100 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY historian. John C. and Sallie S. Greene had six children. Joseph learned the trade of blacksmith, served in the Mexican war under General Breckenridge, and was first lieutenant in Company A, Twenty-third Kentucky infantry, in the Civil war. He died in 1876, in the fiftieth year of his age. He never married, and at the time of his death was living with his brother, William, near Dillsboro. Martha is now living in Kansas City, Mo., as the widow of John T. Ross; Elizabeth married Louis Clinkenbeard, and died in February,1900; George M. was wounded at the battle of Stone River and died about two weeks later at Nashville, Tenn. He was in the same company as his brother, Joseph. John died at the age of nine years. William H. Greene was born on a farm in Boone county, Ky., Feb. 27, 1833, and is next to the youngest child of the family. His entire life has been spent on the farm, much of his time in later years being devoted to stock raising. In 1864 his brother, Joseph, was appointed deputy provost marshal for Boone county. At that time feeling ran high in that section of Kentucky, and in the discharge of his duties he aroused the enmity of some of the citizens who were opposed to the war. This led William to come to Indiana, and in December of that year he located on the farm where he now lives, his brother Joseph coming with him. Mr. Greene has been a member of the Patrons of Husbandry ever since the order was founded. Before the war he was a Whig, in 1868 he voted for General Grant, and since that time he has affiliated with the Democratic party. He never held an elective office, but when the law was passed creating the county council he was appointed a member of that body in Dearborn county to serve until the next regular election, his appointment being asked by members of all political parties. Although his early education was somewhat limited he has been a great reader and keeps well informed as to the world's progress. On Nov. 10, 1858, Mr. Greene was married to Miss Susan Durham, a daughter of John and Mary (Field) Durham, both natives of Kentucky, the former of Perryville and the latter of Danville, though later they lived in Montgomery county, Ind. Their children were Henry C., who died in May, 1903; John, now a resident of Hendricks county, Ind., where he has a large farm. He has two sons in Indianapolis, one an attorney and the other a physician. Mary F., now Mrs. G. H. Adams, of Junction City, Kan.; James W., a farmer, near Council Bluffs, Ia. Mrs. Greene is the third child of the family. Her mother died in 1846, and her father married Sarah Stubbins, of Kentucky, and to this marriage were born eight children. Mr. and Mrs. Greene have four children: Joseph was born Sept. 10, 1863, MEMOIRS. OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 101 before his parents came to Indiana. He attended the Aurora high school, graduated from the normal department of Aloore's Hill college, and for eleven years taught in the common schools. He is now the electrician for the Southeastern Indiana Telephone Company and one of the stockholders in the Dillsboro Natural Gas Company that recently found gas near his father's farm. He lives at home with his parents. Minnie N. was born Sept. io, 1865. She is now Mrs. Hansel E. Gray of Brace, Tenn., where her husband is a planter. Sallie Stowe was born Aug. 28, 1871, and lives at home. Harry D. was born Oct. 1, 1874. He attended the Northern Indiana Normal college for three years, and one term at Moore's Hill college. Since leaving school he has been engaged in teaching. He also lives with his parents. Mr. Greene owns a well improved farm of 155 acres and is recognized as one of the most progressive farmers of Dearborn county. JAMES POE COULTER, one of the leading merchants of Aurora, Ind., was born in the city of Philadelphia, May 29, 1835. He is a son of James and Jane (Moore) Coulter, both natives of County Tyrone, Ireland, but came to America shortly after their marriage. They first settled in Philadelphia but when James was about three years old the family removed to Columbiana county, Ohio, where the father died. Upon leaving school Mr. Coulter worked for some time at general carpenter work and then found employment as a bridge builder for the C. & A. Railroad Company. His industry and regular habits commended him to the company's officials and he was called to take charge of a division, a position he held for several years. Leaving this company he went into the car works at Bloomington, Ill., where he remained for ten years, the last six of which he was assistant foreman of the shops. In 1872 he was appointed master car builder for the Springfield division of the B. & O. S. W., holding that position for about four years, when he was made superintendent of the car department of the same company with headquarters at Aurora. Twelve years later he resigned the place and went into the dry goods business, and for the last nine years has been one of the most prominent merchants of Aurora. It has been a rule of his life to do whatever came in his way to the best of his 102 - MEMOIRS OF TILE LOWER OHIO VALLEY ability. His promotions in the railroad service and his success as a merchant are unquestionably due to this trait of character. In 1855 he was married to Catherine Ann Roan, daughter of John and Catherine Roan, of Stark county, Ohio. To this union were born five children, two dying in infancy. Mrs. Coulter died in igoo, leaving a husband and three slaughters. He married Ella Cadwell, of Aurora, in June, 1901, and has two children by his second marriage. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and is prominent in Masonic circles, being a member of Aurora Lodge No. 51; Royal Arch Chapter No. 13 ; Aurora Commandcry No. 17, Knights Templars ; Indianapolis Consistory, Scottish Rite, in which he holds the thirty-second degree; and the Supreme Council, where he has received the thirty-third degree, the highest in the order. CHARLES H. CONAWAY, attorney at law, Dillsboro, Incl., was born in Dearborn county, Ind., March 28, 1864. He is a son of Hamilton and Elizabeth (Harper) Conaway. Hamilton Conaway came with his father from Virginia, the family being among the pioneers of Dearborn county. He was a lawyer by profession, beginning practice as early as 1838, and served three terms as trustee of Clay township. His death occurred on March 17, 1899. Charles H. Conaway was educated in the public schools of Dearborn county and then took up the study of law with his father. When the latter retired the son succeeded to the practice, having been admitted to the bar in 1884, and since 1887 he has been in active practice, making his headquarters at Dillsboro. In 1902 he was elected to the lower house of the legislature, as the joint representative of Dearborn and Ohio counties, for a term of two years. Mr. Conaway is a modest, unassuming gentleman who devotes most of his time to his business or in quiet social intercourse with his friends. He is one of the charter members of Dillsboro Lodge No. 333, Knights of Pythias, the only society in which he claims membership. In 1890 Mr. Conaway was married to Miss Annie B. Weaver, daughter of Joseph Weaver, one of the old residents of the county. They have one son, Carl C. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 103 JOHN W. GRIMES, a farmer near Dillsboro, Ind., is a native of the Hoosier state, having been born in Ripley county, Oct. 18, 1832. His parents were John and Mary (McDaniel) Grimes, both natives of Nicholas county, Ky. They came to Indiana during the territorial days, traveling on horseback, and settled in what is now Ripley county. Of their nine children Thomas was the only one born in Kentucky and was a mere babe at the time the family crossed the Ohio. He was a farmer and Free-will Baptist minister and lived to be more than seventy years of age. Rachel married Jacob Green, a carpenter of Ripley county. Henry passed his whole life as a Ripley county farmer. James was also a farmer in the same county. His death occurred in 1903. Elizabeth married Thornton Rogers, a farmer and bricklayer. Both she and her husband are deceased. Joseph Grimes was a farmer in Ripley county, and died in 1880. John W. is the seventh and only surviving member of the family. Samuel followed the occupation of farming and teaching during the winter months. A few years ago he went to Kansas, where his death occurred in 1902. Mary A. died at the age of sixteen years. Mr. Grimes' paternal grandparents were natives of Ireland. His grandfather came to this country in childhood, fought in the Revolutionary war, and afterward immigrated to Kentucky. He died in Ripley county, Incl. But little can be learned of his relatives in Ireland. The maternal grandparents of Mr. Grimes, Joseph and Rachel McDaniel, were of Scotch descent. Their early lives were passed in Maryland, but after their marriage they came by boat down the Kanawha and Ohio rivers and settled at Maysville, Ky. Joseph McDaniel was a soldier in the Revolution and was engaged in numerous skirmishes with the Indians. Hecame to Indiana and died at the age of ninety-seven years. Mr. Grimes' great-grandfather McDaniel was captured by a band of Indians and was killed while running the gauntlet. Mr. Grimes' father fought with Gen. W. H. Harrison in the war of 1812, and when nearly seventy-five years old received a land! warrant for his services. He and his wife each lived to be eighty years of age. The opportunities to secure an education were very meager in the days of Mr. Grimes' boyhood. He had to assist in the support of the family, but by self-study and reading he has managed to acquire 104 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY a practical education. He has been a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows for over fifty years, joining the order while living at Elrod in Ripley county, though he now belongs to Chapman Lodge, No. 78, of Dillsboro. He has passed through the chairs and has represented his lodge in the Grand Lodge. Mr. Grimes has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Jeannette Hartley, whose parents were natives of Kentucky. One child, Francisco, was born to this marriage, but it died at a tender age. His first wife died in 1852, and two years later he was married to Miss Nancy J. Hartley, a cousin to his first wife. To them five children have been born. Clark died at the age of six years. Jeannette and Eva were twins. The former died at the age of three years, and the latter is living at home with her parents. Walter attended Moore's Hill college, where he studied for the ministry. He is at this time about forty years of age, is a member of the Indiana Methodist Episcopal conference, and is located at Utica, in Clark county. He married Miss Ada Lenover of Dillsboro. Ella, the youngest of the family, is at home. Mr. and Mrs. Grimes and all their children are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. HENRY BULTHAUP, president of the State bank, Dillsboro, Ind., was born in the city of Cincinnati, Feb. 22, 1845. His parents were Rudolph and Louisa (Westmire) Bulthaup, both natives of Germany. While still a young man Rudolph Bulthaup, with three of his wife's brothers, came to Dearborn county, bought a tract of land in Cesar Creek township, and there lived for a number of years. Subsequently he bought another farm, which is now the property of the subject of this sketch, who has been a farmer even since he was old enough to work for himself. Henry Bulthaup has been interested in a number of business enterprises, however, besides his farming interests. When the Dillsboro State bank was organized in 1901 he was elected president, which office he has since held, and under his management the bank has attained a marked degree of success and usefulness. In politics he is a Democrat and has several times been elected to office, his personal popularity bringing him numerous votes from the opposing party. He has filled the offices of township trustee, township asesssor, and MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 105 county commissioner with signal ability and fidelity. In 1892 he was elected sheriff of the county and two years later was re-elected, each time leading the ticket. Mr. Bulthaup is a member and past master of Hopeville Lodge No. 80, Free and Accepted Masons, and of the Bear Creek Baptist church, located at Friendship in Ripley county. In 1870 Miss Margaret Connell, daughter of Joseph Connell, one of the oldest settlers in the county, became Mrs. Henry Bulthaup. They have one daughter, Luella. WILLIAM C. WULBER, cashier of the First National bank, Dillsboro, Ind., is a native of Dearborn county, having been born in Cesar Creek township, Jan.6, 1847. His parents, John Frederick and Louise (Ellerman) Wulber, were natives of Germany but were married at Cincinnati. In 1845 they removed to Dearborn county, where the father engaged in farming until his death, March 16, 1880. His wife survived until Dec. 1, 1894, when she, too, passed away. William C. Wulber received his education in the public schools and at Moore's Hill college. Since leaving college he has been prominently identified with the affairs of his county. From 1884 to 1888 he was trustee of Clay township. In 1894 he was elected treasurer of Dearborn county and was re-elected in 1896. A remarkable thing connected with his election to the treasurer's office was that he had no opposition at either time he was a candidate, something that never happened in the county before nor since. About 1894 the First National bank, which had previously been operating as a private bank, was organized and Mr. Wulber was elected president. He has maintained his connection with the institution ever since, now holding the position of cashier. In addition to his banking interests he owns a fine farm near Dillsboro, upon which he resides. He was married on Nov. 23, 1868, to Miss Sophia Pruss, daughter of Frederick Pruss, of Dearborn county, and five children have been born to the union. Emma L. and Amelia D. are deceased. Those living are Theodore J., Laura L., and Louisa D. Theodore is an attorney at law. In 19o2 he was elected prosecuting attorney for the circuit composed of Dearborn and Ohio counties. During his term several important cases came into his hands, the most notable 106 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY being the famous Gillespie murder case, at Rising Sun, which attracted wide attention. He makes his headquarters at Dillsboro, is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and is looked upon as one of the most promising young lawyers in Southeastern Indiana. PROF. TECUMSEH H. MEEK, superintendent of the public schools, Lawrenceburg, Ind., was born in that city, March 22, 1866. He is descended from an old English family, and is the sixth generation from Adam Meek, of Lincolnshire, the oldest known member of the family. The succeeding generations are traced in an unbroken line to Professor Meek, through Jacob, Nathan, Samuel, and Willis Meek, the last named being Professor Meek's father. During his boyhood Tecumseh attended the common schools of his native town, graduating from the high school at the age of fifteen. Before he reached his sixteenth birthday he had received a license to teach, and he has been engaged in school work ever since, either as a teacher, superintendent, or student at the State university at Bloomington. In 1884 he took charge of the public schools of Aurora, in the south district, holding the position for three years. In the fall of 1887 he was made principal of the Lawrenceburg high school, remaining there until 1891. He then retired from school work for a year, but in the fall of 1892 he was made principal at Ludlow, Ky. During the years 1893-94-95 he was a student at the State university, taking his old place as principal of the Lawrenceburg high school in the fall of 1895. In 1898 he was appointed superintendent of the city- schools and held the position till the end of the school year in 1904, when he resigned his position to continue his work in the University- of Indiana, from which institution he received his degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1904, and will receive the degree of Master of Arts in 1905. Professor Meek is a Republican in politics but he is not active in political work. His highest aim is to be a school man, and under his management the schools of Lawrenceburg have kept pace with any city of like size in the country. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, having received the Royal Arch degree; the Modern Woodmen of America; the Junior Order of United American MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 107 Mechanics; and the Methodist Episcopal church, in which he is superintendent of the Sunday school. He was married Dec. 26, 1895, to Miss Nannie B., daughter of Ransom P. Meek, of Morton, Ill., and one son has come to bless the union: Harold T., born June 30, 1897 FRANK B. SHUTTS, a popular attorney of Aurora, Ind., was born at Moore's Hill, Dearborn county, Ind., Sept.11, 1810. He was reared and received his Primary education at Cochran, Ind., and in 1887 graduated from the Aurora high school, winning the Wabash college scholarship as a prize. At the age of eighteen years he was appointed deputy prosecuting attorney of Dearborn county and served eighteen months. In 1889 he entered the law department of De Pauw university, Greencastle, Ind., and on Sept. 11, 1891, was formally admitted to the bar of his native county. In June of that year he formed a partnership, before he had attained his majority, with George E. Downey, now judge of the Seventh judicial circuit. In June, 1892, Mr. Shutts was graduated from the law department of De Pauw university by special dispensation owing to his failure to attend the sessions of that year. Two years later he was admitted to practice in the State supreme court and in the United States district and circuit courts. In 1894 he was the candidate for prosecuting attorney in the circuit composed of Dearborn, Ohio, and Switzerland counties, and although the normal Democratic majority was about twelve hundred, he was defeated by only fifty-three votes. In 1900 he was a candidate before the Republican State convention for the office of lieutenant-governor, and, as he says, "narrowly escaped nomination." Mr. Shutts is a prominent figure in the Knights of Pythias, and is also a member of the Royal Arcanum and of the Methodist Episcopal church. JAMES WALKER ISHERWOOD, superintendent of the gas company, Lawrenceburg, Ind., was born in that city in the year 1855, His father, John Isherwood, was born at Bolton, Lancashire, England, in 1820, and there grew to manhood. Soon after attaining his majority he married and in 1847 came with his wife to America. 108 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY After two years in Lawrence, Mass., and two in Cincinnati, they located at Lawrenceburg. While in Cincinnati the father worked at his trade of machinist, but after coming to Lawrenceburg he established himself in the grocery business and followed that vocation until his death in April, 1897. He also acted as agent for the Cincinnati newspapers for many years. His widow is still living. James W. is the only surviving child of this couple. After the customary training in the schools of his native city he attended the National Normal school at Lebanon, Ohio. Shortly after leaving school he became associated with the Lawrenceburg Gas Company and in a little while was made superintendent, a position he has held ever since. In addition to his duties with the gas company Mr. Isherwood does considerable business as an underwriter. He is an enthusiastic Republican in political matters, is a Knight of Pythias, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In 1880 Miss Sadie P., daughter of Benjamin Eversole, of Lawrenceburg, became Mrs. J. W. Isherwood, and they have orc clauphter, Lucy K. EDWARD J. EMMERT, M.D., a popular surgeon of Lawrenceburg, Ind., is a native of that city, having been born there in 1871. After a primary training in the public and high schools he attended DePauw university at Greencastle, Ind., and later Johns Hopkins university at Baltimore, Md. Having finished his collegiate education he took up the study of medicine and in 1895 was graduated from the Miami Medical college, at Cincinnati. During the two years following his graduation he served as interne and house surgeon in the Western Pennsylvania, Pittsburg hospital, after which he spent another year in post-graduate study in hospitals of Philadelphia and New York. In the month of February, 1898, he returned to Lawrenceburg and began the practice of his profession in his native city. Since that time he has practiced continuously in Lawrenceburg and Cincinnati. But little more than six years have elapsed since Dr. Emmert began to establish himself in his chosen calling, yet in that time he has demonstrated his professional skill in a way that has won the admiration of his brother physicians and the confidence of the public. Dr. Emmert belongs to the Dear- MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 109 born County Medical society; American Medical association; Phi Kappa Psi literary fraternity; Sigma Nu medical fraternity; is surgeon to the Big Four Railroad Company; medical examiner for the New York Mutual, Philadelphia Fidelity, Illinois, and New York security trust and life insurance companies. SAMUEL H. COLLINS, MD., of Lawrenceburg, Ind., was born at Plymouth, Mass., in 1851. During his childhood and youth he lived in Taunton and Fitchburg, Mass., and Somersworth, N. H., there attending the public schools. In 1873 he graduated from Dennison college, Granville, O., with the degree of A.B. He next entered Miami medical college, Cincinnati, and graduated in 1876. For the next year he was an interne in the Cincinnati hospital and then practiced in Cincinnati until 1878, when he took charge of a corps of six physicians and two druggists to go to Memphis to assist in fighting the yellow fever epidemic there. In three weeks after their arrival in Memphis Dr. Collins was the only survivor of the expedition. He had the fever but recovered, and received a testimonial from the Howard Society for his services—the only one in the State of Indiana. In 1879 he was made secretary of the Memphis hoard of health, and in August of that year the national board of health appointed him as surgeon and inspector-general. For a time he was stationed in Memphis and Shelby county, being there when the second scourge of yellow fever came. In April, 1880, he was transferred to New Orleans as port officer. In September he was sent to Vicksburg to take charge of the quarantine there, and in November he was transferred to Ship Island, in the Gulf of Mexico, to look after the quarantine stations along the Gulf Coast. He remained at Ship Island until June, 1881, when he went back to Memphis to superintend the erection of a hospital boat, and in November following located at Lawrenceburg. Few physicians have had a wider or more varied experience than Dr. Collins, yet in all the trying situations to which he has been subjected he has proven equal to the demands. He is a member of the Indiana and Tennessee State Medical associations and the Dearborn County Medical society, and served on the board of pension examiners during the administration of President Harrison. Politically he is a Republican and has served three terms in the Lawrenceburg city council, twice carrying a Democratic ward. He is a Knight Templar Mason, a member of the Knights of Pythias, and in 1895 was elected surgeon of the Third regiment, Indiana Uniform Rank, with the rank of major. 110 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY CAPT. ALEXANDER B. PATTERSON, cashier of the Aurora National bank, Aurora, Ind., was born in the city of Cincinnati, May 20, 1835. When he was about two years of age the family removed to Aurora, where he was reared and educated. Qualifying himself for the work of a civil engineer he went west in 1857 and remained there for three years in that line of employment. In the fall of i8bo he returned home and in the following April he enlisted in Company E, Seventh Indiana infantry, being the first man in Aurora to offer his services to his country. He went out as second lieutenant of the company and when the regiment was reorganized in September, 1861, he was made first lieutenant. Six months later he was promoted to the captaincy and served in that capacity until the close of the war. He was in all the engagements in which the army of the Potomac participated, except in the Peninsular campaign under McClellan, and was twice wounded. After the war he returned to Aurora, where for some time he was engaged in the drug business. From 1869 to 1878 he was in the internal revenue service. He then served as county auditor for four years and upon leaving the auditor's office he was elected cashier of the bank, which position he has held since. Besides his banking interests Captain Patterson is president of the Cemetery and Public Library associations of Aurora, as well as of the Aurora Chair Company, and is secretary of the Aurora Tool Works. The only civic organization of which he is a member is the Grand Army of the Republic. In 1864 he was married to Miss Elizabeth C., daughter of Dr. W. T. S. Cornett. They have two daughters, both of whom are married. Anna G. is the wife of F. D. Cobb, and Alexina is the wife of Dr. E. L. Haring, of Aurora. RANDALL J. WYMOND, manager of the Samuel Wymond Cooperage Company, of Aurora, Incl., was born at Dillsboro, Dearborn county, Ind., Jan. 8, 1857. His father, Samuel Wymond, was born in Cornwall, England, but came to America in early life and located at Dillsboro, Ind., where he lived until 1865, when he removed to Aurora. There he founded the cooperage business that still bears his name and was also engaged in merchandizing. He died in 1884, leaving four children. His father, William Wymond, lived and died in Cornwall. Randall was educated in the town schools, graduating from the high school in 18i3. Two years later he graduated from the Chickering institute (now extinct), of Cincinnati, and entered the law department of the Michigan university at Ann Arbor. After studying law for two years he left school and went into his MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 111 father's office as a clerk, remaining there for nine years. In 1887, three years after the death of his father, he was one of the incorporators of the company and was elected secretary, treasurer and general manager. Mr. Wymond is a director in the First National bank and is spoken of as one of the most reliable business men of Aurora. He is a thirty-second degree Mason and a Knight Templar-, and belongs to the Episcopal church. He was married June 11, 1884, to Miss Mabel Criswell, daughter of Robert Criswell, and they have one daughter, named Jean C. HENRY P. SPAETH, the head of the hardware firm of H. P. Spaeth & Co., Aurora, Ind., was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, Dec. 25, 1838. When he was about seven years old his father, Christopher Spaeth, came with his family to America, settling in Cincinnati, where he as in the grocery business until 1849, when he died of cholera during the epidemic of that year, leaving five children. The death of his father made it necessary for the subject of this sketch to quit school and begin life for himself. He went to work in a little paper box factory at the munificent wage of one dollar a week. After two years in this factory he went into a chair factory, where he learned the trade of wood turner and worked there until the beginning of the Civil war. He cast his first vote for president in i86o and was an ardent Lincoln man in that campaign. In April, 1861, he enlisted as a. private in Company D, Ninth Ohio infantry, and served until June, 1864, when he was discharged as first lieutenant of Company C, of the same regiment. During his service he was in the West Virginia campaign and with the army of the Cumberland. He was in the battles of Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, and was on the campaign from Dalton to Kingston, Ga., receiving some slight wounds. When he received his discharge he returned to Cincinnati and began clerking in a store, remaining there until December, 1867, when he came to Aurora and bought a tin shop. Four years later he added a stock of hardware, which was the beginning of the present firm. Besides his hardware business Mr. Spaeth is president of the Aurora Furniture Company; vice-president of the Aurora National bank; a director in 112 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY the Aurora Coffin Company and the Aurora Chair Company; and has been president of the Aurora Tool Works. Ever since 1860 he has been a Republican, but the only office he ever held was that of member of the Aurora school board, which came to him unsolicited and which he held for six years. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Masonic fraternity, and the Presbyterian church. Mr. Spaeth has been twice married. In 1871 he was married to Miss Sophie Kastner. She died in 1874, leaving two children, Julia A. and Fred K. On Feb. 8, 1880, he was married to Mary E. Smith, of Aurora. E. H. NIEBAUM, postmaster, Aurora, Ind., was born in Hanover, Germany, Dec. 27, 1839. In 1845 he came with his parents to America, settling in Dearborn county, Ind. From that time until he was twelve years of age he worked on the farm, attending the common schools a few months each winter. When he was twelve years old he went to Cincinnati, where for over two years he worked in a job printing office. In the meantime his parents had removed to Ohio county, Ind. He left the printing office, went back home and remained on the farm for two years, when he came to Aurora as a clerk in a dry goods store. He continued in this line of work until 1878, when he went into business for himself, operating a dry goods store in company with Joseph McCreay. The partnership was dissolved by the death of Mr. McCreay, but Mr. Niebaum continued the business for several years afterward. In 1898 he was appointed postmaster by the late President McKinley and was reappointed by President Roosevelt. During the Civil war Mr. Niebaum served about four months as a private in Company E, Seventh Indiana volunteer infantry. He was in, the battles of Philippi and Carrick's Ford, but when the regiment was reorganized he did not enter the new organization. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and of the German Lutheran church. In 1862 Mr. Niebaum was married to Miss Clara F. Rieman. They have three children, viz.: Frank W., Charles H., and William E. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 113 E. J. LIBBERT, M.D., a prominent physician and surgeon of Aurora, Ind., was born in Dearborn county, Ind., Sept. 8, 1868. His father, Charles Libbert, was born in the same county in 184.4. During the Civil war he served in Company A, Seventh Indiana volunteer infantry. He lost his left arm and was severely wounded in the chest, dying in 1882 from the effects of these injuries. Seven of his children—four sons and three daughters—are still living. Dr. Libbert received his general education in the schools of his native county. In 1889 he graduated from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, receiving the degree of M. D. He began practice in the little village of Farmers Retreat, Dearborn county, and remained there until September, 1898, when he located in Aurora. Here he has built up a lucrative practice and stands well both with the profession and the public. He is a member of the American Medical association, the Indiana Medical association, and the Dearborn County Medical society. In fraternal circles Dr. Libbert is well and favorably known. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Improved Order of Red Men, the Modern Woodmen of America, and is a Royal Arch Mason. He is also a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In April, 1891, Dr. Libbert was married to Miss Clara M., daughter of Cornelius Buchanan, of Dearborn county, and they have three children: Marshall S., Cornelius H., and Edwin L. JOSEPH H. WILDER, superintendent of the Royer Wheel Works, of Aurora, Ind., was born at Holliston, Mass., in the year 1844. His father, Joseph M. Wilder, was born at Lancaster, Mass., in 181 t, and when he grew to manhood became a manufacturer of born combs. In 1862 both father and son came West, locating at Fort Wayne, Ind. There the father conducted a shoe factory for a number of years, but finally returned East and died at Holliston in 1896. The son found employment at Fort Wayne as a clerk in a carriage manufactory and wood working establishment, and remained with the concern for thirty years. In 1892 he came to the Royer Wheel Company, then located in Cincinnati, as superintendent. In 1901 the manufacturing department of the company was removed to Aurora, Mr. Wilder coming with it as superintendent and also a director. Mr. Wilder is a fine example of what can be accomplished by energy and perseverance. While other young men have been lamenting their lack of opportunities he has gone steadily upward, filling positions of trust with satisfaction to his employers and with profit to himself. I–8 114 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY He is a Republican in opinions but is not an active politician, and is a member of the I piscopal church. In 1867 Mr. Wilder was married to Miss Jennie L. Leland, daughter of Alden Leland, of Holliston, and they have one daughter, Constance L. WILLIAM E. STARK, vice-president and general manager of the Cochran Chair Company, Cochran, Incl., was born at Versailles, Ripley county, Ind., Oct. 29, 1866. He was reared and educated in his native town, living there until he was eighteen years old, except three years at Sedalia, Mo. Leaving school at the age of fourteen years he began life as a drug clerk. For four years he worked in drug and grocery stores, and then came to Cochran, where he was employed for six years in a general store. At the end of that time he became bookkeeper for the Cochran Chair factory, and when the company was incorporated in 1899 he was elected to his present position. Mr. Stark is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He was married in 1891 to Miss Sarah E., daughter of George Smith, of Augusta, Icy., and they have two, sons, Leland W. and Harold L. The family resides in Aurora. Mr. Stark's father, Silas Stark, was born inVersailles in 1844, and died in Sedalia, Mo., Feb. 14, 1876. He was a farmer all his life. He married Margaret E. Johnson and of the five children born to them three are still living: Luella, wife of William Radspinner; William E., and Ambrose E. The Stark family came originally from Virginia, though the paternal grandfather cif William E. Stark was born near Paris, Ky., July 4, 1811, and came to Versailles about 1828. His name was Elijah Stark. He went to Grant City, Mo., in 1890 and died there ten years later. JOSIAH C. WRIGHT, senior member of the firm of J. C. Wright & Son, dealers in lumber and builders' supplies, Aurora, Ind., was born in Dearborn county, Ind., Jan. 5, 1850. His paternal grandfather, Ira Wright, was born in Pennsylvania in 1789, came to Dearborn county, in his early manhood, entered land there, and died a farmer in 1876. His son, Henry F., father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Dearborn county in 1826. He served in the Third, and MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 115 later in the Seventh Indiana cavalry, during the Civil war, holding the rank of captain and acting major. He died of disease at Memphis in 1864, having had command of his regiment for three months prior to his death. Of his family Josiah and three sisters are living. Josiah C. Wright attended the public schools of the country districts and the town of Aurora until he was sixteen years of age. He then stayed on the farm until he was twenty-two, when he went into the Ohio & Mississippi (now the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern) car shops at Cochran, Ind. After two years in the shops he went West, working as a carpenter in Lincoln, Neb., and Wichita, Kan. Returning home he began the business of contracting on a small scale, which has gradually grown. In ipoi he opened a lumber yard and is today the largest contractor in Aurora. Mr. Wright belongs to no secret order or religious denomination, yet he is the publisher of a religious paper called Alpha and Omega, which is now in its seventh year. Politically he is a Prohibitionist and by precept and example teaches the doctrines of doing right for the sake of the right. He was married in 1871 to Miss Mary E. Echels, of Aurora, and they have seven children: Harley E., Emma, now Mrs. Cumback; John W., Ralph, Oran, Mabel, and Naomi. ANDREW P. DAUGHTERS, M.D., of Moores Hill, Ind., has practiced medicine in that vicinity for almost half a century. He was born in Dearborn county, Incl., Aug. 12, 1831. His paternal grandfather, Hudson Daughters, was a native of Wales. He came to America in the latter part of the eighteenth century and settled in Delaware, where James Daughters, father of the doctor, was born in 1799. He came to Dearborn county, where he followed farming for many years and died there in 1856. Dr. Daughters received his early education in the public schools, afterward attending Asbury—now De Pauw—university during the sessions of 1849-50. He then taught for two years, read medicine, and in 1855 was graduated from the Miami Medical college of Cincinnati. He located at Moore's Hill, where he has practiced ever since, except what time he was in the army. In June, 1861, he enlisted in the Eighteenth Indiana volunteer infantry, as first lieutenant of Company A, but two months later was made assistant surgeon and shortly afterward surgeon of the regiment. He was with his regiment in the engagements at Bentonville, Mo., Elk Horn Tavern, Pea Ridge, Wilson's Creek, Pilot Knob, Port Gibson, Champion Hills, and a number of others. At the siege of Vicksburg the demands upon him were so great that 116 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY he was completely exhausted. He remained at his post, however, until the city capitulated, when he resigned and came home. For some months prior to that time he had held the position of staff physician on the staff of Brig.-Gen. H. D. Washburn. Dr. Daughters is a member of the Dearborn County Medical society and since 1896 has been president of the pension examining board. He is a member and one of the trustees of the Methodist Episcopal church; has been an Odd Fellow since 1853, and has taken all the degrees of the order; and is a Royal Arch Mason. He was married in 186o to Althea A. Justis, and of the nine children born to them six survive, viz.: Deborah J., Andrew N., Peter B., Sarah B., James E., and Pearl. Mrs. Daughters died in 1884. HARRIS FITCH, hardware merchant and dealer in farm implements and vehicles, was born in Lawrenceburg, Ind., March 26, 1859. After attending the city schools he was a student at old Asbury university (De Pauw) and Nelson's Business college in Cincinnati. His first position was as a clerk in the First National bank. He went into the livery and implement business in 1878. In 1888 he sold out the livery and in 1892 added a line of general hardware to his implement trade. His business is the largest of the kind in this part of the state. His house has a popular standing, it having been said he keeps everything "from a needle to a threshing machine." He is a Methodist. In politics he is a Republican. The Fitch family is one of the oldest and most prominent in this part of the country, tracing its ancestry back more than three hundred years, when Thomas Fitch near the close of the sixteenth century became, by descent, the proprietor of an estate near Braintree, Essex county, England, and after an honest and peaceful life died, leaving a widow and five sons. Shortly thereafter, these descendants with their mother emigrated to New England, about 1638. These five sons, Thomas, James, Samuel, Joseph, and John, make it easy to account for the great number by the name in New England and New York, and the part they took in their colonial history. For a descendant of one of these numerous branches, Fitchburg, Mass., was named. Another, Thomas, was governor of Connecticut under George II. John Fitch, the inventor of the MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 117 steamboat was the great-grandson of the first Joseph in this country, who made a large purchase of land in Windsor, Hartford county, Conn. James, the second of the five American Fitches, was born at Pocking, Essex county, England, Dec. 24, 1622. After removing to New England in 1638 he studied seven years for the ministry under the distinguished ministers, Hooker and Stone. He became pastor of the First Church (Congregational) in Saybrook, 1646. After a service of fourteen years, he, in 1659, with Captain John Mason and a company of thirty-five followed along the banks of the Thames river to a picturesque spot between the Yantic and Shetucket rivers and founded the town of Norwich, which Dr. Holmes justly described as "a town of supreme, audacious, Alpine loveliness." He was a large land owner in Norwich, Windham, and Lebanon and interested in the settlement of these towns. He learned the language of the Mohegan Indians, and was popular among them, preaching to them in their own tongue, sharing his land with them, and teaching them agriculture. Rev. James Fitch in 1664 married as his second wife Priscilla Mason, daughter of John Mason. He died at Lebanon, Conn., Nov. t8, 1702. Joseph, their son, was born in Norwich in November, z68r. On Dec. 29, 1721, Joseph married as his second wife Annie Whiting, eldest daughter of Samuel Whiting. Joseph died at Lebanon, May 9, 1741. Their son, Capt. Azel Fitch, was born in Lebanon, Nov. 7, 1728. He married Rhoda Collins, daughter of Rev. Timothy Collins, 1767. He was her third husband. Azel Fitch died at Albany, N. Y., about 1767. Their son, Joseph, was born at Lebanon, Conn., in June, 1768. In 1784 he married Elizabeth Harris, born in Cornwall, Conn., May 7, 1765. They went to Amena, Dutchess county, N. Y. There the first son, Azel, was born, Nov. 25, 1790. From here they moved to Kingsbury, Washington county, where were born Collins, May 13, 1793, Harris, March 13, 1796, and Clarissa, June 1, 1798. The fifth, Alonzo, was born at Queensbury, Warren county, and Horgan and Lewin born at Scipio, Cayuga county, June 13, 1806. Shortly after the death of his sister, Harris, the grandfather of the present Harris, together with his parents and brothers except the eldest, came to Lawrenceburg. When he was grown he engaged in the then great traffic on the river. In those early times when every man must almost of necessity be jack-of-all-trades, he was more—in fact, master of at least six. His garden with its fine fruit, of his own grafting, its great variety of vegetables, the beds bordered with flowers and walks laid with tanbark, was the wonder and admiration of the town and the delight of his family. For years he was proprietor of 118 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY the Fitch House, which he built. In 1821 he married Hannah Biggs. To them were born eight children. Three died in infancy. The others were George, De Witt Clinton (father of Harris), Jane (Mrs. Gazlay), William, and Virginia. De Witt Clinton Fitch, like his father, engaged in trade on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, selling cargoes of hay and potatoes in New Orleans. Later he was engaged in farming, then in the grocery business. From 1862 to 1883 he was president of the First National and City National banks. On Aug. 20, 1850, he married Leah Hayes. To them nine children were born, Harris being the fourth. All are living. He was always an active and public spirited man. THOMAS B. COTTINGHAM, one of the leading farmers and stock raisers of Dearborn county, Ind., was born near Logan's Cross Roads in that county, April 3, 1846, and is a son of Thomas and Sarah (Stohms) Cottingham. His father was born in Baltimore, Md. From there he came to Cincinnati, where he learned the blacksmith trade, after which he located at Logan s Cross Roads, and there followed that trade for many years. The last years of his life were spent with his children and he died at the home of one of his daughters, a Mrs. Liddle, in 1897. His wife, the mother of the subject of this sketch, died in 1852. Thomas B. is the seventh of nine children. Two died in childhood, two passed away later, and five are living, all useful members of society. At the age of sixteen Thomas began business for himself, working out for a while and saving his money until he had enough to engage in the business of merchandizing, when he opened a store at Bright, Ind. Later he sold otit and since then has been a tiller of the soil. In 1892 he sold his first farm and bought the 160 acres known as the "Langdale Farm." He raises some of the best bred stock in Dearborn. county and had the only corn from the county on exhibition at the World's Fair at St. Louis in 1904, for which he received a medal. In 1874 Mr. Cottingham was married to Miss Louisa Langdale, a native of Dearborn county, and a daughter of R. H. Langdale, one of its prominent citizens. To this marriage there were born three children : Stanley, who was accidently killed while duck hunting, MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 119 March 15, 1900; Howard, who lives at home with his parents ; and Edna, now the wife of John Moore, of Indianapolis. Mr. Cottingham is a Democrat, is a man of intelligence, h:gh moral character, and integrity, and both himself and wife are members of the Christian church. JOHN H. JACKSON, a well-known farmer of Dearborn county,Ind. is a native of that county and was born May 15, 1854, his parents being Reuben C. and Isabelle Jackson, old and honored residents of the county. The paternal grandfather came to Indiana during the territorial days, cleared a farm and lived here all his subsequent life. He met his death by drowning in Tanner's creek. John H., who bears his grandfather's name, is the tenth of a family of thirteen children born to his parents. He received a common school education and after leaving school married and took charge of the home farm, which he now owns. It is a farm of two hundred acres of fine land and he carries on a successful business as a general farmer. His mother, whose maiden name was Isabelle Langdale, was a native of England but cane with her parents to the United States when she was twelve years of age. Mr. Jackson is a solid Republican though not altogether a politician. He is a member of the Bright Lodge, Woodmen of the World. He was married in 1887 to Miss Mary E. Smith, a daughter of Jacob and Ann Smith, of Dearborn county, where her father is a successful farmer. To Mr. and Mrs. Jackson there were born two children, Clyde A. and Floyd S., both well educated and both living at home, though Clyde is married. His wife keeps house for the family since the death of Mrs. Jackson, which occurred on August 29, 1902. Mr. Jackson is a man who enjoys the respect and esteem of his neighbors and has the confidence of all who know him as a nian of unimpeachable integrity. DAVID E. JOHNSTON, M.D., of Moore's Hill, Ind., is one of the. most popular and efficient physicians of the votgn2yer school in Southeastern Indiana. His paternal grandfather was a native of Virginia but came at an early date to Dearborn county, Ind., where James Johnston, 120 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY father of the doctor, was born in 1831. There he followed farming and teaching in the common schools until he was about thirty years of age, when he removed to Indianapolis and engaged in the real estate business. He died there in 1903. Dr. D. E. Johnston was born in Indianapolis, Jan. 27, 1873. When he was about seven years old his mother died and he was sent to relatives in Dearborn county to find a home. There he grew to manhood, receiving a good education in the common schools and at Moore's Hill college. For three years he taught in the Dearborn county schools, after which he took up the study of medicine and in igoo graduated from the Medical College of Indiana, located at Indianapolis. For a year after receiving his degree he was an interne in the Protestant Deaconess hospital of Indianapolis, and he then was engaged in general practice in that city for another year. In 1902 he located at Moore's Hill, where he soon built up a fine practice, in which he has demonstrated his skill as a physician of the highest order. Without disparagement to other physicians of the place it can be said that he is the leading doctor of Moore's Hill. Dr. Johnston is a member of the Masonic fraternity; the Independent Order of Odd Fellows; the Baptist church; the State Medical association; the Dearborn County Medical society, and is a Democrat but not a politician. JOHN SHANKS (deceased) was born in Dearborn county, Ind., in the year 1800. His father, Michael Shanks, came to Kentucky in a very early day, and there his parents and all his brothers and sisters were killed by the Indians, except one sister, who was carried into captivity and was never heard of afterwards. In the latter part of the eighteenth century Michael Shanks came to Indiana, entered the land now owned by his grandson, and there passed the remainder of his clays. During the war of 1812 he served with distinction under Gen. William H. Harrison. John Shanks grew to manhood in Dearborn country. He was the only son in a family of five children. For nearly a quarter of a century he followed flatboating on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. He died in 1876 and his wife in 1893. They had a family of eleven children, viz.: William, now residing in Illinois; Eliza J., deceased; Ezra F., deceased; Oliver, now living in Terre Haute, Ind.; Isaac, Sarah and Nancy, all deceased; Margaret E., at home; John F., married and living at Sullivan, Ind.; Van, who runs the old home farm, and Harry M., who tills his allotted portion, located on the pike between Guilford and Lawrenceburg. All had a common school education and all became useful citizens. The old homestead, entered by Michael Shanks, on which the primitive log MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 121 cabin has been replaced by a substantial three story frame dwelling, and which is now occupied by Van Shanks, is one of the oldest farms in Dearborn county, as well as one of the best. Harry M. Shanks has 147 acres of good land which he rents to tenants. In politics he is an unswerving Democrat, and as a farmer he is thoroughly up-to-date, living on one of the rural free delivery routes and having telephone communication with Lawrenceburg and Cincinnati. The old log house, in which he lived until the summer of 1904, was one of the oldest in that section and was the place of the first postoffice in Dearborn county. ROBERT J. NOWLIN, one of the most prosperous and progressive farmers of Dearborn county, Ind., was born in Miller township of that county, Aug. 26, 1865, and is a son of Enoch B. and Jane H. (Langdale) Nowlin, both natives of the township. The paternal grandfather, Jeremiah Nowlin, was one of the early settlers of the county and was a typical pioneer. He lived and died in Miller township where he was a successful farmer and a man that was universally respected. Enoch B. Nowlin was a well educated elan and in his early life taught for several years. He then bought a farm and followed that vocation throughout the remainder of his life. He died on June 17, 1900, his wife having departed this life on July 10, 1884. The Langdale family is one of the oldest and most highly respected in Dearborn county. Enoch and Jane Nowlin had four children H. L. is a farmer in Miller township and resides at Greendale Mary P. died at the age of four years; Robert is the subject of this sketch, and Annie died in 1893, a graduate of the Wesleyan college of Cincinnati. Rohert J. Nowlin received a high school education and attended one year at college. At the age of nineteen he rented land in Kansas and began farming. After five years in that state he returned to Indiana, and for two years was in the hardware business in Lawrenceburg. He was then on the farm until 1893, when he went to Cincinnati and engaged in the live stock commission business for three years. Returning to the farm he devoted his attention to raising thoroughbred stock, particularly full-blooded Berkshire hogs, in which he has been very successful. He has a farm of 425 acres, well improved, and the greater part of it under cultivation. In 1901 he rebuilt and has one of the finest and best equipped residences in the state. Modern heating and ventilating; hot and cold water in every room; telephone connections ; rural free delivery, etc. Barns in keeping with the house mark him as one of the men who know 122 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY how to get the greatest comfort out of farm life. On Apra 4, 1885, he was married to Miss Catherine Russell, daughter of P. J. Russell, a prominent farmer of Eureka Springs, Ark. She died on Dec. 15, 1889, and on May 5, 1891, Mr. Nowlin was married to Gertrude V. Gore, a native of Brown county, O., and a daughter of Charles H. and Hester B. Gore, her father being a civil engineer. The second Mrs. Nowlin died on Jan. 5, 1897, and Mr. Nowlin was married a third time on Nov. 19, 1899. His third wife was Margery E. Gore, a sister to his second wife. Mr. Nowlin has five children: Enoch R., is at home ; Carrie O., is also at home ; Robert L. ; Margery, died in infancy, and Gilbert S. The two first named are the children of his first wife and the others by his second. All the children are attendants at school and the daughters are also paying considerable attention to music. Mr. Nowlin is a Republican politically and well informed on the public questions of the day. On matters relating to farming and stock growing he is an authority, and few men are more earnest or energetic in what they undertake. It is to this trait of his character that he owes the greater part of his success. ROBERT F. HUDDLESTON, farmer, merchant and postmaster at Guilford, Dearborn county, Ind., was born in that county, Oct. 31, 1842. His parents, John and Hannah Huddleston, were both natives of England. His paternal grandparents came from England to the United States in 1837 and settled in Dearborn county, where the grandfather, whose name was Thomas, followed farming until his death. John Huddleston, Robert's father, was also a farmer. During his life he was a Whig until after the dissolution of that party, when he became a Democrat. He died in 1866 and his wife survived him for twenty years, dying in 1886. Robert is the eldest of five children, the others being, William, deceased; John, a farmer in York township, Dearborn county; Frank, who is a farmer living near Nokomis, Ill. ; and Wilson, who also lives near the same place. Robert F. Huddleston received his education in the public schools and soon after reaching his majority went to work for the government as a civil employe, remaining in the government service for over two years. For the next twenty-nine years, and over, he was employed as a bridge builder by different railroads, being nine years with the Big Four and ten years with the Cleveland & Marietta, and for some time with the Chesapeake & Ohio, part of the time as foreman and the remainder as superintendent. During his service as a bridge builder he was in four disastrous wrecks and two collisions. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 123 In 1895 he embarked in the mercantile line of business at Guilford and has been thus engaged since. He owns a farm of eighty acres adjoining the town, which he rents. Soon after President Mchinley was inaugurated in 1897 he was appointed postmaster at Guilford and has held the office by reappointment until the present time. In politics he is an unwavering Republican ; is a member of the Free and Accepted Masons ; and both himself and wife belong to the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Huddleston was married in April, 1873, to Miss Mary, daughter of William and Eveline (Raveling) Lazenby. JOIN F. MEYER, one of the best known farmers in Dearborn county, Ind., was born in the neighborhood where he now resides, Dec. 24, 1854. His father, also named John F., came from Germany in 1848, at the age of nineteen. At the time of his arrival in this country he had nothing and could not speak sufficient English to make himself understood. He went to work for seven dollars a month, saving enough to bring his parents to America, and later bought two hundred acres of land from a railroad company. This he cleared and improved and by industry, energy, and frugality added to it until at the time of his death, in April, 1900, he was the owner of over 1,300 acres of good land. He married Mary Dasker, a native of the Fatherland, who came to America when six years of age and they had a family of eight children. Annie S. married Leonard Randall, a farmer of Dearborn county; John F. is the subject of this sketch ; Henry J. and William are both farmers in Dearborn county; Dora married Henry Kiser, a farmer in Ohio county, Ind. Frederick is the owner of a farm of 245 acres, which he is conducting; George lives on the old homestead, and Mary died in 1899. With that filial affection and unity of purpose which characterize the German family, the boys all stayed with their father, helping him to accumulate what he had. In turn, the father, before his death, gave each of them a farm. At the time of his death the father had reached the age of seventy-two years. He died at what is known as the Three Mile House, where he passed the last years of his life in retirement from active business cares. He and his wife were both 124 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY devout Lutherans and during his life he helped to build several churches and schoolhouses. His widow is still living and makes her home with her children. John F. Meyer, the son, grew up on his father's farm, obtained a good common school education, and at the age of twenty-three years he rented part of his father's land and began life on his own account. At the death of his father he inherited 145 acres, to which he has added until he now owns about 35o acres. He carries on general farming and is generally recognized as one of the successful farmers of his community. In 1879 he was married to Margaret Behlmer, the daughter of Court Behlmer, a Ripley county farmer, and to this marriage there have been born four children: Charles F., Lena, Clara, and Maggie. All are at home with their parents. Mr. and Mrs. Meyer are both members of the Lutheran church. In political matters he is a rock-ribbed Democrat, takes an active interest in the political situation, and is now serving his second term as a member of the county council. He is interested in good roads and for thirteen years has held the office of road supervisor. He lives on one of the rural free delivery mail routes, keeps in touch with what is going on in the world, and is one of the most practical and progressive men in his township. GEORGE W. NEVITT (deceased) was born at Lawrenceburg, Dearborn county, Ind., April 13, 1829, and during his day was one of the leading farmers of the county. His parents, David and Eliza (French) Nevitt, came from Pennsylvania some time in the twenties and settled at Lawrenceburg, where the father for some time followed his trade of hatter, but in later years engaged in farming. George W. grew to manhood in Dearborn, county, obtaining his education in the old-fashioned log schoolhouse, and at the age of twenty-six years bought a farm of his own. To this first purchase he added from time to time until at the time of his death he owned 370 acres of good land, well improved and in a fine state of cultivation. On Jan. 27, 1857, he was married to Ann M. Stewart, a daughter of Silas and Mary (Hendricks) Stewart, who were also immigrants from Pennsylvania. Thomas Hendricks, the father of Mrs. Nevitt, came from Pennsylvania at an early date and was the founder of the city of Greensburg, Incl., where he passed his last clays. George W. and Mary Kevitt were the parents of four children. The youngest died in infancy ; Stewart S. and his brother John D., the second and third of the family, live upon the old homestead ; and David L. died in childhood. The father of these children died on June 27, 1886. Since MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 125 the death of the father the two sons have added to the homestead until they now own about boo acres of as good land as there is in Dearborn county, and are numbered among the progressive and successful farmers of Southeastern Indiana. They are on one of the rural free delivery routes, have telephone connection, etc., and get about all the comforts out of life that are possible. Both are Republicans in political matters though neither is particularly active in political work. JOHN E. HEUSTIS, a farmer of Manchester township, Dearborn county, Ind., was born in that county, Aug. 14, 1839, and is a son of Elias and Sarah (Ellis) Heustis, the former a native of New York and the latter of Pennsylvania. They came to Indiana some time in the twenties, located in Dearborn county, bought a tract of eighty acres of wild land, and laved the life of the pioneers until their death. Elias Heustis at the time of his death in 1896 was the owner of 450 acres of good land. He was a Quaker and was one of the best men in the county. He was twice married, having one child by his first wife and a family of eight children by his second wife. Rhoda, the daughter of the first wife, married Absalom Hall and since his death makes her home with relatives. Of the second wife's children Lavinia is the widow of Sanford Mendell; Benjamin is deceased; William is a farmer of Dearborn county; John E. is the fourth child and the subject of this sketch; Hannah married Jeremiah Watkins, now deceased, and lives in Kansas; Abigail married Thomas Johnston, a farmer of Dearborn county; Mary is the widow of T. T. Annis, who died in 1904, and lives in Lawrenceburg, and Oliver resides at Wilmington, Dearborn county. John E. Heustis has in his possession an old Bible, printed in 1793, which was the property of his paternal grandfather, and from the record it contains it can be learned that Elias was the fourth child in a family of eleven children born to William and Rhoda Heustis. The names and birth dates of the family are as follows: Oliver, Oct. 11, 1793, Jesse, Nov. 22, 1794; Major, Aug. 24, 1796; Elias, May 27, 1798; James, March 6, 1800; Amy, Dec. 28, 1801 ; Sarah, Oct. 6, 1803 ; Henry, Nov.11, 1805 ; George, April 22, 1809; Martha, March 12, 1811 ; and Hannah, Feb. 18, 1814. Mr. Heustis also owns a copy of an old newspaper containing an account of the death of Gen. George Washington. Elias Heustis was a soldier in the war of 1812. John E. Heustis is one of the wide-awake farmers of his community. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, as is also his wife, and he belongs to 126 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY the Modern Woodmen of the World. In politics he is a Democrat and takes an active interest in furthering the interests of his party. Since 1902 he has been a member of the board of county commissioners of Dearborn county. On Oct. 14, 1869, he was married to Sara F. Walser, a native of Dearborn county and a daughter of James and Mary (Bailey) Walser, also natives of the county. For many years her father was engaged in f1atboating on the Ohio river, but in later years turned his attention to agricultural pursuits and became one of the leading farmers of the county. Mr. and irs. Heustis have had born to them five children. Mary, the eldest, is now Mrs. M. I. Butterfield, and resides at Muncie, Ind. ; Myrtle is at home with her parents ; Pearl is attending the Indianapolis Business university ; John is married and lives in Indianapolis ; and Scott is at home. Mr. Heustis is a believer in education and has practiced what he preaches by sending his children to school, thus giving them a good start toward solving the problems of life. DAVID A. ANNIS, farmer, near Lawrenceburg, Ind., was born in Dearborn county, of that state, Jan. 9, 1829, his parents being Thomas D. and Rhoda Annis, the former a native of New York and the latter of Massachusetts. The maternal ancestry can be traced back to Jonathan Fayerbanke, who came from England in 1633 and settled at Dedham, Mass. Thomas and Rhoda Annis came to Indiana in 1821 and settled at Lawrencehurg. The father was a carpenter by trade and followed it for a short time, then entered a tract of land in Miller township, cleared and improved it, and followed farming for the remainder of life. They had a family of seven children, three of whore died in infancy and four grew tc maturity. Thomas T. died in later life at Lawrenceburg, and the subject of this sketch is the only one now living. David A. Annis received a good practical education in the Lawrenceburg schools, took tip the work of a surveyor and followed it for some time in his early life. In the fall of 1850 he went to Iowa, where for a few months he engaged in teaching school. Subsequently he returned to Indiana, and in 1862 bought a farm of 120 acres, part of the old homestead, in Dearborn county. In February of that year he was MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 127 married to Mary E. Pearson, a daughter of Joseph A. Pearson, a farmer of Indiana, and they had a family of seven children, five of whom, grown to manhood and womanhood, are now living. The mother died Dec. 25, 1903. Mr. Annis has been a successful farmer, not that he has amassed wealth, but that he has cultivated a farm on the hills of the Ohio river near Lawrenceburg for forty-five years, and this farm today is more productive, in better condition and a higher state of cultivation than ever before. This is what he calls successful farming. The subject of this sketch is unassuming, charitable in disposition, and well respected by his neighbors. WILLIAM ALONZO COTTINGHAM, a member of the firm of Cottingham & Ingham, dealers in general merchandise, at Bright, Dearborn county, Ind., was born in that county, Feb. 3, 1840. His parents were Thomas and Sarah Mills Stohms Cottingham and his paternal grandfather was George Cottingham, a member of one of the old families which came from England and settled in Maryland. He lived and died in that state, there married a woman of German descent, who, after his death, came with the family, consisting of three sons and a daughter to Cincinnati. At that time the city consisted of a few scattering houses and the widow Cottingham found herself upon what seemed to be the outermost edge of civilization. After a few years in Cincinnati the family came to Dearborn county, locating near Logan creek, where two of the sons, Thomas and William, opened up a farm. The third son, George, went to Illinois and there farmed until his death. William also went to Illinois and in later life to Kansas where he died in 1902, at the age of ninety-four years. Thomas remained in Dearborn county, where he was one of the typical pioneers. He died March 31, ,897, aged eighty-six years. Game was abundant. Mr. Cottingham saw bears chased by hounds, and wolves preyed upon the live stock of the early settlers. He received his education in the little log schoolhouse, with the huge fire place and puncheon floor. In addition to pulling stumps and driving oxen on the farm he learned the trade of blacksmith, which he followed for many years with a marked degree of success. In politics he was a Jackson Democrat. He and his wife were both members of the Christian church and were active in promoting its good works. They had the following children : Eliza, who married William Liddle and now lives a widow at Bright; Charlotte, deceased; William A., the subject of this sketch ; Sarah, now Mrs. Joseph Haddock, lives at Harrison, O.: Jacob, deceased ; Thomas B.., whose 128 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY sketch appears on another page of this work; Matilda, now Mrs. W. S. Fagaly, of Lawrenceburg; Louisa, who died in girlhood; and two children who died in infancy. William A. Cottingham began life for himself at the age of sixteen years. Commencing at the bottom of the ladder as a farm hand at small wages he saved his money until he had accumulated a few hundred dollars, when he married and rented a farm. He prospered from the very beginning and after three years he bought ninety acres in Miller township, of Dearborn county, upon which he lived for four years, when he sold it to a good advantage and bought sixty acres adjoining the village of Bright. Shortly afterward he embarked in the mercantile line by purchasing a half interest in a general store at Bright, which he sold after four years. Some years later he formed a partnership with Robert Ingham, and they are now conducting a general store at Bright, Mr. Cottingham also managing his farm. In political matters Mr. Cottingham has followed in the footsteps of his honored father and votes the Democratic ticket. He has been elected township trustee, serving with credit to himself and greatly to the advantage of the township. He has also held other minor offices. He and his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In September, 1863, Mr. Cottingham was united in marriage to Miss Jane Haddock, daughter of Robert and Jane (Hargitt) Haddock. Both the Haddock and Hargitt families were among the pioneers of Dearborn county. Mrs. Cottingham's parents were born and married in England; came to America in 1821, after a tedious voyage of seven weeks on a sailing vessel, and located in Dearborn county. During their long and tedious voyage a fellow-passenger declared he would agree to eat the engine of the first steamer that ventured to cross the ocean, supposing that to be an titter impossibility, though Fulton's steamboat had been plying in the waters of the Hudson river for several years. Robert Haddock was a man of fine education and native ability as a teacher and in his day was a local preacher of considerable renown in the Methodist Episcopal church. To Mr. and Mrs. Cottingham there have been born the following children: Belle, wife of B. R. White, agent of the Canadian Pacific railway, and resides in Cincinnati; Daisy, wife of M. L. Rechenbach, residing at Harrison, 0.; Hattie, at home; and Clyde H., who lives in Cincinnati. Mrs. Cottingham died on Aug. 21, 1902. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 129 FRANCIS SWALLS, retired farmer and veterinary surgeon of Dearborn county, Ind., was born near London, England, May 6, 1822. His parents were George and Mary Swales, both natives of England. His father, after years of study, graduated in medicine, veterinary surgery and chemistry, and in his day was regarded as an authority on all questions relating to live stock. In 1831 the family came to America on a sailing vessel, the voyage lasting nine weeks. They landed in Canada and from that country came to the State of New York, later descending the Ohio river on a steamboat to Lawrenceburg, Incl. Locating in Harrison township, Dearborn county, the father there practiced medicine and followed farming until he met his death by drowning in the Whitewater river. Both parents were members of the Presbyterian church. Francis studied veterinary surgery under his father; learned both the cooper and blacksmithing trades, and followed these occupations for a time, when he bought eighty acres of land and bean farming. At one time he owned over 600 acres of improved land, but has given each of his children a farm. Since 1845 he has devoted the greater part of h:s time to the work of veterinary surgery, though in 1856 he put up a saw mill, which he operated for several years. Mr. Swales was married in 1845 to Miss Hannah Grubbs, a daughter of James Grubbs, and they had a family of four children: Sarah is now Mrs. Edward Judson; David is a farmer in Kansas; Fveline died as the wife of William Haddock ; and William has a farm, that his father gave him, near the village of Bright. He is also a veterinary surgeon, making the third generation of the family to follow that calling. Mr. Swales and his family are members of the Presbyterian church. In politics he is a Democrat of the Andrew Jackson type, and is one of the best informed men in his township. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and although past the age of four score still takes an interest in the work of the order. He is still hale and hearty for one of his age and believing that the laborer is worthy of his hire never asks his hired man to do unreasonable tasks. In this he shows the spirit of justice that has been his ruling motive through life, and which thas won for him the confidence and regard of his neighbors and acquaintances. I-9 130 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY THOMAS HARGITT, a farmer of Logan township, Dearborn county, Ind., was born in that county, Jan. 22, 1825, and is a descendant of one of the pioneer families. His father and grandfather, both of whom were named Thomas, were natives of Yorkshire, England. The father of the subject of this sketch came to this country in 182o and the grandfather came a year later with his family. They located in Dearborn county, where the elder Hargitt bought government land for himself and sons. His wife was a Miss Jarvis, a member of one of the old English families. Thomas Hargitt, the father of the subject, married Ann Sutton, nee Mason, whose husband died on the voyage to America. She was also a native of Yorkshire. Thomas Hargitt, the subject of the sketch, attended such schools as they had in those days and by self-study, by associating with educated people at every opportunity, secured a good, practical education. His early life was passed as a farm hand or at work in a saw mill. In 1850 he purchased forty acres of land and began farming. Three years later he sold that farm and bought seventy-two acres in Logan township, to which he has added fifty-eight acres. Starting from the log cabin he has today one of the best improved farms in the county, comfortable residence, good barns and outbuildings, all telling the story of his industry and prosperity. He was married on Sept. 8, 1850, to Mary Lynas. To this marriage there were born seven children. The eldest died young; Charles W. is now vice-president of the Syracuse university, Syracuse, N. Y. ; Sarah is the wife of John Bonham, a Dearborn county farmer; George is a cattle raiser in Kansas; Elmer is a farmer in Jackson county, Ind.; R. N. is engaged in teaching; Jane is the wife of Howard Liddle, a Methodist minister. Mrs. Hargitt died on Oct. 20, 1870, and Mr. Hargitt married a second time, the second wife being Mrs. Sarah E. Dunn, nee Sweet, a daughter of W. P. Sweet of Butler county, O., and the widow of Dr. John G. Dunn, who died in 1885. By the second marriage his children are: Victor B., a graduate of Moore's Hill college and a minister of the Methodist church. In August, 1904, he started for India as a missionary. Romania, married and now living in Kansas City, Mo. Mr. and Mrs. Hargitt are both members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and for twenty- MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 131 five years he has been superintendent of the Sunday school. In politics he is a Republican and is in every way a model citizen. JAMES BOWTON, a well known farmer of Miller township, Dearborn county, Ind., was born in that township, Aug. ig, 184.4, his parents being Charles and Nancy (Craig) Bowton. The paternal grandfather, Mack Bowton, came to the United States, with his family, consisting of a wife, four sons and one daughter, in 1832. He located in Dearborn county, where he bought a tract of wild land, which he improved and cultivated, and there lived the life common to the pioneers of Southern Indiana. He was a cabinet maker by trade and died at the age of thirty-five years of cholera. All the boys had to make their own way in the world and at the age of nineteen Charles Bowton, the father of James, left home and began life for himself. First he rented land for a few years, then bought 350 acres of his own. Later he bought land in the State of Ihinois awl at the time of his death owned about 500 acres in the two states. Two of his brothers still live in Illinois. Charles and Nancy Bowton had a family of five children: James, Mary J., Sarah, Elizabeth and W. W. Sarah and Elizabeth are deceased. The others are all married and are useful members of society. The father died July 15, 1902, his wife having passed away in 1888. Both were members of the Presbyterian church. James Bowton lived at home with his parents until he reached the age of thirty years, when he took charge of 100 acres of land, formerly belonging to his father, and to this he has added 50 acres more, giving him one of the best improved farms in the county. He carries on a general farming business and is regarded as one of the progressive men of his township. In politics he has followed in the footsteps of his honored father and is a Democrat. He keeps informed on the questions of the hour and votes intelligently on whatever proposition may be submitted to the electors of the country. He was married in 1875 to Miss Ella Reese, a daughter of Jacob and Barbara Reese of Dearborn county. To this union there have been born two children: Reese C., aged twenty-eight, and Elma T., who died in 1903 at the age of twenty-four. Both were well educated, the daughter Being proficient in music, and the son has taught in the public schools. Mr. Bowton is a self-made man and all his success has come through his industry, his intelligence, and his habit of keeping fully in touch with the progress of the world, which enables him to take advantage of any emergency that is likely to arise. 132 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY CHARLES WHITFIELD NOWLIN, a farmer in Miller township, Dearborn county, Ind., was born near where he now lives, Sept. r6, 1855, and is the son of Silas and Martha (Hargitt) Nowlin. The father was born in Kentucky but came with his parents to Indiana when a small boy, grew to maturity in Dearborn county, and there passed his entire life as a farmer and flatboatman on the Ohio river, following the latter occupation for a number of years when he was a young man. After giving all his attention to farming he became quite successful, but met with reverses in later life. He was twice married and reared a family of seventeen children seven by his first and ten by his second wife—Charles W. being the fourth child by the second marriage. Both parents died in the spring of 1891, the father on March 26, and the mother on May 17. Charles W. Nowlin attended the common schools during his boyhood days, there receiving the major portion of his education. He remained on the fare: with his father until he was twenty-four years of age, when he bought the farm in Miller township where he now lives. This he has improved until he has one of the nicest and most productive farms in that part of the county. On Feb. 11, 1880, soon after purchasing this farm, he was married to Miss Anna Judd, a daughter of Orin and Mary J. (Cook) Judd, both natives of Dearborn county, where Mrs. Nowlin's grandfather, job Judd, was one of the pioneers. Mr. and Mrs. Nowlin have four children: Guy L., Born on Nov. it, 1881, is now married, his wife having been Maude Boxell; Lulu B., born April iq, 1884; Clinton Otis, born Dec. 20, 1885; and Eva L., born May 27, 1886. The three Younger children are at home with their parents. All have good educations and Eva is proficient in music. Both parents are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Nowlin believes in the farther having some of the good things of this life as well as his city cousins. He has therefore managed to have many of the modern conveniences introduced into his home. He lives on one of the rural free delivery mail routes, giving him an opportunity, which he is not slow to improve, to read the daily papers and thus keep in touch with the outside world. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 133 ROBERT DUCK (deceased), formerly a prominent citizen of Dearborn county, Ind., was born in Lancashire, England, Dec. 11, 1827. His father, whose name was also Robert, was a wealthy farmer of Lancashire. In 1829 he came with his wife and son to America; located at first at Cincinnati, but after six months they came to Dearborn county- and bought a farm of one hundred and sixty acres in Miller township. Here he improved his farm until it was the best in the neighborhood, and died there in 1841. Robert took charge of the farm after the death of his father, although but fourteen years old, and continued to manage it until 1862, when he removed to Lawrenceburg and embarked in the grocery and ice business, which he continued for several years. He then retired to his summer home, two and a half miles from Lawrenceburg, and lived there for some time when he again took up his residence in the city and died there in 1887. On April 2, 1860, he was married to Catherine Ann, daughter of David and Catherine (Balte) Perine, of Yorkville, Dearborn county. Her father was a native of New York and her mother of New Jersey. Robert and Catherine Duck had four children, all daughters, viz.: Jennie h., Nettie A., Ella May, and Lilly Belle. All received good educations by governess and later in the Lawrenceburg schools, Nettie being a graduate of the high school. They were all somewhat proficient and Jennie, who is the only one now living, studied art. In his day Robert Duck was considered one of the substantial men of his county. In politics he was a Democrat and he and his wife were both members of the .Methodist Episcopal church. She died June 22, 1903, and her death was sincerely mourned by a large circle of friends. FREDERICK J. WALDO, editor and proprietor of the Rising Sun Recorder, Rising Sun, Ind., was born at Vevay, Switzerland county, of that state, Jan. 25, 1831. He is son of Otis and Sarah (Smith) Waldo, the former a native of Ohio and the latter of New York. The Waldos originally came from England. Otis Waldo was a son of Frederick Waldo, of Connecticut, and in 1814 the father and son both cane to Indiana, located at Vevay, where they ran a general store for a number of years. Two years later the maternal grandparents located in the same neighborhood. Otis and Sarah Waldo had three children. Otis S., deceased; Frederick J., the subject of this sketch; and Lois, who died in infancy. After attending the common schools until he was fourteen wars old Frederick was apprenticed to the printers' trade at Vevav, and from that time he has been connected 134 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY with the newspaper business, in almost every capacity from "devil" to editor and proprietor. In 1853, when he was but twenty-two years of age, he bought the Ohio Valley Gazette, at Vevay, and changed the name to that of the Vevay Reveille, which it has ever since retained. Mr. Waldo continued to conduct this publication for ten years, when he sold out and was postmaster at Vevay for over two years. He was then for six years assistant assessor of internal revenue at Vevay. In 1873 he came to Rising Sun and bought the Recorder, of which he is still the owner and manager. Ever since he became a voter Mr. Waldo has been a consistent and intelligent Republican. His paper has always stood up for the principles of his party. A half century has elapsed since he made his first venture into the field of journalism and he is today one of the oldest and best known newspaper men in Southern Indiana. In 1852 Mr. Waldo led to the altar Miss Martha, daughter of Benjamin and Margaret Egelston, of Covington, Ky. Her father was a farmer in early life but later removed to the city of Covington, Ky., where for years he held the office of justice of the peace. Mr. and Mrs. Waldo have had born to them ten children, viz.: Emerson G., now associated with his father in business ; John F., deceased; Martha; Io, deceased; William W. ; Otis B.; Sarah; Jessie: Mary and Margaret F., both of whom died in infancy. All the boys are practical printers. Both parents and all the children are members of the Universalist church. W. P. NEWMAN, of Ironton, Ohio, proprietor of the Great American Water Shows, was born at Ironton, March 27, 1872. For many years his father was engaged in the business of operating a saw mill, but now lives retired. He reared a family of seven children, the subject being the fifth. At the age of fourteen the subject of this sketch left home, having acquired a high school education, and for a while trimmed windows in stores, flower wagons, etc., in different cities. He then engaged in the dry goods business at New Martinsville, W. Va., for about eighteen months, but sold out his business there and in 1901 built and equipped the traveling exhibition of which he is still proprietor and manager. His outfit consists of a large Barge, covered with a tent and containing two circus rings and seats for two thousand people. This barge is towed from place to place by a steamboat, the show exhibiting at all the principal towns on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. Mr. Newman carries with his show forty-two people, nineteen trained ponies, twenty-two acting dogs, and in 1904 bought out the W. W. Colshaw circus. He is the pioneer in the water show MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 135 business and has the only circus traveling by and giving exhibitions on the water. Wherever he has been his show has been well received and he is laying the foundation for a fortune and a reputation as great as that of P. T. Barnum. Many of the river towns have no railroad connection, and this gives him practically a monopoly of the show business in a profitable field. But Mr. Newman aims to retain that monopoly by the excellence and high toned character of his performances. He trains all his animals himself and in his shows can be seen many features not to he found elsewhere. On Nov. 25, 1896, Mr. Newman was united in marriage to Miss Carrie Haller, of Bucyrus, O. She is a lady of many attainments and travels with her husband as the cashier of the shows. JAMES W. CORSON, auditor of Ohio county, Rising Sun, Ind., was born in that county, Oct. 18, 1877, his parents being John K. and Sarah E. (Pate) Corson, both natives of Ohio county. The paternal great-grandfather came with his family from Massachusetts to Indiana at an early day, settled in Ohio county, where he bought a place and lived there until his death. The grandfather, Albert Corson, continued to live on the place until the flood of 1840, when they were drowned out. In trying to save their effects the father of James came near losing his life by falling from the raft into the water, he being an infant at the time. All their household goods were lost and they had to start over again. But Albert Corson was a man of great pluck and industry and at the time of his death was worth several thousand dollars. John K. Corson grew tip in Ohio county; followed farming and has been engaged in various other business enterprises; owns property at Indianapolis, Marion, Ind., and other places; served as a member of the city council ; prominent in Masonry and Odd Fellowship, having taken all the degrees in the latter order; also a member of the Methodist church, to which his wife, who died Oct. 6, 1899, also belonged, and now lives a retired life at Rising Sun. The maternal grandparents were Peter S. and Elizabeth (Crandall) Pate, and the great-grandfather, George B. Pate came to Ohio county in 1818, fording the Ohio river with his teams; bought 400 acres of wild land and built one of the first stone houses in the county. He owned 500 acres of land at the time of his death, which land is st 11 owned by his great-grandchildren. Peter S. Pate died in 1880, owning 700 acres and was estimated to be worth $25,000. In his time he held several local offices and was prominent in the affairs of his township and county. He helped to start the national bank at Rising Sun, was 136 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY elected the first president, and at the time of his death owned two-fifths of the capital stock. John K. and Sarah E. Corson had a family of four children: John P. married Marion Hunt and is now manager of the home farm. For awhile he lived in Indianapolis, where he was assistant secretary of the board of trade, and later was in the wall paper business in that city for five years. James W. is the subject of this sketch; Albert T. is a dentist in Indianapolis, in the office formerly occupied by his brother, and Elizabeth is at home with her father. James W. Corson received a high school education at Rising Sun; entered the Indiana dental college at Indianapolis in 1896 and graduated in 1899; took charge of a dental office in Indianapolis the fall before he graduated ; practiced there until rc of : turned over the office to his brother Albert and came to Rising Sun to look after his father's interests there while the latter was in California; elected auditor in the fall of 19o2 and took the office Jan. 1, 19o4. Mr. Corson has always taken an active interest in political affairs and is one of the leading Democrats of his county. He is prominent in Odd Fellowship, being a member of Capital Lodge, No. 124; Metropolitan Encampment, No. 5; and Olive Branch Lodge, No. io, Daughters of Rebekah. In Masonry he is a member of Rising Sun Lodge, No. 6; Aurora Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, No. 13; Aurora Commandery, Knights Templars ; and the Indianapolis Consistory of the Scottish Rite. He is always active in lodge work and is a popular member of the different bodies named. Mr. Corson was married, Nov. 7, 1900, to Miss Annie Carson, at Indianapolis. She is a daughter of Aquilla Carson of Dearborn county and was attending business college at the time of her marriage. -Mr. and Mrs. Corson are members of the Methodist church and are identified with the social life of Rising Sun. WYMOND G. SINK, recorder of Ohio county, Rising Sun, Ind., is a descendant of some of the pioneer families of that section of the state. His paternal grandfather, Bright Sink, was a farmer and road builder there in an early day. Later he went South and there he passed the remainder of his days. The paternal grandfather was William Loder, one of the first physicians in Rising Sun, but afterward went to Indianapolis, where he married Sophronia Fisher, a native of that city, though her parents came from Stafford, Vt. William Sink, the father of Wymond, married Rebecca Loder and lived in Rising, Sun, where he was prominent in politics as a Republican, serving as city marshal for some time, and was also well known in Odd Fellowship. He died at Rising Sun in August, 1898. His widow still MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 137 lives in Rising Sun. They had four children : Rebecca married Charles Berkshire, a Kentucky farmer; Jennie married Alfred Neal and lives in Rising Sun; Daisy is at home with her mother, and Wymond is the subject of this sketch. He was born at Rising Sun, April 20, 1879. and lived in his native town, until 1896, obtaining an education in the public schools. He then went to Chicago, where he learned the trade of sign painter, and was for two years with the R. J. Gunning company, traveling over the country and painting advertising signs. In that time he visited every state in the Union and Canada. After leaving this company Mr. Sink was for a short time in the employ of the Illinois Central Railroad Company. On July 20, 1899, he enlisted in the United States hospital corps and served three years in China and the Philippines, being discharged as a hospital steward. In August, 1902, he came back to Rising Sun and at the election in November of that year was elected recorder of the county, taking the office on the first of January, 1903, for a term of four years. Mr. Sink is a Democrat politically and is a member of East Bend Lodge, No. 114, Knights of Pythias. HENRY RUMP, better known as "Harry," sheriff of Ohio county, Rising Sun, Ind., was born in that county, Sept. 1, 1873, and is a son of Henry and Clara (Selmire) Rump, the former a native of Dearborn county, Ind., and the latter of Germany. The paternal grandfather, Frederick Rump, came from Germany at an early date and settled in Dearborn county, where he followed farming all his life. There his son Henry grew to manhood, married Clara Sclmire, and in 1863 removed to Ohio county, where he bought a farm of about ioo acres and reared a family of twelve children, three of whom are now dead. Of the nine living children all but one are marred and have comfortable homes. All the children received a good education. Henry attended the common schools until he was about sixteen years of age, when he left school and learned the blacksmith trade. Later he bought a small farm near Rising Sun, where he combined farm work with his trade. From the time he became a voter Mr. Rump has taken an active part in political affairs as a Democrat, always standing ready to help his party to win a victory. In 1902 he received the nomination of his party for the office of sheriff, was triumphantly elected the following November, and took the office on the first clay of January, 1904. Mr. Rump's name will no clown in history as the sheriff connected with the famous "Gillespie case," one of the most noted murder trials of Ohio county, and in fact of the state. In that case Mr. Rump won the appro- 138 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY bation of the bench, bar, jury and spectators by his careful attention to his duty, and his readiness to minister to the comfort of the court, the attorneys and the visitors to the court room during the long and somewhat tedious trial. He is a Knight of Pythias, which is the only fraternal organization to claim his membership. Mr. Rump was married on May 8, 1895, to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Ernest Detner, of Ohio county. Like her husband, Mrs. Rump is of German extraction. They have one son, Paul H., born Dec. 3, 1898. Both Mr. and Mrs. Rump are members of the German Reformed church. HOWARD J. NORTH, clerk of the circuit court of Ohio county, Rising Sun, Ind., was born in that county, May 24, 1871. He is a son of Ernest C. and Tobitha E.. North, the former a native of Switzerland and the latter of Ohio county, Ind. The Norths are of English extraction. Royal North, the grandfather of Howard, came from New York to Indiana at an early date and settled in Switzerland county, where he followed farming until his death. Ernest North lived in Switzerland county until after his marriage, when he removed to Ohio county and embarked in the produce business at North's Landing. When the Civil war broke out he enlisted in Company C, Eighty-third Indiana infantry, as a corporal and served through the war. He was wounded in action three times and for his gallant conduct was promoted to the position of first lieutenant. He is still 1iv:ng, takes an active interest in politics as a Republican of the old school and in the affairs of the Grand Army of the Republic, of which he is an honored member. Ernest and Tobitha North had a family of two children : Nellie A. graduated from the Rising Sun high school, attended the State normal at Terre Haute, and has been a teacher for eleven years. She lives at home. Howard also received a high school education and took up the work of a teacher, but after one term in Kentucky and three in his native county he turned his attention to other lines of employment. In 1898 he was nominated by the Republicans of his county for the office of clerk and was elected, taking the office in i9oo for a term of four years. He is a member of the Sons of Veterans, the Modern Woodmen, and the Knights of Pythias, and has held all the offices in the different lodges to which he belongs. Mr. North has a farm of about seventy acres three miles from Rising Sun. This he rents out while he is in the clerk's office, and as an evidence of his progressive notions it is worth noticing that he has this farm connected with the outside world by telephone, thus keeping in touch with his tenant and giving the latter the advantages of such an arrangement. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 139 ANDREW WALLACE DARLING, postmaster at Carrollton, Ky., was born in that city Nov. 29, 1864. He is of Scotch descent, his grandfather, Thomas Darling, having been born in the county of Haddington, or East Lothian, a few miles east of the city of Edinburg, and there grew to manhood. He married Jannet Wallace, whose ancestry can be traced back to Robert Bruce. In 1819 they came to the United States with their family, consisting of five sons and two daughters, viz.: Thomas, Adam, Andrew W., William, James, Isabella, and Jane, and settled in Wood county, in what is now West Virginia. Andrew W. Darling, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born near Edinburg, Scotland, Aug. 12, 1816, and was therefore but three years of age when his parents came to this country. He was naturalized with his father and brothers in Wood county in 1829, and while still a mere boy worked as time keeper on the first railroad that was built west of the Alleghany Mountains. In 1834, in company with his two brothers, Thomas and Adam, he went to Kentucky and assisted in building Cedar lock on the Kentucky river. After this he was for some time engaged in flatboating on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. He then bought a farm in Carroll county and started the Darling distillery. He sold his interest in this concern before his death and spent the last years of his life in retirement. He married Eliza J. Troutman, a daughter of Peter and Katherine (Giltner) Troutman, the former born near Hagerstown, Md., and the latter in Bourbon county, Ky. Katherine •Giltner's ancestry can be traced back to William, King of Holland. The children of Peter and Katherine Troutman were Elijah, Frank, Jacob, Barney, Thomas, John, Mary A. F., Eliza J., Nancy, and Katherine. Eliza J., the mother of the subject, was born in Bourbon county, Ky., Nov. 12, 3826, and now resides in Carrollton. Andrew W. Darling, the subject of this sketch, is one of eight children born to his father's second marriage, two children having been born to a previous union. He was educated in the public schools and after passing through the high school attended for some time the State university at Lexington. Upon leaving school he started life as a grocer's clerk. In 1886 he entered the employ of the Carrollton Furniture Manufacturing Company and a year later became a traveling salesman for the company. He remained on the road until 1895, when he resigned his position to engage in other pursuits. Always an active Republican he found favor with the national administration and in 1902 was appointed postmaster. In this position his long business training as a traveling salesman and his general qualities as a 140 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY mixer have made him a popular and efficient official. He has introduced numerous little reforms in the service that have met the approval of the public and which have facilitated the handling of mails, giving better service to the patrons of the office. Mr. Darling is a Knight of Pythias and a Royal Arch Mason. In both orders he is popular because of his genial disposition and his readiness to assist in every worthy charity undertaken by his lodges. He lives at home in Carrollton, with his mother, one brother and two sisters. WILLIAM O. PROTSHAN, postmaster at Vevay, Ind., and one of the Republican leaders in Switzerland county, was born at Moorefield, in that county, April 2, 1875. His parents, W. and Lottie A. (Ogle) Protsman, were both natives of the county. The paternal grandfather was named William, and the great-grandfather, John Protsman, came from Maryland in a very early day, being one of the first settlers in Switzerland county. On the maternal side the grandparents were Iliram and Charlotte (Tague) Ogle, both of whom were born in the county. The great-grandfather on this side as Hiram Ogle. who came from Maryland in 1808, though he was a native of Virginia. He built the first jail in Switzerland county, and was the first mail carrier between Vevay and Versailles. John W. and Lottie A. Protsman had four children : William is the subject of this sketch ; Edward died at the age of seven years Grace married Festus Flinn and lives at Georgetown, Ky. ; and Mabel is at home. William received a high school education and for three years taught in the common schools. He was then in agricultural pursuits until 1902, when the Vevay Reveille company, which had been formed the preceding year, elected him secretary and treasurer. This company had purchased the Vevay Reveille, one of the oldest newspapers in Southern Indiana, of W. J. Baird, who had conducted it for thirty-eight years. Since taking charge of the paper in 1902 Mr. Protsman has doubled the circulation and made the paper more aggressive in its political sentiments, as well as more complete in its news departments. Ever since he attained his majority Mr. Protsman has been an earnest and active Republican. In 1900 he was chosen chairman of the county central committee, and although he was but twenty-five years of age he MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER VALLEY - 141 demonstrated in that campaign his ability as an organizer and a political strategist. During the legislative session of 19oi he was a clerk in the Indiana state senate, and on Feb. 4, 1902, he assumed the duties of postmaster at Vevay. Mr. Protsman is a member of the Vevay Lodge, No. 149, Knights of Pythias, and Switzerland Lodge, No. 122, Free and Accepted Masons. He was married, Feb. 18, 1896, to Miss Leo C., daughter of Albert G. Bakes, a well known Switzerland county farmer, and they have two children : Helen, born April 24, 1897, and Merriam, born Oct. 27, 1899. Mr. Protsman occupies one of the coziest homes in Vcvav and he and his estimable wife are prominent in the social life of the little city. ANDREW J. BRUCE, clerk of Carroll county, Carrollton, Ky., was born at Warsaw, Gallatin county, of that state, Dec. 7, 1842, and is a son of Henry and Sarah (Jackson) Bruce. His father was born at Aurora, Ind., and was a son of Henry Bruce, who came from Virginia in the early part of the nineteenth century, being one of the first three white men to settle at Aurora. Andrew's father grew to manhood at Aurora, but removed to Gallatin countY, Ky., in 1835 to take charge of the farm formerly owned by his father-in-law. He continued to live on this farm until r8po, when he sold out and came to Carrollton, where he died in 1892. His wife died in 1886. Be was a Baptist and she was a member of the Christian church. They had a family of six boys and four girls, of which Andrew was the third child and the eldest son. Andrew obtained a good education ill the public schools and by self-study. He commenced teaching at the age of eighteen and followed that occupation until 1884. He was in love with his work and was one of the most successful teachers in Kentucky, as may be seen from the fact that he taught for twelve years in one precinct. In i88o he came to Carroll county, which has ever since been his home. In 1867, while living in Gallatin county, he was elected county assessor and held the office for two terms. In 1892 he went into the marble business, in which he was successful, at the same time taking an active part in shaping the affairs of the Democratic party, as he had done ever since becoming a voter. His activity in this line and his well established qualifications marked him out as a suitable candidate for the office of county clerk, and in 1897 he was nominated and elected, taking the office the following year. In 1902 he was again elected by a handsome majority, attesting his popularity and efficiency. Mr. Bruce was married on June 14, 1804, to Felicia C. Hopwood, nee McGee, a 142 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY native of Trimble county, Ky. To this union there have been born two children: Hester, born Aug. 27, 1896, and Jessie, born April 28, 1898. The latter died in August, 1900. Mr. and Mrs. Bruce are both members of the Christian church and take a commendable interest in its good works. FRANK H. GAINES, M.D., a well known physician and surgeon of Carrollton, Ky., was born in Washington county, Va., Nov. 4, 1834. His father was Samuel Dalton Gaines, a son of Ambrose and Mary (Moore) Gaines. Ambrose Gaines was a soldier in the American army during the Revolutionary war, and was a cousin to Gen. Edmund P. Gaines who was connected with the arrest of Aaron Burr, and who rose to the rank of brigadier-general in the war of 1812. Mary Moore, Dr. Gaines' grandmother, was a sister to Gabriel Moore, who was the fifth governor of Alabama after its admission as a state. After the Revolution Ambrose Gaines settled in Tennessee, where for many years he followed the profession of teaching. On the other side Dr. Gaines' mother, whose maiden name was Sarah E. Gaines, was a daughter of James, a veteran of the Revolution and a brother to Gen. Edmund P. Gaines above mentioned. Among the relics of the Revolutionary period in the possession of James Gaines was the Jacob's staff used by George Washington while surveying. Samuel Dalton Gaines grew to manhood in Tennessee, inherited the old homestead, and was for many years a minister of the Methodist church. After the war he went to Arkansas and later came to Kentucky. He died at Bristol, Tenn., while on a visit, Nov. 20, 1887. His wife died May 4, 1878. Both were members of the Methodist church. Dr. F. H. Gaines is the eldest in a family of nine children. Elizabeth is now Mrs. J. H. Dorman, of Owenton, Ky.; Margaret is the widow of John Grace and lives in Arkansas; one of her sons, Frank, grew up in the family of Dr. Gaines and is now a physician in Alabama; Letitia died as the wife of Lot. Pence; Sarah married Dr. N. C. Brown, of Ghent, Ky., and died as his wife; Ambrose died at the age of fourteen years; John still lives in Kentucky; Fannie is deceased; George is a graduate of the Louisville Medical college and engaged in practice at Milton, Ky. After obtaining a common school education in Virginia Dr. F. H. Gaines attended high school at Blountsville, Tenn.; read medicine under one of the leading physicians there; took a course of lectures at Louisville; graduated from the Nashville university in 1855; received the degree of M. D. from Jefferson Medical college of Philadelphia in 1861, and took a MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 143 post-graduate course at Bellevue Hospital college in New York in 1880. During the war he served four years as surgeon of a battalion in the Third Tennessee cavalry, being engaged in active service the whole time. After the war he located in Gallatin county, Ky.; removed to Ghent in 1869; practiced there until 1888, when he removed to Carrollton. He is a member and ex-president of the Carroll County Medical society, the American, the Kentucky State and the Mississippi Valley Medical associations. Dr. Gaines was married on Oct. 15, 1856, to Elmira, daughter of John and Harriet (Rice) McFarland, the former a native of Tennessee and the latter of Connecticut. They were married at Marble Hall near Rodgersville, Tenn. Mrs. Gaines died in 1881 and the following year Dr. Gaines married Mrs. Priscilla Fisher, nee Linsley, a daughter of Gen. Jesse Linsley who came from Virginia to Kentucky in pioneer days. Dr. Gaines has had eight children. Lillian M. is deceased; S. Fisher married W. T. Sebree and resides in Carrollton; Harriet is the wife of L. G. Lawrence of Chicago; Roxanna died in infancy; Francis died young; Frank McFarland, born Jan. 30, 1870, is associated with his father in the practice of medicine; Samuel Sherman is in business in Louisville. Dr. Frank M. Gaines is one of the rising young physicians of Carroll and adjoining counties. He graduated from the Kentucky School of Medicine, at Louisville, in 1893, and since then has been associated with his father, profiting by his long experience and assisting him in the large practice that they enjoy. He is a member of the Carroll County, Kentucky State, and Eagle Valley Medical societies. The elder doctor is a member of the Masonic fraternity and the Odd Fellows, and the son belongs to the Knights of Pythias and is a Royal Arch Mason. The father and all his sons are unswerving Democrats, and all the family belong to the Christian church. Frank M. Gaines married Daisy B. Jemison, of Henry county, Ky. JOSEPH S. LEHMANN, M.D., a prominent homeopathic physician of Carrollton, Ky. was born at Mithvay, Woodford county, in that state, and is a son of David W. and Elizabeth (Marsh) Lehmann, the former a native of Wurtemberg, Germany, and the latter of New York City. David Lehmann came to the United States with his two brothers, William and John, and for a time they remained in the city of New York. Later William went to Florida and John to Georgia. David was a cabinet maker in his early life. After leaving New York he came to Kentucky, settling first at Lexington and later at Midway, where he embarked in the furniture and undertaking business. 144 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY Subsequently he took two of his sons into partnership, under the firm name of D. Lehmann & Sons, and added lumber to his trade. David and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church, and he and all of his sons are Democrats. There were seven children in the family. John died in infancy; Alice married F. D. Carpenter and resides at Lexington; Annie married John Freml and also lives in Lexington; David lives at Midway and is a traveling salesman for the Springfield Coffin and Casket Company; William and Harris are associated with their father in business at Midway; and Joseph is the subject of this sketch. All the children attended the private academy of Prof. J. R. Hammond. After attending this school Doctor Lehmann spent one year in the Central university, at Richmond, Ky. In 1894 he entered the Cleveland Medical college and graduated in 1896. For a year he practiced at Lexington, after which he located at Carrollton, where he has built up a lucrative business and ranks high as a physician. He possesses to a large degree that analytical turn of mind, that love for patient research and ambition to succeed that has made the physicians of Germany the greatest on earth. Less than a decade has elapsed since he received his degree vet these traits of character have won for him a name in the medical profession and the future holds out bright prospects for greater achievements. COL. FRANK P. SEBREE, planter, stock dealer, tobacco buyer, and a prominent Democrat of Carroll county, Ky., was born near Ghent in that county, Dec. 16, 1856. For more than a century his family have been identified with Kentucky, its growth, its development, and its politics. In the latter part of the eighteenth century his paternal grandfather came from Virginia and settled near Frankfort. There Richard W. Sebree, the father of Colonel Sebree, was born in 1799. Before attaining his majority he was interested in keelboating on the Kentucky river, conveying hay from Carrollton to Frankfort. In 1833 he went to Owen county and in 1847 he came to Carroll, locating near Ghent, where he passed the remainder of his life as a successful farmer. He was a first cousin to Col. Dick Johnson, so well known in the annals of Kentucky. Richard W. Sebree married Emily Poindexter, and to this union were born ten children, nine of whom lived to maturity. Frank is the youngest of the seven sons. He received a high school education and when he was nineteen years of age the farm was turned over to his management. In 1888 he went to Louisville, where for ten years he was a familiar figure in the tobacco market, buying and rehandling, and in MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 145 which he was successful because of his keen foresight and untiring industry. Coming back to Carroll county in 1898, he bought a farm of 22o acres, on the west side of the Kentucky river, within half a mile of Carrollton. His farm is about equally divided between valley and hill lands and is nearly all in a high state of cultivation. Fine buildings add to its appearance and the whole place bears witness to the thrift of its owner. In politics Colonel Sebree has followed in the footsteps of his worthy sire and is a potent factor in the councils of the Democratic party. Imbued with the righteousness of that fundamental principle of Democracy—"majority rule"—he is always found working for its advancement and perpetuation. He was a personal friend and an ardent supporter of the late lamented Governor Goebel, and in June, 1900, he was appointed on the staff of Governor Beckham with the rank of colonel. This appointment was an act of wisdom on the part of the governor and was duly appreciated by Colonel Sebree's many friends. In 1904 Colonel Sebree was nominated for representative to the state legislature by the Democracy of Carroll county, another evidence of the esteem in which he is held by his fellow citizens. He is prominent in Masonic circles, being a member of the lodge at Worthville and the Royal Arch Chapter at Ghent. Colonel Sebree was married on Oct. 1, 1881, to Miss Susan P., daughter of George P. and Maria Gullion, of Carrollton. Mr. and Mrs. Sebree have two daughters, Frankic and Ruth Lester. Both parents are members of the Baptist church, to the good work of which Colonel Sebree is a liberal contributor. RALPH M. BARKER, one of the leading citizens of Carrollton, Ky., was born at Covington in that state, Nov. 22, 1875, and is a son of M. I. and Virginia A. (Clark) Barker, the former born at Penn Yan, N. Y., and the latter in the city of Philadelphia, Pa. They were married in St. Louis; removed to Cincinnati in 1876; and in 1879 the father built the first tobacco factory in Carrollton. After several years in the tobacco business, during which he was the largest broker in that staple in Cincinnati, he came to Carroll county, where he has ever since been engaged in that business. He also bought a fine farm, erected the finest farm house in the county and turned his attention to raising fine horses. Among the fast horses bred and reared at the Barker farm may he mentioned Navy Bean, 2:11 1/2 ; Nellie B., 2:14 1/2 ; Gentry's Treasure, 2:10, and a host of others. In this work Ralph has been intimately associated with his father and is one of the best trainers in the country. He knows all about pedigrees and under- I-10 146 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY stands all the intricate points in the combinations of blood to produce the best possible horse. In 1898 Ralph M. Barker secured a franchise and built telephone lines connecting Carrollton with all the surrounding towns and cities, using about five hundred miles of wire for the purpose and giving the people of these towns and cities an excellent local service. In 1903 he sold out his telephone interests and built the canning factory at Carrollton, which gives the farmers a home market for their fruits and vegetables at the best possible prices. He also built and equipped a steam laundry and in 1904 organized the firm of R. M. Barker & Co., wholesale liquor dealers. He is also treasurer of the Barker Packing Company; secretary of the Carrollton & Prestonville Bridge Company; director in both the above corporations and also in the Ohio Valley Traction Company. The name of Richlawn stock farm, of which Mr. Barker is the proprietor, is becoming known to horsemen all over the country, for the excellent stock that has been bred there, and it is in this enterprise that Mr. Barker finds his greatest delight. In all his business undertakings Mr. Barker has been guided by quick decision, cool judgment, undaunted courage, confidence in his ability, firmness, and above all an unflinching honesty and a strict adherence to correct business principles. While he has worked for his own financial benefit he has not been unmindful of the public welfare, and Carroll county can boast no more public spirited citizen, no one more interested in the general prosperity than Ralph M. Barker. In political matters he is actuated by the desire to promote the public weal and votes for the man that his judgment leads him to believe is the best for the place. Consequently he is not wedded to his party idols but exercises the right of suffrage as a freeman should—candidly, fearlessly and intelligently. Mr. Barker was elected mayor of Carrollton in 1901, more upon his merits as a man than upon his record as a politician. Under his administration the interests of the city were guarded with the same care and the same success that direct and attend his private business. In fraternal circles he is a member of Louisville Lodge, No. 8, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. On Dec. 14, 1899, Mr. Barker was united in marriage to Miss Nellie Gill Long, a daughter of Capt. E. E. and Kate Gill Long, of Vevay, Ind. Her father is a well known steamboat captain. Mr. and Mrs. Barker have one son: M. I., born June ig, igoi. Mrs. Barker is a member of the Presbyterian church. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 147 CAPT. ALBERT N. JETT, United States storekeeper, residing at Carrollton, Ky., was born in Carroll county, Ky., Oct. 27, 1840, his parents being R. H. V. and Elizabeth (Bradley) Jett, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Delaware. William Jett, his grandfather, was a member of one of the old Virginia families, came to Kentucky in the early teens and located in Carroll county. R. H. V., the father of Albert N. Jett, moved to Carrollton, in 1844. In politics he was, until 1860, an Old Line Whig and upon the nomination of Abraham Lincoln for President, he espoused that cause, remaining a Republican until his death, which was in 1872. Of the ten children born to the parents of Albert N. Jett, William is dead; Mary Jane married and is now a widow; Richard Henry is a planter and merchant in Gregory, Ark.; Kate is the wife of William Langstaff of Indianapolis, Ind.; John B. served in the Union army in the Thirtieth Kentucky infantry and died in 1881 ; Albert N. is the subject of this sketch. Joseph S. Jett is a distiller in Peoria, Ill.; a second son, named William, died in 1847; James F. and Joseph S. Jett are the proprietors of the Richland distillery, the opera house, and several other large interests in Carrollton; and George W. is engaged at Jett Bros.' distillery. All received good educations and became good, useful citizens. In September, 1861, at the age of twenty, Albers N. Jett and his brother, Joseph S., enlisted in the Federal army in Company K, Thirteenth Kentucky volunteer infantry. He was soon promoted from first duty sergeant to first lieutenant and when mustered out of service at Louisville, Ky., in January, 1865, he was captain of his company. During his service in the army, he was in some of the fiercest battles of the war, among them being Shiloh, Corinth, Iuka, and the operations in East Tennessee. He was wounded in the battle of Huff's Ferry near London, Tenn., and participated in many of the battles of the Atlanta campaign. After the war was over he returned to Carrollton. In 1867 he moved to Harrison county, Ky., where he was engaged as distiller until 1872, when he received the appointment of United States storekeeper, which he held until 1881, when he moved to Carrollton, and with his brothers, Joseph S., James F. and George W., built and operated a distillery until 1888. Then he and George W. sold their interest in the distillery to Joseph S. 148 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY and James F. Jett, at which time he was appointed deputy collector, which he held for one year, and was again appointed United States storekeeper, which he held until Cleveland's second term as president. He resigned in August, 1893, and again entered the distillery with his brothers, but in February, 1898, he again sold his interest in the distillery and accepted another appointment as United States storekeeper, which place he still holds and says that he will hold it until a Democratic president is elected or death removes him. Captain Jett is an uncompromising Republican and takes an active part with his party. He attends most all congressional and state conventions and as chairman of the Republican county committee helped to bring the party in Kentucky up to the election of a Republican governor and once to give her electoral vote to McKinley. He was married in 1867 to Miss Sarah B. Price, of Harrison county, Ky., and to this marriage were born the following children: Minnie C., wife of Charles E. Heinrich, of Cincinnati; John B., a resident of Harrison county, Ky.; Bettie M., now the wife of Charles Radcliff, of London, Ky.; Richard and Henry Mc., both of whom died in infancy. Mrs. Jett died in 1875 and Mr. Jett subsequently married Mary Morgan, of Covington, Ky. She died in 1889. To this second marriage there were born David H., now married and living in Carrollton; Grace F., at home; Mabel, wife of Ernest Lewellyn, county superintendent of schools of Carroll county, and Joseph at home. On Sept. 21, 1890, Captain Jett was married to his present wife, who was Miss Sallie B. Tate, of Bourbon county, Ky., this niarr'age taking place at Paris, Ky. The children of the third wife are Daisy, aged twelve years, and Katie, aged six, at home with their parents; and James F., the second child, who died in infancy. Captain Jett and his family have always been strong and consistent members of the Christian church. L. P. HOLZHAUER, government storekeeper and gauger, Newport, Ky., was born in that city in 1873. His father was a native of Wurtemberg, Germany, and his mother of Cincinnati. The father came to this country at the age of sixteen, located at Newport and there followed the vocation of druggist until his death in 1895, being one of the oldest and best known druggists in the city. The mother is still living in Newport. Of their four children L. P. is the subject of this sketch; Edna is the widow of Frank Meadowcroft and resides in Newport; Iona is Mrs. Milton S. Smith, of Newport; Clara is an actress, a graduate of the old Pike school, supported Edward Breeze in "Monte Cristo," and played an important MEMOIRS OF THE LONER OHIO VALLEY - 149 character in "Sky Farm." L. P. attended the public schools of his native city and before reaching the age of twenty years he graduated from the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy. He has followed the business of druggist all his life, most of the time with his father, though he was for three years in charge of the pharmaceutical manufactory of F. F. Ingham & Co., of Detroit, and has worked in Cleveland, Dayton, Piqua, and other Ohio cities. In 1904 he was appointed to his present position, for which he is eminently fitted by his thorough training in his private business. Mr. Holzhauer is an active Republican. He served five years on the Newport board of education, his father having previously served a similar length of time on the board, and both father and son made good records as members of that body. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows; the Junior Order of American Mechanics; the Improved Order of Red Men; and the Essenes. On New Year's day in 1894 he was married to Miss Florence, a daughter of John Winters of Newport. She is a graduate of the Newport high school and is a lady of fine attainments. They have one son, L. McKinley, born Sept. 6, 1901. WALTER KELLY, government storekeeper and gauger, Carrollton, Ky., was born in Boone county of that state, Feb. 2, 1867. He is a son of James P. and Lucinda (Cravens) Kelly, the former a native of Boone county, Ky., and the latter of Hamilton county, Ohio. The paternal grandfather, Jesse Kelly, was born at Lexington, Ky., was a brickmason and farmer and in his day was one of the prominent citizens of his community. The Kelly family has been one of the leading Southern families for several generations. James P. Kelly located in Boone county in his early manhood and there lived until his death in 1881, his widow surviving until 1897, when she passed to her eternal rest. Both belonged to the Universalist church. They had a family of thirteen children, eight of whom are still alive. `Walter is the ninth of the family. He received his primary education in the common schools, after which he took a commercial course in the Kentucky university, graduating in 1891. He then taught school for six terms, at the same time managing the farm formerly owned by his father. In 1899 he was appointed to his present position as gauger and storekeeper for the Sixth district of Kentucky, with headquarters in Carrollton, where he makes his home. Politically Mr. Kelly is a Republican who votes on rainy days as well as in clear weather. He is always true to his convictions and is ready to defend his political views, though he is by no means an "offensive partisan." He married