor of Sciences. He then took up the study of medicine and in 1901 received the degree of M.D. from the medical department of the University of Louisville. The same year he located at Sturgis and began the practice of his profession. Although one of the youngest physicians in the county he has won a high standing, both with his brother doctors and the public, and is on the high road to professional success. He is a member of Silver Lodge No. 68, Knights of Pythias. On Feb. 3, 1903, Doctor Humphrey and Miss Lillian Russell were united in marriage. She is a native of Paris, Tex., where her father, Thomas Russell, is a retired business man. Her mother was Annie Henry, born in Union county, a daughter of Thomas and Mary (Hawkins) Henry, old settlers of Union county, where her father was a prominent farmer and slaveholder before the war. To Dr. Humphrey and his wife there has been born one daughter, whom they have named Dorothy Russell. Both himself and wife are members of the Baptist church. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 165 WILLIAM BURNETT GOAD, a retired farmer of Sturgis, Union county, Ky., was born in that county in June, 1861. He is the only child of John Bail and Rebecca (Gatling) Goad, both natives of Hopkins county, where the grandparents, John and Rachel Goad, were among the early settlers, coming from Virginia. John and Rachel Goad had three children, two sons and a daughter, all now deceased. In his day he was one of the large land and slave owners of Hopkins county. A few years before the Civil war the parents of William B. Goad settled in Union county, where the father owned a farm of 300 acres at the time of his death, which occurred on July 26, 1896. He was one of the prominent Democrats of the county and he and his wife were members of the Baptist church. She died in August, 1899. Her father, Ephraim Gatling, was also one of the pioneers of Hopkins county. William B. Goad attended the public schools in his boyhood and later Bethel college at Russellville, Ky. For a number of years he followed the vocation of a farmer and was also interested in buying and selling horses. In 1902 he retired from the active conduct of his farm and came to Sturgis. Here he built one of the finest residences in the town and is one of the prominent citizens. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias, holding membership in both bodies at Sturgis. His wife is a Kaptist and he is a constant attendant at her church. About the time that he settled in Sturgis he became one of the organizers of the First National bank of that place, was one of the first board of directors and later vice-president, but is not now connected with the institution. On Feb. 25, 1891, he was married to Miss Lulu Harris, a native of Union county. Her father is J. D. Harris, a prominent citizen of Sturgis, a son of Thomas and Mahala (Redmond) Harris, and came with his parents from Spencer county when he was about four years old. His paternal grandfather, Webb Harris, was born in Virginia and was one of the early settlers of Spencer county. He was one of the organizers of the bank above referred to, and was its first cashier. He belongs to Kelsey Lodge, No. 659, Free and Accepted Masons; Union Chapter, No. 54, Royal Arch Masons, and Alida Commandery, No. 21, Knights Templars. His wife was Miss Nancy O. Jones, a daughter of W. H. Jones, a native of Union county. She is a member of the Christian church. Mr. Goad still owns his farm of 400 acres and looks after its management. He is one of the public spirited men of Sturgis and is always in favor of any movement for the general advancement of the interests of the town. 166 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY WILLIAM H. NUNN, M.D., a popular and successful physician of Henshaw, Union county, Ky., comes of one of the old pioneer families of the state. About the beginning of the last century his paternal grandparents, Ira and Sarah (Langston) Nunn, came from their native state of Georgia and located in Crittenden county. There he became one of the leading citizens, and at one time owned something like 3,000 acres of land in that and Union counties. They died in Crittenden county and their remains rest in the little cemetery on the old Nunn homestead. They were both members of the Methodist church. One of their sons was Thomas L. Nunn, the father of Dr. Nunn. He was born in Crittenden county, was educated in the common schools there, became a successful farmer and one of the prominent men of his neighborhood. He served as master of Zion Hill Masonic lodge and won considerable reputation as an orator. He married Sarah C., daughter of Robert H. and Pernicia (Young) Haynes, who were also pioneers of Crittenden county. The maternal grandmother of Dr. Nunn was a member of the Georgia family of Livingstons, dating back to colonial days, Alexander Stephens being a relative. Thomas L. Nunn and iris wife had ten children, seven of whom are still living. He died on the old homestead on Jan. i6, i88o, and was buried in the cemetery already mentioned. His widow is still living near Marion, aged seventy-three years. Dr. W. H. Nunn was born near Marion, Ky., Sept. 10, 1854. After acquiring a common school education he commenced teaching and followed that occupation for several years, reading medicine in the meantime. On Feb. 22, 1881, he was graduated from the medical department of the University of Tennessee at Nashville, and soon afterward began practicing near his home in Crittenden county. In 18g1 he located at Henshaw, where he has established a lucrative practice. Dr. Nunn is a member of the Ohio Valley and Kentucky State Medical associations and of the Union County Medical society. His professional standing is of the very best and his reputation as a citizen is that of a patriotic, public spirited and law abiding man. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Shiloh Lodge, No. 453, at Grove Center; Union Chapter, No, 54, Royal Arch Masons, at Sturgis; and Alida Com- MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 167 mandery, No. 21, Knights Templars. On Jan. 27, 1891, he led to the altar Miss Ida J. King, of Crittenden county, and to this union there have been born two children, Olga Lucile and J. Proctor. Dr. Nunn and his family belong to the Methodist Episcopal church. HENRY RICHARDS DYER, a merchant of Henshaw, Union county, Ky., was born in that county, Jan. 18, 1857. His grandfather, William Dyer, came from Virginia at a very early date and aided in locating the county seat of Union county at Morganfield. He married a Miss Harris, a native of the county, and both died near Morganfield. One of their sons was Harvey Dyer, the father of the subject of this sketch. He was born and reared in the county, married Mrs. America Bingham, widow of James C. Bingham, also a native of the county, and devoted the greater part of his life to agricultural pursuits, owning a farm of 465 acres near Henshaw. He attended the common schools, and, starting in at the age of eighteen years, he became a fine Latin scholar under the instruction of Professor Johnson. He and his wife were members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. They died within two weeks of each other, her death occurring on Oct. z6, 1872, and h:s on Nov. 1st. They had six children. Three died in infancy and three are living, viz.: W. C., a resident of Dekoven; Henry R., the subject of this sketch: and George, who has been a mail clerk on the Illinois Central railroad for a number of years. The maiden name of the mother of these children was America Henry. Her father, Patrick Henry, was a native of Ireland, a pioneer of Union county, and died near Caseyville, where he was a large land and slave owner before the war. She had one son by her first marriage, S. H. Bingham, of Henshaw, whose sketch appears in this work. Henry R. Dyer obtained his education in the common schools and a select school at Caseyville, under W. C. Diramitt, and until 1899 followed farming for a livelihood. In that year he formed a partnership with J. V. Runyan in the mercantile line, and has since been engaged in that business at Henshaw. Mr. Dyer is one of the most active Democrats in the county. In this he has followed the example of both his father and grandfather, who were prominent in the councils of that party. He served as magistrate from 1886 to 1890; was road supervisor from 1890 to 1894; and for several years has been district committeeman. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Shiloh Lodge, No. 4.53, of which he was worshipful master for ten years; Union Chapter, No. 54, Royal Arch Masons, at Sturgis; and 168 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY to the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. He is a member and for several years has held the office of elder in the Christian church. Mr. Dyer has been married three times: First to Miss Allie Evans, of Lyon county, on Jan. 29, 1878, and who died in March, 1882, leaving one daughter, Jennie; second, to Miss Katie Bishop, of Union county, on May 2, 1884, and who died on May 16, 1888, leaving one son, Harry; third, to Miss Sallie, daughter of Hugh Nunn, an old resident of Union county, on April 29, 1890, and to this union there have been born two children, Mary Casey and Henry Richards, Jr. Katie Bishop was a daughter of John P. Bishop, whose sketch appears in this work. The present Mrs. Dyer is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. J. P. BISHOP, M.D., of Henshaw, Union county, Ky., is one of the popular and promising young physicians in that section of the state. He is a native of the county; a son of John P. Bishop, mentioned elsewhere in this work; was educated in the elementary branches in the common schools of his native county, and grew to manhood on his father's farm. In 1897 he was graduated from the South Kentucky college, at Hopkinsville, and soon afterward began the study of medicine. In May, 1901, he graduated from the medical department of the University of Cincinnati, O. Shortly after receiving his degree he located at Henshaw, where, by his close attention to business, his genial disposition and sympathetic nature, he has built up a practice of which a physician of more mature years might well feel proud. Dr. Bishop is a member of the Kentucky State Medical association and the Medical society of Union county. In fraternal circles he belongs to the Modern Woodmen of America; in religious matters he is a member of the Christian church, and in politics he is a Republican in whom there is no guile. In 1903 he was a delegate from Union county to the Republican state convention, and is always interested in promoting the principles and success of his party. Notwithstanding his pronounced political activity he does not permit any political matters to interfere with his professional duties. He is one of those physicians who understand the true nature of the Hippocratic oath, and no call from the afflicted is turned aside. Dr. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 169 Bishop is a student of everything pertaining to his noble calling. He realizes that the mere possession of a diploma does not make a physician and that there is much to be learned after the doors of the university close behind the graduate. With this view, and the fact that he has a laudable ambition to enroll his name among the eminent men of his profession, it will not be surprising if the future confers still greater honors upon him. In addition to his professional duties he is interested in business enterprises; is secretary and treasurer of the Henshaw brick and tile works; holds the office of town clerk and treasurer, and is always interested in every movement to promote the general welfare of Henshaw. JOHN B. NUNN, a farmer, living one and a fourth miles east of Sturgis, Union county, Ky., was born in that county, Nov. 16, 1859, his parents being Hugh and Mildred (Whitecotton) Nunn. (See sketch of Dr. W. H. Nunn for an extended account of the family ancestry.) Hugh Nunn spent the greater part of his life in Union county, where he followed the occupation of farming. He was a prominent Democrat and for twenty years held the office of magistrate. He was twice married. His first wife was a Miss Hughes, and to this union there were born two children, both now deceased. His second wife was a daughter of George Whitecotton. She was born in Jefferson county, Ky., but came with her parents to Union county in her girlhood. She died on Sept. 26, 1876, the mother of ten children—eight daughters and two sons—all living but one. Hugh Nunn died on June 1, 1887. He and his wife were both members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. John B. Nunn was reared on the farm and educated in the public and private schools of Union and adjoining counties. He now owns and occupies the old Whitecotton homestead, that formerly belonged to his mother's parents. In politics he is an active factor in shaping the affairs of the Democracy of Union county, and now holds the office of deputy county assessor. He is a member of Kelsey Lodge, No. 659, Free and Accepted Masons; Silver Lodge, No. 68, Knights of Pythias; and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Sturgis. On Dec. 27, 1882, he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah C., daughter of William S. Martin, an old resident of Union county, who died in 1883. To this marriage there have been born the following children: G. W., Casey S., Clifton A., Georgia S., Byers A. and Cantrell. Mr. and Mrs. Nunn belong to the Cumberland Presbyterian church at Sullivan. 170 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY SILAS HENRY BINGHAM, a prosperous and well known farmer, living about one and a half miles from Henshaw. Union county, Ky., is of Irish ancestry and a descendant of one of the old colonial families. About the middle of the eighteenth century, John Bingham and two brothers came from the Emerald Isle to America. One of the brothers settled in Pennsylvania and the other two finally located in Ohio. All were soldiers in the American army during the Revolutionary war, and all reared large families. One of John Bingham's sons was Silas, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. He was a millwright by trade and married Martha A. Cranston. After his death at Athens, O., his widow went to Trigg county, Ky., and there passed the remainder of her days. James C. Bingham, a son of this marriage, was born at Athens in the year 1817. He learned the trade of millwright with his father and followed that occupation the greater part of his life. He was an active Whig in politics and was a member of the Methodist church. He married America Henry, a daughter of Alexander and Nancy (Richards) Henry, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Union county. Alexander Henry was of Irish parentage, his parents, William Henry and wife, coming from that country and locating in Hopkins county, Ky., where both died. James Bingham and his wife had two sons, one of whom died in infancy, and the other is the subject of this sketch. The father died in Trigg county on Nov. 11, 1847, and his widow subsequently married Edwin H. Dyer. (See sketch of Henry R. Dyer.) Silas H. Bingham was born in Trigg county, Oct. 16, 1843. He received his education in the public schools. On Oct. 19, 1861, three days after he had reached the age of eighteen years, he enlisted in Company G, First Kentucky Confederate volunteer cavalry, and served until June, 1865. In that time he was in the battles at Perryville, Murfreesboro, Stone River, Missionary Ridge. Resaca, Big Shanty, Washington, Ga., around Atlanta, and in many minor skirmishes. After the war he returned to his native state, and on April 5, 1866, married Miss Margaret Gardner, a native of Spencer county and a daughter of Benjamin Sidney Gardner, an old resident of the county. Her father died in California about the close of the war. To this marriage there were born the following children: MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 171 Mary Irene, Thomas C., Louisa, James H., William B.., John B., America, Margaret and Laura S. Mary Irene and Margaret are deceased. The mother of these children died on March 30, 1901. and Mr. Bingham married Ollie Holt, of Union county. His first wife was a member of the Catholic church and his children have been brought up in that faith. His present wife is a Methodist. Mr. Bingham now owns about 170 acres of land. In politics he is an unflinching Democrat; served sixteen years as magistrate and eight years as county assessor, and has served his party eight years as chairman of the Democratic county central committee. He is a member of the Knights of Honor, which is the only fraternal society to claim him as a member. JOHN S. WINSTON, a farmer of Union county, Ky., was born Nov. 20, 1852, on the farm where he now lives, three miles from the town of Sturgis. His father, William Winston, was a native of Hanover county, Va., but came to Union county in early life and there passed the remainder of his days. He had the advantages of some of the best schools in Virginia and was a highly educated man. After coming to Kentucky he became a farmer on a large scale, owned several slaves and was an influential citizen. In politics he was a Democrat; was a member of the Masonic fraternity, and in religion was a member of the Christian church, in which he held the office of elder for a long time. His wife was also a member of the same church. He married Eliza Lawson, a native of Union county, and to this union there were born three children. One died in infancy; Willie was killed by accident; and John S. is the subject of this sketch and the only survivor. The mother of these children is still living in Union county. John S. Winston grew to manhood on the old homestead, a fine farm of 400 acres, which he now owns, and is one of the up-to-date farmers of his community. He takes a keen interest in all matters pertaining to public policy and for years has been the member from South Sturgis of the Democratic central committee. His aid can always be depended on to win a Democratic victory at the polls. In fraternal matters he is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, belonging to the lodge at Sturgis, which is one of the best in the state. In 1873 he was married to Miss Jennie, daughter of John Waskom, an old settler of the county. Her mother was a Miss Lisk. She died in November, 1904. Mr. and Mrs. Winston have two daughters: one the wife of Dr. Handley, of Sturgis, and the other the wife of Thomas Williams, of Corydon, Ky. 172 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY JAMES T. BISHOP, an old resident of Union county, Ky., residing on his, farm near Sturgis, was born in Jefferson county, of that state, June 27, 1828. His grandfather, Lawrence Bishop, was a native of either Pennsylvania or Maryland and came to Bullitt county, Ky., at a very early date, where he spent the remainder of his life. His son Daniel married Catharine McKowan, widow of A. McKowan and this couple were the parents of James T. Bishop. The mother's maiden name was Patterson. By her first marriage she had four children, none of whom are now living. Of the four children born to her second marriage the subject of this sketch is the only survivor. James T. Bishop was reared on a farm and has been a tiller of the soil through life. He received his education in the public schools of his native county and later came to Union. For more than fifty years he has been a member of the Masonic fraternity. He was made a Mason in Bullitt county, but now holds his membership in Kelsey Lodge, No. 659, of Sturgis. Since the war he has been a Republican, and he and his family belong to the Christian church. Mr. Bishop has been twice married. In 1854 he was married to Miss Judith Jackson, of Bullitt county, and to this marriage there were born ten children, nine of whom are still living. His first wife died in 1882, and about two years later he was married to Mrs. Annie (Brump) Hopkins, the widow of Dr. Hopkins, She has one child by her last marriage, Arthur Leroy Bishop. The children born to Mr. Bishop by his first wife are Albert D., John W., James C., Newton, Laura, Elydia, Daniel W., Dora, Addie and Clarence, all living except Laura. Mr. Bishop is a splendid example of a self-made man. Beginning life in a humble way he has prospered by his industry and the exercise of his intellectual faculties, until he is today one of the leading farmers in the community where he lives. He owns nearly 240 acres of fine land, well improved and in a high state of cultivation, all of which has been accumulated by his own energy. GEORGE W. McKEAIG, a farmer of Union county, Ky., living about three miles from the town of Sturgis, is descended from one of the old colonial families. His great-grandfather, Harrison Mc- MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 173 Keaig, was an Indian fighter of note in the early settlement of the country. Harrison McKeaig's son Samuel married Lydia Fields, a native of Bullitt county, Ky., and they settled not far from the city of Louisville. In the same neighborhood lived John Smith and his wife, whose maiden name was Betsey Hall. John Smith was at the battle of Tippecanoe and took part in the war of 1812. John H. McKcaig, a son of Samuel and Lydia, was born in Jefferson county, Ky., received his education in the public schools there, married Sarah A., daughter of John and Betsey Smith, and in 1871 removed to Union county. He was prominent in politics as a Democrat, was a member of the Masonic fraternity and belonged to the Methodist church. He died in 1893, aged eighty years. His wife died in Jefferson county in 1862. They had ten children, seven of whom are still living. George W. 1lMIcKeaig, one of the sons, was born near Louisville, Jan. 13, 1847. After the regular preliminary training in the public schools he attended high school and finished his education at Belgrove academy. For some time he was employed on public works in the State of Ohio, after which he engaged in the edge tool business. He was in Evansville, Ind., for about three years, and came to Union county at the same time as his father. Since 1890 he has been engaged in farming. He now owns a little over eighty acres of land, having recently sold ioo acres. Mr. McKeaig was one of the commissioners to arrange the Union county exhibit for the Louisiana Purchase exposition at St. Louis in 1904, and won a medal for corn grown upon his farm. Politically he is a Democrat, and, while firm in his convictions, is not an aspirant for public office. In 1875 he led to the altar Miss Julia Lockhart, of Union county, and to this marriage there have been born six children, viz.: Alma, Clyde, Della, Elbert, Durward and Orville. Clyde and Orville are deceased. Mr. McKeaig and his family belong to the Baptist church. JOHN WHITEHEAD, SR., who since 1868 has been superintendent of the mines at Dekoven, Union county, Ky., was born Dec. 17, 1836, in Cheshire, England. In 1840 he came with his parents. William and Elizabeth (Lewis) Whitehead, to America. His father had been a mine foreman in England, and upon coming to this country he settled in Schuylkill county, Pa., where he found employment at his old occupation. He died in that, county, was buried at Port Carbon, and in 1854 the widow with her six children came to Union county. Two daughters remained in Pennsylvania and one died in infancy in England. John Whitehead obtained his education 174 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY in the common schools, and at the age of eight years commenced working in the mines during his vacations. When he came to Union county he began working in the mines at Dekoven, and in 1857 was placed in charge of the outside business of the Kentucky Coal Company. Since then he has been connected with different companies and since 1868 has been general superintendent of the Dekoven mines, as already mentioned. Mr. Whitehead has been brought up to the business of mining coal, and few men have a better understanding of all the details of the work. For threescore years he has been connected with mines, beginning at the bottom and working his way up to his present position. Politically he is a Republican, but can hardly be called an active politician. Ln church relationship he and his wife are Baptists. His father was a Whig and a Presbyterian. Mr. Whitehead is well known in the fraternal organizations of Dekoven, being a member of the Free and Accepted Masons, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and the Knights of Honor. He has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Margaret Stephenson, a native of Scotland, and to this union there were born seven children. Two died in infancy; William and Elizabeth died later in life, and John, James and Margaret are living. His second wife was Ellen Yeakey, of Union county. The children of this marriage are Annie, Charles, Susan Ellen and Henry. CLAYTON PERCIVAL NOGGLE, manager of the Ohio Valley Coal and Mining Company's store at Dekoven, Union county, Ky., is a native of the "Buckeye State," having been born at Greenfield, Huron county, O., Dec. 23, 1865. He is a son of George W. Noggle, a sketch of whose life appears elsewhere in this work. His education was acquired in the schools of Havana and Plymouth, O., in Union county, and in 1884 he graduated from the commercial college at Evansville, Ind. Upon completing his education he entered the employ of the Ohio Valley Coal and Mining Company as a clerk and has gradually worked his way upward to the position of general manager of the store, which position he has held for the last three years. Mr. Noggie is a fine example of what can be accomplished by industry and perseverance. At the age of nineteen he began his business career. Instead of waiting for some friend to secure him a position through personal influence, without regard to his merit, he took what was offered him and by energy and the exercise of his intellectual faculties demonstrated that he was worthy of promotion. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 175 It is very rarely that such men fail to receive their deserts, and today he occupies a confidential position, is trusted by his employers with weighty business matters, handles large sums of the company's money—all because he has proven himself capable and trustworthy. Mr. Noggle is a Republican in his opinions, but is not an active politician. He is prominent in Masonic circles, being a member of Kelsey Lodge, No. 659; Union Chapter, No. 54, Royal Arch Masons; and Alicia Commandery, No. 21, Knights Templars, all of Sturgis. In 1895 he was united in marriage to -A2iss Margaret Wallingford. of Marion, Ky., and to this union there have been born two children: Dudley Clayton, born Feb. 28, 1896, and Leona Mildred, born Oct. 28, I902. GEORGE WASHINGTON NOGGLE, cashier and paymaster for the Ohio Valley Railroad and Mining Company, at Dekoven, Union county, Ky., was born in Greenfield township, Huron county, 0.. April 26, 1839. His ancestors came from Germany during the colonial days, his great-great-grandfather, Ezra Banghart Koggle, having been a soldier in the American army during the Revolutionary war. His father, Jacob K oggle, was born at Chambersburg, Pa., in 1813, but removed in childhood with his father, Joseph Noggle, to Westmoreland county of that state, then to Wayne county, O., and in 1822 to Huron county. In 1834 he married Jane Gibbs and settled on a farm in Greenfield township, though at that time there was really no farm there, their cabin standing in the woods. He cleared the farm and lived there until his death in 1884. He and his wife had three children: one who died in infancy; Fannie, now a Mrs. Ransom, of Chicago; and the subject of this sketch. The mother of these children died at the home of her daughter in Chicago in 1902, aged eighty-three years. Both parents are buried near the old home in Huron county. George W. Noggle was educated in the common schools of Huron county. In 1861 he married Emina Alice Kelsey, who was born in the same neighborhood as himself, and soon after his marriage enlisted in the Third Ohio cavalry. The regiment was assigned to Buell's command and was in numerous skirmishes, but took no part in the larger military operations of the war. While in the service he was permanently injured by being crushed between some horses, and after thirteen months of service was discharged. Upon returning home he went to Cleveland, where he was for four years in the employ of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad Company. He then returned to Huron county, and for the next 176 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY seven years was engaged in merchandizing. At the end of that time he removed to Plymouth, O., where he remained until 1876, when he came to Union county as manager of the store for the Ohio Valley Railroad and Mining Company. This position he held until 1902, when he came into his present place. Mr. Noggle is prominent in Masonic circles, being a member of the lodge, chapter, council and commandery. For six years he was eminent commander of Alida Commandery, No. 21, Knights Templars, of Sturgis. He is also widely known as a musician, having been connected with a brass band in almost every place he has ever lived. In r88r he organized the Dekoven cornet band, and since that time has been connected with it. Previous to that time he had organized several bands. Mr. Noggle owns property in the city of Cleveland, and is one of the substantial men of the community in which he lives, being noted for his business sagacity and public spirit. He and his wife are both members of the Baptist church. They have had two children: Harry died at the age of seven and a half years; Clayton P. is mentioned elsewhere in this work. SAMUEL PRATT STURGIS, secretary and general manager of the Ohio Valley Coal and Mining Company, Dekoven, Union county, Ky., is a native of Indiana, having been born in the city of Fort Wayne, March 20, 1855. He is a on of Dr. Charles Edmund and Louisa (Ewing) Sturgis, the former a native of Maryland and the latter of Miami county, O. They were married at Logansport, Ind., and went to Fort Wayne in early life. At that time Indians still inhabited that part of the country, and Doctor Sturgis practiced his profession in the old fort from which the city took its name. He continued to practice there for many years, and was one of the most noted physicians in Northern Indiana. The town of Sturgis, Mich., was named in his honor. In politics he was one of the leading Democrats of his section of the state, representing Allen county in both branches of the Indiana legislature. His last service to his party was in 1868, when he was a delegate to the national convention that nominated Seymour and Blair, as he died on Nov. 24 of that year. During the Civil war he was a surgeon MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 177 and had charge of the drafting of men for the service. His wife died at Fort Wayne, March 10, 1886. Of their twelve children two sons and two daughters are still living. Doctor Sturgis was also a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, and he and his wife were Old School Presbyterians. Samuel Pratt Sturgis received his early education at Fort Wayne. After the death of his father he went to Louisville, Ky., where he attended the public schools for two years, and finished with a commercial course in the Bryant & Stratton business college. For the next five years after leaving school he was with the firm of Green & Green, two years as collector and three as a traveling salesman. In 1876 he came to Union county, as a bookkeeper for what is now the Ohio Valley Coal and Mining Company, and has ever since been connected with that corporation, rising to his present position through his energy and fine business qualifications. In connection with Percival Gates Kelsey he promoted the Ohio Valley railroad and was the first secretary of the company. This road was backed financially by Capt. Samuel S. Brown, a Pittsburg millionaire, sometimes called the "Coal King." Mr. Sturgis is president of the Union County Fair association and the Ohio Valley Axle Company of Dekoven. As a compliment to his interest in developing the resources of Union county, the town of Sturgis was named in his honor. In addition to his many other business connections, he is a licensed steamboat pilot and a notary public. In political matters Mr. Sturgis is a Democrat, but does not take an especially active part in party work. In fraternal circles he occupies a prominent place, especially in Masonry. In this order he is a member of Kelsey Lodge, No. 659; Union Chapter, No. 54, Royal Arch Masons; Etta Council, No. 58; Alicia Commandery, No. 21, Knights Templars; Louisville Consistory, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, and Corsair Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, of Louisville. He is also a Knight of Honor, holding his membership at Caseyville. In 1878 he was married to Miss Lymna Orvillet Kelsey, a sister of Dr. P. G. Kelsey, of New York City. Arthur P. Kelsey, a son of Dr. Kelsey, is manager of a large farm for the Ohio Valley Coal and Mining Company. Mr. and Mrs. Sturgis are members of the Baptist church. JOHN T. GRAHAM, a prominent farmer and an extensive dealer in fine stock, was born in Union county, Ky., April 28, 1859. He is the son of James and Alice (Ginety) Graham, both natives of Ireland, who came to the United States about the year 1840, and settled in Union county, Ky. James Graham was a farmer, a Dem- II-12 178 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY ocrat and a member of the Catholic church. He and wife had ten children, of whom six are still living. He died at his home in 1868, and was followed by his wife in 1892. The subject of this sketch received a fair common school education in his native county. Reared on a farm, he chose farming as his life's work. His farm is located one and one-half miles from Dekoven. While managing the home place, he finds time to cultivate a large tract of land, which he rents of the Ohio Valley Coal and Mining Company. He is very successful as a breeder of Polled Durham cattle and Poland-China hogs, both of which he raises on a large scale. Mr. Graham first married Miss Lottie Oakes, of Union county, Ky., and by her had seven children, five still living. Those living are James P., John W., Leonard R., Orville and Arthur. Mrs. Graham was a kind, loving mother and a devout Catholic. She died Nov. 17, 1902. Jan. 20, 1903, Mr. Graham married Mrs. Mary Stephenson, of Union county, Ky. To this union three children have been born : William, Ella and Alma. He is a stanch Democrat, an earnest Catholic and an Odd Fellow. Push, energy and effort have made. Mr. Graham a decided success in his chosen calling. JEFFERSON D. PRIDE, a prominent and successful farmer of Lnion county, Kv., living near Eordley, is a native of that state, having been born in Logan county, April 7, 1861. He is a son of James S. and Piety (Porter) Pride, to whom six children were born, all living. The paternal grandparents were Francis and Elizabeth (Mearl) Pride, natives of North and South Carolina respectively. The maternal grandparents were David and Martha (Johnson) Porter. James S. Pride was a native of Tennessee. He was married three times. His first wife was a Miss Ann Eliza Crawford, by. whom he had four children, three of whom are yet living. His second marriage was to Miss Porter, already mentioned. His third wife was a bliss Harriet Hardy, a native of Tennessee, and to this marriage were born five children, four of whom survive. Francis Pride was a wealthy land and slave holder and a very successful business man. The subject of this sketch has doubtless inherited some of his business ability, as he is the owner of 200 acres MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 179 of the finest land in Union county, well stocked and improved. He was reared on a farm and has been brought up to the business, receiving his education in the common schools. All his life has been passed in Union county, where he is well known and has a high standing in the community where he lives. Politically he is a Democrat, and while he takes a laudable interest in public affairs he is by no means an active politician. In fraternal matters he belongs to Bordley Lodge No. 390, Free and Accepted Masons. His parents were both devoted members of the Baptist church and contributed to its good works. In 1892 Jefferson D. Pride and Miss Margaret Walker were united in marriage. She is a native of Kenton county, Ky. J. W. WATSON, M.D., a prominent and highly successful physician of Lordley, Ky., was born in Union county, of that state, March 1, 1863. He is the son of Thomas and Amelia (Youngs) Watson, both natives of Kentucky, he of Henderson and she of Union county. Thomas was the son of Jacob Watson, a native of Kentucky, who died in Henderson county at the age of eighty-eight years. The wife of Thomas Watson was a Miss Nancy Robina Handley before her marriage. She died near Corydon, Ky. The maternal grandfather of the subject, D. M. Youngs, was a native of Christian county and died in Union county about 1889. The maiden name of the grandmother was Louisa Jane Pritchett. Dr. Watson's father was a blacksmith, wagon,-maker and a Democrat. He died June 7, 1893. His wife still lives at Bordley, Ky., aged sixty-four years. She is a devout member of the Christian church. Their marriage was blessed with seven children, five of whom are living. The subject of this sketch was reared in I-Ienderson county and received his literary education in the schools of Corydon and Providence, and on June 21, 1894, graduated from the Kentucky School of Medicine of Louisville. In 1904 he took a post-graduate course in the Chicago Clinical School of Medicine. For three years he practiced medicine at Wanamaker, Webster county, Ky. For the past seven years he has enjoyed an extensive and lucrative practice at Bordley. His high standing as a physician 180 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY is vouched for by the fact that he holds membership in the following medical societies: The Kentucky State and Ohio Valley Medical associations and the Union County Medical society. He is a member of Bordley Lodge No. 390, Free and Accepted Masons; St. Luke's Lodge, No. 204, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and Ideal Lodge of the Tribe of Ben Hur. On Dec. i5, 1895, he married Miss Frances Parker of Webster county, and had one child by her. It died in infancy. His wife died Feb.11, 1898, and he married, the next year, Miss Lucretia B. Fryer, the daughter of George W. Fryer of Bordley. Three children have blessed this union, viz.: Muriel Juanita, Lettie Echert, and Letcher. The ownership of 177 acres of fine land near Bordley makes Dr. Watson a comparatively rich man. MONTGOMERY GRASSHAM, a blacksmith of Salem, Ky., was born in Roane county, Tenn., March 19, 1843. He is the son of Nehemiah Grassham and the grandson, of John and Sarah (Woolsey) Grassham, both natives of Roane county, where they lived and died. Montgomery Grassham came to Crittenden county, Ky., with his parents when eight years old, where he resided until Dec. 14, 1868. He then removed to Salem, Livingston county, and farmed for several years. Since then he has followed his trade uninterruptedly for thirty-three years. He is a Democrat in politics, an Odd Fellow and a member of Salem Lodge No. 8r, Free and Accepted Masons. In 1861 he married Miss Lucy Caroline Grimmett of Monroe county, Tenn., daughter of Samuel and Fannie (Rankin) Grimmett, who came to Crittenden county, Ky., in 1851. One child was born to this marriage, Josephine, who died Sept. 3, 1864. His wife dying in March, 1864, Mr. Grassham, on Jan. 17, 1865, married Miss Martha Elizabeth Mahan, daughter of William and Sarah (Potten) Mahan, the former a native of North Carolina and the latter of Livingston county, where both died. By his second wife Mr. Grassham has had nine children. The first was born Oct. 17, 1865, and died in infancy. The second child, Martha Caroline Grassham, is now the wife of Dr. C. E. Percell, of Paducah, Ky. She has the double honor of having held the first state certificate and of having taught the first graded school in Livingston county. She graduated from the Lebanon, O., normal and for several years was a noted teacher. This family has two children, named Ewart Edison Grassham and Sarah LaVerne. The third child is Charles Cario Grassham, born March 20, . 1871, and now a successful lawyer at the MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 181 Smithland bar. Emma, the fourth child, was born Dec. 8, 1872, and died December rg of the same year. Anna Dean, the fifth child, was born Oct. 7, 1874, and died November 27 following. The sixth child was Lucy Elizabeth, who was born Oct. 13, 1875, and died Nov. 17, 1878. The seventh child, Sarah Doc., was born March 23, 1878. William Montgomery, the eighth child, was born at Salem, March 1, 1882. Kit Oliver, the youngest, was born Feb. 12, 1884. J. T. WOOLFE, a prominent miller of Salem, Ky., was born in Caldwell county, of that state, Aug11, 1849. His parents were W. H. and Matilda (Baker) Woolfe, both born in Caldwell county. W. H. Woolfe was the son of Alfred and Polly (Bond) Woolfe, the former a native of North Carolina and the latter of Caldwell county. The maternal grandparents of J. T. Woolfe were Wiley and Nancy (Howard) Baker, natives of North Carolina and Kentucky respectively. Both died in Caldwell county. The grandfathers on both sides of the house were farmers and Democrats. The Bakers and the Woolfes are earnest Baptists. W. H. Woolfe received a common school education and has followed farming for a living. He came to Crittenden county in 1851 and now resides about eight miles east of Marion, where his wife died in 1897. This family reared nine children, of whom seven are living. The father was a Democrat and during the war, a magistrate. J. T. Woolfe was reared on a farm in Crittenden county and had the benefit of a common school education. At the age of seventeen years he went into the sawmilling business, which be followed for five years. From that time up to 1891 he followed farming and stock raising. Selling his farm he next engaged for four years in the hardware business in Fredonia, Caldwell county, after which he came to Salem and purchased a small saw and grist mill. In 1892 he built a new flour mill, and since that time has built tip an extensive business. On Dec. 5, 1872, he married Miss Sarah A. Drennan, the daughter of David Drennan, born and reared in Kentucky. Her mother was also a Kentuckian by birth. Their parents came either from Virginia or North Carolina. Mr. and Mrs. Woolfe had six children, all living. They are Rosalie, Nettie, Elmer, Cleveland and Byron 182 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY at Berea, Ky., and George in ancestors, is a Democrat and a a devout Baptist, died Nov. 29, 1903 ROBERT H. GRASSHAM, an eminent physician of Livingston county, Ky., was born in that county, April 28, 2868. He is the son of Philip and Catherine (Grimmett) Grassham, both natives of Tennessee, the former born Dec. 27, 1827, and the latter June 6, 1828. Philip was the son of Nehemiah and Mary (Clark) Grassham, the former a native of Kentucky and the latter of Tennessee. They were married June 20, 1822, and settled in Crittenden county March io, 1851, where his wife died Aug. 20, 1858, and he ten years later. Samuel Grimmett, the maternal grandfather of Doctor Grassham, was a native of Virginia. He married Miss Fannie Rankin, both of whom spent their last days in Tennessee. Philip Grassham was educated in the public schools of his home county. In 1851 he came to Crittenden county and enraged in merchaudizing and dealing in tobacco. In 1869 he became a Republican, having been a Democrat up to that time. He was a Mason and attended the Christian church, of which he was an active member. They had eight children, of whom five are still living. Those living are : Phillip, Sallie, Nettie, for seven, years postmistress at Salem ; Lizzie and Robert H. Philip Grassham died Oct. 25, 1902, and is survived by his widow. Dr. Robert H. Grassham, after completing his common school education, entered the Madisonville, Ky., Normal School and Business college, from which he graduated in 1886. He graduated from Miami Medical college, Cincinnati, O., in 1890. Beginning the practice of his profession immediately after graduating he has built up an extensive and lucrative business. The doctor is a member of the Southwestern Kentucky Medical association: also of the American Medical association. He is a Royal Arch Mason and a member of Salem Lodge No. 81, Free and Accepted Masons. On Oct. 8, 1902, he married Miss Margie Gore of Crittenden county. J. A. PIERCE, farmer and stock raiser, near Salem, Ky., was born in, Jefferson county, Tenn., Dec. 16, 1842. He is the son of Stanton Pierce, a native of Russell county, Kv., whose wife was Miss Mary Bettis, a native of Jefferson county, Tenn, Stanton was the son of Jeremiah and Jane (Hall) Pierce, both natives of Russell county. He died in that county and she in Crittenden county. He was a farmer, a Whig, and a Baptist. His wife was a member of MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 183 the Primitive Baptist church. The maternal grandfather of J. A. Pierce was Eli Bettis, a native of North Carolina, whose father came to America from Italy in an early day and died in Jefferson county, Tenn. Eli Bettis came to Kentucky, locating in Crittenden county about the year 1865, and died there in 1869. His wife, Dorthula (Lewis) Bettis, was born in Virginia and died in Crittenden county. The father of the subject of this sketch received a common school education and learned the trade of blacksmith. From blacksmithing he went to farming, but is now retired from active business and resides in Crittenden county. He and his wife had five children, four of whom are living. The mother died July 4, 1902, aged seventy-nine years. J. A. Pierce was reared and educated in Tennessee. At the age of seventeen years he came to Crittenden county, and from there in 1884 moved to Livingston county, where he has since resided. Mr. Pierce is interested in the Pierce-Elder Hardware Company of Salem; is the owner of 600 acres of fine land and follows general farming and stock raising; is a Baptist and a Democrat. On Nov. 8, 1863, he married Miss Elvira Oliver, who was born in Trigg county, Ky., Dec. 28, 1845. She is the daughter of John W. and Mary Jane (Gee) Oliver, the former born Nov. 17, 1814, and the latter Oct. 7, 1826. John W. was the son of Walter and Mary (Winn) Oliver, both natives of Virginia, whence they came to Kentucky in an early day. The father of Mary Jane Gee was Anderson Gee, who came from Virginia to Crittenden county, where he and his wife both died. John W. Oliver was a farmer. Politically he was a Democrat, and both himself and wife were identified with the Baptist church. They were the parents of thirteen children, of whom four are living. His first marriage to Miss Station was blessed with three children, one of whom is living. J. A. Pierce and wife have had the following children : Willis C., Walter, John, Wirt, Oscar, Richard, who died Nov. 21, 1878; Marion and James. Willis C. Pierce, the eldest son., is a prominent Baptist minister, a graduate of Logan college, of Russellville, Ky., and the Louisville Theological seminary. He began preaching at the age of nineteen years and is now located at Orlinda, Tenn. Prior to going to Orlinda he filled the pulpit of the Baptist church at Catlettsburg, Ky., for seven years, and was for several years at other places in Kentucky. 184 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY BENJAMIN R. GARNETT, a prominent farmer residing near Salem, Ky., was born in Boone county of that state, Jan. 13, 1847. He is the son of Benjamin E. and Elizabeth (Ryle) Garnett. Benjamin was born in Barboursville, Knox county, Ky., and his wife in Boone county of the same state. The paternal grandfather, Wesley Minor Garnett, was born in Virginia and moved to Knox county, Ky., in an early day, where both he and his wife died. The maternal grandfather of the subject, William Ryle, died in Boone county, Ky. His wife was a Miss Frances Jack before her marriage. The father of Benjamin R. Garnett received a liberal education and became a very successful teacher. He also learned the carpenters' trade, thus doubly preparing himself for life's work. His education also fitted him for the duties of steamboat clerk, which calling he followed for a time. He and wife had a family of eight children, of whom two sons are yet living. He died July 7, 1861, and his wife in September, 1878. Benjamin R. Garnett was reared at Hamilton, Ky., where he received a common school education. He came to Crittenden county in 1873, and settled on a farm near Salem, in 1887. In the course of time, by dint of hard work and successful management, he became the owner of the farm on which he first settled. It consists of zoo acres of the very best of land and is located two miles north of Salem. On Aug. r8, 1863, he enlisted in company B, Thirtieth Kentucky mounted infantry, and served with it until April ig, 1865, when he was mustered out by virtue of the close of the war. In 1871 he married Miss Martha Patmor, a native of Boone county, by whom he had seven children, six still living. The names of the children are Jonathan W., deceased; James B., John S., Walter H., Louella, Thomas D. and Ray. The family worships with the Christian church. C. C. DORROH, a prominent and highly successful farmer near Pinckneyville, Livingston county, Ky., was born, in that county Aug. 16, 1828. He is the son of William and Mary (Stone) Dorroh, the former a native of Alabama and the latter of Kentucky. They settled in Caldwell county in an early day and both died there. William Dorroh was a farmer by occupation, a Democrat in politics, and MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 185 in religion was a Baptist. He and his wife were members of the New Bethel Baptist church, where both are buried. The maternal grandfather of C. C. Dorroh was John Stone, who died in Caldwell county, and the grandmother was a Miss Baker. The subject of this sketch attended school in his native county, receiving a fair education. In December, 1845, he married Miss Nancy Dyson, a native of Caldwell county. They first located in Marshall county, but after eleven years came to Livingston county, where he now resides. Here he purchased and cleared a farm of 206 acres, and so thoroughly has his work been done that he can justly boast of the ownership of one of the most productive farms in the county. His work shows what a man of enterprise and push can do in, the line of farming. All that he has he has earned himself, never having received a dollar from his father with which to begin his life's work. In politics Mr. Dorroh is a Democrat, but in no sense a partisan. He and his wife have for years been active members of the Baptist church. They had nine children, only three of whom are living, viz.: William F,, Edwin and Richard. The names of those deceased are Mary J., Frank F., Ellen, Charles, Willis and James. M. R. NEAL, an ex-Confederate soldier of Pinckneyville, Livingston county, Ky., was born at Shady Grove, Crittenden county, of that state, in 1842. He is the son of Thomas and Almina (Sims) Neal. Thomas Neal was born in, North Carolina and came to Crittenden county, where he died at the ripe age of eighty-four years. The mother was born in Caldwell county, Ky., and died at Shady Grove at the age of seventy-two. Their marriage was blessed with seven children, of whom three are still living. Thomas Neal was a Democrat in politics. His life's work was farming, to which he applied himself diligently and achieved success. The subject of this sketch was brought up on a farm and educated in the common schools of his native county. He chose farming as the most fitting occupation, and went to work with the view of owning a farm himself. He has been successful enough to be able to boast of the ownership of seventy-five acres of the most valuable land in his section of Kentucky. In 1862, when his native state was divided on the question of secession, he enlisted in company C of the Tenth Kentucky Confederate cavalry and served under General John Morgan in his celebrated raid into Southern Indiana and Ohio. He, along with many others, was captured at Buffington's Island and held a prisoner for eighteen months. In 1865 he married Miss Elsie 186 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY J. Parsons, of Jackson county, Ill., and this union has been blessed with six children, of whom three are dead. Those living are Alvin, John B. and Delevann. Frank, Mary and Buddy are the names of those deceased. In church matters Mr. and Mrs. Neal are actively identified with the various lines of work of the Baptist church. L. P. MITCHELL, of the firm of P. H. Styers & Co., was born in Graves county, Ky., Aug. 24, 1861. He is a son of R. P. and Mary J. (Watson) Mitchell, both natives of Tennessee. In 1869 they came from Tennessee to Graves county, Ky., from which county they removed to Livingston county, same state, in 1876. Here he died in 1890, and his wife four years later. R. P. Mitchell was the son of Matthew and Martha (Taylor) Mitchell. Matthew Mitchell came to Tennessee from Virginia in, an early day. He was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church. Both he and his wife died in Tennessee. The maternal grandfather of the subject was William Watson, who was born in Tennessee and came to Kentucky about the year 1854, settling first in Webster and afterwards in Graves county, where he and his wife, also a native of Tennessee, both died. The father of L. P. Mitchell was trained in the common schools of his native county. By self-study he fitted himself for teaching and preaching, in both of which he excelled. He was a Royal Arch Mason and an Odd Fellow. He and his wife reared a family of six children. The father died March 13, 1890, and the mother, Dec. 28, 1894. L. P. Mitchell was reared on a farm, educated in the common schools of his native county and Bethel college, Tenn. After working on a farm for a time he gave his attention to saw-milling and threshing and, in 1891, embarked in the mercantile, business at Lola, Ky. Selling out this business he, in 1903, became a member of the firm of P. H. Stycrs & Co., doing business in the same line. His father had also been in business for some years at Lola, a town which was named after a sister of Mr. Mitchell. In his business undertakings he has been very successful and has managed his earnings so well that he now owns a farm of 250 acres of fine land, upon which he does a general farming and stock raising business. He is a Democrat and a member of Carrsville lodge, No. 665, MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 187 Free and Accepted Masons. On March 31, 1892, he married Miss Ida M. Adams, of Livingston county, Ky. She is the daughter of Richard Adams, an early settler of that county. Mr. Mitchell and his wife have had four children, whose names are Lois, Carmen E., Morris and Inez. All except Carmen E. are living. Lola's first postmaster was the father of the subject of this sketch. All that Mr. Mitchell possesses he has made himself. Beginning in 1890 with a capital of $200, he is now rated as one of the wealthiest men in his county. P. H. Steers, the senior member of the firm, was born in Marshall county, Ky., Sept. 17, 1868, his parents being Martin and Mary (Rose) Styers, the former a native of North Carolina and the latter of Tennessee. They were married in Marshall county, where the mother died in 1899, and where the father is still living as a retired farmer. P. H. Styers was educated in the common schools of Marshall and Graves counties and at the age of twenty-three years became a teacher. In 1892 he was appointed to a position in the revenue service and served about a year. In 1894 he embarked in the mercantile line in which he has been ever since, the partnership with Mr. Mitchell being formed in 1903. He was married in 1893 to Mrs. Ida Kennedy, whose maiden name was Fowler, a granddaughter of James Fowler, of Crittenden county. Her father, John Fowler, was also a native of that county. Mr. and Mrs. Steers have two children, Gladys May and Hobart. SILAS JACKSON MOSS, pilot and steamboat captain, of 1'iuckneyville, Icy., was born in Livingston county, of that state, Feb. 29, 1852. He is the son of Ralph and Fannie (Ramage) Moss, who came to Livingston county in an early day. The maternal grandfather was Jackson Ramage, who came to Livingston county with his parents and who is buried on the old homestead there. Ralph Moss was a pilot and steamboat captain by profession and served on boats plying the Ohio, Mississippi, Cumberland and Illinois rivers. He married in Livingston county, Ky., and had a family of five children : Silas Jackson, the subject of this sketch; Alice, Thomas, Lizzie and Lee Milins, the last two named being dead. While working on the Mississippi he was in New Orleans soon after the battle there on Jan. 8, 1813. In politics he was a Democrat. His wife died April 18, 1885, and he on Dec. 14, 1895. Silas J. Moss received his early education in the public schools of his county. At the age of seventeen years he began to make his own living. Beginning at the bottom, he has worked himself 188 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY up to the position of pilot and captain of boats running from Evansville, Ind., to Cairo, Ill., and from Cairo, Ill., to Nashville, Tenn. On Aug. to, 1870, he married Miss Savilla Parker, born near Salem, Ky., Sept. 15,1849, and the daughter of Mack and Typhena (Lindley) Parker, both natives of Kentucky. Mack Parker was the son of Jonathan and Dorothy (Burgess) Parker, both of whom died in Livingston county. Typhena Lindley was the daughter of Joseph Lindley, a native of England, who came to America when twenty-two years old and settled in Pennsylvania, where he married Miss Savilla Benjamin. From Pennsylvania they came to Fleming county, Ky., where the wife died. He died in Illinois. Silas J. Moss and his wife have had six children: George L., Mildred, Russell, Lyon C., Lizzie D. and Francis T. Of these Lyon C. is a steamboat pilot and George and Russell farmers. All are natural musicians. Captain Moss is independent in politics. He, his wife and youngest daughter are members of the Missionary Baptist church. JOHN S. LOWERY, a successful farmer residing near Salem, Ky., was born in Caldwell county, Ky., March 9, 1836. He is the son of John and Grace (Ordway) Lowery, both natives of North Carolina, the father born Feb. 26, 18o6, and the mother Aug. 5, 1807. The paternal grandfather was James Lowery, a native of North Carolina, who came to Kentucky in an early day, spending the remainder of his life in Crittenden, Hopkins and Caldwell counties. He died in the last named county at the extreme old age of one hundred years. John and Grace Lowery came to Crittenden county quite early, where they both died. Their marriage was blessed with eleven children, six of whom are living. John Lowery was a farmer, a Democrat and a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, of which his wife was also a devout member. John S. Lowery was reared on a farm, received a fair education in the common schools of his county, and has made farming his life's work. Finding 300 acres too large a body to cultivate profitably, he sold a portion of his farm. He is a Democrat and a Cumberland Presbyterian. On Nov. io, 1859, he married Miss Polly Ann Butler, of Crittenden county, who was born Sept. 4, 1844. This union resulted in the birth of ten children, of whom four are living. They are: Daniel Allen, Charles Owen, Nora Ella and William Smith. Mrs. Lowery died Dec. 14, 1901, and on April 20, 1902, he married Mrs. Lura Pryor, nee Cossey, who has one daughter, Leota Agnes, by her former husband. Mr. and Mrs. Lowery have two children, named Odell and Wilma. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 189 JOSEPH JOHN TYNER (deceased) , late a well known cooper, carpenter and farmer of Livingston county, Ky., was born in Cheatham county, Tenn., Feb. 4, 1822, his parents being Memory and Elizabeth (Everett) Tyner, both natives of Virginia. Memory Tyner died in Mississippi and his wife in Illinois. They were blessed with a family of five children, all deceased except Martha. Joseph J. Tyner was about eight years of age when his father died, and he was reared by a Mr. George Wilson of Tennessee. He received a common school education and began life as a farmer. About the close of the Civil war he came to Livingston county, where he lived the rest of his life. In the meantime he had learned the trades of carpenter and cooper, and after coming to Livingston county he worked at these occupations with such success that he soon acquired a competency sufficiently large to enable him to retire from active business. He lived a retired life for many years. In politics he was an ardent Democrat, having an abiding faith in the principles of that party. In 1892 he married Miss Adeliah Jane Clark, who was born in Roane county, Tenn., Aug. 29, 1849, and with her parents, G. M. and H. G. (Grimmett) Clark, immigrated to Kentucky when she was but three years of age. Her mother was a daughter of Joseph and Fannie Grimmett, mentioned elsewhere in this work. G. M. Clark was a son of John and Sarah (Stevens) Clark, both born in Virginia, and died in Roane county, Tenn. The father of John Clark was an Englishman, who came to this country at a very early day, settling first in Virginia and removing later to Sevier county, Tenn. G. M. Clark was a blacksmith by trade and a Democrat in his political views. When he first came to Kentucky in 1852 he settled in Crittenden county, but in 1868 removed to Livingston county, where he died Oct. 13, 1875, aged fifty-three years. His wife died in 1893, aged sixty-eight. They had ten children: Ruth Caroline, Samuel Grimmett, deceased; Adeliah Jane, Martha Livonia, Philip 190 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY Andrew, Sarah .Frances, deceased; John Stevens, Isaac Willie, a lawyer and editor of the Livingston Democrat; Charles Tollifaro, a Baptist minister; and one who died in infancy. Mr. Clark and his wife were Baptists, as were all their children, Mrs. Tyner having been a member of that church for thirty-eight years. AARON 1J DLEY CHARLES, a retired farmer of Tylene, Ky., was born in Tennessee, Sept. 19, 1841. He is the son of John and Amy (Lindley) Charles, the former a native of Tennessee and the latter of North Carolina. John was the son of Richard and Martha (Beyford) Charles, both natives of Tennessee. Richard was a local Methodist. minister. He and his wife died in Tennessee. The maternal grandfather of the subject was Joshua Lindley, a native of North Carolina, who came to Tennessee about 1835, where he lived the rest of his life. His wife was Nellie Lindley, who died in Texas at the advanced age of ninety-two years. John Charles was a wheelwright by trade, a Democrat in politics and for fifty years a member of the Methodist church. He and his wife had five children, two of whom are living. His first wife died in 1856. He then married Mrs. Sarah L. Gains, by whom he had four children, three still living. Mr. Charles died in Livingston county, ley., where he had resided since 1851. When ten years old Aaron L. Charles moved with his parents to Crittenden county, Ky. In 1858 he removed to Livingston county, where he has since lived. He now lives a retired life at Tylene, enjoying the fruits of his thrift and industry. He has been the owner of 300 acres of the best land in the county, which alone places him in easy circumstances. He is a Democrat, a Granger and a member of the Methodist Church South. On March 28, 1867, he married Miss Ellen Frances Bunton, the daughter of James and Mary Ann (Owen) Bunton. Her father was a native of Tennessee and her mother of London, England, whence she came with her mother, Mary (Trotter) Owen, when sixteen years old, to the United States, settling in Livingston county, Ky., where she died in 1884. Mary Ann Bunton had four children by her first marriage, two of whom are yet living. She was married a second time, to Jesse Bunton, a brother of her first husband, and had seven sons by this mar- MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 191 riage, of whom three are living. Two of her sons were physicians. Henry Wallace Bunton and his brother, J. W., were both ministers of the Methodist Church South. Mary E., the sister of Mrs. Charles, is now a widow, residing at Tylene. Mrs. Charles has another brother, Dr. Fred Bunton, a physician, living in Caldwell county, Ky. Mr. and Mrs. Charles have eight children, six of whom are living. They are W. E., Laura A., M. B., F. F., Ella and Lola. Mary Ann and Gideon Berry are dead. WILLIS BRYANT CHAMPION, a merchant of Pinckneyville, Ky., was born near Green's Ferry, or Vicksburg, in Livingston county of that state, March 31, 1858. He is a son of James Mansfield and Sallie Ann (Brown) Champion, the former a native of Livingston county, born near Salem, and the latter born near Baltimore, Md. The paternal great-grandfather, Willis Champion, was born and reared in North Carolina, married in that state, and came to Kentucky in 1812, settling near the old Salem church, where he and his wife both died and are buried in that old church yard. His son, Willis, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was about ten years old when the family came to Kentucky. He grew to manhood in Livingston county, married Vinecia Hardin, and both passed their whole lives in the county, he dying Aug. 7, 1876, and she in August, 1869. On the maternal side the grandparents were Peter and Maria (Smullen) Brown, who came from Maryland and settled near Green's Ferry, where both died. James M. Champion, the father, was educated in the common schools, was a farmer by occupation and in the agitation just preceding the Civil war was a firm Union man. He was a member of the Baptist church for many years before his death, which occurred in 1867. He and his wife had two children, Willis B. and Maria Alice. The mother and sister now live with the subject at Pinckneyville, the former being a member of the same church to which her husband formerly belonged. Willis B. Champion received a common school education and at the age of sixteen years was stricken with paralysis. That was in July, 1874. In October, in company with his mother and sister, he started for California to regain his health, leaving Kentucky on the 13th of the month and 192 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY arriving at Soledad, one hundred and fifty miles south of San Francisco, on the 29th. He soon regained sufficient strength to go to work and began cutting wood for some of the ranchers. Later he was employed in the livery business and then with the Godshaw & Brianstein Company, butchers, of San Francisco, where he worked his way up to $120 a month. On July 22, 1876, they left California and on August 6 reached Birdsville, Ky., where Mr. Champion went to work on a farm for Sidney J. Mitchell. For two years he worked at saw-milling and farming on a little farm formerly owned by his father. In January, 1881, he sold this farm and bought a tract of land near Cedar Grove, where he engaged in farming until 1890. He then engaged in getting out staves, railroad ties and lumber and continued in this line until 1897, being in the employ of the Powell, Lord Tie Company until 1893 and after that time with the Ayer & Lord Tie Company until 1897. In 1895 he engaged in the mercantile business at Kuttawa, where he had gone in 1892, and also had a branch store at Dover, Tenn. The Dover establishment was discontinued in 1898, and the business removed to Pinckneyville, where he has ever since carried on a successful business. In May, 1890, he removed his family to Pinckneyville, though he still conducted the store at Kuttawa until January, 1900. He then started a store at Vicksburg, or Green's Ferry, but removed it to Sheridan in the month of March, 1904, where it is still running as a branch. He is still interested in getting out railroad ties, and is also the owner of a $5,000 farm and of 250 acres on the river at Pinckneyville and runs it in connection with his other pursuits. In the panic of 1893 he lost over $4,000, taking everything he had except about one thousand dollars, so that all he has has been practically accumulated since then. But Mr. Champion is not easily discouraged. He has worked for as little as twenty-five cents a day and knows what it is to be without the luxuries of life, though he is now a well-to-do man owing to his untiring industry and correct judgment. Politically he is a Democrat and while he takes an interest in public questions ]fie can hardly be classed as a politician. He has been twice married; first on June 6, 1892, to Rosa Forest Hardin, of Livingston county, and after her death he married, on Feb. 4, 1903, Miss May Hurley, of Pinckneyville. By his first wife he had three children: May and Maud, twins, born Feb. 17, 1894, the former dying on May 20, 1894, and the latter only five days later; and Willis Elbert, who died in infancy. His first wife was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, to which he also belongs, and his present wife is a Missionary Baptist. MEMOIRS OF TILE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 193 JOHN WILLIAM PENN, a prominent farmer residing near Salem, Ky., was born in Coffee county, Tenn., Sept. 15, 1847. He is the son of Thomas and Hulda Cawkins (Stewart) Penn, the former a native of Georgia and the latter of Tennessee. Thomas was the son of John D. and Jane (Deney) Penn, both natives of Virginia. He died in Georgia and his wife in Tennessee. He was a blacksmith and wagonmaker. The maternal grandfather of John W. Penn was John Stewart, a native of Tennessee. At the close of the Civil war Thomas Penn became a Democrat, having been a Whig prior to that time. He and his wife had six children, of whom three are yet living. The mother died on Lookout Mountain, Ga., in 1858, and he then married Miss Jane Arnold, by whom he had four children, three still living. John W. Penn was reared on a farm, was educated in the common schools of his county and at Hillsboro, Tenn., after which he learned the carpenter trade and settled in Livingston county, Ky., in 1873, where he has resided ever since. Mr. Penn is also interested in farming. In politics he is a stanch Democrat. In 1873 he married Miss Margaret A. Kirk, of Crittenden county, which marriage has been blessed with nine children: Maud Allie, Fred H., Annie F., Myrtle Leoda, Ellen E., Pearl May, Orlena, Paulina and Ida Bell. Of'these Orlena and Paulina are twins. All are living except Ellen E. Maud Allie, the oldest child, is married to George A. Simpson, a farmer; Fred H. married Miss L. Sunderland; Annie F. is the wife of E. C. Brasher, a farmer, and all three live in Crittenden county. Mr. Penn enlisted in Company G, Twenty-fourth Tennessee, of Cheatham's division, in 1863 and served until the close of the war. CHARLES R. STEVENS, farmer and manager of fire-clay mines, Salem, Ky., was born in Princeton, Ky., Sept. 27, 1844. He is the son of Herrington and Mahala B. (Stemmons) Stevens, the former a native of Caldwell county and the latter of Logan county, both in Kentucky. Herrington's father was one of the pioneer settlers of Caldwell county, Ky. Herrington Stevens received his education in the public schools and Princeton college, Princeton, Ky., and devoted his whole life to the ministry. He and his wife had six children. Of this number four are still living. He was a Whig in politics and died Sept. 25, 1856. His wife survived him many years, dying July 2, 1872. Charles R. Stevens came with his parents when only four years old to Crittenden county, Ky. In 1874 he removed to Livingston county, where he has engaged in farming, being the owner of 350 acres of land near Salem. He has made Salem his home for the past II-13 194 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY fifteen years. In 1903 the Stevens-Tunnell fire-clay mines were opened and operated by the Western Clay and Mining Company of Kewanee, Ill. Mr. Stevens discovered these mines and has been the agent of the company for three years. While attending to this work he does not neglect his farming interests. He is a stock-holder and director of the Salem National bank. In politics he is a Democrat. He served one term as justice of the peace in Crittenden county, and has been nominated by his party for the fourth time as justice of the peace in Livingston county, where a nomination is equivalent to an election. Mr. Stevens is a Royal Arch Mason and worshipful master of Salem lodge, No. 81, Free and Accepted Masons. On Dec. 17, 1871, he married Miss Martha C. Tyner, a daughter of Thomas R. Tyner, an early settler of Livingston county, who died in 1888. Mr. and Mrs. Stevens have had three children: Mary Burton, now Mrs. C. W. Mitchell of Salem; Myra T. and John H., the last-named a merchant of Salem. The parents are members of the Methodist Church South. W. C. Tyner, a brother of Mrs. Charles R. Stevens, was born in Montgomery county, Tenn., Oct. 28, 1843. He was reared on a farm and educated in the public schools of Salem; owns and manages a farm of 240 acres two miles east of the town; pays especial attention to stock raising, a business in which he is remarkably successful; is a Democrat, a Mason and a member of the Methodist Church South. On Sept. i6, 1868, he married Miss Josephine Hodge, the daughter of A. B. Hodge, of Crittenden county, Ky. Mr. and Mrs. Tyner have been blessed with three children: Blanche, Felix and Jesse. O. C. LASHER, of Srnithland, Ky., editor of the Livingston County Banner, was born in that county, near Carrsville, Nov. 11, 1874, and is the son of W. B. and Elizabeth (Rhodes) Lasher, both natives of Perry county, Ind. W. B. Lasher came to Hampton, Livingston county, in 1873, where he resided, following the business of farming. He was a member of the Democratic party, and his wife was an active member of the Methodist church. They had eight children, all of whom are still living. The paternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch, Abraham Lasher, settled in Perry county, Ind., where he followed the occupation of farming. A strong Democrat, he served his county as sheriff for one term. The maternal grandfather, Henry Rhodes, a native of Perry county, Ind., removed to Livingston county, Ky., in 18i3. He followed farming and flat-boating, carrying hoop poles and other products as far south as New Orleans. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 195 His wife, Brunetta (Spencer) Rhodes, was born in Perry county, Ind., and is still living. O. C. Lasher was reared near Carrsville until sixteen years of age, when he moved to Hampton with his parents. He was educated at Hampton academy and the Southern normal of Bowling Green, Ky., receiving the degree of B. S. from the latter institution in 1899. One year later he graduated from the Bowling Green Business college. From 1892 to 1899 he taught in the Livingston county schools; came to Smithland in 1900 and served as county superintendent of schools for one year, having been appointed to that office. Here he began the study of law in the office of Bush & Grassham, and three years later was admitted to the bar, attorneys J. M. Morton and Henry Hughes being the examiners. For eighteen months he was associated with Rid Reed in publishing the Livingston County Banner, and Jan. 1, 1904, became sole proprietor of said paper. Mr. Lasher is a Democrat in politics, and holds membership with the Ancient Order of United Workmen and the Knights of the Maccabees. For one year he taught the science and business branches in the Bardstown county educational college. CHARLES C. GRASSHAM, one of the most prominent young lawyers of Western Kentucky, was born in Salem, Ky., Nov. 20, 1871. He is the son of Montgomery Grassham, a sketch of whose life will be found elsewhere in this work. Charles C. was educated in part at Salem, after which he attended McCulley's school at Madisonville, Ky., finishing at the National normal university of Lebanon, O. For five years he was engaged in teaching, beginning at the unusually early age of fifteen. While teaching he read law, and at the age of twenty years entered the office of Capt. J. W. Bush and John K. Hendrick of Smithland, Ky. On Oct. 8, 1891, he was admitted to the bar at Smithland, where he soon enjoyed a successful and lucrative practice. Since 1896 he has been associated with Capt. J. W. Bush, his father-in-law. Mr. Grassham in his practice represents the following corporations: The Illinois Central Railroad Company, the Hillman Land and Iron Company, the Eagle Fluorspar Company. the American Lead and Zinc Company. The Western Clay and Mining Company, the Pittsburg Fluorspar Mining and Manufacturing 196 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY Company and the Ayer & Lord Tie Company. In politics Mr. Grassham is affiliated with the Democratic party. He has served as election commissioner of Livingston county, as assistant elector of the First congressional district of Kentucky in igoo, and as elector of the same district in the campaign of 19o4. He is now serving as aid-de-camp on Governor Beckham's staff with the rank of colonel. He is an Elk in the Paducah lodge and an entered apprentice Mason in the Smithland lodge. On Aug. ig, 1896, he married Miss Carrie Bush, daughter of his Iaw partner, Capt. J. VT. Bush. To this marriage two children have been born: Roscoe Bush Grassham, who died Nov. 21, 1900, and Pauline Bush Grassham, who was born Jan. 29, 1900. After a residence of fifteen years in Smithland, Mr. Grassham has just moved to Paducah, Ky., where he will no doubt extend his practice so auspiciously begun at Smithland. Few young lawyers of his experience can boast of such a wide practice as he enjoys. WILLIAM I. CLARKE, lawyer, was born in Dycusburg, Crittenden county, Ky., Sept. 17, 1862. He is the son of George Madison Clarke, mentioned elsewhere in this work. He received his early training in the common schools of Livingston county, Salem academy and the National normal institute of Madisonville, Ky. On June 4, 1891, he graduated from the Cumberland university of Lebanon, Tenn., with the degree of Bachelor of Laws, and was admitted to the practice of law in the States of Tennessee and Kentucky in the same year. He has been actively engaged in the practice of law at Smithland ever since. For one year he was in partnership with C. C. Grassham, when, until Jan. 1, 1905, he practiced alone. Then the firm of Clarke & Hendrick was formed, composed of Mr. Clarke and Alfred Grayot Hendrick. Mr. Clarke takes an active interest in the politics of his county. In 1894 he resigned the office of police judge of Smithland to take that of county attorney of Livingston county, which position he held until 1898. In 1898 he was appointed master commissioner of the Livingston circuit court, which position he held till 19o4. In 1897-98-90, also in 1904, he was editor and publisher of the Livingston Banner. In 1905 he and Frederick Cowper established the Livingston Democrat. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 197 He is a member of the Baptist church and takes an active part in all church work, being clerk, superintendent of the Sunday school and secretary of the church building committee. At present he is serving as chairman of the Democratic county committee. On Nov. 27, 1895, he married Miss Emma J. Weldon of Livingston county, daughter of William and Sarah (Lloyd) Weldon, one of the pioneer settlers of Livingston county, who died at Pinckneyville, Ky., in 1896. He is survived by his widow, now eighty-one years old. William I. Clarke and his wife have two children: Carter Weldon, born Oct. 20, 1896, and Mildred Ferguson, born Aug. 21, 1903. ALFRED GRAYOT HENDRICK, of the law firm of Clarke S Hendrick, of Smithland, Ky., was born in that city, May 2, 1878. In an early day his grandparents, William and Susan (Bennett) Hendrick, came from North Carolina to Kentucky, settling first in Logan county, but after a short residence there moved to Todd county. John K. Hendrick, a son of this couple, and the father of Alfred G., was born in North Carolina in 1851. He was reared in Logan and Todd counties; received his primary education in the common schools, after which he was under the private instruction of Professor Shields for a time and then attended Bethel college at Russellville. Upon leaving college he went to Crittenden county, where he engaged in teaching in the public schools and also served some time as deputy sheriff. He then came to Livingston county, read law with his uncle, Judge Caswell Bennett, and was admitted to the bar. Shortly after his admission he formed a partnership with Capt. J. W. Bush and practiced for several years. He then served two terms as county attorney, one term in the state senate, and in 1894 was elected to Congress from the First district of Kentucky. After retiring from Congress he opened a law office in Paducah and has practiced there ever since. In 1877 he was married to Miss Louise, daughter of A. A. and Mary (Hunt) Grayot, of Livingston county. Her father was born in France, was a pharmacist, a prominent Free Mason, and was for many years postmaster at Smithland, where he died. Hon. John K. Hendrick and his wife have had the following children: Alfred G., the subject of this sketch; William R., a real estate man of Paducah; Cavit, deceased; Harry D., and Nellie. He belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. and is always active in furthering the interests of the Democratic party. Alfred G. Hendrick was reared in Smithland, received his 198 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY elementary education in the public schools there, and attended the high school department of the Washington, D. C., schools, while his father was in Congress. When the family returned to Kentucky he took the teacher's course and fitted himself for that profession. For three years he was a successful teacher, when he laid aside that calling to take up the study of law. After reading for a year in the office of his father and J. C. Hodge he took a course in law and English at the Washington and Lee university at Lexington, Va. Immediately after leaving college he was admitted to practice in Calloway county, Kentucky, by an examination in open court under Judge Thomas P. Cook, the examination being conducted by Wells & Wells. Since his admission Mr. Hendrick has been actively engaged in the practice of his profession. The firm of Clarke & Hendrick was formed in January, 1905, and is composed of two of the most brilliant and energetic young men in Western Kentucky. Both are close students of everything pertaining to their chosen calling and fitted by nature and training for successful lawyers. Those who know them lest predict for the firm a bright future. In politics Mr. Hendrick is a Democrat, as his father and grandfather before him were, and takes an active part in the work of his party, now holding the position of secretary of the county central committee. In religious matters he is quite liberal and is not identified with any church organization. WILLIAM FREDERICK COWPER, a successful lawyer of Smithland, Ky., was born in Livingston county, of that state, Dec. 8, 1875. He is the son of Richard Ballard Cowper, a sketch of whose life appears elsewhere in this work; was reared on a farm and received his common school education in the Smithland schools. In 1895 he graduated from Bethel college. After graduating he taught school for two years and served as deputy sheriff under his father for one year. He began the study of law in the office of John K. Hendrick, and was admitted to the bar in December, 1898; soon built up a lucrative practice, which he continues to enjoy; is a Democrat, a Baptist and holds membership in Smithland Lodge, No. 138. Free and Accepted Masons. At the early age of twenty-four years he was elected police judge of Smithland. In June, 1898, he married Miss Flora Seyster, daughter of Capt. J. V. Seyster, a brief mention of whom appears in connection with this sketch. Mr. and Mrs. Cowper have two interesting children, named Esther and William Frederick. Together with Mr. W. I. Clarke Mr. Cowper MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 199 owns and edits the Livingston Democrat, a paper established by these gentlemen at the beginning of the present year. Mr. Cowper is now serving as a member of the Democratic county committee. Capt. J. V. Seyster, the father-in-law of the subject of this sketch, was born in Livingston county Aug. 2, 1823, and was there reared and educated. He is the son of David and Rebecca (Evans) Seyster, who came from Virginia to Kentucky about the year 1820, settling in Livingston county. Captain Seyster was for many years engaged in river navigation, working himself up from cabin troy to captain of a steamer. Later he took tip the mercantile business and followed it for ten years, at the saHie time acting as agent of the Cairo Packet Line. L. H. COTHRON, farmer, and master at Smithland, Ky., was born within two miles of Grand Rivers, Livingston county, Ky.. Jan. 20, 1868. He is the son of Morris and Pernecia (Fulks) Cothron, both natives of Kentucky; the former of Caldwell and the latter of Lyon county. The paternal grandfather of the subject, Thomas Cothron, came from Scotland to the United States in an early day, and located finally in Livingston county. The maternal grandfather was Noah Fulks. Morris Cothron began very poor in life, without even the advantage of an ordinary education, and yet accumulated more than a thousand acres of land on the Cumberland river, which he sold to the Grand Rivers Company. A Democrat before the war, he became a strong Republican after its close. Two of his brothers, Robert and William, served in the Federal army and both died while in service. He and his wife were members of the Christian Union church. He died Dec. 29, 1892, and is survived by his widow. There were born to this couple nine children, five of whom are still living, four sons and one daughter. L. H. Cothron was reared on a farm and was educated in the public schools of Livingston county. For four years he was in the retail liquor business and then followed farming until 1903, when he was appointed postmaster at Smithland. He is a member of Mangum Lodge, No. 21, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of Paducah, Ky., and of the Knights of the Maccabees. He and his wife are actively engaged in