HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 725 Ohio Volunteer Infantry, when first organized, were: Colonel, Orland Smith; Lieutenant-Colonel, Jacob Hyer; Major, Richard Long; Adjutant, Frederick C. Smith; Surgeon, Jonas P. Safford; Quartermaster, William D. Wesson. Jan. 24, 1862, the regiment was ordered to report to General Rosecrans (then commanding the department of West Virginia), and proceeded immediately to New. Creek, W. Va. It marched from there to Romney, and, returning, again marched to Moorefield with the Fifty-fifth Ohio Infantry, where, after a slight skirmish, it entered the town. Returning immediately to New Creek, the regiment was ordered back to Clarksburg on the 18th of February, and arrived there on the 19th. Measles had broken out in the regiment and in two weeks time 300 men were sick in hospital and one or more died almost every day. The records of death as given above will show the reader how fatal this disease was to Companies B and D; and the deaths in the other companies were in about the same proportion. From Clarksburg the regiment, on the 20th of March, 1862, moved to Weston, and after a three weeks' encampment commenced its march across the mountains by way of Buchanan, Beverly, Huttonsville and Cheat Mountain, 120 miles, to Monterey, where the Seventy-third lost several men who had been sent on a foraging party, having been surprised by rebel cavalry near Williamsville. May 8, the regiment participated in the battle 4)f McDowell, General Milroy commanding the Union forces, about 4,000 strong, and being reinforced during the battle with General Schenck's command of about 2,000. It was soon learned that Stonewall Jackson had united his forces with those of General Johnson, and our army retreated upon Franklin, arriving there May 10, being closely pursued by the rebel forces. On the 13th of May General Fremont with an army of about 10,000 men marched into Franklin, and the enemy learning of this fact immediately with- drew toward the valley of the Shenandoah. The forces at Franklin were organized into an army under the command of General Fremont and was called the Army of the Mountain. The Seventy-third Regiment was now. for the first time brigaded, being placed in the ;brigade commanded by General Schenck. May 25 the Army of the Mountain, under command of General Fremont, left Franklin for the Shenandoah Valley, where, June 1, it again encountered Stonewall Jackson's forces, on their return up the valley, after having suddenly fallen upon General Banks at Strasburg and driven him back through Winchester to Harper's Ferry. Sharp skirmishing between the two armies was engaged in, but Jackson continued to move up the valley and Fremont followed him, engaging his rear guard from time to time until his arrival at Cross Keys, where Jackson made a stand and where a determined and sanguinary battle was fought on the 8th of June. The battle was not decisive, but on the morning of the 9th it was discovered that Jackson had retreated through Port Republic. In this engagement the Seventy-third Regiment lost eight men in killed and wounded. It was here that William Labor, of Company B, was killed while on the skirmish line. General Fremont decided not to follow Jackson, and immediately moved his army back to Strasburg, where it remained a few days and then retired to Middletown. While here General Fremont was superseded by General Sigel, and the Army of the Mountain became the First Corps of the Army of Virginia. The Seventy-third Regiment was placed in a division commanded by General Schenck and in a brigade commanded by Colonel N. C. Mt Lean, of the Seventy-fifth Ohio. The brigade was composed of the Fifty-fifth, Seventy-third, Seventy-fifth and Twenty-fifth Ohio regiments. On the 7th of July the First Corps of the Army of Virginia left Middletown and moved through Front Royal, and along the 726 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY. main stream of the Shenandoah and up the valley of Luray, and then after a few days' rest crossed the Blue Ridge and encamped at Sperryville, at the foot of the mountain, where it remained for nearly a month. On the 16th of July the Seventy-third with a force of cavalry and a section of artillery was sent on a reconnoisance to Madison Court-House, in which a few prisoners were taken. While at Sperryville, General Pope arrived and assumed command of the Army of Virginia. On the 8th of August the army broke camp and moved forward to join the forces of General Banks, then encamped at Culpeper, and who was being threatened by Stonewall Jackson who was crossing the Rapidan near Orange Court-House. The Seventy-third marched all night and arrived at Culpeper at noon on the 9th. On arrival heavy and continuous wars of musketry and artillery could be distinctly heard in the direction of Cedar Mountain where General Banks was engaging the enemy. The smoke from the batteries and bursting shells was plainly visible to those at Culpeper. At sunset the brigade is moved forward, passing on toward Cedar Mountain, meeting many ambulances loaded with wounded men, and groups of men walking, and wounded men on foot and on horseback, passing to the rear, and all telling of a bloody battle. The brigade moves on four miles and turns into a field and forms in line of battle and the men rest on their arms. Night comes and there is a lull in the sound of artillery and musketry, with occasional outbreaks that indicate a continuous struggle for the mastery. A little after midnight the brigade is roused up and moved to the front, passing many stragglers and parks of ambulances and artillery and reserves of cavalry and infantry, when it again files into a field with only pickets in front, and the men lay down to await the coming day and, as was thought by all, a coming death struggle, but no engagement took place that day nor on the next, as the enemy had fallen back. Two days later Sigel's Corps moved forward to the Rapidan on the Orange Court-House road, and remained there about a week, when it having been reported that Jackson was moving down the right bank of the Rapidan, with intent of getting between the city of Washington and the Army of Virginia, orders were given to fall back, and Sigel's Corps moved slowly back through Culpeper to the Warrenton and White Sulphur Springs. The next morning Schenck's division was moved up to Freedman's Ford. At this ford a lively artillery engagement was kept up during most of the day, while McLean's brigade was massed near the ford. From here the whole corps moved rapidly toward White Sulphur Springs. The enemy had possession of the ford at the Springs, and had thrown a considerable force across and was fighting for a foothold on the north side of the river, but our forces soon drove him back. The Seventy-third supported a section of artillery in this engagement, and with it the regiment stood picket during the night, half a mile out on the flank of the corps, and in the morning the whole corps swept around the Springs and occupied the hills for a mile up the river, at which place a spirited artillery engagement was kept up for two hours. M about noon the corps moved up to the village and ford of Waterloo, where the artillery again continued their duel. On the next evening the corps moved to Warrenton. On the next morning, Aug. 26, the corps moved out on the Alexandria pike, passed through New Baltimore and Buckland, and arrived during the afternoon in the vicinity of Gainesville, where the enemy again appeared in front. The advance of Sigel's corps found the enemy at Gainesville, and fell back until the column came up. Here there was some artillery fighting, and it was afterward learned that Jackson, with his whole army, was there, moving, through Gainesville, oil HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 727 toward the railroad at Bristol, where he was repulsed by the forces under General Hooker, when he turned to the left and moved to Manassas Junction. Early on the morning of the 27th of August the corps moved through Gainesville in the direction of Manassas, arriving in the vicinity of the Junction about noon and learning that Jackson had left there early in the morning. Late in the afternoon the corps filed to the left and marched across to the old Bull Run battleground, and just before sunset the artillery of the corps opened upon Jackson's rear guard near the stone bridge. Sigel's skirmish line extended across the pike about a mile from Groveton, near the " Stone House," and the men of the entire corps slept on their arms during that night. Skirmishing began early the next day and the artillery of both armies engaged each other with more or less earnestness until the position of the enemy was developed, when Sigel's corps moved forward in order of battle, passed Groveton, and up to within a few hundred yards of the enemy's batteries. Schenck was now ordered to cross the pike, mass his troops behind some timber and charge the enemy's batteries. Just as the division was massed General Reynolds came dashing down from the direction where General Milroy was engaged, and said to General Schenck, " General, for God's sake don't go up there," and immediately afterward General Schenck received orders to recross the pike and fall back toward Groveton. Scarcely had Schenck started to move across the pike in obedience to this order, when a battery of the enemy opened on him and fairly plowed the field over which his division passed, with shot and shell, and the rebel infantry also pressed closely on him, but at Groveton he turned upon them and held them there until late in the afternoon, when he retired to the vicinity of " Stone House." The two armies thus facing each other were evi dently preparing for a decisive struggle, but about an hour before sundown there was a lull in the contest, when General Schenck received orders again to recross the pike, accompanied with the information that Generals McDowell and Porter were coming into support him on the left. Scarcely had Schenck crossed his division before McDowell's forces moved forward in splendid style, passed down the hill and over the stream, knee deep in water, swept along the pike to the very front of battle on the double quick, shouting and cheering as they pressed forward into the very hell of battle. It was a spectacle to be remembered for a life time, and was a grand exhibition of true soldierly enthusiasm. They suffered terribly, however, for their heroic work, and though the night soon put an end to the fighting for that day, on the next morning the ground for half a mile in front was thickly strewn with McDowell's dead. During the night the enemy fell back to higher ground, a mile and a half from Sigel's lines. Lee had now concentrated all his forces, while McDowell and Porter had united with Sigel and Hooker and Banks were but six miles away. In the morning the battle opened early with cannon at long range, the enemy frequently using broken pieces of railroad iron in place of ball and shell. The Union army now confronting the enemy at this point numbered about 45,000 men, and early in the day commenced maneuvering and massing for a death struggle. On the right the forces pushed forward and engaged, the enemy vigorously, while the center and left only advanced to the village of Groveton. Schenck's division had been massed on the right of the pike, half a mile forward of " Stone House," during the last night and this forenoon. In the afternoon the division was ordered into a new position and formed on a bald hill on the left of the pike, half a mile from Groveton, the line of battle being about perpendicular to the pike. The Seven 728 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY. ty-third Ohio occupied the left of McLean's brigade, and was on the extreme left of the line of battle as thus formed, of the Union army. Schenck's division formed the left of the army, and it was not refused but ended abruptly in an open field, and was without any defense whatever in the way of earth-works or other protection . About four o'clock in the afternoon the battle opened up with considerable earnestness. The tide of battle gradually approached the left, and soon the entire rebel line was seen advancing and driving our forces at the right and center before it. The enemy's line of battle extended across the pike, through the open grounds and into the woods on either side. On came the rebel line sweeping down the hill and pressing resistlessly forward, and still Schenck's division stood waiting for the shock that was so soon to follow. Finally the right of the division opened a deadly fire on the advancing forces as they charged upon a battery 300 yards in front, which checked and drove them back for a moment, under cover of a hill, where they halted to re-form their broken lines. On the left front of Schenck's division, 200 yards distant, was a stretch of woods and a deep ravine. Up this ravine and into the woods the enemy was seen to be moving by the flank, and the right of McLean's brigade began to pour into them a deadly fire. Several battle-flags were seen to pass through this ravine, and then it was understood that the Seventy-third Ohio would have to meet the charge of a brigade of rebels, yet it did not flinch or waver. A few minutes passed and a brigade of men, massed in column, emerged from the woods, half a mile out on the left flank of the brigade, and bore rapidly down on the Seventy-third. The commander of the regiment discovering this movement, immediately communicated the information to the brigade commander, but he said these were Union forces coming to his support. The enemy in front, in concert with those on the left flank, now came out of the woods, their lines overlapping those of McLean's brigade. At once the Seventy-third opened upon them a destructive fire, so murderous that they retreated into the wood, and from their partially sheltered position opened up a deadly fire on McLean's brigade. It was the first open-field fighting that the Seventy-third had engaged in, and the officers and men were determined to acquit themselves well. Without any defenses and in an open field, McLean's brigade delivered its fire most effectually, shouting and cheering as the enemy sought cover in the woods. But the contest was not long. In a few minutes the " stars and bars " of the flanking column were so plainly visible that there could be no mistaking the fact that they were rebels. Just then, too, a battery on the left front opened up with shot and shell, which plowed down the lines of McLean's brigade, while on rushed the flanking column, moving so as to gain the rear of the brigade, while the enemy in front, emboldened by this movement, opened up a terrific fire and advanced out of the wood. This was met by the fire of McLean's brigade with dauntless courage, but the struggle was _too unequal, and when the enemy had nearly gained the rear of the Seventy-third, and had opened up a hot fire down its lines, and being opposed by vastly superior numbers and outflanked in its position, it was, with the brigade, compelled to fall back to the woods, where was found a supporting line, which effectually checked the advancing rebel forces. In this battle—the first real battle that the Seventy-third had engaged in—the loss of the regiment was severe. It went into the engagement with 312 guns, and lost 144 men in killed and wounded, and twenty men taken prisoners. This engagement, which was most disastrous to Pope's command, practically ended the battle at that point, and it was soon rumored that Lee had moved his army by the left flank, with the evident intent of cross- HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY- 729 ing the Potomac into Pennsylvania. Thus has the Seventy-third regiment been traced from the time of its organization up to and including its first real battle. To trace it further in detail would be impracticable in a history such as this, but it may be said here, that the regiment ,participated subsequently in the battle of Chancellorsville, and next in the great battle—the greatest of the war—Gettysburg. In the battle of Gettysburg the regiment went in with scarcely 300 guns, and lost, in killed and wounded, 154 men. The Seventy-third, in the battle of Gettysburg, occupied a position on Cemetery, Hill, and along the Emmittsburg road, guarding the batteries above and in the rear of it. At this point, on the afternoon of the second day of the battle, the rebel lines encompassed this point of the hill so that their shells came both from the front and rear. An incident worth mentioning occurred here in which John H. Martin was the hero. He was then a Sergeant in Company B, and subsequently became a Captain. A rebel shell from the rear struck the hill and ricocheted, lighting on the ground within a few feet of where Martin lay with his company behind a stone fence. The fuse was still burning, and, quick as thought, Martin siezed the shell and threw it over the fence and then instantly dropped upon the ground. The shell, as soon as it struck the ground, exploded, but fortunately did no damage to any one. This act, which showed great bravery and self-command on the part of Martin, made him the hero of the company in that engagement. On the 24th of September, 1863, orders were received to prepare to march. The Seventy-third regiment had, some time before, been assigned to a brigade in the Eleventh Corps. The order included the Eleventh and Twelfth corps, and the destination of these two corps, under General Hooker, was Bridgeport, Ala. On the 25th of September, 1863, these two corps, numbering about 20,000 men, left Washington, and in five days arrived at their destination. For several weeks after their arrival at Bridgeport the Eleventh and Twelfth corps were kept busy guarding the communications and depots of supplies, and building bridges, but on Oct, 23, 1863, these two corps, commanded by General Hooker, were moved up the valley toward Chattanooga, driving the rebel skirmishers who sought to impede their progress. As the troops approached Lookout Mountain they were saluted by the enemy's artillery, posted on top of the mountain, but though the shells fell uncomfortably near, the column moved on to within three miles of the ferry at Chattanooga. Here, for the first time, they met a portion of the Army of the Cumberland, and their welcome to " Hooker's men" knew no bounds. Hooker had brought them crackers and support. The Eleventh Corps encamped within two miles of the ferry, while Geary's division of the Twelfths Corps encamped for the night at Wanhatchie, two miles further back. At about one o'clock the rebels had moved a force of men from their camp on Lookout Mountain, across Raccoon Creek, and had made a daring and unexpected attack on Geary's division. General Steinwehr's division of the Eleventh Corps and the brigade commanded by Colonel Orland Smith, of which the Seventy-third regiment was a part, was immediately ordered to fall in, and march to Geary's support. Smith's brigade had the advance, and the Seventy-third Ohio led the brigade. Advancing at double-quick on a road skirting a hill some 300 feet high, the enemy from the top of the hill fired a broadside into the two regiments in advance—the Seven ty-third Ohio and the Thirty-third Massachusetts. The brigade was at once fronted, and was ordered to charge up the hill. This was done in splendid style; and notwithstanding the fact that but the two regiments named engaged in the battle, yet they, by an impetuous charge, drove from the top of the hill a rebel brigade 730 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY. of thrice their number, who were fighting from behind hastily constructed breastworks. In this midnight fight, the first that the Seventy-third had engaged in after its transfer to the Army of the Cumberland, and one of the most daring and desperate that it had ever engaged in, the victory was a costly one, the loss to the Seventy-third, that had gone into the fight with less than 200 men, being in killed and wounded five officers and sixty men. The loss to the Thirty-third Massachusetts, that went into the fight with a little more than 350 men, in killed and wounded -was about 100. Forty prisoners were captured in this gallant charge, and the battle, in the hastily constructed breastworks on the top of the hill, was a hand-to-hand fight. This victory, so sudden and complete, at once relieved Geary, inasmuch as it threatened to cut off the retreat of the rebel forces. This midnight fight, so brilliant and so successful, placed Colonel Smith's brigade, and especially the Seventy-third Ohio and the Thirty-third Massachusetts, on the best of terms with the Army of the Cumberland. General Grant, who was on the ground the next day, in his official report of the engagement, pronounced the charge of the Seventy-third Ohio and Thirty-third Massachusetts " one of the most daring feats of arms of the war." At the commencement of the engagement Colonel Hurst, who was in command of the Seventy-third Ohio, was wounded, and from that on to the taking of the hill Major Higgins had command of the regiment. In the charge he had a horse shot from under him. In the regimental and brigade reports of this engagement he was specially mentioned for gallantry. Nov. 22. the Eleventh Corps crossed the river and, passing through Chattanooga, went into camp near Fort Wood; and on the 23d the battle of Mission Ridge was commenced, in which the Seventy-third Ohio took an honorable part. On the second day of this battle General Steinwehr detached the Seventy-third, and ordered it to charge and drive a considerable force of rebels, who, screened by a strong line of rifle pits, were giving his men much annoyance. In obedience to this order the Seventy-third crossed a, creek near the Tennessee River, and, under cover of some woods, succeeded in gaining the flank of the rebel force posted in their rifle pits, and by an impetuous charge drove the rebels from their works, they only staying to are one volley. In this charge the regiment took thirty-three prisoners, and received the hearty congratulations of General Steinwehr, who had selected the Seventy-third to do this important work. After the battle of Mission Ridge, and on the 29th day of November, 1863, the corps to which the Seventy-third belonged, now commanded by General Howard, was ordered to stack knapsacks and march to the relief of Knoxville. This march, which consumed nearly a month, and during which the men subsisted on the country through which they passed, was accomplished without a battle; and on the return of the corps to Chattanooga the Seventy-third Ohio, after canvassing the subject fully, concluded to reenlist as veterans, and on New Year's day, 1864, the regiment was remustered, and on the 3d of the same month started home on a return furlough. The Seventy-third, on its return home, received the most cordial welcome; and at Chillicothe, Ohio, a magnificent supper was given it at the Emmitt House, at which the leading and most influential citizens of the place acted as waiters at the table. Everywhere the men of the Seventy-third were most heartily welcomed. At Waverly the same cordiality was met with, and the citizens of the town presented to Major Higgins a fine horse, as an appreciation of his sea-vices and as a mark of their esteem. After a stay of more than a month the regiment returned to Lookout Valley. The Eleventh and Twelfth corps HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 731 were now consolidated into one corps, commanded by General Hooker, and was named the Twentieth Corps. On the 2d of May following a general forward movement was begun, and on the 8th a strong skirmish line was thrown out consisting of six companies, of which the Seventy-third furnished two. In front of Buzzard's Roost Major Higgins, of the Seventy-third, was placed in command of this force and was ordered to drive in the enemy's pickets, and to take a hill occupied by the enemy. This order he promptly obeyed, charging the hill and driving back the rebel skirmish line, losing a few men only in the engagement. The rebel army now fell back on Resaca, and Sherman's army followed. Here a severe battle ensued, in which the Seventy-third lost in killed ten men, and forty-two wounded, including one officer, Major Higgins. On the next day after the battle Johnson withdrew his army toward Altoona Pass, and on the 24th of May, Sherman followed, him, taking the road to Dalton. Colonel Orland Smith having resigned his commission when the Seventy-third veteranized, Colonel Wood, of the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth New York, had been assigned to the command of the brigade, which now consisted of the Seventy-third Ohio, Fifty-fifth Ohio, Thirty-third Massachusetts, and the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth New York, and General Butterfield was placed in command of the division. May 25 the march was resumed and it was soon learned that the head of the column of the Twentieth Corps had been checked by the enemy, and that Johnson's whole army confronted Sherman's advancing forces. In the afternoon Hooker was ordered to advance and attack the rebel position. This order was obeyed with General Hooker's usual impetuosity, and the Seventy-third Ohio and the brigade and division to which it belonged were soon in the midst of a terrific battle. Colonel Hurst, commanding the regiment, was wounded early in the battle and Major Higgins took command, and for a half hour or more held the regiment in position under a most destructive fire. The ammunition of the brigade having been exhausted, Colonel Wood was relieved by another brigade, and our men retired to a position in reserve. In this battle Captain Hinson and Lieutenant Davis, of Company B, Seventy-third, were wounded severely. The Seventy-third had gone into the fight with 250 men and suffered a loss of seventy men in killed and wounded. Hooker's corps lost in this engagement in killed and wounded 2,500 men. The regiment was in the engagement of Lost Mountain and the battles in front of Kenesaw Mountain, on the Powder Spring road and at other localities for many days immediately preceding the retreat of Johnson across the Chattahoochee. At the battle of Peach Tree Creek the Seventy-third was hotly and honorably engaged, though the loss was not as great as in some previous battles. The loss of the regi went in killed and wounded was eighteen. The loss of the brigade was 153, and of the division, 520. The charge made by the division in the face of the advancing enemy in this battle was everywhere spoken of as a brilliant one, and it resulted in effectually checking Hood, who now had command of Johnson's old army. The division then commanded by General Ward, of Kentucky, who had succeeded Butterfield, captured several battle-flags and many prisoners. From Peach Tree Creek, Hood fell back on Atlanta and Sherman's army followed him. In the siege of Atlanta the Seventy-third was in camp close up to the rebel picket line and directly under the rebel forts, so that for days rebel bullets passed through the tents of the officers, and the shell from their artillery was an every day occurrence. One day at the officers mess, and while the waiter was pouring out the coffee he was shot through the head and mortally wounded. In fact for more than 732 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY forty days prior to the capture of Atlanta the men of the Seventy-third were almost constantly under fire, not a day passing, scarcely, that some one of the regiment was not either killed or wounded. Sept. 2, 1861, the Twentieth Corps, now commanded by General Slocum, marched into Atlanta, the first of Sherman's army to enter the " Gate " City. Then followed Sherman's march to the sea, which commenced Nov. 15. This was a kind of holiday to Sherman's tired army,and, save a little skirmishing by the cavalry of both armies, was without any considerable engagement or obstruction. The Seventy-third enjoyed this march better than any that it had yet made. Lasting as it did for more than a month, and taking them through a rich and fertile country, they lived on the " fat of the land " and all were kept in the best of spirits by the pleasant surroundings. On Sherman's march north, from Savannah through the Carolinas, the Seventy-third participated in the battles of Averysborough and Bentonville, losing in wounded, at the former seventeen men, and at the latter, which proved to be the last of their many battles, five men killed and four officers and twenty-one men wounded. On the surrender of Lee and Johnson, which soon followed, the regiment, with Sherman's entire army, marched to Washington and participated in the Grand Review in May, 1865. After that the Seventy-third, with other regiments, was sent to Louisville, Ky., where it remained in camp until the 24th day of July when it was paid off and mustered out of the service. Perhaps no regiment in the service performed more work or did more marching and fighting than it, and in every situation that it was called upon to fill it fully and honorably discharged its whole duty. It participated in twenty battles, some of which were the greatest of the war, and it sustained a loss of 156 men killed and died of wounds; 568 wounded in battle, and 129 men who died of disease. Companies B and D of the Seventy-third always maintained a high standing in the regiment for bravery and soldierly conduct, and on the return of these companies to Waverly, at the close of the war, they met a cordial and most hearty reception. Many of the officers and men of these companies still reside in Pike County, while others have sought homes in the far West. A history of Pike County that should leave unrecorded the deeds of these brave men would not only be incomplete but would be doing an injustice, not only to them but to their posterity. THE SIXTY-THIRD INFANTRY was organized by the consolidation of two battalions of recruits known as the Twenty-second and Sixty-third Infantry, which was effected in January, 1862. It moved from Marietta Feb. 18, proceeding to Paducah, Ky., and thence to Commerce, Mo., to join the Army of the Mississippi, under General Pope and participated in all the operations against New Madrid and Island No. 10. Next it fought under Halleck in the siege of Corinth, sustaining severe loss in the engagement at Farmington. In the battle of Oct. 3, at Corinth, the Sixty-third lost forty-eight per cent. of officers and men, in killed and wounded, In November it joined Grant in Mississippi, and moved first to Jackson, Tenn., then to Bolivar, Tenn., and on the 31st of December fought Forrest at Parker's Cross Roads. After this victory the regiment went into winter quarters at Corinth. April 20, 1863, it moved beyond Tuscumbia, Ala., and then returned to Corinth. From May to October it was on garrison duty at Memphis, and then itjoined Sherman, marching to Eastport, and thence to Prospect, Tenn. Here it re-enlisted as a veteran regiment and proceeded home on its furlough. In February, 1864, it took the field again in Alabama, assisting in the capture of Decatur. Thence it proceeded to Chattanooga, Rossville and HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 733 Mission Ridge, and during the summer was actively engaged in the Georgia campaign. At Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Decatur and Jonesboro the Sixty-third performed excellent service, but at a cost of many lives. During that campaign it lost in action 158 men. In the closing months of 1864 it moved with Sherman on his famous march to the sea. It participated in the movements through the Carolinas, in the review at Washington, and was mustered out at Louisville, July 8, 1865. By authority of general orders it was entitled to inscribe upon its banners the names of .the following battles: New Madrid, Island No. 10, Iuka, Corinth, Oct. 4, Atlanta and Savannah. During its term of service it had enrolled an aggregate of ninety commissioned officers and over 1,500 men. One of the companies of this regiment was partly recruited in Pike County and Thomas McCord became its Captain, being mustered as such Dec. 16, 1861. The company had an honorable reputation while in service. During the war Pike County furnished her full quota of men,and more than her full quota, in as much as many of her citizens, late in the war, were credited when enlisting to other localities by reason of the high bounties paid. Seven of her men, and only seven, were drafted into the army. This certainly is an honorable record. Many of her citizens were active in obtaining volunteers and spent their time and money freely in this work; and the ladies of Pike County were not behind those of other localities in their zeal and patriotic labors min behalf of the soldiers. Societies were organized and clothing and delicacies in the way of provisions were sent to the hospitals and to the men at the front. As the years recede from these trying times the memory of the patriotism and devotion of the citizens of Pike County and the country to the Union and the flag transmitted to us by our fathers, becomes a precious heritage, increasing in value as time rolls on. WHAT OHIO DID FOR THE UNION. In closing the brief part the Lower Scioto Valley took in keeping the integrity of this glorious Union unimpaired it may not be out of place fo mention what our noble State has done toward perpetuating an indissoluble union of a confederacy of co-equal States. According to the returns, Ohio furnished to the Federal army 310,654 men. She was exceeded by but two States, New York and Pennsylvania, the former giving 445,950 and the latter 338,155 men for the Union cause. The only other State which exceeded 200,000 men was Illinois, her quota being 258,162. Ohio ranked third in population then as now in the Union, but she exceeded both New York and Pennsylvania in the number of her troops according to her population. Here killed and mortally wounded numbered 11,237, of whom 6,563 were found dead upon the fields of battle. There were very few battles fought during that memorable contest upon which Ohio troops were not found, and in every important battle of the war Ohio's representatives were seen and felt. It required but forty-eight hours to equip two regiments of Ohio men in the first call for troops, in April, 1861. When the guns of Fort Sumter reverberated over the hills and valleys of the North it aroused her people to action. Ohio responded promptly and those two regiments were on the way to their encampment ere the sounds of these guns had died away. Western Virginia was defended and saved by Ohio men. At the first battle of Bull Run it was an Ohio brigade that kept its coolness and courage, and covered the retreat of an otherwise demoralized and beaten army. In the Vicksburg campaign at Fort Donelson, in the trans-Mississippi department, at Mobile and New Orleans, at Chickamauga, Atlanta, the campaign in the Wilderness, in the march to the sea, in all these Ohio troops were found, and in 734 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY. the final campaign against Richmond they stood in undaunted courage and endurance, until the closing of the final scene under the historic apple-tree. Their bones can be found upon every battle field, either lost or won. A people thus rallying en masse to the call of duty gives an undying pledge of their patriotism, and that this Union of States, as long as she can rally a man, shall never be severed. Thus Ohio stands foremost in the sisterhood of States in all that manhood, honor and patriotism claims, and is as ready now as then to meet the enemies of our country, either domestic or foreign, and "welcome them with bloody hands to hospitable graves." Aug. 16, 1862.—"Resolved, That the commissioners of Pike County do hereby guarantee to every able-bodied man who has or shall volunteer in the United States service under the last two calls for volunteers in any company or part of company raised in Pike County, the sum of $25 to be paid upon the acceptance of said volunteer into the service of the United States." Feb. 20, 1864, a bounty of $100 was given to volunteers who would enlist for the war, the auditor being authorized to draw a warrant in favor of each soldier who volunteered as a bounty by the county on or before March 7, 1864. The county renewed the offer extending the time to April 1, 1864. The townships also contributed a quota to the general fund, or a part of them, as follows: Jackson, $550; Union, $280; Seal, $642; Pebble, $180. CHAPTER XXXVII. THE CITY OF WAVERLY. A RAPID RISE, A GLORIOUS PRESENT, AND A FUTURE OF GREAT PROMISE. THE BEAUTY OF ITS SURROUNDINGS. Waverly, the county seat of Jackson County, is situated on a beautiful plain in the valley of the Scioto River, one mile northwest of thatstream, and twenty-nine miles from its mouth. The Ohio Canal was built along the edge of this plain, just where the ground begins to rise into a series of rolling hills which cover the western part of the county, in 1829- '30. In 1829, along the south bank of this canal and parallel to, it, Water street, then the main street, was "laid out, and also two rows of lots south of it, _which extended back to what is now Second street. At that time this wide and fertile plain, and, in fact, nearly all of the SciotoValley, was covered by a heavy growth of large oak, elm, sycamore, poplar and other forest trees, and thickly underlined with hazel and other small underbrush. There was a small interruption, however, to this unbroken wilderness on the plain where Waverly now stands, caused by the log dwelling and small clearing of Mesheck Downing, who came and settled here at a- very early day, at least prior to the war of 1812. The house stood nearly where the livery stable back of the Ernmitt House now stands, and is known to have been a recruiting point in the war of 1812. This man, his son Joseph, and James Emmitt, then a young man who had begun building a small house here a month before the town was laid out, were the only residents in the near vicinity at that time. The first sale of lots was Aug. 24, 1829, and on that day James Emmitt bought the one on which he had commenced his house, which turned out to be lot No. 11, the one on which now stands the Rosenfelt House. This was the first lot sold, and Emmitt was to pay for it $36—giving three notes of $12 each, payable in one, two and three years, and receiving in turn a title bond to the property. The house he was building had to be moved about twelve feet to bring it out on the street. When completed he kept a small store in part of it, and also kept travelers and workmen on the canal as boarders. This was the first business establishment in Waverly. Mesheck Dawning's house had been an inn for travelers for many years. It was situated on the old road from Chillicothe to Portsmouth, which was called Yoakum's trace, a portion of which forms the diagonal cross street between North and Walnut streets. It crossed the canal about half way between Market and High streets. South of the canal at this point and east of this road, which ran north and south, stood a small field of growing corn at the time the town was laid out. Emmitt, in preparing to build his house, cut away a small patch of it to lay the foundation. Settlers came in rapidly, drawn by the construction of the canal, so that by 1831 there were several families living on and about. the town plat. In 1830 the inhabitants had petitioned for a postoffice, to be called Uniontown, by which name the village was then - 735 - 736 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY. known. The authorities had put them off, suggesting that they adopt a different name. While the people were casting about for a suitable new name the question was submitted to Captain Francis Cleveland, who was chief engineer on the canal, and was boarding at the house of Mr. Emmitt. He at that time was reading one of the Waverly novels of Sir Walter Scott, and suggested the name of Waverly. Under this name the postoffice was established, and kept by James Emmitt in his store. The town was laid out so as to cover lands owned by Mesheck Downing, Allen Barnes and Richard Chenoweth. The original twenty-five lots were in the course of time sold and others added by successive additions until the town has reached its present dimensions. The superior water-power furnished by the canal at this point invited the early erection of manufacturing industries, and it was not many years before a mill, tannery and distillery were in full operation. These have been followed by a second tannery, a second mill, a stone saw-mill and other establishments, in- eluding planing-mills, woolen-mills, etc. Mesheck Downing built a new two-story frame hotel in 1833, on the spot now occupied by the Emmitt House. His son, Joseph Downing, opened the house and ran it for several years, after which it went into the hands of strangers. This house was burned down in about 1858, in one of the two fires which in that year swept out the best part of the town. The other fire consumed Emmitt's frame hotel, on the site of the Rosenfelt House, and a tannery just above, owned by Thomas Howard. The present Emmitt House was built by James Emmitt in 1861. The old frame warehouse of James Em-mitt, on the south side of Market street, just west of the canal, was built in 1837, and used by him as a store, warehouse and office, until the completion of his new, magnificent brick block, on the opposite side of the street, in 1878. The court-house was built in 1865, the Catholic church in 1864. Most of the other large buildings in the town, including the McKenzie block, on the corner of North and High streets, were built or completed within the last few years. In Henry Howe's History of Ohio, publish. ed in 1847, the author says of Waverly: "It contains one Presbyterian church, one Methodist church, four stores, and had in 1840, 306 inhabitants." Since that time the growth in population has been as follows : In 1850, 678; in 1860, 1,057; in 1870, 1,202; in 1880, 1,539. In 1875 a local census showed Waverly to have 1,279 inhabitants, of which 763 were Americans and the other 516 descendants of other nationalities, as follows: Germans, 474; English, 26; Swiss, 7; Welsh, 6; Irish, 2, and Scotch, 1. It will be seen that the fact of Waverly's not having a single colored resident is a rare mark of distinction for a town of its size. And what makes the fact more remarkable, there never has been a negro or mulatto resident of the place. In the fall of 1829, the year in which the town was laid out, a free negro settled here, with the intention of making it his home, but the prejudice against his race was so strong among the other people that he concluded not to remain. The attempt to make this his home has never been repeated by a descendant of Africa. The German element of Waverly is remarkably strong as compared with other Ohio towns. They came in rapidly in the years between 1840 and 1860, and now most of the small mechanical industries, shops and sa loons are in the hands of these Germans and their descendants. Three of the six churches and Sunday-schools use the German language, but in the schools . all the children meet together, where the English language prevails. The race prejudice which so strongly char- HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 737 acterized Waverly in its early history created some bad feeling which has since died out. Thus, happily, all tendency to race war in Waverly is a thing of the past. The different races now represented have become blended into a peaceful and harmonious community, the foreign element having acquiesced in a measure to the prevailing strength of American life, and to that extent have become Americanized. Although the traditions of hostility toward his race keeps alive the fears of the black man, yet with the new order of things the people here, as elsewhere, have changed in their prejudices and it is altogether probable that now a negro could take up his residence here in perfect freedom. Geographically, Waverly is laid out in squares, something over 300 feet each way, intersected by an alley twelve feet in width, and each original lot is 150 x 63 feet. The direction of the streets is north by forty-five degrees east, in conformity to the direction of the canal, and the cross streets crossing it at right angles. The character of the streets is of the very best. With the vast deposits of gravel in the near vicinity, and a local pride, good and level streets have marked the town for many years as one of superior driving advantages. The streets are well shaded in many parts and kept in good order. The town is supported by its manufacturing establishments, by the trade in the farm products of the surrounding country, the superior character of which has been such as to make many of the farmers of the county immensely wealthy, and the traffic of the two railroads and the canal, the revenue of the latter here amounting to between $5,000 and $6,000 a year. The village records prim. to 1866 have been lost in a fire. Since that date the Mayors and Recorders have been as follows: Mayors.—D. Armstrong, 1866; W. D. Jones, 1867; G. D. Cole, 1868; E. Haden, 1869; L. D. Bunch, 1870-'73; John F. Moore, 1873; - 47 - John F. Masters, 1874-'76; Louis Weiss, 1876-'78; D. H. Bishop since 1878. Recorders.—R. A. Nesmith, 1866-'72; G. C. Bayer, 1872; W. L. Allison, 1872; John B. Leuk, 1873; Philip Gabehnan, 1874-'80; John H. Ware since 1880. ADDITIONS. The first plat of Waverly, or Uniontown as it was then called, contained twenty-five lots, all laid out south of the canal and .bordering on Water street on the south side. Not long after the original proprietors laid out the town farther back from the canal and a few lots on the north side, but the exact date of these extensions is not a matter of record. The more recent additions to the town of Waverly are the following: Howard's Addition, which consists of twelve lots lying north of Walnut street and near its western end, was laid out and became attached to the town. in 1850. Emmitt & Co.'s Addition, was made by James Emmitt and others in 1848. It lies on the south bank of the turnpike below Third street, and comprises several blocks. James Emmitt and Others' Addition, was made in 1862, and consists of the lots in the vicinity of James Emmitt's present residence on Walnut street. Emmitt's Second Addition was also made in 1862. It consists of seven lots on both sides of Lock street, immediately south of Third street. Cough's Addition, located on both sides of Walnut street, in the northern part of the town, was made in 1867. Hibbens' Addition consists of twelve lots between East and Mullen streets, and located on both sides of Second street. It was platted in 1879. Emmitt's First Addition to East Waverly consists of a large tract lying between the town and the depot of the Scioto Valley Railroad. Lock street passes through near the 738 - HISTORY OF LOWER SUIOTO VALLEY. center. It was made in 1883 by James Emmitt. POSTOFFICE. As already stated, the postoffice was established at Waverly after the second application, the first being for the name of Uniontown, in 1831. James Emmitt was appointed first Postmaster, keeping it in his store. At that time the mail was carried on horseback from Chillicothe to Portsmouth once a week. The mail carrier was James Rowe, afterward Major-General Rowe. To give an idea of the amount of business done at first, when the Postmaster made his settlement with the department at the end of the first quarter, he was owing the Government, after deducting his commission, just 75 cents. Mr. Em-mitt was succeeded by a Mr. Tomlinson, who kept the office but a short time, or until his death in September, 1845. He was succeeded by D. Stratton, who took the office Oct. 1, 1845, and held it for about one year, when Jacob Row was appointed to succeed him. He remained Postmaster until his death in 1872, keeping the office in the brick drug store oposite the Emmitt House. He was succeeded by S. F. Wetmore, the editor of the Pike County Republican, who received his commission in April, 1873. Robert Robinson filled up the few months of interim as acting Postmaster. Wetmore remained in the position until John Daily, the present Postmaster, came in possession, October, 1875. Since that date it has been kept by Mr. Daily in his store on Second street, opposite the court-house. At the time Mr. Daily took the position the gross receipts of the office for one year were about $1,200. The yearly receipts now exceed $2,200. It was made a money-order office July 1, 1877. The first letter sent from the office was mailed by Henry Jamison, an engineer on the canal, and the first letter brought to the office came for him, a reply to his from Circleville. The first postal card received through the office was by Joseph Straley, on Saturday, May 17, 1873. SANITARY. The sanitary condition of Waverly was for a period of about twenty years, between 1840 and 1860, extremely bad. It was known to be intensely malarial, the malaria being generated from the ponds of stagnant water in the vicinity and from the filth of the hog pens in connection with the distillery. Five thousand hogs, which were being constantly kept to consume the slops from the distillery, were fed in inclosed pens, located between the canal and North streets, below Market, and from the filth therein is believed to have come the poison which told so fatally in the black-tongue sickness of 1845, and the cholera epidemic in 1852. So rank was this putrid filth that the atmosphere for considerable distance around was constantly charged with its stench, and as it flowed from the pens into Crooked Creek, thence into the Scioto River, the water of that stream was colored, and the fish all killed for miles down the stream. This nuisance was, however, abated prior to 1860 by removing the hog-pens to a more distant point, and since 1861, when this became the county seat, great pains have been taken to keep the town in a clean and healthy condi. tion. The ponds have all been successfnlly drained, the streets and alleys carefully kept clean, making the sanitary condition as good, probably, as will be found in any town in the State. Although the canal passes through the town, it has a lock within the corporate limits, and its current is nearly as strong as that of a living stream. In about 1845 erysipelas of the throat, or black tongue, as it was commonly called, became prevalent here and resulted in a large number of deaths. HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 739 This, however, was only a slight foreboding of what was to follow a few years later. In 1852-'3, when the cholera became general throughout the Ohio Valley, Waverly was the scene of A MOST FATAL EPIDEMIC. The dreadful disease must unavoidably be introduced, as the canal was then doing a large business, thus connecting it with the outer world. Once introduced, the malaria from ponds and the poison from these terrible pens gave it such headway that it numbered its victims almost as a scythe does its stocks of grain. No stranger came near from very fear of the fatal spot, but it was generally talked and believed in neighboring towns that Waverly was being swept of her inhabitants. There were about 600 inhabitants in the town then and it is said that fully one-half of that number perished. Small-pox has visited Waverly several times but has never numbered more than two or three deaths at a time. WAVERLY PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The first school-house in the vicinity was built prior to the year 1820, and stood near the canal, south of G. W. A. Clough's residence, one mile east of Waverly. Hon. James Emmitt was one of the pupils of that school, and there received most of his education under a Mr. Perkins. The second schoolhouse was built in 1822, on the farm of Major Kilgore, one-half mile southeast of Waverly. The third was built about the year 1824, on the Chillicothe pike, One-fourth %mile north of Waverly. Judge James Hibbens. taught in this school-house in the year 1828, and was paid partly by public funds and partly by subscription. This house was afterward moved into town and now forms part of the residence of C. F. Smith. These three school-houses were log buildings of the ancient pattern, having the historic fire-place filling one end of the house, the greased paper window and the split-log floor, benches and desks. About the year 1833 a frame school building (now used as a dwelling) was erected on East Second street. It was two story, had board floors and ceiling and 'glass windows. Among the teachers who presided in this house, the names of Samuel Reynolds, F. S. Dexter, Hon. J. J. Green, Warren Dewey and Dr. William Howard are still remem - bered. In the year 1844 a brick school-house was erected on Second street, where the jail now stands. It was two stories high, with four rooms, two rooms on each floor. It cost only $1, 800, and was but poorly finished. It was not made ready for occupation until the autumn of 1846. Of those who labored here previous to the reorganization of the schools in 1854 little is known beyond their names. The Principals were: Messrs. McFarland, I. B. Allen, Thomas York, Delplain, Joseph Spence, Hon. J. J. Green, Joseph Williams, J. C. Freeman and Samuel Bartley. The assistants were: Mrs. Brown, Mrs. Lanius, Mrs. Freeman, Miss Lanius and Miss Row. An assistant was first employed with Mr. York in about 1851. The only statistics now to be found of all these years are those of 1853, which show an enrollment of 114 pupils, with an average attendance of forty-five. ADOPTION OF GRADED SYSTEM. In the year 1854 the schools were reorganized under an act entitled, "An act to provide for the reorganization, supervision and maintenance of common schools," sections 32-'3, passed March 14, 1853. It is not now known who were most active in bringing about this reorganization, nor what were the difficulties encountered, if any, but it may be inferred that there was no very active opposition, from the fact that no remembrance of it remained. 740 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY. The brick school-house built in 1844 still continued to be used, but a third teacher was added in this year (1854) and three of the rooms were brought into use as school-rooms, the fourth serving as a luncheon room for those who brought their dinners with them. This continued until 1863, when a fourth teacher was added, and all the rooms were occupied. In this first year of the graded, system the instructors were: Samuel Bartley, Principal; C. G. Evans, first assistant; Mary E. Lanius, second assistant. The enrollment was 198; average attendance, 101. The population of the village then was about 700. The village grew rapidly for a few years, and the schools became so crowded that the need of a new school-house was plainly apparent. In 1865 a special election was held to decide whether or not the school board should be empowered to purchase a suitable site and erect a school building thereon. It was decided almost unanimously in the affirmative. But when the location came to be discussed, it developed an almost equal and very bitter contest, which has hardly yet been forgotten, and which has been greatly injurious to the success of the schools. The canal running through Waverly divides it into two almost equal portions, and each of these was clamorous for the location of the school-house on its own side. The matter was to be decided by the /choice of a director, for which each side presented a candidate and labored for his election. The north or upper side of the canal prevailed by a small majority. A lot of about four acres was procured in the northeastern part of the town, the most elevated ground in the corporation, and commanding a fine view of all the adjacent country, Three and three-fourths acres of this was purchased from G. W. A. Clough, for $1,130.63, the remainder donated by the owner, Hon. James Emmitt. A fine brick building was erected on this lot at a cost of about $23,000. It is 83 1/2 feet in length, by 47 ½ feet in width and three stories high. The basement story is divided into three rooms for the first, second and third primary departments. The first floor contains four rooms for schools; the second, two rooms for schools and a hall for public meetings, The furniture, supplied principally from the home factories, is plain, but substantial; the supply of apparatus is yet small. For health and beauty of location this school is situated admirably, eliciting the favorable comments of almost every stranger. SUPERVISION. Under this head Samuel Bartley deserves special notice. He was brought up in the hills near Jasper, in this county, with no ed. ucational advantages except those afforded by the common schools, which were very meager. He was persevering and determined in his of to add to his .fund of knowledge, and would economize almost every possible moment to that end. It is :said that while following the plow in his daily labor he would stop and work out problems in the sand. At the solicitation of friends he took the winter school in his own district, and was thus initiated into the profession of a teacher. His success there gave him a reputation abroad. As he continued to teach he continued his studies until his acquirements fitted him for high. er and more responsible positions. In the year 1854 he took charge of the Waverly schools, consisting then of only two depart ments. He had charge of the Waverly schools again In 1856, and taught in other localities until the year 1859, when he was again called to take charge of the Waverly schools, where he continued as principal teacher until the year 1871. In these years his reports show that he taught algebra, philosophy, physiology, geom. etry, botany, and other of the higher branches. The school had also increased during his eleven years of supervision, from 187 to 401, in 1870. He vas a rigid disciplinarian, in person, gentlemanly in deportment, strictly HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 741 temperate in habits, and his connection with the schools of Waverly has doubtless resulted in more good to them than that of any other one person. His first assistant teacher during the most of this time was D. H. Bishop. D. T. Clover, who had charge of the schools in 1870-'71, with the addition of a sixth teacher to the corps, succeeded in reclassifying the schools to great advantage. He was here only one year, and a bit er school fight during that time greatly interfered with his work, but he made many friends, and left behind him the record of an efficient superintendent and teacher. W. O. Hopkins succeeded him, and had charge of the schools in 1871-'72. He was in feeble health at the time, and scarcely able for the work. He has since died of consumption. J. C. Harper, formerly of the Bucyrus schools, was elected to the Superintendency in 1872. He only remained four months, when he resigned to accept the Superintendency of the Newark schools. T. C. McCoy, of. Lancaster, Ohio, was elected to fill the remainder of the year, and continued in the position by re-election until 1878. In . 1874 another department was added, making seven in all. The departments at this time were Senior Grammar, Junior Grammar, First, Second, Third and Fourth Primary, and the German Department. Ger-man had been a special department since 1867, and was taught by F. W.. Bendix, Wm. Hagemann and Charles Ritchie successively up to 1871, when Philip Gabelman was employed, and who has filled the position continuously to the present time. Mr. D. H. Bishop also continued to be first assistant teacher up to this year (1874), with the exception of the years 1867 and 1869, when Henry Morgan and Hiram Washburn held the position respectively. In 1874 Lizzie Armstrong was first assistant or teacher of the Senior Grammar Department, and after that year, up to the end of Mr.. McCoy's Superintendency, Mr. John W. Higgins held the position. Messrs. McCoy and Higgins both left the schools in 1879, and have since entered the practice of law, both being located at Waverly. In 1876, after much time spent in examining the records and obtaining what knowledge could be gained from other sources regarding the schools, Mr. McCoy prepared and published, in pamphlet form, a brief but valuable and correct history of the Waverly public schools, from which the greater part of this sketch is taken. Geo. E. Campbell was elected to the Superintendency in 1879, and at the same time James A. Douglas was elected teacher of the High School, that department having been created in the re-classification of the schools at this time. The number of departments were increased to ten, as follows: High School, A, B, C and D Grammar, A, B, C and D Primary, and the German Department. At the present time the following higher branches are taught in the High School, viz.: Mathematics, algebra, geometry and trigonometry; Sciences.—Physiology, chemistry, psychology, natural philosophy, botany, astronomy and civil government; Lankuages—English, Latin and German, in the German Department. The corps of teachers at the present time is as follows: Superintendent, Geo. E. Campbell; High School, James A. Douglas; A Grammar, Fred Leete; B Grammar; Jas. W. Graham; C Grammar, Emma Grader; D Grammar, Mollie Smith; A Primary, Kate Corcoran ; B Primary, Madge Frye; C Primary, Florence Ware; D Primary, Hettie Wetmore; German, Philip Gabelman. The Board of Directors was, ill 1883, increased from, three to six. The board at present consists of Geo. D.' Emmitt, President; E. O. Jones, Secretary; Peter B. Hays, Chas. F. Schauseil, James Moore and John Daily. The first to graduate was Miss Romain Safford, in 1880. 742 -HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY. CHURCHES. Waverly has six churches representing as many different denominations. They are not gorgeous and costly edifices as may be found in other places, but are all good and substantial structures, which, taken on a whole, in the worldly view of churches, places Waverly in fair rank. As to the societies, the devotion of the members cannot be questioned, although with so many church societies, representing as many beliefs, the strength of each must be small. Religious work was introduced into this locality with its earliest settlement as was common to the early settlements in Ohio. Such men as the Revs. Peter Cartwright and John Stewart, who spent their lives in traveling, through the barely broken forests and preaching wherever a congregation could be gotten together by co:ning for miles, were here in those days to plant the seeds of Christianity. Meetings were held in private houses, frequently in that of Abraham Chenoweth, who lived near Piketon. Notice would be given months or perhaps a year in advance and the event was looked to with the greatest interest. The preacher brought the news of the other settlements and of the world, and cheer and variety into the monotonous life of the early settlers, and last but not least, the power to solemnize with marriage the plighted vows of young lovers. He was thus made welcome to all, and if the season of the year was not a very busy one encampments would be made and a season of revival and social meetings would last several days. Methodist Episcopal Church. —This church was the first to plant its roots in the vicinity of Waverly. The first meetings of which anything is known were those held in the louse of Mesheck Downing, which stood near the corner of Market and Second streets, but this was in 1815, fourteen years before the town was laid Out. The most frequent min ister was James Quinn, who was one among those hardy pioneer preachers that traveled over a large portion of the State. He came here about once in every four weeks. Francis Wilson, Jacob Delay, Leroy Swarmstead and John Ferree were others who came and preached later. A Rev. Mr. Talbert, who hanged himself at Piketon in the fall of 1829, was also one of the first preachers. The house of Richard Foster, four miles above, and Piketon were other points where these first preachers stopped and held meetings. At this place the Downings, Chenoweths, How• ards and Bransons were among the first members. Private houses and a school-house were used up to the year 1838, when a small brick church was built on the site of the present Methodist Episcopal church. The present building was erected in 1867 and dedicated by Solomon Howard, D. D., LL. D, of the Ohio University at Athens. In recent years the church has been pros• perous and numbers now in its membership about 200. The church building on the corner of Second and High streets is valued with the lot at $7,000 and is the finest in the town. The corps of church officers is at present as follows: Pastor, A. B. Shaw; Stewards, John Kent, George Barch, John Daily, H. B. McKenzie, T. N. Barnes and George D. Emmitt; Recording Steward, John Kent; District Stew. ard, H. B. McKenzie; Trustees, H. B. McKenzie, John Kent, Abisha Downing, John Daily, T. N. Barnes, E. L. Barch, M. W. Stratton, John W. Higgins and John R. Frye. The entire church property, including parsonage, is valued at $8,500. No indebtedness.. Presbyterian Church,.—The first society of this denomination was organized as a branch of the older society at Piketon in about 1841. For a while the society here was dependent, in many respects, upon that at Piketon, but in 1847 a new organization was effected by which this was made an independent society, The first Trustees of the old organization HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 743 were: John Howard, John Carolus and Robert Emmitt; the first pastor, Rev. Wm. Burton. The building, which was erected in the year 1842, stood on the site of the present church on North street, and served the congregation until 1883, when it was torn away and another one commenced, which is to cost when finished about $2,700. At the time the second organization was formed Rev. F. S. Howe was pastor and John Walker and Luther Whitney, Elders.. The founding members were: John Carolus and wife, Francis Dexter and Margaret Crow. For a great many years in its early history Rev. Wm. P. Eastman was the pastor and labored faithfully for the up--building of the church. Prior to 1875 the pulpit had been vacant for several years, but in that year Rev. John 0. Proctor was employed and the church had a regular pastor since that time up td 1880 when the building became unsafe. Rev. Mr. Gillett and Rev. R. N. Adams have been pastors here in that time. In 1868 this society, being small, united with that. at Piketon in the support of a minister and continued in that relation until 1881 when they again became separated. The Trustees at present are: Adam Gehres, Eli Potts, B. C. Copple; Elders, T. C. McCoy, rest vacant. German Evangelical Lutheran Church.—his society was first organized in 1858 by Rev: Charles Scharto, with about fifty families living at Waverly and in the vicinity. Meetings were held in the old Presbyterian church on North street until 1860 in which year their new brick church on Market street, between Second and Third, was completed. This building is a substantial brick edifice, 26 x 52 feet in dimensions and of good height. Rev. Charles Scharto remained until 1851, when Rev. Mr. Kretz took his place and remained till the spring of 1853. In that year the Rev. Wm. Hagemann took charge of the congregation and has remained their pastor to the present time. At the time the church was built, in 1860, George Hoffman, Frederick Best and Ernest Schoersky were the Trustees who superintended its construction. The present Trustees are: Philip Schooler, Frederick Best and Adolph Hesse. The church now includes about eighty families. The Sunday-school was started soon after the church was organized and has been very prosperous. The average attendance is now about seventy-eight; superintendents, Jacob Smith and Philip Lorbach, Jr. The church was remodeled and enlarged in 1869 making the entire cost as it now stands about $2,500. German Methodist Episcopal Church.---This society was organized in 1850 by > the Revs. Bier and Dolph. Revs. Bomiberg and Chimelpenne were preachers who had. visited the people here and preached before .the organization. Rev. G. H. Ballinger was pastor in 1855, but he was soon after sent to California as a missionary, leaving his year's work here unfinished. The first meetings were held in the English Methodist Episcopal church and afterward in the residence of John Barch. The first regular meeting-house was a brick building near the north, end of Third street which now forms a part of the residence of George A. Emmitt. It was sold by the congregation in 1860 and their present brick church on Market street commenced in the same year. Since 1882 there has been no regular pastor. At first the church at this place .was connected with the one at Portsmouth, and later with that at Chillicothe. Under the ministry of Rev. C. D. Fritsche, in 1856, the church split, and a branch formed the German United Brethren church, which has since built its own church and parsonage. The church has now about sixty members and church property worth about $3,000, including a fine brick building and a large lot. It has a prosperous Sunday-school of about fifty scholars. 744 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY. The German United Brethren Church has been already mentioned in connection with the above. It has. a small brick church and parsonage, near the corner of Market and Third streets. The society is very small, being united with six others in the support of one pastor. Their spiritual welfare is at present being attended by Rev. Valentine Assel. Catholic Church.--The first organization of a Catholic society in Waverly took place in 1863—'4, and in the following year they began the construction of their fine large brick church, on Walnut street, now converted into an opera house. The building, which was the finest church edifice in Waverly, is 80 x 40 feet in size, very high, and is mounted with an imposing tower and spire. It was never completely paid for and fell into the hands of James Emmitt, who in 1875 had it converted into an opera, house, called Emmitt's Opera House. The society rallied from this failure and began another church on East Market street, in 1878, completing it in the following year. It is a fine brick structure, but not so costly as the former, and is fully paid for by the congregation. The building of both churches was superintended by Joseph Myers, one of the congregation. The first pastor was Rev. Mr. Felthouse, followed by Rev. Jerry Murry and he was succeeded in 1883 by Rev. Father Winthurst. It is connected with the churchat Chillicothe where the pastor resides. CEMETERIES. The first burying ground at Waverly was located near the corner of Market and Third streets. At the time of its location this was doubtless thought to be so far from the town that it could lie there for ever, and continue to be in the outskirts. But long since the corporation has gone beyond this spot, which is now being used, or is about to be used, for building purposes. In pursuance with an act of the Ohio Legislature, passed in 1860, allowing townships and incorporated villages to establish cemeteries in common, the town council of Waverly and the trustees of Pee Pee Township entered into such an agreement Dec. 16, 1864. The spot chosen for this new union cemetery was on the east side of the pike, just south of the corporate limit, which has, however, been since extended beyond it. The site was a most eligible one and the result is a beautiful cemetery. In 1882 the bodies buried in the old yard, at the corner of Market and Third streets, were removed to this, while the title to the old ground being vested in the village, it is being reserved for city buildings. CHAPTER XXXVIII. BUSINESS INTERESTS OF WAVERLY-PEE PEE TOWNSHIP. MANUFACTURES. The Distillery and Flouring mill of James Emmitt, by the magnitude of their products as well as the early date of their erection, places them in the front rank of productive industries in and about Waverly. They were not built at the same time and are run by separate powers, but they have always been owned by the same person or persons, and, by their proximity of location, together with the advantages of running the two together, which has almost always been done, makes their histories nearly identical. The mill was first built in 1836 by John Row & Co., which meant John Row, John F. Armstrong and Francis Campbell, of Chillicothe. It is situated at the lock on the canal bank, the builders having leased the waterpower of the State for thirty years. In 1838, after the mill had been in operation some time with four run of stones, James Emmitt bought Armstrong's one-third interest. In the following year the capacity was enlarged by the addition of two more run of stones, and the mill began the production of flour for the market. But during this year a great fall in the price caused the firm to lose $21,000. In that day of slow and doubtful communication, they had been deceived by a false report that the potato crop in Ireland had failed, and thinking to sieze the opportunity of the expected draft on this country for provision, all the grain that could be secured was purchased; but the falsity of the report and a subsequent fall in the price of grain caused the above sacrifice. One of the partners, Mr. Row, became disheartened and sold his interest in the concern to the surviving partners, Campbell and Emmitt. In 1843 Mr. Emmitt bought Campbell's one-half interest and thus became by successive steps the sole owner of an already large and growing establishment. In 1845 Christian Schultz, of Maysville, Ky., came to Waverly, bringing a large amount of capital, became associated with Mr. Emmitt, having bought half of the mill, and in the same year the two together built the first distillery. During all this time the persons owning the mill had owned a retail store, and now Messrs. Emmitt and Schultz were equal partners in the mill, distillery and store. They remained together four years, when the firm becoming heavily involved, Schultz sold his half-interest to James Davis, a wealthy resident of this county. Undaunted by former reverses, these two had faith in final success and persevered with determination, notwithstanding the business had, before the advent of Mr. Davis, be come barren of capital and in debt $80,000. Mr. Davis being very wealthy, furnished all the capital needed, and Mr. Emmitt took upon himself the sole management. In 1850 the distillery was rebuilt and enlarged so that instead of consuming 800 bushels a day as formerly, it was given a capacity of 1,200 bushels. With this enlargement the business assumed enormous proportions. It 746 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY. was a market for 1,200 bushels of grain daily, produced 100 barrels of whisky a day, the barrels for which were mostly made in the large cooper shop in connection, and on the slops thousands of hogs were being fatted constantly. The business was managed so successfully that within a short time it recovered from its embarrassment and was making money rapidly. In 1854 Mr. Davis died and willed all his property to his wife. She continued half-owner until 1856, when she preferred to withdraw from the business and Mr. Emmitt paid her $100,000 for her one-half interest, besides returning all the capital Mr. Davis had placed in the business above his purchase money, which was $20,000. With these estimations it will be seen that the business had doubled its value two and one-half times in seven years following 1849. For a few years following 1858, two of Mr. Ernmitt's brothers, George D. and David, were associated with him, but in 1865 he again became owner, paying them $20,000 each for their interests. Since that time he has been the sole owner and the success has varied. In all these transactions the mill was considered part of the property. It was doing an extensive business, turning out nearly 100 barrels of flour daily, but it was of small value compared with the distillery. It has been rebuilt and enlarged, has received additional and improved machinery several times, and is at the present time doing an extensive milling business. A cooper shop for the manufacture of flour barrels has been run in connection with the mill since 1837, although the number of barrels produced has always fallen short of the demand. The capacity of the distillery has been reduced by the Ohio Syndicate of Distillers to 360 bushels of grain a day. With this limited consumption the product is twenty-five barrels a day. When the internal revenue tax on whisky was raised from 20 cents to $2.00 on the gal lon, from 1858 to 1863, Mr. Emmitt had on hand 8,000 barrels produced from this distil. lery and another which he owned at Chili cothe, and from the consequent rise in price, realized him a clear profit of $600,000. Bo Mr. Emmitt was not alone in this experience Many distillers and jobbers in the country who happened to have a large stock on hand were favored to a similar fortune by the action of the Government. Four thousand barrels of this whisky laid here in July, 1863, when General Morgan passed through this point on his last raid. Here again the good fortune of the owner saved him from a great loss. The distillery had been torn down preparatory to rebuilding, and this fact as it escaped discovery by the rebels doubtless saved it from the torch. The Stone Saw-Mill, also near the mill, has been in the possession of Mr. Emmitt for the last two years. It was first built by Richard Waters, whose first design was to erect a card• ing machine, and leased the water-power for that purpose, but before it was finished he sold out to two brothers, William and John Butt, who converted it into a stone saw-mill and ran it for several years. Maurice Ritchie afterward came into possession of it and ranit for over twenty years. The stone which is here cut up into building blocks of every shape is the Waverly stone, quarried in ti near vicinity. Steam Tannery.—The large tanning e8. tablishment situated on Canal street near the distillery is the property of John William Sohn, of Hamilton, Ohio. The first tan nery at that place, which was the first i Waverly, was started by Judge Samuel Reed and Dr. 0. J. Phelps, both of Piketon, 1840. It was run by them on a small seal for several years when they disposed of it to Mr. Armstrong, of Chillicothe, who kept it until 1858 when he sold to Sohn, the presen owner. After it had been bought by So he spent about $100,000 in new buildings HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 747 and in enlarging and improving the facilities. It has been improved at different times and is an important industry in the town. Schooler's Tannery, situated by the canal near East street, was started by Philip Sehooler in the year 1848. It has been run by him constantly since that time but has always been run on a small scale. About the time of the war his business was the best but now the products amount to but little, if any, over $1,000 a year. It is a bark tannery, using from fifteen to twenty vats. Waverly Woolen Mills.—This enterprise was started in 1862, by Hibbens, Bunshire & Co., who built and set in operation the present mill situated on North street. The size of the building is 40 x 80 feet, three stories high, and substantially built of brick. The original object was to do but little beyond custom work, which was then much more in demand than now. In 1871 the builders sold to George D. Emmitt & Co., the firm consisting of C. Safford and G. W. A. Clough besides Mr. Emmitt. They operated together about two years when George D. Emmitt bought out his partners, paying at the rate of $15,000 and still remains the sole owner. The mills turn out flannels, stocking yarns, jeans, satinets and blankets and do some custom work. They consume about 12,000 pounds of wool a year, giving constant employment to ten hands. Besides the wool consumed here the owner buys and ships annually from 15,000 to 20,000 pounds of wool to Eastern markets. This wool is all raised in Pike County, which is rapidly growing into a leading wool-producing county. Waverly Planing and Saw Mill.—This establishment was first built by James Emmitt, in 1863. It was located on the canal bank, below the distillery, but moved up to its present location on North street in 1864. In 1865 it burned down, being then under the management of Toops, Nesmith & Co., by whom it had been leased. It was immedi ately re-built by the above-named company, and machinery added for the manufacture of furniture. Before the fire it had been only a saw-mill. It now turns out nearly all kinds of furniture, and dressed lumber for building. Gehres Bros.' Planing-Mill and Lumber Yard. —This industry was started in June, 1870, by A. Gehres & Son, who built their factory on Water street, between High and East. It was a wooden building, but fully equipped with Fay's machinery for the manufacture of sash, doors, blinds and furniture. In 1883 the ownership passed into the hands of the present firm, Wm. S. and Joseph A., sons of A. Gehres. March 4, 1883, the entire establishment, including a large stock of lumber and finished work, was consumed by fire. Not a dollar's worth of property was saved, and as there was no insurance the loss to the owners was complete, amounting to about $10,000. The owners at once set to work to re-build, and in just 100 days after the fire started their new set of machinery. The new building is an inexpensive frame, located on the same ground the old one was. The new equipment does not include machinery for the manufacture of furniture, but turns out builders' mill work, including sash, doors, flooring, siding, molding, brackets, etc. The capacity of the mill, with its two planers, is 10,000 feet a day. In their large lumber yard at the head of Water street, pine and poplar lumber are principally handled. The business amounts to about $14,000 a year. Pee Pee Mills.—This extensive milling establishment is situated in the extreme western portion of the village of Waverly, where it was built by Geo. D. Emmitt, in 1864. It is a fine four-story brick structure, has a large warehouse in connection, and with its other superior facilities is rarely surpassed as a flouring establishment. At the time the mill first went into operation it contained two run of stone, two sets of bolts, and the 748 - HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY. usual complement of other machinery for custom work. It was all of old style, and run by water-power alone. Iri 1870 it was sold' to Wm. D. Lee, who is still the senior partner in the firm Lee & Ware, the present owners and operators. On Mr. Lee's accession he began at once to make important improvements and additions. He built the warehouse adjoining, added new and costly machinery which increased the capacity and extended the reputation of the mill. His most notable improvement was the substitution of machinery for a new process combining that of the burr and steel-rollers, which were just coming into use. This .idea of combining the old process with the new by running the wheat first through the burrs, then through the rollers, is entirely original with Mr. Lee, and for which lie is entitled to great credit, as the experiment has proved highly successful. In 1880, before the above change was made, Mr. John H. Ware became connected with the concern as part owner, and took charge of the books and general management. It is situated on the banks of the Ohio Canal, whose water was utilized for the motive power. A steam-power has since been added, so that at the present time either or both may be used. The mill runs night and day, and when running at its full capacity turns out about seventy barrels per day. BANKS. The first banking establishment in the county of Pike was started by George Corwine, John Gregg and others, under the name of Corwine, Gregg & Co., at Piketon, in the year 1859. This firm continued to do a private banking business in Piketon up to 1862, when the firm was changed to Emmitt, Corwine & Co. by the purchase of John Gregg's interest by James Emmitt, and at the same time the establishment was moved to Waverly. This was the bank to which the present Emmitt & Co. Bank is successor. The firm remained Emmitt, Corwine & Co. until 1871, when the partnership was dissolved and Corwine and James Jones, the third partner, retired leaving Emmitt the sole proprietor. He then took in David Armstrong as partner and Cashier, the firm name becoming D. Armstrong & Co., although Mr. Emmitt was the principal owner. In 1874 Armstrong retired and H. E. Ware took his place as Casheir and partner in the profits, at the same time the firm name changed to James Emmitt Co. This arrangement continued until the death of Mr. Ware in the fall of 1882 since which time Mr. Emmitt has been alone and the business done under the name of Emmitt & Co. The Cashier at present is John Masters. The bank is kept on Market street, near the corner of Water. Hays, Jones & Co.'s Bank was started in 1871, after the dissolution of partnership in the ,old bank by Geo. D. Emmitt, James Jones and Geo. D. Cole, the firm name being Emmitt, Jones & Co. It continued in this way until 1875 when Peter B. Hays bought out the interest of Geo. D. Emmitt, when the firm name was changed to Hays, Jones & Co. as it remains at the present time. The bank is kept in the brick building, next door to the Emmitt & Co. bank, near the corner of Mar• ket and Water streets. Peter B. Hays is Cashier. TELEGRAPH OFFICE. The first telegraph line put in operation through Waverly was the single wire along the Columbus and Portsmouth turnpike, pat up in 1855. The office at this place was taken charge of by Captain Ed. Kinney, who Was the first sound reader about the town. He was operator until 1861 when he entered the army and E. 0. Jones took his place. The office has always been kept in Jas. Emmitt's private office, formerly on the south side of Market street, just west of the canal, but non HISTORY OF LOWER SCIOTO VALLEY - 749 in the rear of the large store rooms across the street. EXPRESS OFFICE. The Adams Express office Was first opened here Jan. 1, 1878, as soon as the Scioto Valley R. R. began running express trains. The office was kept at the depot by C. K. Sands. He was succeeded in a few months by C. M. Zink, the until 1880ill remaining at the depot unti11880. In 1880 W. H. Moody became. the agent and moved the office to a small room opposite Emmitt's livery-stable on Market street. Moody remained the agent till January, 1882, when James F. Genett, the present agent, took charge. The office has changed locations several times but is now being kept in a large room in Lowell's building on North street. From Feb. 1, 1882, to Feb. 1, 1883, the amount collected on goods sent out from this office was $1,058.21; amount collected on goods sent in, $1,682.71; collected on goods sent in, about $180.00, making a total of bill collected at this office, $2,910.92. The office does business on both the Scioto Valley and Ohio Southern roads. LODGES. Orient Lodge, NO. 321, A. F & A. M., was established at Piketon, then the county seat, in February, 1860. The first organization was under a dispensation, but a charter was secured in the following October, on which the following names appear, viz.: Arthur C. Davis, Alonzo J. Phelps, George D. Cole, J. J. Green, George Corwine, Charles E. Hempstead, Mark Ellis and John Kerns. The first meetings were held in the court room. A. C. Davis was the first to hold the office of Worshipful. Master. The lodge was moved from Piketon to Waverly in January, 1863, the first meeting held here being on the evening of Jan. 1, 1863: The lodge has rented and furnished a large hall in the third story of the Jones & Downing building, on the corner of Market and Second streets. The membership numbers about fifty, in good standing, officered at the present time as follows: T. N. Barnes, W. M. ; W. S. Jones, S. W. ; James H. Moore, J. W.; William Wallace, Secretary ; A. Downing, Treasurer; T. J. J ones, S. D.; J. M. Downing, J. D., and Joshua Smi., Tyler. Lansing Lodge, No. 369, I/. O. O. F.—This lodge was instituted in Waverly, Aug. 6, 1862, with the following charter members, viz.: Eli Potts, who was elected the first Noble Grand; Malin B. Moore, William D. Jones, J. J. Kellison, Charles F. Smith, 1). H. Bishop, T. L. Kemp, Samuel Hibbens and John Kent. The lodge held its meetings at first in the Kellisonbuilding, afterward in the Kellison building, then in the hall over the store of Charles. Schauseil, and in 1879 the lodge built and moved into their present hall over the Kent building, on Market street. There are about forty-three active members in the lodge at the present time, officered as follows: William Gergens, N. G.; William F. Ambrose, V. G. ; William R. Jones, R. S. ; D. H. Bishop, P. S., and Fred Best, Treasurer. BANDS. Waverly has had a brass band almost con stantly since the late war. The last one before either of the present bands was organized died out in 1878, but a new one was formed the following year. The Waverly Cornet Band was organized in August, 1879, under the leadership of A. J. Heibel, who is still the leader. It was organized with .fourteen. pieces, but the nurnber is now reduced to twelve brass and reed instruments. Waverly Kid Band, so called on account of the youth of the members composing it, was organized in the spring of 1881. It was