HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 175 ing Green, Ky.; on March 5,1862, it marched to Barron River and from there to Nashville, Tenn., camping two miles south of the city, and was assigned to General Nelson's brigade. It then marched south, and on to Shiloh, upon which field of blood it entered upon its first serious engagement of the war. The regiment lost sixteen killed and seventy wounded and missing. Company F lost as follows: Killed, J. A. Miller, Second Lieutenant; Privates, John McGinnis and Plumb. Wounded, John Lanty, John Beannon, William Dutiel, Charles Drury, Solomon Blackburn, Benjamin noble, Captain J. H. Smith. In this battle the Second Kentucky proved its courage and ability. On the reorganization of the regiment, Captain Hurd, of Company F, was promoted to a Major, and First Lieutenant Jesse C. Hurd commanded Company F. The next serious battle in which the regiment was engaged was that of Murfreesboro. The battle took place Dec. 31, 1862, and the regiment lost heavily, being eighty-six in Killed and wounded; Company F lost: Killed, Corporal Robert Horton. Wounded, Sergeant Samuel Crawford, slightly; Corporal Arthur Crawford, severely; Privates, Solomon Blackburn, severely; Lafayette Vanceyoc, severely; Thompson Hodges, severely; James Carleton, slightly; Callahan Beare, slightly. Missing, Corporal E. S. Owen. Sergeant Samuel Crawford was taken prisoner and sent to Vicksburg. After the battle the regiment went south to Athens, Ala., and other points, and on a return rch for Nashville, July 16, the cars left the track and killed one and wounded forty-six others of the regiment. Jan. 25, 1863, Major John R. Hurd was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel, Lieutenant-Colonel Spencer resigning on account of ill health, and Captain A. T. M. Brown received the office of Major. It marched and skirmished the most of its term of service, and engaged in all the principal battles of the Southwest; was in the advance at the battle of Pittsburg Landing. BATTERY L. Battery L was organized and went into service under the command of Captain Newt Robinson. The Captain, however, resigned in January, 1863, before engaging in a serious battle. Frank E. Gibbs was then appointed to the command, and Battery L, under his leadership, earned honor and fame, the former in being placed in the post of honor wherever and whenever hard fighting was to be done. Port Republic fight was the only one under Captain Robinson. It was in the spring of 1863 ordered to the Rappahannock, then to join in the seven days' fight which took place at that point soon after. They joined the Division at Chancellorsville, were ordered back one mile and went into camp. On Sunday, April 3, 1863, they were ordered to the front in double-quick, and took position on a slight eminence, within 300 yards of an open space in front of them. The rebels drove the Federal forces to this opening, when the batteries opened on them and they were compelled to fall back. The rebel sharpshooters began their work and four men of Battery L were wounded: John Reed, George Bodine, Joseph Livery and Frank Jeaugunot, all severely. Then, in the next attack, Lieutenant F. Dorriss and Corporal Fred Koehler were killed and Cassius Edmund severely wounded., Battery L was in the fight of Sunday, Monday and Tuesday; total loss, two killed, four severely and four slightly wounded. The bat. tery was handled in a manner to elicit praise from the General in command. After this battle they were sent to Banks's Ford. They left Banks's Ford, where they had done picket duty until June 13, when they went to Catlett's Station, thirty miles distant, on the Orange & Alexandria Railroad; from thence on to Manassas Junction, and from .there to Germ Springs and Leesburg to Edward's Fer- 176 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY. ry. A short rest was given them and then on to Frederick City; then Hanover, Penn., to Gettysburg, arriving at the latter place July 1, 1S63; July 2, they went into position at eight A. M. and at one o'clock the battle opened. At three o'clock the battery followed the Second Division of the Fifth Army Corps; they double-quirked and arrived on the field as the Third Army Corps were retreating, and the Second Division went into fight with Battery L as a support. Night closed the scene of ultimate advance and retreat.. The Second fell back in the rear of their battery, and the guns had become so hot as to blister the hand, but the rebels failed to reach the battery, being met with a storm of grapeshot, which sent them reeling back. The battle of Gettysburg was fought July 2 and 3, 1864, and it was the last desperate move of the rebel forces. They were not defeated, exactly, for they laid on the field of battle, but it was conclusive of their inability to cope with the federal forces. In this fight Battery L lost Hazlotte, killed, and Harrison, Massie and Ash Kleine, wounded. The following October the battery was again engaged, and on the 19th Captain Frank Gibbs and several of his men were severely wounded. The battery proved itself worthy of the confidence placed in it by the General in command. THE ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT. This regiment was organized in the fall of 1862, the company of Captain M. Coe, First Lieutenant Harry C. Dodd ridge being enrolled Aug. 20, 1862. Colonel Hawley had command and W. C. Appler became Quartermaster of the regiment. It was ordered to Kentucky, and went into camp at Camp Ashland, Nov. 30, 1862. About the first of January, 1863, they were placed on guard duty, principally on the line of the Kentucky Central Railroad. Three companies remained at Covington, or near there; three went to Cy nthi an a, and two to Paris. Up to April they were still scattered, some being at LaGrange, Tenn., some at Catlettsburg, Ky., and then at Paintsville, Ky., where they arrived in January, and were there on the 30th. The regiment left Kentucky on a steamer Feb. 14, arrived at Covington on the 18th, and remained there until May. The regiment was there changed from infantry to heavy artillery, to do only post-duty. Captain A. B. Coles's company was one of time two companies which were from Scioto County. The regiment remained until the winter of 1S63'64. During the latter year they were kept at different points on duty, and in January, 1865, were guarding rebel prisoners at Nashville, Tenn. About this time Captain Cole resigned on account of ill health. The regiment had no opportunity to signalize their bravery in battle, but the duty assigned them there was promptly and cheerfully performed. EIGHTY-FIRST REGIMENT O. V. I. This regiment had a few Scioto boys in it In Captain Win. C. Henry's company, one David Murphy, a private, on account of his penmanship and ability as a writer, was promoted from the ranks to a First Lieutenant and Adjutant in the One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Regiment, and was given clerical duty during his term of service. He was from Nile Township. It was at Pulaski, Lynnville and other places in Tennessee during the years 1863-'64, and East Port, Miss. It was in several battles and suffered pretty severely, and up toJuly 1, 1864, had lost the following, a portion being from Scioto County. CASUALTIES OF THE EIGHTY-FIRST REGIMENT. Company A—Captain Wm. H. Hill, commanding. Wounded—Jesse Baird, slightly in the right arm; Wm. Adams, slightly in hand; Eli Miller, slightly in shoulder; Aaron Circle, slightly in right hand; Sergeant R. K. Darling, slightly in lip. Company B—First Lieutenant G. W. Dixon, commanding. Killed — Thomas Crossly. HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 177 Wounded—Sergeant Gideon Ditto, slightly, wrist; W. A. Martin, severely in neck; D. H. Bush, slightly in hand. Company C—Captain Wm. H. Chamberlain, commanding. Killed—David Little, John Wiley. Wounded—John McAlpin, severely; Sergeant John Wilson, slightly in leg. Company D—Captain Noah Stoker, commanding. Wounded —E. C. Longabough, severely in mouth ; Campbell, wounded and taken prisoner. Company E—Firlt Lieutenant Jonathan .McCain, commanding. Loss none. Company F—First Lieutenant Chas. W. Lockwood, commanding. Killed—Sergeant James Crouthers. Wounded—Albert B. Baird, severely in five places; Robert Inscho, slightly; F. Ridenour, wounded, severely in arm; Samuel J. Rodgers, in thigh; Clark Richards, in back; Durbin French, in leg; N. Rowler, slightly in arm; Wm. Furnier, slightly in ankle. Company G—Captain Geo. W. Overmyer, commanding. Wounded—Wm. Kennell, J. K. Smith, in shoulder. Company H —Captain Wm. C. Henry, commanding. Sergeant Harry C. Doddridge, missing—supposed to have been taken prisoner. Wounded—Corporal Samuel T. Watts, severely in hack; Corporal W. H. Howard, in right lung; Wm. J. Kendall, slightly in finger; John Boynton, in arm. Company I— Captain Jas. Gibson, commanding. Wounded, G. W. Wise, slightly in left cheek, Sergeant T. N. Sellers, slightly in arm. Company It —Captain Chas. Lane, commanding. Killed —Benton Carr. Wonnded—Sam'l Shafer, severely; Jas. Muchler, in thigh. THIRTIETH REGIMENT, O. V. M. One Company, A, was from Scioto County, Captain W. W. Reilley, and recruited in August, 1861. Officers: W. W. Reilley, Captain; Thos. Hayes, First Lieutenant; Jerry Hall, Second Lieutenant; Henry McIntyre, First Sergeant; H. F. Wolf, Second Sergeant; F. James, Third - 12 - Sergeant; George Day, Fourth Sergeant; Gil Wait, Fifth Sergeant; Walker Mustan, First Corporal ; Jas. Warner, Second Corporal; S. E. Martin, Third Corporal; John H. Peck, Fourth Corporal; John Hey, Fifth Corporal; J. H. Sliarky, Sixth Corporal; T. B. Gaston, Seventh Corporal; R. Nealons, Eighth Corporal. It proved one of the best -regiments from Ohio. They were in some of the severest battles of the war. Captain Reilley left the company and Captain Thos. Hayes succeeded to the command. At Kennesaw Mountains, Henry McIntyre, from Scioto County, was severely wounded, and at the battle of Culpeper Court-House, Va., H. Howard, E. Meyler and Corporal A. Wolf were killed. Their time expired Sept. 19, 1864. THE SCATTERED. It seemed impossible to get all the whereabouts of the Scioto boys. They were badly scattered, enlisting here and there as fancy dictated. It is not intended to give in this history all the doings of the different regiments, but so much with their losses as will show to future generations the part Scioto took in the great struggle for the Union from 1861 to 1865. In our hunt the following scattering names were found here and there and they are given to finish the list of all that could possibly be found who left the county for the field of conflict. This chapter will be found to condense more of the war history of Scioto County than was ever placed together in one or many chapters. The Twenty-seventh Regiment, O. V. This regiment had one company partly made up from this county—Company G, under the command of Captain Frank Lynch. It was attached to the Army of the Southwest and was all through the Mississippi campaign. It met with a heavy loss at the battle of Corinth. Company G went into this battle with forty-two strong and met with a 178 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY, loss of sixteen, some being from this county: Killed—First Lieutenant Henry A. Webb; Private Samuel R. Turner. Wounded—Captain Frank Lynch; Second Lieutenant George W. Young; Sergeant J. H. Fullerton; Corporals, J. M. Stewart, Charles Statan, Privates, George W. Bruner, Cleanthus Burnett, J. W. Jenkins, Asa Radway, Orrin B. Gould, Philip R. Harpel, J. R. Thomas, A. J. McPheeson, Henry Wilson. The First Ohio Regiment had one company-made up from Portsmouth and Scioto County, Company G. This regiment stands in undimmed luster through all the trial of that desperate conflict. The Fifth Virginia, commanded by Colonel Jno. L. Zeigler, had quite a number of Scioto's hardy sons in its ranks. They fought " Mit Seigel" in the Valley of Virginia; was at Strasburg and Leroy and also at the battle of the Culpeper Court-House. The Twentieth Battalion, of 100 day's men, the call being made April 23, 1864, took out nearly three companies from Scioto County. They were commanded by Captains Reilley, Sontag and Barnes. They were badly scattered, some being put with Meigs County and others with Athens County. They had little experience outside of camp life. The One Hundred and Seventy-third Regiment was formed principally of re-enlisted men who had served three years. It was commanded by the gallant Colonel of the old Second Kentucky, JnQ. R. Hurd. Scioto County contributed sixty-three men to the tegiment, which was organized in September, 1864. It was ordered to Nashville, Tenn., and was in that city in October and November of 1864. The ladies of Gallipo]is presented the regiment with a banner. The Second Virginia, which performed active service in West Virginia and the valleys, was partly composed of Scioto volunteers. The Thirty-first Ohio boasted of a company of Scioto boys sixty strong under Captain Soule. They joined Sept. 11, 1861. The One Hundred and Fortieth, O. N. G., took out a few men from this county. They did duty in West Virginia, and at Bradford were detailed for provost duty. The Fifth German Regiment was partly made up from Portsmouth, Captain Sontag raising a company. He afterward resigned. The Eighteenth Ohio, a regiment that made a name for its fighting qualities, had Lieutenant Wm. M. Bolles in one of its companies. He was one of Scioto's heroes. First Ohio Sharpshooters looked to Captain C. A. Bartons. They were all the name implies and right nobly did their gallant Captain lead them. They were mustered in May 28, 1861. The Twenty-sixth Regiment, O. V. if had one company recruited by Captain Appler and afterward by Captain L. D. Adair, the former resigning. This regiment and Company I, commanded by Captain Adair, suffered terribly at Chickamauga. It was commanded by Colonel Young. Four citizens of Madison Township and six from Harrison joined Captain Baker's company, principally recruited at Athens, Ohio. This covered nearly all the forces that left Scioto County. It was a hard struggle, yet Scioto County did its full duty at home and abroad, and its record is found in these pages. When the glorious news came that General Lee had surrendered, then did Scioto County rejoice and the welkin rang with her shouts of gladness. The light was breaking in the east and the " night of her sorrow. was o'er." She could rejoice for she had done her duty to her own honor and the glory of her country. CHAPTER XI. THE CITY OF PORTSMOUTH-THE HOME OF BEAUTY, CULTURE, REFINEMENT AND WEALTH. RANK AND CLASSIFICATION. Portsmouth, situated at the confluence of the Ohio and Scioto rivers, is the largest city in the Lower Scioto country, and one of the most important in Southern Ohio. In the classification of cities it belongs to the third grade of the second class, ranking with Akron, Canton, Chillicothe, Hamilton, Sandusky, Steubenville, Youngstown and Zanesville, cities of the same grade, in Ohio. Its history dates properly from the year 1805, when its settlement was fairly begun. The locality has a history dating several years back of this, but it is a broken one. Evidences have been adduced, perhaps sufficient to establish its truth, that within two miles below Portsmouth a French fort was established as early as 1740. The story that four families came down the Ohio in 1785 from the Redstone settlement in Pennsylvania, and moored their boats for a time under the bank on which Portsmouth now stands, but were driven away by the Indians, is probably true; and that Alexandria was built, flourished and afterward died awtly is a well-known historical fact. It is true, also, that the land on which Portsmouth now stands had been partly cleared, and a plat made for a town in 1803, but a new plat was made in 1805, and upon that plat the town began its permanent growth. ALEXANDRIA, the predecessor of Portsmouth, stood about a mile further down the Ohio on the west bank of the old mouth of the Scioto. As this was the first town in the county, q,nd for a time the county seat, considerable pains has been taken to ascertain by whom it was settled and the more important facts in its early history. Mr. James Keyes, as a result of his re. searches, claims to " have very good authority for saying that James Munn moved up from Maysville (then Limestone) to Alexandria in the summer and fall of 1796." In the same connection he concludes that Mr. Munn was the fourth arrival, he being preceded first by Stephen Cary and Stephen Smith, followed by John Collins and very soon by Joseph Feurt. These data being correct, Alexandria was settled in the summer of 1796 by at least five families, those of Stephen Cary, Stephen Smith, John Collins, James Munn and Joseph Feurt. Just which of the two first named is entitled to the honor of priority cannot be determined. It is probable they came together. The original proprietor was Colonel Thos. Parker. He had received from the Government by patent, signed by John Adams, President, a part of survey 508 in the military district, and on a part of this land he had the town plat surveyed. The patent bears date of Feb. 15, 1798, and in the following year the town was laid out. The wisdom of its location seemed, for the time, apparent. Being at the mouth of the Scioto, it would be - 179 - 180 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY. the natural port of a large and fertile valley, which was already being selected by pioneers on account of its agricultural advantages. But the nature of the Ohio and the extent of its floods were not understood as now. It was afterward discovered that the highest part of the town plat was but fifty feet above low-water mark, so that the town was subject to overflow almost every year. It seems that Mr. Parker never came to his new possession, at least did not live upon it. His brother, Alexander Parker, came to have it surveyed, and he was afterward represented by John Belli, a refined and intelligent Frenchman, as his agent. The plat bears upon its margin' a notice by Mr. Belli that " the sale in Alexandria will commence at 12 o'clock, at the corner of Thomas street, on the river, on lot No. 19, dated June 4, 1799." A number of lots were doubtless sold on that day, although the earliest deers ara dated in 1892-'3, the purchasers paying a part down and receiving title bonds to secure the purchase until the final payment. Among the names that appear on the earliest deeds, as purchasers, are those of Wm. Russell, Phillip Dyer, David Gharky, John Belli, Christian Battleman, Thos. Waller, Thomas Collins, Conrad Thorne, Phillip Moore and Stephen Smith. John Collins, afterward Associate Judge, was a boatman, and established a sort of a warehouse and store on the bank of the river. David Gliarky was a German of good education, cabinet-maker by trade, and subsequently Auditor of Scioto County. Thomas Waller was a physician, native of Virginia, and came here from Pennsylvdnia in 1801 with his wife and infant daughter. The first school in Alexandria was taught by Wm. Jones, in 1800. Alexandria flourished for a time, and became a port of considerable importance to the travel to and from the settlement at Maysville and Cincinnati. The people who settled it were not mere hunters and adventurers, but seem to have been persons of good business judgment and advanced ideas of civilization. Fine buildings were erected, some two-story stone houses which stood long after the village had been abandoned. PORTSMOUTH PLATTED. Henry Massie, a brother of Nathaniel, who laid out the town of Chillicothe, purchased in 1801, on the opening of the land-offices, several sections of land on the east side of the Scioto, and in 1803 made the first plat of Portsmouth, so called from Portsmouth Va., the former home of Mr. Massie. In order to get it settled as soon as possible he made very liberal offers to the people of Alexandria, but only a few took advantage of the offer, most of them preferring to remain with their neighbors in the village, which had, up to this time, been a pleasant home, while the site of Portsmouth was a forest, swampy and dreary looking. It was not long, however, before a more than ordinary rise in the Ohio convinced them that Alexandria was not a safe place of residence and the migration began. This was probably in the spring of 1805, for the plat of Portsmouth was re-arranged in that year and prior to that time but two or three families occupied the place. Portsmouth’s life was Alexandria's death. The circumstances which were a fatal foreboding to Alexandria, put Portsmouth into active preparation to receive her small possession. The older town, after losing its best citizens, steadily declined. People kept leaving, but none came; buildings rotted or fell down, but none were built in their places; and finally, as if smitten with an everlasting plague, Alexandria became abandoned entirely. Much of the bank on which it stood and some of its stone houses have since been undermined by the current and have fallen into the river. At the present time (July, 1883) scarcely a trace of the village is left to mark the spot. At the lower end of the town plat the HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 181 Scioto approached within sixteen or twenty rods of the Ohio and then by a broad sweep to the west receded and entered the Ohio a mile below, thus forming a narrow isthmus and a wide peninsula of comparatively low and heavily timbered land. From this isthmus the plat extends eastward along the Ohio bank to the old Chillicothe road (now Chillicothe street), and north to the present limit of the city; all were out-lots, however, north of those bordering on what is now Second street. None of the streets, except Scioto and Market, still bear their original name. Beginning with Scioto, the most western, the streets running north from the river were: Scioto, Second West (now Massie), First West (now Madison), West (now Jefferson), Market, East (now Court), First East (now Washington) and Second East (now Chillicothe). Those running east and west were Water street called Ohio west of Massie (now all Front) and First street (now Second). Reservations of a double lot on the corner of Second and Chillicothe, and entire out-lot north of Fourth for school purposes, and a large lot about the corner of Market and Second for public buildings were made by Mr. Massie and donated to the town. The streets run at right angles, but those running north and south vary 2̊ 30" east. William Jones, who helped to lay out the town, was given a lot by Mr. Massie, which he sold for $5. EARLY REMINISCENCES. Emanuel Traxler was the first settler on the site of Portsmouth. The next was undoubtedly Uriah Barber, who settled on the plat, the same year, 1796, building the log house which stood for many years just east of the National Hotel, afterward he and John Jones purchased the first lots sold, lots No. 146 and No. 147. The daughter of Uriah Barber afterward Mrs. William Raynor, was the first white child born in Portsmouth. Another authority says that he lived across the Scioto, at Oldtown, till after the town was first laid out in 1803. The town was first built up in the extreme southwest corner near the isthmus where the surface rose fifteen or eighteen feet above the level of the peninsula. Here Elijah Glover built and kept the first tavern, in the east end of which Eli Glover afterward kept a book store and printing office. Near by General William Kendall kept the first store. Court was held here for the first few years in a. room of a private house or later in a warehouse of John Brown or the cooper shop of David Gharky. In fact the principal business was transacted here, and when a few years later a business building was put up on the corner of Market and Front streets it was said to be too far away from the business part of town. Log cabins and frame dwellings soon became scattered here and there over the plat. Dr. Thomas Waller had gone up as far as Front street, above Court, and built a hewed-log house, afterward weather-boarded. Three different authorities name as many men to whom the distinction of building the first brick house should be at tributed. They are Colonel McDonald, Jacob Clingman and Duncan McArthur. There seems to be no preponderance of evidence in favor of either, but it matters little. It was built in about 1808, before bricks were made in Portsmouth, they having been brought on a keel-boat from Maysville, Ky. It stood on the corner of Jefferson and Front streets. People kept coming now and then, most of them down the river by boat from other settlements along the line or directly from the Eastern States. A few, however, came by way of Chillicothe, having traversed the forests of' the interior of the State. Most of the business houses were on Front street near the western end, then called Ohio street. But very few brick houses were built during 182 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY. the first two decades, nearly all being one story frames and hewed-log houses. A few of these old buildings, both frame and brick, still remain and are used. What is said to be the first frame stands on Front street next to the old postoffice building. The early settlers generally hailed from several of the older States, principally Virginia, Pennsylvania or New Jersey. They came from all the different walks of life; many of them were adventurers impelled westward by the general tide of emigration and the promise of new country with great riches. Up to 1810 the country was so little opened and the population generally so sparse that Portsmouth numbered but 300 or 400 inhabitants, and business for the most part was but an interchange of products and commodities incident to and necessary in all small communities. CITY OFFICIALS, ETC. The town of Portsmouth was incorporated by an act of the State Legislature, passed Dec. 29, 1814. The first meeting of the President and Common Council took place in the county court-house, March 15, 1815. The council consisted of Thomas Waller , Nathan Glover, John Brown, David Gharky, Samuel B. Burt, Josiah Shackford, William Huston, William Kendall and Nathan K. Clough. Thomas Waller was elected President; N. K. Clough, Recorder, and David Gharky, Treasurer. The treasurer gave band in the sum of $500. The length of term for each councilman was determined by lot, as provided by law, and resulted as follows: Thomas Waller, Josiah Shackford and Nathan Glover, one year; John Brown, William Huston and David Gharky, two years; S. B. Burt, William Kendall and Nathan K.Clough, three years. Although it is recorded that the meeting took place in the county courthouse it must have been in an unfinished state, for that building was not made ready for occupation until the following year.   The only business transacted at the first meeting was the appointment of a committee to draft a set of rules and regulations for the government of the council, a set to govern the incorporated town, and the election of a town marshal. The committee consisted of Thomas Waller, William Huston and N. K. Clough; the marshal elect, the first to hold the office in Portsmouth, was William Swords.   At the second meeting, May 1, 1815, David Gharky and Nathan Glover were appointed to draft a bill levying a corporation tax; and S. B. Burt and Josiah Shackford to draft a bill regulating the tax on shows and theatrical performances. This second meeting was held in the house of Henry Sheely. Before the adjournment of this meeting, which lasted three days, the following bills were read a third time and became laws: To regulate streets and alleys; to regulate shows and theatrical performances; to restrain the conduct of boatmen and other persons; to designate the object of taxation and define the duties of the assessor; to create the office of assessor; to designate the duties of the marshal and regulate the fees of the president and marshal; to regulate executions; to regulate taxations; to remove nuisances. Many other bills were read either a first or a second time.   At this meeting a resolution to build a market house in town was adopted. The house was afterward built by John Brown, on the public ground where the Massie Block now stands, and opened for use May 30, 1824. Measures were also taken at this meeting toward improving the schools.   IMPROVEMENTS.   Very early in the history of the town the site was not attractive. Much of the grouni on the western part and north of what is now Second street was swampy in the wet season, and was filled with stagnant water and croak-   HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 183   ing frogs. The river bank was steep and muddy, and along the line of Second street was a second bank or bluffy ridge much steeper than now. But early steps were taken by the authorities, especially after the town's incorporation, to remedy the edefects, and many laudable measures were taken to secure neatness and health. Dogs were banished from the city limits entirely, by an ordinance passed in January, 1816. Hogs were prohibited from running at large by an ordinance of March, 1817. These ordinances were afterward both repealed. Repeated action was taken by the council during the first two years to have the town properly drained. In the fall of 1815 the supervisor of streets was instructed by the council to open all the ditches at the expense of the corporation if the regular corporation work was not sufficient.   The court-house, which stood in the center of Market street, about half way between Front and Second, was finished in the year 1816. The wood work and brick work were done by John Young. The jail, which stood near the northeast corner of Market and Second, was built by Elijah Glover. Among other prominent buildings erected in the earlier days of Portsmouth was a three-story brick on the northeast corner of Front and Market. It was built by Mr. Smith, the father of L. P. N., Charles and Joseph Smith, afterward well known in the city. In the third story of this building was the first public amusement hall. A large frame was built on the present site of the Buckeye Block, on Front between Market and Court streets, by a Mr. Caldwell and Dr. Prescott. It was occupied by them for a while, but afterward converted into a hotel and run by John Peebles, father of John G. It was at this house, in the year 1827, that a public reception was given in honor of Henry Clay, who stopped over night while on his way to Washington. Portsmouth demonstrated her admiration for the great statesman by a torchlight procession and a general " pow wow." In the course of the procession John H. Thornton, one of the prominent men in his day, who was bearing a torch, fell into an excavation for a new cellar and received severe injuries.   The first manufacturing establishment in Portsmouth of any consequence was the cotton spinning factory of David.Gharky, started in 1818. It was propelled by horse-power and superintended by Ed. Cranston, a machinist. The first flour-mill was started in the same year by Josiah Shackford, Daniel Corwin and others.   Mr. Gharky was a native of Germany, but came to America alone when a young man, and was among the first to settle in Alexandria. He was a man of honor and great industry but of a peculiar disposition. As well as among the first to settle Alexandria, he was one of the last to leave it, having moved up to Portsmouth in 1814. Immediately after coming to Portsmouth he established the first regular ferry across the Scioto River. He was a joiner by trade and worked in an old log shop with a large wood fireplace built with mud and sticks on the outside, as was customary in primitive days. He had a partner, Mr. John Simpson, and this is the firm that, after contracting with a farmer to build a windmill, built one in the shop too large to get out without tearing the shop down. They finally struck upon the idea of tearing the chimney away which allowed the machine to pass out. Mr. Gharky was a man of intelligence and industry, occupying several honorable positions in the early history of the town and county. He held the position of Town Treasurer, but resigned, in 1822, to accept the position of County Auditor, vice Wm. Kendall resigned. He strongly advocated, in 1822, the improvement of the river bank and the construction of a public wharf, but his motion was voted down. His foresight and business sagacity were not appreciated.   184 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY   Another early resident of striking character was Josiah Shackford. In early life he had been a sea captain, but for some unknown reason he abandoned his profession, his family, in fact everything relating to his former life, and drifting down the Ohio River landed at and concluded to make Portsmouth his home. He had means and relatives in the East, but he chose to live alone. He made his own house, two stories high, or double decked as he called it, and instead of having stairs, had a ladder by which to reach the upper deck, making it resemble a gan w y as much as possible. On retiring for the night in the upper apartment, the ladder was drawn up after him. He seems to have had no regular occupation, and spent much of his time in searching about the mounds and in various mysterious pursuits of which no One but himself knew. In the latter part of his life he might have been seen day after day, for long periods at a time, shut up in his house, earnestly working on a perpetual motion. While on the sea he is said to have crossed the Atlantic in a schooner with no companion but his New Foundland dog. He was given the honor of naming the first steamboat launched at this place, which he called Diana.   Aaron Fuller probably built the first steamboat immediately in the town, he having obtained privilege from the town council to construct a steamboat " on the commons in front of town," in the year 1829.   BUSINESS AND BANKING.   With her eight or ten establishments the business of Portsmouth had so far advanced by 1817 that the leading business men concluded that a banking establishment would be advantageous. Accordingly the passage of an act of the Ohio Legislature was secured, Dec. 16, 1817, establishing the Commercial Bank of Scioto at Portsmouth. It was chartered as a joint stock corporation, to continue until Jan. 1,'1843, with a capital stock of $100,000 to be divided into shares of $50 each. The following citizens were named as commissioners to control the bank until directors should be elected, viz.: Wm. Kendall, Wm. Lodwick, Thomas Waller, John Brown, Jr., Jacob Offnere, Joseph Waddle, Josiah Shackford, Nathan K. Clough, John H. Thornton, Wm. Daley and John R. Turner.   The bank did not open for business until the following fall. In the Portsmouth Gazette a meeting of the stockholders was advertised for Sept 3, 1818, stating that business would be opened immediately on the election of a Board of Directors and officers. The meeting and election resulted, in the choice of Thos. Waller, Jacob Offnere, Wm. Kendall, Wm. Daily, Wm. Lodwick, N. K. Clough, John R. Turner, Nathaniel Whitmore, Wm. Collins, Nathan Wheeler, Joseph Waddle, Daniel Corwin and Nathan Kinney as Directors; Thomas Waller, President of the bank, and Elijah McKinne, Cashier. The bank was at first kept on Front street, on corner of first alley west of Biggs House. Thomas Waller remained President until his death, in 1823, when he was succeeded by John R. Turner. McKinney was soon succeeded by Jacob Clingman as Cashier. At the time the bank quit business, in 1843, Samuel M. Tracy was President and Henry Buchanan, Cashier. Buchanan had been in the position since 1833. The bank on closing reported a surplus of $279,620.33 over its public liabilities. The capital stock had been raised to $275,195.91.   Feb. 27, 1820, the greatest fire yet known to Portsmouth came to make its effects felt by the new city. Fire broke out between two and three o'clock in the morning in the grocery of Mr. Bramble on Front street. It raged until four o'clock when it was put in check, after destroying eight buildings and a large amount of goods.   HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 185   The period from 1820 to 1827 witnessed no remarkable strides in the growth of Portsmouth. It was at best a straggling and rather an untidy village. The houses were widely scattered, and to nearly every one belonged a large garden, so that all were farmers to a small extent. It was for this reason, although the market-house stood ready to accommodate a busy traffic on market day morning between the rural inhabitants and the residents of the city, that but little, merchandise passed through its gates. Cattle ran at large in the streets and hog wallows ornamented the street corners and commons; and often some unfortunate shopkeeper or mechanic would arise in the morning to find that a stray cow or horse that had been let go without his yoke had broken into and destroyed his corn patch during the night. It was during this period that the city records show the intelligence of a man having been hired by order of the council to move the dog fennel from the streets of Portsmouth, for which said man was to receive $7 from the city treasury.   It was during these days of dog fennel and hog wallows that The town of Portsmouth rejoiced iu the possession of *what it called a "corporation bull." As this expedient of the old city fathers has ceased to be a public equipment, and its very name has long since passed into oblivion, the question might naturally arise to the reader, What was this corporation bull? It was not a power in the form of language such as used to issue from the pen of the Pope and be a terror to civil governments, nor was it a shining object such as the people of India fall down before and worship, but a veritable bovine, and belonged to the town as a body politic as much as the walls and battering rain of an ancient town or as your modern water-works. He was attended by his keeper like a wild beast at bay, and besides being an ornament to the town, served to inspire manly vigor and courage in the spectators when allowed to walk abroad in the streets.   It was also in this heroic era that a literary institution, called the Franklin Institute, flourished, giving an opportunity for the giant minds to expand and the weaker ones to draw inspiration. Before this assembly, one of Portsmouth's young Ciceros said, in eulogizing the merits of George Washington, that " he fought, bled and died for his country, then retired to priyate life."   On the 19th of May, 1823, a committee from the council having been appointed to report a plan for repairing the town well in front of the court-house, embodied in their report the following: " The committee further reports that from the best information they can obtain they are of the opinion that a pump thirty-six feet long, painted red, with a wooden handle, curbed with plank or timber, can be obtained for the sum of seventeen dollars." During this period the severe sickness in and about Portsmouth gave the town an unpropitious aspect and did much to retard its growth.   In 1827 it became known that this was to be the terminus of the Ohio Canal, and Portsmouth made one of those periodical starts which have characterized many parts of her history. The first start of this kind was immediately after the war of 1812. The growth continued until about 1820, after which, for a few years, a decided calm was experienced.   In the year 1827 an inventory of Portsmouth would have shown the following business and manufacturing establishments: One bank, four grocery stores, four dry-goods stores, two nail factories (they were made by hand), one cotton factory, one carding and one fulling machine, four cabinet shops, two warehouses, three blacksmith shops, one silversmith, one saddle shop, five carpenters, two hatters, one wheelwright and two English schools. The population was 570.   In the year 1827 the first attempt at estab-   186 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY.   lishing a seminary in Portsmouth was made by John C. Ashley and his wife. Ashley was a minister by profession and had lived in Portsmouth but a short time. The seminary proved unsuccessful.   In 1829 the important event of the conveyance to the city of the boat-landing ground between Front street and the river took place. A misunderstanding as to Mr. Massie's intention regarding that property had arisen, and for several years the question was one of anxiety on the part of those interested in the welfare of the city. Considerable time was spent in corresponding on the subject, and in 1827 James Lodwick was sent by the council to Louisville, Ky., to confer in person with Mr. Massie. .In July, 1829, Mr. Massie's proposition to convey to the town his estate here for the sum of $2,400 was accepted. The estate included, besides the strip of land and wharfage between Front street and the river, a tract of land west of the town limits, on the river bank. At the same time the council purchased lots No. 289 and No. 290 from Wm. Lodwick for $2,000. The description of the Massie property in front of the town was as follows: " The land east of Second East street and west of the lands owned by the heirs of Thomas Waller, and between the street contemplated to be run east and west along the second bank of the river and low-water mark."   In 1830 Portsmouth had a population of 1,378. She had three churches which had been established several years; the Masonic fraternity had made a strong footing and the public schools were being improved every year. Several manufactories of small magnitude were in operation, and in the following year the rolling mill, long known as the Gaylord Mill, was established here, the first to be constructed west of Wheeling. From this time on Portsmouth was identified as the metropolis of the iron region in Southern Ohio. The iron manufacturing industry, as many others, has constantly grown in proportion to the growth of the town to the present day.   FROM 1830 TO 1840.   The decade from 1830 to 1840 witnessed considerable advancement in the town, the population having just doubled. The canal business, which grew rapidly during this period, doubtless added greatly to the activity.   As yet the manufacturing interests had not grown to any importance, the old rolling-mill being the only establishment of magnitude.   A fire swept over the block in which the Biggs House now stands in 1835.   In 1838, by an ordinance passed on May 4, the the streets were re-named, and were given the names they now bear.   The Portsmouth Insurance Company was started in 1838.   In 1839 the project of building the Portsmouth and Columbus turnpike was fully set on foot. By an ordinance of the council of Portsmouth, passed Aug. 2, 1839, they provided for a loan of $20,000 to pay their subscription of that amount to the turnpike company. Certificates of_ loan were issued by the proper authorities on the part of the town in sums of $5 and $10, naming seven per cent. as the interest paid.   In 1840 the population was 2,500.   In the year 1842 the Damorin & Henking Flouring Mill was established, and in the same year a linseed oil mill and a lard oil manufactory were started. The two latter were of short life.   In 1849 another big fire visited Portsmouth. On the 30th of April fire broke out in the tin shops of Joseph Tritsch, on Front street, near the corner of Madison. The weather was windy, and before it could be stopped one third of a square was burned over, consuming twenty buildings. Sixteen families were left   HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 187   without homes. The total loss amounted to between $10,000 and $12,000. Mr. Tritsch, the heaviest loser, lost besides all of his property $300 in money, which was in his house.   By an ordinance passed April 6, 1849, the town subscribed $100,000 to capital stock of the Scioto & Hocking Valley Railroad. This road was completed to Jackson in 1852, and put in running order to Hamden by 1856, which, by its connection with the Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad, gave Portsmouth railroad connection with the East and West.   In 1850 the population had reached 3,867.   For the ten years following 1850 Portsmouth made several important steps toward advancement.   In the year 1851 an act was passed by the State Legislature, incorporating Portsmouth as a city.   In an ordinance passed in March, 1852, roviding for the election of the corporate officers of the " city Of Portsmouth," the Cowing officers were named as constituting he cit y government: Mayor, treasurer, marshal, city clerk, city surveyor, wharf-master, street commissioner, clerk of the market, inspector of domestic spirits, inspector of flour, measurer of wood and coal, and weigher of hay. Under the head of Ward officers were councilmen, trustees of public instruction, watchman and health officer.   The office of surveyor of the town was established in April, 1848; that of wharfmaster in January, 1852; that of city clerk in February, 1852; the city watch was established in December, 1851; the offices of wood and coal measurer and board measurer were estabished in 1852, and the office of sexton of the city cemetery in May, 1851.   In 1856 the following manufactories, with the date of their establishment as far as known, were in operation: Portsmouth Iron Works, 1831; Portsmouth Manufacturing 1Establishment, 1840; Portsmouth Brewery, 1840; Portsmouth Woolen Mill, 1847; Fuller & Cary's Sash Factory, 1847; Rhodes's Planing Mill, 1850; Scioto Foundry, 1853; Portsmouth Ax Factory, 1854; Scioto Rolling Mill, 1855; Portsmouth Gas Light Company, 1855; Purdom's Door, Sash & Blind Factory, 1855; Washington Foundry and Machine Shops, 1856; People's Foundry, Heggie & Lewis's Wheelbarrow Factory, Hall's Wheelbarrow Factory, Soap & Candle Factory and a Mineral Water Factory.   PORTSMOUTH DRY DOCK AND STEAMBOAT BASIN COMPANY.   In 1851 a map was gotten out showing the property of the above named company, which consisted of 5,630 lots on the west side of the mouth of the Scioto and a canal basin connected with the State canal by a branch running directly south from a little above the third lock. At the foot of the title of the map in one corner was the announcement: " 2,000 lots selected from this parcel to be sold on the 15th May, 1851, in this city by A. H. Muller, Auctioneer."   This was one of the visionary schemes which imaginative minds delight to dwell upon, and of which Portsmouth has had no little experience. The great silver shaft of Indian tradition, within five miles of the city, presented a Utopia scarcely less charming than this one.   The plat was made for a magnificent city on the wide bottom west of the mouth of the Scioto, extending back to the hills. Seventy-seven streets were laid out an named, and generous reservations for parks were made. Had this magnificent project been fulfilled, and the imagined city taken shape, Portsmouth would now have been the rival of, or probably superior to, Cincinnati. The company of men who conceived and took the initial steps of this project were from New York City. They were attracted to this point by the termination of the Ohio Canal,   188 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY.   which many thought would make this a shipping and transfer point of great magnitude, since through it would pass all the trade between the North, East and the great West, which was now being rapidly settled.   The first representative of the company here was a Mr. Stockwell, who, after the failure of the scheme, went to Wisconsin, from which he afterward represented a district in Congress. About the same time, or perhaps after Mr.Stockwell had left, a 1VIr.Stillwell, resident of Brooklyn, represented the company here. Their resident agent, who purchased the land (between 500 and 600 acres) and surveyed and platted the city, was Captain Francis Cleveland, an old resident of this city.   Many lots were sold at the sale above referred to and a block of three-story brick buildings was erected near the basin between the Ohio and the old bed of the Scioto, used for warerooms. Considerable business was done for a time in the transfer of goods, and with the attractions for other branches of business which were being drawn around it the anticipations of the projectors seemed to be on the way to realization. But the high water of the rivers overflowed the land, which was an interference not bargained for. At the same time business began to be taken away from the canal by the railroads, and the embryo city gradually passed out of existence. No trace of the buildings erected there are now to be found. The city plat has long since been cancelled.   In December, 1853, Tracy Square was accepted by the council, in which to establish the city park.   To show the material growth of the city for the period of ten years preceding 1857, the following figures, showing the taxable valuation, are given: Valuation in 1847, $553,200; in 1853, $1,259,187; in 1857, $2,447,624.   Since 1837 the town had been spreading back from the river and covering that portion north of Fourth street which prior to that date was covered with forest trees. A general system of wharfage was established in 1852 and extensive improvements were made at the boat-landing, while the public schools, churches, merchandising establishments, both wholesale and retail, and industries generally were all rapidly growing in importance. The first business directory of Portsmouth was published in the year l'856, compiled by Samuel P. Drake. It. was a meager affair of eighty pages, bound only with a paper cover and much resembling an old school primer; but it served its purpose, being in keeping with the:city at that tune, and we hereby acknowledge our indebtedness to it and its author for a knowledge of the city at that time.   By 1860 the population had reached 6,055, nearly double that of 1850. Not only in name but in reality this decade saw Portsmouth transformed from a town into a city.   During the decade following 1860 the growth was steady, although the per cent. of increase was smaller than in the preceding decade. The city constantly extended its limits, and by 1867 the lots most sought were those in the northeastern part of the city, north of Seventh and east of Chillicothe streets. This tract had been but a shirt time before an open common—the home of vagrant geese and browsing cows. To give an idea of the growth of the city during this period, which seemed to be another of those periodical starts, the following building statistics for the year 1869 are given: Number of bricks laid in the city, 6,437,508 (during the year 1868 about 4,000,000 had been laid); number of bricks made in the city, 5,425,000; brick buildings erected, 48; frame buildings erected, 128; buildings remodeled, 32; estimated cost of all, $482,070.   A seminary called the Portsmouth Female Seminary was established here by an incorporated company Aug. 2, 1867. The capital   HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 189   stock was $50,000, taken by the following gentlemen, who composed the company: B.B. Gaylord, President; J. F. Towle, Secretary; L. C. Damarin, Treasurer; W. H. Lampton, J. L. Watkins and Wells A. Hutchins. A building and large lot were secured at the head of Second street at'a cost of $30,000, and the seminary entered upon its career. It was continued quite successfully, for about six years, when, for want of patronage, it began gradually to decline. The property is still held by the company and the charter retained, but no attempt has been made to conduct a school for, several years.   In 1870 the population was 10,592;in 1875, according to a local census, it was 13,731, and in 1880 it was 11,321. The decade feom 1870 to 1880 brought the street railway, the water-works, the public reading rooms and the free library in the way of public improvements. Many new buildings, some of the finest in the city, were constructed during this period. In business circles a growing interest set in, and in society a spirit of refinement began to prevail. Within the last ten years a large proportion of the manufacturing establishments have started, and as a manufacturing city it has few superiors of its size. The shipping advantages of the river And the two railroads from the north have given Portsmouth excellent communication with the outer world.   The aggregate sales of merchandise in Portsmouth in 1880 amounted to $1,896,000, while her 181 manufacturing establishments turned out, in the same time, goods to the amount of $1,683,700.   Portsmouth has long enjoyed the reputation of being the handsomest town on the Ohio River. It being the metropolis of an important mining region and itself filled with smoking furnaces and various manufactories, a stranger might reasonably picture to himself a dreary city filled with impenetrable smoke and the streets filled with rattling coal carts and iron wagons. But nothing is farther from the truth. The city is clean and well shaded with trees. Many master-pieces of architecture deck different parts of the city, and her numerous lawns and flower-gardens make Portsmouth attractive and pleasant as a place of residence.   In the near vicinity are several points from which a beautiful view is commanded, notably on the Kentucky side of the river, where the hills rise abruptly from the water's edge to a height of nearly 600 feet; from one point a clear view of more than twelve miles each way is had. The Scioto Valley extending to the north—a broad and level plain with the winding river down its center—is a scene of magnificence. The Ohio bottom, all of which is north of the river at this place, is a broad expanse extending to the east and west. Back from the rivers where the hills begin the rise is abrupt, making an environment resembling a huge wall.   THE ACCESSION OF WAYNE TOWNSHIP.   A petition had been presented to the city council, to annex to the city of Portsmouth all that part of Wayne Township not already included within its limits. The council of Jan. 17, 1868, pa'ssed an ordinance submitting the matter to a vote of the people April 6, 1868, when it was carried by a vote of 1,370 for the annexation and only twenty-two against it. As the vote was almost unanimous, the council at its session, held July 22, 1868, made the following order on the petition to carry out the affirmative expression of the vote of the people: " For the purpose of hearing and considering the above petition of the city of Portsmouth by its common council, it was ordered, after due deliberation, that as the evidence showed that the laws of the State had been complied with by said petitioning city, that from this date all that part of Wayne Township heretofore lying east of the .present corporation line, and also north of said line   190 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY.   and east of a line commencing at a point in the line between Wayne and Clay townships north 87 1/2 degrees west 43 poles and 17 links of the center of the Columbus and Portsmouth turnpike; thence south 12 1/2 degrees east 24 poles to a stake; thence along foot of high bank with the meanders thereof south 22 degrees east 20 poles to a stake; thence south 12 1/2 degrees east 24 poles to a stake; thence south 20 degrees west 52 poles to a stake. in the south line of lot No. 9, of the Kinney division in Wayne Township, and in the north line of said present corporation of the city of Portsmouth, shall be annexed to and become ,part of said city of Portsmouth, and by consent of the city council of the city of Portsmouth duly and legally certified the remaining part of said Wayne Township lying west of the last above described line, shall be annexed to and become part of Clay Township, as per petition of S. W. Cole and J. R. Richardson on file with plat and original papers.   “ JOHN MCDOWELL,     “ C. F. BRADFORD,  “ ISAAC H. WHEELER, Coms. of Scioto County."   Politically speaking Portsmouth is Republican in politics. The First and Third wards are Democratic, and the Second, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth are Republican.   The assessed valuation of Portsmouth in the year 1880 was $1,978,914.   To a truly philosophical mind it matters little what the name of a place or person may be so far as its proper history is concerned, but since there is another theory as to the origin of the name of Portsmouth than the one given in the early part of this sketch, grounds for a nice controversy are presented.   In January, 1874, the mayor received from the mayor of Portsmouth, N. H., two views of that city accompanied with a statement of their desire to cultivate friendly relations with " its namesake," in Ohio. The views were accepted, framed and hung up in the council chamber as a memento from the " mother city." This is in conflict with the theory that Henry Massie, the founder, gave it the name of Portsmouth in honor of his former home, a town of the same name in Virginia. The arguments in favor of the New Hampshire town are all confined to Josiah Shackford, an early resident of this place. In a lecture delivered by E. Glover, Esq., in 1873, an explanation of the name is given, which is probably the one which determined the action of the council in acknowledging the New Hampshire town as the true mother city. In this address Mr. Glover after relating quite a romantic his tory of Captain Shackford, his marriage to his step-sister in Portsmouth, N. H., where he himself lived but a few days, his wife's refusal to go and live at New York as he desired, his roving life on the waters and his 'voyage from France to South America alone, his return to his wife to take tea and leave her immediately never to return, his travel to and location in Ohio, imagines he sees him approaching the site of Portsmouth as its first white settler. He imagines he sees him alone "standing on the prow of his boat as he rounded the eastern bend, and with his keen eye took in the brilliant autumn foliage of the towering forest that then clothed the site of our beautiful city, framed in and adorned all around by the lofty and gracefully curved mountains, kindling with enthusiasm; and hear him exclaim Eureka! land here!'" " He did land," says the author " went up the valley, found a tract of land three or four miles from here that pleased him and secured it, and with his native energy prepared to make it his home. But learning that General Massie had secured a large body of land bordering upon the two rivers, he sought his acquaintance, was told that he intended soon to lay out a town upon the bank of the Ohio, and determined to take a part in the movement. He was undoubtedly present at the first steps, even to the suggesting of the name of the town."   In his solution the author totally ignores   HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 191   the existence of Alexandria, the story of whose first settlement many now living in Portsmouth have heard from their parents, and the General moved from that town to this several years later, as remembered and related by persons now living. In all this the name of Shackford does not appear.   May 8, 1807 (as the records show), lot No. 17 on Front street, east of Market, was deeded to Josiah Shackford by Henry Massie for the sum of $50. If Mr. Shaekford was a shrewd and talented business man . and had so much to do with the laying out and early history of Portsmouth, " even to the suggesting of the name," he should have availed himself of the opportunity and bought lots in the western and more desirable part of town, many of which had been sold the year before for $1 each, but so advanced in value that, in less than four months after its purchase for $1, one of them was sold for $220.   The tract of land three or four miles up the valley that Mr. Glover says Captain Shackford secured and began to prepare for his home before learning of "General " Massie's intentions to lay out a town, was not secured by him until 1812, just five years after his purchase of lot No. 17, in the town of Portsmouth. As stated by Mr. Glover, the land lies about four miles up the valley, being the northwest quarter of section 32, town 2, range 21, conveyed by the United States to Josiah Shackford, Dec. 11, 1812.   No purchase could have been made by Mr. Shackford prior to the dates given because his name does not appear anywhere on the official records, which contain scores of laud transfers all along back to the year 1802.   The story of Captain Shackford's having come from Portsmouth, N. H. gnd being identified with the earliest history of this place as one of its most enterprising and liberal founders, and even suggesting the name, though vague and indefinite, has been repeated for years back and believed in by many, and finally found a culmination in being recited from a public lecture platform by the Hon. E. Glover, lately deceased. No other evidence of the claim of the New Hampshire town has been discovered.   As before stated, the original plat bears date of June 23, 1803, the plan of the town being signed by Henry Massie, and is there on called the "Town of Portsmouth." Nothing is more natural, therefore, than that Henry Massie, the founder of the town, named it without the aid of anyone, and called it " Portsmouth" after his former home, Portsmouth, Va.   ADDITIONS TO THE CITY OF PORTSMOUTH.   It is not intended here to give a description of all the additions made to the city or to notice the subdivisions of lots and tracts already belonging to the city; but to give the location of the more important additions as near as possible without going into the minutiae of a surveyor's language, and to give the dates of their annexation, thereby presenting an idea of the growth of the city by the extension of its borders.   The tract of land on which the city is built was deeded to Henry Massie by the Government in February, 1801. The tract contained 125 acres, a part of the military warrant No. 4,615. The first plat for a town was made in June, 1803, by Henry Massie, but it was replatted in 1805. Market street was laid out six rods wide. Water street, (now Front), five rods, and all the- rest four rods wide. The alleys were each one rod wide and the in-lots five rods front by eight rods deep. The extent of the town then as laid out reached east to Chillicothe street and north to the first alley above Second. The plat of 1803 extended east only to the first alley east of Jefferson street. The first addition was made in 1826 by Elijah Glover. It consisted of a tract embodying nine lots south of Fourth street and east of   192 - Hi8TORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY.   Court. Three of the lots were south of and bordering on Third street.   Jacob Offnere's Addition (1829) lies east of Jefferson street between the northern limit of the old plat and Fourth street.   Canal Addition, made also in 1829, was one of very large dimensions and has since constituted a valuable portion of the city. It extended from Madison street to Chillicothe, and from the old plat north to Fifth street, on the west side, out to Sixth, on the east side of Market street. The several persons owning this land and making the addition were John F. Barr, John McDowell, Wm. Kendall, Jacob Clingman, Isaac Noel, Henry Brush, W. Lodwick, N. W. Andrews and Wm. Oldfield.   Wm. Oldfield's Addition (1830) lies between Washington and Chillicothe streets, and between the first alley below Sixth, and Seventh street.   John, F. Barr's Addition (1833) is all east of Chillicothe street, and north of the first alley below Sixth. Part of it extends past Bond street, on the east, and to Ninth street, on the north. The greater part of this addition lies between Chillicothe and Gay streets.   G. Lord's Addition, laid out in 1833, was west of the mouth of the Scioto, along the bank of the Ohio. It was never built up.   Moses Thompson's Addition, laid out in 1833, occupies the extreme eastern part of the city. It extends north from the Ohio, on both sides of Thompson street, nearly to Gallia street.   MC Connell's Addition (1834) consists of a square bounded by Third, Gay, Second and Chillicothe streets.   J. L. Martin's Addition (1839) was an addition of out-lots east of Chillicothe and north of Mill street.   Corwine and Offnere's Addition (1843) was made by George Corwine and Jacob Offnere. It consists of four lots on the northeast corner of Mill and Chillicothe streets.   David Jones’s Addition (1843) lies between Second and Third streets, on each side of Court street, extending half-way to the adjoining streets.   E. Waller's Addition (1846) consists of a row of blocks on the east side of Waller street, extending from the river north to Second street.   Peck, Bond and Linton's Addition was made in 1847, by William V. Peck, Wm. K. Bond and David Linton. It lies between the Ohio River and Gallia street, and extends from Gay street east to about half way between Linton and Waller streets. A neck on the eastern part runs north of Gallia.   John F. Barr's Addition was made in 1848. It embraces a large tract in the shape of a cross extending from Court to Waller stre et in its greatest width from east to west, and from Gallia to Thirteenth from south to north. Tracy Square, the City Park, is near the center of this addition. George Ball's Addition (1868) is a small tract on the northeast corner of Gallia and Offnere streets. Wells A. Hutchins's Addition (1868) lies between the first alley below Ninth and the first alley above Tenth, extending about thirty rods of and ten rods west of Waller street.   Annexation of Wayne Township (1868).—After a vote taken in the city on April 6, 1868, in which there were 1,337 votes cast for and 22 votes cast against the annexation, the corporation was made to cover the entire township of Wayne.   T. C. Searl's Addition (1869) embraces a portion of the Morgan tract in the northeastern part of the city, lying between Eleventh and Twelfth streets.   Daniel McFarland's Addition (1870) lies west of Offnere street, north and south of Twelfth street.   Noel and McElhany's Addition (1870) lies immediately north of Ball's Addition, extending to Tenth street.   C. C. Cole's Addition (1879) lies west of   HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 193   Chillicothe street, in the extreme northern part of the city.   Richard Lloyd's Addition (1872) consists of a row of lots extending west from Cemetery street along the south side of Ninth street.   C. A. Barton and F. C. Gibbs's Addition (1872) consists of a row of lots on the east side of Waller street, extending from Fourth to Gallia.   H. R. Kinney's Addition (1873) is a suburban addition of twelve acres lying north of the old corporation line.   Portsmouth Real Estate Co.'s Addition (1878) consists df a row of blocks on the east side of Campbell avenue, running from Jackson to Gallia street.   Peter Kinney's Addition (1878) lies between Fourteenth and Fifteenth streets, and extends from Chillicothe street east beyond Wailer street.   Green's Addition (1879) lies between Fourth and Gallia, and extends east from Linton about 160 rods. It was laid out by the county sheriff, and sold to satisfy a legal claim against the owner, Chas. S. Green.   W. L. Adams's Addition (1882) comprises that part of the city bounded by Adams, Campbell, Seventh and Eighth streets.   Glover's Addition (1882),by Sarah J. Glover, embraces the tract bounded by Gallia, Offnere Fourth and Union streets.   What are known as Gaylord's, Poyntz's. Johnson's, King's, Albert & Campbell's, Bell's, Clingman's, etc., were only subdivisions of lands already in the city limits, and covered by the foregoing additions. Perhaps the most important of these were Albert & Campbell's Addition, which was a subdivision of eighty-four acres in the northeastern part of the city, lying east of Union street.   - 13 -   CHAPTER XII.   EDUCATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS AND GENERAL PROGRESS.   PORTSMOUTH PUBLIC SCHOOLS.   The public school system of Portsmouth, at the present day, will compare favorably with any in the State. The chain of available facts is not a continuous one. Many reports and documents filed away in the council chamber in the Massie Block were destroyed in the disastrous conflagration of 1871.   Portsmouth was incorporated as a town March 1, 1815, under an act of the Legislature the year previous. Henry Massie had donated to the town; for school purposes, lot No. 130 and lot No. 143, comprising one tract upon which the Second street school building now stands. He also donated for the same purpose out-lot No. 39, which comprises a square plat on the northwest corner of Fourth and Court streets, running 355 feet on Fourth, and 445 feet on Court. The Fourth street school-building occupies a portion of this lot. In 1823 Clarkson Smith rented a log house, then standing on the Second street lot, for $25 per year, in which he taught a pay school. The furniture of this house was of the most primitive sort. The benches were of slabs, with riven legs, and without backs. Perhaps they varied in height to accommodate the various 'stages of youthful physical development. The desks were wide boards, adjusted against the wall, at which the scholars took turns at writing. They also served as receptacles for hats, bonnets and shawls, dinner-baskets and buckets. The fire-place was wide and deep, and its capacity for wood, though great, was never the   - 19 -   subject of mean comment, for the adjacent forest primeval was lavish in its offerings, and the big boys were ambitious to display their skill in the use of the ax, the great leveler of the forest and the forerunner of civilization, while the big girls looked on, admired, and selected their heroes.   In 1824 Uriah White rented oat-lot No. 39, for which he was to cut the trees and clear the ground. He, in turn, rented the same to John H. Thornton for $6.181 per year. In 1829 George Ross Kelley taught the first free school in the frame building now occupied as a dwelling by Phillip Jung, near the corner of Third and Washington streets. It continued only three months. The public funds contributed to its support arose from the interest on the sales of the lands of section 16, and were exhausted at the expiration of that time. In 1834 a public school-house was erected on lot 215, abutting on what is now known as Locust alley, east of Madison street and between Front and Second streets. In this building Mr. Mears taught a pay school the same year, and here, in 1836, William S. Morrill taught a free school. In 1836 a company of gentlemen, consisting of James Lodwick, Washington Kinney and Peter Kinney, desiring to establish a Select Female School, received as a donation from the city a lot on the corner of Fifth and Court streets, on which, at a cost of $900, they erected a two-story brick house, the lower story of which was used as a school-room, while the second story was used only by the All Saints'   - 194 -   HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 195   Church Sunday-school, access to which was by an outside stairway. This building was long known as the Seminary and is now used for the public library. In a few years the public school system having received a new impulse by the provisions of the special act of the Legislature in 1838, the city council purchased this building and the ground previously donated for $1,200, and it has ever since done duty as a school-house.   By a provision of the town charter, as amended, the control of the schools was vested in the town council in 1838.   In 1836 the whole number of youth enumerated was 454. In 1837 the value of school buildings is recorded as being $500. They consisted of the one in the lower or First Ward, which was a frame house, a mere shell, with weather-boarding battened, and the log house on the corner of Second and Chillicothe streets. The enumeration of the white children and youth of school age was 278 males and 269 females, Attendance for more than two months and less than four months was twenty-eight males and twenty-two females. Attendance at private schools, forty. Total public funds in the treasury, $529.80; total amount paid teachers, $277.   On June 1, 1838, a contract was entered Into with Ratcliff & Shultz to build a public school-house on Fourth street for $5,450. An Ad report describes this building as follows: This edifice is constructed on the model of the Boston and Cincinnati school-houses, so remarkable for elegance of external aspect and convenience for the purpose designed. It is three stories in height, and has six rooms, capable of accommodating 800 scholars." The final cost of this building, when the extras were paid for in final , settlement, was .$5,810.15. The building was completed in 1839. It was built under the direction of a committee of the city council, consisting of Joseph Riggs, Conrad Overturf and Gideon J. Leete.   The town charter, as amended in 1838, placed the common schools under the control of the president and common council, who were authorized and required, at the expense of the town, to provide for the support of the common schools therein. This body had power to levy taxes for the erection of buildings, to purchase lots of ground for that purpose; also to levy taxes to defray the expenses of teachers and fuel, and to furnish the buildings with convenient seats, apparatus, etc.   By an ordinance passed Sept. 21, 1838, the town was divided into three districts, the First, Second and Third wards comprising respectively the First, Second and Third districts. The ordinance further provided that, as soon the school-house then being built should be completed, the trustees should immediately employ teachers to open schools therein, which should be free and open to all the white children and youth between the ages of four and twenty years, to be so continued and free until suitable houses should be erected in each of the districts. One trustee should each year be elected from each district to serve three years, who, together with a Board of Visitors, consisting of five persons, should have oversight and management of the schools.   In 1839 Washington Kinney, Joshua V. Robinson and Gideon J. Leete were elected Trustees, and the council appointed as Examiners Dr. G. S. B. Hempstead, Edward Hamilton, John McDowell, William V. Peck and Samuel Tracy.   The only record of the names of teachers and the wages they received per month, prior to 1839, that can be found, is, as follows : W. K. Scott, $37.50, Mrs. M. A. Wilcox, $29.16; Miss Thankful Graves, $16.33; Miss Harriet Ratcliff, $16.33. This was for the year 1838.   In 1833 a public school was taught in a two-story frame building on the east side of Jefferson street, between Second and Third streets, by Miss Eliza Ratcliff (afterward   196 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY.   Mrs. J. W. Purdum) and John Clugston. The building still remains and is occupied as a dwelling. In 1836 a school-house was built on the sight now occupied by All Saints' Episcopal Church. It was a one-story frame building, and remained in use as a, school building until the completion of the Fourth street school-house in 1139, after which it was the residence of Rev. E. Burr, until 1850, when it had to give way to the church now standing there.   In August, 1839, the schools were organized in the new Fourth street building, with the following corps of teachers A. L. Child, Superintendent: Miss T. Graves (afterward Mrs. Gray); Miss Harriet Ratcliff; Miss M. A. Wilcox, Principal of Female Department, and a male teacher whose name cannot be ascertained.   The following is a copy of the first official report made by Mr. Child to the Town Council's Coin mitte on Public Schools:   " PORTSMOUTH., Dec. 8, 1840.   "Dear Sir : From the examination of our Registers, I find that the average daily attendance, the year past, has been about 245.   "Yours, respectfully,   A. L. CHILD."   " Mr. GREGORY."   On the same paper, in another hand-writing, is found a financial summary as follows : " Amount paid for tuition, $2,013.88; ditto for water, etc., $14.62; ditto for coal, $50; total expenditure, $2,078.50."   The annual report for the year ending June 24, 1842, shows an enrollment of 468, and an average daily attendance of 220.   "Of the pupils enrolled during the year, there were : Between the ages of 15 and 20, 36; 10 and 15, 124; 6 and 10, 199; 4 and 6, 109.   The daily attendance, compared with the number enrolled, showed an average absence of more than one-half of the school.   Dec. 6, 1841, an evening school was opened under the charge of Mr. Child, and continued until Feb. 1, 1842, and was then closed on account of irregular attendance. Thirty-two pupils were enrolled, while the average attendance was but fifteen.   The report proceeds to state : " The teachers, with the respective times which they have served, are as follows: Mr. A. L. Child Superintendent, three years; Miss T. Graves (now Mrs. Gray), three years; Miss H. Ratcliff, three years; Mrs. M. A. Wilcox, Principal of the Female Department,.two and one-half years; Miss E. Waller, three months.   " The teachers engaged for the ensuing year are the same as above, with the exception of Mrs. Gray. Her place will be takeh by Miss E. Young. An engagement has also been made with Miss E. McCarrell as a sixth teacher, for which the increased number of pupils of the latter part of the year justifies the demand."   The schools were divided into two departments—Male and Female, each department occupying respective rooms in the house. Arid again, each department was divided into three grades, according to age, attainments, etc.   The aggregate receipts for the support of the common schools from their commencement in 1839 to the end of the school year of 1842 was $6,615.03. Total expense for the same time, $5,502.66. One considerable source of revenue at this time was the rent arising from the lots granted by Henry Massie. The entire amount paid to teachers for the school year 1841-'42 was $1,690.05. The first annual report was published in June, 1843. According to this, A. L.. Child was superintendent of the entire school and teacher of the first male department. He was assisted by five teachers, all ladies. For the year ending. June 25, 1843, 535 pupils were enrolled, the average daily attendance being 265. The school year ending in July, 1845, was one of great improvement in the management of the public schools. A. J. Rickoff was the Superintendent, and the   HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 197   Board of Trustees consisted of Messrs. Moses Gregory, John L. Ward and John Ratcliff. The Superintendent received $45 a month, and the assistants $20, $16, $15 and $12 a month.   In their report of this year, the board recommended that the council procure suitable lots of ground in the First and Third wards on which to erect school-houses in the future. It was plainly evident at this time that additional school room would have to he provided in the near future. All the schools were taught in the Fourth street building, which contained but eight rooms. Some of the rooms were sub-divided by board partitions, and the demand for more rooms thus temporarily supplied. The old seminary building was moved into, which furnished two rooms, but the insufficiency of this addition was soon apparent. The Board of Directors then contracted with Wm. Newman and J. W. Perdum to build on the school lot at the corner of Second and Chillicothe streets, a house three stories high and to contain twelve rooms. The whole cost was $7,184. It was built in accordance with the most approved style of architecture at that day.   By a special act of the Legislature, passed March 1, 1851, Portsmouth became a city. The then existing government of the schools by council, trustees and examiners was incorporated in the new charter, and the duties of these boards minutely set forth. The city council was authorized and required to provide at the city's expense, for the support of common schools therein; the city to be divided by territorial limits and bounds into school districts, due regard being had for the present and prospective population of each, and from time to time to make such alterations of the limits and boundaries as might be deemed necessary, more effectually to secure equal advantages and accommodations for the education of all white children therein. Authority was given to purchase in fee simple, or receive as donation for the use of the city, such lots of ground as might be necessary in addition to the grounds already appropriated to that object, as sites for the erection of school-houses therein, the city to defray the expenses of building, keeping in repair, furnishing the same, etc. A tax of two mills on the dollar was authorized to be levied upon all the property in the City, to meet all expenses incurred in the purchase of lots of land, for the erection of houses, and the income thus arising, together with rents, were made a special incontrovertible fund for that purpose.. An additional levy of three mills on the dollar was authorized to defray the expenses of teachers and fuel and other contingent expenses, these schools to be at all times free and accessible to white children not less than five years old, residing in the city.   All the revenue arising from the taxation of black and mulatto persons was set apart exclusively for the education of black and mulatto children, and whenever the revenue thus arising should be sufficient to support a school for three months or more, the city council should provide a suitable building and cause .a school to be taught as long as there was means for its support.   The general superintendence should be exercised by a Board of Public Instruction, consisting of one member from each ward. The schools should be in session at least eight months in the year. The council was required to appoint five examiners and inspectors of common schools, who should hold their offices two years, whose duty should be to examine the qualification, competency and moral character of all persons desiring to become teachers.   It was further directed that all moneys collected for school purposes and remaining on hand should be turned over to the city treasurer, and all moneys thereafter collected to be paid over to the same, and by him disbursed   198 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY.   for none other than school purposes, for which service and the keeping of the accounts no compensation should be allowed. The city council should fix the commencement and termination of the current year, the time and duration of the vacation, which should be the same throughout the city.   All houses erected for school purposes and all that should thereaffer be erected, with the lots of land on which they might be built, should be vested in and become the property of the city to all intents and purposes.     On the accession of Mr. Emerson E. White to the superintendency, who was elected in 1856, he found the schools in a condition bordering on chaos. The board gave Mr. White discretionary power, and ere long he had brought about many salutary changes resulting in a complete reorganization of the schools. The schools as reorganized are reported as follows: One high school, two teachers; two grammar schools, four teachers; four intermediate schools, four teachers; four secondary schools, four teachers; four primary schools, four teachers; one colored school, one teacher; total, sixteen schools and nineteen teachers. In April, 1857, the school law of 1853 was adopted by a vote of the people, and in compliance with this law the council appointed the first Board of Education, viz., Thomas McCauslen, for one year; E. Miller, for two years, and John P. Terry, for three years. To this board the council, by ordinance passed April 13, 1857, transferred the control of the school property, the management of the schools, and all matters pertaining thereto. May 7, following, the district was enlarged so as to take in District No. 4 in the city, and making Wayne Township one district, and the school property belonging to District No. 4 was conveyed to the city.   In 1859 the first colored school was established and a teacher hired to take charge of it. April, 1860, from some cause which does not appear on the records, all the members of the board resigned and a new board was elected.   A spirit of reform seemed to seize upon this new board, and at their first meeting they resolved to meet monthly, and that all allowances of bills and accounts should be made at the regular meeting of the board.   In July, 1861, the appointments were made for the ensuing year. On account of the prevailing commercial depression there was a general cutting down of salaries. Colonel John H. Allen became Mr. White's successor as Superintendent, at a salary of $900 a year; Mr. White had received $1,200. The office had become one of merely superintendence during the last year of Mr. White's administration. In July, 1863, the board declared the position of superintendent vacant, and appointed one of their own number, John McElhany, to act as manager.   During this year the war was the all-absorbing topic. It permeated every body, every thing. The schools under this economical management, as might have been expected, retrograded from the high standing they had attained, and at the expiration of that school year the board determined upon yet another plan as a substitute for that of a superintendent. Mr. Poe was appointed Principal of the Fourth and Fifth street school-houses, and Mr. Bolton of the Second street and colored schoolhouses, for which each was allowed the extra compensation of $10 per month. The lady teachers ventured to petition for an increase of salary, which the board granted.   In August, 1866, the board contracted with Messrs. Hard & Conway to build a brick school-house on the corner of Ninth and Washington streets, for colored schools, for $2,260.   In June, 1867, the board being satisfied that the necessities of the schools required that additional grounds and buildings be immediately purchased, and fortifying their action by a vote of the people, which was largely in the affirmative, bought the Salters proper   HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 199   ty for $20,000, and a contract was entered into with Robert Baker for enlarging and improving the building for $4, 600.   Mr. John Bolton was elected Superintendent at a salary of $1,400, with the privilege of living in a part of the Salters building not occupied for school purposes.   In 1868 Mr. Bolton was reappointed Superintendent at the same salary as the previous year. The number of teachers was increased this year to twenty-five; a German school was established at this time.   The number of youth entitled to school privileges in September, 1870, were as follows: White males, 1,574; white females, 1,635; colored males, 102; colored females, 119; total, 3,403. In June, 1871, the board, consisting at the time of George A. Waller, James Y. Gordon and John J. McFarlin, seeing the need for yet more room, entered into a contract for the erection of a new schoolhouse, for the use of the High School and grammar schools on the Salters lot, to face Gallia street. The total cost of the building was $10,215.   The salaries paid to superintendent and teachers had gradually increased until at this time they were as follows: Superintendent, $1,800; teacher of High School, $1,500, and the other teachers, thirty in number, ranging from $70 to $35 a month.   In January, 1872, it was determined to tear down the old Fourth street building and erect a new one in its place. The contract for the erection of the new building was awarded to Robert Baker for $23,200, he allowing $650 for the old building. The new house was built according to plans furnished by I. H. Hobbs & Sons, of Philadelphia. It is an elegant structure, two stories in height, with ten large and comfortable school-rooms, well lighted and ventilated throughout.   The basement is deep and extends under all the building, affording room for the heating apparatus, which is entirely adequate, besides furnishing "ample room for storage of fuel, etc. For the payment of the debt thus incurred, the board on Aug. 12, 1872, by authority of an act of the Legislature, passed April, 25, 1872, issued bonds to the amount of $20,000. In accordance with an act of the Legislature, passed May 1, 1873, providing that schools should be reorganized under it at the first annual election thereafter, and requiring the board to consist of two members from each ward, at the election held April 6, 1874, the following were elected members of the Board of Education: First Ward, J. M. Lynn, two years; J. M. Herder, one year. Second Ward, H. Leete, two years; H. T. Vincent, one year. Third Ward, W. T. Cook, two years; J. Q. Gibson, one year. Fourth Ward, J. Q. Weaver, two years; George A. Waller, one year. Fifth Ward, G. S. B. Hempstead, two years; Jacob Sottmann, one year. Sixth Ward, A. L. Norton, two years; J. T. Miller, one year.   The new Board of Education organized April 20, 1874, by the election of Dr. G. S. B. Hempstead, President; William Waller, Clerk; and J. Q. Gibson, Treasurer. On April 22 rules were adopted, and committees of three members each appointed on the following topics: Finance, discipline, repairs, German schools, colored schools and library.   The council chamber was rented for, the use of the board in which to hold meetings. The number of examiners was fixed at three, and it was decided to elect annually superintendent and teachers at the first meeting in July.   In September, 1874, a lot was purchased at the corner of Eleventh and John streets, from F. C. Searl, for .$2,500, on which to build a house for the colored schools.   The library, which had been kept at the rooms of the Y. M. C. A. for several years, was removed to the Sixth street building, July 16, 1874, and John Rowe appointed Librarian at a salary of $50 per annum.