Warren G. Harding James M. Cox Eugene V. Debs. R. C. Macauley

1,182,022 780,037 57,147 2,153

The republican state ticket was elected by unprecedented majorities. The years of the third administration of Governor Cox were years of intense political activity in Ohio, but "getting back to normalcy" was a matter of more serious concern to the citizens of Ohio and the entire Nation. The farmer was first to feel the effect of "deflation," which in the case of those who had invested in farm lands at inflated war prices was staggering and financially disastrous. The ex-service men were having their troubles in adjusting themselves to pre-war pursuits and the disillusionment that followed the generous reception on their return from camps and battle fields. It is pleasing to record that projects of improvement, which had been delayed by the war, were again promptly resumed. Highway construction was pushed with vigor and the conservancy work of flood prevention in the Miami Valley, the largest engineering enterprise undertaken at public expense since the building f the canals, was moving forward to completion. The census for 1920 showed a substantial gain in the population of the state in the last decade. It rose from 4,767,121 in 1910 to 5,759,394 ANNALS OF OHIO ADMINISTRATIONS - 729 in 1920. While the urban population had increased rapidly, the rural population in a number of counties showed a decrease. Ohio retained her rank as fourth among the states in number of inhabitants. ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR HARRY L. DAVIS EIGHTY-FOURTH GENERAL ASSEMBLY Regular Session, January 3 to May 27, 1921 ; Extraordinary Sessions, July 3 and September 11 to 12, 1922 Lieutenant Governor Clarence J. Brown, who had been re-elected, continued to preside over the Senate. Rupert R. Beetham was chosen speaker of the House of Representatives. In this general assembly there were in the Senate 36 republicans and 1 democrat ; in the House of Representatives 113 republicans and 12 democrats. The election returns for the constitutional state officers were canvassed. The votes for those named, as recorded by the secretary of state, were as follows :

Governor :

Harry L. Davis, republican Vic Donahey, democrat Lieutenant Governor : Clarence J. Brown, republican Howell Wright, democrat Secretary of State Harvey C. Smith, republican W. D. Fulton, democrat Auditor : Joseph T. Tracy, republican D. F. Butler, democrat Treasurer : Rudolph W. Archer, republican C. B. Orwig, democrat Attorney General : John G. Price, republican Joseph McGhee, democrat United States Senator : Frank B. Willis, republican W. A. Julian, democrat Henry B. Strong Chief Justice of the Supreme Court : C. T. Marshall Hugh L. Nichols Judges of the Supreme Court (long term—two to elect): Dan B. Cull Frank R. Field G. D. Hersey Thomas A. Jones George W. Mannix, Jr Edward S. Matthias Judge of the Supreme Court (short term) Coleman Avery George Cook Benson W. Hough

1,039,835 918,962 1,117,550 772,377 1,134,657 749,566 1,126,321 754,581 1,109,191 770,387 1,058,561 824,172 1,134,953 782,650 2,647 810,635 607,926 407,005 219,967 140,692 812,606 375,507 820,853 400,696 237,556 786,494

Marshall, Jones, Matthias and Hough—all republicans—were elected. The landslide to Harding helped the entire republican ticket. Next to Harding, who received 1,182,022 votes, came Willis with 1,134,657. Judge Harvey C. Smith was a very close third. If pluralities are con- ANNALS OF OHIO ADMINISTRATIONS - 731 sidered, Smith and Tracy ranked high in the order named, while on the non-partisan judicial ticket Matthias and Jones with a smaller vote had each a larger plurality than Harding on the national ticket, due in part to the divided opposition. The high vote for Donahey was a strong recommendation for his renomination in 1922. In his inaugural message on January 10 Governor Davis favored home rule in taxation that should permit the people to determine by vote "whether, and if so, how much they wished to tax themselves in excess of the Smith law limitation" for public purposes ; state-wide enforcement of laws prohibiting the liquor traffic ; compensation to working men for loss f health by occupational diseases ; protection of the public from the sale of worthless securities; Americanization work, especially among the foreign population of the large cities. Soon after his inauguration Governor Davis appointed a citizens' taxation committee, and on March 15 he submitted the committee's report to the Legislature as a guide in devising a system of taxation that would meet the test of the public interest and requirements. After repeated efforts the House and Senate were unable to agree upon the different bills proposed. There also arose the unusual situation of the two houses being unable to agree upon a common date for adjournment. The governor exercised his constitutional prerogative and on May 29, 1921, prorogued the general assembly to meet December 30, 1922, for a final adjournment. In the meantime the governor issued two calls for special sessions, as will be noted later. An event of much interest to the people f Ohio was the inauguration of Warren G. Harding as president of the United States. He had chosen to his cabinet the well known political leader from Ohio, Harry M. Daugherty, for the important post of attorney-general. The outstanding feature of the Davis administration was the enactment of the reorganization law. It was introduced by Robert C. Dunn as House Bill No. 249, to establish an administrative code for the state, to abolish certain offices, to create new administrative departments, and redistribute among them existing administrative functions. The bill was passed as an emergency measure. The emergency feature was criticised because it prevented a popular referendum. The reply was made that only in that way could Governor Davis fulfill his platform pledges and reorganize the government during his elective term. Under this law the administrative functions f the state government were organized after the federal plan into departments, the heads of the departments constituting the governor's cabinet. These departments, with their heads, in the Governor Davis administration were : Agriculture, Louis J. Taber ; Highways, Leon C. Herrick ; Finance, W. Albert Davis ; Education, Vernon M. Riegel ; Health, Dr. Harry H. Snively ; Commerce, William H. Phipps ; Public Welfare, Howard S. MacAyeal ; Industrial Relations, Percy Tetlow. These appointments, without exception, were well received. Louis J. Taber had been long and prominently identified with the agricultural interests of the state. He had been master of the State Grange and active in extending its membership and influence, his marked ability suggesting him for the high position he has since attained as master of the National Grange. Percy Tetlow had similar identification with the labor interests of the state. He was a member of the Ohio Constitutional Convention of 1912 and active in the labor group f that body ; a veteran of the War with Spain and captain, with overseas service, in the World war. Dr. Harry H. Snively was a prominent physician in Columbus. He had for years been interested in the Ohio National Guard ; had served with the Red Cross in Russia, 1915-1916 ; with the army on the Mexican border ; with the Thirty-seventh Division overseas in the World war, receiving numerous decorations. William H. Phipps had been state oil inspector and under the Taft administration had served as auditor in the 732 - HISTORY OF OHIO Philippines. Vernon M. Riegel had previously proved his popularity and worth as superintendent of public instruction. The remaining members were fitted by previous experience and training for their respective positions. It was generally agreed that the first "Governor's Cabinet" was well chosen. Much suffering was reported among the unemployed coal miners of the state in the winter of 1921-1922. On January 12, 1922, Governor Davis issued a proclamation urging Ohio citizens to use Ohio coal and provide work for the miners. He declared that "a situation near stages of calamity" prevailed in the coal mining regions of Ohio ; that while "Ohio consumes an average annually of 65,000,000 tons. * * * The people of Ohio in 1921 bought only 31,000,000 tons of this home-produced coal." The remedy suggested was the purchase of Ohio coal for Ohio consumption. In accordance with a determination expressed early in the year, Governor Davis declined to be a candidate for re-election. This left an open field for candidates on the Republican ticket. On June 24, 1922, Governor Davis called an extraordinary session of the general assembly to consider : "First : Situation presented by anticipated insufficiency of bonus bond issue to allow payment of all ex-service men's claims. "Second : Recess appointments made by the governor since the proroguing of the general assembly and awaiting senate action." The governor set forth the occasion for calling the special session in part as follows : "The general assembly last year enacted a proposed constitutional amendment for submission to the voters, under which authority was given for the issuance of $25,000,000 of state bonds, to cover payment by the state of Ohio of a bonus to every Ohio ex-service man who served in the World war, on the basis of $10 a month for each month of such military service. This constitutional amendment was approved by the voters, and the bonds have since been issued by the commissioners f the sinking fund of Ohio, in whose charge, under the terms of the amendment, the issuance of the bonds and the distribution of the resulting funds to Ohio's World war veterans was placed. "There was recently brought to my notice possibility that the $25,000,000 bonus fund so provided might not be sufficient to allow payment by the sinking fund commissioners of every legitimate claim for such adjusted compensation." To meet this contingency the legislature was called in extraordinary session. The date of the meeting was first set for July 17, but subsequently advanced to July 3. When the general assembly met on that date the governor in a special message reported a cash balance in the treasury of about $10,000,000, which could be diverted to the bonus purpose, thus obviating the necessity of an additional bond issue. A bill was passed making appropriation for the further payment f adjusted compensation for service in the World war and the legislature adjourned, having been in session only one day. The campaign preceding the August primaries was a spirited one. The "open field for all" invited a large number of candidates for the republican gubernatorial nomination. They included Carmi A. Thompson, Charles L. Knight, Harvey C. Smith, Homer C. Durand, Rupert R. Beetham, D. W. Williams and Harry Smith. The contest for the democratic nomination for governor was between Vic Donahey and Judge James G. Johnson of the Supreme Court. Thompson and Donahey were chosen to lead their respective parties. Mr. Thompson had held important positions in the public service ; had been speaker of the House f Representatives, secretary of state, assistant secretary of the interior and treasurer f the United States under the Taft administration ; was a trusted friend of President Harding and rendered important service as member of the Advisory Commission to ANNALS OF OHIO ADMINISTRATIONS- 733 the American delegation at the Conference for the Limitation of Armaments. Mr. Donahey had proven his popularity and vote-getting power in previous campaigns. Simeon D. Fess, educator and prominent member of the Lower House of Congress, was nominated by the republicans for United States senator. Senator Atlee Pomerene was nominated for re-election by the democrats. The second special session of the 84th general assembly was called for the purpose of appointing a fuel administrator to regulate and fix the price of coal, and under certain contingencies to operate the mines and declare an emergency. The assembly was in session September 11-12, just long enough to enact the required legislation. In a proclamation Governor Davis discontinued the functions of the fuel administration from December 1, 1922, declaring it had served its purpose in preventing profiteering in coal. The situation was due to the prolonged strike of the union miners in the bituminous coal fields. In his message to the 85th general assembly on January 1, 1923, Governor Davis reviewed many of the accomplishments of the preceding two years. "In the new system of administrative operation of the state government, known as the reorganization plan," said he, "a new epoch is marked in the history of Ohio's management of its public affairs. A year and a half's operation of it has firmly and clearly distinguished its substantial merit and its vast superiority over the old order. The results it has accomplished have been striking. They are to be found in every branch of the state work and though in many instances sweeping in degree and scope, there is ample assurance that it will yield increasingly higher benefits to the public in improved, larger and more economical service as succeeeding administrations make the most of its possibilities." The enormous treasury balance of nearly twenty million dollars "represents at least in large part direct savings in state expenses which the new plan has permitted." Governor Davis invited especial attention to the excellent record of his administration in highway improvement as follows : "Ohio has completed a biennium which places this state by far in the lead among all American states in intensive and extensive road building work during any similar period. The two years saw exactly 1,800 miles added to the state's improved highway system, increasing it nearly fifty percent. Had it not been for untoward industrial conditions during the latter part of 1922, the mileage so completed would easily have exceeded 2,000 miles. * * * Included in the roads so built are seven thoroughfares extending from state line to state line—three east and west, three north and south, and one diagonally across the state." The opposing political party did not agree with the Governor in regard to the results f the "reorganization plan." It was pointed out that while the balance in the treasury was large the annual expenditures of the state government had very materially increased, rising from $29,479,260.84 in the last year of the administration of Governor Cox to $47,808,266.16 in 1921 and $51,605,009.19 in 1922—the two years of the Davis administration. The large balance in the treasury, it was claimed, was due to larger revenues derived from taxation. The vote for senators at the November election was : Fess, 794,159 ; Pomerene, 744,588. An amendment had been proposed legalizing the manufacture and sale of light wines and beer. The secretary of state had refused to certify the proposition for vote on the ground that even if adopted it would be without effect on account of the eighteenth amendment. On September 19 the Supreme Court ordered the proposal put on the ballot. It was rejected by a majority of 188,472. The democrats elected their candidates for governor and lieutenant-governor; the republicans elected their candidates for the remaining state officers. Senator-Elect Simeon D. Fess was well qualified for the office to which he had been chosen. He had been college professor ; lecturer on 734 - HISTORY OF OHIO educational, historical and economic subjects; president for ten years of Antioch College, founded by Horace Mann ; vice president of the Ohio Constitutional Convention of 1912, and member of the Lower House of Congress, where he was recognized as a leader. His election by a substantial majority over a very able competitor added to his prestige, on this, the first test before the voters of the entire state. It is fitting that reference should here be made to the views of Governor Davis on the death penalty. While he considered it his duty to enforce the penalty imposed by law, he was opposed to capital punishment and contributed to The Outlook of July 26, 1922, a monograph on "Death by Law," which is a candid, comprehensive and eminently fair presentation of the subject. Mr. James K. Mercer, legislative historian, did well to reproduce this contribution in his "Ohio Legislative History," (1921-1922). Those interested should read this able survey f the subject. ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR VIC DONAHEY EIGHTY-FIFTH GENERAL ASSEMBLY Regular Session, January 1 to April 28, 1923 The General Assembly convened on the 1st day of the new year with Clarence J. Brown presiding in the Senate. He was succeeded on January 8th by Earl D. Bloom, who had been elected lieutenant-governor at the previous November election. H. H. Griswold was chosen speaker of the House of Representatives. In the Senate there were 31 republicans and 4 democrats ; in the House of Representatives 103 republicans and 27 democrats. The election returns for the constitutional state officers were canvassed and the result officially declared. As recorded by the secretary of state, votes were cast for candidates as follows :

Governor :

Carmi A. Thompson, republican Vic Donahey, democrat Lieutenant-Governor: W. C. Chatfield, Jr., republican Earl D. Bloom, democrat Secretary of State: Thad H. Brown, republican W. D. Fulton, democrat Treasurer : Harry S. Day, republican William J. Hiler, democrat Attorney-General: C. C. Crabbe, republican S. M. Young, democrat Judges of the Supreme Court (long term—two to elect): Florence E. Allen Robert H. Day Benson W. Hough Stanley Matthews Thomas D. Price Judge of the Supreme Court (short term) : George H. Clark Nicholas Klein

803,300 821,948 753,696 766,397 820,974 685,818 844,398 666,786 780,192 744,693 540,762 650,817 492,656 423,245 379,999 41,826 26,457

The small vote cast for the short term is due to the fact that no names were printed on the ballot. Those voting had to write in the name of the candidate for the short term. 736 - HISTORY OF OHIO Day and Clark were republicans ; Florence Allen ran as an independent. Some one has said, "All governors are much alike." Vic Donahey, however, must be put in a class by himself. He has not been standardized. Born in Cadwalader, Tuscarawas County, July 7, 1873, he was not, at the outset of his career, hampered with the conventionalities of city life. Cadwalader or West Chester, the hamlet in which he was born, has not yet risen to the dignity of an incorporated village. His education was acquired in the common schools and the printing office. In politics he began modestly as clerk of Goshen Township in his native county. He served four years as county auditor ; was a member of the Ohio Constitutional Convention f 1912 ; was twice elected state auditor by substantial majorities. As candidate for governor in 1920, he led his most popular associate on the democratic ticket by almost 100,000 votes and ran ahead f the average vote of the remaining candidates on that ticket by about 150,000. That he should now defeat so able and popular a candidate as Carmi A. Thompson marked him as a man with a strong appeal to the electorate. His services as auditor of state left the impression, especially with the farmers of the state, that he was independent, courageous and honest—an impression that is held with faith undiminished to this day. As auditor he had saved the state large sums f money, and the fact that he was at times out of harmony with his own party organization strengthened the confidence of the people in his independence and integrity. The fact that without wealth or special educational advantages he has risen to the highest position within the gift of the electors of Ohio is an inspiration to others striving under like conditions to find the way to success. In his message to the General Assembly Governor Donahey expressed himself as follows on a familiar theme : "Past folly in the creation of public debt and unscientific tinkering with our tax laws leave the Ohio taxation system in a deplorable condition. For years tax payers have been at the mercy of public officials whose caprices might suggest bond issues or increased tax levies for this or that purpose, until today approximately 50 per cent of all direct taxes received are required to pay annual interest and retire bonds coming clue. Taxation and public debt have been limited and re-limited, but all to no avail because in eleven years direct taxation has increased 200 per cent. "Non-partisan joint committees on taxation of the Ohio Legislature have biennially for years hired experts and tinkered with our taxation laws until today we have nothing but a hodge-podge system that is violated with impunity by many taxing districts to stave off bankruptcy." He declared that the state is over-organized ; that the prevention and punishment of crime are costing too much—$20,000,000 ; that the uniform rule f taxation must be enforced ; that the holding f elections is costing $2,200,000 a year—twice what it should cost ; that the department of public welfare should be decentralized by the re-establishment of the board of administration, the board of state charities, the state board of clemency and the state commission for the blind. He opposed the creation f municipal courts by separate acts for each municipality, but favored instead a uniform municipal court code. Among the proclamations issued by the governor were the following: August 6, 1923, announcing the death of President Harding ; October 29th, calling a conference for the enforcement f the prohibition, narcotic and other laws ; November 10th, calling upon the people of Ohio to use Ohio coal to give employment to the coal miners f the state ; naming the week of December 9, 1923, for making contributions to the Harding Memorial Association ; March 10, 1924, calling upon ANNALS OF OHIO ADMINISTRATIONS - 737 local officials to exercise increased diligence in the enforcement of prohibition laws. In announcing the death of President Harding the governor said : "Again our state, the mother of presidents, is mourning the loss of the long line of leaders she has contributed to the United States of America. Warren G. Harding is the fifth President to be buried in Ohio soil. He was the fourth Ohioan to be stricken by death while serving in that high office." In a proclamation announcing a grade crossing safety first conference the governor said "During the year 1923 there were 157 automobile accidents at grade crossings in Ohio with 235 persons killed and 729 injured. During the year there were 1,235 deaths caused by automobile accidents in general and 6,180 persons injured." On Saturday, June 28, 1924, a cyclone swept over Northern and Northeastern Ohio, smiting with destructive violence the manufacturing city of Lorain and inflicting the greatest loss in the state since the flood of 1913. The sudden storm "hopped about crazily, like a whirling dervish of death," striking first Attica, then leaping to Sandusky, thence to Lorain and then to West Dover, Avon, Cleveland, Alliance and into Pennsylvania. Between 450 and 500 houses were destroyed or badly wrecked in Lorain. The number of dead was finally reported as sixty-five, and the injured as many times that number. The property loss in this city exceeded $20,000,000. The governor hastened to the scene of disaster. In his proclamation of June 30th he said : "Ohio is visited by a disaster of magnitude. The storm of last Saturday night has taken a frightful toll of life and property loss. * * * The scene of greatest loss and suffering is at Lorain, where conditions beggar description. Churches, schools and business houses are demolished. Thousands of families have lost their homes, mostly mortgaged. Streets in the city are blockaded by buildings and wreckage so that ingress on the part of the public may not be possible for weeks. Gas connections for fuel purposes may not be restored for two months. The need of relief is great and urgent. " In conclusion the governor urged the mayors of municipalities and the newspapers of the state "to assume leadership in facilitating speedy response to the appeal in their respective communities." He asked the emergency board to appropriate $50,000 as the state's contribution to the relief fund. On November 1, 1924, there was serious rioting at Niles, Ohio, over a parade of the Ku Klux Klan, which had been announced to take place in that city. The disturbance originated between klansmen and Knights f the Flaming Circle. The local authorities were unable to control the situation. After twelve persons had been seriously injured by "shooting and mauling," Governor Donahey by proclamation placed the city under qualified martial law. Troops were promptly ordered to Niles under the command of Gen. Benson W. Hough, and order was promptly restored. The governor's proclamation of qualified martial law was said to be the first f its kind issued since 1865. At the democratic presidential preference primary of April 29, 1924, 74,183 votes were cast for James M. Cox and 29,267 for William G. McAdoo. The following Ohio delegates to the Democratic National Convention were chosen—all pledged to Former Governor James M. Cox : At large—James E. Campbell, Columbus ; Judson Harmon, Cincinnati ; Atlee Pomerene, Canton ; J. H. Goeke, Lima ; T. J. Duffy, Columbus ; W. W. Durbin, Kenton ; Mrs. Minnie B. Siddall, Toledo ; Eleanor B. Johnson, Zanesville. Districts : 1—W. A. Julian, Cincinnati ; E. F. Peters, Cincinnati. 738 - HISTORY OF OHIO 2—Vincent H. Beckman, Cincinnati ; John R. Quane, St. Bernard. 3 - J. Spriggs McMahon, Dayton ; Warren Gard, Hamilton. 4—Dan H. Kirwan, Lima ; James R. Marker, Columbus. 5—Newt Bronson, Defiance ; Kearns Wright, Van Wert. 6—W. A. Inman, Portsmouth ; George B. Nye, Waverly. 7—John L. Zimmerman, Springfield ; M. R. Denver, Wilmington. 8—Charles V. Truax, Columbus ; N. E. Arnold, Marion. 9—Edward J. Lynch, Toledo ; John Sorenson, Port Clinton. 10—Louis Horwitz, Pomeroy ; Frank R. Gross, Athens. 11—M. A. Daugherty, Lancaster ; Garrett S. Claypool, Chillicothe. 12—Curtis C. Williams, Columbus ; Clayton A. McCleary, Columbus. 13—Earl D. Bloom, Bowling Green ; Louis J. Quinn, Vickery. 14—Con Mulcahy, Akron ; Wendell L. Willkie, Akron. 15—George White, Marietta ; A, R. McCulloch, Cambridge. 16—Durbin Metz, Wooster ; Elmer Cline, Canton. 17—James M. Neville, Delaware ; Carroll R. Jackson, Mt. Vernon. 18—Harry Gager, Salem ; John T. Flynn, Bellaire. 19—Edmond H. Moore, Youngstown ; D. F. Dunlavy, Ashtabula. 20—Charles A. Mooney, Cleveland ; Pierce D. Metzger, Cleveland. 21—Harry L. French, Cleveland ; Mrs. Anna L. Mulac, Cleveland. 22—Newton D. Baker, Shaker Heights ; W. B. Gongwer, Cleveland Heights. While the foregoing list presents an array of men and women eminent in the democratic party, the name of Governor Vic Donahey does not appear as a delegate. Some thought that in this omission the prestige of the governor had sustained a serious fracture ; others regarded it as another instance of his usual "good luck." The Democratic National Convention in 1924 was held at Madison Square Garden, New York, and continued in session from June 24th to July 9th. The two leading rivals for day after day were William G. McAdoo and Governor Alfred E. Smith. Finally on the One Hundred and Third ballot the nomination went to John W. Davis f West Virginia. Charles W. Bryan of Nebraska was nominated for vice president. At the presidential preference primaries (April 29, 1924) 173,613 republicans expressed their preference for Calvin Coolidge, and 27,578 for Hiram Johnson. The following Ohio delegates—all f whom favored the nomination of Coolidge—were chosen to the Republican National Convention : At large—Harry M. Daugherty, Columbus ; Frank B. Willis, Delaware ; Simeon D. Fess, Yellow Springs ; Charles L. Knight, Akron ; William C. Procter, Cincinnati ; Mrs. John G. Battelle, Columbus ; Mrs. David Tod, Youngstown. Districts : 1—R. K. Hynecka, Cincinnati ; E. W. Edwards, Cincinnati. 2—J. J. Burchenal, Cincinnati ; George F. Scott, Cincinnati. 3—R. R. Nevin, Dayton ; Robert Patterson, Dayton. 4—John Galvin, Lima ; Albert Herzing, St. Marys. 5—Joseph Ross, Paulding ; 0. M. Purmort, Van Wert. 6—Henry T. Bannon, Portsmouth ; Robert M. Andre, Waverly. 7—Frank H. Smith, Xenia ; Charles J. Waggoner, Lebanon. 8—Hoke Donithen, Marion ; Ralph Cole, Findlay. 9—Walter Brown, Toledo ; Frank E. Calkins, Toledo. 10—John E. Jones, Jackson; A. R. Johnson, Ironton. 11—W. K. Martin, Lancaster ; Barton Walters, Circleville. 12—James J. Thomas, Columbus ; William W. Williams, Columbus. 13—Frank P. Riegle, Bowling Green ; Charles L. Sherwood, Fremont. 14—Mrs. Helen A. Pardee, Akron ; Arthur L. Gar ford, Elyria. 15—F. M. Ransbottom, Zanesville ; W. W. Mills, Marietta. 16—U. D. Miller, New Philadelphia ; Harvey P. Ake, Canton. 17—Webb L. Rybolt, Ashland ; Ray Watkins, Radnor. 18—Louis H. Brush, Salem ; St. Clair Archer, Bellaire. 19—William I. Davies, Youngstown ; P. E. Remick, Ashtabula. 20—Paul Howland, Cleveland ; Ralph C. McBride, Cleveland. 21—Clayton C. Townes, Cleveland ; Herman Finkle, Cleveland. 22—Carmi A. Thompson, Cleveland ; T. E. Burton, Cleveland. ANNALS OF OHIO ADMINISTRATIONS - 739 The Republican National Convention met in Cleveland, Ohio, June 10, 1924. Theodore Burton, congressman and former United States Senator from Ohio, presided and made the key-note address. Calvin Coolidge was nominated for President, and for Vice President, Charles G. Dawes, soldier-statesman and native Ohioan, was chosen. The Progressive National Convention met in Cleveland July 4, 1924, and on the following day nominated Robert M. La Follette for President. Senator Burton K. Wheeler was later named by a committee of the progressive conference as candidate for Vice President. The work of the eighty-fifth General Assembly was to an unusual degree routine, consisting in the passage of local laws, amendments to the prohibition enforcement laws and additions to or modifications of other portions of the General Code. It must be recorded, however, that an effort was made to solve the taxation question by the enactment of four laws. These were (1) the Taft rate limitation act, which modified existing rates raising the limitation for cities ; (2) the Albaugh act, relative to listing and assessing property for taxation ; (3) the Robinson act, fixing penalties for failure to list property for taxation ; (4) the McDonald act, providing for state-wide re-appraisement f property. Governor Donahey vetoed all of these measures. The Taft, Albaugh and Robinson bills were passed over the governor's veto. The referendum was invoked against the first two of these and both were overwhelmingly defeated—the Taft act by 367,377 affirmative and 728,087 negative votes ; the Albaugh act by 231,152 affirmative and 765,163 negative votes. At the same election a measure providing for old age pensions was submitted to the people by supplementary initiative petition and received 390,509 affirmative and 777,351 negative votes. At this election were also submitted three constitutional amendments. The first of these slightly modified the provision of the constitution relating to workmen's compensation. It carried by a majority of 60,279. The second proposal related to the elective franchise. It was carried by a majority of 115,018. The third proposal related to publication of notices of proposed constitutional amendments and was defeated by 142,273. The governor used his veto power rather freely. Seventy-four bills were vetoed and in addition certain items in the general and sundry appropriation bills. Eleven acts and a number of the vetoed sections of the appropriation bills were passed regardless of his objections. The contest for the republican nomination for governor was again an interesting one with eight candidates in the field. They were in alphabetical order : J. F. Burke, John L. Cable, Harry L. Davis, Homer Durand, George B. Harris, Joseph B. Sieber, Harry C. Smith and James A. White. Former Governor Harry L. Davis won by a substantial plurality. The four leading candidates received votes as follows : Davis, 176,397 ; Sieber, 101,509 ; White, 98,489 ; Durand, 54,820. The result of the democratic primary for governor was at no time in doubt. Two candidates were in the field. Governor Donahey received 183,622 votes and James C. B. Beatty 41,608. At the November election Calvin Coolidge received 1,176,130 votes in Ohio-698,242 more than his nearest competitor and 340,294 over the combined vote for Davis and La Follette. While the republican candidate polled this remarkable vote for president, Governor Donahey broke all previous records in the race for governor and was elected. ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR VIC DONAHEY EIGHTY-SIXTH GENERAL ASSEMBLY Regular Session, January 5 to April 17, 1925 The General Assembly convened January 5th with Earl D. Bloom presiding in the Senate. He was succeeded January 12th by Charles 740 - HISTORY OF OHIO H. Lewis, who had been elected lieutenant-governor at the previous November election. Harry D. Silver was chosen speaker of the House of Representatives. In the Senate there were 33 republicans and 2 democrats. In the House of Representatives there were 110 republicans and 20 democrats. The election returns for the constitutional state officers were canvassed and the result officially declared. As recorded by the Secretary of State votes were cast for candidates as follows :

Governor :

Harry L. Davis, republican Vic Donahey, democrat Lieutenant-Governor : Charles H. Lewis, republican .Earl D. Bloom, democrat Secretary of State : Thad H. Brown, republican J. H. Newman, democrat Auditor : Joseph T. Tracy, republican Daniel E. Butler, democrat Treasurer : Harry S. Day, republican Hamilton G. Dewees, democrat Attorney-General : C. C. Crabbe, republican Thomas H. Morrow, democrat Judges of the Supreme Court (Long term—two to elect): J. D. Clark Frank R. Fields Walter H. Kinder Reynolds R. Kinkade James E. Robinson William A. Teutsch Judge of the Supreme Court (Short term) : Harry L. Conn Nicholas Klein

888,139 1,064,981 1,030,077 735,590 1,143,668 622,028 1,091,540 645,458 1,028,973 713,216 1,023,207 733,579 518,068 231,465 566,433 707,772 761,052 116,599 784,516 462,811

Robinson and Kinkade, republicans, and Conn, democrat, were elected. Conn had no republican competitor. There are some outstanding features in the election of November, 1924. Coolidge, republican candidate for President, carried the state by a plurality of 698,242 ; Donahey, democratic candidate for governor, was elected by a plurality of 176,842. As will be seen, the candidates for other offices on the republican state ticket were elected by pluralities ranging from 289,628 to 521,640. Governor Donahey's majority over all, including Virgil .D. Allen, who received 11,776 votes, and Franklin T. Catlin, who received 8,468 votes, was 156,598. Such a phenomenal result at an Ohio election had never before been recorded. That Governor Donahey should have achieved this victory in the face of a republican landslide of unprecedented dimensions made it all the more remarkable. The large majority for Thad H. Brown, secretary of state, 521,640, was another outstanding feature of this election. Mr. Brown, as will be recalled, polled a large vote at the November election in 1922. Complaint had been made in the previous administration that the governor had been handicapped by a republican Legislature, and the claim was made, at times somewhat vociferously, that he should have a democratic Legislature to translate his policies into law. The people, however, again elected a Legislature overwhelmingly republican. Their purpose—if indeed they had any purpose in thus mixing the political situation—was possibly to place such restraints upon the executive and ANNALS OF OHIO ADMINISTRATIONS - 741 legislative departments of the state government as would make it difficult for either to do much harm. However this may be, the governor and the majority leaders of the General Assembly in this session began early to talk of "cooperation." They even admitted that they had made mistakes in the previous administration by frittering away valuable time in party and personal wrangling. They now declared their willingness "to let bygones be bygones" and to work together for the good of the state. It was not long, however, until differences arose, and the resolution was evidently forgotten, for the General Assembly was soon passing laws without much regard to the governor's policies and platform pledges, and the governor was again wielding his veto ax somewhat freely. Most of the measures that incurred his opposition were repassed over his veto. To be more specific, forty-three bills and items in three appropriation bills were vetoed. Thirty-three of these bills and items in two of the appropriation bills were passed over the governor's veto. The net result of the exercise of the veto power was not so evident as in the previous General Assembly. In his message to the General Assembly on January 12th, the governor renewed his recommendation of two years previous on the subject of taxation. His views are clearly set forth in the following paragraph : "I would give the people of each taxing district direct and full control over future increases in tax levies, debts and sources of revenue. Why should they not be permitted to vote their tax rates as high as they want them and issue as many bonds as they desire so long as they themselves pay the bills they create ? Care must be exercised, of course, so that actual majorities f the electors always govern. Tax questions and bond issues should be submitted preferably only at regular November elections. If submitted at a special election a proposal should not carry unless approved by a majority of the total vote cast at the last preceding regular election. Such a system would guarantee absolute and full home rule by actual majorities, each taxing district for itself. It would do away with the injustice of an unequal valuation of property among counties and give each district the choice of paying high rates on low valuations or low rates on high valuations. The evil of our present and past taxation laws has been that the taxpayers have been at the mercies and caprices of a few public officials and little self-seeking minorities of people. If public officials and little minorities are to continue to control our debt and taxation system, it is only a question of. time until the state and many of its subdivisions will be in the hands of receivers." There is a growing disposition to accept the policy thus outlined. The chief objection to it is that with no brake or limitation, the local governing units would run still more deeply into debt ; that high taxing rates and big bond issues would be the regular order in municipalities and other taxing units of the state. The answer is that the people would soon get tired of taxing themselves. They would learn that the burden of taxation ultimately reaches the shoulders of all members of the community; and knowing this they would in time become in the best sense of the term conservative. The disposition in recent years to vote down bond issues seems to confirm this view. Some who are still in doubt are disposed to give the principle of "home rule in local taxation" a trial. If adopted it would at least relieve the General Assembly f one of the most perplexing questions that have annoyed it since the admission of Ohio into the Union. The child labor amendment to the Constitution of the United States was offered in the House of Representatives January 21st. It was voted on January 27th and signally defeated. Thirty-five votes were cast for it and ninety-one against it. The laws enacted by the Eighty-sixth General Assembly were not of unusual importance. They are still matters of current news that have not ripened into history. 742 - HISTORY OF OHIO The precedent of 1923 was followed by passing a number of taxation measures over the governor's vetoes. These escaped the referendum and are now in force. They are : (1) The McDonald Law, providing for statewide reappraisal f real estate every six years ; (2) the Brown Law, levying a tax of 2 cents a gallon on gasoline used for motor vehicles ; (3) the Tallentire Law, providing for "home rule in fixing the tax rates for municipalities" ; (4) the Dempsey Law, providing for franchise taxes on corporations ; (5) the Vorys Law, providing for budget systems for taxing divisions and establishing a uniform fiscal year for them and the state. The Dodd Tax Law so nearly met the governor's requirements for a "home rule tax measure" that he permitted it to go into effect. It provides for fixing tax rates, when authorized by a vote of the people in the political subdivisions f the state. It was not entirely satisfactory to the governor because it did not require the proposals for fixing rates to be voted on at a general election and passed by a majority of all the votes cast at such election. It permitted them to be submitted at special elections and to become effective on the approval f "a majority of those voting thereon." He recorded similar objections to the Kreager measure which empowered political subdivisions to issue bonds when approved by 55 per cent of those "voting thereon" at a general or special election. To neither f these acts did the governor interpose. his veto. Their practical operation will be observed with much interest, as it will indicate in large measure the efficacy of the principle of home rule in local taxation. These two laws represent an approach to the "cooperation" between the governor and the General Assembly frequently promised at the opening of this session. On April 16th, the Senate refused to confirm four of the major appointments of the governor—one each to the Civil Service Commission and the Tax Commission, and two to the Public Utilities Commission. This action constituted another "break down" in the cooperative program. The measure before the General Assembly which created the most heated discussion and left an aftermath of bitterness was the Buchanan-Clark bill requiring the reading of the King James version of the Bible in the schools. This was in no sense a political issue. If it should prove to be fraught with danger to the political aspirations of men in the public service it will not be the first time that they have suffered for their action on issues of a religious nature. The measure was supported by the Ku Klux Klan and certain Protestant religious denominations.. It finally passed the General Assembly and was vetoed by Governor Donahey. It is a significant fact that since this occurred Former Secretary of State Charles E. Hughes and very recently President Calvin Coolidge have warned the people f the entire Nation against bigotry and appeals to religious prejudice. Their serious words indicate that they consider these two elements f discord real dangers to the Republic. Three constitutional amendments were submitted to be vetoed upon at the November, 1925, election. They provided : (1) For a material limitation of the power to incur bonded indebtedness by the political subdivisions of the state ; (2) a limited classification of property for purposes of taxation. The exceptions proposed to the uniform rule included motor vehicles, all moneys, credits, bonds, stocks and all other intangible property "which may be taxed as provided by law" ; (3) the extension of the terms of state and county officers to four years. Much discussion was precipitated by the report of the Federal Council of Churches on prohibition. Coming as it did from a source known to be in sympathy with the prohibition movement, some of the conclusions were distinctly disappointing to the drys and encouraging to the wets. "We cannot yet tell," says the report, "whether prohibition is really successful." Among the concluding sentences is the fol- ANNALS OF OHIO ADMINISTRATIONS - 743 lowing : "Since a large portion of our population is opposed to prohibition, in order to make prohibition successful, the churches and dry organizations must try to change the minds of the people by energetic and sustained educational effort." These are among the conclusions of the council after six years of prohibition. It seems that the results of this report which is now so widely considered will be to encourage the opponents of prohibition and stimulate its friends to renewed effort. In no other state, perhaps, have these conclusions been more seriously considered than in Ohio, the home of the anti-saloon league and a battleground for years between the wets and drys. CENTENARY OF LAFAYETTE'S VISIT TO OHIO One great city in the United States at least appropriately celebrated the centenary of Lafayette's visit to America. The City of Cincinnati, under the leadership of Mrs. Lowell F. Hobart, Ohio Regent of the D. A. R:; Mrs. Charles A. Meyers, regent of the Cincinnati chapter of this organization ; Mrs. Thomas Kite, general chairman f the committee in charge, and Mrs. J. Stanley Orr, her assistant, planned a very successful celebration of the visit of Lafayette to Cincinnati, where he was received 100 years before, in the name f the state as well as the Queen City of the West. On May 19, 1925, just 100 years after the visit of Lafayette, a most interesting program was rendered. The newspapers of Cincinnati had prepared the people for the event by the publication of accounts of Lafayette's visit, and the people came out in great numbers to hear read the speech of Governor Morrow, who had welcomed Lafayette in behalf of the state, and the reply of Lafayette. The interest manifested in this celebration simply illustrates what might have been duplicated in every city of the United States that had, 100 years ago, entertained Lafayette. In the failure to adopt and carry out generally a program for such celebration of the centennial anniversary of this remarkable tour, the patriotic societies of America lost a real opportunity. WRECK OF THE SHENANDOAH The morning of September 3d—found Columbus, the capital city of Ohio, in expectant attitude. Many eyes were directed toward the East, for this was the day that the Shenandoah, the giant dirigible of the American army, was to pass over the city. The State Fair was in progress, and visitors were present from many parts of the state, eager to see this leviathan of the air of which they had heard much. They were awaiting to see it rise above the horizon, gliding gracefully toward the city and reflecting the silver light of the morning. They waited in vain. The Shenandoah did not reach Columbus. But there was flashed to the city the news that it had been wrecked in a storm and that its broken fragments were strewn over the hills of Noble County, Ohio. Gradually the details of this catastrophe were known through special editions of the city papers. The wreck of the Shenandoah was complete, and fourteen officers and men of a crew of forty-three had lost their lives. Among them was Lieutenant-Commander Zachary Lansdowne of Greenville, Ohio. The first news fell like a pall over the city and soon newspaper correspondents, many of them from a distance, and others interested were on their way to the scene of the tragedy in automobiles and airplanes. It seems that very few persons witnessed the wrecking of the airship in its struggle with the storm. It is somewhat difficult to understand just how this would appear from the earth, but here is the statement of a credible observer : 744 - HISTORY OF OHIO "A great cigar-shaped monster, its sides shimmering like silver in the first rays of the dawn as it glided gracefully through the heavens ; a muffled roar which echoed and re-echoed through the silent countryside ; a drunken, careening hulk aloft where the dirigible seemed momentarily to stand still and then—not a crash—but a seemingly gentle slipping to earth." This is the picture drawn by Mr. C. L. Arthur of Belle Valley and. put into words by the correspondent of the Columbus Evening Dispatch. It appears that when the Shenandoah was rent asunder the severed portions did not fall directly to earth. The gas in the compartments kept a portion of the ship afloat and greatly relieved the descent of another large portion which contained the greater number of the crew. The front section, with seven f the crew, landed about twelve miles from the Village of Ava, near which the main section, carrying twenty-six survivors, landed with a crash. The following record from the log of the ship, written by G. W. Armor, who was one of the fourteen to perish, describes its progress after crossing the Ohio River. It was faithfully kept until the very moment when the Shenandoah lost her fight with the storm : 2 :15 a. m.—Follow valley westward through Ohio and see lightning directly ahead. Take higher elevation and find that visibility is bad. "2 :30 a. m.—Strike strong head winds and see storms both west and southwest in distance. Believe that we can ride them without trouble and bear straight westward. "3 :15 a. m.—Storm increasing in intensity and ship pitches heavily. Pass over Lore City, Ohio, and steer toward Cambridge, northwest, to avoid storm direct ahead. "3 :50 a. m.—See Cambridge in distance and make little headway, result of strong head winds. Storm worst we have encountered to date. "4 :20 a. m.—Pass over Byesville, Ohio, after battling storm over half an hour and decide to steer south to get out of direct winds. Trouble with radio, will not pick up messages—effort to repair it unsuccessful. "4 :55 a. m.—Members f crew called from gondola pit and sent into runway to aid in keeping ship on even keel. Commander orders care in changing course. All engines working perfectly, unable to get headway in the wind. "Lightning increases in intensity. Hope to ride out storm soon. Unable to get radio to function. "Pleasant City seen in distance, observation station off course thirty miles south. "Orders to throw off gasoline tanks given and complied with, but does not aid stability. Radio no better. "Wind increasing in volume. Get no chance to—" The sentence was never finished by the brave soldier who stood at the post of duty till the end. Following is the list of those who lost their lives : Lieutenant-Commander Zachary Lansdowne of Greenville, Ohio, captain of the ship. Lieutenant-Commander Louis Hancock, Jr., of Austin, Texas, executive officer. Lieutenant J. B. Lawrence, St. Paul, Minnesota. Lieutenant A. R. Houghton, Alston, Massachusetts. Chief Petty Officer Schnitzer, Tuckertown, New Jersey. Machinist Mate James Moore, Savannah, Georgia. Chief Rigger E. P. Allen, St. Louis, Missouri. Lieutenant E. W. Sheppard, Washington. Rigger Ralph T. Joffray, St. Louis, Missouri. Machinist Mate B. B. O'Sullivan, Lowell, Massachusetts. ANNALS OF OHIO ADMINISTRATIONS - 745 Machinist Mate W. A. Spratley, Venice, Illinois. Chief Machinist Charles Broom, Atlantic City, New Jersey. Machinist Mate C. P. Mazzucco, Murray Hill, New Jersey. Machinist Mate James W. Culliman, Binghampton, New York. And thus another point in Ohio is made memorable by this tragedy. Here, in the long warfare for the supremacy of the air, brave men in the uniform of the Republic gave battle to the thunderstorm—and lost. YES, THEY ARE ALL FROM OHIO Mr. A. P. Sandles, familiarly known in Ohio as "Put" Sandles, who hails from Putnam County, has been a .successful school teacher, an enthusiastic agriculturist and one of the prominent Democrats of the state. But his interest in Ohio, her history and the achievements of her sons, is the dominating enthusiasm of his life. It knows not the bounds of creed or partisanship. Mr. Sandles is pointed out as the man who discovered that "the rainbow comes down in Ohio." One cannot hear him talk of the proud place of his native state in the galaxy f the republic without feeling the contagion of his enthusiasm. He never tires of relating the achievements of Ohio's illustrious sons—teachers, warriors, statesmen and presidents. To each he generously assigns the meed of praise. Recently in speaking to the writer he said : "Yes, Ohio does not just now have the President of the United States. But she has had a goodly share of them. And have you recently thought," he added, "of the dominant place our state still holds in national affairs ? "If you should be in Washington next month after the assembling of Congress and look into the House of Representatives, that great assembly of men from every section of the Union, you will see presiding over that distinguished body, in the speaker's chair, with the ability of the best f his illustrious predecessors, Hon. Nicholas Longworth f Ohio. "If you should then go to the Senate chamber in the national capitol and look down from the gallery upon the eminent men of this highest legislative body in the world, you will see presiding there another Ohioan, Charles Gates Dawes, the soldier statesman, whose name is a household word throughout the land. "Your interest will then carry you to the Supreme Court of the United States, the tribunal of last resort, where passion and prejudice are forgotten and justice is administered. In this tribunal, as the worthy successor of John Marshall and Morrison R. Waite and Melville W. Fuller, sits another son of Ohio, William Howard Taft; chief justice and former President of the United States, who wears the distinguished honor of having served at the head of both the executive and judicial departments of the Republic. "Have you thought of that ?" asked Mr. Sandles enthusiastically. "Should not the proud position of our state stir the hearts of the rising generation with a generous enthusiasm ?" Of course the listener, especially if he be an Ohioan, will agree with all that Mr. Sandles has said. Possibly he will be disposed to pursue the line of thought a little farther, outside of the political field. Let us suppose, for instance, that the reader was recently in Sacramento, California, and visited the National Grange assembled there in annual meeting. In that body he would have seen the representatives of the varied farming interests from all sections of the United States, from whose ranks have been recruited the successful men of every walk in life. Presiding over the deliberations of this large and intelligent assembly, with the ease and decorum of a master, would have been seen Louis J. Taber, who hails from Ohio, where he aided through a series of years in building up the great organization over which he presides. 746 - HISTORY OF OHIO The American Federation of Labor will hold its next meeting in Detroit on the first Monday in October. If a visitor should be privileged to be present he will have an opportunity to look upon a large assemblage of men representing every craft of the labor world. For intelligence, courage, conservatism, and practical appreciation of its needs and the opportunities that it enjoys under the republican form of government, this body of men has no peer in the labor assemblies f the world. In the office of president of this great organization will be recognized a native of the Buckeye State, William Green, who started in the coal mines of Coshocton County, and rose through the local labor organizations of his section and the state senate of Ohio, to the position of international secretary-treasurer of the United Mine 'Workers f America, and then, on the death of Samuel Gompers, to the presidency of the American Federation of Labor. In Philadelphia, the City of Brotherly Love, where the Quaker spirit still lives, though not as dominant as in the long ago, the American Legion will assemble on the occasion of its next annual meeting. The Legionnaires of Ohio who attend that meeting will have the privilege of applauding the opening address of the presiding officer, an Ohioan, Brig.-Gen. John R. McQuigg, of Cleveland, a World war veteran with a brilliant record of overseas service and an orator whose fervid eloquence has stirred the delegates to previous conventions and marked him as worthy of the distinguished position which he now honors. In the prosperous inland city, Des Moines, capital of the great agricultural State of Iowa, will be held the next meeting of the Spanish-American War Veterans, and presiding over this body, gavel in hand, will be seen on that occasion a well known Ohioan, Carmi A. Thompson, who of course will be perfectly at home after having presided as speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives. The next meeting of the American Farm Bureau Federation is scheduled for the week following the writing of these lines, as president of this organization will also be found the ubiquitous Ohioan, Oscar E. Bradfute, who was prominent in the organization of the Farm Bureau movement in Ohio, and now holds the responsible position of president of the national Federation. Yes, they are all Ohioans—Longworth and Dawes and Taft and Taber and Green and McQuigg and Thompson and Bradfute, all were born within the limits of the Buckeye State. And it will not be forgotten in this connection that the first officer to preside over the American Legion, Col. F. W. Galbraith, whose inspiring personality is still remembered, though born in another state, was an Ohioan by adoption. Though Ohio cannot claim as her own the able and popular present chief executive of the nation, the state has in both political parties a number of statesmen in waiting who are able and willing to continue the Ohio presidential succession. EMINENT OHIOANS GENERAL GRANT 1 During the rebellion and for years after the Grant family lived in Covington opposite Cincinnati, and eventually Jesse Grant, the father, was appointed postmaster of that town. When the star of his son was rising he was a familiar figure on the platform at Union meetings in Cincinnati. I sometimes saw him standing near the Gazette building, where the people were wont to gather for the latest news from the armies in front in the periods of agonizing suspense. Father Grant, as they called him, was a large man with high shoulders, about six feet in stature and plainly attired, giving one the idea of being just as he was, a useful, substantial citizen. His complexion was florid, and his eyes were fronted by huge green glasses ; his whole appearance was striking. When the Union army was floundering in the mud before Vicksburg and millions were despairing under the long and weary waiting his faith never faltered. "Ulysses," he said, "will work until he gets a grip, and when he gets a grip he never lets go, and he will take Vicksburg." One summer afternoon when Grant was President I had the experience of a personal interview with his parents and with each alone. I had published in Cincinnati, my then residence, and in connection with the late E. C. Middleton, a portrait in oil colors f Grant, and crossed the river to Covington to show a copy to them and obtain their testimony as to its accuracy. I first called upon the old gentleman at the postoffice. He invited me in behind the letters, and on looking at the portrait was highly pleased, pronouncing it the best he had seen, and was glad to so attest. He was chatty and happy in my presence. Though sociality was natural to him, I am inclined to think that the reflection that he was the father of General Grant, brought up so forcibly at that moment, was the prime factor to produce an extra benignant mood. Twenty minutes later I was in the presence of Mrs. Grant. Covington, like most towns in the old slave-holding states, had a slip-shod aspect. The Grants lived on an unattractive, narrow street in a small, plain, two-story brick house close up to the pavement. An old lady answered my ring. It was Mrs. Grant, and I think she was the only person in the house. At the very hour when her son was being inaugurated at Washington, it was said, a neighbor saw her on the rear porch of her residence, with broom in hand, sweeping down the cobwebs. She was in person and manner the antithesis of her husband ; a brunette with small, slender, erect figure, delicately chiseled features, and when young and simply Hannah Simpson must have been very sweet to look upon. Indeed, she was so then to me from her modest air f refinement and that expression of moral beauty which increases with the years. In my presence she was the personification of calmness and silence, and put her signature beneath that of her husband without a word. I tried to engage her in conversation to hear more of the tones than simple replies "yes" or "no," and to see some play to her countenance. It was in vain. Believing that life is so short that one should omit 1 - From Howe's Historical Collections, Volume I, pages 334-35-36. - 749 -