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establish the Columbus Sunday Herald. He remained in connection with this paper as business manager until the following summer, when he came to Jackson and purchased of Smith Towsley a one-half interest in the Jackson Herald. In 1879 he purchased the remainder of the paper and has since that time been sole editor and proprietor.

Jackson Journal.—The first issue of the Jackson Journal appeared July 5, 1882. It was founded by J. L. Davis and J. M. Tripp as a Republican political organ and a local newspaper. It was received with great favor, the subscription list soon running up to a large number, reaching, one year after its founding, 1,700. It was a nine-column folio paper, printed on a steam-power press and issued weekly. The establishment has in connection a good outfit for job work, including two presses, and does a large. custom business. T. C. Gerkin purchased the interest ofJ. M.Tripp in August,1853. Before this change both partners had taken part in editing the paper, but since the accession of Gerkin he has taken charge of the business and press management and Davis was left in charge of the editorial work.

John L. Davis, editor of the Jackson Journal, was born in Jackson County, Ohio, Aug. 3, 1856. His father, Lot Davis, has been for many years a prominent furnace man of the county. J. L. Davis was reared in the vicinity of Jefferson and Buckeye furnaces, where he attended school and afterward completed his education at the Marietta College, from which he graduated in 1879. He then became a partner in the Huron Iron Co., and was bookkeeper and secretary of the company until he resigned in the summer of 1882 to establish the Jackson Journal. He was married in October, 1881, to Miss Maggie Crossland, of Jackson.

In 1848 Owens & Westfall started a paper under the name of the Jackson Union. It was Democratic in politics, and was dis continued in about two years from the time it was started.

BANKS.

The first effort at money changing in Jackson was by a broking firm, started in 1855, composed of Walker Bennett, J. W. Laird, James Farrell, T. R. Stanley and W. K. Steel. These men were the founders, but others came in afterward, while some of the above retired. The business was kept up until Jan. 1, 1858, when the firm went into liquidation.

C. Isham and James Dyer also conducted a broking business about the same time. Neither firm had a charter.

In June, 1865, Kinney, Bundy & Co. opened a private banking business in Jackson, but their establishment was also unchartered. In the following year the business changed hands, and the firm became. Chapman, Clare & Co. Out of this the First National Bank was established, receiving its charter in the year 1870. H. L. Chapman had been President of the old firm, and was chosen first President of the First National.

The First National Bank of Jackson was established Dec. 7, 1870, with the following officers: H. L. Chapman, President, J. D. Clare, Vice-President; Volney H. Benton, Cashier; H. L. Chapman, Peter Pickrel, J D. Clare, Isaac Brown and Volney H. Ben ton, Directors. With but slight changes in the directors this arrangement was continued until 1877, when Mr. Chapman resigned the presidency and Peter Pickrel was elected President; J. D. Clare retained the position of Vice-President; David Armstrong, Cashier. These, with the following Directors, are the officers of the bank at the present time: T. J. Edwards, J. D. Clare, John D. Davis, Peter Pickrel and T. S. Matthews. The bank has a paid-up capital of $50,000 and bank property worth about $10,000.

Iron Bank of Jackson.—This banking

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house was established Sept. 15, 1873, with a capital of $75,000, one-half of which was paid up. The organizing members were: Isaac Brown, B. Kahn, James Chesnut, T. P. Sutherland, C. S. Dickason, Judge James Tripp, W. C. Evans, W. T. Sappington, H. C. Robbins, T. W. Robbins, R. S. Wilcox and the Cornelia (then Lincoln) Furnace Company. The officers elected at the time of the organization were: Isaac Brown, President; T. P. Sutherland, Vice-President; W. T. Sappington, Cashier. The Directors were: Isaac Brown, James Chesnut, James Tripp, T. P. Sutherland, and W. T. Sappington. The present officers are: Isaac Brown, President; James Chesnut, Vice-President; T. P. Sutherland, Cashier, and T. T. Jones, Assistant Cashier. The bank has at present a paid up capital of $30,000, and a surplus fund of $10,000. The company owns besides, real estate and fixtures worth $10,000. It is supplied with time lock and all modern fixtures. The bank opened for business Dec. 8, 1873.

TELEPHONE SYSTEM.

The telephone system in Jackson, which is known as the Bell Telephone, was established in the summer of 1882, the date of its first use being the 11th of August, 1882. It was established by the Midland Telephone Co., of Chicago, and sold by them to the Central Union Telephone Co., of Chicago, who have the right of all towns in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Iowa. At first there were forty-four instruments subscribed for in Jackson and vicinity, and by the following January the number had increased to eighty-three. There are now seventy-nine instruments, including a number at Coalton and Wellston. There are at present about fifty miles of wire. The system is in charge of W. C. Isham, Manager, and R. W. Swan, operator.

READING ROOM.

The movement to start a reading room in Jackson was inaugurated by some enterprising ladies of the town in the fall of 1882. Subscriptions were raised to nearly $400. An organization was formed after the interest of many of the leading citizens had been enlisted, a room was rented on the corner of Pearl and Broadway, and a large number of new books purchased which, in connection with valuable donations, formed a fair nucleus for a public library. The room was largely patronized for several months, until the short nights of the following summer, when it was thought advisable to close up until the following October. In the meantime a committee has been at work on further subscriptions.

SILVER CORNET BAND.

The Jackson Silver Cornet Band was organized in 1868, wi th Wm. A. Steele as leader. The band soon obtained quite a reputation for its musical proficiency and has steadily been kept up. When a vacancy has occurred by absence, removals, etc., others have been induced to take the vacant places. Mr. Steele held the leadership until 1881, with the exception of one year, 1878, when William Tripp filled the place. On the withdrawal of Mr. Steele, Mr. Wallace held the position for a few months until the election of Henry Olendorf, who still holds the position. The band is composed of twelve members and is one of the best in the State.

FIRE DEPARTMENT.

The fire department of Jackson was first organized with a hand engine soon after the war. They continued this primitive style until 1872, when the town authorities purchased a steam fire engine, and erected an engine house on Pearl street in 1873. It is between Broadway and Church streets. The old fire company, with the hand engine, had been a volunteer company, but on the purchase of the steam engine a paid fire company was organized. The old hand engine, at the re-

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quest of a volunteer company of colored men, was turned over to them, and for several years they proved a reliable, prompt and active company. The engine giving out the company was disbanded. The company is composed of ten men, with Samuel Stephens as Captain; James S. Baker, Lieutenant, and James H. Andrus, engineer. It is a thoroughly reliable, active and brave company, and is fully equal to the demand that has ever been made upon them. The engine is of first-class make, and of sufficient power to meet the requirements of the city.

EXPRESS COMPANIES.

The Hamden Express Company began doing business here soon after the completion of the Portsmouth branch of the M. & C. in 1853. E. D. Meacham was appointed agent of this company in May, 1864, and continued until its consolidation with another.

The American Express Company also had an office here for a few months in 1865. But in that year, soon after the latter had started, the business of both companies was bought out by the

Adams Express Company, whose office had been established here some years, and was takeu charge of by W. C. Evans. E. D. Meacham had been the agent of the company from June, 1862, to May, 1864.

The M. & C. Express Company established an office as soon as their company was organized, and as theirs was the only railroad here they took charge of all the express business to the exclusion of the Adams Company. W. C. Evans was made the first agent of this ompauy also. When the Ohio Southern Road was completed in 1878, the Adams Company again established an office here and took all of the business on that road. The office was kept at first at the depot by the ticket agent, but is now kept in town by W. A. Steele, special agent.

The M. & C. Express Company was changed to the C., W. & B. Express Company in the spring of 1883, and is now kept at their station by D. L. Pickrel.

MANUFACTURING INTERESTS.

The manufacturing interests of Jackson are yet in their infancy, if we except the pig iron. Jackson not being surrounded by an agricultural country, and being very rich in minerals and timber, her progress will be measured in the future as she shall struggle to become a great manufacturing town. With coal, iron ore, timber, fire-clay, sandstone and limestone, there is nothing needed but brains, energy and capital to concentrate here, to build up a large and extensive manufacturing town. Her manufacturing interests are now represented as follows:

The Old Jackson Foundry.—This was the first foundry in Jackson and stood across the creek in what is now James's Addition. It was built in about 1850 by J. D. James, McCormick, Price and others. It only employed five or six hands and made small castings and some stoves. In 1854 James sold his interest to a Mr. Holliday, and a few years later the property was owned by Hoop, Trago & Co. They afterward sold to Peter Pickrel and others. From this time until it burned recently Mr. Pickrel was the principal owner, the firm going by the name of Pickrel & Co. The property was valued at $15,000.

Mitchell's Foundry and Machine Shop.—This manufacturing enterprise of E. W. Mitchell was founded in 1881. In that year he erected the building at the corner of Main and Locust streets, and, having procured the necessary machinery, set in operation his present establishment. The cost was about $15,000, including grounds. The products of the shop are heavy castings for furnaces, house-front castings, all kinds of architectural iron work. Constant employment is given to twelve men. The propelling power is a twenty-five horse-power engine.

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JACKSON FOUNDRY AND MACHINE SHOP.

This establishment, situated near Fulton Furnace, was founded in 1874 by Mr. B. Gray, the present owner. The building is a three-story brick, 26 x 60 feet, with an L 35 x 70 feet, only one story high, sheds, etc. Total cost of construction about $9,000. The motive power is a twenty-five horse-power engine constructed by Mr. Gray himself. An average of five hands are employed the year around. The products are hot-blast car wheels and all kinds of castings.

Eagle Mills.—The Eagle Mills at Jackson are situated on the corner of Water and Locust streets. The mill, a frame building, and machinery, was moved from Salt Creek, four miles north of town, to Jackson in 1851 by Andrew Crooks and son. It was a steam mill and was moved here on account of the destruction of John and Levi Davis's mill by fire, which left Jackson without a mill. Crooks took in James Lenn as a partner in 1863. This firm soon sold out to Peter Hoops & Son who operated the mill until January, 1874, when E. B. Cavett, Henry Huntsinger and Rufus Peters purchased the property and the name changed to Eagle Mills. Since 1876 Peters & Hunt-singer have been the owners. Since they have come into sole possession almost all the machinery has been replaced by new, with the addition of modern improvements. The mill is run by a forty horse-power engine, has three sets of burrs, and has a capacity of seventy-five barrels of flour daily. The mills are managed by Rufus Peters. The entire property is worth about $10,000.

Franklin Mills.—This establishment was first, started in Jackson in 1854 by Bunn, Walterhouse & Bunn. Three years later the Bunn brothers became sole proprietors, but in 1858 Peter Pickrel and John Davis became members of the firm which then became known by the name of Bunn, Pickrel & Co. About this time they added to the original mill a woolen factory, the aggregate cost of both mills being about $20,000. Subsequently Captain Lewis Davis became a partner and remained so during the late war. The building is a three-story brick, 85 x 60 feet in size. The woolen mill department was added in 1860. An important feature of the establishment is the manufacture of woolen cloths and yarns. The proprietors buy large quantities of wool in its season and consume it during the year in the manufacture of the above-named articles. The grist-mill has three sets of burrs and a capacity of seventy-five barrels a day. The entire mill is valued at about $25,000. The present owners are, John Davis, three-eighths; Harvey Huntsinger, one-fourth; Rufus Huntsinger, one-eighth ; T. P. Sutherland, one-eighth ; and Rufus Peters, one-eighth.

Jackson Planing Mill Company.—In 1874 a planing mill was erected by Evan M. Thomas and Evan J. Williams, on Bridge street, near Salt Creek. The mill and machinery were of modest proportions, costing about $3,500 including real estate. The mill was run successfully, and in 1877, Mr. Thomas having bought his partner's interest, became sole proprietor. In the following year the entire establishment, including considerable stock, was burned, and, there being no insurance, resulted in a loss to the proprietor of about $6,500. In three weeks after this misfortune Mr. Thomas began the re-construction of the mill, taking as a partner Mr. David F. Edwards, and in the opening of 1879 the establishment, after an outlay of about $3,500, was again ready for operation. The motive power is a fifty horse-power engine. The mill dresses lumber, manufactures window and door frames, sash, blinds, scroll work, etc. In 1882 Mr. Thomas again came into the entire possession of the mill, having purchased Edwards's share for $4,000. He soon took in David T. Davis as a partner, aud in January, 1883, sold the entire establishment to H. H. Marshman & Co. and the firm took the name of the Jackson Planing Mill Company.

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Furniture Manufactory.—The Furniture Manufactory of John Dauber was started in 1864, under the firm name of Dauber & Draudner, the members of the firm being John Dauber and John Draudner. The mannfactory was then located where J. A. Lloyd's merchant tailoring establishment now is, on Main street. Three years afterward Mr. Dauber bought out his partner, and continued the business by himself until 1870. That year he moved to his present location, corner of Main and Railroad streets, and took his brother, Lewis Dauber, into partnership with him, the style of the firm being Dauber Bros. This firm continued until 1880, when John Dauber bought his brother's interest and is the present proprietor. The main building is 101 x 20 feet, frame; there have several additions and small buildings since been put up for the accommodation of his stock, etc. He does a general manufacturing business of furniture, coffins, etc., besides running a planing mill and lumber business in connection. Value of buildings, stock, etc., between $15,000 and $18,000.

Carriage and Wagon Manufactory.—The carriage and wagon manufactory of S. M. Lake was ushered into existence in 1874, on Portsmouth street. Mr. Lake continued in that location about two years,when he changed his location to Pearl street, where he remained a short time. In 1877 he moved to his present location at the corner of Broadway and Water streets. During the time he has been at this stand he has built a good substantial brick shop. In 1880 he built the main shop,two story, 40 x 25 feet, and in 1882 built an addition, two story, 30 x 25 feet. At present he is doing a good business and is improving every year with the growth of the city. He manufactures carriages, buggies, wagons, etc., and does repairing of all kinds.

Carriage Manufactory.—Jacob W. Beyron commenced the manufacturing of carriages in 1871, on Church street, where he continued

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for some six years. He then moved his business to the corner of Water and Broadway, where he remained some three years; then he again made a change of location, going to the corner of Church and Pearl streets. Here he remained about two and a half years, when he built a frame shop, two story, 60 x 19 feet, on the alley just back of the Isham House, where he is now located and doing all kinds of carriage and wagon work. He makes a specialty of fine carriages and buggies, although he does some wagon work. A repairing shop is kept in connection with the manufacturing department.

Laird's Brick-yard.—The brick-yard of J. W. Laird in Jackson was established in 1880, and is one of the leading business enterprises of Jackson. The total cost of the establishment in its present condition was about $6,000. It has all the modern improvements, continues to operate the year round, turning out annually about 5,000,000 building brick. All things considered, it is one of the most successful brick manufacturing establishments in the State.

JACKSON IN 1883.

Jackson is divided into two wards, and has about 4,000 inhabitants. Two railroads pass through it, and the city is surrounded by lands exceptionally rich in coal and iron ore. It has seven churches, one large school building in each ward for white children and one colored school, a telephone system, telegraph offices, three newspapers and job offices, three hotels, two banks and one opera-house. Jackson has also the following business interests:

Mercantile.—Eleven general stores, ten dry goods, six clothing, five hardware, three boot and shoe, four drug, two jewelry, three harness, three grocery, two book, two queen's-ware, one flour and feed, two furniture, four millinery and two cigar and tobacco stores; three bakeries, three restaurants, four meat stores, one confectionery and twelve saloons.

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Miscellaneous.—Four iron furnaces, two flouring mills, one planing mill, one woolen mill, two foundry and machine shops, one marble works, three livery stables, two photograph galleries, three brick-yards, one tannery, five wagon and carriage shops, two merchant tailoring establishments, two undertaking establishments, one marble yard, six blacksmith shops, one gunsmith shop and five barber shops.

Professional.—Sixteen attorneys, eight physicians, two dentists, seven ministers and three editors.

Agencies. —Ten coal, four iron, one leather, three real estate, three insurance, one Singer sewing machine, one powder, one Adam, express, one C., W. & B. express, M. & C. telegraph, one W. U. telegraph and one telephone exchange.

CHAPTER XXVIII.

RELIGIOUS, EDUCATIONAL, SOCIETIES, AND THE BAR OF JACKSON.

CHURCHES.

The First Presbyterian Church, of Jackson was orgauized June 12, 1836, that being the last day of a series of meetings held by Revs. Hiram R. Howe and Ellery Bascom, committee of the Presbytery of Athens. The first elders elected were Thomas Nickel and Christian Beam. Rev. E. Bascom was retained as pastor and remained three or four years. For more than a year and a half following there seems to have been no regular pastor. During the ministry of Mr. Bascom the house of worship was erected and completed under the pastorate of the Rev. Isaiah N. Ford, some two years later.

Rev. I. N. Ford is first noticed as pastor Nov. 1, 1842, and continued such until his death in September, 1851. The church was. again without a pastor for more than a year when the Rev. Marcus Hicks was called. He began his labors here in June, 1852, and closed them in April, 1853. At this time Rev. L. C. Ford was invited to visit the church and became its pastor. He continued in the pastorate until September, 1858. The Rev. Thomas Fowler became pastoral supply of the church in October, 1859, remaining until November, 1862.

For more than three years following November, 1862, there was no regular minister. The names of the Revs. E. P. Pratt, E. P. Adams, W. Taylor and T. S. Reeves appear as holding services here at irregular periods. The first regular minister to take charge of the church was the Rev. Ezra D. Shaw, who came about the 1st of January, 1866.

In 1867 there were fifty church members and about 100 scholars in the Sunday-school.

After the ministry of Rev. E. D. Shaw, Rev. T. J. Downey became the pastor, but remained only a short time. In June, 1868, the name of Rev. G. F. Fitch appears as minister. During the intervals the pulpit was generally supplied with the minister of some neighboring town.

In March, 1870, Rev. W. L. S. Clark began his ministry with the congregation, but remained only about one year. Rev. J K. Gibson was installed as pastor in 1872 and remained over seven years, handing in his resignation Aug. 16, 1879. Rev. J. R. Collier then began his ministry on the first Sabbath in 1880, and remained a little over two years. He resigned March 28, 1883.

Methodist Episcopal Church. —The following is a brief condensation of an article prepared for the church in 1873 by a committee of three gentlemen, members of the church, viz.: J. W. Longbon, L. A. Atkinson and Adam W. Long. Great pains were taken to obtain its correct history from the beginning, and the points which are still left in doubt must probably always so remain.

The oldest matter of record pertaining to the church is a minute in the Court Journal, dated Oct. 28, 1817, that Boroughs Westlake, an ordained deacon of said church, was authorized to solemnize marriages. It is. however, well known that Methodist families

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have lived in the vicinity of Jackson since 1805, and probably before that time. Laidley, Trevis, Westlake, Strother and others are remembered as some of the earliest preachers, and occasional out-door meetings of greater or less duration were held for several years before any house for worship was erected.

The date of the first class organization is not exactly known, but from the best sources it has been placed at about the Year 1811. The meeting for organization was held in the house of John James, near Salt Creek, in what is now Jamestown Addition. Those remembered to have been members at that time were : John and Nancy James, David and Eleanor Mitchell, Samuel and Mrs. Hall, John and Margaret Martin, Jacob and Mrs. Schellenger, John Ogg, Philip Strother and Hannah McKinsey.

It is not known at what date Jackson circuit was formed. The earliest places of holding regular meetings were at the houses of John James and Samuel Hall, in Jackson, at at a place called "Jerusalem," situate some two or three miles east of Jackson, and probably some others. It is also said that a log school-house in Jackson was occupied for a preaching place for a long time up to about 1835. The earliest church record begins April 16, 1830. On the fly leaf of the book is the following inscription : " Jackson Class Book, made April 16, 1830. Rev. J. C. Hunter, P. E., Rev. Jacob Delay, C. P. Forget not the assembling of yourselves together as the manner of some is.'" The book contains the names of forty-six members.

The contract for building a frame church, 30 x 40 feet and eleven feet high, is dated Jan. 26, 1835. The contract was made between Samuel M. Burt on the first part, and Elias Long, John James, John D. James, Isaac Brown, Wm. Flowers, Philip Noel and Daniel Hoffman for the church on the second part. Burt was to find all material and finish the building complete for $350. This build ing was never plastered nor painted, either inside or out, and yet it was modeled, according to contract, after a church in an adjoining county, which was doubtless considered a superior structure. In this then fine edifice the aristocratic members who were called to church by the sound of a tin horn assembled with a pardonable sense of pride.

With the new church a new order of things was inaugurated, and from that date a continuous record of the church proceedings has been kept. At the quarterly conference held in 1835, John Ferree was made Presiding Elder, and Benjamin Ellis was the preacher in charge. The circuit then contained ten classes, the entire amount contributed from which during the year was $31.95, of which the presiding elder got $3. The amount paid by each class varied from $8 to 371 cents.

About this time there seems to have been some trouble in the church under Mr. Ellis, and a number of the members withdrew to form the Protestant Methodist church of Jackson.

In 1837 a parsonage was built for the circuit, which was mortgaged in 1840, and in 1846 a new parsonage was built, costing $400. During the year 1855 the old frame church, -which stood on the site of the present brick church, was torn down and the new one built. During this interval meetings were held in the old court-house, since burnt down. In this year also Jackson was made a station. With these changes another new era—the modern one—began. The town, which had at this time about 600 inhabitants, was to be henceforth independent of a circuit, have its own church, equipped with a bell instead of a dinner horn, and furnished in modern style; it was to have its own parsonage and its town preacher unencumbered with work outside of the corporate limits. The church did not build a parsonage, however, until the year 1866. The novel manner in which the parsonage was built is worthy of record. After

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discussing the matter at length, in which doubt was expressed as to the ability to raise means, one member suggested that twelve men agree jointly to pay for the parsonage with what aid could be obtained from other members. The plan was adopted, and the names attached to such a paper are as follows, in the order given, viz.: J. NV'. Longbon, Adam W. Long, Andrew Long, L. A. Atkinson, James Tripp, Wm. Vaughn, T. P. Sutherlaud, J. M. Steele, L. B. Gibson, Elmer Golden, J. P. Mackey and D. Mackley, all of whom were members of the church except Elmer Golden and D. Mackley.. The building was finally completed in 1868 at a cost of nearly $5,000.

Want of completeness of the records precludes any summary of the work accomplished by the church. Many hundreds have placed their names upon its book of membership, while hundreds of dollars have been raised for church extensions and mission work in foreign fields. Since 1865, eight years prior to which the records are wanting, the pastors have been paid upward of $15,000 in salaries, and a proportionate amount has been paid toward defraying other expenses common to this church.

Since the establishment of this point as a station in 1855, the following pastors and elders have been in charge :

Pastors.-1856-'57, C. H. Warren; 1858'59, Joseph Morris; 1860-'61, S. C. Frampton; 1862 -'63, John Q. Gibson; 1864-'65, J. N. Pitcher; 1866-'67, F. S. Davis; 1868'70, I. B. Bradrick; 1871-'73, John E. Sowers; 1874-'75, Jno. H. Acton ; 1876-'77, W. T. Harvey; 1878-'80, C. F. Creighton; 1881-'83, W. D. Cherington; 1884, F. S. Davis.

Elders. —1856-'57, N. Westerman; 1858'63, A. M. Alexander, John Stewart, H. Z. Adams (order not known); 1864-'67, H. Z. Adams; 1868-'71, John T. Miller; 1872-'77,

John Dillon ; 1878-'80, T. H. Monroe; 1881'84, Z. W. Fagan.

The church and Sunday-school are both fairly prosperous at the present time. There are 410 in full membership and forty-four others on probation, making a total of 454.

The year 1874 was the one of greatest increase in this church. It witnessed the accession of 202 new members on probation and by letter. The church was thoroughly revived, and the whole town brought more or less under its influence. It is regarded the most remarkable year in the church's history.

Evangelical Lutheran Emanuel Congregation of Jackson.—The inception of this church was effected by the efforts of Rev. Theodore H. Jaeger, a missionary sent by the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference to take charge of a flock at the village of Webster, in Scioto County. This was in 1879, and he paid occasional visits to this place, in time effecting a permanent organization. The congregation was organized in August, 1881, with thirteen families. They soon made preparations to build, and in June, 1882, the cornerstone of their present fine brick church was laid. The building is 30 x 65 feet in size, built in Gothic style, with a tower ninety feet high. It was dedicated Nov. 19, 1882, by Rev. Mr. Jaeger, assisted by Prof. M. Toy and Prof. Theo. Mees, both of Columbus, Ohio, and Rev. Mr. Oglesbee, of Dayton, Ohio. The pastor at present is Rev. H. A. Minnemann, who was installed June 10, 1883. The congregation consists at present of about twenty-three families.

Baptist Church. —The meeting for the organization of the Regular Baptist church at Jackson was held July 19, 1841. There were a number of persons who had belonged to the denomination elsewhere and taken up their permanent residence here. Rev. John L. Moore was chosen Moderator, and Wm. W. Mather, Secretary. A set of resolutions

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was offered and adopted, in effect establishing a church at this place. A committee was appointed to prepare a creed, or confession of faith, consisting of Felix Ellison, Wm. W. Mather and Oliver M. Tyson. At the next meeting, held a few days later, the creed reported by this committee was adopted and signed by the following persons, who may be considered the founders of the society at this place: Oliver M. Tyson, Jonathan Walden, Wm. Gillespie, Wm. M. Mather, Emily M. Mather, Gilbert Weed, Martha Gillespie, Elizabeth Dyer, Francis M. Bolles and Catherine Tyson. At a meeting held Aug. 29, 1841, a permanent organization was effected by the election of the following officers: Deacons, Oliver M. Tyson and Wm. Gillespie; Clerk, Wm. W. Mather; Treasurer, Wm. Gillespie., The plan first adopted for the support of the church was that each member should pay according to his possessions, and a part of the clerk's duty was to keep a list of the members with the amount of his property, and his proportion to the church support placed opposite. In 1846 a church and parsonage were completed, and Rev. Felix Ellison became regular pastor. He was succeeded by Revs. H. T. Vose, A. J. Buell, C. Davis, E. W. Lloyd and W. D. Hendrickson, the present pastor. A new church was built by the congregation into which they moved for service in the spring of 1870. The present membership is about fifty.

The Sabbath-school was organized in April, 1847.

The Holy Trinity Catholic Church of Jackson.—The first seeds of Catholicism were sown in Jackson in about 1850. From that time until 1880 it remained a small parish. The members had secured a frame schoolhouse in which they worshiped and were visited occasionally by priests from Portsmouth and Ironton, Ohio. Although under adverse circumstances, the society grew in numbers and wealth. In the fall of 1879 the question of building a new church edifice was first discussed when Rev. P. T. Thurheimer took charge of the congregation. He took charge of the matter and at once set the project on foot by inspiring a universal desire among his people to have a new and elegant house for worship. In 1880 the present beautiful and commodious Gothic brick church was erected. It is 35 x 80 feet in dimensions, has a slate roof and a steeple 101 feet high. In the following year a suitable parsonage was built on the same lot at a cost of about $2,500. The congregation at present embraces about 275 families.

The Welsh Presbyterian Church was organized by Rev. David J. Jenkins, May 23, 1880. The ministers officiating on the occasion were the Revs. J. P. Morgan, of Van Wert, Ohio; Edward R. Jones, of Oak Hill, and Isaac Edward of Moriah. The charter members were twenty-three in number,. as follows: Lot Davis, John Rodgers and wife, Enoch H. Lewis and wife, Griffith Davis and wife, Mrs. Annie S. Thomas, D. W. Roderick and wife, John 0. Evans and wife, Mrs. Richard Evans, Richard Davis and wife, William Evans and wife, David P. Jones, Mrs. Margaret Griffiths, Mrs. Jane James and three others whose names have not been furnished.

The first officers of the church were David J. Evans, pastor; Lot Davis, Enoch H. Lewis and Griffith Davis, elders. This arrangement remains to the present time, with the exception of the subsequent addition of William D. Jones as the fourth elder.

The first meetings were held in the Old Protestant Church on the corner of Pearl and Church streets. Subsequent meetings were held in the court-house, until in June, 1881, when the new church was completed ready for occupation. It had been begun the year before, shortly after the church organization. It is a fine brick building situated on Church street, built at a cost of $3,000. In all 141 members have been connected with the church

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but many of them were transitory, remaining only a short time. At present the membership is 112.

The Sabbath-school was established soon after the church was organized, and has now 116 scholars on its roll.

Rev. David J. Jenkins, pastor of the Welsh Calvinistic Methodist (or Presbyterian) Church, Jackson, Ohio, was born at Llangeitho, Cardiganshire, South Wales, 4. B., in the year 1832. His parents were James and Jane Jenkins, who emigrated to the United States in the year 1837, settling in Jefferson Township, Jackson Co., Ohio, near where Horeb Church is now situated, the place being then almost a wilderness. Feb. 27, 1840, his father died, leaving his wife and four children in a strange land. At the tender age of twelve years David was received into the full fellowship of the Calvinistic Methodist church at Horeb. At the age of fifteen he was selected as one of the teachers of the Sabbath-school at that place. He lived on a farm until he arrived at the age of seventeen years, when he was apprenticed to learn the carpenter's trade, which he followed for several years. Jan. 20, 1854, he was united in marriage to Ellen T. Davis, a member of the same church. His early educational advantages were such as the public schools of the neighborhood afforded in those times. He spent some time as a student in the Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio. During the Rebellion he entered the army as Captain of Company C, One Hundred and Seventy-ninth Ohio Infantry. He was licensed to preach March, 1867, by the Jackson (Welsh) Presbytery (Curdd Dosparth) and ordained at Moriah, Jackson County, Oct. 26, 1871. He traveled for several years on the Jackson and Gallia Circuit of the Calvinistic Methodist church until he was called to take charge of the new church, organized in Jackson Town, May, 1880.

The Christian Church, of Jackson, Ohio, was organized in 1857 by Elder R. J. Bachus. There were about twenty-four members collected together who had belonged to the church at other places and had come to live in Jackson. The meetings for organization and for several years later were held in the old Baptist church on the corner of Church and Pearl streets. Their present church, situated on Broadway, was built in. 1861. The first officers of the church society were R. J. Bachus, pastor, who with John L. Beahin and W. S McCormick formed the Board of Elders. The church has been prosperous and numbers now in its membership about 225. Regular preaching is held every two weeks and prayer-meeting once every week. Rev. R. J . Bachus remained connected with the church for several years, and by frequent visits and the manifestation of a deep interest in the society remained more distantly connected with the congregation for more than twenty years. The present regular pastor is Rev. W. 0. Thompson. The Sabbath-school was organized soon after the completion of the church building. It enrolls about 100 scholars.

FAIRMOUNT CEMETERY.

The first cemetery was located in the southeastern part of the corporate limits at an early day, about the year 1818. The earliest date on a tombstone is that of May 16, 1819, and upon the slab is cut the name of Charles O'Neal. .This is the burial place of Jackson, the murderer who was executed May 11, 1883, although it has been generally abandoned long since.

The family burial ground of John James was located in what is now Jamestown, also at a very early date. It was afterward used by others, by permission, and grew to considerable size.

These old cemeteries were both abandoned

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after the purchase of the new one, now Fairmount Cemetery, on the hill northeast of town. The purchase was made jointly by the corporation of Jackson and the township of Lick. It consisted of nineteen and one-quarter acres belonging to the heirs of Joel Long, and was purchased for $1,900—the township paying sixty per cent and the corporation forty per cent. of the purchase. The corporation afterward bought the interest of the township, and it is now exclusively a city cemetery.

The cemetery lies upon the crest and southern and western slope of one of the highest hills surrounding the city. It lies. nearly one mile distant to the northeast, and has a commanding view of the city and of the valley of Salt Creek. There are few more beautiful " Cities of the Dead" found in the State than Fairmount Cemetery, of Jackson.

SABBATH—SCHOOLS.

The following statistics in reference to the Sabbath-schools in Jackson County are taken from the elaborate and complete tabular statement of the schools, prepared in 1876 by Adam W. Long. The amount of work required in such a preparation can be readily comprehended when you take into account the fact that the following is less than one-half of what his statement contained. Lack of space precludes publication of the full report, but for what is taken, to Mr. Long is hereby tendered our sincere thanks. As will be seen, Sabbath-school work was inaugurated in the county as early as 1830. Since that date it has more than kept pace with the growth of the county in most respects. The greatest promotion of Sunday-school work was accomplished by the Sabbath-school Union, which was organized in 1866, mainly through the efforts of A. W. Long. In the five years following that organization, the schools were increased in numbers and proficiency more than fifty per cent.

JACKSON AND JACKSON COUNTY SCHOOLS.

Prior to 1853 the public schools in the county were very few in number and of a very low order. School-houses were very few; and very inferior. Text books were poor and more conspicuous for variety than for num hers or excellence. Anything like classification of pupils was out of the question. Only reading, writing and arithmetic were required to be taught.

The average amount of school was less tha three months in a year. Very few ladies wer employed in teaching—some of them receiv ing but a pittance of $4.00 per month above their board, while their more fortunate brothers in the profession received $10 and board. This is not surprising, when we find that th average wages of teachers in the State for 1848 was only $36, not per month, but only this sum for that whole year.

The teachers, the text-books, the school

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houses and the teachers' wages, were all of the lowest or most inferior grade, and as a result, the schools were also of the lowest grade.

Prior to 1838 there was not a school-house in the county that had glass windows or board doors.

The subsequent introduction of' geography, and later that of grammar, into the common schools, was very distasteful to many of the people as well as to many teachers, and met with considerable opposition.

As late as 1859 there were but fifty-nine common schools in the county, and 190 pupils studying grammar, or less than four to a school.

The people read but little, wrote less, made their marks, and cared but little about the education of their children.

The school law of 1853 created a revolution in educational affairs. Many old teachers who had wrestled with the three R's, but who knew nothing about geography or grammar, were retired for the good of the service.

The county examiners took upon themselves a fearful task, and if they did anything like their duty, were the worst abused men in the County.

Since 1853 the following gentlemen have served as examiners: J. W. Longbon, R. C. Hoffman, Levi Dungan, H. H. Fullerton, Moses Gilmor, W. K. Hastings, J. C. Stevenson, Elihu Johnson, A. W. Long, Moses Morgan, Davis Mackley, Irvine Dungan, S. P. Baldridge, John D. Brown, J. M. Yarnell, G. W. Fry, M. J. Morgan, T. L. Hughes, Jr., C. K. Crumit, W. E. Williams, G. W. Harbarger and Stephen Morgan.

There are now in the `county 102 schoolhouses, valued at $46,300.

For last year the enumeration of pupils was 9,142. Enrollment, 6,170. Average daily attendance, 2,796. Different teachers employed, 141. Average wages paid teachers, male, $40; female, $29.
The first school-house of any kind ever built in the town of Jackson was a small one-story brick building of one room, built in 1847. A blackboard was then considered a curiosity and an innovation. Twenty-five dollars per month for the principal teacher was considered exorbitant, and the female assistant received about one-third of that amount. Schools in the town were taught for six months every alternate year. The schools are now taught in three good commodious brick buildings by a superintendent and sixteen teachers, for nine months in a year. Enumeration, 1882, 1,159. Enrollment, 880. Average daily attendance, 636.

J. W. Longbon began teaching in Jackson in 1847; was Superintendent for several years prior to 1862, and again from 1877 to 1880. He served as County Examiner for over twenty-five years. His son William is now Principal of the High School, and J. E. Kinnison is the Superintendent. Both of them are graduates of the Ohio University.

Mrs. E. F. Ford is the veteran teacher. She taught many years in the public schools, and many more in a private school; arid has probably instructed more children than any other person in the county. One of her daughters is now teaching in the public schools of Jackson, and the other is a successful teacher in the public schools of Cincinnati.

The following have been Superintendents of the schools: J. W. Longbon, J. R. Percy, A. H. Windsor, — Brown, C. S. Smart, C. P. Taylor, J. M. Yarnell, M. J. Morgan, Samuel Paden, J. J. Allison and J . E. Kinnison.

The first graduating class from the High School was in 1876, and comprised four young men, viz.: Ripley H. McGhee, Thomas A. Jones, E. B. Dickason and Will A. Longbon.

THE JACKSON COUNTY LITERARY ASSOCIATION.

In 1875 the Welsh people of Jackson County held, at Oak Hill, what they called an Eisteddfod,—an institution peculiar and familiar to them, but quite new to the native

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population of the aforesaid county,—this being the first one ever held in that region. The exercises consisted or songs, choruses, essays, readings, orations, poems, instrumental music, etc., continuing nearly a whole day, and closing with a grand concert in the evening. The meeting was held in a large enclosure under canvas, fitted up with an extensive platform, and seats for perhaps 1,500 persons. An admission fee of Ho cents was charged for a single session, and $1 for the whole performance, including the concert.

A programme of the exercises was published about six months in advance. The exercises were all competitive, and prizes, ranging from $100, were offered to the successful competitors. A conductor was appointed to preside and to direct the ceremonies, and adjudicators were chosen to criticise and compare the performances and award the prizes. All written productions were submitted to the adjudicators for examination a month prior to the meeting, and time criticism and awards were made known at the close of each exercise. Choirs from different parts of the county and from other places were organized and drilled for the occasions, and much time was spent by the competitors in reading, writing, speaking and otherwise, in preparing for the contest. The affair proved to be a success, financially and every other way, and proved to be the herald and forerunner of the literary association which was organized in 1877, and conducted upon similar principles, so much so that it was called by some, an American Eisteddfod.

The usual officers, together with an executive committee, were appointed. A mammoth tent was purchased, and an annual entertainment was held at Jackson for four successive years. These entertainments were largely attended, were popular and enthusiastic, and the admission fees were ample to pay for the tent, to pay all expenses for printing, advertising and otherwise, and to give liberal prizes to the successful competitors.

All classes, young and old, entered heartily into the undertaking, and it seemed to give promise of great usefulness and good results. Strangers, and men of liberal culture from a distance, expressed themselves as delighted with the project, and declared that it was a great educational movement which surpassed anything of the kind that they had ever seen, and designated it as highly complimentary to the good taste and enterprise of the people of the county. Eminent men, including Rev. Dr. Moore, now of the Denver University; Prof. Milliken, then of the Ohio State University; Pres. Scott and Prof. Hatfield, of the Ohio University; Prof. Richardson, of
and Rev. Dr. Peters, of Portsmouth, all served as literary adjudicators, and Prof. Mees, of Cincinnati; Prof. Blumenschein, of Dayton, and Professors Knell, of Columbus, Todd, of Ironton, and Guth of Waverly, as adjudicators in music.

The children from the public schools took a prominent part in the exercises. Classes thoroughly drilled in recitations and concert-readings competed for prizes to the manifest delight of their parents and teachers. Essays, each comprising not less than twenty pages of foolscap, together with original poems Containing from twenty to five hundred lines each, were submitted for adjudication. Orations occupying ten minutes were delivered, and extemporaneous speaking on topics announced on time instant was limited to five minutes for each speaker. The piano also came in for its share of attention, and many a fair damsel played as if with fairy fingers to the delight and applause of the admiring multitude.

The grand concert in the evening was unusually attractive, and continued until late in the evening. The competitions were conducted with fairness, in a spirit of friendly rivalry-

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of emulation without envy—and the awards of the adjudicators, though sometimes questioned, were nevertheless gracefully submitted to and accepted without complaint.
In 1881 preparations were partially made for the annual entertainment, but for some reason the time of meeting was postponed until later in the season; then came a second postponement, and finally the meeting for that year was deferred until the ensuing year, and notwithstanding several attempts have been made to revive the institution, no further meeting of the association has been held since that of 1880.

The tent is becoming old and worn, but they have now in Jackson a large and commodious music hall, admirably adapted to the purpose of such meetings, and it is now the settled'purpose of the people to hold hereafter an annual meeting of the association . It is something so new, so novel and so inspiring that it commends itself to all, and it should be fostered and perpetuated. Such an institutiou cannot fail to exert a wholesome influence on society, and must prove a matter of great benefit to all who engage in the exercises, and a matter of interest to all who attend the annual meetings.

THE BAR OF JACKSON COUNTY, OHIO.

BY IRVINE DUNCAN, ESQ.

In thinking over the history of the lawyers of the county and in recalling incidents connected with them, it is difficult to omit the names of many lawyers who were not residents of the county. Among the lawyers who practiced in Jackson County courts years ago, were Simuel F. Vinton, Allen G. Thurman, who made his first law speech here, Richard Douglass and LeGrand Byington.

When the county was first organized, James Hughes and Elihu Johnson were the resident attorneys, both of whom were 'sent to the General Assembly.

Afterward and about 1840, Levi Dungan came to the county and began the practice; then R. C. Hoffman, Davis Mackley, Robert Stephenson, Jesse W. Laird, Isaac Roberts, H. H. Fullerton, William Walden, John C. Stevenson, James Tripp, H. S. Bundy, Porter Du Hadway and J. W. Longbon came to the bar. Of these lawyers Elihu Johnson, the oldest, is yet living here at about ninety. Levi Dungan is dead; R. C. Hoffman is practicing law in Columbus, Ohio; Isaac Roberts is dead; H. H. Fullerton is farming in Kentucky; H. S. Bundy is exclusively engaged in iron manufacturing; Davis Mackley is running the Jackson Standard; Robert Stevenson is. practicing law in Illinois; William Walden is practicing in Steubenville, Ohio; James Tripp is on the bench; Porter Du Hadway is dead, and John C. Stevenson is living on a farm in Jackson County. The present members of the Jackson County bar, are—Judge James Tripp, re-elected in 1883, for five years more service on the bench; Jesse W. Laird, J. W. Longbon, John T. Moore, John L. Jones, Robert H. Jones, re-elected to the General Assembly in 1883; E. B. Bingham, Mayor of Wellston, Martin T. Vanpelt, J. K. McClung, J. M. Tripp, C. A. Atkinson, Thos. Moore, A. Leach, Jr., David Davis, E. C. Powell, Thomas A. Jones, Louis Shotts, C. C. James, William S. Baker, John M. Downey and Irvine J. Dungan. Of these, Thos. Moore, Thomas A. Jones and John M. Downey are but recently admitted, and have had no opportunity to show what they can do, but they are studious, careful young men.

Judge Tripp had for years before going upon the bench a large and paying practice and enjoyed the confidence of his clients end the courts. As a judge he is quick, energetic and laborious, and for a man of somewhat naturally quick temper, is very affable and pleasant to the bar.

Jesse W. Laird is among the oldest lawyers and is one of the most correct pleaders at the

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bar, as well as strong to a jury. He has a logical, earnest mind, and is probably the best educated lawyer here.

J. W. Longbon, although a member of the bar, is hardly known as a lawyer, having rather a judicial cast of mind. Disputed cases involving the examination of books, accounts, settlements, etc., are referred to him as a Master Commissioner, and his findings are very rarely excepted to. He was Probate Judge of the county for one term just after the war. He is more of an educator than lawyer.

John T. Moore for years practiced in Pike County, Ohio, and was Prosecuting Attorney there several terns. Coming into this county about 1875, he formed a partnership with Levi Dungan, which lasted two years. He is a man of varied attainments, linguistic, literary and mathematical, and a man of strong convictions. As a lawyer he is devoted to precedents, being well versed in them, and as an advocate is always heard with pleasure whether with conviction or not.

John L. Jones served four terms as Prosecuting Attorney and was probably, all things considered, the best prosecutor the county has had since the war. He never prosecuted or failed to prosecute because of personal or political reasons and was economical in his management.

James M. Tripp, a son of Judge Tripp, is a young lawyer of much promise, being well educated, of clear, earnest mind, pleasant address, studious habits and not afflicted with
ego.

Of the other members of the bar, they are young, except perhaps three, and they are modest, and have never yet taken a city, although some of them no doubt will, all being of good mind and well equipped for their Work.

MASONIC.

In the summer of 1844, at a meeting of Master Masons held in a private room at the hotel of Mr. A. French, in Jackson, Ohio, the first steps were taken toward the organization of a lodge of Master Masons. This meeting was composed of the following named brethren : Asa R. Cassidy, James H. C. Miller, Wm. Trago, Ripley C. Hoffman, Alexander Miller, Elias Long, Thompson Leach, and Wm. W. Mather. The meeting was formally organized by the appointment of Asa R. Cassidy, Chairman, and Alex. Miller, Secretary. A resolution was adopted setting forth the expediency of applying to the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Ohio for a Dispensation to open and hold a lodge of Master Masons at Jackson, Ohio. A petition for that purpose having been reported by an appropriate committee appointed for that purpose, was signed by all the brethren present. This meeting was adjourned to meet at the court-house in Jackson at some subsequent day. Soon afterward the same brethren met at the court-house, when the committee that had been appointed for the purpose at the former meeting reported that the prayer of the petitioners had been recommended by Scioto Lodge, No. 6 (located at Chillicothe. Ohio), when the committee was instructed to forward the petition and recommendation to the M. W. Grand Lodge of Ohio.

The DISPENSATION, dated Oct. 24, 1844, Era of Masonry 5,844, was duly received. Bro er A. R. Cassidy was therein named and a pointed as First Master; James H. C. Mill: First Senior Warden, and Wm. Trago as First Junior Warden, and empowered, with the associates, to make choice of such other o' cers necessary for the regular organization a lodge.

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The first meeting under the Dispensation was held in the grand jury room of the old court-house. All the foregoing named brethren were present with the addition of Brother Thomas H. Elliott. At this meeting a lodge of Master Masons was opened in ancient form, and the organization of a lodge completed by the adoption of the by-laws of Columbus Lodge,No. 30,for temporary government, and by the election of the following officers: Elias Long, Treasurer; A. Miller, Secretary; R. C. Hoffman, S. D.; W. W. Mather, J. D.; and Thomas H. Elliott, Tyler. The new lodge took the name of Amity.

The lodge continued to work under dispensation until the annual communication of the Grand Lodge in October, 1845, when a charter was granted to the original petitioners and their successors, under the name of Amity Lodge, No. 132.

At the annual communication of the Grand Lodge of Ohio, October, 1853, the name of the lodge was changed from Amity to that of " Trowel" for the reason that there was an older lodge in this jurisdiction named Amity.

Some time in July or August, 1850, the charter of the lodge was stolen, in consequence of which no meetings were held for the months of August, September and October, but the Grand Lodge of Ohio, having at its annual communication, October, 1850, granted a duplicate charter, the lodge resumed labor Nov. 14, 1850.

Since the institution of the lodge in 1845 the following named brethren have served as Masters: A. R. Cassidy, J. H. C. Miller, J. W. Laird, James Farrar, L. E. Knapp, 0. C. Miller, Samuel Saylor, W. K. Hastings, L. B. Paul, George Stevenson, T. S. Matthews, H. A. Bedel; T. W. Patterson and M. C. Keenan.

Dec. 10, 1855, at a convention of Royal Arch Masons, assembled at the Masonic Hall, in Jackson, Ohio, for the purpose of taking into consideration the expediency of instituting a chapter, Comp. James H. C. Miller was called to the chair and H. C. Messenger appointed Secretary. After consultations and interchanging opinions touching the subject, on motion of J. W. Laird, it was unanimously Resolved, " That, having in view the welfare and prosperity of Masonry in this district of country, and animated by a zeal for the propagation of the Royal Art, we deem it proper to procure the establishment in the town of Jackson, Jackson Co., Ohio, a chapter of Royal Arch Masons." Comp. James H. C. Miller was appointed to prepare a petition to the M. E. Grand Chapter; to obtain the constitutional number of subscribers ; to procure the recommendation of Vinton Chapter and to forward the same to the M. E. Grand High Priest, soliciting his warrant. The petition having been prepared and subscribed by Comps. C. P. Chandler, Moses Sternberger, J. Connolly, Samuel R. Holcomb, Jr., William Symmes, John E. Holcomb, James H. C. Miller, J. W. Laird, H. C. Messenger, William B. Whartenbe and F. M. Keith, was, together with the necessary vouchers, forwarded to the M. E. Grand High Priest, on Feb. 15, 1856, and a dispensation, dated Feb. 25, 1856, was duly issued and received, authorizing the petitioners to open and constitute a chapter of Royal Arch Masons at Jackson, Ohio, with Comp. Jesse W. Laird, First High Priest; Comp. Moses Sternberger, First King, and Comp. William B.Whartenbe, First Scribe. March, 4, 1856, the chapter, under the name of Trowel, was duly opened and constituted, Comp. Samuel Reed acting for the Grand High Priest as special Grand Lecturer.

Convocations of the chapter were held March 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 11, at which the general degrees of the chapter were conferred upon H. H. Fullerton, Samuel Saylor, W. K. Hastings, 0. C. Miller, M. Shower, T. N. Howell, R. C. Hoffman and D. W. Winfough.

April 7, 1856, the High Priest appointed

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the following officers: H. C. Messenger, Captain of the Host; W. K. Hastings, Principal Sojourner; H. H. Fullerton, Royal Arch Captain; R. C. Hoffman, 0. C. Miller, M. Shower, Grand Masters of V.; Samuel Saylor, Guard.

Nov. 25, 1856, M. E. Comp'n Erastus Burr, acting under the dispensation of H. M. Stokes, G. H. P., as deputy of Grand High Priest, appeared with a charter for this chapter issued by the Grand Chapter of the State of Ohio, 18th of October, 1856, and calling to his assistance the necessary officers pro tem. proceeded to open, in due form, the Grand Chapter of Ohio, whereupon the chapter aforesaid having been read and accepted, he proceeded to constitute the members named therein, to wit: Comp'ns C. P. Chandler, Samuel Holcomb, Jr., William Symmes, John E. Holcomb, James H. C. Miller, J. W. Laird, H. C. Messenger, Moses Stern berger, and William B. Whartenbe, F. M. Keith and their associates, a regular and constitutional chapter of Royal Arch Masons by the style and title of

Trowel Chapter, No. 70, and duly dedicating the same in proper form, the officers elect of the chapter were installed by him, to wit: J. W. Laird, H. P.; Moses Sternberger, K.;William B. Whartenbe, S. ; H. C. Messenger, C. H.; W. K. Hastings, P. S.; H. H. Fullerton, R. A. C.; M. Shower, R. C.

Hoffman, O. C. Miller, G. M. of V's.; Thomas N. Howell, Treasurer; J. H. C. Miller, Secretary; Saylor, Guard.

Since the chapter was constituted in 1856 the following named companions have served as High Priest; J. W. Laird, H. C. Messenger, H. S. Bundy, O. C. Miller, B. Kahn, George Stevenson and Lysander May.

Salt Lick Lodge, Ho. 417, I. 0. 0. F.— This lodge was instituted at Jackson, Ohio, June 10, 1869, by the following charter members: L. C. Rockwell, J. F. Cook, James Titus, George Stuart, C. K .Crumit, D. H. Varian, Eli Aten and B. O'Connor. The lodge has been kept constantly alive as a strong social organization of the town, numbering in its ranks a majority of the leading men of Jackson and vicinity. It has now a membership of eighty-four.

This is the parent lodge of all others of the order in the county. Their names, dates of institution and number of members at the present time are as follows: Oak Hill Lodge, No. 585, instituted July 16, 1874, membership, 22; Ellsworth Lodge, No. 661, instituted Oct. 27, 1876, membership, 35; Wellston Lodge, No. instituted in July, 1882, membership, 60. The other lodges which sprang from the Salt Lick Lodge but situated outside of this county are Hamden Lodge, instituted July 17, 1872, and Centreville Lodge, instituted July 6, 1875.

CHAPTER XXIX.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF JACKSON CITY.

Rev. Lewis A. Atkinson was born in Gallia County, Ohio, April 24, 1821. He spent this boyhood and earliest manhood in school and at work on the farm. When eight years of age he united with the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he remained a faithful and consistent member until death. He was converted in 1843, and on Sept. 18 of the same year Was licensed to exhort. Just thirty-nine years from the day he took out his first paper of authority to preach, God gave him a call to a better country. He received license as a local preacher May 9, 1846, and the same year he joined the Ohio Conference and entered upon the active work of the ministry. He was married to Miss Amanda Long, Nov. 13, 1850. He continued in the work of the ministry until bodily affliction compelled him to retire from the active work. His ministry was very earnest and very successful. His energy was greater than his strength, so that he was compelled to give up the regular ministry while yet comparatively in early years, though he never ceased to preach when he could. He had been in nearly every neighborhood in Southern Ohio, and it is estimated that he has buried 300 people. He received authority to solemnize marriages in Scioto County, Ohio, Oct. 24, 1848. There is no record to show how many people he joined in marriage up to the time he entered the army, but the papers that he has preserved show that since the war he has joined in marriage 216 cduples. In 1862 he enlisted in the army in defense of his country. Through all the years of his army life no braver man stood on the battle-field than he. Through all these years of trying army experience no man maintained a higher character as a devoted, consistent Christian than did he. On Sept. 20, 1862, Governor David Tod appointed him First Lieutenant, Company K, Ninety-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Just twenty years from the day of his appointment he was buried. Jan. 3, 1864, he received his appointment as Captain of Company G, of the same regiment. He passed unharmed through all the battles of his regiment except the last two. He was dangerously wounded in the battle of Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. He came home about two weeks after he received his wounds, suffered extremely for five weeks, went back and received his discharge Feb. 3, 1865, and returned home. Sixteen months later he had a relapse and was confined to his room one year. He was Auditor of Jackson County from March, 1867, to March, 1869, and his political and official character was without.a stain. In 1872 he had another relapse from which he did not recover for about thirteen months. Sunday, Aug. 13, 1882, he had another relapse, and after the most intense suffering died from the effects of his wound, Sept. 18, 1882, at Jackson, Ohio. Before going into the battle in which he was wounded he called his soldiers to order and offered up a prayer to God in their behalf. Before the battle closed he fell, bleeding and

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maimed, and eighteen years from the very day of his wounds he lay shrouded in his coffin. July 20, 1882, just two months before his burial, his friends, to the number of about 300, gathered at his home, and gave to him and his wife the pleasant surprise of their presence, accompanied by presents to the value of $300, as tokens of their esteem and love. The only time during all his last sickness, when his intense suffering seemed to relax, was for about five minutes, which he spent in expressing his high appreciation of the recent ovation given by his friends and neighbors. This was to him the crowning event of his life and seemed to him in a great measure to repay him for the sacrifices and devotion of years gone by. Mr. Atkinson had a deep Christian experience, and a consistent life which commanded the confidence of all who knew him. His whole life was a grand testimony to his integrity and nobility of character. He was always on the right side of any great moral question. A man of strong convictions, he was unswerving in his fidelity to the truth. In him was no guile or hypocrisy. Although he is gone, his influence .still lives and can only be measured by eternity itself. In the language of another: " Lewis A. Atkinson, the Christian husband and father, the Christian citizen, the Christian minister, the Christian public officer, the Christian soldier and the Christian sufferer is at rest."

Samuel Baker has been a resident of Jackson County since 1854. While here he has been variously engaged in the manufacture of iron, in mining, and for two terms held the office of County Auditor. Years ago he retired from active life, and is now living quietly in his home in Jackson, feeble with the weight of ninety-two years upon his shoulders. Since coming to Ohio his life has been without remarkable history, as indicated above, but prior to that date his career in part has been surrounded with interesting events of history which would form an excellent groundwork for a most valuable historical narrative. It is to be regretted that want of space precludes from this work more than the briefest outline of the life of this man of so great an experience. He was born in Franklin County, Pa., Nov. 5, 1791, a son of Samuel and Mary (Beatty) Baker. He was reared on a farm, adjoining which was the farm of the father of James Buchanan, fifteenth President of the United States. They were boys together, were nearly of the same age, and were friendly companions at the country school. Although close companions in early life and lifelong friends, Mr. Baker remembers an occasion on which boyish rage took the place of friendly feeling for the time, and while in the school-yard at play he struck young Buchanan in the mouth with his fist and drew blood from the coming President. In later years, when boyish freaks were forgotten, the young statesman proved his lasting friendship for his old companion by securing for him a clerkship iu the Treasury Department at Washington. At the age of twenty-two young Baker volunteered in a private company organized in Franklin and Lancaster counties, Pa., by Colonel Miller, for the service of the United States against the British and Indians. With this company he marched through Ohio, pest the spot where Columbus now stands, en route for Lake Erie, the principal seat of conflict. He witnessed the victory of Commodore Perry on Lake Erie with the charm that distance lends, being on an island nine miles away. He took part in the engagements at the Thames, Chippewa, Lundy's Lane and Fort Erie. The former is memorable for the death-place of the great Indian warrior, Tecumseh. Mr. Baker, being in a near part of the field, was among the group that surrounded the fallen chief and witnessed his dying struggle.. At Lundy's Lane his horse was shot dead tinder him, falling with such violence to break the shoulder of his rider. At this time Mr.

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Baker had, by successive promotions, reached the position of Quartermaster. From the war he returned to Lancaster County, Pa., and taught school for a few years until, in 1829, he went to Washington, having been appointed clerk in the fifth auditor's office in the Treasury Department. While here he became intimately acquainted with President Jackson; and, be it said, contrary to the general opinion, that that iron-nerved warrior and statesman was not wanting in the tender feelings of humanity. He remembers an incident which proves him to have had sympathies of the tenderest nature, although stern dutydntyvented them from governing his actions. While in the discharge of some duty which called him to the President's private office, Mr. Baker was present when the mother of young Spencer, the dark, piratical conspirator, whose crime is known to students of history, came to plead for the life of her son, who had been condemned to death on the gallows. Although the woman plead in piteous tones and clasped the knees of the great magistrate he could only say to the sobbing mother that her son's was a bad case and he would not interfere with the demands of the law. After she had left, robbed of the last ray of hope, a gloomy spell came upon him, and throwing his pipe into the fire with an air of oblivion, said: " Baker, that woman loves her son; but it is a bad case. I cannot do anything for her. I sometimes regret that I am President." Then, in a pause of silence, tears were seen to flow freely down the President's cheeks. In 1832 Mr. Baker received the appointment of United States Consul to Chili and went to Valparaiso, where he remained about fifteen months. He resigned the position and returned to the forest on the west branch of the Susquehanna, where he spent the three years following in hunting and trapping. Most of the remaining part of his life spent in Pennsylvania he was engaged in teaching school and surveying, being

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County Surveyor for one term. He was twice married, and is the father of twelve children, six by each wife. His first wife was Mary Seldomridge, of Lancaster County, Pa., to whom he was married in 1813, and his second, Jane Starr, of Clarion County, Pa., to whom he was married in 1836, and who is still living. Mr. Baker was acquainted with most of the leading men of the day while employed at Washington, and has held conversations with all of the Presidents between Jefferson and Lincoln, with the single exception of President Taylor, whom he never knew. With several of them he was quite intimately acquainted. He had the rare privilege of hearing the great debate between Hayne and Webster on the subject of State rights, and listened to it with interest throughout. When a boy young Baker made a trip down the Ohio River to visit his uncle, who lived in Maysville, in 1809. He went on to Cincinnati, and was on its streets when it was a rude village with only a few hundred inhabitants.

S. P. Baldridge, son of Waid and Eliza (McCanahan) Baldridge, was born near Eckmansville, Adams Co., Ohio, in 1836. He was reared in his native county, where he received a good common-school education, after which he taught school a number of terms. He abandoned the profession in 1861 to join the army, but was not accepted till 1862, when he enlisted in Company E, Ninety-first Ohio Infantry. He participated in the battle's of Cloyd Mountain, Va., New River, Lynchburg, Va., and thence in the Shenandoah Valley under General Sheridan, till the close of the war. He entered as a private but was soon promoted to Orderly Sergeant, which position he filled eighteen months, when he was made Second Lieutenant, and soon after was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in January, 1865, was made Captain, in which position he served till his discharge in July, 1865. In September, 1865, he came to Jackson, where he was engaged in the clothing and notions busi-

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ness for several years. In 1876 he was appointed Postmaster of Jackson, under General Grant, and has since filled that office. He was married to Hattie A. Riffle, and they have two children living. Mr. and Mrs. Baldridge and family are members of the Presbyterian church. Waid Baldridge was a native of Lexington, Va., and when a boy he moved to Cherry Fork, Adams Co., Ohio, with his father, Rev. William Baldridge, who organized a society of the United Presbyterian church, which church he served till his death, in 1829. -W aid followed fanning through life, and died in 1859, and his wife died in 1877. They had a family of ten children, our subject being the fourth child.

V. H. Benton was born in McKean County, Pa., Nov.26, 1845, the eldest of three children of A. M. and Beulah (Hill) Benton. He was educated in the common schools and in Dickenson Seminary, Williamsport, Pa. In January, 1869, he came to Jackson, Ohio, and was employed as bookkeeper in the bank of Chapman, Clare & Co., and upon the organization of the First National Bank was appointed its Cashier, and served till Aug. 5, 1874, when, on account of ill-health, he was obliged to resign, and the next nine months he spent in Clyde, N. Y., in the lumber business. In May, 1875, he returned to Jackson, and in 1876 he took an agency in a life and fire insurance company, but on the completion of the Springfield, Jackson & Pomeroy Railroad, was appointed the agent at Jackson. Aug. 15, 1879, he resigned, and engaged in mining and shipping coal. In September, 1882, he became associated with the Chapman Coal Company. June 13, 1871, he married Lucy Ferree. Of their two children but one is living. His father, A. M. Benton, was the youngest of ten children, of Noah S. and Nancy (Lamkin) Benton, both natives of Connecticut. His father died in Livingstone, N. Y., aged fifty-seven, and his mother in McKean County, Pa., aged ninety years and nine months. He was born in Livingstone, N. Y., in 1817, and now resides in McKean County, Pa. In early life he was a millwright, but of late years has been engaged in lumbering and merchandising.

Jacob W. Beyron, carriage manufacturer, Jackson, was born in Germany, Aug. 15, 1838, a son of J. W. Beyron; a druggist of Leiselheim, Hesse-Darmstadt, who died in 1853. Our subject is the eldest of nine children. He received a good German education, and in 1853 came to the United States. He attended school three months in Cincinnati3Ohio, and in 1854 commenced to learn his trade in Madison, Ind., completing it in 1857. He located in Jackson in 1862, but in 1863 enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Ohio Infantry. He was discharged in 1864, and re-enlisted in the Second Virginia Cavalry, serving till the close of the war. He returned to Jackson, and save two years spent in Wheelersburg, Scioto County, has since resided here. He is the only practical carriage manufacturer in Jackson. His shop since 1873, has been in the rear of the Isham House. He was married in Wheelersburg in 1866 fo Mary J. Stropes. They have had five children, four only now living.

Jonathan R. Booth was born in Harrison County, Va., Feb. 16, 1829, a son of John and Elizabeth (Radcliffe) Booth, and a grandson of William Booth, the latter of English parentage. In 1835 his grandfather moved to Ohio, and subsequently to Logansport, Ind., and still later to Albany, IT, where he died. His wife, Deborah (Heart) Booth, was a native of Virginia, and died at the age of ninety years. Of their fourteen children, seven are still living. John, the eldest, was born in West Virginia, Feb. 21, 1804, where he was reared and educated, and married Elizabeth Radcliffe. They, in 1831, with two children, moved to Athens, now Vinton, County, Ohio, near Wilkesville, where he purchased and cleared up a farm and still

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resides. His wife died in 1863, and he afterward married Mrs. Ellen (Radcliffe) Parks. Of his children—Jonathan R., Houston, William, Stephen, Daniel and Jasper—the subject of this sketch is the eldest. He received a common-school education, but by applying himself closely to his studies, at the age of eighteen was qualified to teach. He taught five winters, working on the farm at home in the summer. Nov. 18, 1852, he married Amanda Braley, a native of Jackson County, Ohio, born Jan. 16, 1833. Soon after his marriage he settled in Middleton, and engaged in the mercantile business with his father-in-law. From 1855 until 1866 he was connected with different furnaces as storekeeper and clerk, and at one time owned stock in the Cincinnati, now Richland, Furnace. From 1866 till 1871 he was in the employ of the Orange Furnace. In the fall of the latter year he was elected on the Democratic ticket Auditor of Jackson County, and re-elected in 1873. In December} 1872, he laid out Booth's addition to Jackson, containing two and a half acres. From 1875 till 1878 he was variously employed, but the latter year opened the hardware store where he is now located, on Main street, and is now doing a thriving business. March 18, 1876, his wife died, leaving one son, Stephen R., two daughters having preceded her. Dec. 31, 1877, Mr. Booth married Mrs. Carrie Barber.

J. H. Bunn, sheep-grazer and dealer in stock, Jackson, Ohio, is a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Nelson) Bunn, and was born in 1824, in Jackson County, Ohio. He matured to farm life and devoted three months during the winter to the inferior schools of fifty years ago. With these limited privileges he prepared himself for teaching at the age of twenty, but only taught one year and then resumed farming, which occupation he has followed more or less since. In 1854 he married Elizabeth, daughter of Nelson Cavett, and the same year erected his present residence. In the same year he, his brother H. C. and Aaron Walterhouse erected the Franklin Mills. The Bunn brothers operated the mill with excellent success until 1870, when T. P. Sutherland succeeded them. From 1853 until 1870 the Bunn brothers successfully operated a general store in Jackson, and during this time they became prominently associated with the Fulton Furnace Company as partners. Owing to a dissatisfaction, they, the Bunn brothers, became sole proprietors and operated it until 1873, when the Globe Iron Company succeeded them. As Mr. Bunn has been a land-owner since 1845, in the year 1873i when he freed himself from manufacturing interests, he was in a good situation to engage in handling cattle and grazing sheep, which he has made a specialty of ever since, and, with the attention he has given this subject, he has acquired a knowledge which nothing but experience produces. Mr. Bunn is not only a live, wide-awake business man of firm and prompt business principles, but at the same time a special friend to education, in which he has through life felt a deep interest. He is a man of public spirit, willing to assist in all enterprises having for their effect the good of the community. Whilst we can speak of his public spiritedness, we can say equally as much of his taste, manifested in ornamenting and making his home convenient, comfortable and attractive. Although his residence on Main street has stood for over a quarter of a century and is not of modern architecture, it has an imposing and striking appearance which bears evidence of his taste. Mr. and Mrs. Bunn have two daughters, both good musicians.

J. C. Cahoon, photographer, Jackson, Ohio, was born Feb. 29, 1832, a son of William C. and Evalina (Wood) Cahoon. His father was a native of Delaware, a son of John Cahoon, and his mother was a daughter of Jesse Wood, and a native of Rockingbam County, Va. They came to Gallia County, Ohio, about the

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year 1818, where they were married soon after, and spent the rest of their lives. They reared a large family, John C. being the third child. He was reared on a farm and received a limited education at the log-cabin schools. He engaged in photography in 1858, and in 1865 located in Jackson, and since then-has spent but little time out of his gallery. He was married at Waverly, Nov. 24, 1872, to Elizabeth A. Smith, a daughter of Edmond and Lydia Smith, natives of Rockingham County, Va. They have one child—Mary Cornelia born June 24, 1876.

Rev. H. J. Carr was born in Cayuga County, N. Y., Oct. 11, 1810, a son of Walter M. and grandson of Joseph Carr. The latter was a native of Scotland and married Sarah Moore, a native of Wales. They settled in air early day in Monmouth, N. Y. He and two sons served in the Revolutionary war. His wife was possessed of more firmness and nerve than is commonly given to women, and although beaten by the Tories with an iron rod and threatened with death, refused to reveal a secret of which she was cognizant. Walter M., the youngest of fourteen children, was born in New York and died in Athens County, Ohio, in 1855. He married Mary Harrison, who died in Iowa, at the residence of her son, in 1863. They had two sons—H. J. and Perry, the former the subject of our sketch. He married Rebecca Conaway, of Jefferson County, Ohio, who died leaving six children. Mr. Carr afterward married Ziare, widow of Edmund Lucas, and daughter of Jesse Marshall, of Scioto County, Ohio. In early life Mr. Carr had the advantage of a common-school education. He was converted when twenty-nine years of age and joined the Free-Will Baptist church and the next year was licensed to preach. He is now serving five churches, two in Scioto County, two in Jackson County and one in Athens County. His children were: James C., of Athens County; Albert A., deceased; Eliza J. wife of Dr. S. T. Boggess, of Jackson; Wilson L., of Nebraska; Joseph, of Illinois, and Leander D., deceased. His sons were all in the late war, four serving three years. Albert was Captain of the Seventh Ohio Cavalry. Albert and Leander both died of disease contracted in the army. Mr. Carr has always been an anti-slavery man and is now a staunch Republican. During Morgan's raid in Ohio he was a severe sufferer, losing property and being subjected to ill-treatment from the rebels. H. L. Chapman, proprietor of the Chapman Coal Company and President of the Tropic Furnace Company, Jackson, was born in Allegany County, N. Y., July 10, 1837, and his grandparents were born in Connecticut. He received his boyhood education in the East, but in the fall of 1854, when only seventeen years of age, he came to Portsmouth, Ohio, and there followed lumbering six years, with good success. Subsequently he commenced reading law under the tutorship of Moore & Johnson, of Portsmouth. Turtling his attention to this profession closely, he was, in due time, admitted to the bar, but concluded not to practice and formed a partnership with Mr. Kinney in private banking in Portsmouth under the firm name of Kinney & Chipman. They conducted business in Portsmouth until the spring of 1865, when Mr. Chapman came to Jackson, and was instrumental in forming the private banking company of Kinney, Bundy & Co., of which H. L. Chapman was made President. This company continued business until June, 1866, when the firm changed to Chapman, Clare & Co., and Dec. 7, 1870, the First National Bank of Jackson grew out of it of which he was made President, resigning the position, however, in 1877. During the summer of 1874 the subject of the Springfield, Jackson & -Pomeroy R. R. was strongly agitated, with which Mr. Chapman was prominently identified from the start. On Dec. 17 of this year the road was chartered, and on March 2, fol-

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lowing, the company was organized, at which time H. L. Chapman became a Director. At the official meeting the second year he was elected Vice-President of the road, and continued to serve as such, together with a Directorship, until March, 1882. The road was reorganized in 1879 into the Springfield Southern, but in March of 1882 the road was sold to the owners of the I.,B. & W. R. R. and reorganized as the Ohio Southern, of which he is still a Director. During 1874 and 1875 he was also a Director of the Dayton & Southeastern R. R. and while such was an active worker, as he is in all things. As a furnace-man and coal operator he has taken a lively interest in the business. In 1873 he became a Director in the Tropic Furnace Co., of which he is now President and a stockholder, and is now a Director, also, in the " Globe Iron Co." In 1875 aud '76 he started in the coal interest in Jackson County by purchasing 1,000 acres of Jackson hill and shaft coal, upon which now are operated five distinct mines: three by Jones & Morgan, one Kelley Coal Co., and one Callahan & Gilliland, upon all of which he receives a royalty. In 1880 Mr. Chapman bought 500 acres of Jackson hill coal upon which three separate mines are now operated, under the firm of Chapman Coal Co., formerly the Chapman Coal Co., Diamond Coal Co. and Springfield Coal Co., and has two stores connected with his coal works, all being specially written up in the history of Coal Township. Mr. Chapman in politics is a Dem ocrat. In religion he is free from any creed or denomination, but is a member of three brauches of Masonic order in Portsmouth, Ohio. Mr. Chapman is a man of medium stature, elastic and rapid step, possessing a remarkable business capacity; a man of plain, nnvarnished address, always speaking what he thinks, never intermingling business with or conducting it upon principles of friendship, but purely on business principles.

W. B. Cherington, son of Levi and Permelia (Mansing) Cherington, was born Dec. 5, 1845, in Gallia County, Ohio. He attended school and worked on the farm till he was fifteen years old, after which he was engaged as an engineer till 1863, when he enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Seventy-third Ohio Infantry. He participated in the battle of Nashville, and served till the war closed. He then completed his education at the Ewington Academy, when he worked at the molder's trade, in Kansas City, Mo., for four years. He returned to Ohio in 1869, and engaged in molding at the Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad shops at Zaleski, Ohio, for three years. In 1872 he married Margaret E. Nutt, of Pike County, Ohio. They have one child—Erie W. In 1872 he. went to Jackson, where he superintended the foundry and machine works of Picksel & Co., in which company he was a stockholder. In the fall of 1880 he was elected Sheriff of Jackson County, and was re-elected in 1882. He is one of the enterprising citizens, and takes an active part in promoting the general interest of the county. He is a Royal Arch Mason, and in politics affiliates with the Republican party. He has been a Class-Leader in the Methodist church for eighteen years. His father, Levi Cherington, was born in 1816, in Gallia County, Ohio, and followed farming through life. He was the father of four children—Mary, Sarah E., W. B. and C. W., who are all living and have received an academical education. His death occurred in his native county in 1880. His wife was one of the nineteen children, who all grew to maturity, of Jordon and Elizabeth (Knox) Mansing, natives of Gallia County. She is still living, aged sixty-seven years. Her father was a farmer by occupation, and served as a Captain in the war of 1812.

Cherington Family.—This is one of the large and prominent families of Jackson County. The records are preserved from 1702, and show the family to be of English