800 - HISTORY OF OHIO the work of that commission was in line with his learning, his sound judgment, his great fame and his splendid character. At the age of more than three score years and ten, with his beloved wife, he returned to the simple white frame house in Ashtabula, tree-buried and surrounded by ample grounds, and so long his dear home, and there died as grandly as he had lived, his last day on earth being March 2, 1878. One who had free access to his home, so characteristic of Benjamin F. Wade, thus describes it : "Everything about him is like the man, plain but substantial. In the lot near the house stands his office-or den, as the family familiarly termed it ; and here, for more than thirty years, when not in Congress, Mr. Wade has passed most of his time. Entering it with the senator, we found two rooms, the floors lined from floor to ceiling with cases filled with books. This library contains nothing but public documents, maps and charts, and is the most complete in the country, embracing all information concerning the government from its foundation to the present day. A carpet, lounge, an old fashioned arm chair, a common table and chairs and some maps on the wall complete the furniture of the rooms, which seemed dreary and lonely enough in their isolated solitude." Dreary and lonely though they might have seemed to an outsider, it was this very seclusion in which, through the printed page, the eloquent voices of other great Americans spoke to him and inspired him to forge the rugged, statesmanlike utterances, which made him the idol of his county, state and Nation. Whatever Senator Wade found to do was accomplished with his whole might and soul ; and as his energy was remarkable, as well as his power of self control, every stroke of his hammer brought not only a spark, but tended toward the fashioning of a definite object. Whether defending the interests of Ashtabula County as its prosecuting attorney, fighting against slavery in the Ohio Legislature and the National Senate, or representing the United States in the Southern seas, he spared no effort to perform faithfully the duties which came to him and to honor both the office and himself. Throughout his entire active career he stood forth as one who performed great deeds with apparent ease and never failed to throw around the smaller affairs of life that dignity and significance which mark the grand soul. Senator Wade was a native of Massachusetts, born in Feeding Hills Parish, October 27, 1800. His father was a Revolutionary soldier who considered his duty as a patriot unfinished until he had fought the battles of his country from Bunker Hill to Yorktown. Mr. Wade's mother was the daughter of a Presbyterian clergyman and a woman o f fine and forceful character. It was under her patient and loving tuition that he learned to read and write. The boy's hunger for books partially compensated for his lack of early school advantages, so that when he was eighteen he was really better informed than most of his companions of that age. Up to that period in his life, he had no other experiences to his credit than those connected with the farm homestead. At eighteen years of age he started for Ohio, working his way into Ashtabula County and from there went to Albany, New York. While there he shoveled dirt for the Erie Canal during one spring and summer. At the end of his summer's work on the canal, the young man returned to Ashtabula County, taught school the next winter and in the following spring commenced to study law in the office of Hon. Elisha Whittlesey, being soon after elected a justice of the peace. In 1828, after two years of hard study, he was admitted to the bar. The next step upward was his election to the office of prosecuting attorney of the county. As an active whig he was then sent to the Ohio State Senate and became the leader of what was then the minority party. While serving in that body, he took a prominent part in abolishing the law permitting imprisonment for debt ; inaugurated the war EMINENT OHIOANS - 801 against the Ohio Black Laws, and took a firm stand against the admission of Texas into the Union, declaring, "So help me God ! I will never assist in adding another rod of slave territory to this country." As this position was then in advance of that held by his party, he was defeated for reelection but returned after the interim of one term. At this session, Mr. Wade pressed through the bill which founded Oberlin College on the principle of equal education, regardless of color, and led the revolt in the State of Ohio against the resolution of Congress, denying the right of the people to petition for the abolition of slavery. From 1847 to 1851 he served as president judge of the Third Judicial District and in March of that year, while a case was pending before him, he heard the firing of cannon in the streets of Akron which proclaimed that the Ohio Legislature had elected him to a seat in the United States Senate. Benjamin F. Wade announced himself as an especial foe to slavery at the commencement of his career in the United States Senate and it was during his fierce conflict with that institution and all of its supporters that his most memorable public act was performed. He reported from the committee on territories the first provisions prohibiting slavery in all the territories of the United States. His outspoken utterances and indifference to personal consequences earned him the bitter enmity of the extreme Southern leaders, who upon several occasions threatened "to call him out" with no other effect upon the senator from Ohio than to draw out the answer, "come on." Of the value of his services as a member of the committee on the conduct of the war, no adequate estimate can be made. He was a very pillar of the Union and a trumpet to its cause, inspiring hope, courage and faith. It was near the close of the thirty-ninth Congress that Senator Wade was elected president pro tem of the Senate and it is almost certain, had President Johnson been impeached, that he would have been elevated to the chair as chief executive of the Nation. But that was not to be, and on the 4th of March, 1869, he retired from the Upper House of Congress as a great and beloved American statesman. Two years after his Government appointed him to a place on the Santo Domingo Commission and later as a special commissioner to report on the feasibility and advantages of the proposed Union Pacific Railroad to the Pacific Coast. The results of his investigations and recommendations on both of these positions have added to his enduring fame, and with a record rich in achievement he retired to his quiet old home in Ashtabula. In 1840 Mr. Wade was united in marriage to Miss Caroline Rosecrantz of Middletown, Connecticut. The two sons of this union are James F. and Henry B. Wade, both connected with the United States Army. The former has attained high rank in the military service. During the Civil war he advanced from a first lieutenancy in a United States cavalry regiment to the rank of brevet brigadier general and at the outbreak of the Spanish-American war was a full brigadier general in the regular army. He served in that conflict as a major-general of volunteers ; was head of the Cuban evacuation commission in 1898; served in the Philippines in 1901-1904, commanded the military division covering the islands during the last year of that period ; commanded the Atlantic division from 1904 to 1907 and was honorably retired from the military service by operation of law on April 14th of the latter year. The comradeship between Mr. Giddings and Mr. Wade was most beautiful. The early letters show such frankness, such perfect understanding that it is no wonder their friendship was firm and everlasting. Before Mr. Giddings began his public life, and they were in partnership, their earnings were substantially in common. Reference: "The Life of Benjamin F. Wade," by A. G. Riddle. 802 - HISTORY OF OHIO THOMAS CORWIN Thomas Corwin, one of the most notable of Ohio statesmen before the Civil war, was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, July 29, 1794, and was four years of age when his father, Matthias Corwin, moved to what is now Lebanon, Ohio. The son grew up on a farm, had limited educational advantages,, began the study of law in 1815 and was admitted to the bar in 1818. His ability and eloquence soon gained him an extensive practice. He entered the Ohio Legislature in 1822 and served one year. In 1830 he was elected to Congress as a whig from the Miami district. His wit and eloquence made him a prominent member of the House of Representatives. He served continuously until 1840, when he resigned to become the whig candidate for governor. He was elected, but two years later was defeated as a candidate for the same office. In 1845 he entered the United States Senate. As a member of the United States Senate, he made his famous speech February 11, 1847, against the prosecution of the Mexican war. He was firmly convinced that the war was unjust and dishonorable and had been undertaken in the interests of the extension of slavery. His speech was made during the debate over a bill making further appropriations to bring the war with Mexico to a 'speedy and honorable conclusion. It was a bold course for him to assume to oppose the appropriation of money to carry on military movements against his country's enemies. He was almost alone, even in the whig party, and Daniel Webster of Massachusetts was one of his whig friends who sought to dissuade him from his position. Nevertheless he spoke, contending that the war was wrong, that it was a President's and not a people's war and was based on the false proposition that the disputed territory belonged to Texas and not to Mexico. The speech created a profound impression. Its moral tone, its great ability and parliamentary eloquence were admitted by all, but it was violently attacked by the opposition press as unpatriotic and even treasonable. Many of Corwin's friends deserted him, some of them being high in the whig party. However, he won the highest praise from such anti-slavery whigs as Joshua R. Giddings and Horace Greeley. In Ohio he was denounced on frequent occasions and his resignation demanded, but the report of the majority of the judiciary committee of the State Senate probably represents a fair judgment then and later. "That the course pursued with reference to this war by Hon. Thomas Corwin has in no degree lessened him in the state he represents, but that the implicit confidence in his statesmanship, his moral integrity, his patriotism, his true loyalty to the Union and the State of Ohio remains unimpaired and unfaltering." On July 20, 1850, Corwin became secretary of the treasury in President Fillmore's cabinet. In 1853 he returned to private life, resuming his law practice at Cincinnati. In 1858 he was again elected to Congress, this time from a republican district, and was reelected in 1860. However, he was not in entire harmony with the republican party. He favored prohibiting slavery in the territories, but he believed that they had a right to make a constitution for statehood permitting slavery if they saw fit. He became chairman of the famous committee of "thirty-three" appointed to devise some plan to stem secession and provide for a peaceable settlement of the slavery question. Corwin favored a compromise, and chiefly for that reason, but also because he was growing old, he was not numbered among the great leaders who exerted the dominating influence on the Nation's affairs in the era that began with the election of Lincoln. His compromising position disappointed those who had applauded his opposition to the war with Mexico and to the acquisition of territory in the Southwest for the extension of slavery. President Lincoln appointed him minister to EMINENT OHIOANS - 803 Mexico. He served until 1864, then resumed his law practice at Washington, and died there suddenly, December 18, 1865. References: "Life and Speeches of Thomas Corwin," by Josiah Morrow: "Thomas Corwin," by A. P. Russell. EDWIN M. STANTON Edwin McMasters Stanton was born at Steubenville, Ohio, December 19, 1815, son of Dr. David and Lucy (Norman) Stanton and grandson of Benjamin and Abigail (Macy) Stanton, who, being Quakers, moved from Massachusetts to North Carolina prior to the Revolutionary war. His father separated from the Quakers in 1815 and made his home in Steubenville, Ohio. Edwin M. Stanton attended the district schools and in 1827, upon the death of his father, obtained employment in a book store. Be studied in the evenings and entered Kenyon College in 1831, but was obliged to abandon his studies in 1833 for want of means. He then entered a book store in Columbus, Ohio ; studied law and was married December 31, 1836, to Mary Ann, daughter of William Lamson of Columbus. He practiced law in Cadiz, from 1837 to 1839, and in 1838 was prosecuting attorney of Harrison County. In 1839 he returned to Steubenville, where he entered into partnership with Judge Tappan. He was an active supporter of Martin Van Buren for the presidency in 1840 and reporter of the State Supreme Court from 1841 to 1846. He became one of leading lawyers in the state. In 1844 Mrs. Stanton died and he moved his law practice to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he was, married June 25, 1856, to Ellen M., (laughter of James Hutchinson. He removed to Washington, D. C., in 1857, his increasing practice in the United States Supreme Court necessitating the change. Many cases committed to his charge were of national celebrity and included the litigations attending the first Erie war, the -Wheeling Bridge case and the Manny and McCormick Reaping Machine contest. In the latter case he was leading counsel with Abraham Lincoln as one of his associates. Mr. Stanton succeeded Jeremiah S. Black as United States Attorney-General in the cabinet of President Buchanan in 1860. He favored the Wilmot Proviso and the emancipation of slaves. When South Carolina seceded from the Union, December 20, 1860, John B. Floyd, secretary of war, at a cabinet meeting, demanded the withdrawal of Major Anderson from Fort Sumter and of the national troops from Charleston Harbor. In reply Mr. Stanton made an indignant speech, bitterly denouncing Floyd and ending with the words, "Your conduct would cause Aaron Burr to hide his head. Your treason would bring the blush of shame to the cheek of Benedict Arnold." In consequence of this speech, Floyd tendered his resignation and was succeeded by Joseph Holt.. On the retirement of Simon Cameron from the office of secretary of war, President Lincoln appointed Mr. Stanton to fill the vacancy January 15, 1862. Under his administration a rigorous military policy was favored. He was opposed to the plan of conducting the war adopted by General McClellan, and his opposition resulted in the recall of McClellan and his army from the Peninsula and the appointment of General Pope to the command of the Army of the Potomac. He dissuaded President Lincoln from sanctioning a conference between Grant and Lee for the purpose of considering a negotiation of peace, and Lincoln is quoted as saying : "So great is my confidence in Stan-ton's judgment and patriotism that I never wish to take an important step without first consulting him." A few days before Lincoln's death, Stanton tendered his resignation of the portfolio of war, desir- 804 - HISTORY OF OHIO ing to return to his practice at the bar, but at the earnest request of the President, he reconsidered it. On April 14, 1865, Lincoln was assassinated and Andrew Johnson succeeded to the presidency. President Johnson's administration opened with an -unfortunate collision between the legislative and executive branches of the Government. The Freedman's Bureau Bill, the civil rights bill and the reconstruction acts, although supported by Stanton, were opposed by the President, and discord in the cabinet resulted. Stanton was requested to resign, but as Congress was not then in session he refused until the of that body, and the President suspended him from office. On January 13, 1868, the Senate "refused to concur in such suspension" and General Grant, who had been acting secretary of war ad interim, relinquished the office to Stanton. The impeachment of Johnson followed and after the result of the trial was made known, Mr. Stanton resigned and resumed his practice of law. Upon General Grant's accession to the presidency, he appointed Stanton an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, and as a mark of respect, the nomination was confirmed by the Senate without the usual reference to the judiciary committee, but Mr. Stanton did not live to take his seat on the bench. In selecting names for a place in the Hall of Fame, October, 1900, his name in class M, Rulers and Statesmen, received six votes. He died in Washington, D. C., December 24, 1869. The official and personal associations of Lincoln and Stanton are matters of never failing interest, and many are the versions of these, especially of their relations in the McCormick-Manny case in Cincinnati. Perhaps the most authentic account, is the one given by Mr. George Harding of Philadelphia, associate counsel with Stanton and. Lincoln in this case, and published in "The Life of Abraham Lincoln" by Ida M. Tarbell. It appears that while Stanton was ,not responsible for crowding Lincoln out of the case his attitude toward the awkward lawyer from Illinois was not very cordial. Though Stanton had risen from humble estate, he was something of an aristocrat and a scholarly collegian. At this time he was not naturally attracted to a man of the Lincoln type. The meeting of the two in this case was in 1855. Stanton's contempt did not abate with the passing years. After Lincoln had been elected President Stanton characterized his adminis- EMINENT OHIOANS - 805 tration in the early months as "disgraceful" and "imbecile." In the fall of 1861 Gen. George B. McClellan spoke of Stanton's hostile attitude. Among other things he said, "He [ Stanton] never spoke of the President in any other way than as the 'original gorilla,' and often said that Du Chaillu was a fool to wander all the way to Africa in search of what he could so easily have found at Springfield, Illinois." There was no question, however, of Stanton's loyalty to the Union and his supreme desire to suppress the rebellion. His eminent ability was also generally recognized. This led Lincoln to tender him the appointment of secretary of war, which Stanton accepted. In a conversation with Don Piatt soon afterward Stanton declared that in this position he intended "to make Abe Lincoln President of the United States." In the cabinet he gradually changed his opinions in regard to Lincoln and became the warm personal friend and able defender of the President. When Abraham Lincoln fell at the hands of an assassin Stanton was at his bedside and broke the solemn hush that followed the last breath of the martyred President with the words that have become historic : "And now he belongs to the ages." References: "Edwin McMasters Stanton, the Autocrat of Rebellion, Emancipation and Reconstruction," by Frank Abial Flower. "In Memoriam: Edwin McMasters Stanton," by Joseph B. Doyle. SALMON P. CHASE Salmon Portland Chase was born at Cornish, New Hampshire, January 13, 1808, son of Ithamar and Janette (Ralston) Chase and sixth in descent from Aquila and Ann Chase, who left England in 1640 and settled in Newbury, Massachusetts. Salmon P. Chase attended a district school until his ninth year when his father died and he was sent to Windsor, Vermont, where he continued his studies. In 1820 his mother sent him to Worthington, Ohio, at the suggestion of her brother-in-law, Bishop Philander Chase, who conducted a collegiate school at that place and who agreed to give him a home and educational advantages. He made the journey with his elder brother and H. R. Schoolcraft, who were going west to join the Cass exploring expedition. On the removal of Bishop Chase to Cincinnati in 1822 to accept the presidency of Cincinnati College, Salmon P. Chase entered that institution and in 1823, when his uncle went to Europe to secure funds to establish Kenyon College, he returned to his mother's home in Keene, New Hampshire. For a time he taught school at Royalton, Vermont, and entered Dartmouth College in 1824, grad- uating in 1826. He then went South, expecting to find employment as tutor in some private family, but in this was disappointed. Returning, at Washington he was refused a situation in one of the departments, his uncle, Dudley Chase of Vermont, declining to aid him on the ground that such an appointment had already ruined one nephew. He secured a private school, where he had among other pupils a son of Attorney-General Wirt. This incident led to an offer from Mr. Wirt to receive the young tutor as a law student and he was admitted to the bar of the District of Columbia in 1829. In 1830 he returned to Cincinnati and was admitted to the Ohio bar. While waiting for clients he prepared an edition of the statutes of Ohio, which his conscientious codification, copious annotation and comprehensive sketch of the growth and development of the territory and state expanded to three volumes. Upon its publication, the fame of the author spread with its rapid sale, all previous "Statutes of Ohio" being superseded by the new work. Practice now came and among his clients were the Bank of the United States in Cincinnati and the Lafayette, a prominent city bank, which engaged his services as a director, secretary of the board, and solicitor. This experience directed 806 - HISTORY OF OHIO his mind to subjects of finance and was the preparatory school of the future Secretary of the Treasury of the United States. The question of slavery and the rights of fugitives from bondage was at this time (1837) uppermost in the public mind, especially in the vicinity of Cincinnati,' a famous point on "the underground railroad." Mr. Chase was counsel for a colored woman claimed as a fugitive slave and also in the case of James G. Birney, prosecuted under a state law for harboring a fugitive slave. Both cases were defended by him before the State Supreme Court and his arguments against the right of the Federal Government to demand of a state magistrate any service in the case of a slave voluntarily brought by his master into a free state and there escaping from his control and in maintaining that the law of 1793 was unwarranted by the constitution of the United States and therefore void, were published and extensively circulated by the anti-slavery party. In the case of Van Zandt, before the Supreme Court Of the United States in 1946, he was associated with William H. Seward, and there argued that under the ordinance of 1787, no fugitive from service could be reclaimed from Ohio, unless escaped from one of the original slave states and that the question of slavery was an interstate and not a federal question for adjudication by Congress. In politics Mr. Chase had supported whig or the democratic party as they promised to futher his one political idea, the blotting out of slavery ; but in 1841 he called the convention that organized the liberty party in Ohio, wrote the address to the people and supported its candidates. In 1843 when the liberty party met in convention at Baltimore to nominate candidates for President and Vice President, Mr. Chase was a member of the committee on resolutions and opposed the radical proposition offered, which refused to support the third clause of the constitution if it was applied to the case of a fugitive slave. His opposition prevented it from becoming a part of the committee's report. It was, however, introduced before the convention and adopted. The movement for a convention of "all who believe that all that is worth preserving in republicanism can be maintained only by uncompromising war against the usurpation of the slave power, and are therefore resolved to use all constitutional and honorable means to effect the extinction of slavery within the respective states, and its reduction to its constitutional limits in the United States," was led by Mr. Chase, and was intended to invite representation only from the Southern and Western States. It met in Cincinnati in June, 1845, and the address, -urging the necessity of a political organization determined upon the overthrow of the slave power, was prepared by Mr. Chase as chairman of the committee on platform. The second Liberty National Convention was held in 1847 and in it Mr. Chase opposed making a ticket and advised waiting to see how the Wilmot Proviso would affect the political parties and the action of Congress. In 1848 he prepared a call for a free territory state convention at Columbus, Ohio, which resulted in the national convention at Buffalo, New York, in August, 1848, over which Mr. Chase presided and which nominated the free soil ticket, Van Buren and Adams. Mr. Chase was next year elected by the democratic and federal whigs to the United States Senate. In 1852, when the Democratic National Convention at Baltimore nominated Franklin Pearce and denounced the agitation of the slavery question, and the ticket and platform were upheld by the democrats of Ohio, Mr. Chase withdrew from the party and prepared the platform for an independent party, which was adopted by the Pittsburgh convention of 1852. He opposed the Clay compromise in a speech in the Senate ; and all his efforts in that body were directed to the confining of the question of slavery within its constitutional limits, to securing non-intervention EMINENT OHIOANS - 807 on the part of the Federal Government in the affairs of the states and territories, to upholding the individual rights of persons and states and to securing economy in the administration of financial affairs. He favored free homesteads to actual settlers, cheap postage, government aid towards construction of the Pacific Railroad and liberal appropriations for harbor and river improvements. The opponents of the Nebraska bill and of the administration elected him governor of Ohio in July, 1855. His policy was economy in the administration of state affairs, annual sessions of the Legislature and liberal support to schools. At the Republican National Convention of 1856, a majority of the Ohio delegates proposed his name as a presidential candidate but at his request it was withdrawn. In 1857 he was again a candidate for governor and received the largest majority that had at that time been given to a candidate for that office in Ohio. When the Republican National Convention met in Chicago in 1860, Ohio presented Mr. Chase as a candidate and on the first ballot he received forty-nine votes ; but when the votes of Ohio were needed to secure Mr. Lincoln's nomination, they were promptly furnished. In the same year he was elected to the United States Senate and resigned it to accept the portfolio of. the treasury in the cabinet of President Lincoln. The treasury was in great need of money and Secretary Chase asked for $8,000,000, April 2, 1861, of which amount $3,099,000 was tendered at or under six per cent. He refused all bids at higher rates than six per cent and placed the balance in two-year treasury notes at par or over. When Fort Sumter was fired upon, the Secretary went to New York and obtained $50,000,000 from the banks in exchange for treasury notes payable in coin and soon after obtained $100,000,000 more from the same source. The bankers could not sell the bonds for coin and on December 27, 1861, the agreement to suspend specie payment was entered into. When the resources of the banks were found inadequate to supply the Secretary's demand for money, he, largely through the suggestion of 0. B. Potter of New York, issued the greenback. This popular loan was followed by the national banking system, a part of the original plan of Mr. Potter. The financial measures enabled the government to prosecute the war and and furnished a stable currency. On December 6, 1864, President Lincoln named Mr. Chase Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court to succeed Justice Taney, deceased, and his nomination was immediately confirmed by the Senate. In the impeachment trial of President Johnson in March, 1868, Chief Justice Chase presided and his impartial and dignified demeanor won the respect of all. He became dissatisfied with the policy of the republican party as voiced by the majority in Congress and when the Democratic National Convention met in New York in July, 1868, he was announced as a candidate for the presidency. At one time his chances for the nomination seemed to be flattering, but the tide changed before the balloting began and he received but four votes. In the presidential campaign of 1872 he favored the election of Mr. Greeley, the democratic candidate. He died in New York City, May 7, 1873. The ambition, of Salmon P. Chase was to attain the presidency. He was greatly disappointed when he failed to secure the nomination in 1860. He felt keenly the failure of Ohio to stand by him. He never forgave those who lead the break in the convention to Lincoln. Gen. Roeliff Brinkerhoff, who knew Chase intimately, said in a carefully worded estimate, "Mr. Chase, mentally, morally and physically, was one of the noblest of men. He was a man of high ambition, but his ambition was entirely subordinate to his sense of duty. * * * Intellectually Mr. Chase was the superior of Lincoln. * * * The only weakness I ever detected in him was the infatuation of his later years 808 - HISTORY OF OHIO to be President, and I always thought that arose more from a desire to gratify the ambition of his daughter rather than his own." 1 This ambition led Chase, while a member of the cabinet, to become a candidate against Lincoln for renomination in 1864. Failing to receive any material support, he withdrew. Lincoln was annoyed at some of his actions, including an occasional presentation of his resignation, apparently for the purpose of being coaxed to remain in the cabinet. He was finally constrained to accept the resignation. Lincoln, however, admired the ability of Chase and overlooked his personal shortcomings. On one occasion, he said : "Mr. Chase is a very able man. He is a very ambitious man, and I think on the subject of the presidency a little insane." 2 Again in a serious mood he declared, "Of all the great men I have ever known, Chase is equal to about one and one-half of the best of them." JOHN SHERMAN John Sherman was born in Lancaster, Ohio, May 10, 1823, son of Charles R. and Mary (Hoyt) Sherman, natives of Norwalk, Connecticut, grandson of Taylor and Elizabeth (Stoddard) Sherman and a direct descendant of Roger Sherman. His father removed in 1810 from Norwalk, Connecticut, to Lancaster, Ohio, where he was a prominent lawyer, became a judge of the State Supreme Court under the Constitution of 1802, and died at Lebanon, Ohio, June 24, 1829, leaving eleven children, John being the eighth. John Sherman was brought up by his cousin, John Sherman o f Mount Vernon, Ohio, and attended Homer Academy at Lancaster, Ohio, 1835-1837. In 1839 at the age of sixteen, he obtained employment on the Muskingum Improvement under Colonel Curtis, as junior rodman of an engineer corps and later was given charge of the work at Beverly, Ohio. He was admitted to the bar on reaching his majority in 1844, and entered into partnership with his brother at Mansfield. He was a delegate to the Whig National Convention at Philadelphia. Pennsylvania, June 7, 1848, and served as secretary of the convention. He was married August 30, 1848, to Cecilia, daughter of Judge James Steward of Mansfield. The same year he established a mill for the manufacture of finishing lumber, which business he carried on in connection with his law practice. He was a delegate to the Whig National Convention at Baltimore, Maryland, June 16, 1852, where he supported Gen. Winfield Scott for the presidency. He removed to Cleveland in 1853 and was elected a whig and republican representative from the Thirteenth Ohio District, serving from 1855 to 1861. He was president of the First Ohio Republican State Convention in 1855 and was foremost in the organization of the republican party. He was a member of the committee of three appointed by the House of the Thirty-fourth Congress to investigate the Kansas troubles of 1855, and prepared the testimony and wrote the report, Representative Howard, the chairman, being ill. In 1856 he supported the nomination of John C. Fremont for President. He was chairman of the committee on ways and means in the Thirty-sixth Congress and introduced a resolution providing that a committee of fifteen be appointed to report on the subject of a railroad to the Pacific Coast. He secured the passage of a bill authorizing the issue of United States Treasury notes in 1860. He succeeded Salmon P. Chase as United States Senator from Ohio in March, 1861. He served as aide-de-camp without pay on the staff of Gen. Robert Patterson in 1861 and raised largely at his own expense the Sherman Brigade, consisting of two regiments of infantry, 1 - Brinkerhoff, "Recollections of a Lifetime," pp. 108, 117, 118. 2 - Rhodes, "History of the United States," Vol. 4, p. 46. Schuckers, "The Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase," p. 509. EMINENT OHIOANS - 809 a cavalry squadron and an artillery battery. He resumed his seat as United States Senator and in 1862 took charge of the national banking bill and with Secretary Chase, secured its passage. He was chairman of the Senate committee on finance and opposed the issue of 6 per cent bonds ; was the author of the refunding act which was passed in 1870 ; and was chairman of the committee that fixed the time for the resumption of specie payments. He supported the candidacy of Rutherford B. Hayes for President at Marietta, Ohio, in a notable speech at the opening of the campaign on August 12, 1876. This 'was devoted largely to the financial questions then at issue. After the election he was a member of the visiting committee sent to Louisiana to watch the counting of votes and on the inauguration of President Hayes, March 4, 1877, he was appointed secretary of the treasury. He procured the sale of $200,000,000 worth of 4 per cent bonds of which $15,000,000 was used for refunding purposes. In less than six months he was able to dispose of 4 per cent bonds at par, and in July, 1878, he resumed specie payments with a balance of $140,000,000 in gold. He was a candidate for the nomination for the presidency in 1880 and in 1881 was returned to the Senate ; was reelected in 1887 and served as chairman of the committee on foreign relations and as a member of the committee on expenditure of public money. He was president of the Senate pro tempore, 1885-1887, and was a candidate for the nomination for the presidency in 1884 and in 1888. He resigned his seat in the Senate in 1897 to become secretary of state under President McKinley, but his health failed, and after a short term of service he resigned, April 23, 1898, and retired to private life, being succeeded by William R. Day. He died in Washington, D. C., October 22, 1900. John Sherman's title to enduring fame rests chiefly on the resumption of specie payments in 1879 which was more largely due to him than perhaps any other one man. Fortunately he was secretary of the treasury when the act went into effect. In speaking of his service to the country at this time Theodore Burton has said, "In the management of the treasury, as a departmental organization, Secretary Sherman showed a skill and ability not surpassed by anyone who has ever held the office." In 1895 appeared "John Sherman's Recollections of Forty Years in the House, Senate and Cabinet." This autobiography in two volumes is a revelation of the author in retrospect as he saw himself and an illuminating work on the political history of the times. In 1907 was published "John Sherman, His Life and Public Services," by Winfield S. Kerr, in two volumes. An excellent shorter review is found in "John Sherman," by Theodore Burton, published in 1906, in the American Statesmen Series. THOMAS A. HENDRICKS Thomas Andrews Hendricks was born on a farm in Muskingum County, Ohio, September 7, 1819, son of Major John and Jane (Thomson) Hendricks and a nephew of William Hendricks. In the spring of 1822 his parents moved to Shelby County, Indiana, and while a resident of that county, his father was appointed by President Jackson deputy surveyor of public lands and in 1832 took up a homestead on the site of .Shelbyville, Indiana. Thomas A. Hendricks was prepared for college at the Shelby County Seminary and entered Hanover College in 1841. Absence during the last three months of his senior year prevented his obtaining a diploma with the class, but he was afterwards placed on the list of the alumni. He studied law with Stephen Major of Shelbyville in 1842 and with his uncle, Judge Alexander Thomson at Gettysburg College, Cham- 810 - HISTORY OF OHIO bersburg, Pennsylvania, in 1843 ; was admitted to the bar at Shelbyville, Indiana, in 1843 and practiced there from 1843 to 1850. In 1848 he was elected as a democrat to the State Legislature and he was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1850. He represented the Indianapolis district in the 32nd and 33rd Congresses, from 1851 to 1855 ; was United States commissioner of the general land office by appointment of President Pierce, 1855-59 ; was the unsuccessful democratic candidate for governor of Indiana in 1860 against Henry S. Lane ; and served as president of the democratic state convention of 1862. He was a United States senator from 1863 to 1869, and served on the committees on claims, public buildings, the judiciary, public lands and naval affairs. He opposed the reconstruction measures, the test oath, the civil rights bill, the freemen's bureau bill and the impeachment of President Johnson. He favored large appropriations for vigorously prosecuting the war for the 'union and proposed an increase of soldiers' pay to meet the depreciation of the currency. He was candidate for president of the United States before the Democratic National Convention of 1868, held in New York City, and on the twenty-first ballot, with Gen. W. S. Hancock leading with 135% votes, he stood second with 132 votes, when the name of Horatio Seymour was so forcibly presented as to carry the convention. He was the unsuccessful democratic candidate for governor of Indiana against Acting Governor Conrad Baker. He was defeated for reelection to the United States Senate, the Legislature being largely republican, and returned to his law practice in Indianapolis. He supported the Cincinnati nominations in 1872 and in October of the same year was the successful candidate for governor of Indiana. In 1875 his duty to his party in the state, the lieutenant governor being a republican, made him unavailable for United States senator and Joseph E. McDonald was elected by the democratic Legislature. In the Democratic National Convention of 1876 held. at St. Louis, Missouri, on the first ballot Mr. Hendricks received 133% votes to 403% for Mr. Tilden and seventy-five for General Hancock. On the second ballot Mr. Tilden was nominated and on the following day Mr. Hendricks received 730 of the 738 votes of the delegates for the second place on the ticket and was then unanimously nominated as candidate for vice president. The electoral commission decided the election in March, 1877, in favor of Hayes and Wheeler and Mr. Hendricks visited Europe in June, returning to the United States in October. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Chicago in 1884 and on behalf of the Indiana delegation nominated Joseph E. McDonald of that state as their choice for candidate for president. After the nomination of Grover Cleveland, the entire 816 votes of the convention were cast for Thomas A. Hendricks as the vice presidential candidate. He assumed his duties as vice president on March 4, 1885, presiding over the United States Senate to the close of its special session, April 3, 1885. He died in Indianapolis, Indiana, November 25, 1885. WHITELAW REID Whitelaw Reid was born near Xenia, Ohio, October 27, 1837, son. of Robert Charlton and Marian (Ronalds) Reid, and a grandson. of James Reid, a Scotch covenanter, who immigrated to America in 1783 and after residence until 1800 in Western Pennsylvania and Fayette County, Kentucky, became a founder of the Town of Xenia, Ohio. Whitelaw Reid was graduated at Miami University, Bachelor of Arts, 1856; Master of Arts, 1859; taught school, 1856-1858 ; edited the Xenia News, 1858-1859 ; was correspondent for the Cincinnati Gazette in 1861; war correspondent, 1861-1862 ; served as aide-de-camp on the staffs of Thomas A. Morris and W. B. Rosecrans in the two Western Virginia campaigns and was with Grant at the Battle of EMINENT OHIOANS - 811 Shiloh. He was Washington and war correspondent of the Gazette, 1862-1868, and finally one of its proprietors and editors ; served as clerk of the military committee of the Thirty-seventh Congress, 18621863 ; was librarian of the United States House of Representatives, 1863-1866, and engaged in cotton planting in Concordia Parish, Louisiana, 1866-1867. He became an editorial writer of the New York Tribune by invitation from Horace Greeley, in 1868; managing editor in 1869; editor-in-chief in 1872, and chief proprietor on the death of Mr. Greeley. He declined the office of United States Minister to Germany, tendered by President Hayes in 1877, and by President Garfield in 1881; served as United States Minister to France by appointment from President Harrison, 1889-1892 ; was chairman of the New York Republican State Convention in 1892, and was the republican nominee for Vice President of the United States on the ticket with Benjamin Harrison, in 1892. He was appointed by President McKinley special ambassador of the United States to Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, in. 1897; was a member of the Peace Commission to Paris, negotiating the treaty with Spain in 1898, and special ambassador of the United States to the coronation of Edward VII, of England, in 1902. He is the author of "After the War, a Southern Tour," 1867; "Ohio in the Civil War," 1868 ; "Schools of Journalism," 1870 ; "Newspaper Tendencies," 1874 ; "Town Hall Suggestions," 1881; "Two Speeches of the Queen's Jubilee," 1897; "Some Consequences of the Last Treaty of Paris," 1899 ; "Our New Duties," 1899 ; "Later' Aspects of Our New Duties," 1899 ; "A Continental Union," 1900 ; "Our New Interests," 1900 ; "Problems of Expansion," 1900 ; "A Biographical and Memorial Sketch of Horace Greeley." He died March 28, 1912. CHARLES GATES DAWES Charles Gates Dawes is an Ohioan. His ancestors were pioneers of the state. They were more than that ; they were the founders of the free institutions of the Buckeye commonwealth. They included Manasseh Cutler, the leading spirit of the Ohio Company, his son Ephraim, and Beman. Gates, the two latter members of the Constitutional Convention of 1802 who rendered valiant service in the preservation of the basic principles of the Ordinance of 1787. Gen. Charles Gates Dawes was born in Marietta. August 7, 1865. He is the son of Gen. Rufus R. and Mary Beman (Gates) Dawes and brother of Beman Gates and Rufus Cutler Dawes. His father, Gen. Rufus R. Dawes, was born in Malta, Morgan County, Ohio, July 4, 1838. He was graduated from Marietta College in 1860 and soon afterwards went to Wisconsin, where he was at the outbreak of the Civil war. He promptly raised a company of volunteers, was chosen their captain and entered the Union army in 1861. He had a brilliant military career. He participated in the battles of Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Laurel Hill, Spottsylvania Court House, Cold Harbor, Petersburg and other important engagements. In these the regiment of Gen. Rufus R. Dawes lost heavily. At the Battle of Antietam, while he was serving as major, he had command of the regiment through most of the hard fighting. A number of color- guards had fallen under the flag. Major Dawes in the hottest of the fight seized the falling colors and bore them forward. The staff was shattered in his hands, but the flag did not fall. After the close of the war Rufus R. Dawes, who had been promoted a number of times and was breveted brigadier-general, was elected to Congress. The son, Charles Gates Dawes, inherits the ability, courage and patriotism of his ancestors. Following in the footsteps of his father, he was graduated from Marietta College in 1884 and from Cincinnati 812 - HISTORY OF OHIO Law School in 1886. In the latter year he was admitted to the bar and practiced law in Lincoln, Nebraska, 1887-1894. He afterward moved to Evanston, Illinois, and engaged in business. Gen. Charles Gates Dawes never forgot his allegiance to his native state. In the campaign of William McKinley for the presidential nomination in 1896, there was a movement in a number of states to put forth favorite sons and thus defeat Ohio's candidate. Illinois had then a distinguished and popular United States senator in the person of Shelby M. Cullom, who was prominently mentioned for the nomination. Charles G. Dawes entered enthusiastically into the Illinois contest and was influential in swinging that state to the support of William McKinley. He took a very active part in the campaign that followed. He was appointed comptroller of the currency by President McKinley and served in that position from 1897 to 1902. In the latter year he became chairman of the Central. Trust Company of Illinois in Chicago, a position which he has since held. A great sorrow came into the life of Charles G. Dawes. In 1912 he lost by drowning a promising son. Like some of his famous ancestors it had been his habit to keep a journal in which he recorded not only his personal activities but his observations on men and events. Under date of August 21, 1917, at Saint Nazaire, France, he explains why his journal was suspended and after an interval of five years renewed, in the following brief paragraph : "I gave up my journal in 1912 after the tragic death of my dearly beloved son, Rufus Fearing. In the course of the day's work I have become a military man, and am living in the midst of events so important that a record of them will be interesting to others and to myself later." There are two other brief references to the loss of his son in the two ample volumes of his most interesting and valuable printed work, "A Journal of the Great War." He relates the following touching incident that occurred after he reached Paris and was riding one day with General Pershing : "Neither of us was saying anything, but I was thinking of my lost boy and John's loss and looking out of the window, and he was doing the same thing on the other side of the automobile. We both turned at the same time and each was in tears. All John said was, 'Even this war ,can't keep it out of my mind.' " General Pershing was referring to the death by fire of his wife and their children at the Presidio, San Francisco, California. Again, on February 5, 1918, he makes this record : "Wayne Stacey, one of Rufus Fearing's classmates and friends, called on me today. He is a major. I do not seem to get over the loss of my dear, dear boy." These are the only references to a grief that has never wholly left him, an unselfish grief that has broadened his sympathies for his fellow men—especially those who like himself have been touched to the heart by a great sorrow. When the World war came and drew the United States into its red whirlwind, he did not have a son to give, and he went himself. The declaration of war found him at the age of fifty-two years with one supreme desire—to serve his country overseas—to do his part with the legions of younger men who were hastening to the far-flung battleline in desolated France. In his journal he states frankly how he succeeded in getting into the military service and he does this in a single sentence : "Through the friendship of S. M. Felton, Director General of Railways, a member of the board of directors of the Central Trust Company of Illinois, and the cooperation of John Pershing, my old friend, I received a commission as Major of Engineers (Seventeenth Regiment, National Army)." EMINENT OHIOANS - 813 On May 27, accompanied by Major John S. Sewell, a graduate from West Point with twenty years' service in the army, he left Chicago to enter upon a course of intensive training for overseas service. He assisted in recruiting the regiment. About forty men enlisted from his old home, Marietta, Ohio, and about twenty from Columbus, Ohio. All told, about 350 enlisted from the North and 750 from the South, making the Seventeenth Engineers, as he declared, "a splendid group." The work in camp was new to him. He was physically well preserved but, of course, not quite so supple as in his college days. "The tactics," said he, "came a little hard for me, but I was soon drilling a battalion and feeling thoroughly at home in it. Colonel Sewell was more than kind in giving me every opportunity to develop along military lines. I found I did not mind long marches or horseback riding and became acclimated soon." Major Sewell was later promoted to Colonel and Major Dawes to Lieutenant-Colonel. When the latter was in Washington he met Herbert Hoover, who urged him to accept a position at the head of an organization to fix the price of grain in the United States. In urging him to accept Hoover said, "I can find, a hundred men who will make better Lieutenant-Colonels of Engineers, and I want you right here." The offer was promptly declined. After Dawes had returned to :Atlanta, Hoover gave him, as he declares, "a great scare" by wiring him, "Would you bear me implacable resentment if I asked the President to assign you to me ?" Dawes replied, "Under no circumstances do such a thing. It would be unfair and cruel, and I know you would not consider it." "Heard no further from the matter," wrote Dawes in his journal. "to my great relief." At last, the day of embarkation arrived. While the time of preliminary training had really been very short, it seemed long to those who were eager to reach France, especially if, as in the case of Lieutenant-Colonel Dawes, there was the haunting fear that he would be "drafted" for service on this side of the Atlantic. The Seventeenth Regiment of Engineers reached New York City July 28, 1917, where it joined the Twelfth Regiment of Engineers and embarked on the Carmania. Dawes was placed in command of the regimental "boat drill." It was his duty to instruct the troops how to leave the vessel most expeditiously and safely in case of submarine attack. He writes interestingly of service in this new position. Among other things he says : "From the commencement of my assignment in command of boat drill I slept with my clothes on in the 'after wheel house,' where the `officers of the night' could reach me at a moment's notice, and from where I could reach the top of the 'after island,' which was to be my post in case of attack. During the long nights I made friends of the gunners who served the six-inch gun on the stern and of the after crew of the boat. They were very considerate. If they thought I was sleeping they all walked on 'tiptoe.' They were interesting companions all the way over. From them I gained much information about the submarine warfare, as I did from the ship's officers; who had most of them been on torpedoed vessels." He details in very interesting way the zigzag voyage across the Atlantic and the good fortune of the Carmania in escaping torpedoes. The New York and the Belgic that sailed about the same time were not so fortunate. August 11 Liverpool was reached in safety and the American soldiers entrained at once for the camp at Borden. Lieutenant-Colonel Dawes describes the journey by rail as follows : "It was a long but interesting trip across England. Everywhere the people were waving flags and cheering along the route. It took us until 11 o'clock at night to reach Borden. The men had had only a sandwich 814 - HISTORY OF OHIO at noon. It was a cold, dark, rainy night. A British officer, on our arrival, asked me to form the battalion on the road near the station, which I did. And then occurred a demonstration of the reviving effect of music, for there appeared to lead us to camp a splendid British band. As it played the American marches and airs as we marched in the dark, it meant to us all that we were welcome, that after all we amounted to something, that somebody was glad to see us. I do not think that in the great London demonstration, when we marched for hours through cheering crowds—the first American troops ever to pass through the British capital--our men were so uplifted as when we marched along that lonely road that night, after a weary day, to camp. When we got there we found a fine supper waiting us. I managed to get four lines of men passing the soup cans at once instead of the one line our British friends had arranged, and in this way saved an hour of time at least." He then pays high tribute to the British for the kindness and cordiality of their welcome and records briefly the reaction of the "new world in the midst of which he found himself" : "For myself I find everything new and interesting—the few hardships and all. As summary court officer for the regiment which I have been from the beginning, as a drillmaster and pupil, as a principal and a subordinate, as a ship officer and a military commander, I have found among these new friends and associates and in this new environment a new interest in life, a new career, however humble, to make, and in thinking back the only experience in my life with which I can compare it in its excitement are the early days of college life with its new friends and duties and competitions. "One's civil accomplishments help some, but not much. Young and bright men are around you engaged in similar tasks. Comparison is always present. Competition sits at your side. All the artificial barriers which civil success and wealth have built around one fall away, and leave you but a man among men to make or unmake yourself as in the time of young manhood. And then as before, work and character and personality—tact and initiative and common sense—will commence to count. Humbleness and naturalness are the great protection against ignorance. I feel that I learned much in military life from the beginning by letting those 'who knew' know that I did not know, but that I wanted to learn." He bears cordial testimony to the democratizing influence of army life : "And while in civil life I felt. I knew something, at this time and in this life I find I know very little or nothing. But I am learning every day. My hours of work, my time of rising and of going to bed, my food, my habits, my exercise are changed in a revolutionary way from my former life. And as a result I am vigorous, can endure more, eat more, and do more than I deemed possible heretofore. The outdoor life—the camp fare—I enjoy everything. I eat beans and cabbage and beets and rice with zest which I never could stand before. Even onions and a small degree of garlic do not stagger me. As for being particular as to whether the service is clean, as I used to be, it never occurs to me to look for dirt, I am so anxious to get something to eat. I am writing this right here for the benefit of the middle-aged business men. The joys of youth are still within our reach if we will only give over physical and mental indolence.- When in army life you have some hardships—and you certainly do have them—there are a lot of good fellows going through the same thing at the same time, and the whole thing becomes laughable." After reaching England the two regiments were joined by two others. The four regiments, the Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Seventeenth were invited by the British government to march through the City of London. This was very unusual. Since the days of William the Conqueror in 1066 no foreign armed troops had been permitted to march through that city. The people of England, who had suffered severely-- in the war, were somewhat discouraged and feared that the EMINENT OHIOANS - 815 American troops would not reach France in time to turn the tide of victory to the Allied cause. To reassure them that the great armies on the other side of the Atlantic would soon reach the theatre of war, the British cabinet invited these four regiments to march through the city. The plaudits with which they were received, the touching manifestations of gratitude on the part of the great crowds who came forth to greet them and the soldierly bearing of the Americans as they marched through the great city will long be remembered as a part of. this thrilling incident of the great war. It has been celebrated by literary men of England who witnessed it and in verse on this side of the Atlantic : A foreign flag and foreign arms And soldiers lithe and brown Through open gates and open hearts Marched into London town ; While from the tower above the bridge That spans the river's tide The Union Jack and Stars and Stripes Were floating side by side. In London the regiments separated. The Seventeenth proceeded to Havre ; crossed the Channel on a cattle boat and reached Havre without notable incident, the soldiers as usual then wearing life preservers during the entire time they were on board the vessel. When they landed on French soil they marched to camp to the music of their own band. Failing in his effort to get musical instruments from the War Department, Dawes purchased these and presented them to the Regiment. It must not be forgotten that General Dawes is a musician of more than local note. It is said that in musical circles of his home city he is referred to as a musician who is also a great banker ; while in financial circles he is regarded as a banker who is also a great musician. In his journal he bears testimony to the high value that he attaches to the cheering influence of music in the army. At Havre he met and conversed with, the Belgian Minister of Finance whose "unhappy country" was now reduced to a narrow strip of land ten miles wide and twenty miles long, "so narrow that great shells from the German army sometimes pass over it." From Havre the Seventeenth Regiment proceeded to St. Nazaire. There was considerable disappointment among the men that they were not sent to the front as was the Twelfth that crossed the ocean with them. Here they found hard work putting this base of supplies into shape to handle the enormous quantities of freight. In this work Colonel Sewell won enviable fame and the distinguished service medal. In the latter part of August he went to Paris and called on General Pershing who informed him that he wished him to organize and head a board which would coordinate all purchasing for the United States Army in France, including the Red Cross. He was told by General Pershing that his report on boat drill and method would be published, for the use of the army. This change in his position virtually separated him from the Seventeenth Engineers. He now became closely assodated with the Commander-in-Chief of the American Armies whose confidence and appreciation he kept through the remainder of the war. He proceeded at once to select the members of his board and apply his business judgment to the solution of the momentous problem before him. In a report to General Pershing September 9, 1917, he stated that the army would need "60,000 tons of freight space in ships from England to France now-50,000 for coal and 10,000 for general supplies ; that by the first of February when our railroads here would commence to consume coal, we should need space for 150,000 tons of coal monthly in addition." 816 - HISTORY OF OHIO On September 12 he recorded his serious apprehensions in regard to the future, which were evidently shared by many of the Allied officers. He says in part : "The more one learns of the actual conditions the less certain he feels as to the outcome of things. I came to France believing an Allied victory was only a matter of time. Now I can only feel that it is probable. The loss in tonnage (ships) for two weeks has been submitted to me. It is about 240,000 tons, or at the rate of nearly 500,000 tons per month. French officials are apprehensive as to the effect of the cooling winter on the morale of the army and the people of Paris. Unless they can be kept warm, revolution is feared, or rather disorganization." He frequently in his journal pays tribute to General Pershing declaring that "John is master of his great place. It has not affected his perspective or changed him in any way. He has the proper mixture of caution along with the tremendous initiative and executive capacity. Fie thinks a thing out, and then acts without indecision. He is very wise. When he starts our offensive it will be kept up." While he did not take part in any actual combat on the field of battle, it is a mistake to conclude that he shunned any danger that came to him in the line of duty. In a letter to his mother dated October 23, 1917, he describes his visit to the Belgian battlefront. We quote as follows : "I climbed the ladder to the observation station and with the glasses of the soldier who was there looked at the German line which was about four to five hundred yards further on. "About this time the firing became more general between the Belgian and German lines. The shells would pass over our heads. Some of them sounded almost like a railroad train ; some of them whined, and others made a sound similar to the firing of a sky-rocket. The airplanes were very active. Whenever the French or Belgian airplanes would come near the line, the German guns would open upon them- and we could see the shells bursting around them. The Germans would also fire at them with machine guns. A machine gun sounds a good deal like a pneumatic hammer on a skyscraper which is being built, but since in Marietta you have probably not heard one I will bring you to a realization of it by stating that when in our childhood we boys used to run along the pavement in front of the house holding a stick hard against the pickets of the old fence ; the resultant noise sounded like- an infant machine gun." By special recommendation of General Pershing Dawes was promoted to Colonel of Engineers early in January, 1918. General Pershing requested the honor of personally pinning upon his shoulders the eagles. This was done in Paris on his return from the Belgian battlefront. Under date of March 31, he describes the bombardment of that city in the follow incidental paragraph : " 'Big Bertha' (the long-range German gun) has been pretty active yesterday—and started again this afternoon. Went for a minute into the church where the shell killed and wounded 160 at one shot on last Friday. As "I came out of the door of the church another shell exploded in the neighborhood. The crowds were kept away from the church, but the officers passed me through. We are being bombarded and 'air-raided' right along these days." He gives an interesting account of how General Pershing reached the conclusion to turn over his forces to the Allies at the critical time of the war. This conclusion was not hastily reached but Colonel Dawes bears enthusiastic testimony to its efficacy. As the months passed on he saw more and more of the tragedy of the war. Under date of August 16, 1918, he records a trip to the battlefield of Soissons : "We reached the brow of the hill through an underground passage, but upon reaching there emerged in view of the valley and of the Germans as it proved. We watched the effect of our shells on the German positions. Our troops occupy a part of Soissons and the Ger- EMINENT OHIOANS - 817 mans are in the outskirts. We walked back to the Colonel's dugout and when we were there the Germans opened fire, dropping four large shells within 150 yards of us." Here are a few lines of description from his record of September 9: "We went about eight or ten kilometers beyond Soissons where we looked at the artillery action. A French deputy who had preceded us at this point two hours before was killed by a shell which burst in his party." Occasionally the narrative is enlivened by a bit of humor. Here is an instance under the date of September 10, 1918, just before the great St. Mihiel victory of the American army : "Returned to Paris as usual at forty miles per hour. I often wonder at my peace-time conservatism in regard to speeding. It makes a difference when you have to do anything. Theoretically, nothing mapped. out for our Services of Supply is possible considering the increasing importation of our troops, but practically, we will take care of them. Dwight Morrow's story is applicable. A father was telling his little boy a story. He said, 'The alligator had his mouth open and was about to close it on the turtle, when the turtle suddenly climbed a tree and hid himself in the foliage."But, papa,' said the little boy, 'a turtle can't climb a tree.' To which papa replied, 'But this turtle had to.' " The latter part of the summer of 1918 was a period of intense activity at the headquarters of General Pershing, and Colonel Dawes was at work almost night and day. There is a pathetic interest in the following, written under date of October 8: "At and around Mont faucon we were in the midst of the artillery, and a battery of 155s—four in succession firing within fifty feet of me —well-nigh burst my ear drums. This was after our return from our observation post. Much, aerial activity and heavy anti-aircraft and machine-gun work directed at Boche machines was going on. My heart was heavy with pity for the wounded in the long lines of ambulances swaying along over the roads so rough. that at times their agony must have been excruciating. It was less difficult to look upon the dead. Some mother's son lay sleeping the last long sleep near our observation post. In the frightful noise all around he looked strangely peaceful and rested." The confidential relations between General Pershing and Colonel Dawes enabled the latter to give a very clear insight of Pershing's views in regard to the Armistice terms. There is an interesting description of the operations in the Argonne which Colonel Dawes considers the greatest of American battles and in which a number of his relatives rendered distinguished service. The signing of the Armistice on November 11 called forth the following brief statement from General Dawes : "The greatest struggle of humanity ended today with the signing of the Armistice by the Germans." And he continues in his record for that day with the following touching reflection : "Somehow—and I think it is true of almost everyone else—I keep thinking of what I have seen and of those who made all this possible, but themselves cannot know of it as they sleep buried in the wheat fields and by the roadways of Northern France. I could not cheer to save my life, but I have to try hard all the time to keep from crying." Charles G. Dawes won a Brigadier General's commission, the Distinguished Service Medal, the Croix de Guerre and other decorations. In the great World war he was a good soldier and under all circumstances a courageous, tender-hearted, manly American. "The bravest are the tenderest The loving are the daring." The journal of General Dawes, exhibiting as it does a continuous record of his services in the American army, is a most interesting and informing contribution to the history of the mighty conflict and a revela- 818 - HISTORY OF OHIO tion of the responsibilities that rested on the shoulders of those in command. In it one reads the hopes and fears that alternately buoyed and depressed the chieftains of the Allied cause and the stupendous problems involved in the transportation of the American forces to foreign lands and their equipment and maintenance on the far-flung battle line. Like his father in the Civil war, Charles G. Dawes was regularly promoted until he reached the rank of brigadier general. At the first opportunity he had volunteered his services in the World war. He was with the first regiments that reached France. From declaration of war by the United States he was in close contact with the business problems involved in the struggle. No officer in the American army had better opportunities for observing its progress or a more comprehensive grasp of its results. The World war was so stupendous and we are still so close to it that we cannot measure its mighty proportions. We are in the midst of its aftermath. It's burdens will rest on the shoulders of the world until the generation that now is has passed on. The problems that it has left, social, moral and economic, will be the problems of government for years to come. General Dawes is not a military strategist. He is a business strategist, with an appreciation of sound sense and elemental justice. His methods are open and above board. They have won where secret bickering and "diplomacy" have failed. His achievements at the head of the Federal Budget System and on the Reparations Commission are triumphs of statesmanship, the results of business equipment, of talent and practical knowledge of the problems involved. The nomination and election of General Dawes to the office of Vice President of the United States ; his effort to reform the procedure of the United States Senate, and the success of the "Dawes Plan" for the adjustment and payment of claims against Germany for the destruction of property in the World war—all, these are matters of recent history and need not be recounted here. His ripe and varied experience fits him for future service. He has faith in the American people, in our free institutions and their assured future. His earnest active life has a background of healthful optimism. He himself has said : "Thank heaven, I never stayed a pessimist over night in my life." SENATOR JOHN SMITH The following is a correct statement of certain facts regarding Senator John Smith, to whom reference was made in sketches of men of the First Constitutional Convention : Senator Smith, realizing that his usefulness as a member of the Senate was gone, resigned in a letter to Governor Kirker. On December 10, 1808, Return Jonathan Meigs, Jr., was elected to fill the unexpired portion of the term of John Smith, and on the next day he was also elected for the full term commencing March 4, 1809. Returning to Ohio, Mr. Smith after closing up his business affairs, removed to St. Francisville, Louisiana, where he died in 1824. In his latter days he resumed the preaching of the Gospel, and free from the turmoil and intrigue of politics, he closed his life in peace and contentment. MEN OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1912 Many of the members of this convention are still living. Some have passed to the great beyond. A goodly number have attained eminence in the public service. A. Vic Donahey, who now insists of writing his name Vic Donahey was elected state auditor in 1912, and was later promoted to the EMINENT OHIOANS - 819 governorship of Ohio, a position which he still holds. Extended reference to his public service is found elsewhere in these volumes. John R. Cassidy, who has been wishing to get out of politics, ever since he was elected probate judge of Logan County on the Democratic ticket, was a member of the convention, and had been in the service of the state as clerk of the house of representatives and member of the tax commission since 1912. Thad H. Brown, who was an assistant in the office of the secretary, in spite of his youth was appointed civil service commissioner and has since been twice elected, by large majorities, to the office of secretary of state. At this date he admits that he has gubernatorial ambitions. Many other members of the convention have been honored in their respective municipalities, counties and districts by election to positions of trust and honor. Following are sketches of the president of the convention and members who prior to 1912 or subsequently served in the Congress of the United States : SIMEON D. FESS Simeon D. Fess was born on a farm in Allen County, Ohio, December 11, 1861. He was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts from the Ohio Northern University in 1889, and received other degrees from this institution as follows : Master of Arts in 1891, and Bachelor of Laws in 1896. In 1900 he received the degree of Doctor of Laws. He was head of the American history department in the Ohio Northern University from 1889 to 1897 ; director of the college of law, 1897 to 1900; vice president of Ohio Northern University; student and lecturer in the University of Chicago from 1902 to 1907 ; president of Antioch College from 1907 to 1917; vice president of the Ohio Constitutional Convention, 1912 ; represented the Sixth Ohio District in Congress from 1913 to 1915, and the Seventh District from 1915 to 1923, serving in the Sixty-third to Sixty-seventh Congress inclusive ; chairman of the committee on education ; member of the library and rules committees in the house ; chairman of the national congressional committee in charge of congressional elections from 1918 to 1920 ; nominated for United States senator at the Republican primaries August 8 and elected November 7, 1922, by a majority of 50,601. Member of inter-state commerce, library, printing, contingent expenses, and public buildings and grounds committees of the senate. His home is at Yellow Strings, Ohio. ROBERT CROSSER Robert Crosser was born June 7, 1874, at Holytown, Lanarkshire. Scotland, and moved to Cleveland, Ohio, with his parents in 1881. He attended public schools at Salineville, Ohio, graduating from the high school in 1893 ; then entered Kenyon College at Gambier, Ohio, where he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1897 ; attended the law school of Columbia University one year and the Cincinnati Law School from October, 1898, until he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1901. Member of the state house of representatives 1911-1912, and was the author of the municipal initiative and referendum bill passed by the legislature in 1911; was a member of the fourth constitutional convention of Ohio in 1912, was chairman of the initiative and referendum committee and author of the initiative and referendum amendment to the constitution. Was elected to the Sixty-third Congress from the state at large ; elected to the Sixty-fourth Congress from the Twenty-first Ohio District, and reelected to the Sixty-fifth, and again elected to the Sixty-eighth and Sixty-ninth congresses. HERBERT S. BIGELOW Herbert S. Bigelow was born January 4, 1870. He was graduated from the Western Reserve University in 1894 with the degree of 820 - HISTORY OF OHIO Bachelor of Arts ; prepared for the ministry in the Lane Theological Seminary. He was ordained as minister in the Congregational Church in 1896, and became pastor of the Vine Street Church in Cincinnati, later known as the People's Church and Town Meeting. He was prominent in social reform movements, and became widely known as a lecturer. He was Democratic candidate for secretary of state of Ohio in 1902 ; secretary of Ohio Direct Legislation League ; was prominent in the campaign for direct legislation in Ohio. In 1911 he was elected a delegate to the Ohio Constitutional Convention of 1912, and on the assembling of that body was chosen its president. In the November election of 1912 he was elected a member of the Ohio house of representatives and served one term. At the conclusion of this legislative service he returned to the ministry and the lecture field. NELSON EDWIN MATTHEWS Nelson Edwin Matthews was born at Ottawa, Ohio, April 14, 1852. He was educated in the public schools, and early entered the employ of a banking firm in his native city. He became a partner in the bank in 1878, and later president. He retired from the banking business in 1911; was director of the Putnam Telephone Company of Ottawa ; delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1908 ; member of the Ohio Constitutional Convention in 1912. He was elected as a republican to the Sixty-fourth Congress and served from March 4, 1915, to March 3, 1917. He died in 1917. WILLIAM W. CAMPBELL William W. Campbell was born in Rochester, Vermont, April 2, 1853. He attended the Goddard Seminary at Barre, Vermont, and Tufts College, Massachusetts ; studied law, was admitted to the bar and practiced in Napoleon, Ohio ; served as prosecuting attorney for Henry County, Ohio, from 1894 to 1897; was elected as a republican to the Fifty-ninth Congress, and served from March 4, 1905, to Marc?! 3, 1907 ; resumed the practice of law in Napoleon ; was a member of the Ohio Constitutional Convention of 1912. "JOHNNY APPLESEED" This is the familiar name by which John Chapman, the pioneer nurseryman, was known in his day. His real name was John Chapman. He was the son of Nathaniel Chapman, a captain in the Revolutionary army, and was born near Cambridge, Massachusetts, about 1768. This is the information that has been handed down by the Chapman family, and it finds confirmation in the official records of Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors of the Revolutionary War. The statement is there made that Nathaniel Chapman was captain of "wheelwrights." He also served as captain in a regiment of artillery artificers. "Johnny Appleseed" was noted for his eccentricities and benevolence. He planted nurseries in different parts of Ohio and distributed the trees among the early settlers. He went poorly clad, but did not make any effort to realize money from his nursery ventures. He seemed to work chiefly to benefit his fellow man. He was a non-resistant, a vegetarian, and opposed to shedding the blood of any living creature. He would not kill even a snake that he found in his way. Many of the early orchards of Ohio were planted from his nurseries. A few of these trees are said to be still standing and bearing fruit. "Johnny Appleseed" died near Fort Wayne, Indiana, March 11, 1843. There has been much romancing and unreliable tradition in regard to this remarkable character, but the historic "Johnny Appleseed" is a unique and very interesting personality. EMINENT OHIOANS - 821 WOMEN WHO. HAVE SERVED IN THE LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIAL DEPARTMENTS. OF THE STATE Six women were elected to the Eighty-fifth General Assembly, two to the Senate, Nettie B. Loughead of Hamilton County and Maud C. Wait of Cuyahoga County ; and four to the House, Nettie M. Clapp of Cuyahoga County ; Lulu T. Gleason of Lucas County, Adelaide S. Ott of Mahoning County and May Van Wye of Hamilton County. Ten women were elected to the Eighty-sixth General Assembly, two in the Senate, Nettie B. Loughead of Hamilton County and Maud C. Wait of Cuyahoga County ; and eight in the House, Nettie M. Clapp, Grace E. Makepeace and Clara Wood Derr of Cuyahoga County, Violet E. Romans of Franklin County, May M. Van Wye of Hamilton County, Florence H. Wells. of Lucas County, Adelaide S. Ott of Mahoning County and Osa Penny of Montgomery County. Upon Miss Florence E. Allen the electors of Ohio conferred a distinguished honor by electing her judge of the Supreme Court, UNITED STATES SENATORS FROM OHIO (Names arranged alphabetically, with dates of service and county of residence.) Allen, William-1837-1849. Ross. Brice, Calvin S.-1891-1897. Allen. Brown, Ethan Allen-1822-1825. Hamilton. Burnet, Jacob-1828-1831. Hamilton. Burton, Theodore E.-1909-1915. Cuyahoga. Campbell, Alexander-1809-1813. Brown. Chase, Salmon P.-1849-1855, 1861. Hamilton. Corwin, Thomas-1845-1850. Warren. Dick, Charles-1904-1911, Summit. Ewing, Thomas-1831-1837, 1850-1851 Fairfield. Fess, Simeon-1923 - ____ Greene. Foraker, Joseph B.-1897-1909. Hamilton. Griswold, Stanley-1809, . Cuyahoga. Hanna, Marcus A.-1897-1904. Cuyahoga. Harding, Warren G.-1915-1921. Marion. Harrison, William H.-1825-1828. Hamilton. Kerr, Joseph-1814-1815. Ross. Matthews, Stanley-1877-1879. Hamilton. Meigs, Return J., Jr.-1808-1810. Washington. Morris, Thomas-1833-1839. Clermont. Morrow, Jeremiah-1813-1819. Warren. Payne, Henry B.-1885-1891. Cuyahoga. Pendleton, George H.-1879-1885. Hamilton. Pomerene, Atlee-1911-1923. Stark. Pugh, George E.-1855-1861. Hamilton. Ruggles, Benjamin-1815-1833. Belmont. Sherman, John-1861-1877, 1881-1897. Richland, Smith, John-103-1808. Hamilton. Tappan, Benjamin-1839-1845. Jefferson. Thurman, Allen G.-1869-1881. Franklin. Tiffin, Edward-1807-1809. Ross. Trimble, William A.-1819-1821. Highland. Wade, Benjamin F.-1851-1869. Ashtabula. Willis, Frank B.-1921 Delaware. Worthington, Thomas-1803-1807, 1810-1814. Ross 822 - HISTORY OF OHIO OHIO CONGRESSMEN (Names in alphabetical order, followed by number of Congress or Congresses, in which representative served or to which he was elected, with the county of his residence.) Albright, Charles J.—thirty-fourth. Guernsey. Alexander, James, Jr.—twenty-fifth. Belmont. Alexander, John—thirteenth, fourteenth. Greene. Allen, Alfred G.—sixty-second, sixty-third, sixty-fourth. Hamilton. Allen, John W.—twenty-fifth, twenty-sixth. Cuyahoga. Allen, William—twenty-third. Ross. Allen, William—thirty-sixth, thirty-seventh. Darke. Ambler, Jacob A.—forty-first, forty-second. Columbiana. Anderson, Carl C.—sixty-first, sixty-second. Seneca. Anderson, Charles M.—forty-ninth. Darke. Andrews, Sherlock J.—twenty-seventh. Cuyahoga. Ansberry, Timothy T.—sixtieth, sixty-first, sixty-second, sixty-third. Defiance. Ashbrook, William A.—sixtieth, sixty-first, sixty-second, sixty-third, sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth, sixty-sixth. Licking. Ashley, James M.—thirty-sixth, thirty-seventh, thirty-eighth, thirty-ninth, fortieth. Lucas. Atherton, Gibson—forty-sixth, forty-seventh. Licking. Babka, John J.—sixty-sixth. Cuyahoga. Badger, DeWitt C.—fifty-eighth. Franklin. Ball, Edward—thirty-third, thirty-fourth. Muskingum. Banning, Henry B.—forty-third, forty-fourth, forty-fifth. Hamilton. Bannon, Henry T.—fifty-ninth, sixtieth. Scioto. Barber, Levi—fifteenth, sixteenth. Washington. Barrere, Nelson—thirty-second. Adams. Bartley, Mordecai—eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth, twenty-first. Richland. Bathrick, Ellsworth R.—sixty-second, sixty-third, sixty-fifth. Summit. Beach, Clifton B.—fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth. Cuyahoga. Beall, Rain—thirteenth. Wayne. Beatty, John—fortieth, forty-first, forty-second. Morrow. Beecher, Philemon—fifteenth, sixteenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth. Fairfield. Begg, James T.—sixty-sixth, sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth. Erie. Beidler, Jacob A.—fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth. Lake. Bell, Hiram—thirty-second. Darke. Bell, James M.—twenty-third. Guernsey. Bell, John—thirty-first. Sandusky. Berry, John—forty-third. Wyandot. Bingham, John A. — thirty-fourth, thirty-fifth, thirty-sixth, thirty-seventh, thirty-ninth, fortieth, forty-first, forty-second. Harrison. Blake, Harrison G.—thirty-sixth, thirty-seventh. Medina. Bliss, George—thirty-third, Portage; thirty-eighth, Wayne. Bliss, Philemon—thirty-fourth, thirty-fifth. Lorain. Bond, William Key—twenty-fourth, twenty-fifth, twenty-sixth. Ross. Boothman, M. M.—fiftieth, fifty-first. Williams. Bowdle, Stanley E.—sixty-third. Hamilton. Brand, Charles—sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth. Champaign. Brenner, John L.—fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth. Montgomery. Brinkerhoff, Henry R.—twenty-eighth. Huron. Brinkerhoff, Jacob—twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth. Richland. Bromwell, Jacob H.—fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh. Hamilton. Brown, Charles E.—forty-ninth, fiftieth. Hamilton. EMINENT OHIOANS - 823 Brown, Seth W.—fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth. Warren. Brumbaugh, Clement—sixty-third, sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth, sixty-sixth. Franklin. Brush, Henry—sixteenth. Ross. Buckland, Ralph E.—thirty-ninth, fortieth. Sandusky. Bulkley, Robert J.—sixty-second, sixty-third. Cuyahoga. Bundy, Hezekiah H.—thirty-ninth, forty-third, fifty-third. Jackson. Burns, Joseph—thirty-fifth. Coshocton. Burton, Theodore—fifty-first, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, sixtieth, sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth. Cuyahoga. Bushby, George H.—thirty-second. Marion. Butterworth, Benjamin—forty-sixth, forty-seventh, forty-ninth, fiftieth, fifty-first. Hamilton. Cable, John L.—sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth. Allen. Cable, Joseph--thirty-first, thirty-second. Carroll. Caldwell, James—thirteenth, fourteenth. Belmont. Caldwell, John A.—fifty-first, fifty-second, fifty-third. Hamilton. Campbell, James E.—forty-eighth, forty-ninth, fiftieth. Butler. Campbell, John W.—fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth. Adams. Campbell, Lewis D. ----- thirty-first, thirty-second, thirty-third, thirty-fourth, thirty-fifth, forty-second. Butler. Campbell, William W.—fifty-ninth. Henry. Canby, Richard S.—thirtieth. Logan. Carey, John—thirty-sixth. Wyandot. Cary, Samuel F.—fortieth. Hamilton. Cartter, David K.—thirty-first, thirty-second. Stark. Cassidy, James H.—sixty-first. Cuyahoga. Cassingham, John W.—fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth. Coshocton. Chalmers, William W.—sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth. Lucas. Chambers, David—seventeenth. Muskingum. Chaney, John—twenty-third, twenty-fourth, twenty-fifth. Fairfield. Clark, Reader W.—thirty-ninth, fortieth. Clermont. Claypool, Horatio C.—sixty-second, sixty-third, sixty-fifth. Ross. Clendenen, David—thirteenth, fourteenth. Trumbull. Cockerill, Joseph R.—thirty-fifth. Adams. Coffin, Charles D.—twenty-fifth. Columbiana. Cole, Ralph D.—fifty-ninth, sixtieth, sixty-first. Hancock. Cole, R. Clint—sixty-sixth, sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth. Hancock. Converse, George L.—forty-sixth, forty-seventh, forty-eighth. Franklin. Cook, Eleutheros—twenty-second. Huron. Cooper, John G.—sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth, sixty-sixth, sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth. Mahoning. Cooper, William C.—forty-ninth, fiftieth, fifty-first. Knox. Corwin, Moses B.—thirty-first, thirty-second. Champaign. Corwin, Thomas—twenty-second, twenty-third, twenty-fourth, twenty-fifth, twenty-sixth, thirty-sixth, thirty-seventh. Warren. Cowen, Benjamin S.—twenty-seventh. Belmont. Cowen, Jacob P.—forty-fourth. Ashland. Cox, Jacob Dolson—forty-fifth. Lucas. Cox, James M.—sixty-first, sixty-second. Montgomery. Cox, Samuel Sullivan—thirty-fifth, thirty-sixth, thirty-seventh, thirty-eighth. Franklin. Crane, Joseph H.—twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third, twenty-fourth. Montgomery. Creighton, William, Jr.—thirteenth, fourteenth, twentieth, twenty-first, twenty-second. Ross. Crosser, Robert — sixty-third, sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth, sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth. Cuyahoga. Crouse, George W.—fiftieth. Summit. 824 - HISTORY OF OHIO Crowell, John—thirtieth, thirty-first. Trumbull. Cummins, John D.—twenty-ninth, thirtieth. Tuscarawas. Cunningham, Francis A.—twenty-ninth. Preble. Cutler, William P.—thirty-seventh. Washington. Danford, Lorenzo—forty-third, forty-fourth, forty-fifth, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth. Belmont. Davenport, John—twentieth. Belmont. Davey, Martin L. — sixty-fifth, sixty-sixth, sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth. Portage. Dawes, Beman G.—fifty-ninth, sixtieth. Washington. Dawes, Rufus R.—forty-seventh. Washington. Day, Timothy C.—thirty-fourth. Hamilton. Dean, Ezra—twenty-seventh, twenty-eighth. Wayne. Delano, Columbus—twenty-ninth, thirty-ninth, fortieth. Knox. Denver, Matthew R.—sixtieth, sixty-first, sixty-second. Clinton. DeWitt, Francis B.—fifty-fourth. Paulding. Dick, Charles—fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth. Summit. Dickey, Henry L.—forty-fifth, forty-sixth. Highland. Dickinson, Edward F.—forty-first. Sandusky. Dickinson, Rudolphus—thirtieth. Sandusky. Disney, David T.—thirty-first, thirty-second, thirty-third. Hamilton. Doan, Robert E.—fifty-second. Clinton. Doane, William—twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh. Cuyahoga. Dodds, Ozro J.—forty-second. Hamilton. Donovan, Dennis D.—fifty-second, fifty-third. Henry. Douglas, Albert—sixtieth, sixty-first. Ross. Duncan, Alexander—twenty-fifth, twenty-sixth, twenty-eighth. Hamilton. Duncan, Daniel—thirtieth. Licking. Dungan, Irvine—fifty-second. Jackson. Eckley, Ephraim R.—thirty-eighth, thirty-ninth, fortieth. Carroll. Edgerton, Alfred P.—thirty-second, thirty-third. Defiance. Edgerton, Sidney—thirty-sixth, thirty-seventh. Summit. Edwards, John S.—thirteenth. Trumbull. Edwards, Thomas O.—thirtieth. Fairfield. Eggleston, Benjamin—thirty-ninth, fortieth. Hamilton. Ellison, Andrew—thirty-third. Brown. Ellsberry, William W.—forty-ninth. Brown. Emerie, Jonas R.—thirty-fourth. Highland. Emerson, Henry I.—sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth, sixty-sixth. Cuyahoga. Enochs, William H.—fifty-second, fifty-third. Lawrence. Evans, Nathan—thirtieth, thirty-second. Guernsey. Ewing, Thomas—forty-fifth, forty-sixth. Fairfield. Faran, James J.—twenty-ninth, thirtieth. Hamilton. Fenton, Lucien J.—fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth. Adams. Fess, Simeon D. — sixty-third, sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth, sixty-sixth, sixty-seventh. Greene. Finck, William E.—thirty-eighth, thirty-ninth, forty-third. Perry. Findlay, James — nineteenth, twentieth, twenty-first, twenty-second. Hamilton. Finley, Ebenezer B.—forty-fifth, forty-sixth. Crawford. Fisher, David—thirtieth. Clinton. Fitzgerald, Roy G.—sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth. Montgomery. Fitzgerald, W. T.—sixty-ninth. Darke. Fletcher, Brooks—sixty-ninth. Marion. Florence, Elias—twenty-eighth. Pickaway. Follett, John F.—forty-eighth. Hamilton. Foran, Martin A.—forty-eighth, forty-ninth, fiftieth. Cuyahoga. Foster, Charles — forty-second, forty-third, forty-fourth, forty-fifth. Seneca. EMINENT OHIOANS - 825 Foster, Israel M.—sixty-sixth, sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth. Athens. Francis, William B.—sixty-second, sixty-third. Belmont. Fries, George—twenty-ninth, thirtieth. Columbiana. Gahn, Harry C.--sixty-seventh. Cuyahoga. Galloway, Samuel—thirty-fourth. Franklin. Gantz, Martin K.—fifty-second. Miami. Garber, Harvey C.—fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth. Darke. Gard, Warren—sixty-third, sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth, sixty-sixth. Butler. Gardner, Mills—forty-fifth. Fayette. Garfield, James A. — thirty-eighth, thirty-ninth, fortieth, forty-first, forty-second, forty-third, forty-fourth, forty-fifth, forty-sixth. Portage. Gaylord, James M.—thirty-second. Morgan. Gazlay, James—eighteenth. Hamilton. Geddes, George W. — forty-sixth, forty-seventh, forty-eighth, forty-ninth. Richland. Giddings, Joshua R:—twenty-fifth, twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh, twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth, thirtieth, thirty-first, thirty-second, thirty- third, thirty-fourth, thirty-fifth. Ashtabula. Gill, Joseph J.—fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth. Jefferson. Goebel, Herman P.—fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, sixtieth, sixty-first. Hamilton. Goeke, J. Henry—sixty-second, sixty-third. Auglaize. Goode, Patrick G.—twenty-fifth, twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh. Shelby. Goodenow, John M.—twenty-first. Jefferson. Gordon, Robert B.—fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh. Auglaize. Gordon, William—sixty-third, sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth. Cuyahoga. Green, Frederick W.—thirty-second, thirty-third. Seneca. Groesbeck, William S.—thirty-fifth. Hamilton. Grosvenor, Charles H.—forty-ninth, fiftieth, fifty-first, fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh; fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth. Athens. Gunckel, Lewis B.—forty-third. Montgomery. Gurley, John, A.—thirty-sixth, thirty-seventh. Hamilton. Hall, Lawrence Wthirty-fifth. Crawford. Hamer, Thomas L.—twenty-third, twenty-fourth, twenty-fifth, thirtieth: Brown. Hamilton, Cornelius S.—fortieth. Union. Hamlin, Edward S.—twenty-eighth. Lorain. Harding, J. Eugene—sixtieth. Butler. Hare, Darius Dodge—fifty-second, fifty-third. Wyandot. Harlan, Aaron—thirty-third, thirty-fourth, thirty-fifth. Greene. Harper; Alexander—twenty-fifth, twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth, thirty-second. Muskingum. Harris, Stephen D.—fifty-fourth. Crawford. Harrison, John Scott—thirty-third, thirty-fourth. Hamilton. Harrison, Richard A.—thirty-seventh. Madison. Harrison, William Henry--fourteenth, fifteenth. Hamilton. Hart, Alphonso—forty-eighth. Highland. Harter, Michael D.—fifty-second, fifty-third. Richland. Hastings, John- twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh. Columbiana. Hayes, Rutherford B.—thirty-ninth, fortieth. Hamilton. Haynes, William E.—fifty-first, fifty-second. Sandusky. Heintz, Victor—sixty-fifth. Hamilton. Helmick, William—thirty-sixth. Tuscarawas. Herrick, Samuel—fifteenth, sixteenth. Muskingum. Hildebrant, Charles Q.—fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth. Clinton. Hill, William D.—forty-sixth, forty-eighth, forty-ninth Defiance. Himes, Joseph H.—sixty-seventh. Stark. Hitchcock, Peter—fifteenth. Geauga. Hoag, Truman—forty-first. Lucas. 826 - HISTORY OF OHIO Hoagland, Moses—thirty-first. Holmes. Hollingsworth, David A.—sixty-first, sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth. Harrison. Horton, Valentine B.—thirty-fourth, thirty-fifth, thirty-seventh. Meigs. Houk, George W.—fifty-second, fifty-third. Montgomery. Howard, William—thirty-sixth. Clermont. Howell, Elias—twenty-fourth. Licking. Howland, Paul—sixtieth, sixty-first, sixty-second. Cuyahoga. Hubbell, James R.—thirty-ninth. Delaware. Hulick, George W.—fifty-third, fifty-fourth. Clermont. Hunter, William H.—twenty-fifth. Huron. Hunter, William F.—thirty-first, thirty-second. Huron. Hurd, Frank H.—forty-fourth, forty-sixth, forty-eighth. Lucas. Hutchins, John—thirty-sixth, thirty-seventh. Trumbull. Hutchins, Wells A.—thirty-eighth. Scioto. Ikirt, George P.—fifty-third. Columbiana. Irwin, William W.—twenty-first, twenty-second. Fairfield. Jackson, Amos H.—fifty-eighth. Sandusky. Jenkins, Thomas A.—sixty-ninth. Lawrence. Jennings, David—nineteenth. Belmont. Jewett, Hugh J.—forty-third. Franklin. Johnson, Adna R.—sixty-first. Lawrence. Johnson, Harvey H.—thirty-third. Ashland. Johnson, John—thirty-second. Coshocton. Johnson, Perley B.—twenty-eighth. Morgan. Johnson, Tom L.—fifty-second, fifty-third. Cuyahoga. Johnson, William—thirty-eighth. Richland. Jones, Benjamin—twenty-third, twenty-fourth. Wayne. Jones, John S.—forty-fifth. Delaware. Jordan, Isaac M.—forty-eighth. Hamilton. Joyce, James—sixty-first. Guernsey. Kearns, Charles C.—sixty-fourth; sixty-fifth, sixty-sixth, sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth. Clermont. Keifer, J. Warren—forty-fifth, forty-sixth, forty-seventh, forty-eighth, fifty-ninth, sixtieth, sixty-first. Clark. Kennedy, James—fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, sixtieth, sixty-first. Mahoning. Kennedy, Robert P.—fiftieth, fifty-first. Logan. Kennon, William—twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-fourth. Belmont. Kennon, William, Jr.—thirtieth. Belmont. Kerr, Winfield Scott—fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth. Richland. Key, John A.—sixty-third, sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth. Marion. Kilbourne, James—thirteenth, fourteenth. Franklin. Kilgore, Daniel—twenty-third, twenty-fourth, twenty-fifth. Harrison. Knight, Charles L.—sixty-seventh. Summit. Kyle, Thomas B.—fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth. Miami. Lahm, Samuel—thirtieth. Stark. Lamison, Charles N.—forty-second, forty-third. Allen. Laning, J. Ford—sixtieth. Huron. Lawrence, William—thirty-fifth. Guernsey. Lawrence, William—thirty-ninth, fortieth, forty-first, forty-third, forty. fourth. Logan. Layton, Fernando C.—fifty-second, fifty-third, fifty-fourth. Auglaize. Leadbetter, Daniel F.—twenty-fifth, twenty-sixth. Holmes. Leavitt, Humphrey H.—twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third. Jefferson. LeBlond, Francis C.—thirty-eighth, thirty-ninth. Mercer. Leedom, John P.—forty-seventh. Adams. LeFevre, Benjamin — forty-sixth, forty-seventh, forty-eighth, forty-ninth. Shelby. Leiter, Benjamin F.—thirty-fourth, thirty-fifth. Stark. Lentz, John J.—fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth. Franklin. EMINENT OHIOANS - 827 Lindsley, William D.—thirty-third. Erie. Little, John—forty-ninth. Greene. Long, Alexander—thirty-eighth. Hamilton. Longworth, Nicholas—fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, sixtieth, sixty-first, sixty-second, sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth, sixty-sixth, sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth. Hamilton. Loomis, Andrew W.—twenty-fifth. Columbiana. Lybrand, Archibald—fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth. Delaware. Lytle, Robert T.—twenty-third. Hamilton. Marshall, George A.—fifty-fifth. Shelby. Martin, Charles D.—thirty-sixth. Fairfield. Mason, Samson — twenty-fourth, twenty-fifth, twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh. Clark. Mathiot, Joshua—twenty-seventh. Licking. Matthews, James—twenty-seventh, twenty-eighth. Coshocton. Matthews, Nelson E.—sixty-fourth. Putnam. McArthur, Duncan—thirteenth, eighteenth. Ross. McDowell, John A.—fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth. Holmes. McDowell, Joseph J.—twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth. Highland. McCauslin, William—twenty-eighth. Jefferson. McClure, Addison H.—forty-seventh, fifty-fourth. Wayne. McCormick, John W.—forty-eighth. Gallia. McCullough, Roscoe C.—sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth, sixty-sixth. Stark. McKinley, William, Jr.—forty-fifth, forty-sixth, forty-seventh, forty-eighth, fiftieth, fifty-first. Stark. McKinney, John F.—thirty-eighth, forty-second. Miami. McLean, John—thirteenth, fourteenth. Warren. McLean, William—eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth. Miami. McLene, Jeremiah—twenty-third, twenty-fourth. Franklin. McMahon, John A. — forty-fourth, forty-fifth, forty-sixth. Montgomery. McSweeney, John—sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth. Wayne. Medill, William—twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh. Fairfield. Meekison, David—fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth. Henry. Miller, John K.—thirtieth, thirty-first. Knox. Miller, Joseph—thirty-fifth. Ross. Mitchell, Robert—twenty-third. Muskingum. Monroe, James — forty-second, forty-third, forty-fourth, forty-fifth, forty-sixth. Lorain. Mooney, William C.—sixty-fourth, sixty-sixth, sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth. Monroe. Moore, C. Ellis — sixty-sixth, sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth. Guernsey. Moore, Eliakim H.—forty-first. Athens. Moore, Heman A.—twenty-eighth. Franklin. Moore, Oscar F.—thirty-fourth. Scioto. Morey, Henry L.—forty-seventh, forty-eighth, fifty-first. Butler. Morgan, George W.—fortieth, forty-first, forty-second. Knox. Morgan, Stephen—fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth. Jackson. Morgan, William. M.—sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth. Licking. Morris, Calvary -twenty-fifth, twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh. Athens. Morris, James R.—thirty-seventh, thirty-eighth. Monroe. Morris, Jonathan D.—thirtieth, thirty-first. Clermont. Morris, Joseph—twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth. Monroe. Morrow, Jeremiah—eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh. Warren. Mott, Richard—thirty-fourth, thirty-fifth. Lucas. Mouser, Grant E.—fifty-ninth, sixtieth. Marion. Muhlenburg, Francis—twentieth. Pickaway. Mungen, William—fortieth, forty-first. Hancock. 828 - HISTORY OF OHIO Murphy, Frank — sixty-sixth, sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth. Jefferson. Murray, Robert Maynard—forty-eighth. Miami. Neal, Henry S.—forty-fifth, forty-sixth, forty-seventh. Lawrence. Neal, Lawrence T.—forty-third, forty-fourth. Ross. Nevin, Robert M.—fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth. Montgomery. Newton, Eben—thirty-second. Mahoning. Nicholas, Matthias H.—thirty-third, thirty-fourth, thirty-fifth. Allen. Noble, Warren P.—thirty-seventh, thirty-eighth. Seneca. Northway, Stephen A.—fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth. Ashtabula. Norton, James A.—fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh. Seneca. Norton, Miner G.—sixty-seventh. Cuyahoga. Nugen, Robert H.—thirty-seventh. Tuscarawas. Ohliger, Lewis P.—fifty-second. Wayne. Olds, Edson B.—thirty-first, thirty-second, thirty-third. Pickaway. O'Neill, John—thirty-eighth. Muskingum: Outhwaite, Joseph H. — forty-ninth, fiftieth, fifty-first, fifty-second, fifty-third. Franklin.  Overmyer, Arthur W.—sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth. Sandusky. Owens, James W.—fifty-first, fifty-second. Licking. Paige, David R.—forty-eighth. Summit. Parsons, Richard C.—forty-third. Cuyahoga. Parrish, Isaac—twenty-sixth, twenty-ninth. Guernsey: Patterson, John—eighteenth. Belmont. Patterson, William—twenty-third, twenty-fourth. Richland. Pattison, John M.—fifty-second. Clermont. Payne, Henry B.—forty-fourth. Cuyahoga. Pearson, Albert J.—fifty-second, fifty-third. Monroe. Peck, Erasmus D.—forty-first, forty-second. Wood. Pendleton, George H.—thirty-fifth, thirty-sixth, thirty-seventh, thirty-eighth. Hamilton. Pendleton, Nathaniel G.—twenty-seventh. Hamilton. Perrill, Augustus L.—twenty-ninth. Pickaway. Perry, Aaron F.—forty-second. Hamilton. Phillips, Fremont O.—fifty-sixth. Medina. Plants, Tobias—thirty-ninth, fortieth. Meigs. Poppleton, Early F.—forty-fourth. Delaware. Post, James D.—sixty-second, sixty-third. Fayette. Potter, Emory D.—twenty-eighth, thirty-first. Lucas. Pugsley, Jacob J.—fiftieth, fifty-first. Highland. Rice, Americus V.—forty-fourth, forty-fifth. Putnam. Richards, James A. D.—fifty-third. Tuscarawas. Richey, Thomas—thirtieth, thirty-third. Lucas. Ricketts, Edwin D.—sixty-fourth, sixty-sixth, sixty-seventh.- Hocking. Riddle, Albert G.—thirty-seventh. Cuyahoga. Ridgway, Joseph—twenty-fifth, twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh. Franklin. Ritchie, Byron F.—fifty-third. Lucas. Ritchie, James M.—forty-seventh. Lucas. Robinson, James—forty-seventh, forty-eighth. Hardin. Robinson, James W.—forty-third. Union. Romeis, Jacob—forty-ninth, fiftieth. Lucas. Root, Joseph M.—twenty-ninth, thirtieth, thirty-first. Huron. Ross, Thomas R.—sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth. Warren. Russell, J. Edward—sixty-fourth. Shelby. Russell, William — twentieth, twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-seventh. Adams. Sapp, William R.—thirty-third, thirty-fourth. Knox. Savage, John S.—forty-fourth. Clinton. Sawyer, William—twenty-ninth, thirtieth. Mercer. Sayler, Milton—forty-third, forty-fourth, forty-fifth. Hamilton. EMINENT OHIOANS - 829 Schenck, Robert C.—twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth, thirtieth, thirty-first, thirty-eighth, thirty-ninth, fortieth, forty-first. Montgomery. Schultz, Emanuel—forty-seventh. Montgomery. Scroggy, Thomas E.—fifty-ninth. Greene. Seney, George E.—forty-eighth, forty-ninth, fiftieth. Seneca. Shannon, Thomas—nineteenth. Belmont. Shannon, Wilson—thirty-third. Belmont. Sharp, William G.—sixty-first, sixty-second, sixty-third. Lorain. Shattuc, William B.—fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh. Hamilton. Shellabarger, Samuel—thirty-seventh, thirty-ninth, fortieth, forty-second. Clark. Sheplar, Matthias—twenty-fifth. Stark. Sherman, John—thirty-fourth, thirty-fifth, thirty-sixth, thirty-seventh. Richland. Sherwood, Isaac R.—forty-third, Williams ; sixtieth, sixty-first, sixty-second, sixty-third, sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth, sixty-sixth, sixty-eighth. Lucas. Shields, James—twenty-first. Butler. Skiles, William W.—fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth. Richland. Sloan, John—sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth. Wayne. Sloane, Jonathan--twenty-third, twenty-fourth. Portage. Smith, John A.—forty-first, forty-second. Highland. Smith, John Q.—forty-third. Clinton. Smyser, Martin L.— fifty-first, fifty-ninth. Wayne. Snook, John S.—fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, sixty-fifth. Paulding. Sorg, Paul J.—fifty-third, fifty-fourth. Butler. Southard, James H.—fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth. Lucas. Southard, Milton I.—forty-third, forty-fourth, forty-fifth. Muskingum. Spalding, Rufus P.—thirty-eighth, thirty-ninth, fortieth. Cuyahoga. Spangler, David—twenty-third, twenty-fourth. Coshocton. Speaks, John C.—sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth. Franklin. Spink, Cyrus—thirty-sixth. Wayne. Sprague, William P.—forty-second, forty-third. Morgan. Stanbery, William—twenty-first, twenty-second. Licking. Stanton, Benjamin — thirty-second, thirty-fourth, thirty-fifth, thirty-sixth. Logan. Starkweather, David—twenty-sixth, twenty-ninth. Stark. Stephens, Ambrose E. B.—sixty-sixth, sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth. Hamilton. Stevenson, Job E.—forty-first, forty-second. Hamilton. St. John, Henry--twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth. Seneca. Stokely, Samuel—twenty-seventh. Jefferson. Stone, Alfred P.—twenty-eighth. Franklin. Storer, Bellamy—twenty-fourth. Hamilton. Storer, Bellamy—fifty-second, fifty-third. Hamilton. Strader, Peter W.—forty-second. Hamilton. Strong, Luther M.—fifty-third, fifty-fourth. Hardin. Stuart, Andrew—thirty-third. Jefferson. Swearingen, Henry—twenty-fifth, twenty-sixth. Jefferson. Sweetzer, Charles—thirty-first, thirty-second. Delaware. Sweney, George—twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh. Crawford. Switzer, Robert M.—sixty-second, sixty-third, sixty-fourth, sixty-fifth. Gallia. Taft, Charles P.—fifty-fourth. Hamilton. Tayler, Robert W.—fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh. Mahoning. Taylor, Edward L., Jr.—fifty-ninth, sixtieth, sixty-first, sixty-second. Franklin. 830 - HISTORY OF OHIO Taylor, Ezra B.—forty-seventh, forty-eighth, forty-ninth, fiftieth, fifty-first, fifty-second. Trumbull. Taylor, Isaac H.—forty-ninth. Carroll. Taylor, John L.—thirtieth, thirty-first, thirty-second, thirty-third. Ross. Taylor, Jonathan—twenty-sixth. Licking. Taylor, Vincent A.—fifty-second. Cuyahoga. Theaker, Thomas C.—thirty-sixth. Belmont. Thomas, William A. — fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, sixtieth, sixty-first. Trumbull. Thompson, Albert C.—forty-ninth, fiftieth, fifty-first. Scioto. Thompson, Charles J.—sixty-sixth, sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth. Defiance. Thompson, John—nineteenth. Ross. Thompson, John — twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third, twenty-fourth. Columbiana. Thurman, Allen G.—twenty-ninth. Ross. Tilden, Daniel R.—twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth. Portage. Tompkins, Cydnor B.—thirty-fifth, thirty-sixth. Morgan. Tompkins, Emmett—fifty-seventh. Franklin. Tou Velle, William E.—sixtieth, sixty-first. Mercer. Townsend, Amos—forty-fifth, forty-sixth, forty-seventh. Cuyahoga. Townshend, Norton S.—thirty-second. Lorain. Trimble, Carey A.—thirty-sixth, thirty-seventh. Ross. Underwood, Mell G.—sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth. Perry. Updegraff, Jonathan—forty-sixth, forty-seventh. Jefferson. Upson, William H.—forty-first, forty-second. Summit. Vallandigham, Clement L. — thirty-fifth, thirty-sixth, thirty-seventh. Montgomery. Vance, John L.—forty-fourth. Gallia. Vance, Joseph—seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth, twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third, twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth. Champaign. Van Meter, John I.—twenty-eighth. Pike. Van Trump, Philadelph—fortieth, forty-first, forty-second. Fairfield. Van Voorhis, Henry C.—fifty-third, fifty-fourth, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth. Muskingum. Van Vorhes, Nelson H.—forty-fourth, forty-fifth. Athens. Vinton, Samuel F.—eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth, twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third, twenty-fourth, twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth, thirtieth, thirty-first. Gallia. Wade, Edward — thirty-third, thirty-fourth, thirty-fifth, thirty-sixth. Cuyahoga. Wallace, Jonathan H.—forty-seventh. Columbiana. Walling, Ansel T.—forty-fourth. Pickaway Warner, Adoniram J.—forty-sixth, forty-eighth, forty-ninth. Washington. Warnock, William R.—fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth. Champaign. Warren, Gard.—sixty-third. Hamilton. Warwick, John G.—fifty-second. Stark. Watson, Cooper K.—thirty-fourth. Seneca. Watson, David K.—fifty-fourth. Franklin. Weaver, Walter L.—fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth. Clark. Webber, Amos R.—fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth. Lorain. Webster, Taylor—twenty-third, twenty-fourth. Butler. Weems, Capell W.—fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, sixtieth. Belmont. Welch, John—thirty-second. Athens. Welker, Martin—thirty-ninth, fortieth, forty-first. Wayne. Weller, John B.—twenty-sixth, twenty-seventh, twenty-eighth. Butler. Welty, Benjamin F.—sixty-fifth, sixty-sixth. Allen. Whitacre, John J.—sixty-second, sixty-third. Stark. White, Clinton A.—thirty-seventh, thirty-eighth. Brown. EMINENT OHIOANS - 831 White, George—sixty-second, sixty-third, sixty-fifth. Washington. White, Joseph W.—thirty-eighth. Guernsey. White, William J.—fifty-third. Cuyahoga. Whittlesey, Elisha—eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth, twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third, twenty-fourth, twenty-fifth. Trumbull. Whittlesey, William A.—thirty-first. Washington. Wickham, Charles P.—fiftieth, fifty-first. Huron. Wilkins, Beriah—forty-eighth, forty-ninth, fiftieth. Tuscarawas. Williams, Elihu S.—fiftieth, fifty-first. Miami. Williams, Seward H.—sixty-fourth. Lorain. Willis, Frank B.—sixty-second, sixty-third. Hardin. Wilson, George W.—fifty-third, fifty-fourth. Madison. Wilson, John T.—fortieth, forty-first, forty-second. Adams. Wilson, William—eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth. Licking. Winans, James J.—forty-first. Greene. Wood, Amos E.—thirty-first. Sandusky. Woods, John—nineteenth, twentieth. Butler. Woodworth, Laurin D.—forty-third, forty-fourth. Mahoning. Worcester, Samuel T.—thirty-seventh. Huron. Wright, John C.—seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth. Jefferson. Yoder, Samuel S.—fiftieth, fifty-first. Allen. Young, Thomas L.—forty-sixth, forty-seventh. Hamilton. OVER THE RADIO OHIO 1 BY CYRUS LOCHER Director of Commerce Administration Division State Securities Department Ohio is a cross-section of the country. It is known as the most representative in the sisterhood of states. The history of Ohio is a record of progress, prosperity and happiness. Ohio is an agricultural state and an industrial state. Ohio has a population of 7,000,000 people. Ohio has a tax duplicate of $12,500,000,000. Ohio has 80 cities. Ohio has 30,000 domestic and foreign corporations authorized to do business in the State. There are 94 steam railroads ; 85 street railroads ; 217 electric light companies ; 117 gas companies and 495 telephone companies--1134 public utilities in Ohio. Ohio has 950 savings and loan associations, with assets of $850,000,000. Ohio has 1,110 state and national banks, with combined assets of $2,750,000,000. -Eight hundred and forty, insurance companies' do business in Ohio and the people of the state paid $215,000,000. in premiums last year. Ohio has 40,730 square miles of land and only 4% lies waste. Ohio owns 30,000 acres of inland lakes. 1 - This contribution was caught over the radio, and the author consented to its publication. If anything has been omitted in the foregoing pages, it has without doubt been included in this comprehensive view of the state. by one eminently qualified to speak with authority. While round numbers have been used in several instances, this summary, because of that fact, loses none of its interest to the general reader. It may well be presented as the conclusion of this volume. 832 - HISTORY OF OHIO The harbor in Cleveland is more important from The standpoint of tonnage, than Liverpool. Ohio has 2,283 mining enterprises and 16,125 manufacturing establishments and 250,000 farms. The products of the mines and the factories and the. mills, and the crops and products of the farms in Ohio, amount to $6,000,000,000 per year. Akron alone in 1920 produced rubber tires worth $550,000,000. There are 85,500 miles of roads in Ohio, 12,500 miles of which are brick or concrete, and 24,500 miles of secondary construction. Ohio has 3,400 druggists, 3,500 -dentists, and 7,500 physicians and 5,000 lawyers licensed by the state. Ohio has 1,000 newspapers, 14,000 restaurants, 1,700 hotels and 1,200 moving picture theatres. Ohio has more than a million automobiles, more than a million telephones, more than a million gas connections, more than a million horses, more than two million cattle, more than two million hogs and more than a million and a half of sheep. Ohio produces annually 10,000,000 pounds o f wool, 30,000,000 pounds of butter and 100,000,000 dozen of eggs. Ohio has 1,500,000 working men protected by the Workmen's Compensation Law. Ohio has 10,618 churches. Ohio has 10,000 school buildings and employs 40,000 school teachers to teach the youth of the state. Ohio has school property valued at $140,000,000 and spends $120,000,000 for public education annually. Ohio has 93 colleges and normal schools and 30,000 young men and women attend these institutions of higher learning. Ohio's climate produces a rugged healthy manhood and womanhood. The things that these figures represent are the factors that make Ohio. These are the things that determine the value of real estate regardless where the real estate is situated. Land is valuable in proportion to its earning capacity—in comforts, customers or what the soil produces. Investments and moderate efforts in Ohio do not yield fabulous returns, but opportunities for safe investments and honest effort are in abundance everywhere in Ohio. Ohio never booms ; Ohio grows. Ohio has been a potent factor in conquering the west and .in the developing of other states. It is estimated that 750,000 men and women that have contributed in the development of other states were born in Ohio. As other states develop, the industries of Ohio expand because we make a thousand and one things that we sell to other states and countries. States and countries are developed not by exploitation and inflation but by investment and honest work. States are developed not by booms but by growth. Ohio always has offered and offers now countless rewards for honest investments and honest effort. Ohio offers honest men and women a living and a good a place to live.