300 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY veniences usually found in the homes of the most progressive farmers. In 1874 he was married to Barbara Wormit, of Gibson county, and they have the following children: George, Emil, Mary, Fritz, Edward, Barbara, John, William, Katie and Maggie. George is in Evansville; Mary is married and lives near her parents; Maggie is dead, and the others are all at home. The family all belong to the Catholic church. CAPT. WILLIAM HENRY STILES of Ridgway, Ill., was born at Windsor, Conn., on Oct. 22, 1828. His ancestry dates back to John Stiles, who was born in Bedfordshire, England, Dec. 25, 1595, and who came to America in 1635, settling at Windsor, Conn., where he died on June 4, 1662. John Stiles had a son, John, who was born in 1633 and died at Windsor, Conn., Dec. 8, 1683. He was married to Dorcas, a daughter of Henry Burt, of Springfield, Conn., and they had a son, John, who was born at Windsor on Dec10, 1663. This son died at New Haven, Conn., on May 20, 1753. His wife was a Miss Ruth Bancroft, of Westfield, Mass., who died at Windsor in 1714. To this union was born, at Windsor, on July 30, 1697, Isaac Stiles, who was twice married, his second wife being Ester Hooker of Farmington, Conn. She died at North Haven on Jan. 2, 1779. Isaac was a minister and was educated at Yale university, where he graduated with the degree of B.A. in 1722 and A.M. in 1725. The union of the Rev. Isaac Stiles and Ester Hooker was blessed with a son, Ashbel, who was born at North Haven on Aug. 30, 1734, and died at Norwich, Mass., in October,1810. Ashbel Stiles married his cousin, Hannah Stiles, who died at Norwich in September,1810. They had a son, Job, who was born on Jan. 12, 1765, and died at Windsor April 15, 1813. He married Mary Drake of Windsor,whoo died on March 16, 1839. Their son, Hylas, was born at Windsor, June 11, 1793, and married Harriet L. Roberts, of Sandersdale, Mass. To this union was born a son, William Henry, the subject of this sketch. Hylas Stiles removed with his family to Cleveland, O., and later to Lancaster in the same state, where Captain Stiles received his education, numbering among his schoolmates Gen. William T. Sherman and Gen. Phil Sheridan. While still a MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 301 young man, Captain Stiles moved to Cincinnati, and later to New Market, Gallatin county, Ill., in which county he has since resided, following successfully the occupation of farming. He now lives at Ridgway in that county. Captain Stiles was married at New Boston, Ohio, on Aug. 8, 1847, to Catherine Smith, of Owensville, Ohio, and they had the following children: Harriet Louise, born Oct. 6, 1848; William Andrew, born Jan. 6, 1850; Mary E., born Dec. 7, 1851; Catherine M., born Oct. 10, 1853; Hylas C., born Aug. 27, 1855; Joseph F., born July 27, 1858; John D., born May 26, 1861.; Theoba J., born Dec. 11, 1863; George Trafton, born Jan. 6, 1866; Laura E., born Jan. 26, 1868; Edwin L., born Nov. 11, 1870; and Adaline, born May 3, 1874. His wife died on May 27, 1881, and he was again married on Sept. 1, 1884, his second wife being Julia A. Fulks of New Market. To this union was born one child, Clemma L., born June 13, 1885. At the outbreak of the Civil war Captain Stiles enlisted from Gallatin county, on Aug. 12, 1861, and was mustered into the service on Sept. 13, at Camp Butler, Ill., as second lieutenant of Capt. George W. Trafton's company, G, Seventh regiment Illinois volunteer cavalry, Col. William Pitt Kellogg commanding. In the latter part of October, 1861, the regiment was ordered to Birds Point, Mo., and in January, 1862, moved to Cape Girardeau, where it performed scout and guard duty until the following spring. At New Madrid, Mo., the regiment was recruited, forming a part of Hatch's division, Army of the West, and participated in the following engagements: New Madrid, Mo.; Island No. 10, Farmington, siege of Corinth, Iuka, battle of Corinth, Summersville, pursuit of Price, Coffeeville, Miss.; Grierson's raid, Plains store, Port Hudson, La.; Byhalia Road, Miss; Moscow, Campbellsville, Harts Crossroads, Franklin, Brentwood Hills, the routing of Hood's army at Nashville, Tenn., and numerous scouting expeditions and raids. At the close of the war the regiment received its final muster out at Camp Butler. Captain Trafton having been promoted to major, Second Lieutenant Stiles, by petition from the entire company, was promoted to captain and was mustered in with that rank on Nov. 8, 1863. He received honorable discharge at Springfield, Ill., Oct. 15, 1864, his term of service having expired. He was wounded by gunshot in the right thigh and by a piece of shell in the right ankle on Dec. 3, 1863, and was confined to the hospital for one month. He was also injured in the engagement at Colliersville, Tenn., Nov. 3, 1863, causing the loss of hearing in his left ear. He was at all times with his command, participating in all its engagements, and by gallant and meri- 302 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY torious service he achieved a proud record for bravery and proficiency in action. Captain Stiles is a member of and past post commander of R. Loomis Post, No. 583, Department of Illinois, Grand Army of the Republic; also member of the American Protective association. Although past seventy-five years of age, the captain is hale and hearty and active for one of his years. WILLIAM G. EDWARDS, a farmer living about two and a half miles south of Omaha, Ill., was born on the farm where he now lives, Sept. 8, 1867, his parents being Leonard and Sarah L. (Abney) Edwards, old settlers of Gallatin county. (See sketch of Leonard Edwards elsewhere in this work.) William G. Edwards was educated in the public schools, and about the time he attained his majority was married to Miss Martha Garrett. She died in 1891 and he subsequently married Miss Lida Robb, a native of Indiana. Mr. Edwards owns 192 acres of fine land, all under cultivation except about four acres. He has lived upon his farm practically all his life, and the improvements, which are equal to those of any farm in the neighborhood, were all made by himself. As a farmer and stock raiser few men have a better reputation, or know more about the business. He takes a lively interest in public affairs and is one of the leading Democrats in his township, but has never been a candidate for office. In religious matters he is a consistent member of the Presbyterian church, and carries the tenets of his faith into his daily life. He has three children, Luther, EvaI and Hurtis, living at home, and one deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Edwards are both popular in the neighborhood where they reside, their home being noted for its hospitality and good cheer. JOHN GRUMLEY, one of the best known and most popular farmers in the neighborhood of Ridgway, Ill., was born near Hopkinsville, Ky., Oct. 16, 1853, his parents being John and Mary (Jeffreys) Grumley. The father was killed in 1855 by the falling of a branch from a tree he was chopping down, and some years later the mother married a man named Posey Cisnev and removed to Hamilton county, Ill. Alter a short stay there they returned to Kentucky, where Mr. Cisney died and the mother married a third time, her third husband being John D. Latham. They now live near Elkton, Todd county, Ky. Two children were born to John and Mary Grumley : Melissa, now a Mrs. Kelley, living in Kentucky, and the subject of this sketch. Shortly after his father's death John MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 303 Grumley was bound out to a Kentucky family by the name of Muckelwagner, with whom he lived until he was about nine years of age, when lie started out to seek his fortune in his own way. He first went to Posey county, Ind., where he worked on a farm until he attained his majority. In 1872 he was married to Parthena Miller, a native of that county. She died in 1874, leaving one child, and lie married Mary J. Mills, also a Posey county girl, and lived there until 1876, when he removed to Gallatin county, Ill., and bought eighty acres, three and a half miles northeast of Ridgway, most of which was in an uncultivated state. With an energy and ambition worthy of the highest emulation he went to work, and from the first prospered. He now owns 180 acres, all under cultivation with the exception of about ten acres. As a farmer and stock raiser he is well known throughout the county as one of the most progressive and methodical of men. Mr. Grumley takes sonic interest in politics and is one of the solid Democrats of his township. He belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Lodge No. 843, of Ridgway, and to the Court of Honor. In religious matters he is a member of the regular Baptist church, and for several years lie has been one of the directors of the public schools. To his second marriage there have been born the following children: Roscander, now living in Saline county; Lura, now a -Mrs. Rister, of Gallatin county, and Amelia, at home. WILLIAM J. ZIRKELBACH, a farmer and stock raiser near Ridgway, Ill., is a son of Andrew and Katherine (Leutzhuick) Zirkelbach, both natives of Germany, the former of Bavaria and the latter of Prussia. Andrew Zirkelbach was born June 24, 1827, came with his parents to America when he was about ten, years of age, settled in Vanderburg county, Ind., where the father carried on farming until his death at the age of seventy-five years. Before coining to this country he followed the trade of baker, but never worked at it after. His wife came with her parents about the same time. They were married in Vanderburg county and lived on the same farm, near St. James, for about thirty-five years. She lived to he eighty-seven years old. Of their children, William J., Andrew, George, Frank and Lena live in Gallatin county, Ill.; Rachel, Mary, Maggie and Peter live in Evansville, Id.; Barbara, Mena and Mathias are deceased. Andrew Zirkelbach was always somewhat active in political affairs and was one of the prominent Democrats in his neighborhood. His children were all brought up in the Catholic 304 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY faith, of which church both himself and wife were members. William J. Zirkelbach was born in Vanderburg county, Nov. 14, 1854. He was educated in the parochial and district schools and lived with his parents until his marriage to Anna K. Wencel of Vanderburg county. They continued to live in that county until 188, when they removed to Gallatin county, locating on a farm, which Mr. Zirkelbach bought, near Ridgway. For sixteen years he lived on this place, one year of that time being engaged in mercantile pursuits in Ridgway. In 1901 he sold the farm and bought his present place, three-fourths of a mile west of Ridgway, where he has a well improved farm of eighty acres, upon which he carries on a general farming business, devoting much of his time to breeding Aberdeen and Polled Angus cattle. Like his father before him, he is a Democrat and a Catholic, and takes an interest in both political and church matters. The children born to William J. and Anna K. Zirkelbach are Andrew, George, Cecilia and Katherine, living in the vicinity of Ridgway; Josie, William M., Eleanora and Rudolph, at home, and one who died in infancy. LEONARD EDWARDS, farmer and stock dealer, living near Omaha, Ill., was born in the State of Tennessee, Nov. 25, 1836, while his parents, Lorenzo and Eliza (Broughton) Edwards, were visiting relatives and friends there, though they were at the time citizens of Gallatin county, Ill. Charles Edwards, the grandfather of Leonard, cane to Southern Illinois at a very early date. There Lorenzo grew to manhood, married and commenced housekeeping in a little log cabin of the primitive type on the forty acres now owned by Mrs. M. C. Daniel. Later a larger cabin of one room was erected, and it is still standing. Lorenzo Edwards died at the age of forty-eight years, and his wife survived until 1898, when she died at the advanced age of nearly ninety. Their seven sons and two daughters all lived to be married and reared families. Charles now lives in Saline county; Jeremiah lives at Omaha; William lives in Calhoun county; Washington died in 1899; Leonard is the subject of this sketch; Milton is in Arkansas; John is a resident of Gallatin county; Jane is the widow of C. R. Williams; and Harriet is the widow of Curtis Rowe. Leonard Edwards grew to manhood in Gallatin county. In 1862 he enlisted as a private in Company B, First Illinois volunteer cavalry, and served about seven and a half months in Missouri, when he was mustered out as first sergeant of the company. After being discharged from the army he married Miss Sarah L. Abney, and to this MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 305 union there were born the following children: M. H., now living in Hamilton county, Ill.; William J., a farmer near Omaha (see sketch) ; Josie, wife of a Mr. Lawson, of Gallatin county; James, living in the same county; and Annie, wife of Archibald Yinn, of Hot Springs, Ark. After the death of the mother of these children, Mr. Edwards married Mrs. Jane Foster, widow of John Foster. She had five children by her first husband, viz.: Sarah, wife of W. W. McReynolds; Alpha, wife of Noah Van Bibber; Charles, William and George. Mr. Edwards is one of the active Democrats of his township, and with his family belongs to the Cumberland Presbyterian church. RICHARD M. HOLLAND, a well known farmer of Gallatin county, Ill., living near the town of Omaha, was born Oct. 13, 1841, near Bowling Green, Warren county, Ky., his parents being Hezekiah and Sarah (Poole) Holland. Hezekiah Holland served in the Mexican war and in 1849 came with his family to Gallatin county, located about a mile and a half southwest of Cottonwood, where he built a log cabin twenty by twenty-four feet, on the place where Bennett Murphy now lives, and died there in 1853. After his death his widow married James Brockett and lived to be sixty years old. The children of Hezekiah and Sarah Holland were Thomas, Richard M., Shandy, Lambert P., James, George, Andrew, John, Sarah, Zachary and Josephus. Thomas lives in Norris City; Richard is the subject of this sketch; Shandy lives in Asbury township; Lambert lives at Omaha, and the others are deceased. Five of these brothers—Thomas, Zachary, John, Lambert and Shandy—enlisted at the beginning 0f the Civil war and served until the close, taking part in numerous engagements. At the age of eighteen years Richard M. Holland began working for the neighboring farmers at $13 a month. He then rented land on shares for two years. In 1862 lie was married to Miss Tempy Sanders, and on October 9th of that year removed to the place; where he still lives. His wife died July 20, 1868, leaving two children: Sidora J., wife of Lewis Murphy, and Parnesa A., who died in 1870. On July 21, 1872, he was married to Miss Martha J. Hargrove, and to this union there were born four children: Annie B., Alonz0, and two who died II-20 306 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY in infancy. After the death of his second wife, he was married a third time, his last wife being Miss Sarah A. Pruitt, to whom he was married on Oct. 10, 1878. To this marriage there has been born one son, Lee A. Mr. Holland has been successful in his farm life. Beginning with forty acres, on which stood a log cabin, he has gradually added to his farm until he is today 0ne of the prosperous men of the community in which he lives. He is a stanch Democrat in his political views, and in 1891 assessed the property of his township. He is a member of the Cumberland. Presbyterian church, and takes an interest in church work. JOHN C. ANDERSON, a farmer and stock dealer, living near Omaha, Ill., is a descendant of one of the oldest families in that portion of the Lower Ohio Valley. His grandfather, Solomon Anderson, was born in South Carolina, Feb. 8, 1806, his parents being James and Polly Anderson. On May 5, 1830, Solomon Anderson was married to Margaret Williams of Kentucky, she being at the time of her marriage but fifteen years of age, and soon afterward settled in Posey county, Ind., on the site of the village of old Springfield. There he foll0wed the occupations of farming and shoemaking, and achieved quite a reputation as a hunter and trapper. The children of Solomon and Margaret Anderson were William N., Urbane, Asa C., Nancy, Martha, Margaret, Mary E., John and Elias. William N. was born Sept. 2, 1831, and died Dec. 26, 1857. He married Mary A. Rusher, daughter of Jerry Rusher, who came from North Carolina in pioneer days and settled in Posey county. This couple were the parents of John C. Anderson, the subject of this sketch, who was born in White county, Ill., Dec. 20, 1854. When he was but three weeks old his parents removed to Posey county, and there he grew to manhood on his father's farm. At the age of twenty-one years he started out for himself. On Sept. 6, 1877, he was married to Miss Hannah D0wnen and in October came to Gallatin county locating on the farm where lie now lives, only thirty acres of which was at that time tinder cultivation. For two and a half years he lived in a log cabin, when he built a better house, and by his own industry he has cleared 125 acres of land, leaving only about twelve or thirteen MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 307 acres of his farm that is not now under cultivation. Mr. Anderson buys and ships a great deal of live stock, most of which is shipped from Omaha. He has followed this business in addition to his farming interests for about fourteen years, and has been very successful as a stock dealer. He is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen and in politics is independent, voting for the man rather than for the candidate of any particular party. He and his wife have the following children: William L., Bertha, Stella M., Julia H., Mary A., Dora and Audrey. THOMAS H. GLASSCOCK, a farmer living near Omaha, Ill., was born in that county, March 26, 1845, on the site of the present village of Cottonwood, and has passed his whole life within two miles of his birthplace. His father, John J. Glasscock, was born in Virginia, but left that state in boyhood, removing with his parents first to Ohio and then to Gallatin county, Ill., being about nineteen years old when the family settled on the ground where William Wilson now lives. Both the grandfathers of Thomas H. Glasscock fought in the Black Hawk war and lived to be very old men. John J. Glasscock married Elizabeth Newman, and to this marriage were born the following children: Thomas H.; Jane, widow of James Bailey; Patsey, and John. In 1862 the father of these children enlisted as a private in Company D, Twenty-ninth Illinois volunteer infantry, and took part in all the battles and skirmishes in which his command participated, serving until the close of the war. He and his wife were both members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Thomas H. Glasscock acquired his education in the old-fashioned log schoolhouse, with slab benches, puncheon floor, huge fireplace and only one window. Even to attend this school he was compelled to walk a mile and a half. His first teacher was a Mr. Dalton. In 1865 he was married to Harriet Bryant, and to this union were born two children, James L. and John W. The former is deceased and the latter now lives near his father. Mrs. Glasscock died in 1869, and he subsequently married Miss Arminda Gwaltney. They have had three children: Clarence (deceased), Elma and Henry. Mr. Glasscock owns 140 acres of fine land, all in a high state of cultivation and well improved. Politically he is a Republican, one of the kind who is always true to his convictions, though he has many personal friends of the opposite political faith. He is a member and one of the trustees of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, in which he has held the office of deac0n the greater part of the time since 1863. II-14  308 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY AMARIAH GWALTNEY, a well known farmer and stock raiser, living near Omaha, Ill., was born Sept. 24, 1848, near Stewartsville, Posey county, Ind. His grandfather, John Gwaltney, was a native of England, but was banished from that country for picking up an apple under a tree that belonged to one of the nobility. the course of time he settled in Posey county, where he became a well-to-do farmer. One of his s0ns, Amariah, was born Feb. 9, 1804, married Sarah Reeder July 24, 1828, and became one of the largest land-owners in the neighborhood where he lived. At the time of his death, July 7, 1848, he left his widow 600 acres, up0n which she lived until her death, Oct. 17, 1867. Their children were John, Eliza, Elizabeth, Jeremiah, Anna, Emaline, Fanny, Marinda, Simon, Josephus, Adijah, Arminda and Amariah. Amariah, the youngest of the family and the subject of this sketch, received a good education in his y0uth by attending the common schools and the Fort Branch academy. After his father's death he continued t0 live with his mother the remainder 0f her life. When she died he attended sch0ol f0r three winters, working on the farm in the summer time, and then commenced teaching. For three years he taught in the common schools. In the spring 0f 1872 he came to Gallatin county, and on August 22 of that year was married to Miss Mary E., daughter of Solomon Anderson. Soon after his marriage Mr. Gwaltney located in Ridgway township, where he bought eighty acres adjoining his present farm. Part of the tract was improved and a log cabin stood on the place. Here he and his wife lived for two years, when he sold out and bought the farm now occupied by J. B. Hale. Twelve years later he traded that farm for the one he now owns. When he took possession of this farm the improvements amounted to almost nothing, but by his industry and good management he has now one of the best improved farms in the county. Mr. Gwaltney is a Democrat in his p0litical affiliations, takes an active interest in public affairs, and for two years served as justice of the peace. He and his wife both belong to the Primitive Baptist church. They have one daughter, Elsie, now the wife of Benjamin Kinsall. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 309 REV. ROBERT REID, a retired Presbyterian minister, living at Saline Mines, Ill., is a native of Scotland, having been born at Paisley, Nov. 6, 1822. His father, whose name was also Robert, was born in 1799. In early life he was for a time engaged in the manufacture of shawls for which Paisley is noted all over the world, a but the greater part of his life he followed the occupation of mining. He married Ann Wiley and in 1839 they left Scotland for America. They first settled in Nova Scotia, where they lived until 1842, when they came to the United States. They lived in Pennsylvania until 1850, then removed to Maryland, where the father died and the widow came with her family soon afterward to Gallatin county, Ill. Of their ten children Anna and the subject of this sketch, both living at Saline Mines, are the only survivors.. Rev. Robert Reid received the greater part of his schooling in the common schools of his native land. At the age of twenty-eight he married Elizabeth Campbell, a native of Scotland, who came over on the same ship with him in 1839, being at that time but eight years of age, and afterward removing to Maryland about the same time he did. They began their wedded life at Minersville, Pa., where he was employed in the mines. Later they removed to Maryland, and in 1854 to Gallatin county. Mr. Reid took charge of the mines for the Saline Coal Company,, and settled at Saline Mines, in which locality he has ever since lived. He continued as superintendent of the mines until 1859, when he engaged in mercantile pursuits. This business he carried on for about fifteen years, though he was also interested in mining operations most of the time, either inconnectionn with the Saline Coal Company or the Martha Iron and Furnace Company, of Gallatin and Hardin counties. He is still associated with the Saline Coal Company. In addition to his interests in the mines he owns about 160 acres of land near Saline Mines, which for years he has managed. In 1856 he took up the work of the ministry, having been an elder in the Presbyterian church for some time previously, and since 1884 he has devoted most of his time to the church, preaching at Equality, Harrisburg, Saline Mines and for other churches. Mr. Reid is a Republican in politics, and in his earlier years took an active interest in public affairs. Ile has served as justice of the 310 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY peace and has been identified with many movements for the up-building of the community in which he lives. He and his wife had the following children: Agnes, now Mrs. Hamilton, of Victor, Col.; Wiley, living at Carbondale, Ill.; Walter, who lives at Danville in the same state; George, deceased; Dent (see sketch); Thomas, now in Oklah0ma; Bessie, at home; May (deceased); Millie, now Mrs. Wiederhold, of Gallatin county; Clara, at home; William (deceased); Robert (deceased). The mother of these children died in January, 1894. In the spring of 1904 Mr. Reid met with an accident that disabled him to such an extent that he has been compelled to forego the active work of the ministry, though he still preaches at times. He has a large circle of acquaintances, with all of whom he is popular, and who esteem him for his many good qualities of both mind and heart. JOSIAH McCUE, a farmer living five miles southwest of Shawneetown, Ill., was born near Saline Mines, in the same county, Oct. 2, 1859. His grandfather, John McCue, was a native of Ireland, a collier by occupation, who came to the United States in his early manhood, located in Marion county, O., where he married and continued to reside until 1844, when he came to Gallatin county and located near Saline Mines. There he was employed in the mines until his death. He and his wife had four children, none of whom are now living. One of the sons, John Y. McCue, was born in Marion county in 1838, and was six years of age when his parents came to Illinois. His mother died when he was twelve years of age, and for the next three years he made his home with an uncle, after which he went to work in the mines and continued in that occupation for about four years. Toward the close of the Civil war he enlisted in the Uni0n army, but never got any further than Shawneetown, where he was when the news came that Lee had surrendered and the war was over. When he was about nineteen years old he was married to Nancy Marble, a native of Tennessee, and from that time until his death followed farming in the neighborhood of Saline Mines. They had four children: John W. (deceased); Josiah, the subject of this sketch; Sarah, a Mrs. Oxford, of Hardin county; and Mary A., now Mrs. Hill, also living in Hardin county. The mother of these children died in 1867, and the father married Martha Kendrick. To this union there were born three children: Y. Y., in St. Louis; Rachel Robins0n, at home; and Mattie (deceased). Josiah McCue received his educati0n in the common scho0ls, and at the age of twenty years began farming on his own account 0n his father's farm. In 1886 he bought a place MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 311 of 157 acres, where he now lives. This he has added to until he now owns 275 acres, all under cultivati0n and well improved. Mr. McCue, like his father before him, takes some interest in politics, and has been elected on the Democratic ticket to some of the township offices. He belongs to the Farmers' Social and Economic Union. In 1881 he was married to Elizabeth Shaffer, a native of Evansville, Ind., and their children are: Joseph A., Clara, George, Katie, Bessie, Raymond, Rachel, Frankie and John. Joseph is in St. Louis, Clara married a Mr. White and lives in the neighborhood, and the 0thers are at home. JOHN W. HARRINGTON, a farmer living near Omaha, Ill., was born Feb. 4, 1859, on the farm adjoining the one on which he now lives. His father, Miro Harrington, was a native of Long Island, N. Y., where he was born in 1813. When he was a boy his parents removed to Ohio, locating near Gallipolis, where he grew to manhood and married Jemima Irion in the year 1840. For a number of years he followed boating to New Orleans and in 1857 he removed to Illinois, lived one year in Hardin county, and then came to Gallatin county. He bought 140 acres in what is now Ridgway township, the tract of land now being occupied by his daughter, Mrs. William Rogers. At the time he bought it there was a log cabin on the place and about forty acres cleared. He died on that farm in 1881, aged sixty-seven years. His wife survived until 1897, when she died at the age of seventy-five. They are buried side by side in Union Ridge cemetery, in White county. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church for many years prior to her death. Their children were Amanda, Henry I., Hezekiah, Romelia, Ann, John W., Orlenia, Albina, Alice, Rosetta, Sarepta and Vienna. Amanda is the wife of a Mr. Holt; Henry lives in Ridgway; Hezekiah is in Kansas City, Mo.; Romelia is the widow of William Rogers and lives on the old home place; Ann is the wife of W. J. Sanders; John W. is the subject of this sketch, and the others are deceased. John W. Harrington obtained a good practical education in the public schools, and at the age of twenty-one rented the old home place and began life 0n his own account. He now owns 200 acres, 160 of which is 312 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY under cultivation, and is regarded as one 0f the f0rem0st farmers of the community. Mr. Harrington is a Republican in his political views, and, although firm in his convictions, he has a large number of Democratic friends who value his friendship because of his many go0d qualities. He has been twice married, first in 1880 to Miss Mary E., daughter of James T. Ramsey of Indiana, and to this union there were born two sons, Leroy and Lawrence. His first wife died in 1884, and in 1887 he was married to Cordelia Rogers, by whom he has three children: Clarence, Vera, and Henry. Mr. Harrington belongs to the Court of Honor, and is always interested in any and every movement for the betterment of the neighb0rhood where he has passed his whole life. WILLIAM R. McKERNAN, a prominent lawyer of Shawneetown, Ill., is of Irish extraction, his great-grandparents coming from County Cavan, Ireland, and settling in what is now West Virginia. They had a family of twelve sons and as these sons grew to manhood they scattered to different parts of the country. Three of them, Peter, Charles, and Reuben, went to Kentucky, and subsequently settled in Gallatin county. Here Reuben McKernan (the original Irish spelling of the name was McKiernan) engaged in farming for the remainder of his life. He was born in Ireland, and coming to the New World in early life the privilege of attending school was practically denied him, yet he developed into a man of strong character and fixed convictions, a leader among his neighbors and highly respected by all who knew him. He married a Miss Addison of Gallatin county and they had a family of four children, only one of whom is now living. Henry, Elizabeth, and Julia are all dead and Charles is living in Kansas. Elizabeth married a man named Calvert. Henry McKernan, the eldest son, was born in 1829, and passed his whole life in Gallatin county, where he followed the occupation of a farmer. He was a man of fair education. On Nov. 28, 1852, he was married to Miss Lydia, daughter of Thomas Spivey, an old resident of Gallatin county. To this marriage were born the following children: Maria, deceased; William R., the subject of this sketch; Mollie, living in Louisville, Ky.; and Charles Henry, a farmer MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 313 living near Equality, in Gallatin county. The father of these children died in February, :1864, and the mother died in 1871. William R. McKernan, the eldest son of Henry and Lydia (Spivey) McKernann, was born May 27, 1856. He was therefore but eight years old when his father died, and only fifteen when his mother passed to her final resting place. Consequently, the responsibilities of a man were thrust upon him early in life. The care of a younger sister and baby brother was thrown upon him and his elder sister, who was his senior by a little more than a year, but with true Irish spirit they accepted the responsibility, and with heroic sacrifice they kept the little family together. William worked for the neighboring farmers for twenty-five cents a day, taking his pay in provisions, while his sister spun and wove the cloth, from which she made the clothing for the orphaned children, the wool being the product of ten head of sheep that had been left by the parents. Under these conditions attendance at school was out of the question. But the boy made up his mind to secure an education. With such assistance as his sister could give him he studied of evenings and at odd times until he was twenty years of age, when, with not more than six months altogether in school, he secured a teacher's certificate and commenced teaching. He taught for two years, saving all the money he could, and then attended the Illinois academy at Enfield for a year. Again he entered the schoolroom as a teacher for a year, after which he went to Ewing college for a year. From that time until 1888 he taught continuously in the school at Waltonborough, studying law in the meantime, as opportunity offered, under the directions of Judge E. U. Youngblood, of Shawneetown. In 1887 he was admitted to the liar and in 1888 was nominated by the Democracy of Gallatin county for the office of state's attorney, and at the ensuing election was victorious by a decisive majority. In 1892, at the close of his first term, he was re-elected, serving two terns of four years each. In 1891 he was appointed master in chancery for Gallatin county, and served with signal ability for four years. Mr. McKernan is a splendid example of a self-made man, a worthy son of an honored sire, whose family were among the pioneers of the Lower Ohio Valley. The young man who reads this sketch of his life may find in it an inspiration to make a mark in the world. In fraternal circles Mr. McKernan is a prominent figure, belonging to the time-honored Masonic fraternity, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and the Knights of Pythias. He has been twice married. In June, 1892, he was married to Miss Margaret Smith, of Indianapolis, Ind., but she died without 314 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY issue in October, 1893. In Igor he was married to Miss Grace Phile, daughter of William Phile, an old resident of Shawneetown. Mr. and Mrs. McKernan are both members of the Presbyterian church and take an interest in its good works. FRANK E. CALLICOTT, one of the largest landowners in Gallatin county, Ill., living three miles west of Shawneetown, is a descendant of one of the oldest families in America. His ancestry can be traced back to an Englishman of that name, who came to this country and settled in Virginia, long before the Revolution. He had three sons, John, Beverly, and Harrison, all of whom fought in the Revolution, John being a captain in Washington's command and present at the surrender of Lord Cornwallis. Beverly Callicott was born in 1752. He married and reared a family of eight children, viz.: John, Beverly, William, Samuel, Jordan, Dicey, Nancy, and Polly. Samuel, the fourth child, was born in Virginia in 1797. He married a Miss Anderson, whose father was a major under General Marion, and in 1829 came with his wife and family to Gallatin county, settling in the Pond settlement about eight miles north of Shawnee-town, where they passed the remainder of their lives and are buried in the Callicott cemetery. Their children were Aggie, Claiborne, John, Polly Ann, Harrison Talitha, Wade, and Washington. In those pioneer days he was a noted hunter, was twice married but no children were born to the second marriage. John A. Callicott, the third of the family, was born in Smith county, Tenn., March 31, 1824. He received his education in the old fashioned subscription schools and about the time he reached his majority went to Shawneetown and served an apprenticeship with Orvil Poole and Jobe Smith at harness-making. At the breaking out of the Mexican war he enlisted in Capt. M. K. Lawler's company of dragoons and served through the entire war. After being mustered out he returned to his trade of harness-making, MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 315 which he followed for several years, then becoming interested in transporting grain by flatboat on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. The last trip he made to New Orleans was just at the beginning of the Civil war, and he lost his load of corn which he had taken down the river. Upon his return home he, with John Eddy and others, raised a company of volunteers, of which he was elected captain and Eddy first lieutenant, and which was mustered in as Company C, Twenty-ninth Illinois infantry. The regiment was attached to McClernand's division of Grant's army and fought at forts Henry and Donelson, Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, around Vicksburg, and toward the close of the war assisted in the reduction of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, after which it was sent to Texas, where it was mustered out in November, 1865. At Fort Donelson, Captain Callicott was wounded five times and sent home to recover. He rejoined his regiment in time to take part in the fight at Pittsburg Landing, and remained under Grant until the latter was assigned to the command of the Army of the Potomac. Captain Callicott was soon promoted to major, then to lieutenant-colonel, and during the last three years of service was in command of the regiment. After being discharged he returned to Shawnee-town, where he engaged in the saddlery business until 1875, when he again took up flatboating and followed that occupation for about four years. He then turned his attention to agricultural pursuits until his death, which occurred on April 3, 1898, when he and his brother Washington fell victims to the great flood that did so much damage ab0ut Shawneetown, twenty-six lives being lost. He was buried on his farm in what is known as the Kanady graveyard. In 1850 he was married to Miss Sarah, daughter of John Ellis, whose father, William Ellis, was with Jackson in the war of 1812, and settled in Gallatin county about 1815. He entered a large tract of land and was the first county surveyor. His children were William, Abner, J0hn, Caleb, Benjamin, James and Nancy. All married and reared large families, so that at the present time a large number of his descendants are living in Southern Illinois. The sons, like the father, took a deep interest in public affairs, and the family played an important part in shaping the early destinies of the county. The widow and one son, William, lived to be over 100 years old. John  316 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY Ellis, the father of Mrs. Callicott, married Letitia McCool, daughter of Abraham McCool, wh0 was an officer under General Marion in the Revolution. After the death of William Ellis his widow married a man named Hogan, after whom the Hogan graveyard near Bowlesville was named, and where William Ellis and a number of his descendants are buried. After the death of Abraham McCool in North Carolina, his son, also named Abraham, with his mother and her children came to Gallatin county. Two of his sons, William and Marion, were killed while serving in the Union army during the war, one at Fort Donelson and the other at Guntown. To the marriage of John A. Callicott and Sarah Ellis was born one son, Frank E., the subject of this sketch. His mother died in 1854, when he was only about one year old, and his father in 1856 married Eliza Hamilton, but no children were born to this union. The second wife died in 1860, and in 1865 he married Hester Kanady. To this marriage there were born four children: Rebecca, now Mrs. McGhee, living five miles west of Shawneetown; Mary (deceased); William B. (deceased), and one who died in infancy. The mother of these children died in 1872. For many years John A. Callicott was prominently identified with the civic life of Gallatin county. He was one of the first four men to vote the Republican ticket in that county in 1856, and for nearly half a century afterward took an interest in p0litical affairs. After the war he served two terms as mayor of Shawneetown and held other offices, in all of which he made a creditable record. He belonged to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, more for the good that he could do others than for the benefits he might receive. Frank E. Callicott was born April 18, 1833, in the house now occupied by Mrs. Frank Eddy in Shawneetown. His early education was acquired in the public schools of his native town, and he still cherishes very highly a number of books awarded him by his teachers as prizes for good conduct, the highest scholarship, and regular attendance. Afterward he graduated from Miami university at Oxford, O., with the class of 1873, standing at the head of his class, and receiving the degrees f Bachelor and Master of Arts. He then took up the work of teaching and was for four years the principal of the Shawneetown schools. During that time he studied law, and in 1878 was admitted to the bar. He never practiced his profession, however, as he had become interested in farming operations in 1876, and from the time of his admission until 1893 was in partnership with his father. In 1877 he also engaged in the harness and, implement trade, and while in this business had the distinction 0f MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 317 introducing into Gallatin county some of the modern farm implements, among which might be named the twine binder, the disc harrow, the corn planter, the traction engine and the drilled well. In 1900 he sold 0ut this business and the following year removed to the place where he n0w lives, and where he owns about 2,500 acres of land, most of which is under cultivation. To oversee this large farm requires most of his time and attention. All of this property has been accumulated by his own industry and business sagacity, and he is regarded as 0ne 0f the most successful men in the county in whatever he undertakes. During the war he was with his father's regiment for a while each year, thus becoming acquainted with military movements, an experience he still vividly remembers. Ile is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias, and as a Republican takes an active part in political affairs, though he has never held any office, either by election or appointment. although well qualified for alm0st any position. In his younger days he was a member of the Illinois National Guard as a member of Captain Nolen's company, and participated in their drills, encampments and sham battles, In his youth he took great delight in athletic sports and excelled in running, jumping, sparring, baseball and cycling, but in later years his time has all been taken up with his business affairs, though he still enjoys athletics as a spectator. He has never married. MARSHALL WISEHEART, of Shawneetown, Ill., county judge of Gallatin county, was born in that county, June 25, 1865. The family is of German origin, though the Wisehearts of Gallatin county are of Pennsylvania ancestry. The first of the name to conic to Illinois was John Wiseheart, a native of Pennsylvania, who came West in the twenties, entered a tract of land in Gallatin county, and there passed the remainder of his life as a farmer. He married before leaving Pennsylvania and reared a family of seyen children, only one of whom is now living. Richard was a minister of the Christian or Campbellite church ; John followed farming and merchandizing ; William, the only survivor of the family, is now a farmer of Gallatin county; Samuel was a merchant; Ellen married William 318 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY Bird; Hannah married Alvin DeWitt; and Mary was the wife of James Rice. William Wiseheart was born in Gallatin county, Ill., Jan. 7, 1832, and has always lived in the county. He received a common school education and upon reaching manhood adopted the occupation of farming, which he has followed all his life. He married Sarah, daughter of Henry Gill, an old resident of the county, and to this union there have been born the following children Laura, widow of William Mattingly; Albert, a farmer of Gallatin county; Anna, wife of James Purcell, of Equality, Ill.; Marshall, the subject of this sketch ; and Lucy, wife of William Powell, of Gallatin county. Marshall Wiseheart, familiarly known as "Marsh," has always lived in Gallatin county. As a boy he worked on his father's farm, attending the district schools during the winter months. At the age of nineteen years he commenced teaching and followed that occupation for three years, when he was appointed to a position as deputy in the circuit clerk's office at Shawneetown. Later he went into the sheriff's office as deputy, remaining in the two positions until 1892. While thus employed he spent his spare time in the study of law, and in May, 1892, he passed the examination before the state supreme court and was admitted to the bar. Ile then commenced the practice of his profession at Gallatin and continued in it until August, 1894, when he was appointed postmaster at Shawneetown and held the office for a little over four years, retiring in September, 1898. In November of that year he was elected treasurer of Gallatin county on the Democratic ticket, and served a full term of four years. In 1902 he received the nomination of his party for county judge, and at the election in November was chosen by a handsome majority to administer the affairs of that office for a term of four years. He is now serving in that position. Judge Wiseheart is prominent in fraternal circles, being a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, the Court of Honor, and the Loyal Americans. He was married on April 4, 1894, to Miss Fannie Boyd, a daughter of John R. Boyd, an old and honored resident of Gallatin county, who at the time of his death in 1896 was a member of the Illinois State board of equalization from the Twenty-fourth Congressional district. Mr. and Mrs. Wiseheart have four sons, viz.: Malcolm, William, Raymond and Marshall Clarence. MEMOIRS OF TILE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 319 CHARLES CARROLL, a well known merchant of Shawneetown, Ill., and the only surviving child of James and Judith M. (Williamson) Carroll, was born at Lynchburg, Va., Feb. 25, 1833 About 1824 three brothers, Patrick, John, and James Carroll, came to America and located at Richmond, Va., where they established themselves in the mercantile business. There Patrick died and some five years later the other two brothers removed to Lynchburg. In 1828 James was married to Judith M. Williamson, of an old Virginia family, and in 1834 removed to St. Louis, Mo. In 1836 he went to St. Charles, Mo., and died there in, the fall of that year. He and his wife had two sons, John, who died in infancy, and Charles. After the death of her husband Mrs. Carroll went to Louisville, Ky., and in 1837 removed with her son, then some four years old, to Shawneetown. There she was married in 1839 to John D. Richeson, by whom she had one son and two daughters. Elenora married Judge J. D. Turner and died in 1899. Albert G. is now a merchant in Shawneetown, and Mary is the wife of Judge McBane of the same place. The mother of Charles Carroll died on Sept. 6, i856. As Charles Carroll grew up he attended the schools of Shawneetown, where he received his primary education. In 1846 he entered Cumberland college at Princeton, Ky., and studied in that institution for three years. Returning to Shawneetown in 1849 he entered the law office of Albert G. Caldwell as a student, and continued to study law until 1852. He then went into the wholesale and retail dry goods business in partnership with his step-father, under the firm name of Richeson & Carroll. This partnership was dissolved in 1868, and since that time Mr. Carroll has been engaged in conducting a general store at Shawneetown. For a number of years he was also a large operator in grain and tobacco, and was interested in river navigation. In connection with Thomas S. Ridgway and Charles A. Beecher he was one of the projectors of the Illinois & Southeastern railway (now a part of the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern), and supervised its construction from Shawneetown to Beardstown. Ill., a distance of two hundred and twenty miles. Mr. Carroll is president of the Gallatin county agricultural board, and under his management very successful fairs have been held for several years past. He takes a lively interest 320 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY in all political affairs, but has never been a seeker for public office. Notwithstanding this he was nominated by the Democratic party for the office of state treasurer in 18i4, but he was defeated along with the rest of his ticket by the usual Republican majority. In 1856 he was married to Miss Elizabeth K., eldest daughter of the late Henry Eddy, who was for many years regarded as the leading lawyer of Shawnectown. To this marriage there have been born the following children : Charles Jr., now mayor of Shawneetown; Mary Eddy, wife of E. R. Sisson, a lawyer at Storm Lake, Ia. ; Judith Mimms, wife of William Ridgway, a lumber dealer in Chicago; and Bessie, wife of William R. Higgins, formerly a grain dealer of Chicago, but now in the real estate business at Spencer, Ia. WILL A. HOWELL, of Shawneetown, Ill., master in chancery of Gallatin county, s a representative member of one of the oldest families in America. The Howells of Kentucky and Southern Illinois are of Irish extraction and can trace their ancestry back to one of three brothers who came from the Emerald Isle with Capt. John Smith's colony and settled at Jamestown, Va., in 1607. Much of the early history of the family is veiled in obscurity, but it is known that some of the descendants settled in Kentucky at a very early elate, where they played an important part in wresting the "Dark and Bloody Ground" from the possession of the Indians. Some of the family finally located at Cynthiana, where Chester Howell, the immediate ancestor of that branch of the family now living in Shawneetown and vicinity, was born. He had three sons : Squire, James D., and one whose name has been lost. Squire Howell had two sons and two daughters : Thomas, Chester, Susan and Anna. James D. Howell, who was the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born at Cynthiana, Jan. 27, 1809. He received his education in the schools of that period, the course of study being confined to the simplest rudiments of an English education. During his boyhood he engaged in hauling freight from Cynthiana to Cincinnati, but upon arriving at man's estate he removed to near Lexington, where he became a farmer. In 1840 he removed to Trimble county, Ky., where he lived for about twelve years, when he went to Union county, and MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 321 there passed the remainder of his life, dying Aug. 23, 1894, at the advanced age of eighty-five years. On Sept. 6, 1831, he was married to Miss Millicent, daughter of Alexander Breckenridge, living near Lexington. She was a member of the celebrated family of that name, and a first cousin to Gen. John C. Breckenridge. She died June 26, 1876. Her mother's maiden name was Wickliffe, a sister to George and Robert Wickliffe, who were among the Kentucky pioneers. James D. and Millicent Howell were the parents of the following children: William A., who died young; Ann Martha, born Feb. 2, 1834, married Lemuel Holt, Nov. 26, 1857, and is now living a widow in Union county, KY.; James Elmore, born April 27, 1830, and died Sept. 28, 1837; John Lloyd, father of the subject of this sketch; Nancy J., born Nov. i8, 1839, and died Feb. 21, 1886; Warren, born March 31, 1841, married Anna Harth, and now lives at Caseyville, Ky.; Harriet Matilda, born Nov. 23, 1842, and died Dec. 27, 1842; Harrison, born Nov. 22, 1844, now lives in Union county, KY.; Walker T., born April 17, 1846, married Carrie Haskins in 1883, and now lives in Colorado; George W., born April 2, 1848, and died Aug. 21, 1893; Elizabeth Morris, born April 2, 1849, and died in 1883 ; Susan Howe, born Sept. 5, 1851, died July 19, 1871 ; Thomas Henry, born in November, 1864, married Fannie Wall, and now lives in Morganfield, Ky. John Lloyd Howell, the fourth child of this family was born at Lexington, Nov. 18, 1837. After such an education as the common schools of that day afforded he turned his attention to farming, and at the beginning of the Civil war was living near Hannibal, Mo. He returned home to Kentucky and enlisted in Company G, First Kentucky Confederate cavalry, which afterward became part of the famous "Orphan Brigade." After the war he located in Union county, Ky., and there followed farming and conducting a sawmill until 1885, when he became a pilot on the river, in which occupation he continued the rest of his active life. On April 25, 1867, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary L. Givens, of Trimble county, and she is now living in Shawneetown. To this marriage there were born four children: Nannie, widow of W. S. Callicott, and who for the last fourteen years has been a teacher in the Shawneetown public schools; Harry H., now a merchant in Shawneetown ; Will A., the subject of this sketch ; and Ray L., now the wife of C. L. Patterson, a postoffice inspector, living at Las Vegas, New Mexico. Will A. Howell was born in Union county, Ky., Jan. 24, 1877. His parents removed to Shawneetown when he was about two years old, and here he grew to II-21 322 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY manhood, receiving his education in the public schools. In 1894 he was appointed deputy clerk of Gallatin county and filled that position for three years, at the end of which time he embarked in the real estate, abstract and loan business, in which line he has continued ever since with the exception of about four months. In April, 1899, he was elected city clerk of Shawneetown, and was re-elected in 1901, holding the office for four years. In October, 1903, he was appointed master in chancery for Gallatin county for a term of two years, and is now discharging the duties of that position. Mr. Howell is prominent in the fraternal societies of Shawnectown, being a member of the Masonic fraternity, the Knights of Pythias, the Modern Woodmen of America, and the Fraternal Army of Loyal Americans. On New Year's day, 1900, he was married to Miss Cleora L. Hite, of Peru, Ind., and to this union there has been born one son, Edward Hite, born Jan. 28, 1901. JOHN WILLIAM BOWLING, M.D., one of the leading physicians of Shawneetown, Ill., was born near Catlettsburg, Boyd county, Ky., Jan. 21, 1862. His father, Jasper Bowling, was also a native of Boyd county, and of Irish and English parentage. He was born Oct. 17, 1833, and grew to manhood near Catlettsburg where he obtained a common school education, afterward graduating from the Cincinnati business college. For several years he was deputy clerk of Boyd county. During the war he was provost marshal, stationed at Catlettsburg, and for some time immediately after the war he served as deputy internal revenue collector. He was also interested in farming operations. In the fall of 1868 he removed with his family to Gallatin county, Ill., making the trip by river, and upon locating there taught school for about three years, after which he bought a good farm in North Fork township, where he still lives. He continued to teach during the winter months for about twelve years, served for several years as justice of the peace, and also as township treasurer. He was married in 1861 to Miss Pauline Crow, a native of Northeastern Kentucky. She died in the spring of 1885, the mother of seven children, viz.: Dr. John W., the subject of this MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 323 sketch ; Eudora, who died in 1877 at the age of twelve years Philip S., died in 1896 at the age of twenty-five ; Abraham L., a farmer in Gallatin county; Edwin, a school teacher in the same county; Addie, wife of Louis McLain, of Halliday, Ark. ; and Hattie, at home. Some time after the death of the mother of these children Mr. Bowling was married to Miss Jane Stinson, of Saline county, Ill., and one daughter, Helen, has Seen born to this second marriage. Dr. John W. Bowling was about seven years of age when his parents came to Gallatin county. After a preliminary education in the district schools he spent one year at the Southern Illinois college, located at Carmi, and one year at Ewing college in Franklin county. He then taught for three years, studying medicine in the meantime as opportunity presented. He then took three courses of medical lectures, one year at Evansville,Indl., and two years in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of Keokuk, Ia., from which he was graduated with the class of 1887. Returning to Illinois he commenced the practice of his profession at Omaha, in Gallatin county, and soon built up a lucrative business. In the winter of 1901-2 he took a post-graduate course in the Post-Graduate school of Chicago, and in the latter year removed to Shawneetown, where he has ever since been engaged in general practice. In recent years he has devoted considerable attention to general surgery, in which he has performed some noteworthy operations. Dr. Bowling is a member of the American, the Illinois State, the Southern Illinois, and the Ohio Valley Medical associations, and the Medical society of Gallatin county. He is surgeon for both the Louisville & Nashville and the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern railways ; was county physician for eight years; is examiner for all the reputable old line insurancecompaniess doing business in Southern Illinois ; and is a member of the pension examining board of Shawneetown. In politics he has always been a stalwart Republican; was a member of the county central committee from the time he attained his majority until his removal to Shawneetown ; served for ten years as secretary of the committee, and has several times been called upon to serve as a delegate to state conventions. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and the Modern Woodmen, in both of which he is popular because of his many sterling qualities. In 1885 he was united in marriage to Miss Eliza Davis, a native of Posey county-, Ind., and to this union there have been born three children: Albert Leslie, Emory Emmons and Ethel Gail. 324 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY GEORGE L. HOUSTON, of Shawneetown, Ill., state's attorney for Gallatin county, was born in that county June 8, 1870. His parents, Samuel and Nannie (Adams) Houston, were both natives of the county and there passed their whole lives. Samuel Houston received a common school education, and upon arriving at manhood became a farmer,, which occupation he followed through life. When the Civil war broke out he enlisted in Company L, Sixth Illinois cavalry, and served until the close of hostilities. The exposure incident to army life affected his eyesight, and soon after the war be became totally blind. His general health was also impaired and he died on Dec. 24, 1874, his wife having died in the first week of the same month. They left three children: George L., the subject of this sketch; Alexander, who died in 1883; and Walter, now a farmer in Gallatin county. George L. Houston was only about four years old when his parents died, and he was taken into the family of his father's brother, William Houston. About a year later his uncle died, and he then found a home with Martin Doherty, living about ten miles from Shawneetown, where he remained until he was about twenty years of age. Up to the time he was sixteen years old his opportunities to attend school were very much restricted by circumstances, and being without parents, or other intimate relatives to direct his course, his knowledge of books was quite limited. But, beginning when he was seventeen, he applied himself assiduously to his studies in the district schools for three seasons, and when he was twenty secured a teacher's certificate. After teaching a six months' term he attended the Hayward college at Fairfield, Ill., for a ten weeks' term, and then worked on a farm the remainder of the season until the school year opened. He taught another tens, the following winter, and then attended a short term at the Southern Illinois college at Enfield, after which he again found work as a farm hand. In the spring of 1892, after teaching another term in the country schools, he went to Shawneetown, and in the following September was appointed to a position as deputy in the office of the county clerk. Mr. Houston filled this position very creditably for six years. During the first three years of that time he devoted his leisure hours to the study of law and in February, I89, was admitted to the bar. Although engaged in the clerk's office he commenced the practice of his profession in a limited way and soon won the respect of both bench and bar by his earnestness and dignified bearing in the courts. In the spring of 1895 he was elected city attorney of Shawneetown, and was twice re-elected, serving six years in all. In 1900 he was nominated by the Democracy MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 325 of Gallatin county for the office of state's attorney, and was elected to the position in November of that year. His record during his four years' term was so satisfactory that when the Democratic convention met in the spring of 1904 he was nominated for a re-election. Mt. Houston owes his success entirely to his own energy and determination to succeed. Left an orphan at a tender age he has fought the battle of life up to the present time against odds that would have discouraged one with less courage. Yet he never faltered, believing in the old adage that "Where there is a will there is a way," and his career is proof that such is the case. He was married on July 6, 1901, to Miss Mabel, daughter of George Grater, an old resident of Gallatin county. ANGUS M. L. McBANE, a retired lawyer and merchant of Shawneetown, Ill., and ex-judge of Gallatin county, is justly entitled to be classed as one of the foremost citizens of the city. The McBane family is of Scotch origin, the grandfather of Judge McBane coming from Scotland in the early part of the nineteenth century and settling at Cannonsburg, Pa., where he reared a family of children. One of his sons, Dr. A. M. L. McBane, was born at Cannonsburg in 1808. He received a fine literary education, which was supplemented by a complete course in the science of medicine. After graduating from medical college he traveled extensively through Europe, and upon returning to America located at Louisville, where he soon won eminence as a physician. In 1836 he went to Parkersburg, W. Va., and practiced there until 1842, when, in company with his brother William, he came to Illinois. The two brothers bought 1,600 acres of land where Metropolis City now stands, and 600 acres on the opposite side of the Ohio river in Kentucky. Here Dr. McBane passed the remainder of his life, in the practice of his profession and in looking after his large landed and commercial interests. His death occurred July 3, 1860. In 1836, while living in Louisville, he was married to Miss Ellen Willard of that city, though a native of New York. She was of English and French extraction, her father, Rev. Joseph Willard, having been an Episcopal minister at Newark, N. J., as early as 1806. Later he came West and died at Marietta, Ohio. He was a descendant of Maj. Simon Willard, who was somewhat famous in the early history of Boston. Dr. McBane and his wife had five children, viz.: Angus M. L., the subject of this sketch; Joseph, a graduate of the New Orleans Medical college, died on shipboard while crossing the Atlantic and was buried at sea; Ellen, deceased; Marietta, 326 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY widow of William Ward, living in Chicago, the mother of three children, one son, Frank, being a traveling man and secretary of the Standard club; and William A., who was a real estate and insurance man of Metropolis City at the time of his death in 1903. Angus M. L. McBane was born at Parkersburg, W. Va., Sept. 8, 1837. He was but five years of age when his parents came to Illinois. Ever since that time he has resided in that state and has been identified with the growth and development of Massac and Gallatin counties. He obtained his early education in the schools of Metropolis City, one of his teachers being Robert G. Ingersoll, who afterward achieved a world-wide reputation as an exponent of Agnosticism. Although nominally a student at this time young McBane was really an assistant teacher, Mr. Ingersoll devoting most of his time to Latin and history, leaving the greater part of his other school work to McBane. Later Judge McBane graduated from Princeton college of New York, after which he returned home, took tip the study of law under Hon, C. G. Simons and W. H. Green, and in 1860 graduated from the law department of the Kentucky State university, at Louisville. He began practice at Metropolis City, but scarcely established himself when the Civil war broke out. His desire was to enter the service of his country, but the recent death of his father made it necessary for him to remain at home to look after the large estate and to care for the family. However, he organized two companies, one in White county, Ill., and the other at Ford's Ferry, Ky., both of which were mustered into the army as part of the Forty-eighth Illinois infantry, of which he was made adjutant, but for reasons already stated he was compelled to resign the position. He accompanied Grant's forces from Paducah to Pittsburg Landing. and in the capacity of expressman for Grant's army was present at the historic battle of Shiloh. In 1864 he removed to Shawneetown, where be was elected county judge the following year and held the position for four years. In addition to his large law practice Judge McBane became interested in the mercantile affairs of Shawneetown. For several years he conducted one of the largest general stores there and was a large buyer of grain. In 1877 he practically retired from both professional and commercial life, and since then has devoted his time to the management of his large and varied investments. He was married in 1862 to Miss Mary, daughter of John D. Richeson, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this work. They have no children. Judge McBane is a member and past dictator in the Knights of Honor; has been president of the Business Men's association ever since it was organized in 1890; was once a MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 327 candidate for state senator, and is always active in promoting the general welfare of the community in which he lives. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. LUCIEN WINSLOW GORDON, M.D., who for almost a quarter of a century has practiced his profession at Equality, Ill., can trace his ancestry back to Archibald Gordon, a native of Scotland, who was the leader of a powerful clan during the Stuart uprising about the middle of the eighteenth century, and was compelled in consequence to leave his native land to save his life. For a time he lived in France, but just before the beginning of the French and Indian war he came to America, settling either in South Carolina or Northern Georgia. He lived to a good old age, his death occurring about the time of the beginning of the Revolutionary war. His three sons, John, William, and Robert, all served under General Greene in the Revolution, the first named attaining the rank of colonel. This John Gordon was the great-grandfather of Doctor Gordon, who is the subject of this sketch. He was born in Scotland, accompanied his parents to France and afterward to America. As a reward for his services during the Revolution he received the customary grant of land, located in what is now either Portage or Trumbull county, O., where he passed the remainder of his life. He married Susanna Bacon, a member of the old Virginia family of that name, and they had four sons : James, Robert, Archibald and Jonathan. (The names of the last two are not certain.) Robert Gordon, the seeond son, was born at Warren, Trumbull county, Ohio, about the year 1794, and passed his whole life in that vicinity. At one time he was one of the most prominent men in that section. He followed the vocation of making brick and erecting brick buildings, and did an extensive business. He was still in his minority when the war of 1812 broke out, but he enlisted as a "powder-monkey" in Commodore Perry's fleet, and served in the famous battle on Lake Erie. After the war he married Janet Porter, and they were the parents of the following children : Thomas Winslow, Isabella M., Anan rwin, Robert Porter, George Washington, Maria, Alta, Zina, Etta C., William Wallace, and Samuel Quimby. Thomas died in 1901, aged 328 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY eighty-two; Isabella now lives at Ravenna, O., as the widow of John Wheatly; Anan lives at Cameron, Mo.; Robert died at Beaver Falls, Pa., where some of his descendants still live; George Washington was the father of the subject of this sketch; Maria married John Gottschell and died soon afterward; Alta also became the wife of John Gottschell and died at Waterloo, Ill.; Zina died single; Etta C., lives at Warren, O., as the widow of Walter Nichols; William Wallace served in the Second Iowa infantry during the Civil war and died at Trenton, Mo. ; and Samuel is now living at Ravenna, O. George W. Gordon was born at Warren, Sept. 23, 183o. He was educated in the high school of his native town and about 1856 graduated from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. In 1852 he was united in marriage to Miss Sabine M. Tweed, of Ripley, O. Her father, John Tweed, was an ensign at the battle of Lake Erie, and his father was settled on a Revolutionary land grant in Brown county, O., in the Virginia Reserve. Soon after graduating from the medical college Dr. G. W. Gordon was elected demonstrator of anatomy in the institution and held that position until the death of his wife in 1859, when he removed to Little Rock, Ark. Here he soon established a lucrative practice, but in 1861, on account of his pronounced opposition to secession, he again returned to the North, and at St. Louis enlisted in Foster's Independent Ohio cavalry. He was at once elected lieutenant and was later commissioned captain in Birge's Second Missouri sharpshooters. He was next commissioned assistant surgeon of the Eighteenth Indiana infantry by Gov. Oliver P. Morton, and subsequently rose to the position of surgeon with the rank of major. In July, 1864, he was discharged for disability, came to Gallatin county, Ill., where he owned sonie land, and took up his residence there. As soon as he had sufficiently regained his health he resumed the practice of medicine, locating at Equality, and continued in that occupation until his death, Aug. 6, 1892. In November, 1864, he was married to Laura M. Campbell, widow of Lieut. Josiah Campbell. She was a daughter of Rev. Z. S. Clifford, who was chaplain of the Twenty-ninth Illinois infantry and a Lincoln elector in 1864. He was a native of New Hampshire and a cousin of Daniel Webster. Mrs. Laura Gordon died in 1888, and Major Gordon afterward married Flora R. Dively of Equality, who is still living. To the first marriage there were born two sons, John Robert and Lucien Winslow, the former of whom died in infancy and the latter is the subject of this sketch. To the second marriage five children were born, viz.: Laura, now the wife of Harry Huntsman, of Stamps, Ark.; George Ravenscroft, MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 329 living at Acme, La.; Louise, wife of M. R. Moore, of Equality; and two who died in infancy unnamed. No children were born to the third marriage. Dr. Lucien W. Gordon was born at New Hope, 0., Aug. 9, 1858, and was but seven years of age when his father located at Equality. He received his education in the public schools, the Enfield college and the Southern Illinois Normal university at Carbondale. In 1877 he entered the Miami Medical college of Cincinnati, and graduated with the class of 1880. On June 26, of that year, he opened an office for the practice of medicine in Equality, and has followed up his profession there ever since. As a physician he is both successful and popular, enjoying the respect of his brother practitioners and the confidence of his patients. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and both himself and wife belong to the Methodist Episcopal church. On Oct. 26, 1880, he married Miss Mollie Alexander Lewis, of Ripley, O., and they have one son, Frank Henderson, born Dec. 26, 1882, and graduated from the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy in 19o2. Mrs. Gordon is the granddaughter of Capt. Enoch Lewis, who fought tinder Harrison at the battle of Tippecanoe. Her grandmother was Hannah Potts, of the old Quaker family that founded Pottsville, Pa. JACOB BARGER, a prominent citizen and member of the board of aldermen of Shawneetown, Ill., is a descendant of one of the early settlers of Gallatin county. The Barger family originally came from Germany. The first of the name to come to America was George Barger, who settled in Pennsylvania prior to the Revolutionary war. Later he removed to Kentucky and became one of the pioneers of Breckenridge county. His son Jacob was born in Pennsylvania in 1784. After receiving a limited education there he went to Breckenridge county, Ky., where he learned the carpenter's trade and worked at it for a number of years there. In 1815 he removed to Illinois, locating at Shawneetown on the first day of May of that year. There he entered three hundred acres of land, though for several years he continued to work at his trade before he settled down to farming. He was prominent in local affairs and was for some time trustee of Shawneetown. He died in 1847. In 1809, while still living 330 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY in Kentucky he was married to Miss Elizabeth Seaton. She was a native of Kentucky, was born in 1787, and was a half-sister of Gen. John A. McClernand, who won distinction in the Union army during the Civil war. She died in 860o. The seven children born to this couple are all dead. One of the sons, Joseph B. Barger, was born in Breckenridge county, Feb. 2, 1814, and was little more than one year old when his parents came to Shawneetown. As he grew up he attended the schools of the town and began life as clerk in a store. Subsequently he engaged to some extent in flatboating on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. In 1847 he was appointed postmaster of Shawneetownn by President Polk and served until 1850, when he was elected sheriff of the county, holding the office for a term of two years. From 1854 to 1856 he was bookkeeper in the State bank of Illinois, and in the latter year was elected county clerk. This office he continued to hold by repeated re-elections for twenty-six consecutive years. When he retired from the office his fellow-citizens presented him with a fine gold-headed cane in token of their appreciation of his efficient services, his uniform courtesy to every resident of the county, and his fidelity to his duty. Upon retiring from his long and honorable career as a public official he lived a quiet life until his death, which occurred Oct. 19, 1900. In March, 1834, he was married to Miss Louisa M. Carter, who, like himself, was a native of Kentucky and about the same age. She died in 1861. They had seven children, viz.: Elizabeth, Richard, Harrison O., George, Jacob, Josephine, and one who died in infancy. Of these children Jacob is the only one now living. He was educated in the Shawneetown public schools and at the age of seventeen years went into the office of county clerk as a deputy. He served four years under James R. Loomis; four years under Joseph F. Nolen; was then two years with Mr. Nolen in the sheriff's office, and two years with S. M. Smith in the treasurer's office. Mr. Barger then removed with his family to the old homestead which his grandfather had entered, and which has ever since been in possession of the family, and there lived for about ten years, when he returned to Shawneetown. He still manages the farm of 204 acres, making frequent trips to it during the spring and summer seasons. Mr. Barger is a member of Lodge No. 838, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and No. 638, Knights of Pythias, and has gone through the chairs in both orders. For the past eight years he has been one of the aldermen of the city and may properly be called a man of affairs. Politically he is a Democrat, and comes from old Kentucky Democratic stock. He has been twice married. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 331 His first wife was Miss James Ella Parks, adaughterr of James S. and Adeline (Goodwin) Parks, of Shawneetown, though natives of Tennessee. To this marriage there were born two children : Louise, now deceased, and James S. Mrs. Barger died in 1896, and in January, 1898, he married his second wife, Miss Anna Lawler, a daughter of Thomas B. and Sally Lawler, and a niece of Gen. M. K. Lawler , No children have been born to this union. JAMES B. TURNER (deceased), late a resident of Equality, Ill., was born at Oswego, N. Y., Nov. 27, 1837. While still in his early boyhood his parents, Charles W. and Sally (Spencer) Turner, removed to Kenosha, Wis, where the mother died a few years later and James went to St. Louis to live with an elder brother, Dr. Carlos Turner. When he was about sixteen or seventeen years old he went to New Orleans on a flatboat and spent some months in visiting different places in the South. He then located at Elizabethtown, Ill., where he became interested in the study of law. After a preliminary course of reading he entered the law department of the Indiana State university at Bloomington in 1857. Two years later he completed his legal education and began practice in Shawneetown. Shortly after locating there he formed the acquaintance of Miss Eleanora, daughter of John D. Richeson, a prominent merchant of that city and about a year later they were married. He continued to practice in Shawneetown for ten or twelve years, when he removed to Mount Vernon, Ill. After four years there he went to Ewing, in Franklin county, and took charge of a large general store, a woolen mill and a flour mill. Here he organized the Farmers' bank and was president of it for some time. After a residence of sixteen years at Ewing he located at Equality, where he practiced law until his death in 1893. While living at Shawneetown he filled the position of city judge for one terra. Judge Turner and his wife had the following children : One who died unnamed in infancy ; John D. R., who now lives in Springfield, Mo. ; Spencer and Judith Mimms, both deceased; James B., Charles W., and Jesse M., all now living at Equality; Minnie T. ; Mary, who died in infancy: Albert R., also deceased, and Eugene Ambrose, now living at Niagara Falls, N. Y. The mother of 332 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY these children died in 1899. Charles W. Turner, the sixth child of the family, was born at Shawneetown, Dec. 13, 1869. While living at Ewing he attended the college there, after which he attended the Southern Illinois Normal school at Carbondale, and took a course in the Bryant & Stratton business college at St. Louis. After the death of his father, in 1893, he took charge, with his brother, John D. R., of the large mercantile establishment at Equality, and the farming interests of the estate. Upon the death of his mother, six years later, he was appointed executor of the estate. In 1900 he went to Grand Rapids and assumed the management of an aunt's business matters during the last years of her life. In the fall of 1903 he returned to Equality, where now resides. Mr. Turner has been successful as a business man. Just before going to Grand Rapids he built the Turner business block and opera house in Equality, which building he still owns. This marked his public spirit and enterprising disposition and shows that he is one of the progressive men of his town. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Modern Woodmen of America, and the Court of Honor, and both himself and wife belong to the Presbyterian church. Politically he is a Democrat, with Prohibition sympathies, though he never "dabbles" in politics. On Dec. 26, 1900, he was united in marriage to Miss Pet, daughter of George W. Moore, an old resident and prominent grain dealer of Equality. Mrs. Turner was born near Equality, Sept. 26, 1877. GEORGE W. MOORE, a grain and seed dealer of Equality, Ill., is of Scotch extraction, his ancestors belonging to the same family as Sir John Moore, the celebrated British general who was killed at the battle of Corunna, Jan. 16, 1809. George Moore, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born at the little village of Montgomery, Hamilton county, O., in 1799. While still in his boyhood he had the misfortune to lose his father by death, and he became the chef support of his widowed mother. Consequently his opportunities to acquire an education were very much restricted, yet by his own efforts he mastered the intricacies of the profession of civil engineer and surveyor, and followed that occupation for several MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 333 years upon arriving at manhood's estate. In 1845 he removed to Lawrenceburg, Ind., and in 1852 to Gallatin county, Ill., where he bought a farm three miles east of Equality. Here he passed the remainder of his life in farming and surveying. He died in 1863. His wife was a Miss Mary Ann Cross, a native of Kentucky, who survived him until 1884. They had six children, viz.: Ludwell G., who died in 1853; Dr. Thomas H., who died in Hopkins county, Ky., at the age of forty-four years; James and William, twins, now living in Gallatin county; Jennie, widow of C. C. Smith, of Equality; and George W., the subject of this sketch. George W. Moore was born Sept. 4, 1846, while his parents were living at Lawrenceburg. He was therefore but six years old when the family removed to Illinois. He grew to manhood in Gallatin county, received his education in the public schools there, and has lived all his life in the vicinity of Equality. Upon arriving at his majority he became a farmer and followed, that occupation until 1884. In 1886 he engaged in the grain and seed business, in which he has continued ever since. Mr. Moore has always taken an active interest in local public affairs, and he has served several terms as mayor of Equality. In 1870 he was married to Miss Martha, daughter of Owen Riley, an old citizen of Gallatin county, and to this union there have been born three children, two sons and a daughter: Marshall R. and Harry, the two boys, are partners in the drug business at Equality, and Pet is the wife of Charles W. Turner, a sketch of whose family appears elsewhere in this work. WINFIELD SCOTT PHILLIPS, lawyer and bark president, of Ridgway, Ill., is a native of Tennessee and a descendant of one of the old pioneer families of that state. Several generations have lived in Tennessee, though the family came originally from Virginia. Richard Newton Phillips, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was a man of considerable influence in his county. He was a large land owner and at the breaking out of the war possessed eight slaves. Notwithstanding this he was a pronounced opponent of secession and cheerfully gave his negroes their freedom. He died about 1878 or 1879. He married a Miss Margaret Poole and they had a family of six children: William, Samuel Poole, James B., John Milton, Sarah, and Eliza Word. The last named is the only survivor of the family and now lives at Shelbyville, Tenn. John Milton was a captain in one of the Union Tennessee regiments during the war, and afterward held the position of deputy internal revenue collector for some time. Subse- 334 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY quently he removed to Macon, Ga., and after living there awhile started for California. The last heard of him was when he was near Salt Lake City, and it is supposed that he met his death by foul play. James B. Phillips, the third son, was born in Rutherford county, Tenn., in 1819. He was given a good common school education and upon reaching manhood became a farmer, which occupation he followed through life, though he was a natural mechanic and did a great deal of work in the construction of cotton gins and wool carding machines. While still a young man he removed to Bedford county, Tenn. In politics he was a Whig, and during the life of the American party affiliated with that organization. When the war broke out he organized an independent company, and for about two years was engaged in drilling newly enlisted troops. In December, 1863, he removed with his family to Golconda. Ill., making the trip by way of the Cumberland and Ohio rivers on the Argonaut. He bought a farm six miles west of Golconda and lived there until 1884, when he removed to Creal Springs, in Williamson county, and farmed there until his death in November, 1897. He was twice married. His first wife was Miss Agnes Caroline Wise, a native of Monroe county, Miss., and a distant relative of Gov. John S. Wise, of Virginia. To this marriage there were born the following children: Radford Reedy, now living at Puxico, Mo. ; Virginia, wife of James A. Adams, of Southeastern Texas ; Clay and Epiminondas, both of whom died in infancy; Tennessee Belle and Campbell, also died young; Alice, wife of John F. Glass, of Marion, Ill.; Winfield Scott, the subject of this sketch ; William Monroe, now living at Chanute, Kan. ; and Melissa Ellen, wife of Robert M. Morrison, of Ridgway. The mother of these children died in January, 1864, and the father married Margaret Zerinda Crawford, of Pope county, Ill. To this union there were born five children, viz.: Eugene B., now at Morrell, Ark. ; Ida, died at the age of sixteen years; Horace Poole, died in childhood; Ethel, wife of Oscar Williams, of Marion, Ill. ; and Irene us, who died in infancy. The mother is still living and makes her home with her daughter Ethel. Winfield Scott Phillips was born at Normandy, Bedford county, Tenn., Jan. 20, 1854, and was about nine years old when his parents removed to Illinois. His mother died on his tenth birthday, and he went to live with an uncle, Samuel P. Phillips, in Pope county. Here he remained until his father remarried, when he returned to the parental roof. In the public schools he secured a good practical education, one of his teachers being James A. Rose, afterward secretary of state, of Illinois. When he was about twenty years MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 335 of age he began teaching and taught for six successive terms in Pope and Gallatin counties. While thus engaged he devoted his spare time to the study of law under Thomas H. Clark, of Golconda, and finished his studies with D. M. Kinsall, of Shawneetown. On July 8, 1880, he was admitted to the bar and at once opened an office in Ridgway, where he has continued in practice ever since. Mr. Phillips is prominently identified with the financial interests of Gallatin county, being president of the Gallatin County State bank, and the Exchange bank at Omaha. He is one of the active Republicans of the county, and in 1902 was the candidate for county judge. Although the Democratic majority for the state ticket that year was 620 in the county, Mr. Phillips was defeated by only 217. By appointment of Governor Yates he is one of the trustees of the Southern Illinois Normal school at Carbondale, and he is also a trustee of the James Milliken university at Decatur. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and both himself and wife belong to the Cumberland Presbyterian church, in which he holds the office of elder. On May 11, 1879, he was united in marriage to Miss Luella, daughter of Braxton Carter Parter, an old resident of the State of Illinois. To this union there have been born the following children : Sarah Agnes, wife of Otis C. Moore, of Ridgway, who was one of the Jefferson Guards during the St. Louis exposition William Braxton, cashier of the Exchange bank of Omaha ; Anna Alice and Clyde Winfield, at home. HARMON PINNELL BOZARTH, attorney at law and insurance underwriter, of Omaha, Ill., can trace the origin of his family in America to a French soldier of that name who came over with La Fayette and fought in the Revolution. After the war he received a grant of land in Virginia from the new government, and passed the remainder of his life in the country whose freedom he had helped to establish. He reared a large family of children, and one of his sons, Elihu Bozarth, crossed the mountains and located in Central Kentucky. There he entered a tract of land, became a well-to-do farmer and reared a family of children. Israel Bozarth, a son of Elihu, was born in Kentucky, received a common school education 336 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY there, and in 1815 came to Illinois, locating near the present village of Equality, in Gallatin county. He entered government land, cleared a farm and lived there for several years, after which he removed to Miller county, Mo., and died there. His wife was a Miss Wilson, also a native of Kentucky and a very successful physician. She had a large practice in Gallatin county and continued to practice after removing to Missouri. She died at the advanced age of eighty-seven, years, the mother of eight children : Bryant, Tilford, Stephen, Jonathan, Finis, Franklin, Mary and Nicinda, all now dead with the possible exception of Stephen and Mary, who, if living at all, reside somewhere in Missouri. Franklin P. Bozarth, the youngest son of the family, was born while they lived near Equality, and passed his whole life in Gallatin county. He received a limited education, entered land from the government, and became a farmer. At the age of thirty years he was stricken with total blindness, but notwithstanding this discouraging handicap he continued to manage his farm and between that time and the age of forty-seven, he had cleared 200 acres and accumulated considerable personal property. It was his greatest satisfaction at that age to know that he had not become a burden to his friends because of his misfortune, and that he did not owe a dollar in the world. He died in 1866, as he had lived, out of debt and with a large number of friends. About 1848 he was married to Lucretia, the daughter of Wiley Pinnell, an old settler of Saline county, Ill. Wiley Pinnell was born in Kentucky, his father having been a French soldier who fought under La Fayette. While still a young man he was married to Elizabeth Easley and located in Saline county, where they reared a family of children, viz.: Lucretia, Willis, William A., Gilbert, Greene, Juda, Harmon, Carlin, Nancy, Ambrose and Wesley. During the Mexican war Wiley Pinnell held the rank of captain in the American army, and at the commencement of the Civil war, although sixty-six years of age, offered his services to his country, passed a physical examination, was appointed sergeant and served for two and a half years. At the second battle of Atlanta he was overcome by the heat, was sent home to recover, but died a few months later. e was one of the few men in that great contest that came of a family three generations of which were on the firing line. Besides his own, enlistment he had four sons, Willis, Gilbert, Ambrose and Carlin, and two grandsons, John W. Bozarth and Carroll Pinnell, in the Union army. Truly, a remarkable military record ! Franklin P. Bozarth and his wife had a large family of children, only four of whom are now living; John. W. is a farmer in Missouri; Harmon P. is the subject of this sketch; Lucy is the MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 337 wife of William M. Davis, of East St. Louis, and Alice is the wife of R. M. Edwards, of Gallatin county. Harmon P. Bozarth was born on a farm near where he now lives, Feb. 2, 1852. As he grew up he worked on a farm during the summer months and attended the district schools in the winter time. He made good use of his time in school and at the age of thirteen could boast that he had "gone through" Ray's third book in arithmetic, which in that day was the height of mathematical ambition of the average school boy. Much of his early education was obtained by self-study. Frequently he could be seen taking a book to the field with him, in order that he might snatch a few moments study while his team was resting. At the age of seventeen he commenced teaching and for seventeen years taught in the common schools of Pope county. In 1872 he attended one term at Ewing college in Franklin county; spent one term in the Enfield high school the following year, and in 1875 attended the Southern Illinois Normal school at Carbondale. In 1881 a change was made in the county superintendent law, which left a year unprovided for and he was appointed by the board of education of Gallatin, county to fill the interim. This was done by a board of the opposite political faith to Mr. Bozarth, several members of the board expressing their belief that he was the best and most progressive teacher in the county. Mr. Bozarth continued to teach until 1886, having in the meantime taken up the study of law. In 1886 he retired to the farm, engaged in agricultural pursuits and in pursuing his legal studies until 1892, when he was admitted to the bar. It has been a maxim of Mr. Bozarth's life to do thoroughly whatever he undertakes. The judges who examined him for admission said afterward that he was one of the best informed men in the basic principles of law that they had ever examined. He at once began the practice of his profession at Omaha, in which he still continues. In addition to his law practice he has a large fire insurance business, and he has always taken an interest in public affairs. In 1890 he was the census enumerator for Omaha, and for two terms held the office of justice of the peace. At the beginning of the Spanish-American war he raised a company, of which he was commissioned captain, but the war closed before it could be mustered into service. Mr. Bozarth owns a fine fruit farm in White county, a fine residence and other property in Omaha. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Court of Honor, the Loyal Americans, and belongs to the Methodist church. Mrs. Bozarth is a Presbyterian. He was married on April 9, 1874, to II-22 338 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY Miss Sarah M. Wolfe, the youngest daughter of Dr. A. A. Wolfe, of Hamilton county, and today they have the following children: John A., a freight conductor, living at El Paso, Texas; Charles Edwin, at home; William Franklin, who enlisted May 31, 1901, in Company A, Twenty-eighth United States infantry, was mustered at Vancouver barracks in the State of Washington, sailed for the Philippines in November, served there a little over two years, being present at the capture of General Melvar, was made corporal for bravery in action, and was the youngest noncommissioned officer in the regiment. He is now at home. The others are Fred D., Minnie May, Pearl, Lillian and George, all at home. JAMES M. BEAN, a well known farmer of Gallatin county, Ill., living near the town of Ridgway, is a descendant of one of the pioneer settlers of that locality. His grandfather, Jonathan Bean, was born in the State of Tennessee, but in the spring of 1832 came with his family to Gallatin county, where he bought land and followed farming the remainder of his life, living to an advanced age. He married Catherine Skeef, a native of Tennessee, and they were the parents of the following children: William, Henry, John, James, Nancy, and Elizabeth, all now deceased. Henry Bean, the second of the family, was born in Tennessee in 1809, and was therefore twenty-three years of age when his parents removed to Illinois. He became a farmer and at the time of his death in 1852 was the largest land owner in Gallatin county. His wife was a Miss Margaret Hise, a native of Tennessee, and a daughter of Jacob Hise, who removed from South Carolina to Tennessee and later to Illinois, where he died at the age of 103 years and six months. His wife, who was of German extraction, lived to be 101 years and six months old. Henry and Margaret Bean were the parents of ten children, viz.: Jacob, Turana, James M., Catherine, Jane, Jasper, Elizabeth, George, Margaret, and Henry. James M. is the subject of this sketch; Jasper died in the army during the war; Margaret is the wife of George Dillard, of Gallatin county; Henry lives in Ridgway; and the others are deceased. James M. Bean was born near Ridgway, April 1o, 1832, and has passed his whole life in Gallatin county. He received a good common school education and upon reaching manhood became a farmer, in which occupation he has ever since continued, being regarded as one of the progressive farmers of the county. On Aug. 13, 1862, he enlisted as a private in Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-first Illinois infantry, and served with that command until Nov. 15, 1863, when he was transferred MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 339 to Company C, Twenty-ninth Illinois infantry, where he remained until the close of the war. He was in the siege of Vicksburg, the engagement at Arkansas Post, and in numerous minor skirmishes. After the war he returned home and again took up the duties of farm life, in which he has continued ever since. Mr. Bean has been a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church ever since he was fifteen years of age, and his entire life has been consistent with the teachings of his religious faith. He was married in 1854 to Miss Mary, daughter of James Glass, an old resident of Gallatin county. She died on July 15, 1893, the mother of nine children, viz.: Monroe, now living in Gallatin county; Nazarene, wife of Elijah Nelson, of Kansas; Jerome, a resident of Ridgway; Josephine, wife of Harvey Hemphill, of Enfield, Ill.; Sherman, living in Gallatin county; Fasting Ellen, wife of Jacob Willis, of Ridgway; Logan Grant and Belle, deceased, and Susan Catherine, wife of William Hatfield, of Ridgway. ROBERT MONROE RUDOLPH, a prominent grain dealer and president of the town board of Omaha, Ill., is of German lineage. The origin of the family in this country is traced back to one Peter Rudolph, who came from the Fatherland just before the Revolutionary war and settled in North Carolina. When the contest for independence was commenced he cast in his lot with the patriots and was murdered by some of his Tory neighbors. About the year 1800 one of his descendants, Joseph Rudolph, left North Carolina and located near Clarksville, Tenn. There he followed farming until 1823, when he removed with his family to Illinois and settled in White county, where he continued to farm until his death about 1855. He was considered a man of more than average intelligence and was an influential citizen in his community. Before leaving North Carolina he was married to Miss Rachel Lowe, to which union eleven children were born; Peter, David, Margaret, Elizabeth, John, Phoebe, Jane, Andrew, Robert, Frederick and Sarah. All are now deceased. Frederick Lowe Rudolph, the tenth child of the family, was born at Clarksville in 1821, and was therefore but two years old when his parents located on a farm in White county, a few miles northeast of Carmi. There he grew to manhood, received a good common school education and passed his entire life on, a farm a few miles from his father's old homestead, dying in 1889. Farming and stock raising was his occupation and he was looked upon as a model farmer and good business man. At the commencement of the Civil war he enlisted in Company K, Eighty-seventh Illinois infantry, and was elected captain of the company, but the seri- 340 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY ous illness of his wife compelled him to resign his commission. He was married about 1844 to Elizabeth Graham, a native of White county, and they had the following children : Sarepta, George, Robert, Ella, one who died in infancy, Daniel, Benjamin, Harlan, Thompson and Jacob. Sarepta, George and Harlan are deceased; Robert is the subject of this sketch; Ella is the wife of Horace Cleveland and lives at Ridgway, Ill. ; Daniel lives on a farm in White county ; Thompson is postmaster at Thomaston, Ga., and Jacob is a merchant and grain dealer at Crossville, Ill. The parents died within a week of each other in 1899. Robert M. Rudolph, the oldest living child of Frederick L. and Elizabeth Rudolph, was born in White county, Sept. 4, 1849, and there grew to manhood, receiving a good common school education in the public schools. Upon arriving at his majority he became a farmer and followed that occupation for about ten years, after which he was for five years engaged in the manufacture of brick and tile at Crossville. In 1885 he removed to Gallatin county, where he engaged in farming and dealing in grain at Omaha until 1889, since which time he has given all his attention to the grain business. While living in White county he was elected to various local offices, and for some time has held the position of president of the Omaha town board. For ten years he taught school during the winter months. Mr. Rudolph is a member of the Free and Accepted Masons and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and both himself and wife belong to the Methodist Episcopal church. He was married in 187o to Miss Anna Dickens, a native of White county, Ill., and to this union therehave been born ten children. Charles Dickens died at the age of seventeen years ; Frederick L. and Harold L. both live at Crossville; Amy is the wife of Otis Bruce, of Gallatin county ; Nellie is the wife of Thomas Bruce, of Harrisburg, Ill.: Mark is at Los Angeles, Cal;; Robert M., Jr., Jessie, Laura and Hubert are at home. DR. JUDSON E. STRONG, an eminent homeopathic physician, of Cairo, Ill., is a native of Ohio, having been born in the city of Cleveland Nov. 27, 1854. He is a son of A. C. and Harriet M. (Pelton) Strong, both natives of the Buckeye state. On the paternal side Dr. Strong is of Scotch descent, the first of the family in America being John Strong, who came from Scotland in Colonial days. Charles F. Strong, a cousin of Dr.Strong's father, served as mayor of Cleveland some time in the later seventies. Thomas J. Strong, the grandfather of the doctor, was a native of Connecticut, but came to Oho, settled near Cleveland, and there followed farming all his life. A. C. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 341 Strong was a Republican in his day, and with his wife belonged to the Baptist church. Both are now deceased. They had two children, Edgar C., who died at the age of twelve years, and Judson E. Dr. Strong received a high school education in his native city, after which he attended the Western Reserve college at Hudson, Ohio. In 1878 he went into the office of Dr. George F. Turreil and commenced the study of medicine, and in 880o graduated from the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical college. He began practice at Clinton, Mich., but soon removed to Hillsdale, in that state, and remained there until January, 1883, when he came to Cairo, where he has built up a lucrative practice. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and in political matters is a Republican.. Dr. Strong has been twice married. In June, 1879, he was married to Miss Emma E. Healy, an adopted daughter of Daniel Fish, of Hudson, Mich., and to this marriage there were born, two children: Mabel, Mrs. G. F. Yeagley, of Chicago, and Florence E., an expert stenographer in that city. Mrs. Strong died in March, 1882, and on March 9, 1887, he was married at Olney, Ill., to :Miss Julia, daughter of Richard and Harriet Nall, of Olney, Ill., her father being a Methodist minister. To this second marriage there have been born the following children : Eugene, Alice, Margaret, and Julia, all at home with their parents. WILLIAM C. CLARKE, M.D., physician and surgeon of Cairo, Ill., was born at Momence in that state, July 28, 1865, being the third in a family of five children born to Dr. M. O. and Martha (Williams) Clarke, the former a native of New York and the latter of Kentucky. Dr. M. O. Clarke was eminent in the profession and before leaving Yew York was for several years in partnership with the celebrated Dr. Lester Sprague. Dr. W. C. Clarke spent four years at St. Viateur's college at Bourbonnais, Ill. ; two years at Grand Prairie seminary, at Onarga, and in 1894 graduated with high standing from Rush Medical college of Chicago. After one year's hospital service in Chicago he located at Cairo, where he rapidly built up a magnificent practice. As a surgeon he is recognized as being one of the best in Southern Illinois, being a student under the celebrated surgeon, Dr. A. J. Oschner, of Chicago. He has doubtless inherited his father's 342 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY ability and being a close student of everything pertaining to his profession he has kept fully abreast of the progress of the science of medicine. Doctor Clarke is a member of the American, the Illinois State, and the Southern Illinois Medical associations, and the medical society of Alexander county. In 1898 he was united in marriage to Miss Jessie Lincoln, of omencee, Ill., and to this union there have been born two children, Martha and William C. Jr. Politically he is a Republican. FELIX GRUNDY BLACKARD, a retired farmer, living near the town of Omaha, Gallatin county, Ill., is a descendant of Scotch-Irish stock. A little while before the commencement of the Revolutionary war two brothers left Scotland for America, having previously left Ireland to escape political persecution. Upon their arrival in this country they located in South Carolina, where they were married and where the descendants of one of them are still to be found. The other brother removed to Virginia and subsequently to Tennessee, where a large number of his descendants still reside. Some time in the twenties five of these descendants, brothers, named Wlliam, Spivey, Jabe, Thomas and Joshua, came to Illinois and located near where the boundary line between White and Gallatin counties now runs. There each of them entered government land and followed farming. Several of their descendants still live in that section. William Blackard, one of the above named brothers, was born about the year 1800. Consequently he was still a young man when he came to Illinois. With the exception of a few years in Lebanon, Ill., all his life after coming to the state was passed in White or Gallatin county. His death occurred about 1874. In his day he was one of the leading citizens of his locality and was generally respected by his acquaintances. He was twice married, first to Miss Jemima Trousdale, one of an old Illinois family, and to this union were born the following children : Felix G., the subject of this sketch ; Margaret, widow of James Armstrong and now living at Omaha ; Thomas and Sarah, who died in childhood ; Alexander, who cued in early manhood ; Abner McCord, now of tt. Carmel, Ill., and Alfred Benton, who died at Garden City, Kan. The second marriage was to Miss Teresa Armstrong, of Gallatin, county, and to this marriage were born the following children: Three that died in infancy ; ;Margie Ann, also deceased; Josephine, widow of Edwin Foster, of Herrin, Ill. ; Franklin L., living in Tennessee; Mary, widow of Thomas Coats, living in Missouri, and Nancy, deceased. The first wife died about 1843, and the second died MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 343 at Herrin in 1903. Felix Grundy Blackard, the eldest child by the first wife, was born in White county, Sept. i6, 1830. He received such an education as the common schools of that day afforded, and by reading and self-study he has added to that until he is one of the well informed men of his section. Upon reaching manhood he became a farmer, which occupation he followed all through his active life. In his earlier nears he was noted for his talent for music and taught singing schools over a large part of Southern Illinois, being the first teacher of music to introduce the "round note system" in that part of the country. Mr. Blackard has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Sarah Gott, of Gallatin county. Her children were Sarah Catherine and Martha, who died in childhood; and Solon Douglas, who died in 1881. The second marriage was to Mrs. Harriet A. Oliver, nee Pearce, a daughter of James Pearce of White county. Ten children have been born to this second marriage. Herman Madden lives at Omaha; Mamie Ann married Edward Moore and died in 1889; William J. is superintendent of the Gallatin county schools; John C. is in Omaha; Nellie and Edwin died in childhood; May is at home; Ethel died in infancy; Alma married Charles C. Green, and died in January, 1904, and Lou is at home, a teacher in the public schools. JAMES CYRIL SULLIVAN, M.D., a well known physician of Cairo, Ill., was born at Weston on the Humber, York county, Ontario, Dec. 17, 1844, his parents being John L. and Hannah (Warren) Sullivan. In 1867-68 he took his first course of medical lectures in college at St. Louis. In 1871 he entered the University of Louisville and received the degree of M.D. from that institution on February 29th, of the following year. Since that time he has been in continuous practice at Cairo, where he has built up a lucrative business and has accumulated considerable property. Doctor Sullivan belongs to the American, State, District and County Medical associations, in the work of which he takes an active part, having read papers on some phase of medical practice before meetings of all. At the present time he is a member of the Illinois State board of health. In addition to his profession he is deeply interested in astronomy, and in 1892 published a text book on the subject called "Celestial Physics." 344 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY On Sept. 11, 1883, Doctor Sullivan was married to Miss Hannah, daughter of Patrick and Ellen Smith, old residents of Cairo, and to this union there has been born one son, James Albert. He was born Nov. 7, 1884, graduated from the Cairo high school, and is now a student in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of St. Louis. Politically Doctor Sullivan is a Republican. In religious matters he has followed in the footsteps of his parents, who were Catholics, though his mother's people belonged to the Episcopal church. He also belongs to the Catholic Knights of America. ALPHEUS ALONZO BONDURANT, M.D., one of the leading physicians of Cairo, Ill., and a specialist in diseases of the eye and ear, is of French descent, his great-grandfather, Benjamin Bondurant, coming from that country to America before the Revolutionary war. He first located in Virginia, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits, but later removed to Tennessee. One of his sons, Robert Alfred, married in Tennessee and went to Kentucky after reaching middle life, where he passed the remainder of his days. His son, John S., was born in Tennessee, not far from Dresden, married Julia Edmiston, a native of that state, went with his father to Kentucky and there followed farming all his life. In his lifetime he was an ardent Democrat, a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, and with his wife belonged to the Baptist church. She is still living in Fulton county, Ky. Dr. Bondurant is the second of nine children born to John S. and Julia Bondurant, five of whom are still living. He was born in Fulton county, Ky., and acquired his education in the common schools and the Fulton high school. In 1872 he went into the office of Dr. Charles W. Miles, at Jordan, Ky., and commenced the study of medicine. During the years 1873-74 he attended the medical department of the university of Louisville, and in 1875 graduated from the Bellevue Hospital Medical college of New York. He located at Charleston, Mo., and practiced there until 1892, when he came to Cairo, having first taken a special course in the New York Eye and Ear infirmary, of which class of diseases he makes a specialty, though he has a large general practice. Dr. Bondurant is a member of the American and MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 345 the Illinois State Medical associations; the Medical society of Alexander county, and was one of the charter members of the Southeast Missouri Medical association, of which he served as president the first year of its existence. In addition to his professional interests he is a member of the McKnight-Keaton Grocery Company. He is a Democrat in his political views, though not an active politician; is a Knight Templar Mason, and with his family belongs to the Baptist church. On Sept. 8, 1875, he was married to Miss Mary J. Baker, of Charleston. The children born to this marriage are: Levie, wife of C. L. Keaton, Jr. ; Eunice, now secretary of the McKnight-Keaton company; Earl, wife of J. W. Bradford, of Union county, Tenn. ; Flint, attending the Northwestern university ; Vela, Alonzo, David S.., and Iona, at home ; and one who died in infancy. Levie and Eunice are graduates of Stephens Female college, Columbia, Mo. Dr. Bondurant and his family live in one of the handsomest residences in Cairo, and are identified with the social life of the city. As a physician he enjoys the confidence of his patrons and the respect of the profession, and as a man he stands high in the community as a progressive, patriotic and law abiding citizen. REV. JAMES GILLEN. It is a pleasure to the biographer to head this sketch with the name of the priest who is in every sense worthy of the distinction afforded by honorable mention among the notable citizens of Cairo. Both of the flourishing Catholic churches there have been fortunate in having him for their pastor, as he was first located at St. Patrick's parish, and is at present the rector of St. Joseph's. Among the people of the community in general, as well as the parishioners, he is justly considered as a gentleman of large resources and unquestioned ability. To his efforts may be attributed the success which has come to the church in recent years. and he is at present engaged in erecting a parochial school which when completed will be a magnificent edifice, one of the most modern and up-to-date structures of its kind in the State of Illinois. This fine Gothic school building is conveniently situated near the church and residence, and will for many years to come be a credit to the educational advantages of the city. Rev. Father Gillen was born in Heisterberg, Feb. 23, 1861. His parents, John and Frances (Gross) Gillen, natives of Germany, emigrated to America in 1875 and settled near Toledo, 0., where they still make their home. The subject of this sketch received the rudiments of his education in the parochial schools of his native place, and afterward entered St. Joseph's college at Cleveland, O., 346 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY where he remained five years. His literary training was subsequently continued at Teutopolis, Ill., where he improved his excellent educational advantages to their fullest extent. On the completion of his studies at Teutopolis he took a philosophical course of two years at Montreal, Canada, and afterward went to Europe, commencing the study of theology at the North American college at Rome, where he graduated with high honors after a brilliant career of four years. Upon his return to the United States, he was ordained to the priesthood at St. Francis., Wis., May 9, 1886, and on the 14th of the following month accepted the pastorate of St. Joseph's church at Lebanon. It was at this place that Father Gillen's executive ability so largely displayed itself, where, with about sixty-five families, he erected a beautiful church at a cost of $15,000. Fresh labors were thrust upon the young and zealous priest when he was transferred to Waterloo. After gaining the esteem and love of the entire community there, he was sent to Prairie du Rocker, where the people were for two years favored and encouraged by his presence and example. Three years ago he became stationed in the city of Cairo, the past year of which has been spent as pastor of St. Joseph's parish. This parish is among the largest and best in. the diocese of Belleville, and is constantly in- creasing in importance and in the number of its communicants. Besides the 250 pupils on, its school roll, there is also located in the parish St. Mary's infirmary, to which all classes of citizens are hastened for the relief of their bodily ailments, and which is unanimously acknowledged to be an institution of which Catholics and non-Catholics are equally proud. Father Gillen is a very popular priest, a man of education and great energy, and to his untiring efforts is to be credited the fact that his congregation enjoys a steady numerical growth. He has devoted himself persistently to the task of raising the money necessary for the erection of the new $15,000 school, and his efforts have been rewarded with success. Although he speaks and is master of seven languages, personally he is one of the most modest and unassuming of men. He is of a kindly, pleasant address and sociable disposition. He is not only a priest among priests, but a man, among men. As a public speaker, he is earnest, ready, and fascinating because of the ever present touch of human kindness in his tone and manner. He has labored not for his own temporal advancement, but for the highest spiritual welfare of his parishioners, and it is not strange, therefore, that he is esteemed by each one as a personal friend. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 347 McKNIGHT-KEATON GROCERY COMPANY, of Cairo, Ill., wholesale dealers in groceries, fruits and produce, was organized and incorporated on Aug. 1, 1901, with a capital stock of $35,000. The company occupies a building 50 x 175 feet, four stories in height, that was erected especially for hr accommodation, at the corner of Fourth and Ohio streets. Four salesmen, are employed on the road, the trade extending to Southeastern Missouri, Northeastern Arkansas, Southern Illinois, and Western Kentucky and Tennessee. The officers of the company are C. L. Keaton, president and treasurer; W. A. McKnight, vice-president; E. Bondurant, secretary. Though one of the youngest mercantile establishments of Cairo it is one of the most up-to-date concerns of its kind in the Lower Ohio valley. by modern methods of advertising it has come prominently into notice, with the result that its trade is constantly on the increase, and new territory is being added to its already large field. Clarence L. Keaton, president of the company, was born at Bloomfield, Mo., March 27, 1874, his parents being C. L. and Sallie E. Keaton, natives of Carroll county, Tenn. His father is an attorney, now located at Dexter, Mo. After a common school education in the schools of Bloomfield Mr. Keaton came to Cairo in 1891, and for about ten years was employed by the New York store as a clerk and traveling salesman. When the McKnight-Keaton company was organized he was elected president and treasurer and has held these offices ever since. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, the Commercial Travelers' organization and the Baptist church, to which his wife also belongs, and in politics is a Democrat. He was married on. Dec. 27, 1899, to Miss Levie Bondurant (see sketch of Dr. A. A. Bondurant), and to this union there have been born two children, Fern Bondurant and Clarence Alonzo. W. A. McKnight, vice-president, was born Jan. 2, 1865, at Porterfield, Tenn., where his father, A. G. McKnight, is a prominent stock raiser. After attending Burritt college, Spencer, Tenn., he engaged in the retail grocery business in connection with Hodge, Smith & Co., of Murfreesboro, with whom he remained for eight years. He then went to Waxahachie, Tex., and traveled for a wholesale grocery house there for two years, after which he was with F. Smith & Son, of St. Louis, until 1901, when he became one of the organizers of the company of which he is now vice-president. Mr. McKnight is a Democrat, a member of Ascalon Lodge, No. 51, Knights of Pythias, of Cairo, and belongs to the Royal Arcanum at Murfreesboro, urfreesboro, Tenn On Dec. 19, 1900, he was united in marriage to Miss Edna Tucker, 348 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY of Tucker, Ark., and they have one son, W. A., Jr., now in his fourth year. Mr. and Mrs. McKnight belong to the Presbyterian church, and are prominent in the social life of Cairo. NEW YORK STORE MERCANTILE COMPANY, of Cairo. Ill., was first started in 1862, under the firm name of C. O. Patier & Co. In 1883 it was incorporated as the New York Store Company, and in 1891 was reincorporated under its present name, with a capital stock of $30,000. The officers at the present time are Charles E. Hessian, president ; Charles O. Patier, vice-president ; John B. Greaney, secretary and treasurer. The company handles all kinds of merchandise ; occupies a building at the corner of Commercial avenue and Nineteenth street 100 x 125 feet, two stories high; one on the opposite side of the street 125 x 160 feet ; covers territory in Tennessee, Arkansas, Missouri, Kentucky and Illinois, and keeps four men constantly on the road as salesmen. Charles E. Hessian. president of the company, was born at Mound City, Ill., Jan. 24, 186;, his parents being Timothy and Winifred Hessian, natives of Ireland. Timothy Hessian was a railroad man, and both himself and wife are now deceased. Of their seven children but two are now living: the subject of this sketch and Katherine, now a Mrs. Curran, of St. Louis. Charles F. Hessian came to Cairo in 1866, and entered the employ of the New York store as a cash boy Oct. 18, 1881. After two years in this capacity he was promoted to a clerkship, and in 1888 became a stockholder in the company. In June, 1891, he was made secretary; was elected vice-president in January, 1896, and since January, 1902, has been president of the company. Mr. Hessian and the business have thus grown up together, and with the growth of the company he has assumed new responsibilities, yet has never been found wanting in any of the essentials of the successful merchant and manager of a large business enterprise. The Cairo Bulletin recently said of him: "No man in the city occupies a more enviable position in, the business and social circles than does he, and no man in the city is more worthy of the general esteem and confidence in which he is held by our people." Upon, the death of Captain Patier. the founder of the MEMOIRS OF TILE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 349 business, Mr. Hessian was made one of the executors of the estate, an office he filled with signal ability and fidelity. He was married in April, 1892, to Miss Cecilia, daughter of James and Mary Greaney, of Cairo, and to this marriage there have been born the following children : William, died in infancy ; Edwin Patier ; Harold ; Clarence, died at the age of three and a half years; Ralph; LeRoy, and Rose Mary. Mr. Hessian is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and is a Democrat in his political affiliations. He and his family occupy a handsome residence on Twenty-first street, and he and his wife belong to the Catholic church. JOHN H. ROBINSON, of Cairo, Ill., prominent in real estate circles and now city judge, was born in Chillicothe, O., May 31, 1833, his parents being John J. and Katie (Hutt) Robinson, both natives of Virginia. His grandfather, Thomas Robinson, came from Scotland when he was a young man, located in Virginia, aid there passed his whole life. John J. Robinson learned the trade of baker, and after going to Chillicothe served for years as justice of the peace. In 1875 he removed to Springfield, Mo., where he died, a Republican in his political faith and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. On the maternal side Judge Robinson is of English descent. His grandfather, Girard Hutt, came from England in the Colonial days and settled on the banks of the Potomac in Westmoreland county, Va. During the Revolutionary war he was driven from his home by Lord Cornwallis, who used his residence as headquarters. He had a brother who was a member of the British Parliament. His son, John Hutt, the father of Judge Robinson's mother, was born Sept. 5, 1763. He enlisted in the American army at the age of fifteen years and served under General Nelson until the close of the war, being present at the siege and surrender of Yorktown. In a number of engagements he fought under Washington. was promoted to sergeant when only