1896	1906
College of Agriculture   College of Arts   College of Engineering   College of Law   College of Pharmacy   College of Veterinary Medicine	41 381 286 100 46 14	310 589 787 162 55 117

For the year 1922-1923, the fiftieth year of the university's service, the colleges, with the enrollment in each, were as follows :

Graduate School College of Agriculture Applied Optics College of Arts College of Commerce and Journalism College of Dentistry College of Education College of Engineering College of Law College of Medicine College of Pharmacy College of Veterinary Medicine

488 1,019 43 2,999 608 173 1,004 1,408 238 313 281 83

In 1873, at the opening of the college, the faculty numbered seven. In 1882 there were sixteen members of thiuniversity,s892, at the opening of the new era in the university's progress, as previously noted, the faculty membership increased to sixty-seven. At successive ten-year periods the numerical strength of the faculty was : 1902, 138 ; 1912, 263 ; and in 1923, fifty years from the beginning, the number was 673. In his last annual report President Thompson stated the number of professors, assistant professors and instructors as 553, besides the minor assistants on the teaching staff. In September, 1900, the registration of students at the beginning fall term for the first time exceeded 1,000. The total annual enrollment had passed the 1,000 mark for the year ending in 1897. The net enrollment for the year ending in 1925 was 11,535, while the enrollment for the ordinary academic year, not including the summer quarter, was 9,923. In this student body every county of the state was represented, and 58 other states and countries were also represenScott,s The student enrollment to the close of President Scott's administration has already been given. The figures for the successive years (ending June 30) completing the record for the first half century of the university are as follows : 476 - HISTORY OF OHIO

1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925

969 1,019 1,150 1,124 1,252 1,465 1,516 1,717 1,803 1,835 2,157 2,277 2,686 3,050 3,275 3,439 3,928 3,969 4,435 5,332 5,822 6,188 5,150 5,825 7,817 8,313 8,850 9,495 10,488 11,535

On the retirement of Doctor Thompson November 5, 1925, the executive administration of the university devolved upon George W. Rightmire, as acting president. Professor Rightmire for some years has held a chair in the college of law, and is both an able and popular figure in university circles. MIAMI UNIVERSITY Miami University, Oxford, Butler County, is one of Ohio's earliest educational institutions. Immediately after the adoption of the Ordinance of 1787, Congress adopted the report of a committee which provided that the board of treasury should be authorized to sell to any person or persons a grant of land, lying to the north of the Ohio River. Then came John Cleves Symmes with a petition for a grant of land between the two Miami Rivers. Originally, the wording allowed him to purchase 1,000,000 acres, but was modified later, allowing only such as he might be able to pay for upon receiving his patent. In this grant one full township was reserved for the support of an institution of learning. In the disposal of these lands it was found not possible to reserve the particular township designated, but Congress, at suggestion of Hon. John Randolph, substituted another township in that land district. Lebanon, Warren County, was first selected by a committee and the report signed by Alexander Campbell and James Kilbourne. The fact that the third member had not met with the committee gave rise to a legal point and later the location selected was in Oxford Township, Butler County. Now that the title had been made clear and perfect, the Legislature, in 1809, passed an act creating "the president and trustees of Miami University." In 1818 Rev. James R. Hughes, under direction of the trustees, opened a grammar school. In 1820 contracts were made for erecting EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 477 the central portion of the first building. The first class of twelve men was graduated in 1826, two years after the institution had opened. The university lands were leased for ninety-nine years at 6 per cent per annum on their value. The university was placed under charge of twenty-seven trustees appointed by the governor. For a century it has stood as a consistent, high grade small college of the classical type. For want of funds the trustees were forced to close its doors in 1873, but in 1885 it was reopened. Between 1873 and 1885 it was leased for private schools and the funds allowed to increase. The state made an appropriation in 1885 to repair the buildings, and continued to appropriate until 1896 when a levy was provided for the permanent support of the university. In 1902 Ohio established a normal school at Oxford, under control of the trustees of Miami University. In 1896 coeducation was adopted there, but prior to that date a limited number of women had enrolled. The alumni of the institution include men who have gone forth to attain eminence in the public service and other fields of honorable endeavor. Among the graduates are Benjamin Harrison, President of the United States ; William Dennison and Andrew L. Harris, governors of Ohio ; Whitelaw Reid, journalist and diplomat ; James Birney, foreign minister ; Robert C. Schenck, Civil war general and member of Congress. Five years ago there were 55 instructors, 789 students (full year course) and 1,154 summer students. The grounds and buildings at late appraisement were valued at $900,000; library contains 46,000 volumes ; annual state aid, $200,000 ; total income, from tuition, productive fund and state aid, $250,000. Miami University for the year ending June 30, 1924, reported to the state superintendent of public instruction a total of 1,556 students ; number of graduates in history of school, 4,118; value of property, including investments, $2,200,000. The presidents have served in the following order : Robert Hamilton Bishop, D. D., president, 1824-1841 ; George Dunkin, D. D., president, 1841-1844 ; John McArthur, president pro tempore, 1844-1845 ; Erasmus D. McMaster, D. D., LL. D., president, 1845-1849; William C. Anderson, D. D., president, 1849-1854; Orange Nash Stoddard, president pro tempore, 1854 ; John W. Hall, D. D., president, 1854-1866 ; Robert Livingston Stanton, D. D., president, 1866-1871; Andrew Dousa Hepburn, D. D., LL. D., president, 18711873. Robert White McFarland, D. D., president, 1885-1888 ; Ethelbert Dudley Warfield, D. D., LL. D., president, 1888-1891 ; William Oxley Thompson, D. D., LL. D., president, 1891-1899; William Jasper McSureley, D. D., persident pro tempore, 1899; David Stanton Tappan, D. D., LL. D., president, 1899, 1902 ; Guy Potter Benton, D. D., LL. D., president, 1902-1911 ; Edgar Ewing Brandon, Univ. D., acting president, 1909-1910 ; Raymond Mollyneaux Hughes, M. S., president, 1911_____. OHIO UNIVERSITY As this is the oldest educational institution of the Northwest Territory and the first established on lands granted by authority of the Congress of the United States, it may be worth while to understand definitely when and how and why this grant was made. This is doubly important, because of mistakes that have crept into published accounts of the origin of this venerable and successful institution in which Ohioans have an especial interest. It has been stated that it was "founded by the ordinance of 1787" and that "the great Daniel Webster said of the ordinance establishing the Ohio University, 'We are accustomed to praise the lawgivers of antiquity ; we help to perpetuate the fame of Solon and Lycurgus, but I doubt whether a single 478 - HISTORY OF OHIO law of any lawgiver, ancient or modern, has produced effects of more distinct, marked and lasting character than the ordinance of 1787.' " Another writer tells us in speaking of the university, "The ordinance providing for its existence was passed by Congress, acting under the `Articles of Confederation' July 13, 1787." In regard to these statements it may be observed that the eloquent Daniel Webster never said anything about the "ordinance establishing Ohio University" and that the ordinance adopted under the "Articles of Confederation," July 13, 1787, contains no reference to this or any other university. The great ordinance adopted July 13, 1787, to which Webster paid eloquent tribute in his debate with Hayne, was the ordinance "for the government of the territory of the United States northwest of the River Ohio." The measure by which a reservation of land was made "for the purpose of an university" was simply an order to the Board of Treasury by the Continental Congress to close a contract for the sale of land to Manasseh Cutler and Winthrop Sargeant for the Ohio Company. This action was taken July 23, 1787, ten days after the adoption of the ordinance for the government of the Northwest Territory. The contract between the Board of Treasury on behalf of the United States Government and by Cutler and Sargeant on behalf of the Ohio Company was dated October 27, 1787, and provided for the reservation of "two complete townships to be given perpetually for the purposes of an university, to be laid off by the said parties of the second part, their heirs or assigns, as near the center as may be, so the same shall be of good land, to be applied to the intended object in such manner as the legislature of the state wherein the said townships shall fall, or may be situated, shall or may think proper to direct." The "center" refers to the center of the Ohio Company's purchase. The legal history of this university is explained very fully and accurately in a volume compiled by William E. Peters, of the Athens bar, and published in a Bulletin of the university in 1910. The reservation of the two townships for the university was made because of the insistence and persistence of Manasseh Cutler, who would not purchase lands for the Ohio Company until this provision was inserted satisfactorily in the contract. After the purchase was made his interest in the project continued and he outlined a plan for the creation, policy and administration of the institution. He may therefore very properly be called the "father of Ohio University." Ohio University now includes the College of Liberal Arts, the State Normal College, the Commercial College, College of Music, the Department of Electrical Engineering, the Department of Civil and Mining Engineering, the Department of Drawing and Painting, and the State Preparatory School. Among the notable men of our state and nation who were educated at Ohio University were Thomas Ewing, the first graduate, -eminent jurist and statesman ; Samuel Sullivan ("Sunset") Cox, the wit. humorist and interesting author and political writer ; also Hon. John Brough, a well known journalist who became governor of Ohio, and scores of worthy alumni in many walks of life. When first established, this institution was named in the Territorial act creating it, "American Western University." In 1804 it was changed to "Ohio University." The total number of degree graduates up to 1922 was 905 men and 314 women, or a total of 1,219. The enrollment for the year 1924 was 1,696, of which number 900 were in the College of Liberal Arts and 796 in the College of Education. The summer school enrolled 1,384 students. There were 1,227 in extension classes the first semester and 975 in the second. There are fifteen buildings on the ground, including the president's residence, library, woman's dormitory and greenhouse. The university owns lands worth $541,000, and the entire plant is valued at $2,225,000. EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 479 The expenditures for all purposes during the year amounted to $575,894.50. Following is a list of presidents, with the term which each has served : Rev. Jacob Lindley, 1802-22 ; Rev. James Irvine, 1822-24 ; Rev. Robert G. Wilson, D. D., 1824-39 ; Rev. William H. McGuffey, D. D., 1839-43 ; Rev. Alfred Ryors, D. D., 1848-52 ; Rev. Solomon Howard, D. D., 1852-72 ; Rev. William H. Scott, 1872-83 ; Charles W. Super, Ph.D., LL.D., 1883-96 ; Rev. Isaac Crook, D. D., LL.D., 1896-98 ; Charles W. Super, Ph.D., LL.D., 1899-01; Alston Ellis, Ph.D., LL.D., 1901-20; Elmer Burritt Bryan, LL.D., L. H. D., 1921, still serving as the president (1925). WILBERFORCE UNIVERSITY This institution is at Xenia and was founded in 1856, by the African Methodist Episcopal Church. It has collegiate, normal, law, theology and commercial departments. Women are admitted on equal terms with men. The student attendance in 1917 was 455, and the number of members of the faculty 39. Wilberforce University for the year ending June 30, 1924, reported to the state superintendent of public instruction a total enrollment of 544 students ; value of property, including investments, $624,928.71. The presidents of this institution have been as follows : D. A. Payne. 1853-1876 ; later elected bishop; B. F. Lee, 1876-1884 ; later elected bishop; S. T. Mitchell, 1884-1890; J. H. Jones, 1900-1908, now bishop ; W. S. Scarborough, 1908-1920, an author ; J. A. Gregg, 1920-1924, now bishop in Africa ; G. H. Jones, elected in 1924, is still president. BOWLING GREEN STATE NORMAL COLLEGE Bowling Green State Normal College is located near the center of the Northwestern Ohio Normal School District, in a beautiful and healthful location within a prosperous business city and also surrounded by one of the state's most productive agricultural sections. This is one of the two normal schools provided for in Ohio by the legislative act of the 1910 General Assembly. One was located at Kent and the other at Bowling Green. June 30, 1911, the board of trustees appointed by the governor organized, and February 16, 1912, elected a president for the new college, and at the same time a general building plan was agreed upon. In 1913 the Legislature appropriated $41,000, which with the amount appropriated for the original buildings made a total cost of $191,000. A woman's dormitory was next erected at a cost of $218,000. In 1915, $100,000 was appropriated for a training school building, and in 1919, $48,083 was given for the completion of this building. In 1921 provision was made for a second dormitory for women, costing $150,000. The college opened September 15, 1914, with a faculty of fifteen members, and the following year it was increased to twenty-four members. Bowling Green State Normal College for the year ending June 30, 1924, reported to the state superintendent of public instruction a total of 158 students ; value of property, including investments, $1,080,786.19. The figures for enrollment taken from the official sources just quoted are not indicative of the real service of the institution, since they probably do not take account of the large number of students enrolled for the three summer sessions. The summary of attendance given in the official bulletin of the school for the year 1922-1923 showed nearly 1,600 enrolled for the summer terms, while the net total number of different students enrolled for the year was reported as 1,710. The only president of this institution is Homer 13. Williams, who was elected in 1912 and is still (1925) serving. 480 - HISTORY OF OHIO KENT STATE NORMAL COLLEGE Kent State Normal College is situated almost in the center of the Northeastern Ohio Normal School District, in Portage County. It has a campus of eighty-five acres, beautifully situated, commanding as it does a view of the charming valley of the Cuyahoga River. Kent is on the Erie, the Wheeling & Lake Erie, and the Baltimore & Ohio railroads ; also has branches of the Pennsylvania and other lines of transportation. This institution was established by an act of the Ohio Legislature approved May 19, 1910. The purpose of the school as set forth in Section I of the Act of the General Assembly of 1910 is : "that the normal school system of the State of Ohio, created and established by chapter ten of the General Code, be extended by the creation of two additional state normal schools, to be so located as to afford the best opportunity possible for all the people to obtain the benefits and advantages to be derived from teachers trained both theoretically and practically." The State Normal, then, is a special school intended solely to prepare teachers for the public schools of Ohio. The state, soon after the passage of the above act, commenced and in due time completed, the excellent buildings for this institution. The graduates from 1914 to 1923 included 149 men and 1,470 women or a total of 1,619. Kent State Normal College for the year ending June 30, 1924, reported to the state superintendent of public instruction a total of 742 students ; number of graduates in history of school, 2,013 ; value of property including investments, $1,220,000.00. The board of trustees comprises five members. The college has had only one president, John E. McGilvrey. TOLEDO UNIVERSITY The original name of this institution was "Toledo University of Arts and Trades." It had its inception in 1872 in a gift of 160 acres of land by Jessup W. Scott and his wife, Susan Scott. The estimated value of this property was $80,000. In 1874, after the death of Jessup W. Scott, his widow and their three sons carried out his known wishes by executing a joint conveyance to the trustees of the university of real property in the city estimated to be worth $50,000. The first school was opened in Raymond Hall, City of Toledo. Here for a number of years it was conducted as a separate school. In 1884 the trustees of the university made a tender of the property to the City of Toledo, conditioned on the assumption of the trust by the municipality. The city accepted the property and trust and shortly afterward established the "Toledo University." A manual training school was inaugurated and a tax levied for its support. A wing was erected for the university on one end of the high school building. This wing was formally opened with ceremonies at an educational convention December 4 and 5, 1885. The school in this wing for a number of years was known as the Scott Manual Training School. Later the trustees decided to establish a "real university," in accordance with the evident desire of the original donors. Later the board of education purchased the building occupied by the Manual Training School and deeded another building for the use of the university. The first appropriation for support by the municipality was $2,500, granted in 1909. The appropriations have increased. The support received from all sources for the year 1924 was $218,720. For the year ending June 30, 1924, the number of students enrolled in the degree courses was 469. The entire enrollment, including the late afternoon and evening sessions and the summer school, was approximately 2,000. The value of property, including investments, was reported for the same year as $806,100.00. EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 481 Jerome H. Raymond was president of Toledo University during 1909 to August, 1910. Charles A. Cockayne was appointed acting president in 1910, was elected president July 3, 1911, and served until June, 1914. In September, 1914, A. Monroe Stowe became acting president, and was elected president in the summer of 1915, holding that office nearly ten years. Recently he was succeeded by John D. Dowd, pioneer advocate of industrial education and for many years superintendent of the Toledo city schools. CASE SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCE This institution was founded in 1880, in compliance with a deed of trust provided for in the will of Leonard Case of Cleveland, the same being dated February 24, 1877, which instrument called for the founding of a school of applied sciences to be named for the founder and to be located in the City of Cleveland. In this college were to be taught mathematics, physics, engineering, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, chemistry, economic geology, mining, natural history, drawing, modern languages and such other studies as the wisdom of the trustees elect. Mr. Case, the liberal benefactor, passed from earthly scenes January 6, 1880, after which steps were taken to incorporate. Instruction commenced in 1881 at the Cass homestead, and there continued until the new buildings were completed in 1885. Since then numerous buildings have been added to the original structures. Twenty years ago there were 500 students in attendance at this thoroughly modern college. Here scientific and technical degrees are awarded the graduates. The two presidents of this school have been Dr. Cady Staley, 1886-1902 ; Dr. Charles Sumner Howe, who was elected in 1902, is still (1925) serving. Case School of Applied Science for the year ending June 30, 1924, reported to the state superintendent of public instruction a total enrollment of 563 students ; number of graduates in history of school, 2,200 ; value of property, including investments, $4,509,316.28. ANTIOCH COLLEGE In the latest catalog of Antioch College is an interesting statement of the purposes and policies that are guiding that institution today under the administration of Arthur E. Morgan, president : "Horace Mann in his inaugural address as first president of Antioch in 1853 expressed what was then a novel and revolutionary concept of the American college. To him a college was not only the home of scholarship and a school for the learned professions, but a place for training all the latent qualities, physical, intellectual and spiritual, of both men and women. Thwarted at every turn by sectarian interference, he died at Antioch in 1859 with his dream unfulfilled ; but he left behind a tradition and an influence which the new Antioch holds as a precious inheritance. "For half a century after the death of Horace Mann, Antioch continued as a small liberal college, similar in aims and methods to other small colleges in the central states. In 1920 Arthur E. Morgan was elected president. After spending a year in preparing a complete reorganization of the purposes and methods of the institution, he assumed active control in 1921. The aim of this reorganization is actually to give expression, in terms of today's needs, to the purposes of philosophy of Horace Mann." Admissions for the year 1924-1925 were limited to 500 students. The ultimate limitation of enrollment is 600. The detailed announcement of the new Antioch program concludes as follows : 482 - HISTORY OF OHIO "The final measure of accomplishment for the college is the success attained in turning out students whose preparation has laid the basis for productive service. No paper program will accomplish the result, but only the spirit with which the college is imbued. The chief hope of the trustees is to make this result possible, a hope which the completion of the third year of operation under the new regime has brought nearer to realization. "Presidents of Antioch College : Horace Mann, 1853-1859 ; Thomas Hill, 1859-1862 ; Austin Craig, 1862-1866 ; George W. Hosmer, 18661872 ; Edward Orton, 1872-1873 ; Samuel C. Derby, acting president, 1873-1876 ; John B. Weston, acting president, 1876-1877 ; Samuel C. Derby, 1877-1881; 0. J. Wait, 1882-1883 ; Daniel A. Long, 1883-1899 ; William A. Bell, 1899-1902; Stephen F. Weston, dean, 1902-1906; Simeon D. Fess, 1906-1916; George D. Black, acting president, 1916- 1919 ; William M. Dawson, acting president, 1919-1921; Arthur E. Morgan, 1921  ASHLAND UNIVERSITY What is commonly known as Ashland College was really legally incorporated as "Ashland University," but for obvious reasons it has been for years called "College." It was founded by the Dunkards, or German Baptist denomination. There never was great harmony jn the church as to how these schools should be conducted, and in 1881 there was a general disagreement. Ashland College had been chartered in February, 1878. After the division, one wing of the church came to the relief of the school and chartered Ashland University, in July, 1888. The government is by a board of twelve trustees. Collegiate, preparatory, normal, commercial and musical departments are provided for. The buildings include Founders' Hall, the heating plant, physical laboratories, the gymnasium, dormitories, hospital rooms, and library. The training at Ashland is frankly Christian, but not sectarian. The normal department is fully recognized by the Department of Public Instruction of the State of Ohio for the training of elementary teachers, and the College of Arts and Sciences for training of high school teachers, so that those who graduate from the college and who have taken the work in education will be certified without examination. Ashland College for the year ending June 30, 1924, reported to the state superintendent of public instruction a total of 298 students ; value of property, including investments, $648,837.00. The presidents of Ashland College, together with the dates which they served, are as follows : Rev. C. Z. Sharp, 1878-1880 ; Rev. R. H. Miller, 1880-1882 ; J. H. Stubbs, LL. D., 1882-1888 ; D. C. Christner, D. D., 1888-1894; S. S. Garst, M. D., 1894-1895; J. M. Tombaugh, D. D., 1895-1898; J. Allen Miller, D. D., 1898-1906; J. L. Gillen, Ph. D., 1906-1911; W. D. Furry, Ph. D., 1911-1917; E. E. Jacobs, Ph. D., 1917, still serving in 1925. THE BALDWIN-WALLACE UNIVERSITY Hon. John Baldwin, who came to Berea a poor man, but was fortunate in that he purchased land there underlaid with stone from which a superior quality of grindstones could be made, and was liberal enough to donate lands, buildings and an endowment to found this institution of learning. A seminary had been in operation at Norwalk. Mr. Baldwin proposed to move that school to Berea and offered fifty acres of land, including most of his grind-stone quarry. He also promised to erect a large building to be ready to use in the fall of 1845. In June, 1845, he offered fifty town lots to be sold and their proceeds used as an endowment fund. Thus it was possible to charter Baldwin EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 483 Institute in 1845. Ten years later the name was changed by the conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church to Baldwin University. In 1858 a German department was organized with a view of meeting the requirements of the German Methodists. In 1863 it was organized as a separate institution and named German Wallace College, in honor of Hon. James Wallace, who donated the first building. The two work together well. For years tuition in one gave full rights in the other. The same instructors taught the languages in both schools. The growth of this college or university has been slow on account of the Methodists having several denominational schools in Ohio. Yet it serves well the purpose which its founders had in view. The chairman or presidents have included the following : Principals of Baldwin Institute, 1846-1855—Holden Dwight, A. M., 1846-47 ; Alfred Holbrook (acting) ,1847 ; Rev. Lorenzo Warner, 184748 ; Rev. William L. Harris, 1848-51; Rev. Owen T. Reeves, A. B., 1851; G. M. Barber (acting), 1851-52 ; G. M. Barber, A. M., 1852-53 ; Rev. Alex Nelson, A. M., 1853-55. Presidents of Baldwin University, 1855-1913—Rev. John Wheeler, D. D., 1855-70 ; Rev. William D. Godman, D. D., 1870-75 ; Rev. Aaron Schuyler, Ph.D., LL.D, 1875-85 ; Rev. William Kepler, Ph.D. (acting), 1885-86 ; Rev. Joseph E. Stubbs, D. D., 1886-93 ; Rev. Millard F. Warner, M. D., D. D., 1893-1900 (v. pres. 1890-93) ; Rev. R. M. Freshwater, D. D., 1900-03; Rev. G. A. Reeder, D. D. (chancellor), 1903-04 ; Rev. Geo. B. Rogers, A. M., 1904-07 ; Rev. Robert L. Waggoner, A. M., 1907-10 ; Rev. G. A. Reeder, D. D., 1910-13. Presidents of German Wallace College, 1864-1913—Rev. Wm. Nast, D. D., 1864-93 ; Rev. Carl Riemenschneider, Ph.D., D. D., LL.D., 1893-08 (v. pres. 1880-93) ; Rev. E. S. Havighorse, D. D., 1908-10 ; Rev. Arthur L. Breslich, Ph.D. (acting), 1910-11; Rev. Arthur L. Breslich, Ph.D., 1911-13. Presidents of Baldwin-Wallace College, 1913—Rev. Arthur L. Breslich, Ph.D., 1913-18 ; Rev. Albert B. Storms, A. M., D. D., LL.D, 1918. BLUFFTON COLLEGE This institution is situated at Bluffton, Allen County, Ohio. It was founded in 1900 as Central Mennonite College. As early as 1894 the matter of establishing such a school was urged by the Mennonites in their annual conference. Finally matters materialized and the cornerstone of a college was laid June 19, 1900, and October 31st, the same year, the building was dedicated. It commenced with only twenty students. The first year only academic, normal, musical and commercial departments were conducted. In January, 1914, Central Mennonite College was transformed into the larger Bluffton College and Mennonite Seminary. On July 6, 1921, Mennonite Seminary was incorporated under the name of Witmarsum Theological Seminary, and is governed by its own board representing six branches of Mennonites. This seminary is located on the campus and is closely affiliated with Bluffton College. The location of the college is indeed ideal. The campus, consisting of thirty-seven acres, is well covered with native timber, such as elm, oak, beech, buckeye and maple. Among the buildings are College Hall, College Chapel, Science Hall, Roop Hall, Lincoln Hall, Seminary Hall, Seminary Dormitory, gymnasium, laboratories and library. Special advantages are offered in musical training. Provision is made for lecture courses and concerts. In these students have the opportunity to hear the best talent of the country. Bluffton College for the year ending June 30, 1924, reported to the state superintendent of public instruction a total enrollment of 232 students ; value of property, including investments, $591,798.23. 484 - HISTORY OF OHIO Bluffton College has had only two presidents—N. C. Hirschy, Ph. D., who served from 1900 to 1908 ; S. K. Mosiman, Ph. D., Litt. D., who has served from 1908, and is still serving (1925). CAPITAL UNIVERSITY Broadly speaking, Capital University, comprising its four departments, the Academy, the College of Liberal Arts, the School of Music, and the Theological Seminary, aims to serve the cause of Christian citizenship by the inculcation of Christian culture. This university is really the lineal descendant of the German Evangelical Lutheran Seminary, founded in 1830, by the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Ohio, and incorporated January 30, 1834. Prior to this time this denomination had but two other seminaries in the country—one at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and one in Otsego County, New York. In 1828, Rev. William Schmidt, a graduate of Halle, Germany, began in his own house in Canton, Ohio, the instruction of six students. The following year the board of management was elected. In 1831 the seminary was moved to Columbus, where fourteen acres south of the city had been secured. In 1833 the first building was so far completed that it was occupied. This was the home of the institution until 1850, when a new location on the north side of the city was secured for what was then incorporated as "Capital University." The act of incorporation provided also that the seminary should become a part of the university. Thus it will be understood that Capital University began in 1850 as a literary and theological institution, and was under the patronage of the same church as the seminary had been. It remained at the corner of Goodale and High streets until 1876, when it was removed to its present site in Bexley, one of the finest suburbs in Columbus, on a tract of seventeen acres, on East Main Street. In 1853 the new building near Goodale Park was dedicated. The dedicatory address was delivered by William H. Seward, later secretary of state under President Lincoln. Only recently has the copy of this address been discovered, and it is now a highly prized item in the archives of the university. There are at present fourteen buildings on the campus. The largest and oldest is the dormitory, erected in 1876, and twice rebuilt, the last time in 1921. The university owns three residences on the campus, in which members of the faculty reside. The university offers the following courses : Arts, scientific, normal, arts-agriculture, arts-medical, arts-law, arts-engineering, music, theological and academy. While the university is not, as yet, provided with dormitories for women, at the same time it is a coeducational institution and a number of women students are now in attendance. The university has an endowment of $260,000 ; total income is now $82,000 ; the buildings are valued at $400,000 ; grounds at $100,000; total enrollment in 1924, 310 ; number in the faculty, 38. Capital University for the year ending June 30, 1924, reported to the state superintendent of public instruction the value of its property, including investments, $937,468.00. The presidents of the institution, beginning with 1850, have been as follows : Rev. W. M. Reynolds, D. D., 1850-1854; Rev. C. Spielmann, 1854-1857; Rev. W. F. Lehmann, 1857-1880; Rev. M. Loy, D. D., 1881-1890; Rev. C. H. L. Schuette, D. D., 1890-1894; Rev. F. W. Stellhorn, D. D., 1894-1900; Rev. F. W. Stellhorn, D. D., acting president, 1900-1901; Rev. L. H. Schuh, Ph. D., 1901-1912; Rev. R. C. H. Lenski, A. M., president pro tern, 1912-1913 ; Rev. Otto Mees, A. B., 1913_____. EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 485 CEDARVILLE COLLEGE At Cedarville, Greene County, is located Cedarville College, which was the result of the thought and liberality of William Gibson of Cincinnati, who provided in his will that $25,000 be given to found a college at Cedarville. In 1885, during a session of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, Rev. David Steele offered a resolution to found a college or other literary institution there. The resolution was adopted and in January, 1887, the college was chartered by the state. An effort to raise funds was made and money was subscribed amounting to $10,000, after which little was done until 1894, when the General Synod elected Rev. David McKinney, D. D., of Cincinnati, the first president. The following summer the college was opened with thirty-seven students. During 1895 a good building was erected, which was dedicated in May, 1896. Before ten years had passed, the number of students was over 100. This is the only college of this denomination in America. It is determined to confine itself to the faithful work of a small college, with the special idea of emphasizing the importance of Christianity. The students come very largely from the families of the home congregation and immediate vicinity. Cedarville College for the year ending June 30, 1924, reported to the state superintendent of public instruction a total enrollment of 107 students ; number of graduates in history of school, 277; value of property, including investments, $365,000. The presidents of this institution have served as follows : Rev. David McKinney, from 1894 to 1915, or for a period of twenty-one years ; Rev. Wilbert R. McChesney, from 1915 to the present time-1925. Andrew Carnegie gave $11,695 toward the handsome library of this college, which is now combined with the public library of Cedarville. THE COLLEGE OF WOOSTER What is known as the College of Wooster was incorporated as "The University of Wooster." It was organized under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church and received its charter in 1866 ; opened in 1870 ; its name changed in 1914 from "University of Wooster" to "The College of Wooster." This educational institution has always stood for the best in its scholarship grades. It belongs to the North Central Association of Colleges. Its campus includes 100 beautiful acres of land overlooking the City of Wooster, Wayne County. Its buildings include twelve modern equipped structures. Buildings, grounds and endowments are valued at $2,00,000. The faculty numbers forty-one persons and its alumni has long ago reached the 2,000 mark. In 1866 the synods of Ohio, Cincinnati and Sandusky united in an action founding the University of Wooster. The exact date of the charter was December 18, 1866. When the union of the old and new schools of the Presbyterian Church was effected in 1870, the then existing synods were consolidated into the four synods of Cincinnati, Columbus, Cleveland and Toledo. Soon after a charter had been obtained money was pledged and the work progressed. The cornerstone in the first of the buildings was laid in 1868. The school opened in September, 1870, and six persons graduated from the class in 1871. The legal title of the property is vested in the Ohio Synod of the Presbyterian Church. As set forth in the charter the object of the institution is : "the promotion of sound learning and education under religious influences." At the first meeting of the board of trustees the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : "Resolved, that we enter upon the work of establishing the University of Wooster with the single purpose of 486 - HISTORY OF OHIO glorifying God and promoting sanctified education, and thus furthering the interests of the Church and its extension over the whole earth." In October, 1870, a medical department was opened in Cleveland and continued until 1896. A preparatory department was opened in 1872. The graduate school was established in September, 1881, but was discontinued about 1906. The musical department was organized in 1882 and the school of art in 1895. A great trial came to the institution, for on December 11, 1901, the original and main building was burned. While it was looked upon as a great calamity, within one year to a day from the fire, $400,000 had been raised and five splendid buildings had been completed, making one of the most complete college plants to be found in the Central West. Enrollment for the year ending June, 1924: Collegiate course, 808 ; conservatory of music, 220; summer session, 57. Graduates in history of institution, 2,698. Total value of property, $2,722,961. The following have served as presidents of this institution : Rev. Willis Lord, D. D., 1870-73 ; Rev. Archibald Alexander Edward Taylor, D. D., LL.D., 1873-83 ; Rev. Sylvester Fithian Scovel, D. D., LL.D., 1883-99 ; Rev. Louis Edward Holden, D. D., LL.D., 1899-1915 ; John Campbell White, LL.D., 1915-19; Rev. Charles Frederick Wishart, D. D., LL.D., 1919 to the present (1925). DEFIANCE COLLEGE This institution dates back to 1884. However, the Legislature on March 23, 1850, granted a charter to the "Defiance Female Seminary." Articles of the Defiance College were filed July 10, 1903, and the fourteenth annual catalogue announced in 1901-1902 that it was chartered by the Legislature March 23, 1850 ; but the buildings were erected in 1884. A reorganization took place in 1896. Twenty years ago it was stated that fourteen persons constituted the faculty. The institution is non-sectarian. It is usually understood to be under the patronage of the Christian denomination. Scientific, philosophical and theological courses are offered. Pedagogy, commerce, shorthand, music, oratory and art are also taught. Defiance College for the year ending June 30, 1924, reported to the state superintendent of public instruction a total enrollment of 319 students ; value of property, including investments, $828,398.26. In 1903 this institution was fully reorganized and since then has been presided over by two presidents, the first being Peter Wesley McReynolds from 1902 to 1917 ; and the present president Albert Garfield Caris, since 1917. DENISON UNIVERSITY What was known as the Ohio Baptist Education Society was organized in 1816 for the purpose of founding a college and aiding in the education of the ministry. Rev. Thomas G. Jones, a leader in the movement, subsequently became identified with the college established at Granville. In 1830 at Lebanon was organized another Ohio Baptist Education Society, with purposes similar to the earlier society, which had survived only a few years. At a meeting of the society in May, 1831, it was decided to establish a college at Granville, partly because that village was at almost the geographical center of the state, and also because Granville offered as a site a farm valued at $3,400. On December 13, 1831, the Granville Literary and Theological Institution was opened, with thirty-seven students, ranging in age from eight to thirty-seven years. Among the early provisions was one requiring each student to work at agriculture or some mechanic art four hours a day for five days a week. This early introduction of a manual EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 487 labor feature failed and was abandoned. John Pratt, the first president, was also the only member of the faculty for a time. He and the two presidents that followed him were graduates of Brown University. The first classes were taught in the Baptist Church. Fire destroyed the buildings on the f atm just as they were nearing completion in 1832, but Granville citizens. and other friends supplied funds to meet the emergency caused by this loss, and other buildings were soon in progress. The school had a hard struggle to keep alive following the panic of 1837. In 1845 the name was changed to Granville College. In 1853, when the fortunes of the college were at their lowest point, Jeremiah Hall became president, carried out a successful campaign for raising $50,000, and in 1855 the present magnificent campus on the hill overlooking the village was purchased, the college being removed from the original location on the farm southwest of town. William S. Denison contributed $10,000 to the institution about this time, and on June 25, 1856, the name was changed to Denison University. The first real endowment, amounting to $100,000, was secured during the presidency of Samson Talbot. Charles Sawyer, one of the first trustees of the Granville Literary and Theological Institution, erected in the village a building designed to provide quarters for a school for girls. During the winter of 18321833 the Granville Female Seminary was conducted there, and in February, 1835, the school was incorporated under that name. For about twenty years it was under the control of the Episcopal Church. Later the property was acquired by the Baptists and in 1859 Dr. N. S. Burton started a girls' school, known as the Young Ladies' Institute. Dr. Marsena Stone was the head of this school until 1868, when he was succeeded by Dr. Daniel Shepardson, whose name is one of the most distinguished in the history of higher education of women in the Middle West. Before he retired he turned over the school to the Baptist Church, and in 1887 the Young Ladies' Institute became Shepardson College. In June, 1900, an arrangement was made whereby the membership of the board of trustees of Denison University and Shepardson College are identical, though Shepardson College still maintains its legal existence. "Coeducation came to this institution by a new route—not coordination, not affiliation, but by cooperation." Denison University has a beautiful location, a thoroughly adequate "physical plant," a library administered by modern methods, and in present standards and efficiency, as well as in traditions, it ranks with the very best of Ohio colleges. Denison University for the year ending June 30, 1924, reported to the state superintendent of public instruction a total enrollment of 878 students ; number of graduates in history of school, 1,886; value of property, including investments, $3,117,553. The presidents of Denison University from its founding have been : Rev. John Pratt, 1831-1837; Rev. Jonathan Going, 1837-1845 ; Rev. Silas Bailey, 1846-1852 ; Rev. Jeremiah Hall, 1853-1863 ; Rev. Sampson Talbot, 1863-1873; E. Benjamin Andrews, 1875-1879; Dr. Alfred Owen, 1879-1886; Dr. Galusha Anderson, 1887-1889; Dr. Daniel B. Purinton, 1890-1901; Dr. Emory W. Hunt, January, 1902-June, 1913 ; Clark W. Chamberlain, 1913-1925. FINDLAY COLLEGE Findlay College was incorporated January 28, 1882, and organized by authority of the Church of God. Its aim was to furnish education that should not be sectarian, yet under the influence of the church, regardless of sex, race or color. In 1915 it reported 531 students and 19 instructors. The library contains more than 7,000 volumes. Prior to 1897 this college had many struggles, but it finally succeeded, and 488 - HISTORY OF OHIO twenty years ago had more than $100,000 endowment fund. The college has a faculty of fifteen members and maintains collegiate, preparatory, normal, music, commercial, Oratorical, art and theological departments. The property belongs to the church and is governed by fifteen trustees. Findlay College for the year ending June 30, 1924, reported to the state superintendent of public instruction a total of 136 students ; value of property, including investments, $432,535. The presidents of this college have been as follows : John R. H. Latchaw, 1884-1893 ; William N. Yates, 1893-1895 ; Charles T. Fox, 1895-1896; Charles Manchester, 1896-1903 ; C. I. Brown, 1903-1913 ; William Harris Guyer, 1913—still serving in 1925. HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY A special meeting of the Ohio Synod of the Reformed Church in the early part of 1850 decided to establish a college, and accepted the offer of a site about six miles from Circleville in Pickaway County. The name "Tarleton College" was given to the literary department. Dissatisfaction at once arose over what was regarded as premature action, and at the annual meeting of the synod September 26, 1850, it was resolved to change the location to Tiffin in Seneca County. The sum of about $11,000 had been offered on condition that Tiffin be chosen as the location, and the following December a tract of five acres was purchased for the original campus. The same session of the synod which changed the location also gave the institution the name "Heidelberg," partly in honor of the great German university, and partly in honor of the name by which the catechism of the Reformed Church has been known for over three centuries. The college was formally opened in rented quarters at Tiffin November 18, 1850, with seven students. During the first year the enrollment in the five courses offered was 149. The cornerstone of the main building was laid May 13, 1852. In the three-quarters of a century since the founding many material extensions have been made. The campus now contains twenty acres, and there are now ten or more buildings around the first or main building, most of them erected during the last thirty years. The first board of trustees secured the incorporation of Heidelberg College February 13, 1851. The articles of incorporation were amended in 1890 changing the name to Heidelberg University and enlarging the scope of the institution accordingly. As now constituted the university includes the college of liberal arts, the department of education, the department of public speaking, the conservatory of music, and the art department. Heidelberg University for the year ending June 30, 1924, reported to the state superintendent of public instruction a total of 345 students ; number of graduates in history of school, 1,201 ; value of property, including investments, $1,282,638. The presidents of the college have been : E. V. Gerhart, 18501855 ; Moses Kiefer, 1855-1863 ; George W. Aughenbaugh, 1863-1864 ; George W. Williard, 1866-1890; J. A. Peters, 1891-1902; Charles E. Miller, 1902 to 1925. HIRAM COLLEGE Alexander Campbell, founder of the Christian or Disciples Church, established the first college for that denomination in Bethany, Virginia, now West Virginia, in 1840. The Western Reserve had a large number of that religious faith and, in 1849, at a yearly meeting held at the home of A. L. Soule, in Russell, Geauga County, June 12, the matter of providing a college for their people was discussed. Rival locations competed for the site of the proposed college. While visiting EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 489 at Hiram, the delegation had their attention called to the springs and other attractions of the beautiful location. On the thirteenth vote Hiram won the coveted prize. Before adjourning, December 20, 1849, the name "Western Reserve Eclectic Institute" was chosen by the delegates and the institution is so designated in the original act of incorporation. The charter was approved by the Legislature March 1, 1850. The first building was erected in 1850, and the first session of school began November 27 of that year. The charter states that the object was to be "instruction of youth of both sexes in the various branches of literature and science, especially of moral science as based on the facts and precepts of the Holy Scriptures." Another more specific aim was later stated as follows : "To provide a sound scientific and literary education." The institute opened with eighty-four students and the number soon increased to 300. February 20, 1867, the name was changed to Hiram College and the work of the college dates from August 31, 1867. It will be remembered that from 1852-53 James A. Garfield, later our martyred President, was a professor there and its president from 1857-61. This college is on a firm financial footing and has graduated a large number of persons who have made the most of their talents as developed by master minds in this institution. In 1917 their year book shows 266 students, twenty instructors, a library of 13,500 volumes. The organization owns six buildings devoted to college purposes ; has a fine dormitory and museum. The presidents have been (known as Western Reserve Eclectic Institute down to 1867) : A. S. Hayden, 1850-57 ; James A. Garfield, 1857-61; H. W. Everest, 1861-64; C. W. Heywood, 1864; A. J. Thompson, 1865; J. M. Atwater, 1866; A. E. Shepard (Hiram College), 1867 ; J. M. Atwater, 1868-70 ; B. A. Hinsdale, 1870-82 ; B. S. Dean, 1882 ; G. H. Laughlin, 1883-87 ; Colman Bancroft, 1887; E. V. Zollars, 1888-1902 ; J. A. Beattie, 1902-03 ; E. B. Wakefield, 1903-05 ; C. C. Rowlinson, 1905-07; Miner Lee Bates, 1907, still president in 1925. KENYON COLLEGE Among the strictly denominational colleges in Ohio, Kenyon, located at that beauty spot, Gambier, Knox County, was the pioneer. It is an Episcopal institution and was founded by the Rt. Rev. Philander Chase, first bishop of Ohio, in the Protestant. Episcopal Church. January 29, 1824, the first incorporation was dated, and the name was "The Theological Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio." In August, 1891, the corporate name became "Kenyon College." It now embraces, really, three independent corporations. The departments are Theological, Collegiate and Preparatory (Kenyon Military Academy). Bishop Chase, armed with letters from Henry Clay to Lord Gambier, went to England, met many notable men and women and returned with $30,000 in the fall of 1824. The preparatory school was opened on the bishop's estate at Worthington, near Columbus. But the purchase of 8,000 acres of land in Knox County caused the selection of a site there, where the land was bought at $2.25 per acre. The little village was named Gambier, while the college was known as Kenyon. The college now has ten substantial buildings. Old Kenyon was built in 1827. United States Senator Marcus A. Hanna liberally donated funds for the erection, in 1901, of Hanna Hall, a dormitory. In 1917 the endowment fund amounted to $520,000; at that date there were enrolled 150 students and 19 instructors ; the library contained 40,000 volumes. Among other distinguished men who graduated at Kenyon, may be named ex-President Rutherford B. Hayes, Edwin M. Stanton, David Davis, Stanley Matthews and Henry Winter Davis. 490 - HISTORY OF OHIO This has never been a coeducational institution, but Gambier Village has what is known as Harcourt Seminary for the education of young ladies. Kenyon College for the year ending June 30, 1924, reported to the state superintendent of public instruction a total of 250 students ; number of graduates in history of school, 890; value of property, including investments, $2,317,704. The presidents of Kenyon have been as follows : Philander Chase, 1825-1831; Charles Petit Mcllvaine, 1831-1840; David Bates Douglass, 1840-1844; Samuel Fuller, 1844-1845; Sherlock H. Bronson, 1845- 1850 ; Thomas M. Smith, 1850-1854 ; Lorin Andrews, 1854-1861; Benjamin Lang, 1861-1863; Charles Short, 1863-1867; James Kent Stone, 1867-1868; Eli T. Tappan, 1868-1875; Edward Benson, 1875-1876; William B. Bodine, 1876-1891; Theodore Sterling, 1891-1896; William Foster Peirce, 1896—still serving as president in 1925. LAKE ERIE COLLEGE What was known as Lake Erie College and Seminary, located at Painesville, Lake County, Ohio, was founded in 1847. Lake Erie College and Seminary was the successor to Lake Erie Female Seminary, and this in turn is successor to Willoughby Female Seminary, founded at Willoughby, in 1847. The seminary was conducted for nine years at Willoughby and it was under direction of Mount Holyoke graduates and prospered well during its existence. The trustees finally decided to move to Painesville and this was accomplished, and it was incorporated there in 1856 on a 14-acre tract 11/2 miles west of the town. Their building at Willoughby was destroyed by fire in 1856. The present corporation is a close one, with full power to perpetuate itself. The original scheme was followed out systematically until 1898, when the seminary changed its name to correspond to the work then undertaken and then became a college with power to grant the usual collegiate degrees. This, as is the case with all colleges of its type, has for its aim to furnish separate education for women of a great equal to that offered in the standard colleges of the land. During the years from its organization to 1905 there had been enrolled almost four thousand students and since then the number has, of course, been greatly increased. The number of graduates to date has been about eight hundred. The presidents of the seminary were : Lydia A. Sessions, 1859-66 : Anna C. Edwards, 1866-68; Mary Evans, 1868-98. President of Lake Erie College and Seminary : Mary Evans, 1898-1908. Presidents of Lake Erie College : Mary Evans, 1898-1909 ; Vivian B. Small, 1909. MARIETTA COLLEGE Marietta was settled largely by New Englanders who insisted that their children be provided with good schools and colleges, such as their Eastern homes had been provided with, when they were young men and young women. Nothing less than a liberal, classical education would satisfy the pioneer band at Marietta—the first place to be settled in the great Northwest Territory. April 29, 1797, the citizens of the place met and planned the establishment of Muskingum Academy, which stood on Front Street, north of the Congregational Church. For twenty-five years classics and higher branches were taught there. David Putnam, grandson of Gen. Israel Putnam, and a Yale graduate, was the first preceptor. In later years came Marietta College as a descendant of this academy. In 1830 Rev. Luther G. Bingham established the Institute for Education. It embraced four departments, the two higher being known as the "High School" and the "Ladies' Seminary." EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 491 In November, 1832, "Marietta Collegiate Institute and Western Teachers' Seminary" was organized and obtained its charter December 17, 1832. In January, 1833, the trustees of the Collegiate Institute accepted the terms of transfer to them of the property of the Institute of Education. In October, 1833, the institute was opened in a large new building on the college campus. The charter being defective, was repealed and in 1835 a new one granted by the state gave full powers to confer degrees. The name was also changed to one much shorter—"Marietta College." The college was founded in the interests of religious as well as secular education. The trustees promptly after their organization made the following announcement : "The Board wish it distinctly understood that the essential doctrines and duties of the Christian religion will be assiduously inculcated, but no secretarian peculiarities of belief will be taught." This rule has ever been kept. The institution is distinctly non-sectarian. From time to time, as necessity demanded, new buildings have been provided. In 1890, the stock company owning the Astronomical Observatory conveyed the property over to the college. The library, which in 1838 had only 3,000 volumes, in 1885 had 33,000. In 1922 it contained 76,000 volumes and 30,000 additional pamphlets. This institution now has a preparatory department, called the Marietta Academy, and courses are provided for work in music, art and military service. Marietta College for the year ending June 30, 1924, reported to the state superintendent of public instruction a total of 307 students ; value of property, including investments, $1,598,225.90. The following have served as presidents of Marietta College : Joel Harvey Linsley, D. D., 1835-1846 ; Henry Smith, D. D., LL. D., 18461855 ; Israel Ward Andrews, D. D., LL. D., 1855-1885 ; john Eaton, Ph. D., LL. D., 1885-1891 ; John Wilson Simpson, D. D., LL. D., 1892-1896 ; Alfred Tyler Perry, D. D., 1900-1912 ; George Wheeler Hinman, 1913-1917; Edward Smith Parsons, L. H. D., 1919 MOUNT UNION COLLEGE This college had an humble beginning in 1846, through the efforts of Rev. O. N. Hartshorn, who started a school with only six students in small quarters, but great faith in the future of the school. A charter was granted March 11, 1858, in which appeared the following statement of some of the purposes of founding the school at that time : "To found for the people a cosmic college, where any person may economically obtain a thorough, illustrative, integral instruction in any needed studies ; to enable any persons of either sex to take any general course, or a special or elective course, of such a study or studies in any department or course, and for such a time as their choice and life-character may need ; to make the college a voluntary, representative, patriotic, philanthropic, Christian and progressive institution—not compulsory, secretarian, antiquated, arbitrary or partial. Under these principles the school began its history. Thousands of students have attended Mount Union, and many have made good records in the various professions and callings among their fellowmen. From 1864 it was largely under the patronage of the Methodist Episcopal Church, more especially of the East Ohio, the Erie, the West Virginia and North Ohio conferences. The supporters in the early days of the institution included men like Lewis and Jacob Miller, of Akron and Canton ; William McKinley, Jr. ; Bishops Haven, Simpson, Warren and Vincent. As early as 1850 the college organized a normal department, but in these later years .the organization includes the collegiate department, the academic, the normal, oratory, and physical culture ; also commercial 492 - HISTORY OF OHIO department, music, and fine arts. Students have attended here from many parts of the Union, but chiefly from Ohio, West Virginia and Western Pennsylvania. Net enrollment (1924), 665 ; in collegiate department, 481. Total number of college graduates in the history of the institution, 1,893. In September, 1911, Scio College, located at Scio, Ohio, was united with Mount Union College and the alumni of the former were made the alumni of the latter institution. Scio College had been organized as "The Rural Seminary," at Harlem Springs, Ohio, in 1857, and moved to New Market, now Scio, in 1866, where it was known for a time as "New Market College." Later it was known as "The One-Study University," and finally assumed the name of Scio College in 1878. Mount Union College, from its origin as a select school, admitted both men and women as students on an exact equality. Mount Union College is located in Alliance, a city elsewhere described in this work. The campus is two miles distant from the business and manufacturing sections of the city at an elevation of about one hundred and eighty feet above the Mahoning River and about twelve hundred feet above the sea level. Important additional facts concerning this college : As to Buildings and Grounds.—The Seminary Building was provided in 1851; Chapman Hall, dedicated December 1, 1864 ; Miller Hall, 1866 ; Conservatory Hall, 1888 ; Morgan Gymnasium, 1891; New Athletic Field, constructed 1913 Elliott Hall, 1913 ; Lamborn Science Hall, 1914 ; Founders and Columbian parks, 1914 ; concrete grand stand, 1915 Miller Hall, rebuilt, 1918 ; campus, parked and improved, 1919-20 ; Uretta Place, 1921 ; president's new home, 1922 ; Clarke Astronomical Observatory, 1924. As to Standards—Admission to "The Ohio College Association," 1891; admission to "The Ohio Athletic Conference," 1913 ; admission to "The North Central Association of Colleges," 1913 ; admission to "Group A" of "The University Senate," 1914; admission to "Association of American Colleges," 1914. There is now held by the trustees of Mount Union College in its endowment and other permanent funds, the sum of approximately $650,000. Most of these funds are invested in loans secured by first mortgages on real estate, while part is in the form of stocks, bonds, etc. Dr. Isaac Taylor Headland, author, traveler, lecturer and honored alumnus of Mount Union College, after naming prominent men in the church who have been identified with his alma mater, and naming Philander C. Knox and Bishop John W. Hamilton among his graduates adds : " 'Who's Who' in America presents a fairly good list of his more or less famous sons in all departments of life." Following is a list of the presidents of this institution, together with the time each served : Rev. Orville Nelson Hartshorn, 1846-87 ; Rev. Tamberlane Pliny Marsh, 1888-98 ; Rev. Albert Birdsall Ricker, 1898-1908; Rev. William Henry McMaster, 1908, and still serving as president in 1925. These presidents were all titled as A. M., D. D., except the first name who was an A. M., LL. D. MUNICIPAL UNIVERSITY OF AKRON This institution had its inception in 1867, when the Universalist State Convention of Ohio adopted a report looking to the founding of a seminary. In 1868 it was decided to perfect those plans made in 1867, which were to found an academy, but in 1869 this action was reconsidered and it was decided to organize a college. A hoard met February, 1870, in Columbus to fix upon the location and Akron was selected, provided $60,000 could be raised for this purpose. In the month of May this was secured. Soon afterward was organized "Buchtel EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 493 College," named after Hon. John R. Buchtel, whose gifts had made the founding possible. A board of eighteen members, known as trustees, were appointed. The cornerstone of a college structure was laid July 4, 1871, and the principal address was made by Horace Greeley. September 22, 1872, Rev. S. H. McCollester was inaugurated as first president of the college. The first year began with 217 students. From the beginning this school was co-educational. This college maintained collegiate and academic courses with a school of music and one of art. The success which attended this educational enterprise led Mr. Buchtel to make additional gifts in money and in real estate. In 1889 a fire swept away many of the buildings, but new ones soon took their place. The college was conducted, as above stated, until 1913, when it became a free university, as today. The Municipal University of Akron was created by an ordinance of the Akron City Council, passed on August 25 1913. This ordinance accepted in behalf of the city the offer of the trustees of Buchtel College to give to the city the entire plant and endowment of the college as the nucleus to a municipal university, the council promising in behalf of the city to support properly the new institution thus created. After the transfer of property had been completed by President Kolbe and Secretary Olin for the trustees of Buchtel College, Mayor Rockwell on December 15, 1913, together with City Solicitor Taylor accepted the deeds of transfer in behalf of the city and appointed nine citizens of Akron as members of the board of directors of the Municipal University of Akron. By terms of the transfer to the City of Akron, provision was made that Buchtel College retain its name and identity as Buchtel College of Liberal Arts of the Municipal University. Its presidents have been : (Buchtel College) : S. H. McCollester, 1872-78 ; E. L. Rexford, 1878-80 ; Orello Cone, 1880-96 ; C. M. Knight, 1896-97; I. A. Priest, 1897-1901 ; A. B. Church, 1901-12; P. R. Kolbe, 1913, and is still serving as president of the newly organized university, under control and maintained by the City of Akron. That the students come from all denominations is evidenced by the class of 1913, which shows that those who expressed "no choice of church" numbered 57 ; Methodist, 22 ; Universalist, 16 ; Congregational, 15 ; Episcopal, 13 ; Catholic, 12 ; Reformed, 11 ; Lutheran, 9 ; Disciples, 8 ; Presbyterian, 6 ; Baptist, 3 . Christian, 3 ; Jewish, 2 ; United Brethren, 2 ; Christian Science, 1. Total registration, first year, was 180. Enrollment in 1923, 899. MUSKINGUM COLLEGE This college is located at New Concord, Muskingum County, and founded by the Presbyterian and United Presbyterian denominations in 1837, when colleges were not as numerous as today. The community around New Concord was generally composed of Scotch and Scotch-Irish Presbyterians. It was to be a school for the education of both men and women. The preliminary work out of the way, and on March 18, 1837, the college was incorporated with a board of nine trustees and power to increase to fifteen. At first the buildings for college work were rented and this so continued until a new charter was obtained and the Presbyterian Church took control. The college was to be under direction of the Presbytery of Mansfield and the Muskingum Presbytery. In 1883 the United Presbyterian Synod of Ohio took formal control. At first, probably the first year or so, only men were admitted as students, but in 1854 it is certain that both sexes were admitted on equal terms as today. Notwithstanding the World war, this institution in 1918 had 760 students and thirty professors and instructors. Their library contained 7,500 volumes. The presidents have been as follows : Rev. B. Waddle, D. D., 1837- 494 - HISTORY OF OHIO 38 ; Rev. S. Wilson, 1838-46 ; Rev. D. A. Wallace, D. D., LL. D., 184648 ; Rev. John Milligan, 1848-49 ; Rev. S. G. Irvine, D. D., 1849-51; Rev. S. McArthur, 1851-55 ; Rev. B. Waddle, D. D., 1855-58 ; Rev. J. P. Lytle, D. D. (pro tern), 1859-61; Rev. H. P. McClurkin, D. D (pro tem), 1859-61; Rev. L. B. Shyrock, 1861-64; Rev. D. Paul, D. D., 1865-79 ; Rev. F, M. Spencer, D. D., LL. D., 1879-86 ; Rev. J. D. Irons, D. D., LL. D., 1887-92 ; Rev. D. K. McKnight, D. D. (pro tern), 1892-93 ; Rev. Jesse Johnson, D. D., 1893-1902 ; Chester J. Marshall, A. M. (pro tern), 1902-03 ; Leonard J. Graham, A. M. (pro tern), 1903-04 ; Rev. J. Knox, Montgomery, D. D., LL. D., 1905. The campus of this college in 1904 had less than two acres and now has 101 1/2 acres, with eleven buildings, an endowment of $394,442 and property valued at $937,643. The attendance in 1924 was—regular college work, 707 ; including summer students enrolled, the total attendance was 1,821. The number of graduates in the history of the college (1925) was 1,268. OBERLIN COLLEGE Oberlin College is located at Oberlin, Lorain County, and was founded in 1833, as a result of the missionary spirit which especially possessed Rev. John J. Shiperd, pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Elyria, and his co-worker, Philo P. Stewart, who was a returned missionary who had been working about the Choctaws in Mississippi, and they felt moved to found a colony and a school in connection, which they did. This decision was made in 1832. This school was expected to train teachers, Christian citizens and ministers for the destitute fields of the great Mississippi Valley. The name Oberlin was in memory of John Frederick Oberlin, who labored among the poor and ignorant classes in Eastern France ; he was a native of Germany. The plan was to go through the eastern states, especially in New England, and solicit colonists and money. A gift of 500 acres was made to the enterprise by Messrs. Street and Hughes, of New Haven, Connecticut, and this was to be for a training school. They were also to purchase 5,000 acres, at $1.50 per acre, which was to be sold to the colonists at an advance of $1 an acre. This provided $5,000 toward establishing the school. By the autumn of 1833 Mr. Shiperd had succeeded in getting the number of colonists he desired, besides having raised a fund of $15,000. December 3, 1833, the school was opened. The number of families was then eleven. They were located in the center of "the big woods" and the number of students was forty-four. There were twenty-nine young men and fifteen young women. In February, 1834, the Legislature chartered the Oberlin Institute and in 1850 the name was changed to Oberlin College. As has been well said by another writer at an early day, while it was yet an "Institute" : "The grand objects of the Oberlin Institute are to give the most useful education at the least expense of health, of time, and money ; and to extend the benefit of such education to both sexes and to all classes of the community, so far as its means will allow." This was a part of the declaration of principles which definitely committed Oberlin to co-education. In this the institution was pioneer. At first Oberlin tried the manual labor plan for the support of students, but soon found it unsatisfactory and abandoned it. Oberlin was the first school to advocate of abolition of slavery and the admission of colored men and women on equal terms with the white race. The theological department is historic. Hither came the seceding anti-slavery students from Lane Seminary. The ministers from this department include many notable men, the greater number being in the Congregational Church. The Oberlin conservatory of music is among the most advanced in the entire country. This department was established in 1865 and now EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 495 occupies a building costing $200,000. The musical library has 14,000 volumes. Previous to 1850, this institution had no endowment fund but was supported by contributions from friends in this country and England. Arthur Tappan gave $10,000 to erect Tappan Hall. In 1850 the plan of starting an endowment fund by the sale of scholarships proved highly successful. Soon $100,000 was raised by selling three classes of scholarships— $25, $50, and $100, each. As the years went by, the country became wealthy and people saw the great benefits of the college, it was put on a sound financial basis and is so today. Recent records show that the college usually employs 190 instructors and officers, and has a total enrollment of 1,700. The total number of Oberlin's alumni in 1922 was 5,280. The library numbers 186,000 volumes, with 153,000 unbound books and pamphlets.. The presidents of Oberlin College, with the service term of each, follows : Asa Mahan, 1835-50 ; Charles Grandison Finney, 1851-65 ; James Harris Fairchild, 1866-89 ; William Gay Ballantine, 1891-96 ; John Henry Barrows, 1899-1902 ; Henry Churchill King, 1902. OHIO NORTHERN UNIVERSITY This school was founded by Henry S. Lehr, who came to Ada, then called Johnstown, in the spring of 1866. He entered into a contract with the local school board by which he was to receive $60 a month for the first year's work and to be allowed the use of the school building for a select school when not in public use. If he should prove successful in building up an attendance of foreign students, the citizens of the town and vicinity had promised to erect buildings suitable for a normal school. Mr. Lehr was very successful in building up the attendance, which soon outgrew the old frame schoolhouse. True to their pledge the good citizens of the community then erected for the school a substantial and commodious brick building. Here the school was formally opened August 11, 1871. The enrollment for the first term was 147, and for the entire year, 288. Ten years later the number of different pupils enrolled within the year was 1,918. The writer has heard Doctor Lehr describe his first visit to Johnstown. The comprehensive system of land drainage had not then been commenced in Northwestern Ohio. When young Lehr reached the town he found the water so high that he could not walk up the street. He got on the fence and proceeded to the higher ground on which the first building of his school was afterwards erected. Here he began teaching in a modest way. He had great faith in the future development of this section of Ohio and time proved the wisdom of his choice of the location for the school. Under his enthusiastic and energetic management it prospered almost from the first. It grew into recognition not only as one of the popular institutions of its kind in Ohio but in the entire Middle West. Doctor Lehr had himself been a poor boy and with those of meagre means who were struggling to acquire the rudiments of an education he was in thorough sympathy. He planned courses of study and the arrangement of terms to suit their needs. He exercised general supervision over boarding and rooming facilities and took especial pride in what he could offer in this productive agricultural region at the lowest rates for the students of his school. His interest in normal training was confirmed by his contact with Dr. Alfred Holbrook, whose school at Marlboro, Stark County, he attended in 1854. His plans for so arranging the terms of his school that students could enter at almost any time of the year and, without losing standing in the college, be out for the winter term to teach school and thus earn their way, he acquired, in a measure, while a student at Mount Union College when Dr. 0. N. Hartshorn was president of that 496 - HISTORY OF OHIO institution. It was also while there doubtless that he was impressed with the importance of keeping the institution over which he presided close to the patriotic and official agencies of the times. Doctor Hartshorn, soon after Mount Union College was established, brought that institution to the attention of the state and nation by inviting to it the distinguished men of his time to deliver addresses. Not only did he invite such men but he so persistently followed up his invitations that he succeeded in having such distinguished men as Salmon P. Chase and others high in official position deliver addresses at Mount Union. It is claimed that Doctor Lehr even surpassed the president of his alma mater in persuading eminent men to visit Ada. Many will recall how he managed to stage at that place the great political debate between Governor James E. Campbell and William McKinley, then a candidate to succeed Campbell in the governorship of Ohio. The results of this policy are manifest to anyone who reads the list of distinguished alumni of the Ohio Northern University. It is indeed a rare honor to an educational institution which never received any direct aid from the state that it should give at the same time to the Nation two United States Senators. Since March 4, 1923, Ohio has been represented in the highest legislative body of the United States and the world by two men, Frank B. Willis and Simeon D. Fess, who were not only students but teachers in the institution founded by Doctor Lehr. Senator Willis received a part of his instruction while there in classes taught by Professor (now Senator) Simeon D. Fess. No other institution in the state can duplicate this record. Among the alumni of the institution were those who afterward became members of the Legislature, members of Congress, an attorney-general, a lieutenant-governor, two judges of the Supreme Court, and a number of judges in the lower courts of the state. E. S. Matthias, at present a judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio, is an alumnus of the Ohio Northern University. In 1875 the Northwestern Normal School, then located at Fostoria, was consolidated with the school at Ada under the name of the latter—the Northwestern Ohio Normal School. On May 21, 1885, the school was incorporated under the name of "Ohio Normal University." President Lehr retired at the close of the year 1901-1902, having been at the head of the school for thirty years. In July, 1903, the name of the institution was changed to Ohio Northern University. For many years chief interest centered in the normal department—the preparation of young men and women for the profession of teaching. Later the school of pharmacy and the school of law became a part of the institution. These grew rapidly and furnished many graduates to Ohio and other states. It should not be forgotten in this connection that the instruction and inspiration provided by the Ada school never cost the State of Ohio a cent of money. The same may be said to the credit of the large number of denominational and professional schools that were maintained in Ohio before the state had undertaken to provide liberally for higher education. Ohio Northern University for the year ending June 30, 1924, reported to the state superintendent of public instruction a total of 1,034 students ; value of property, including investments, $830,320. The following presidents have served this institution : Dr. Henry S. Lehr, 1871-1902 ; Dr. Leroy A. Belt, 1902-1905 Dr. Albert Edwin Smith, 1905, and still serving as president (1925). OHIO WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY The act of incorporation of this institution was passed March 7, 1842. This act was amended January 11, 1843, March 25, 1851, May 13, 1868, and again in 1872. The number of trustees was at first twenty-one, but later changed to twenty-five. In the beginning this institution was under the control of the Ohio and North Ohio Con- EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 497 ferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church. It is located at Delaware, Ohio, a city of near 9,000 population. In 1842 the citizens of Delaware presented to the Methodist Episcopal Church a building and grounds, at a cost of $10,000, though really worth twice that amount. Upon one part of the grounds held by this institution are located the famous White Sulphur Springs, so popular during the warm weather season. The objects of this college are not in the least sectarian. It aims, however, to give a full, healthy, moral and Christian education. One of their year-books published in 1876 has the following : "It has members of all denominations among its students ; it has graduated Roman Catholics. It has not a single Methodist book in its course as a text book. As yet it is a college for males only. The teachers are generally Methodists, but sometimes there are Quakers and Presbyterians employed." From the founding of the college to Centennial Year (1876), there were graduated from this institution 625 ; of these 175 became ministers ; 142 lawyers and sixty physicians. In 1844 the College of Liberal Arts began its work. In 1877 the Ohio Wesleyan Female College (started as an independent school in 1853) was incorporated in this university at Delaware. Since then the colleges have completely merged and the institution has become coeducational. In 1896 the Cleveland College of Physicians and Surgeons, originally established in 1863, became a part of Wesleyan University, but in 1910 it withdrew and became a department in Western Reserve University. In 1894 a school of oratory was added ; a business school in 1895. Ohio Wesleyan University claims a larger number of representatives in "Who's Who in America" than any other university or college in Ohio. Among the alumni of this institution are the names of Charles Warren Fairbanks, former vice president of the United States ; Myron T. Herrick, United States ambassador to France ; Joseph Benson Foraker, former governor of Ohio and United States senator from Ohio ; Brand Whitlock, former United States ambassador to Belgium ; John M. Patti-son, former governor of Ohio and member of Congress ; Benson W. Hough, former judge of the Ohio Supreme Court and now United States district judge, Columbus, Ohio ; Hugh L. Nichols, former chief justice of the Ohio Supreme Court. The list also includes nine Methodist bishops, twenty-nine college and seminary presidents and a number who have attained eminent positions in the fields of journalism and business. In recent years the financial assets of this university have been : In 1890, $638,000; 1895, $881,479; 1900, $1,229,037; 1910, $1,579,787; 1923, $4,015,600. The budget expenditures for 1923 was $475,770. The following shows the enrollment and faculty, by decades, since the university was established as a college : 1845-110 students and four members of the faculty ; 1855-541 enrolled and nine faculty ; 1865-551 enrolled and ten faculty ; 1875-335 enrolled and ten faculty ; 1885-750 enrolled and twenty-six faculty ; 1895-1,271 enrolled and fifty-three faculty ; 1905-1,186 enrolled and seventy faculty ; 19151,190 enrolled and eighty-six faculty ; 1920-1,479 enrolled and 113 members in the faculty. At present—end of year 1924—the enrollment was 1,779 and number in the faculty had reached 125. Number of students that have attended the university, 32,000. Number of graduates to and including those of 1923, 7,321. The presidents and terms of service here follow : Dr. Edward Thompson, 1848-60 ; Dr. Frederick Merrick, 1860-73 ; Dr. L. D. McCabe (acting), 1873-76, 1888-89; Dr. Charles Payne, 1876-88; Dr. James W. Bashford, 1889-04; Dr. William F. Whitlock (acting), 1904-05 ; Dr. Herbert Welch, 1905-16 ; Dr. John W. Hoffman, 1916 and still serving. 498 - HISTORY OF OHIO OTTERBEIN COLLEGE This educational institution is located twelve miles north of Columbus, at Westerville, in Franklin County. It was chartered by the Legislature of Ohio in 1849' with university privileges. The names of the first trustees were Lewis Davis, Jonathan Dresbach and William Hanby of the Scioto Annual Conference of the United Brethren in Christ, and Jacob Barger, Peter Flack and P. Hurlbut of the Sandusky Conference of the same church. It derived its name from Philip William Otterbein, founder of the church under whose auspices it was founded. As early as October, 1846, the Scioto Conference decided upon the establishment of an institution, purchased the Blendon Young Men's Seminary, then operated by the Methodist Episcopal Church. On April 26, 1847, the trustees met and founded the "Otterbein University of Ohio." The following autumn the school was opened as an academy. In 1849 the charter was granted by the Legislature. It has ever been a typical denominational college. It suffered heavy loss by the fire of 1870 and worked under many disadvantages with the coming and going of the first decades of its existence, but in later years it has advanced with the denomination it represents. Its organization includes a college department, music and art departments. Otterbein College has been co-educational from its start. It was the first college in the world to graduate women on an equality with men. There are dormitories for women students on the campus. It was known from the first as favoring the entrance of students from the colored race as well as the white race. The records show that in 1925 Otterbein College had on the shelves of its library in excess of 24,000 volumes ; buildings, grounds and equipment valued at $651,570.63, and a productive endowment amounting to $775,000, with total assets amounting to $1,465,000. The General Education Board, founded by Mr. John D. Rockefeller and the Carnegie Corporation, have recently given for endowment $250,000 and $75,000 respectively. The annual income for the previous year was $164,505.64. The number of students, 555, with a faculty of 35 professors and instructors. There are nine modern buildings and a campus and additional grounds of thirty-eight acres. The college during the last two decades, and particularly within the last decade, has enjoyed unparalleled development along educational lines, in increased numbers and material progress. It is a member of the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, of the Ohio College Association and of the Association of American Colleges, and is on the approved list of the Association of American Universities. Her work is recognized throughout the country as of high grade. Otterbein College constructed the first building for Christian Association work in the State of Ohio, and one of the first in the world. She gave the first full-time paid secretary to the Y. W. C. A. and was one of the first and most aggressive colleges in the country to organize Christian Association work. The presidents of this institution have been as follows : Wm. R. Griffith, 1847-49 ; Rev. William Davis, 1849-50 ; Rev. Lewis Davis, 1850-57 ; Rev. Alexander Owen, 1858-60 ; Rev. Lewis Davis, 1860-71; Rev. Daniel Eberly, 1871-72 ; Rev. Henry Adams Thompson, 1872-86 ; Rev. Henry Garst, 1886-89 ; C. A. Bowersox, 1889-91; Rev. T. J. Sanders, 1891-01; George Scott, 1901-04; Rev. Lewis Bookwalter, 1904-09 ; Rev. Walter G. Clippinger, 1909. The composition of the board of trustees is very cosmopolitan. Although the college is denominational in control, the representatives of the board are not all members of the denomination. There are EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 499 three groups, one group elected by the annual conferences of the denomination ; another group elected by the alumni, and a third group elected by the trustees, themselves, as trustees-at-large. The college has developed in recent years a very fine system of physical education. All students of the freshman and sophomore years are required to take some form of physical training two hours per week and one hour of recitation or lecture work in theory of physical education. All forms of indoor and outdoor sports are encouraged. Two well-trained and highly experienced graduates of the institution give full time to the work of physical training. One of the early graduates of this college was Benjamin Russell Hanby, author of the popular song, "Darling Nelly Gray." THE OXFORD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN Oxford Female Seminary was founded in 1830, obtained its charter from the state February 27, 1839 ; chartered again February 23, 1849, as the Oxford Female Institute ; the "Oxford Female College" was founded in 1852 and united with the Oxford Institute in 1867 ; Oxford College was chartered in 1897, and The Oxford College for Women was chartered June 7, 1906. In 1830 Miss Bethania Crocker, daughter of a Congregational minister from Massachusetts, opened a school for girls at Oxford, Ohio, under the patronage of President Bishop and Professors Scott and McGuffey of Miami University. This institution is strictly interdenominational. Throughout its more than ninety years' history, it has sought to build character through education, and to establish ideals of culture which may best serve the home, church and society. The best way to judge the school is from its large alumnae scattered throughout the United States and foreign countries engaged in educational work and holding positions of responsibility in the many organizations of the present generation. The Oxford College for Women for the year ending June 30, 1924, reported to the state superintendent of public instruction a total of 161 students ; number of graduates in history of school, 2,522 ; value of property, including investments, $276,800.09. The principals of Oxford Female Academy-1830 to 1849—were: Miss Bethania Crocker, the Misses Smith and Clark ; the Misses Lucy and Ann North. Presidents of Oxford Female Institute : The Rev. John Witherspoon Scott, D. D., 1849-1853 ; the Rev. James Harvey Buchanan, 1853-1867. Presidents of Oxford Female College : The Rev. John Witherspoon Scott, D. D., 1853-1859; the Rev. Robert Desha Morris, D. D., 1859-1882 ; the Rev. Lafayette Walker, D. D., 1883-1897. Presidents of Oxford College: The Rev. Lafayette Walker, D. D., 1897-1900 ; the Rev. John Hampton Thomas, D. D., 1900-1901 ; Fannie Ruth Robinson, Ph. D., 1901-1905. Presidents of Oxford College for Women : Jane Sherzer, Ph. D., 1906-1917; Eleanor N. Adams, Ph. D., 1918, and still president. RIO GRANDE COLLEGE This institution was founded at the Village of Rio Grande, Gallia County, in 1876, under the auspices of the Free Baptist Church, and had classical and scientific courses ; also a preparatory department. It is a coeducational school and more than one-half of the recent students are women. In 1910 the buildings and grounds were valued at $40,000 ; the library connected with this school had at that date 35,000 volumes. The productive fund amounts to about $6,000 per year. During the summer school of 1916, the attendance was 400 students.