MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY PERSONAL AND GENEALOGICAL WITH PORTRAITS VOLUME I HON. MELVILLE EZRA INGALLS, president of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis railway, more popularly known as the "Bib Four," was born at Harrison, Me., Sept. 6, 1842, his parents being Ezra T. and Louisa Ingalls, descendants of that old New England stock whose industry, patriotism and inherent love of honesty havebeen such potent factors in moulding the character of American institutions. His youth was passed on his father's farm, and in attendance upon the common schools during the winter months. At the age of sixteen he was granted a teacher's certificate and from that time until he reached his majority he was engaged in the onerous labor of the country schoolmaster or in attending higher institutions of learning. After graduating from Bridgeton academy he entered Bowdoin college in 1860, but his finances running low he did not finish the course. In 1862 he entered the Harvard law school, from which he graduated the following year, receiving one of the prizes for a legal. essay. Shortly afterward he opened a law office at Gray, Me., but, the place being small, he decided to I-2 18 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY remove to a larger center of population, and in 1865 he located in the city of Boston, where he was associated with Judge Charles Levi Woodbury. Mr. Ingalls soon won the attention of bench, bar and the public in his new home, and in 1867 he was elected to the State senate. At the close of his term he declined a re-election and turned all his attention to his profession. About this time his successful management of several corporation cases attracted wide attention, and when, in 1871, the old Indianapolis, Cincinnati & Lafayette railroad became seriously involved he was requested by the stockholders to assume the management of its financial affairs. Notwithstanding the magnitude of the undertaking, Mr. Ingalls accepted the receivership and in a short time restored order out of chaos. He was then elected president of the company in recognition of his executive ability, but in 1876 the company was again confronted with bankruptcy and he was again appointed receiver. Four years later the company was reorganized under the name of the Cincinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis & Chicago railroad, Mr. Ingalls being elected to the presidency. Now began the real work of Mr. Ingalls' life—the -building up of a great railroad system. In 188q the interests of his company were consolidated with the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis railway (the old "Bee Line Route"), and the present name adopted. Mr. Ingalls was elected president of the new organization and has held the position ever since. The wonderful growth of the Big Four is clue in a large degree to his executive ability and foresight. Front about four hundred miles in 1889, the system at present comprises more than two thousand miles. Track, rolling-stock, roadbed and buildings have been improved, and few railway systems stand higher in the popular favor than the Big Four. Besides his interests in this company, Mr. Ingalls was president of the Kentucky Central from 1881 to 1883, and of the Chesapeake & Ohio from October, 1888, to January, 1900. In 1879 he was elected by the Cincinnati chamber of commerce one of the commissioners of the industrial expositions, and the following year was chosen president of the board. He was also instrumental in securing the fifty-three subscriptions, of one thousand dollars each, to build the art museum, and upon the death of the first president, Joseph Longworth, was chosen to succeed him. For some time he was president of the Cincinnati Commercial club, an organization limited to fifty of the city's leading business men, and having for its object the promotion of the commercial prosperity of the city. Mr. Ingalls is a member and president of the Unitarian church of Cincinnati, and as such is active in promoting all worthy movements tending, to better the moral and spiritual condition of the MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 19 masses. He is not narrow in his religious views, is liberal and charitable in the extreme, and is one of the most approachable men in the country. He is noted for his literary taste, and, although a busy man, he finds time to cultivate the acquaintance and association of scholars. On Jan. 19, 1867, Mr. Ingalls was united in marriage to Miss Abbie M. Stimson, of Gray, Me., and to this union have been born six children. The Ingalls home is the abode of happiness and social culture. JULIUS FLEISCHMANN was born at Riverside, Cincinnati, on June 8, 1872. His father, Charles Fleischmann, the well- known banker and manufacturer of corn- pressed yeast, which made the name internationally fatuous, was of Austrian ancestry. The family of his mother, who was a Miss Henriette Robertson, was of Scottish origin, settled in Germany. Mr. Fleischmann's early education was received in the public schools of Cincinnati, and the Franklin school, also of that city, from which he graduated. His first business experience was in the occupation of clerk in his father's house, which business was then as now conducted under the firm name of Fleischmann & Co. He familiarized himself with this vast business in such a thorough manner that in 1884 he became manager, which position he held up to the time of his father's death, in 1897, when, in conjunction with his brother, Max Fleischmann, he assumed control of all the various Fleischmann interests, among which may be enumerated the following, in the management of every one of which Mr. Fleischmann takes an active part, being president of the Union Grain and Hay Company, the Market National bank, the Security Savings bank and Safe Deposit Company, the Riverside Malting and Elevating Company, all of Cincinnati; Illinois Vinegar Manufacturing Company; the Fleischmann Manufacturing Company, of New York, and vice-president of the Cincinnati, Newport & Covington Street Railway Company. Aside from the numerous interests which engage his time, of which the foregoing are some of the most important, Mr. Fleischmann, withal, finds ample opportunity for social diversion and attention to public matters. In military affairs he has always taken the deepest interest, having served with distinction on the staff of William McKinley, when governor of Ohio. He also served in the same capacity under Governors 20 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY Bushnell and Nash. Politically, Mr. Fleischmann has affiliated with the Republican party since attaining his majority, but despite the consistency of his partisanship, a public-spirited recognition of his capacity for the high office to which he was elected on April 2, 1900, rallied to his support the conservative business element irrespective of political creeds. At the municipal election held in April, 1903, Mr. Fleischmann was re-elected mayor by the largest plurality ever given a candidate for that office. His administration during the four years of his incumbency in office has been such as to challenge universal admiration. His progressive ideas, his unquestioned executive ability, his breadth of mind and warmth of heart have earned for him popularity to a degree never before enjoyed by any mayor of Cincinnati. Mr. Fleischmann is a governor of the Queen City club, director of the Phoenix club, and member of the Commercial club, and the Riding club, of Cincinnati; the New York Yacht and the Atlantic Yacht clubs, of New York; a thirty-second degree Mason, an Elk, Cincinnati Lodge No. 5, and a Knight of Pythias. He has also been the recipient of many civic honors, a fact which is attributed to the ardent interest which he has taken in the city of Cincinnati and its progress. In yachting he takes a lively interest, as is witnessed by his ownership of the magnificent floating palace, "Hiawatha." Mr. Fleischmann was married on April 12, 1893, to Miss Lilly Ackerland, of Cincinnati, and three children have been born to them, Louise, Charles, and Julius Fleischmann, Jr. HON. HARRY L. GORDON, a prominent attorney and vice-mayor of the city of Cincinnati, O., was born in the picturesque little village of Metamora, Franklin county, Ind., Aug. 27, 1860. He is a son of M. B. and Sophia (Tracy) Gordon, the father being one of the leading farmers of the Whitewater valley until his death, which occurred in 1892. Harry L. Gordon was reared on his father's farm, assisting in the cultivation of the crops during summer and attending the public schools in the winter, until he was eighteen years of age. He there left his country home to attend college. After a season in the Normal college of Ladoga, Ind., he entered DePauw university at Greencastle, from which institution he was graduated with honors in 1882, receiving the degree of Ph. B. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 21 Three years later, after post-graduate work, he was honored with the degree of Master of Arts. He entered the law office of McDonald, Butler & Mason, one of the leading law firms of Indianapolis, Ind., in 1882, and remained in the office until 1887, being the chief clerk nearly all that time. In January, 1887, he went to Wichita, Kan., where he opened a law office and soon won a high standing at the bar. There he practiced successfully for ten years, and during that time filled several offices of trust and responsibility. For some time he was assistant prosecuting attorney of Sedgwick county, was then city attorney for Wichita, and in 1895 was elected a member of the Kansas state senate. In June, 1897, he removed to Cincinnati, where he became a member of the legal firm of Renner, Gordon & Renner and soon became well known in all the courts as one of the successful lawyers of the city. Subsequently he retired from this firm and established offices in the Union Trust Building, where he carries on a large and profitable law practice. Mr. Gordon is a Republican in his political affiliations and stands high in the councils of his party. In 1899 he was appointed to a place on the board of supervisors of Cincinnati, and the following year was made president of the board, a fitting recognition of the high order of his executive ability and his progressive ideas of municipal affairs. This position he continued to hold until April t, 1903. On June 26, 1902, he was appointed by Gov. George K. Nash to fill the vacancy in the office of lieutenant-governor caused by the resignation of Hon. Carl L. Nippert, and served until the expiration of the term in 1904, discharging the duties of the position with credit to himself and to the entire satisfaction of the people of Ohio. In April, 1903, he was elected vice-mayor and president of the council of the city of Cincinnati, which position he now holds. In all the official positions occupied by Mr. Gordon he has received the unqualified support of the better class of people because of his championship of law and order, public morality, education, and all those things that go to mark a community progressive and refined. In social life Mr. Gordon is a well-known figure, being a Scottish Rite Mason, a Knight Templar, a Noble of the Mystic Shrine, a member of the Itan-Nic-Nic club, as well as several other leading clubs and business organizations of the city. Although an indefatigable worker in his profession and the duties of official position he finds time to attend his lodge and club meetings occasionally, where he is always welcomed because of his genial disposition and entertaining qualities. On April 20, 1892, Mr. Gordon led to the altar Miss Esther L. Langtree, of Aurora, Ind., and to this marriage there has been born one son, Harry L., Jr., now ten years of age. 22 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY WILLIAM HENRY ELDER, D.D., archbishop of Cincinnati, is a descendant of one of the oldest Catholic families in America. His great-grandfather, William Elder, came from England and was one of the early settlers of Maryland. In the early half of the eighteenth century, when the anti-Catholic sentiment procured the passage of the law prohibiting the celebration of the mass except in private homes, William Elder built a large log house about two miles south of Emmitsburg, in which was one room large enough to accommodate all the Catholics in the vicinity, and here the Holy Sacrifice of the mass might be attended by all who desired to do so. This building, which was made historic because of its associations, was occupied by some of his descendants until a few years ago, when it was torn down. Thomas Elder, the grandfather of the arch-bishop, was born in Maryland and lived there during the early years of his life, but later removed to Bardstown, Ky., where he died at a ripe old age. His son, Basil, married Elizabeth Miles Snowden, of Maryland, and they reared a family of ten children to maturity, the arch-bishop being the ninth. William H. Elder was born in the city of Baltimore, March 22, 1819, his father having taken up his residence in that city some seventeen years before, to engage in the grocery and commission business. In 1831 the archbishop entered Mt. St.. Mary's college, Emmitsburg, Md., then under the charge of John B. Purcell, D. D., afterward the second bishop and first archbishop of Cincinnati. In 1837 he graduated, and in 1842 left for the Propaganda, Rome. He was ordained priest on Passion Sunday, 1846, returned to his native diocese, and was soon after appointed professor of dogmatic theology in his alma mater. In 1855 the death of Rt. Rev. J. O. Van De Velde left a vacancy in the See of Natchez, and the choice of his successor fell upon Dr. Elder. At that time the diocese included the whole State of Mississippi, with the people few in numbers, poor in purse, and badly scattered over the large area. Notwithstanding all this, the new bishop, after his consecration at Baltimore by Archbishop Kenrick, May 3, 1857, entered with commendable zeal upon the discharge of his duties and remained there until appointed coadjutor to Archbishop Purcell in i880. During these years the great Civil war and the yellow fever scourge made his work far from pleasant, but in the most trying MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 23 times he never left his post of duty. Always ready to assist and encourage the priests and nuns of his church, who were daily and hourly making sacrifices in behalf of suffering humanity, he endeared himself to all who came in contact with him, Catholics and Protestants alike. He fell a victim to the dread disease, and for a time his life was despaired of, but he recovered, greatly to the delight of his co-workers and followers. In 1879 he was offered the archbishopric of San Francisco, and while he did not directly refuse, he did ask to be permitted to remain with his diocese because of its deplorable condition. The Pope, pleased with this manifestation of self-sacrifice, refrained from ordering his acceptance and he remained at Natchez until late in the year 1879, when Archbishop Purcell, of Cincinnati, asked for a coadjutor owing to his declining years and the financial troubles of the archbishopric. On Jan. 30, 1880, Doctor Elder assumed the duties of coadjutor to Archbishop Purcell, who retired to St. Martin's convent, leaving all the administration of the affairs of the diocese to his assistant. The death of Archbishop Purcell occurred in 1883, and on December 13th of that year Dr. Elder became the archbishop. For nearly three score years Archbishop Elder has devoted his best energies to the cause of the Master, and to relieving the sufferings of his fellow-man. He has officiated at the altar, when two happy hearts have been made as one ; he has christened the innocent, smiling infant, and in later years confirmed it into the church; he has crossed the hands of the dead upon the breast and pronounced the final benediction as the lifeless clay was lowered into its last resting place. Thus he has stood by the cradle, the altar and the tomb, speaking words of cheer or consolation, and now in his old age he peacefully awaits the command of his Master to "Come-up higher." WILLIAM M'CALLISTER, comptroller-assessor of the city water works, of Cincinnati, O., was born in that city in 1844. He attended the city schools until his sixteenth year, and in 1860 entered the employ of the Little Miami railroad (now operated by the Pennsylvania company), and was for thirty-nine years with the Pennsylvania company, working his way up from messenger boy to the position of Cincinnati agent for the Union fast freight line. For five years, beginning in 1895, Mr. McCallister was a member of the city school board. He was president of the union board of high schools in 1897-98, and during the same period was also president of the Cincinnati chamber of commerce. In 1899 he was elected a member of the board of city affairs, and after serving one year was appointed to his present position. Since 24 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY coming into this office he has increased the revenue of the department over $100,000, which speaks well of his executive ability, and tells better than words could possibly do the story of his unimpeachable integrity. Mr. McCallister is a Republican in politics, but believes in doing rather than talking. He is, therefore, not a noisy politician, but one who tries to carry out in practice the principles advocated by his party. He is an Odd Fellow, a Royal Arch Mason, and a Presbyterian, and in church, lodge and the community he has a deservedly high standing. CAPT. ELIAS RIGGS MONFORT, A.M., LL.D., postmaster at Cincinnati, O., was born at Greensburg, Ind., March 2, 1842. His father, J. G. Monfort, D.D., LL.D., was a descendant of the Huguenots, and his mother, whose maiden name was Hannah Riggs, was a daughter of Rev. Elias Riggs, one of the pioneer clergymen of New Jersey. Her brother, also named Elias, was for sixty years a missionary to Turkey, under the auspices of the American board of Christian missions. From ancestry composed of sturdy English, Irish, French, Dutch, Welsh and Scotch blood, Mr. Monfort inherited those vigorous traits of character that have contributed in a large degree to his successful career. In 1855 his parents removed to Cincinnati, and the following year his father became president of the Glendale female college, one of the leading educational institutions of Ohio. Elias received his early education in the schools of Cincinnati and Glendale, and in 1859 entered Hanover college as a sophomore. Before completing his course the Civil war broke upon the country, and he was one of the first to give up the peaceful life of the student to take up arms in defense of his country. On June 18, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company A, Sixth Ohio volunteer infantry. On October 8th, of the same year, he was made a second lieutenant and transferred to the Seventy-fifth Ohio infantry. He was commissioned captain Jan. 12, 1863, and served in that capacity until discharged from the service in January, 1864. His regiment was in more than twenty severe engagements, among them being the second Bull Run, Laurel Hill, Carrick's Ford, Franklin, Va., Cross Keys, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Chantilly, and Gettysburg. In all these engagements Captain Monfort was with his company and several MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 25 times distinguished himself by his coolness and bravery. At Gettysburg, July i, 1863, he was severely wounded in the hip, which at first was feared would prove fatal, but he recovered and was honorably discharged by a military board for total disability early in January, 1864. He was also wounded at the second Bull Run, but remained at his post of duty. Returning home, he re-entered Hanover college, completed the remaining two years of the course in one year, and graduated in 1865. He then entered the Cincinnati law school, graduated in 1867, and was admitted to practice in the Ohio courts the same year. He located in his native town of Greensburg, where he served as district attorney and prosecuting attorney for a number of years. In 1874., his old wound so impaired his health as to interfere with the practice of law and he came to Cincinnati, at the request of his father, to accept a position as associate editor of The Herald and Presbyter, a Presbyterian weekly. Later he became the business manager, remaining with the publication until 1896. During- these years he helped to increase the influence of the paper by his strong editorials and by his business ability placed it upon a more secure footing. Captain Monfort has for many years been one of the active and influential elders in the church. In 1869 Hanover college conferred upon him the degree of A. M., and in 1885 he received from Highland university the degree of LL.D. For many years he was one of the trustees of Hanover college and also of Lane Theological seminary, of which he was treasurer for eight years. He has twice been a member of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian church, and in 1888 was appointed by that body as one of the representatives to the meeting of the alliance of reformed churches, held at London, England. In 1896 he was appointed to the office of county clerk of Hamilton county, by the board of county commissioners, and served until his successor was elected, Sept. t, 1897. In 1899 he was appointed postmaster, and at the expiration of his term was reappointed by President Roosevelt. Although primarily engaged in church work, Captain Monfort has not lost his military spirit, and neither age nor his wound has dampened his patriotic ardor. He is a member of the Loyal Legion, and in 1900 was the department commander of the Grand Army of the Republic of Ohio. He is a member of F. C. Jones Post, No. 401, Grand Army of the Republic, and is prominent in Masonic circles, being a Knight Templar, a thirty-second degree member of the Scottish Rite, and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. He has also taken a great interest in municipal affairs, and as a member of the Cincinnati board of education played an important part in securing the Walnut Hills high school, which has the finest and best 26 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY equipped school building in Ohio. Captain Monfort married Miss Emma Taylor, daughter of Eli Taylor, a prominent business man, and a sister of Capt. J. G. Taylor, who served on the staff of Gen. Gordon Granger during the war. They have three children: Joseph Taylor, Hannah Louise, and Margaret Morehead. ORLANDO T. HOLLOWAY, superintendent of the fifth division railway mail service, composed of the States of Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky and Tennessee, with headquarters in Cincinnati, O., was born on a farm in Fairfield township, Columbiana county, O., Dec. 2, 1854. When he was about seven years old his father, Gen. E. S. Holloway, removed to the village  of Columbiana, where he became owner and editor of the Independent Register, a weekly publication of general circulation. Orlando graduated from the Columbiana high school in 1871, and then attended and graduated from the Duff Commercial college at Pittsburg, after which he entered his father's office and learned the printer's trade, becoming in time part owner and foreman of the office. He continued in this occupation until 1881, when he entered the railway mail service as a postal clerk, being assigned to first duty on a line between Pittsburg, Pa., and Cincinnati, O., and later to the line between Pittsburg and Chicago. After working his way tip through all the grades of the service, he was assigned as chief clerk in charge of a number of lines and located at Crestline, O., where he continued until again promoted in 1897 and assigned as superintendent of the division above noted, with headquarters at Cincinnati. Mr. Holloway is a member of Salem Commandery, No. 42, Knights Templars ; a thirty-second degree member of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, Ohio Valley, Cincinnati; and of Syrian Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, also of Cincinnati, and affiliates with the Methodist Episcopal church. He was married in 1873 to Lorne S., daughter of Lafayette Stuckman, of Columbiana. They have no children living. JOHN W. CARROLL, inspector of police, Cincinnati, Ohio, was born at Springfield, in the same state, Feb. 2, 1852. His father, Williard W. Carroll, was born in the North of Ireland in 1822, but came in MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 27 his early manhood to America. For a number of years he was in the grocery business in Cincinnati, and died there in 1862. The family removed to Cincinnati when John W. was about seven years of age, and he received his education in the schools of that city. At the age of seventeen he learned the plumbing trade and worked at it for about fifteen years. About the time he began learning his trade he became a member of the First regiment, Ohio National Guard, and remained in the service for seventeen years, rising from private to the rank of major. While captain of Company C, March 17, 1887, he was appointed drill master of the Cincinnati police force, with the rank of sergeant. Three years later he was made lieutenant, and on June 4, 1903, he was made inspector, with the title of major. Mr. Carroll is a Republican in his political affiliations and takes a deep interest in political contests. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, a Knight Templar, and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. Ile is a past chancellor of his lodge in the Knights of Pythias, has taken the Grand Lodge degrees, and belongs to the Uniform Rank. He was married March 17, 1890, to Miss Ida Foster, of Cincinnati, and they have two children, Williard W. and Avis C. BENJAMIN RUSH COWEN, of Cincinnati, was born in Moorefield, Harrison county, O., Aug. 15, 1831, his parents being Benjamin Sprague and Anne Wood Cowen. For many years his father was presiding judge of the court of common pleas. Until he was twenty-six years of age Benjamin R. Cowen lived at St. Clairsville, O., obtaining his education in the classical institute of that village. He then learned the printers' trade, working at it for several years and studying medicine in the meantime. For nine years he was editor and proprietor of the Belmont Chronicle at St. Clairsville, afterward engaging in the mercantile and real estate business at Bellaire. In 1860 he was elected chief clerk of the lower branch of the Ohio legislature, and since that time he has been a prominent figure in state and national affairs. In April, 1861, he enlisted as a private in the Fifteenth Ohio volunteer infantry, and was soon after appointed first lieutenant and assistant commissary of subsistence, serving three months. In June following he was appointed additional pay-master by President Lincoln, and served with the army of the Potomac and in West Virginia until January, 1864. In October, 1861, he was elected secretary of state, of Ohio, on the ticket with Governor Tod, but resigned the succeeding May and returned to the field. In 1864 he was appointed adjutant-general of Ohio by Governor Brough, on a leave of absence without pay from the army, hold- 28 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY ing the office through the administrations of Governors Anderson and Cox. For organizing and sending out the "hundred days' men" in i865 he was brevetted brigadier-general by President Johnson. Prior to 1856 he was a Whig, but in that year he voted for John C. Fremont, and since that time has affiliated with the Republican party. He was a delegate to the Republican national conventions of 1856 and 1868, being secretary of the latter. From 1865 to 1867 he was chairman of the state Republican committee. He was a candidate for the nomination for governor in 1867 and was defeated by General Hayes by ten votes. Declining the nomination of lieutenant-governor the same year he was appointed supervisor of internal revenue in 1869 for the states of California, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah, but a year later was transferred to the southern district of Ohio. From 1871 to 1877 he was assistant secretary of the interior department under President Grant; commissioner to appraise lands in the Indian Territory, in 1871 ; commissioner to visit Sitting Bull's tribe in Montana, in 1872 ; commissioner to survey and appraise certain Indian lands in California, in 1873; commissioner, with Admiral Rodgers, to investigate the race troubles in New Orleans, in 1874, and wrote the report of the commission; commissioner in the spring of 1875 to investigate the Mormon troubles in Utah. In 1880 he returned to the field of journalism as editor of the Ohio State Journal, at Columbus, and continued in that capacity until November, 1884, when he was appointed clerk of the Federal district and circuit courts for the southern district of Ohio. General Cowen is a Scottish Rite Mason; a member and past commander of the Loyal Legion; Fred Jones Post, Grand Army of the Republic; ex-president Sons of the Revolution; member of the Society of the Colonial Wars and the War of 1812; ex-president of the Cincinnati Literary club; ex-president of the New England society; a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and was for ten years secretary of the Elizabeth Gamble Deaconess Home association and Christ's hospital. On Sept. 19, 1854, he was married to Miss Ellen Thoburn, of Belmont county, 0., daughter of Matthew and Jane Lyle Thoburn, natives of County Antrim, Ireland. She is a sister of Bishop J. M. Thoburn, of India and Malaysia, and of Col. Joseph Thoburn, who was killed at the battle of Cedar Creek while in command of a division of the Union army. Of the eight children born to General and Mrs. Cowen, only three survive. They are James Lyle, of Tokio, Japan; Benjamin Sprague, manager of the Associated Press at Cincinnati, and Sidney Joseph, also of that city. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 29 CHARLES A. BOSWORTH, assistant treasurer of the United States, in charge of the sub treasury at Cincinnati, O., was born at Wilmington, Clinton county, 0., in the year 1853. After a primary training in the schools of his native city he entered the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and graduated in 1877 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then became the vice-president of the First National bank of Wilmington, of which his father was the president, and in 1888 succeeded to the presidency. He continued to hold the position at the head of the bank's affairs until 1895, although he came to Cincinnati :n 1890. entered into partnership with United States Senator J. B. Foraker, having studied law with Mr. Foraker from 1878 to 1880, and was admitted to the bar in 1880. This partnership lasted until 1893, and the law firm of Black & Bosworth still continues to exist. Mr. Bosworth was appointed to his present position as assistant treasurer in 1898. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In Masonic circles he is a prominent figure, being a thirty-second degree member of the Scottish Rite, a Knight Templar, and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. HORACE JOHNSON STANLEY, deceased, late chief engineer of the city of Cincinnati, O., was born at Mayfield, Fulton county, N. Y., Aug. 12, 1846. His father, Thomas Samuel Stanley, was born at Hartford, Conn., in the year 1817. He was a farmer and lumberman by occupation. He married Abigail Burr, a daughter of Nathan Burr, of Kingsboro, N. Y., and they had the following children: Adeline Burr, wife of Joseph Birch, of Amsterdam, N. Y.; Roxana Leonard, wife of Jeremiah Watson, of Staunton, Mass.; Eugenia Mills, who married Charles Deal, of Amsterdam, N. Y., and Horace Johnson, the subject of this sketch. Horace J. Stanley received his elementary education in the public schools of his native town and Kingsboro, and in 1869 went to Cincinnati, where he entered the office 30 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY of R. C. Phillips, starting in to learn the profession of civil engineer. On the first day of May, 1870, he entered the office of the city engineer of Cincinnati as a draughtsman and from that time until his death he was connected with the office, to which he devoted the greater portion of his active business life and energies. From draughtsman he was promoted to the position of assistant city engineer, and in March, 1880, was made chief engineer by the board of public works, which position he held until his death, on Feb. 9, 1905. Had he lived about a month longer he would have been chief engineer a quarter of a century. During the time he filled the office he discharged his duties with signal ability and fidelity, as may be witnessed by the long time he held the position. Mr. Stanley was a Republican, firm in convictions, yet he had a host of Democratic friends who respected him for his many sterling qualities aside from his difference of political views from their own. He was married on Jan. 16, 1873, to Miss Mary J., daughter of Michael Tempest, and this union was blessed with the following children: Clarence, Lincoln, Susie Burr, Horace Tempest and Helen Abigail. Mr. Stanley was Presbyterian in his religious views, and was a consistent practitioner of the tenets of his faith in his daily conduct with his fellow-men. J. A. ARCHIBALD, chief of the Cincinnati fire department, was born in that city Jan. 21, 1859. He attended the city schools until he was seventeen years of age, when he went into an architectural iron works, where he learned the trade of finisher. In January, 1882, he was appointed to the position of pipeman in the fire department. His promotions in the department were rapid and well deserved: lieutenant in 1884; captain in May, 1887; and chief, March z, 1893. This record of advancement is due to his temperate habits, his robust physique, his clear mentality, and his even disposition. As an executive officer he has few equals and no superiors. His coolness and courage in trying moments during great fires have excited the admiration of the populace, while his justice and impartiality have won the confidence and respect of the men under his control. Called to the position of chief when thirty-four years of age, he has, by his quick intellect and indefatigable energy, during the eleven MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 31 years of his administration, placed the department upon a high plane and made it the peer of any in the country. Having risen from the ranks, he knows the duties and trials of the humblest fireman, corn-mends each one for the faithful performance of duty, and sympathizes with those who fail because of unforeseen contingencies. His orders are promptly executed, because the men know that they are based on a thorough knowledge of the demands of the department, and the result is that perfect discipline and good fellowship prevail. Mr. Archibald does not drive men into perilous situations. His position is that of a leader, and he is generally in the forefront, his cry of "Come on" inspiring others to follow his example. Politically Mr. Archibald is a Republican, but he never takes an active part in campaigns. His business is to protect property. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, a Noble of the Mystic Shrine, a Knight of Pythias, and a member of the Fraternal Order of Eagles. In all these societies "Jack," as he is familiarly called, is. a popular fellow, to whom the "glad hand" is always extended when his duties will permit his attendance at the lodge meetings. He is also a member of the Presbyterian church. F. D. COMSTOCK, local treasurer of the Big Four Railroad Company, at Cincinnati, O., is a native of the Badger State, having been born at Fox Lake, Wis., June 23, 1856. When he was about four years of age his parents, both of whom were natives of Ohio,. removed to Cleveland. There the subject of this sketch was educated in the public schools, and when about seventeen or eighteen years old he began his business career as agent for an oil company. He continued in this line of employment until 1881, when he entered the service of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis railroad, usually referred to as the "Bee Line." In 1889 this company was merged into the Big Four, Mr. Comstock going with the new organization. Since then he has continued in the employ of the company, filling various positions of trust and responsibility, until 1892, when he was appointed to his present position. Mr. Comstock is well known to railroad men all over the country as a careful and efficient official. During the twelve years that he has been local treasurer, thousands of dollars have passed through his office, but his affairs are always in such a shape that an examination of his books at any time would only add to his already well established reputation. Mr. Comstock is a member of the Presbyterian church. 32 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY CLARK W. DAVIS, M.D., health officer, Cincinnati. O., was born in that city, Dec. 14, 1863. He received his general education in the city schools, read medicine with his father, William B. Davis, who was one of the well-known physicians of the city, and in 1886 was graduated from the medical department of McMichen university, now the Miami :Medical college. Upon leaving college he became associated with his father in practice and continued with him until his death in 1893. Since the death of his father, Dr. Davis has practiced alone. He is a member of the American Medical association and the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine. He was a member of the staff of Christ's hospital from the founding of the institution until 1900, and since 1893 has been medical director of the Union Central Life Insurance Company, of Cincinnati. In 1900 he was appointed to his present position as health officer, and since then has given a great deal of attention to the promotion and preservation of the public health. Dr. Davis is a member of Lafayette Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons ; is a Knight Templar, a life member of Cincinnati Lodge, No. 5, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and belongs to the Clifton Methodist Episcopal church. WILLIAM THOMAS PERKINS was born in Xenia, Greene county, O., Dec. 8, 1834, his parents being John S. and Elizabeth C. Perkins. He obtained his education at the Xenia academy and in the public and high schools of Cincinnati, to which city his parents removed when he was but a little boy. His business life began as an errand boy in a dry goods store on West Sixth street for $1.00 per week. This was in 1845 and 1846. Next he became a clerk in the old Eagle white lead factory of this city, then a clerk in the banking house of Groesbeck & Co. In 1862 he began the banking business for himself on. Third street. Two years later he went to Knoxville, Tenn., and started the First National bank MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 33 of that city. Subsequently he returned to Cincinnati and became the cashier of the Central National bank. Closing out his banking interests he went South, and became a cotton planter. His next business venture was as a Cincinnati newspaper man, connecting himself with the old Cincinnati Chronicle—afterward the Times-Chronicle. On Jan. I, 1891, he became a member of the firm of John J. Perkins & Co., with which he was associated for a number of years. He was an enthusiastic Republican as long ago as in 1856, when, during the Fremont campaign, he was made secretary of the first young men's Republican club of Cincinnati. Mr. Perkins was appointed fire trustee by Mayor Mosby on May 4, 1893, and served for over eight years in that capacity. He has been for years a director and treasurer of the Young Men's Mutual Life association of Cincinnati; was president of the Merchants and Manufacturers' association of Cincinnati and Hamilton county, and is president and treasurer of the American District Telegraph Company. In 1903 he was elected city auditor of Cincinnati for a term of three years. He is an active member of the Young Men's Blaine club of Cincinnati and also a member of Cincinnati Lodge No. 5, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Mr. Perkins was married to Miss Sallie F. DeCamp, daughter of Hiram and Elizabeth DeCamp, May 3, 1859. Four children have been born to them, only one of whom survives, George P. Perkins. Their home is on East Walnut Hills. JAMES H. WHITNEY, examiner of weights and measures, Cincinnati, O., was born at Corry, Pa., Oct. 11, 1861. In  the public schools of his native town he acquired a good practical education, after which he went to work in a grocery store. Four years later he started a retail fruit and confectionery store. Later he went into the fruit business in a wholesale way in Corry, remaining in that line until 1896, when he came to Cincinnati and entered the employment of a wholesale fruit house there. In 1897 he started in the wholesale fruit business for himself and carried it on until 1900, when he was appointed to his present position by Mayor Fleischman. His long experience in handling groceries and fruits has made him thoroughly acquainted with weights and measures and given I-3 34 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY him the very best qualifications for the successful discharge of his duties. His four years of service have demonstrated the wisdom of the mayor in selecting him for the position. Mr. Whitney belongs to no secret order nor church organization. He is an enthusiastic Republican and a member of both the Blaine and North Side Republican clubs. FRANK A. TUCKER, superintendent of the city infirmary, Cincinnati, O., is a native of that city, having been born there in 1848. After attending the public schools he graduated from Bartlett's business college at the age of nineteen, after which he became associated with his father, George W. Tucker, in the manufacture of trunks, continuing in that line of business for about seven years. He was then engaged in the manufacture of rugs and mats for several years. In 1875 he was elected to the city board of education; re-elected two years later; elected alderman at large in 1878 in a district overwhelmingly Democratic, and the same year chosen as a member of the union board of high schools, holding all three positions at once. In 1880 he was reelected alderman for four years but resigned in 1881 to become a member of the board of public works. In 1886 he was re-elected to the board of public works for another five-year term, but before the expiration of that time the office was abolished by the legislature. In May, 1888, he was appointed chief deputy and private secretary to George B. Cox, inspector of oils for Ohio, and served in this capacity for two years. He was a delegate to the Republican national convention of 1888, and two years later successfully managed the campaign of Hon. Bellamy Storer, candidate for Congress in the first district. Shortly after the election in November, 1890, Mr. Tucker was appointed superintendent of the street cleaning department and remained at the head of the department for three years, when he resigned to accept the position of manager of the Sanitary Extracting Company, which had the contract for disposing of the city's garbage. Here he remained until 1902, when he came into his present position. Mr. Tucker is one of the leading Republicans of the city and as a worker has few equals. For about eight years he was a director of the Blaine club, of which he is a member. He is a Mason and a member of the Lincoln Park Baptist church. He was married in 1899 to Miss Anna B. Hudson, of Cincinnati. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 35 GEORGE H. KOLKER, appraiser of merchandise in the United States custom house, Cincinnati, O., was born in that city, Jan. 27, 1853. In 1872 he graduated from the Woodward high school and began life as a bookkeeper. After a year in this occupation he started in to learn the trade of stair builder, but two years later he changed his mind and began the study of law. In 1878 he graduated from the Cincinnati law school and practiced for several years. In 1882 he was elected journal clerk in the Ohio legislature and served in that capacity at every session of the general assembly for twelve years. In 1893 he was appointed deputy clerk of the Ohio supreme court, serving in that position until October, 1896, when he went into the Hamilton county auditor's office as chief deputy. In June, 1898, he was appointed to his present position by the late President McKinley. In all the positions he has occupied Mr. Kolker has been distinguished for his thorough and methodical way of doing business, and for his courteous treatment of all who happened to have dealings with him. ELMER E. GALBREATH, national hank examiner, Cincinnati, O., was born at Georgetown, Brown county, O., Feb. 1, 1864. His education was obtained at the public schools of Ripley, O., prior to the time he was eighteen years of age. At that time he went into the Ripley National bank as assistant cashier, his father being the cashier. Upon the death of his father in 1899 he succeeded to the position of cashier and held it until February, 1902, when he was appointed to his present place. Mr. Galbreath's long experience in the banking business gives him a peculiar fitness for the position of examiner, to which his sterling integrity adds strength and confidence. Those who know him best speak of him in high terms as being "the right man for the place." Mr. Galbreath is prominent in fraternal society circles, being a Royal Arch Mason and Knight of 36 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY Pythias. He is also a member of the Presbyterian church. As a Republican he has always taken an active part in political work and has frequently been called on to serve as delegate to state and local conventions. He acted as chairman of the committee on credentials at the convention of the National League of Republican clubs at Omaha, Neb. In 1889 he was married to Miss Bessie I. Torrence, daughter of Rev. J. W. Torrence, of Ripley, O., and they have five children—four boys and one girl. JOHN A. PENTLAND, wharfmaster, ACincinnati, O., is a descendant of an old Scottish family that later settled in Ireland, in the childhood of his grandfather, who was the youngest of four brothers. Among the highly respected descendants of this great-uncle were Dr. Pentland, of Black Hall, in the neighborhood of Drogheda, Ireland; his son married a Miss Barrington, daughter of Sir I. Barrington Dr. Pentland, of Bells; Dr. Shekleton, father of the Royal Advisers and S. V. P. of the Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland. R. Shekleton, Sir Hugh Childers, Canon Brady, Maria Henn and Mrs. Thirsby are collectively cousins of the subject of this sketch. The paternal grandfather of John A. Pentland was a respected and wealthy merchant and ship owner, who lived in Roseville, near Dublin, Ireland. He married a Miss Murray and they had two daughters and four sons: Harriet, Louisa, Charles, Henry, William and Thomas, the last named being the father of the subject of this sketch. Harriet was joined in wedlock to Sir Connory, the eminent chancellor; Louisa remained single; Charles wandered to Rio de Janeiro and died single; Henry married a Miss Manley, and his granddaughter was married not long ago to Rev. Frederick Bevan of Australia; William likewise crossed the ocean and settled in Canada. One of his sons, Samuel Pentland, was at one time the owner of the Neil House at Columbus, O., and another son. Charles, married a young lady of a distinguished French family. Of the family of Grandmother Pentland but little is known. Thomas Pentland, the father of John A., was for many years the rector of the parish of Drumreilly, in the diocese of Killmore, County Leitrim, Ireland, and died there in 1877, at the age of seventy-seven years. He married Miss Florence Sadlier MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 37 and of the eleven children born to them six are still living, viz.: Mrs. F. Gumley, Mrs. Louisa H. Alexander, Mary, Henry, William F. and John A. Pentland. Mrs. Gumley is the widow of the late R. Gumley, who was rector of a church in Killedeas, Ireland; Louisa is the wife of Rev. Hugh Alexander of Black Lion, near Enniskillen, Ireland; Henry is a physician living in Black Rock Castle, Mohill, Ireland; William is a practicing physician in London, England, and John A. is the subject of this sketch. The relatives of Mr. Pentland on the maternal side embrace several distinguished families, among whom may be named the "Sadliers," the "Yelletts," the "Atkinsons," the "Digbys," the "L'Estranges," etc. John A. Pentland was born at Aughovilla, County Leitrim; Ireland, in April, 1851, and received his education in the Raneleagh school at Athlone, on the banks of the river Shannon. On Sept. 22, 1870, he sailed from Liverpool for America, and upon reaching this country made his way directly to Cincinnati. He went to work for the firm of Proctor & Gamble, the great soap manufacturers, and remained with them for seventeen years. In the year 1888 he went to Knoxville, Tenn., as a stockholder and superintendent of the Unaker Soap Works. But the venture was not a profitable one, and after about fifteen months he returned to Cincinnati. Mr. Pentland had married in Cincinnati a cousin of Benjamin Harrison, ex-president of the United States. When he returned to Cincinnati he received, through a letter his wife wrote to President Harrison, a position in the United States revenue service, under the collector of the district, Col. D. W. McClung, and held that position until President Cleveland came into office in 1893. Mr. Pentland then became notice clerk in the city engineer's office for six or eight months, when he went into the county auditor's office under Eugene Lewis and remained there for four years. He next occupied the position of paymaster of the water works, and on Aug. 29, 1900, was appointed to his present position. Mr. Pentland takes great interest in social and political affairs. He is an honorable member of Vattier Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons; member of the Young Men's Blaine club and the Republican club of the fourteenth ward, and is a member of the Episcopal church. In 1874 he was married to Hiss Carrie M. Smith, of Cincinnati, and they have two children living: Florence May, wife of William F. Belmer, of H. Belmer & Co., and Bessie L., at home. The maiden name of Mrs. J. A. Pentland's mother was Elizabeth Irwin. She was the eldest sister of the late John and William P. Irwin, of Clarksburg, W. Va., merchants and capitalists of that city. Her relatives embrace several of the most distinguished families of Cincinnati, past and present, among 38 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY whom may be named the Irwins, General Findlay, the Harrisons, Torrances, etc. Mr. Pentland lives with his family at No. 845 Poplar street, and has his office at No. 7 Main street. WILLIAM RUEHRWEIN, superintendent of the city workhouse, Cincinnati, O., was born in Westphalia, Prussia, Feb. 21, 1840. While he was still in his infancy his parents came to America, settled in Cincinnati and there the father, whose name was also William, worked at his trade of tailor until his death in 1893, in the eighty-third year of his age. Until he was about twelve years old the son attended the city schools. For the next two years he worked at odd jobs and when he was fourteen he went into the machine shop of Antone Mueller to learn the trade of machinist. He remained with Mr. Mueller until 1860, when he entered the employment of Fay & Co. (now the Fay & Eagan Company), and was associated with this company until 1894, being superintendent of the tool department for twenty-seven years. For a number of years Mr. Ruehrwein was a member of the city board of education and of the union board of high schools. In 1893 he was elected on the Republican ticket to the state legislature and was re-elected in 1895. Before the expiration of his second term he resigned to accept the appointment of state labor commissioner, tendered him by Gov. Asa Bushnell. He served two years as commissioner and in May, 1898, was appointed to his present position. Mr. Ruehrwein was married in 1861 to Miss Sarah, daughter of Henry Stegner, of Cincinnati, and they have one son, Samuel, and seven daughters. Mr. Ruehrwein is a thirty-second degree Mason, a Knight Templar and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine, an Odd Fellow, a Knight of Honor and a member of the First German Reformed church, in which he has served as deacon and elder. He is an active Republican, frequently going as a delegate to state and district conventions. PETER W. DURR, superintendent of the county infirmary of Hamilton county, Ohio, was born in the city of Cincinnati, Dec. 15, 1861. His education was obtained in the public schools and at the age of sixteen years he went to work in the malleable iron works of MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 39 James L. Haven & Co. After about five years with this firm he went into the employ of Proctor & Gamble, the great soap manufacturers, and remained with them for eleven years, working his way up to superintendent of the stamping and packing department. While with this company he was elected trustee of Hill Creek township, being elected the first time in 1886 and re-elected for six successive terms. During this time he also served three terms as mayor of Elmwood Place. In 1893 he received an appointment as United States gauger and served until the end of President Harrison's administration. He was then made deputy sheriff of Hamilton county, under Robert Archibald, to fill a vacancy, and held the place until the end of the term. He then went into the county auditor's office as chief deputy and remained there until April, 1903, when he was made superintendent of the county infirmary. Mr. Durr has been a member of the Republican state central committee since 1894, was chairman of the committee from 1900 to 1902, and before that had served two years as secretary. He was an alternate delegate to the national convention of 1904, and has frequently been a delegate to state and congressional conventions. He is a director of the First National bank of Elmwood Place, and a member of numerous societies. HARRY C. CRAGG, M.D., of Cincinnati, O., is a native of the Buckeye State, having been born at Groesbeck, Hamilton county, July 23, 1869. His parents, Richard H. and Julia A. (Ponder) Cragg, were of English descent, though the father was a native of Cincinnati. During the Civil war he served as a member of Company A, One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Ohio volunteer infantry, participating in all the battles and skirmishes in which his regiment was engaged. After the war he returned to Cincinnati, where he continued to reside until his death, which occurred Aug. 31, 1898, in his fifty-eighth year. Doctor Cragg received his general education in the common and high schools of his native county and in 1901 was graduated from the Miami Medical college of Cincinnati, standing high in his class. Through the dean of the faculty he was offered the position of interne in the United States marine hospital, but he declined, preferring to build up a practice for himself. 40 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY This showed him to be a young man of strong determination and self-reliance, and subsequent events have sustained his decision at that time. Locating in Cincinnati soon after leaving college he has devoted his energies to his practice and he occupies a high place in the profession. He is a member of the American Medical association and of the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine. Doctor Cragg is a member and past chancellor of Crescent Lodge No. 42, Knights of Pythias, and of some of the leading Republican clubs of the city, being somewhat active in .furthering the interests of that party in political contests. On July 11, 1900, he was married to Miss Florence Ware, daughter of Charles H. Ware, an old resident and one of the early dentists of Cincinnati, amassing a comfortable fortune by the practice of his profession. Doctor Crag and his wife attend the Episcopal church of which he is a member. FRED MAAG, superintendent of the street cleaning department, Cincinnati, O., has been a resident of that city all his life. He was born July 20, 1854, educated in the public schools until he was about ten years of age, when circumstances compelled him to quit school and begin the battle of life for himself. Later he learned the trade of silversmith and worked at it until 1875, when he began working in the street cleaning department as hostler. He has been in the department ever since, except the years 1884-85, when he was connected with the street railway service, and again in 1890-91, when he was in the same line of employment. From 1891 to 1898 he was a clerk in the department and since 1900 has occupied the position of superintendent. Mr. Maag has worked his way up from the bottom and knows the work of street cleaning in all its details. His efficiency is best seen in the condition of the streets since he took charge. Mr. Maag is a thirty-second degree member of the Scottish Rite Masons and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. He is also a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Although not a member of any religious denomination he attends the German Lutheran church. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 41 JOSEPH B. COWER, M.D., a promising young physician of Cincinnati, O., was born in that city Feb. 5, 1876, and is a son of James and Catherine (Foley) Cowen, who were the parents of seven boys and four girls. The Cowen family is of Scotch-Irish extraction, James Cowen being a native of the North of Ireland. For many years he was engaged in the wholesale shoe business in Cincinnati, and died there in 1886. Doctor Cowen was educated at St. Xavier's college, at Cincinnati, afterward graduating from the medical department of the University of Cincinnati in 1897. Shortly after receiving his degree he located at Oxford, O., where he practiced until early in the year 1904, when he came to Cincinnati. Here he has succeeded beyond his expectations, considering the short time he has been established in his native city. Doctor Cowen is fully alive to the progress of his profession and is not the last to avail himself of new discoveries in the practice of medicine. In July, 1900, he led to the altar Hiss Elizabeth Gentry, the daughter of Gilbert Gentry, of Indiana. To this union there have been born two daughters, Marie Louise and Elizabeth. WILLIAM JAMES BREED, of the Crane-Breed Manufacturing Company, Cincinnati, O., is a son of Abel D. and Bethiah G. Breed, and was born at Fairhaven, Mass., in the year 1835. He received his education in the Hughes high school and the Phillips academy, at Andover, Mass., and in 1852 came to Cincinnati, where he was one of the founders of the Crane-Breed Company eight years later. This company manufactures hearses, metallic caskets, undertakers' supplies of various kinds, and is one of the best known concerns of its kind in the country. Their trade extends over a large territory, their goods going to almost every part of the continent where Christian burial is vouchsafed the remains of the dead. Mr. Breed's mother died in 1877 and his father on Dec. 24, 1888. Both were of that sturdy New England stock that believes in a high standard of morals and died as they had lived, true to their ideals, and respected by all who knew them. Mr. Breed was married in 1868 to Miss Laura Adams of Boston, who is as popular in social life as her husband is in commercial circles. 42 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY HOWELL LEWIS LOVELL, a retired manufacturer of Covington, Ky,.,was born in what is now the State of West Virginia, July 9, 1824. He is a son of Joseph and Bettie (Washington) Lovell, and through Betty Lewis, a sister of George Washington, the family are related to the first president of the United States. At the age of sixteen years Mr. Lovell began life on his own account and at the age of twenty-two he was successfully operating a salt manufactory on the Kanawha river, a short distance from the city of Charleston, the present capital of West Virginia. The discovery of gold in California attracted thither thousands of young men from the East and in 1852 young Lovell joined a party bound for the new El Dorado. They crossed the plains with ox teams and after a long and tedious trip of four months arrived at the gold fields, only to find that their expectations were not likely to be realized. After a short time in the placer mines Mr. Lovell returned to the States, bought a large number of much cows, organized a party of men and returned to California, via Nicaragua, and disposed of his cattle, receiving in many instances $150 for a cow. He remained in California until 1864, when he returned east. Four years later he located in Covington and in 1871 engaged in the manufacture of smoking and fine cut chewing tobaccos, his factory being located on Second street, in Cincinnati. In 18i5 the business was removed across the river to Covington and Mr. Lovell remained actively connected with it until 1892, when he retired to enjoy the fruits of his industry of former years, the treasures of his well-selected library, and the associations of his many friends. On April 21, 1856, Mr. Lovell was married to Miss Emma A., daughter of F. G. and Frances Buhring, and four children were born to this union: Mary L., wife of James W. Sayre, of Lexington, Ky.; Fannie B.; Virginia L., wife of John T. Hodge, of Newport, Ky., and Howell Lewis, Jr., who made his home in the Adirondacks, of New York, until his death. He married Miss Mary Fallis Rogers, a granddaughter of the late John F. Fallis, of Cincinnati, for many years president of the Merchants' National bank of that city. MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 43 T. J. SMITH, of Covington, Ky., is a Kentuckian, born in Henry county, July 31, 1838, and removed to Covington with his widowed mother, in 1846, where he has since lived, but conducts his, printing and publishing business in Cincinnati. When little more than a child Mr. Smith became an apprentice in a printing establishment, and having an alert, receptive mind, soon mastered the details of the trade, at which he wrought as a journeyman for some years. In 1860 he started the Cincinnati Dramatic Review, which venture succeeded, and his business finally developed into an extensive book and job printing concern. In r868 he projected and established the Merchant and Manufacturer, which publication was the first to suggest and advocate the series of industrial expositions—an enterprise that during its course did more to advertise and render Cincinnati famous on both sides of the Atlantic than any or all other agencies. Since then Mr. Smith has engaged in several other journalistic ventures, among them the A. O. U. W. Bulletin, for years the national organ of Ancient Order of United Workmen; the Shoe and Leather Age, the Jobber and Retail Grocer, and the Knights' Journal, organ of the Knights of the Golden Rule, of which order he was one of the founders, and for which he wrote the ritual and shared in preparing its constitution and general laws. For fourteen years Mr. Smith held the office of supreme secretary of the order, and was devoted to its welfare. The papers submitted by him to the supreme commandery are models of their kind and stamp him as a clear, logical and original thinker, and a thoroughly equipped authority on subjects pertaining to beneficial orders, having for many years given to them his best thought and most energetic efforts. Mr. Smith ranks with the oldest and most popular citizens of Covington, whose people he has faithfully served in various 44 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY positions of trust and honor, in the school board, in the city council, where he was for two terms president, and one term as the president of the board of aldermen. The esteem and respect of his fellow townsmen he enjoys in an unusual degree—the reward of a life of moral, personal and political cleanliness and probity, and the faithful discharge of every public duty imposed upon him. Having no offspring of his own, Mr. Smith has reared and educated several orphan children. Besides, his love of the little ones is so well known that half the children in his neiborhood greet him as "uncle." He is no bigot, but, with charity and tolerance for all, he is a consistent and liberal member and supporter of the church of his preference. THOMAS W. GRAYDON, M. D., an eminent physician of Cincinnati, O., and a citizen who has been closely interwoven with the official life of the city for several years, was born in Ireland in the year 1850. In his youth he was a diligent student, but at the age of fifteen his eyes began failing and he was compelled to forego the pleasant associations of his books to prevent total blindness. When he was eighteen he came to America, where for a year or two he was employed in farm work in the State of Illinois. The outdoor life and the continued abstention from reading so strengthened his eyes that in 1871 he entered Griswold college, at Davenport, Ia., and graduated from that institution with an honorable standing. Next he received a degree from the Iowa State university, and while a student there he was elected as the Iowa representative to the interstate oratorical contest, at Indianapolis, where he was awarded the second prize. In 1876 Dr. Graydon located in Cincinnati, which city has ever since been his home. Here he soon succeeded in building up a lucrative practice, in which he commands the respect of his brother physicians and enjoys the confidence of his patients. Politically Dr. Gravdon is a Republican, but his opponents give him the credit of being a fair fighter. His interest in public matters led to his being elected to represent Hamilton county in the state legislature in 1885-86, and he was offered the nomination for a second term, but declined in order to attend to his practice. In 1888 Governor Foraker appointed him a member of the old board of public affairs, upon which he continued to serve until 1890, when it was abolished, the board of city affairs taking its place. The mayor of the city appointed Dr. Graydon a member of the new board, where he served for some time, always being in favor of every measure that had for its purpose the upbuilding of his adopted city. For many years he was an earnest and persistent advocate of new water works, but failed to MEMIOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 45 secure the support and co-operation of the people. Dr. Graydon has a wife and an interesting family of five sons and four daughters. Their home in Clifton is one of the coziest in that section of the city and is always open to their friends. LOUIS BARDES, storekeeper, or county stationer, of Hamilton county, O., was born in the city of Cincinnati, Aug. 14, 1856. He is the second son of Christian and Lisette Bardes both of whom were natives of the province of Bavaria, Germany. Christian Bardes was born at Anweiler, in March, 1827. He was educated in the public schools of the Fatherland, afterward learning the trade of butcher. When he was about twenty years of age he carne to America, settled in Cincinnati, and there followed the butcher business until 1869, when he purchased a tannery which he conducted until his death, July 16, 1878. During his life he was one of the prominent figures in the city, taking considerable interest in politics as a Republican. He was a member of the Lutheran church. Louis Bardes was educated in the Cincinnati public schools, learned the trade of his father and followed the same until 1879. After the death of his father he became associated with his brothers in the management of the tannery, until 1896, when he sold his stock to his brothers to engage in other business. In 18g8 he received the appointment of deputy clerk of the Hamilton circuit court, holding the position until August, 1900, when he was appointed to his present position by the county commissioners, Politically, Mr. Bardes has always been an unswerving Republican and ready to defend his opinions against all comers. He is a prominent member of the Masonic order, belonging to lodge, chapter, commandery, Scottish Rite and the Mystic Shrine. He is also a Knight of Pythias, a Knight of the Maccabees, a member of the Royal Arcanum, and is supreme eminent ruler of "Ye Ancient Order of Why-not." On Oct. 21, 1878, Mr. Bardes was married to Miss Flora Belle Houk, and to this union there have been born the following children : Florence and Lulu twins, born Nov. 21, 1879; Henrietta, June 2, 1881 ; Christian A., Aug. 7, 1883, and Fred. L., Jan. Jo, 1883. The family live at 2402 Jefferson ave., South Norwood, where Mr. Bardes owns a beautiful residence. It is believed that the Bardes family are descend- 46 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY ants of the old Bardes family of Italy. On the reaches of the Appenines there still remains the ancient seat of the Bardes, bearing the name "Alto Mena." The early ancestors were the Bardes who loaned to Edward III. the money to marshal his hosts that fought the battle of Crecy, and on the walls of Alto Mena hangs an old parchment pledging the crown of England to repay the loan, but the pledge has not been kept. After Crecy the Black Prince, the first Prince of Wales, to prove his admiration for the valor of the blind king of Bohemia, adopted from his insignia the three plumes and the motto, "Ich Dien," for his own crest. JACOB BASCHANG, whose portrait appears at the head of this sketch, is a descendant of the good, old, conservative German element that has been such a potent factor in building up the city of Cincinnati. His parents, George Fred and Elizabeth Baschang, were natives of Germany. The father learned the trade of carpet weaver in the Fatherland and while still a young man came to America. Settling in Cincinnati he continued to follow his trade until the Civil war broke out, when he enlisted in the One Hundred and Sixth regiment, Ohio volunteer infantry, and remained in the service of his adopted country until his death, in 1865. He was an ardent Republican in his life, and a member of the German Lutheran church. The mother, left a widow with four children, managed to rear and educate them by her own labors and the assistance of a pension received from the government. One of these children is the subject of this sketch. He was born in the city of Cincinnati, June 3, 1859. After receiving a common school education he began life in the Pape Bros. picture frame works. Later he went with the Mosler-Baumann safe and lock works. Here he began as a drill boy, gradually working his way up until he had charge of the intricate machines used for cutting out the steel for safe doors. He remained with this company until 1887, when he was appointed janitor in the county auditor's office. After six years in this position he was made night watchman in the treasurer's office, and in 1896 was appointed Dow tax collector, which office he still holds. In all the positions that Mr. Baschang has filled in the public service, his appointment has been made as a Republican, MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 47 and it is no exaggeration to say that he is one of the party's most active workers in Hamilton county. He holds membership in a number of secret societies, in which he is popular because of his genial disposition. On Feb. 8, 1882, Mr. Baschang was married to Josephine Miller, daughter of Frederick and Magdalena Miller, of Cincinnati. Her father came from Germany about 1850 and settled in Cincinnati, where he reared a family of seven children, Josephine being next to the eldest. He died in 1883 and his remains rest in the Vine St. Hill cemetery. Mr. and Mrs. Baschang have four children living, viz.: Ida, born July 18, 1883; Edward, March 28, 1885; Albert, Aug. 22, 1888, and Elsie, Dec. i8, 1892. J. HENRY HUELSMANN, a prominent undertaker and funeral director of Cincinnati, O., was born Dec. 17, 1858, at Cincinnati. His father was Ferdinand Huelsmann, who was born in Germany, coming to America in 1852 and settling in Cincinnati, where he followed the trade of blacksmith. His mother was Mary (Roettinghouse) Huelsmann. Mr. Huelsmann's early education was received in the Cincinnati public schools, after leaving which, at the age of thirteen, he entered the furniture factory of Henshaw & Sons in 1871, and continued in their service until 1895. By constant application to his duties and an earnest endeavor to forge ahead he was made foreman of the factory at the age of nineteen years. In 1895 he entered the undertaking business and connected himself with Henry Dusterberg under the firm name of Dusterberg & Huelsmann, which association continued until 19o[, when Mr. Huelsmann purchased the interest of his partner and has since been conducting the business alone. In 1895 he graduated from Clarke's school of embalming at Cincinnati. He was married in 1881 to Louise Schmidt of Cincinnati and they have had four children, the following of whom are living: Mary, Gertrude and Alfonse. Mr. Huelsmann is a member of St. Paul's Roman Catholic church. WILLIAM RIEDLIN, president of the Bavarian Brewing Company, of Covington, Ky., is a native of Germany, having been born at the town of Mulheim, in the province of Baden, Nov. 20, 1850. In 1870 he came to America, landing on July i, and three days later he was in Cincinnati. There he learned the blacksmith trade with John Aulls, who had a shop on Central avenue, near Findlay street, and after learning the trade was for many years in the employ of McNeil & Urban. On the twenty-first day of June, 1877, he opened a grocery at the corner of Elm and Greene streets and continued in that business for 48 - MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY some time, afterward becoming the manager of Tivoli Hall. In 1882 he came to Covington and became associated with John Mayer in the brewing business. This undertaking developed into the Bavarian Brewing Company, one of the distinct features of Covington and one of the largest concerns of its kind in the country. Mr. Mayer retired from the business in i8go. In addition to the brewery proper, the company is largely interested in the manufacture of ice, having one of the largest and most complete plants to be found anywhere. Mr. Riedlin is a man of enterprise and public spirit, and for the last fifteen years has been regarded as one of Covington's most valued citizens. always contributing with his money and influence toward the best interests of the municipality. From October, 1891, to January, 1897, he was a member of the city legislature as an alderman, and while in that position he aided in the introduction of many needed reforms, which have contributed in no small degree to the city's growth. Mr. Riedlin is one of the directors of the German National bank and is prominently connected with other public institutions of Covington. He is a Republican in his political views, but his broad-mindedness has won for him a host of Democratic friends. On Aug. 2, 1877, he was married to Miss Emma. daughter of Samuel and Maria Hoffman, of Riesenburg, Prussia. To this union there have been born eight children, four of whom are living. They are William F., born July 19, 1881 Walter, born Oct. 31, 1888 ; Mary, born March 24, 1883 ; and Louisa, born June 2, 1890. William was married on Nov. 9, 1903, to Norma, daughter of August Wittgenfelt, of Cincinnati, and is now associated with his father in business. Carl, Emma, Edward and Charles are deceased. JAMES COLLINS (deceased), for many years a familiar figure in the business world of Cincinnati, O., was born in Mason county, Ky., March 17, 1835, and died at his home on Mount Auburn, Cincinnati, Dec. 15, 1903. When he was but five years of age his father, Levi Collins, came to Cincinnati, where James began his business career, while still in his boyhood, as an employe of the United States Express Company. Later he was with the National Union and still later with the American Express Company, where he had charge of all the eastern shipping tip to a short time before his death. This company thought so well of him as a man, and so highly appreciated his services as one of its trusted employes, that for several years prior to his death he drew a pension from the company, being unable to perform his duties on account of failing- health. Mr. Collins was a modest, unassuming MEMOIRS OF THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY - 49 man, whose highest aim was to subserve the interest of his employers by a courteous treatment of all the company's patrons and a close application to the business entrusted to his care. He was a man of steady habits and a member of Kilwinning Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, in which he had a high standing. Mr. Collins was united in marriage to Miss Isabella, daughter of Jonathan Wilson and Elizabeth (Ashton) Bendle. She was born in Liverpool, England, but came in early life with her parents to America. To this marriage there were born the following children: Albert Henry, Emma 13., Clifford Frederick, Ella Ashton, Jennie Shaw and Harry Stanley. These children with their mother still survive. Albert Henry married Marie Brady of Cincinnati, on Nov. 2, 1897. She died on Nov. 2, 1901, leaving one son, Robert Wilson, born Nov. 30, 1898. Clifford F. married Miss Lot-tie Beal of Cincinnati, and they have four children: Dorothy, Glenn, Marjory and Clifford. Ella Ashton married Edward Schoenbaum, superintendent of the Otto Marmet Coal Company, of Cincinnati. Jennie Shaw married Frank Butler and resides in Philadelphia, Pa. Harry Stanley is unmarried and is with the Fairweather & La Due Company, of Chicago. JOHN COFFEY (deceased), for many years the senior member of the law firm of Coffey, Mallon, Mills & Vandenbury, of Cincinnati, O., was a native of the Emerald Isle, having been born in Dunnamore parish, County Cork, Ireland, Jan. 6, 1844. He died on May 8, 19o4. When he was ten years of age he came with his father to this country and for about five years lived in the city of Boston. In 1859 he came west and finally located at Cincinnati. When the Civil war broke out he enlisted in the Thirty-fourth Ohio infantry and, although but little more than a boy, he was made sergeant of his company. Young Coffey remained with the regiment until the expiration of the war, when he worked some time as a book agent, studying law in the meantime as opportunity offered, until he was able to pass a satisfactory examination and secure his admission to the bar. Early in the seventies he was admitted to practice and soon afterward formed a partnership with the late Patrick Mallon, whose son was later a member of the firm, and in a short time he acquired a wide reputation as a criminal lawyer. Mr. Coffey soon came to be recognized as the wit of the local bar, and many a time this wit has helped him out of a tight place. As an after dinner speaker he was hard to excel. His proverbial wit was always made to do duty on such occasions and the guests at social functions were always glad to observe his name on the programme for a response. I-4