EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 525

The brightest star that's crossed death's sable field,

That ever blazed around his shadowy throne,

The noblest trophy that e'er man could wield,

Is honest virtue—an imperial sun.

Those who bewail thy sad, untimely fall,

Must know that fortune, power and hopes are vain ;

That they, like thee, must hear the lordly call,

And lie entombed among the legions slain.

The cot of penury, the golden court,

The humble statue and the pride deckt bust,

Will soon become death's ravaging resort,

Who chemic-like turns kingdoms into dust.

* * * * *

Death on his mighty, fleet-bound, bleacher steed!

Without an offspring or a guardian sire,

Pays court to all with unmolested speed,

To gather spoils for nature's funeral fire.

Heir to a crown, no monarch ever knew,

With coat of arms no herald ever caught,

No painter e'er his wondrous portrait drew,

Since he ne'er sat to have the picture wrought.

He is a traveler on life's slippery shore,

To meet the beings of a doubtful day,

He is the porter to unbar that door,

Which hides the grandeur of the immortal way.

His valley seems a solemn, nightly pass,

Which spreads its by-paths to this thicket world,

But when illumined by hope's colouring glass,

It shows a drawing room with scenery furled.

Cease, then, each mournful sigh, dispel the gloom,

Which hovers o'er the shadowy realms of death,

One mighty change will burst the slumbering tomb,

And crown the weeds of woe with joyful wreath.

Like Elliot dead ! we pass this changed state.

Our power, our fortune and our hope must yield,

To death the victor of Almighty fate,

Who stalks forever on his spoil-deckt field."

This breathes the solemn grandeur of the new world. Through it the spirit of the wilderness speaks of the mysterious trinity—life, death, eternity. True, it reveals a writer under the spell of Gray's Elegy, but there are stanzas that have distinctive merit and reflect credit upon this unknewn bard. The effusion has a genuine western flavor and stands as our first published "view of death."

In the summer of 1796, William Maxwell, who had been appointed postmaster of Cincinnati, sold The Centinel of the North-Western Territory, to Edmund Freeman, who changed the name to Freeman's Journal. It was issued here till about 1800, when it suspended publication and followed the Territorial Government to Chillicothe, where Mr. Coggeshall tells us that Mr. Freeman purchased the Gazette. Here Mr. Coggeshall is again in error. Freeman's Journal was published for a time in Chillicothe, where the editor died. In The Scioto Gazette of October 19, 1801, appears a notice of S. Freeman, administrator, relative to the death of Edmund Freeman, late of Chillicothe, printer,

526 - HISTORY OF OHIO

deceased. Nathaniel Willis, editor of The Scioto Gazette, purchased the outfit of Freeman's Journal in October, 1801. It was therefore merged into The Scioto Gazette, which continues under that name to the present day.

Having described somewhat at length this early newspaper, it is fitting that more be said of the editor and his wife. Of the latter we shall speak first, because our information in regard to her remarkable career is more complete and definite. Nancy Robins was a typical pioneer heroine. She was born in Virginia, August 6, 1760. Her parents settled at Grave's Creek, about twelve miles from the present site of Wheeling, West Virginia, where she grew up to young womanhood. Here her father was killed and scalped by the Indians. With her mother and a few neighbors she made an almost miraculous escape to Fort Henry, where the whites were closely besieged by the savages. 1

Every reader of pioneer history is familiar with the story of the conduct of the sister of Ebenezer Zane on that occasion. The defenders of the fort, having exhausted their supply of powder, it became necessary to send someone to a house about sixty yards distant to bring ammunition to continue the defense. The brave women in the fort insisted that none of the men should be sacrificed in the undertaking, as the loss of one of the garrison would endanger the safety of all. Miss Elizabeth Zane and Miss Nancy Robins both volunteered to go, but as the latter was moulding bullets, a work in which she was skilled, it was decided that Miss Zane should make the hazardous trip. With fleet steps she ran the gauntlet, and amid a storm of arrows and bullets bore the powder into the fort. The garrison held out till reinforcements arrived and compelled the savages to raise the siege.

Afterward Miss Robins and her mother lived with the Zane family. Miss Nancy went to Cincinnati and there met William Maxwell, whom she subsequently married. She aided him in all his work, helped to print the newspaper, and with her own hands, in 1796, bound the Max-

1 - September 1, 1777. See Lossing's Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution, Vol. II, 291-283;

Hildreth's Early Settlers of Ohio; Otis's Defense of Fort Henry; Hunter's Pathfinders of Jefferson County, in Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quarterly, Vol. VI, 131-133.

EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 527

well Code, 2 the first book printed within the limits of the Northwest Territory. In 1799 she accompanied her husband to Dayton, Ohio, which was then a military post. Here she remained until Mr. Maxwell, assisted by some discharged soldiers employed for that purpose, cut a road through to Upper Alpha. This road afterwards became a part of the Dayton and Xenia Pike. Mrs. Maxwell was the first white women to travel over it.

To the new log cabin in the wilderness she came with her husband and two children, William and Eliza. Here the little family grew until there were eight children. After the death of her husband she married John White,3 whom she survived many years. Of the second union six children were born, one of whom, Mrs. Elizabeth Webster, of Dayton, Ohio, was living in 1904 at the age of eighty-three years.

In her old age Mrs. (Maxwell) White moved with relatives and friends to Sidell, Illinois, where she died November 9, 1868, 4 at the age of one hundred and eight years, three months and six days. Amiability and cheerfulness were native to her. Through life she was blessed with good health. To its last hour she retained full possession of her faculties. She was the mother of fourteen children, whose descendants are now living in many states. A modest monument, fittingly inscribed, marks her last resting place.

Of the early life of William Maxwell little is known. His father, whose name was also William, came from Scotland. According to statements from some of his descendants, the son was born in the State of New York, others claim New Jersey, and still others Delaware as his native state. He had evidently acquired a fair education for the times. It is not known where he learned the printer's trade. In his salutatory, published in the initial number of The Centinel, he states that he came to the western country to establish a newspaper. It is, therefore, fair to assume that he had learned his trade before leaving the East. His granddaughter is authority for the statement that he was born about the year 1755 and came West in 1788. He may have come later. The first sentence of his salutatory would naturally lead one to conclude that he had been in Cincinnati but a short time before the issue of the initial number of The Centinel.

Mr. Maxwell was the first local public printer of the Northwest Territory. In 1796 he published the Maxwell Code, the first book printed within what afterwards became the State of Ohio. The Centinel of September 6, 1795, announces his appointment as postmaster of Cincinnati, "to succeed A. M. Dunn, Esq., deceased." Mr. Dunn appears to have been the first to hold that office in the town.

In 1799 Mr. Maxwell moved to land on the Little Miami in Beaver Creek Township, Greene County, Ohio. It was then a part of Hamilton County. He was elected to the first General Assembly of Ohio, which convened in Chillicothe, March 1, 1803. The journal of the House shows that he was an active member and that he served on important committees with associates, some of whom afterwards attained prominence in the history of the state. Among them were Kirker and Worthington.

He favored the law providing for the erection of Greene County and was elected one of its associate judges by the Legislation on April 6, 1803. On the 10th day of the following month at the house of Owen Davis, on Beaver Creek, he aided in organizing the first court held in the county. The building was a log structure of the pioneer type. He resigned the office of associate judge December 7, 1803, to

2 - The "Code," bound in pioneer style, was sewed with wax ends, tipped with bristles.

3 - Of the first union were born William, Elias, Rachel, John Ludlow, Nancy, George, Eliza; of the second, Margaret, Lemuel, Catherine, Evaline, Elizabeth, Anne.

4 - Just seventy-five years after the publication of the first issue of The Centinel of the North-Western Territory.

528 - HISTORY OF OHIO

enter upon the duties of sheriff of Greene County, a position which he held until 1807. He took an active interest in organizing the state militia and in 1805 held the rank of major. He was a man of thrift and fairly prosperous. On his large tract of land he devoted himself chiefly to the industry of cattle raising.

William Maxwell's last days were spent on his farm. Here where his furrow broke the "stubborn glebe," where the forest bowed beneath his sturdy stroke, this modest, brave old pioneer in .1809 sank to rest. Cadmus sailing into Greece on a mission that enlightened the world, is doubtless a myth. But William Maxwell, soldier, pioneer and printer, bending over the types and losing his subscription list in a soul-absorbing effort to bring forth The Centinel of the North-Western Territory ; William Maxwell, laboring by blazing knot and tallow dip over his "code" ; William Maxwell bearing letters into the western wilderness, is a reality ! From this humble beginning, what a marvel 131 years have wrought. Books and papers everywhere. Great journals, reeling off daily issues aggregating not hundreds or thousands, but millions of copies. Vast hives of literary industry, where the roll of cylinder and the click of linotype echo with interruption the whole year round ! And he who touched the magic spring that opened up the way for this wondrous and beneficent miracle, sleeps alone on the quiet farm, his last long sleep. His grave is at the edge of the forest, on an eminence that commands a fine view of the valleye of the Little Miami. About twenty-four years ago when the grave was discovered through the initiative of the writer and with the aid of others interested, including a grandson of Maxwell, a plain slab hewn from the native rock, without line or letter, marked his last resting place. It is said that since then even this has been removed.

In recent years the Daughters of the American. Revolution have manifested commendable interest in locating the grave in order that it might be appropriately marked. Delay has been occasioned by the absence of any satisfactory record of Maxwell's service in the Revolution. A number of men by that name are listed in the archives of the original states, and it is difficult to tell which of these came to the Northwest Territory to establish a newspaper in 1793.

In the meantime, those who control that agency of power and enlightenment, the newspaper, which he introduced into the wilderness of the Northwest Territory, need not wait for other records than those now at hand. The patrons of the press, the lovers of books and those who manifest a patriotic pride in the intellectual development and ascendancy of the prosperous realm now embraced within the original limits of that territory have a duty to perform. They should unite in raising over the .dust of William Maxwell a plain shaft, appropriately inscribed, that would be to the modest worth of this pioneer editor and book-maker a fitting memorial. Ohio should lead in rendering appropriate tribute to him who in "the long ago," apealed for the press and asked the pioneer fathers "not to consult merely their own personal interest, but the interest of the public and the coming time."

OTHER NEWSPAPERS OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY

The second paper of the Northwest Territory was The Western Spy and Hamilton Gazette. Its first issue bears date of May 28, 1799. It was edited and published in Cincinnati by Joseph Carpenter, who came west from Massachusetts. In the summer of 1806 the name of the paper was changed to Western Spy and Miami Gazette. It was later changed to The Whig. After continuing about one year it was changed to The Advertiser, and suspended soon afterward. In September, 1810, Mr. Carpenter' brought forth the new Western Spy, which continued under that name to January 9, 1819, when it appeared as the Western Spy and Cincinnati General Advertiser. On April 29,

EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 529

1820, it united with the Literary Cadet and became the Western Spy and Literary Cadet. The name was again changed January 1, 1823, to The National Republican and Ohio Political Register. Subsequently it became, January 3, 1830, the National Republican and Cincinnati Daily Mercantile Advertiser. The name was further modified July 11, 1833, to the Cincinnati Republican and Commercial Register.

The third paper published in the Northwest Territory was The Scioto Gazette, first issued in Chillicothe, April 25, 1800. There is tradition of a Scioto Gazette printed at an earlier date, but it seems to be tradition only. I f such a paper was published it suspended and began anew on the date here given. As we have seen, it absorbed the Freeman's Journal in 1801. It was first published by Nathaniel Willis, who was born in Boston, February 7, 1755, was a member of the Boston Tea Party, and, according to tradition, at one time an apprentice under Benjamine Franklin. He was editor until 1807, when he returned to his farm. He died April 1, 1831. The Scioto Gazette, in August, 1815, absorbed the Fredonian and continued as The Scioto Gazette and Fredonian Chronicle. In March, 1821, the Gazette united with the Supporter, under the name of The Supporter and Scioto Gazette. With volume 101, number 1, April 28, 1900, it resumes Its natal name, The Scioto Gazette. In this centennial issue is published a very exhaustive history of journalism in Chillicothe. The article has been prepared with great care and is unusually free from error. One mistake occurs, however. In speaking of The Supporter, the writer twice states that it was founded by George Nashee, in 1811. Another excellent authority fixes the date in the year 1807. Recently a file of this paper has been found, covering almost the entire period of its publication and is now in the Ohio State Library. It shows that the paper was born September 29, 1808.

In 1801 Wyllys Silliman and Elijah Backus bought printer's materials in Philadelphia and on December 7th of that year published in Marietta the first issue of the Ohio Gazette and the Territorial and Virginia Herald. This was the fourth paper published in the Northwest Territory. In 1850 the paper failed and was sold by the sheriff. In October of the same year the Western Spectator took its place. This in time was sold to the proprietor of the American Friend, first issued April 24, 1813. Ten years later the name was changed to American Friend and Marietta Gazette. In 1842 the paper was merged into The Intelligencer. In 1862 it was sold to R. M. Stimson, who changed the name to the Marietta Register.

So much for the paper started under the government of the Northwest Territory.

EARLY OHIO NEWSPAPERS

In 1810 fourteen newspapers were reported from Ohio. In addition to the Scioto Gazette, The Supporter, the Ohio Gazette and Virginia Herald and The Whig, of which mention has already been made, there were, according to this report so frequently quoted, ten others : The Fredonian, and the Independent Republican, Chillicothe ; Liberty Hall and The Advertiser, Cincinnati ; the Commentator, Marietta ; the Muskingum Messenger, Zanesville ; the Ohio Patriot, New Lisbon ; the Western Herald, at Steubenville ; the Impartial Expositor, at St. Clairsville ; the Western Star, at Lebanon. The Independent Republican was founded by Peter Parcels ; the Fredonian, by R. B. Richardson, date doubtful ; Liberty Hall, first called Liberty Hall and Cincinnati Mercury, by Rev. John W. Browne, December 4, 1804 ; the Commentator, by Dunham and Gardner, September 16, 1807 ; the Muskingum Messenger, by White and Sawyer, 1810 ; the Ohio Patriot, by William D. Lepper, 1808; afterward reestablished November 4, 1809; the Western Herald, by Lowery and Miller, 1806; the Western

530 - HISTORY OF OHIO

Star, by John McLean, 1806. The Advertiser, said on good authority to have been the short-lived successor of The Whig was perhaps never published contemporaneously with it. In the list is omitted the Ohio Centinel, established in Dayton, May 3, 1810, by Isaac G. Burnett, and the Muskingum Express, founded the same year by J. H. Putnam & Co.

Nine years later the following newspapers were published in the state :

LIST OF ALL THE NEWSPAPERS PRINTED IN THE STATE OF OHIO AT THE

COMMENCEMENT OF THE YEAR 1819

Those marked thus (t) are printed on an imperial sheet; with six columns on a page. Those marked thus (*) are printed on a super-royal sheet; and the remainder are printed on a smaller sheet than super-royal.

EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 531

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON EARLY OHIO NEWSPAPERS

William Lowery and John Miller, first publishers of the Western Herald at Steubenville, came from Berkley County, Virginia. Miller was an officer in the War of 1812 and distinguished himself at Fort Meigs. For meritorious service he was promoted to a colonelcy. He was the second Governor of Missouri Territory. Lowery served in both houses of the Ohio general assembly.

Rev. John W. Browne, editor of the Liberty Hall and Cincinnati Mercury, was a member of the convention that framed the first constitution for Ohio.

The first newspaper published in Cuyahoga County was the Cleveland Gazette and Commercial Register, edited by Andrew Logan. The first issue bore the date of July 31, 1818. Little is known of the editor. He was small in stature and dark in complexion, which, with his name, gave rise to the frequently expressed conjecture that he was related to Logan, the great Mingo chieftain. There is, however, no evidence that this was true. The paper ceased publication when it was little more than a year old. In October, 1819, Eber D. Howe established in Cleveland the Cleveland Herald, which was published continuously for many years.

The first newspaper published in Dayton, The Repertory, was first issued September 18, 1808. The proprietors and editors were William McClure and George Smith. It was afterwards issued by Isaac G. Burnett and was named The Ohio Centinel. The name was later changed to Ohio Republican, and then to Ohio Watchman.

In Williamsburg, Clermont County, Thomas J. Foote and Robert Tweed on January 15, 1813, issued the first number of The Political Censor. This ceased publication in about one year from that date. It was the first newspaper published in the county. Later, August 5, 1814, David Morris and George Ely, published in Williamsburg the first issue of The Western American. The Clermont Sentinel was first issued here July 4, 1818.

The first issue of the Hillsborough Gazette and Highland Advertiser, the first newspaper published in Highland County, was published by Moses Carothers, a young printer from Martinsburg, Virginia, on the "afternoon of June 18, 1818."

Thomas D. Webb on June 16, 1812, published in Warren, Trumbull County, the first issue of The Trump of Fame, the first newspaper published in that county. On October 4, 1816, this ambitious name was changed to the Western Reserve Chronicle. This paper should have been included in the preceding list for 1819, as it was published continuously for many years. The Trump of Fame, like many of the early papers of the state, was great in name but very limited in the extent of its printed page. Little attention was paid to local news. Of this particular paper, one writer says : "Even the great excitement following Hull's surrender * * * receives in Mr. Webb's paper only an incidental notice, written with less energy and occupying less space than one of the present enterprising journals would devote to a dog fight or a big pumpkin."

The Ohio Repository was founded and for many years published in Canton by John Saxton, grandfather of Mrs. William McKinley. The first issue bears the date of March 20, 1815. It was the first newspaper published in Stark County. The name has been changed but slightly. It is now simply The Repository. An almost complete file is said to be in the possession of the present proprietor.

The Delaware Gazette was established in Delaware, Ohio, by Rev. Joseph Hughs and Rev. Jacob Drake in 1818. After a precarious existence it ceased publication in 1825. It was the first newspaper published in the county. Ezra Griswold on October 10, 1821, published the first issue of the Delaware Patron.

532 - HISTORY OF OHIO

On August 9, 1817, James Foster published in Circleville the first issue of The Olive Branch, the first newspaper published in Pickaway County. It was afterwards published by Gen. James Renick, Guy W. Doane and Joseph W. Hays. It was the progenitor of the present Union Herald, published by Hon. C. C. Chappelear.

James Finley, who had purchased The Political Censor, formerly published in Clermont County, commenced publication in West Union, 1815, Adams County,s first newspaper. Its name for a time was retained.

In February, 1810, White and Sawyer published in Zanesville the first issue of the Muskingum Messenger. Later in the same year J. H. Putnam published here the first issue of The Muskingum Express. These were the first papers published in the county.

The first newspaper published in Fairfield County was issued at Lancaster under the name of Der Ohio Adler, in 1807, by Jacob D. Dietrick. It was later published in English under the name of The Eagle, which it retains at the present time.

In Portsmouth, Scioto County, August 5, 1818, appeared the first issue of The Portsmouth Gazette, the first newspaper published in the county. The proprietors were Abott and Chaney.

The earliest papers published in Franklin County were The Western Intelligencer, 1811; Freeman,s Chronicle, 1812, and The Ohio Monitor, 1816. Fuller notice of these papers appears in the sketch of the City of Columbus.

The first newspaper published in Champaign County was The Watch Tower. Some say that it was The Farmer,s Watch Tower. No copies seem to be in existence to definitely settle the name. It is agreed, however, that the first issue bore the date of July 4, 1812. Moses Corwin and a Mr. Blackburn were the proprietors and later sold it to Allen M. Poff.

In July, 1813, Samuel H. Smith and John P. McArdle published, in the Village of Clinton, The Ohio Register, the first newspaper issued in Knox County. The office was later transferred to Mount Vernon, where on April 24, 1816, publication of The Register was resumed.

In 1817 Levi Cox and Samuel Baldwin printed in Wooster The Spectator, the first newspaper published in Wayne County. The name was afterwards changed to Ohio Oracle, Journal and Democratic Times, Democrat, and finally to Republican.

NEWSPAPERS OF OHIO IN 1924

While it is not possible, in a work like this, to give a history of all of these hundreds of publications in Ohio—past and present—the following is a list of newspapers as found in the 1925 N. W. Ayer & Sons, Newspaper Annual. There are now 903 newspapers in the state, including 152 dailies, one four times a week, five three times a week, thirty-two semi-weeklies, four fortnightly, eleven semi-monthly, etc., as indicated for each paper.

The following list gives the regular newspaper publications, together with the location, name, name of editor, day of issue, politics and date of founding :

ADA, Herald, B. F. Snyder, Friday, Ind., 1885.
Record, J. A. Alexander, Wednesday, Ind., 1872.

ADAMSVILLE, Register, E. C. Jordan, Tuesday, Ind., 1889.
ADELPHI, Border News, Hugh B. Egan, Friday, Neut., 1879.
AKRON, Akron Hirlap, A. Tarocy, Friday, Gen., 1913.
Beacon-Journal, John S. Knight, Ev. and Sun., Rep., 1869.
Columbia Journal, M. W. and Friday, Ind., 1869.
Post, V. D. Lydyard, Wednesday, Local, 1921.
Press, L. E. Judd, Ev. and Sun., Ind., 1893.
Times, W. Kee Maxwell, Ev. and Sun., Dem., 1892.

EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 533

ALGER, News, A. P. Shively, Thurs., Ind., 1914.
ALLIANCE, Review and Leader, N. A. Guyer, Ev., Rep., 1888.
AMANDA, Press, W. N. Gortnor, Thurs., Ind., 1909.
AMHERST, News-Times, Stanley Hart, Thursday, Ind. 1914.
ANDOVER, Citizen, N. G. Richardson, Friday, Rep., 1881.
ANSONIA, Ansonian, Smith & Feltman, Thursday, 1924.
ANTWERP, Bee-Argus, D. C. Pickard, Thursday, Ind., 1883.
ARCADIA, News, G. F. Manns, Friday, Ind., 1904.
ARCANUM, Times, Russell B. Harris, Thursday, Local, 1899.
ARCHBOLD, Advocate, Ed. E. Hallett, Thursday, Ind. Dem., 1897.
Buckeye, W. O. Taylor, Wednesday, Ind., 1905.
ARLINGTON, Arlingtonian, C. C. Longworth, Wednesday, Ind., 1906.
ASHLAND, Reporter, Ben Helsel, Friday, 1924.
Times-Gazette, Ev. and Sun., Ind., 1901.
ASHLEY, Tri-County Star, L. P. Benedict, Thursday, Ind., 1901.
ASHTABULA, Star-Beacon, C. A. Rowley, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1888.
ASHVILLE, Pickaway County News, S. D. Fridley, Thurs., Ind., 1903.
ATHENS, Messenger, F. W. Bush, Ev. ex. Sat., Rep., 1905.
ATTICA, Hub, G. C. Lake, Thursday, Ind., 1896.
BAINBRIDGE, Observer, C. O. Martin, Friday, Non-P., 1890.
BALTIC, Tri-County American, G. F. Gilbert, Thursday, 1924.
BALTIMORE, Twin City News, E. O. Weist, Thursday, Local, 1889.
BARBERTON, Herald, V. O. Lidyard, Wednesday, Ind., 1922.
Leader, E. H. Eves, Friday, Rep., 1894.
News, J. R. Davis, Friday, Dem., 1892.
BARNESVILLE, Enterprise, W. R. Palmer, Tues.-Friday, Ind., 1866.
Whetstone, W. E. Buchanan, Thursday, Dem., 1894.
BATAVIA, Clermont Courier, E. S. Rush, Wednesday, Rep., 1836.
Clermont Sun, D. W. Roberts, Thursday, Dem., 1828.
BEDFORD, Herald, C. P. Smith, Thursday, Ind., 1922.
News-Register, C. C. Merritt, Thursday, Rep., 1889.
BELLAIRE, Democrat, D. W. Shields, Friday, Dem., 1888.
Leader, Sherlock Bros., Ev. ex. Sun., Rep. 1913.
BELLE CENTER, Herald Voice, J. C. Martin, Friday, Ind. Rep., 1896.
BELLEFONTAINE, Examiner, H. K. & M. J. Hubbard, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1891.
Examiner, same proprietors, Friday, Dem., 1830.
Index-Republican, B. Schroeder, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1894.
BELLEVUE, Gazette, A. C. Callaghan, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1899.
BELLVILLE, Star, G. L. Cherp, Thursday, 1922.
BEREA, Courier, P. G. Mohler, Friday, Dem., 1895.
Enterprise, A. J. Pillars, Thursday, Rep., 1868.
BERLIN HEIGHTS, Berlin Call, Thursday, Ind., 1912.
BETHEL, Journal, H. W. Harris, Friday, Ind., 1891.
BETTSVILLE, Taxpayer, Stanley Feasel, Thursday, 1922.
BEVERLY, Dispatch, Fred Price, Friday, Ind., 1879.
BLANCHESTER, Star-Republican, C. J. Brown, Thursday, Rep., 1870.
BLOOMDALE, Derrick, C. C. Myers, Friday, Ind., 1880.
BLOOMVILLE, Gazette, J. S. Hossler, Thursday, Ind., 1900.
BLUFFTON, News, Thursday, Ind., 1875.
BOTKINS, Herald, L. E. Blakely, Friday, Ind., 1898.
BOWLING GREEN, Sentinel-Tribune, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1890.
Wood County Democrat, F. W. Thomas, Friday, Dem., 1876.
Wood County Repub., Thursday, Rep., 1918.
Sentinel-Tribune, S. A. Canary, Thurs., Rep., 1866.
BRADFORD, Journal, H. C. Marlin, Friday, 1922.
Sentinel, A. F. Little, Friday, Ind. Rep., 1880.
BRADNER, Advocate, H. L. Hodges, Friday, Ind., 1894.
BREMEN, Derrick, C. B. Shields, Friday, Ind., 1909.

534 - HISTORY OF OHIO

BROOKVILLE, Star, McMillan & Boomershin, Thursday, Local, 1891.
BRYAN, Democrat, C. Cullis, Tuesday and Friday, Dem., 1863.
Press, C. S. Roe & Son, Thursday, Rep., 1854.
BUCYRUS, Telegraph-Forum, J. F. Burke, Daily ex. Sun., Ind., 1887.
BURTON, Geauga County Leader, F. L. Olds, Tuesday, Rep., 1874.
CADIZ, Dem-Sentinel, S. F. Dickerson, Thursday, Dem., 1893.
Republican, Harry B. McConnell, Thursday, Rep., 1815.
CALDWELL, Noble County Leader, J. S. Harris, Wednesday, Rep., 1899.
Press, J. R. Keenan, Wednesday, Dem., 1871.
Rep.-Journal, A. N. Dowling, Wednesday, Rep., 1859.
CALEDONIA, Enterprise, W. J. Blair, Thursday, Non-P., 1875.
CAMBRIDGE, Jeffersonian, H. W. Amos, Daily ex. Sun., Ind. Dem., 1892.
CAMDEN, Preble County News, Ray Simpson, Thursday, Ind., 1902.
CANAL FULTON, Signal, J. H. E. Moxley, Thursday, Ind., 1875.
CANAL WINCHESTER, Times, o. P. Gayman, Thursday, Ind., 1871.
(Also publishes the Buckeye News and New Gazette.)
CANFIELD, Mahoning Dispatch, Fowler & Fowler, Friday, Ind., 1877.
CANTON, Canton News (Catholic), Friday, 1917.
News, H. W. Miner, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1833.
CARDINGTON, Morrow Co. Independent, W. R. Conaway, Thursday, Ind., 1848.
CAREY, Times, E. Thrall, Thursday, Ind., 1873.
CARROLLTON, Chronicle, J. V. Lawler, Friday, Dem., 1871.
Freepress-Standard, Thursday, Rep., 1831.
CEDARVILLE, Herald, Karlh Bull, Friday, Rep., 1877.
CELINA, Mercer Co. Observer, A. C. F. Gilberg, Friday, Rep., 1874.
Mercer Co. Standard, F. A. Snuder, Daily ex. Sun., Dem., 1905.
CENTERBURG, Gazette, R. M. Hasson, Thursday, Rep., 1880.
CHAGRIN FALLS, Exponent, W. R. Bailey, Thursday, Ind. Rep., 1874.
CHARDON, Geauga Co. News, H. W. Miller, Friday, Dem., 1922.
Geauga Republican-Record, Wednesday, Rep., 1849.
CHILLICOTHE, Advertiser, Friday, Dem., 1830.
News-Advertiser, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1884.
Scioto Gazette, E. S. Wenis, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1892.
CINCINNATI, Catholic Telegraph, Thursday, 1831.
Commercial Tribune, Morning, Rep.
Enquirer, W. F. Wiley, Morning, Ind., 1842.
Freie Presse (German), Evening, Ind., 1869.
Post, E. E. Fries, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1880.
Times-Star, Hulbert Taft, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1836.
CIRCLEVILLE, Democrat and Watchman, J. W. Johnson, Thursday, Dem., 1837.
Herald, W. C. Darst, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1883.
Union Herald, C. C. Chappelear, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1894,
Union Herald, C. C. Chappelear, Thursday, Rep., 1817.
CLARINGTON, News, S. F. Rose, Friday, Rep., 1918.
CLEVELAND, American Home, L. J. Pierc, M. W. and F., Ind., 1897.
Call (Negro), Saturday, Rep., 1920.
Citizen, M. S. Hayes, Saturday, Labor, 1891.
Cleveland-Glenville Times, Friday, Ind., 1888.
Dispatch, Mrs. Holmden, Thursday, Rep., 1891.
Gazette (Negro), Harry C. Smith, Saturday, Rep., 1883.
Illustrated Times, Saturday, Rep., 1892.
Jewish Review, Miss Jessie Cohen, Friday, Jewish, 1888.
Lakewood Courier, A. P. Binton, Thursday, Dem., 1902.
News, Ev. and Sun., Ind., 1841.
News-Leader, Sunday, Rep., 1874.
Ohio Farmer, W. H. Lloyd, Saturday, Agtl., 1848.
Plain Dealer, E. C. Hopewood, Mornings, Ind. Dem., 1842.
Press, H. B. R. Briggs, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1878.
Wachter-Anzeiger, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1852.

EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 535

CLEVELAND HEIGHTS, Dispatch, Thursday, Rep.
CLYDE, Enterprise, B. F. Jackson, Thursday, Rep., 1878.
COLDWATER, Chronicle, G. W. Philips, Friday, Dem., 1902.
COLLEGE CORNER, News, Frank T. Snyder, Thursday, Ind., 1901.
COLUMBIANA, Ledger, J. C. Jolly, Thursday, Ind., 1889.
COLUMBUS, Citizen, H. P. Woodbury, Eve. ex. Sun., Ind., 1899.
Community News, F. C. Emerling, Friday, Ind., 1922.
Dispatch, A. C. Johnson, Daily, Ind., 1871.
Ohio Journal Comm., Monthly, Comm., 1910.
Ohio State Journal, R. O. Ryder, Morn,g Daily, Rep., 1811.
COLUMBUS GROVE, Vidette, Thursday, Non-P., 1873.
CONNEAUT, News-Herald, W. E. Putnam, Eve. ex. Sun., Rep., 1891.
CONTINENTAL, News-Review, W. N. Curtiss, Thursday, Ind., 1916.
CONVOY, Signal-News, G. M. Glancy, Friday, Ind., 1906.
CORTLAND, Home News, E. S. Pike, Thursday, Ind., 1924.
COSHOCTON, Tribune-Times, F. S. Wallace, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1909.
COVINGTON, Tribune-Gazette, A. F. Little, Thursday, Ind. Rep., 1897.
CRESTLINE, Advocate, J. F. McMahon, Thursday, Ind., 1869.
CRESTON, Journal, Newberry, Wednesday, Ind., 1881.
CROOKSVILLE, Advance, H. J. Bierly, Thursday, Rep., 1902.
CUMBERLAND, Echo, W. G. Nichols, Wednesday, Rep., 1892.
CUMMINSVILLE, Home News, A. E. Weatherby, Saturday, Local, 1914.
CUSTAR, News, A. E. Norcross, Wednesday, Ind., 1898.
CUYAHOGA FALLS, Reporter, E. H. Bauman, Friday, Ind. Rep., 1870.
DALTON, Gazette, E. F. Scott, Thursday, Neutral, 1875.
DAYTON, Forum (Negro), J. H. Rives, Friday, Ind. Rep., 1913.
Gross-Daytoner, P. P. Gruner, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1866.
Herald, E. G. Burkam, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1870.
Journal, E. G. Burkam, Mornings, Rep., 1808.
News, Howard Egbert, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1808.
DEFIANCE, Crescent-News, Ralph W. Peters, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1888.
DEGRAFF, Journal, S. P. Pond, Friday, Local, 1893.
DELAWARE, Gazette, H. C. Thompson, Daily ex. Sun., Rep., 1818.
Journal Herald, J. D. Knowles, Eve. ex. Sun., Dem., 1841.
DELPHOS, Courant, A. J. Laudick, Wed. and Sat., Ind., 1869.
Herald, A. J. Laudick, Eve. and Sun., Ind., 1894.
DELTA, Atlas, C. R. P. Waltz, Thursday, Ind. Rep., 1885.
DENNISON, Paragraph, G. C. Haverstack, Ev. ex. Sunday, Dem., 1899.
DESHLER, Flag, W. T. Hager, Thursday, Ind., 1876.
DOVER, Reporter, A. A. Hopingarner, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1903.
DRESDEN, Transcript, A. H. Bloor, Thursday, Ind., 1837.
DUNKIRK, Standard, Guy M. Kingsbury, Thursday, Ind., 1875.
EAST AKRON, Review, V. D. Lidyard, Tuesday, Ind., 1921.
EAST CLEVELAND, Signal, B. Bryant, Thursday, Rep., 1900.
EAST LIVERPOOL, Review-Tribune, F. R. O'Hanlon, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1884.
EAST PALESTINE, Leader, C. E. Oliver, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1915.
EAST YOUNGSTOWN, News, H. I. Countryman, Saturday, 1923.
EATON, Democrat, A. R. Raney, Tuesday and Thursday, Dem., 1842.
Register-Herald, Wednesday, Rep., 1820.
EDGERTON, Earth, Charles W. Miller, Friday, Ind., 1882.
EDISON, Advertiser, F. A. Hinman, Fortnightly, Local, 1924.
EDON, Commercial, T. C. Boyd, Wednesday, Ind., 1895.
EL DORADO, Bee, Harry McPherson, Thursday, Ind., 1898.
ELMORE, Tribune, J. B. Gemberling, Thursday, Ind., 1876.
ELMWOOD PLACE, Blade, F. L. Westerman, Saturday, Rep., 1897.
ELYRIA, Chronicle-Telegram, J. F. Burke, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind. R., 1898.
EUCLID, Observer (Bryant,s), Thursday, Rep., 1907.
FAYETTE, Review, Chas. E. Yost, Thursday, Ind., 1901.
FINDLAY, Argus, Students, Monthly, 1907.
Courier, Henry Wilts Brown, Ev. ex. Sun,, Dem., 1887.
Republican, I. N. Heminger, Morning ex. Sun., Rep., 1886.

536 - HISTORY OF OHIO

FLUSHING, News, W. R. Palmer, Thursday, Ind., 1924.
FOREST, Review, Wednesday, Ind., 1865.
FORT DISCOVERY, Journal, W. T. Irelan, Friday, Ind., 1890
Record, A. M. Sawyer, Wednesday, Local, 1919.
FOSTORIA, Review, E. M. Hopkins, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1887.
Times, John W. Lockhart, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1873.
FRANKFORT, Sun, G. L. Robinson, Thursday, Ind. 1884.
FRANKLIN, Chronicle, S. T. Tibbals, Thursday, Rep., 1876.
FREDERICKTOWN, Citizen, Marple & Landis, Thursday, 1922.
FREEPORT, Press, H. C. Williams, Wednesday, Ind., 1880.
FREMONT, Courier, Geo. Noss, Thursday, Dem., 1859.
Journal, T. J. Maxwell, Friday, Rep., 1829.
Messenger, L. C. Worst, Daily ex. Sun., Dem., 1840.
News, Wrigley Bros., Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1887.
GALION, Inquirer, C. F. Eise, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1877.
GALLIPOLIS, Times, E. C. Hurn, Wednesday, Rep., 1898.
Tribune, H. W. Wetherholt, Friday, Rep. 1872.
GAMBIER, Kenyon Collegian, Students, Semi-monthly, 1855.
GARRETSVILLE, Journal, D. G. Myers, Thursday, Ind. Rep. 1867.
GENEVA, Free-Press, C. A. Bonser, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1900.
GENOA, Gazette, "Uncle Bill" Schooler, Friday, Ind., 1923.
GEORGETOWN, Gazette, A. C. Mitchell, Wednesday, Rep., 1879.
News-Democrat, W. A. Eylar, Thursday, Dem., 1888.
GERMANTOWN, Press, H. A. Smalley, Thursday, Rep., 1874.
GIBSONBURG, Derrick, J. T. Loveland, Thursday, 1889.
GLOUSTER, Press, Thursday, Dem., 1896.
GRAFTON, Citizen, E. E. Vail, Friday, 1920.
GRAND RAPIDS, Tri-County News, L. Lisemer, Thursday, Local, 1897.
GRANVILLE, Times, D. G. Weaver, Weekly, 1880.
GREENFIELD, Republican, E. K. Jenkins, Thursday, Rep., 1865.
GREEN SPRINGS, Echo, W. O. Kenan, Thursday, Non-P., 1895.
GREENEVILLE, Advocate, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1893.
Democratic Advocate, Thursday, Dem., 1883.
News-Tribune, M. B. Trainor, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1890.
GREENWICH, Enterprise Review, Thursday, Ind. Rep., 1880.
GROVER HILL, Reporter, L. F. Mavis, Thursday, Local, 1898.
HAMILTON, Butler County Press, Friday, Ind., 1901.
Journal, C. A. Leiter, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1886.
News, Walter Tobey, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1879.
HARRISON, News, S. C. Eldridge, Thursday, .Ind., 1871.
HICKSVILLE, News-Tribune, M. J. Schell, Wednesday, Ind., 1873.
HILLSBORO, Gazette, R. G. McVey, Friday, Dem., 1818.
News-Herald, G. Barrere, Thursday, Rep., 1837.
Peoples Press, J. S. Kerns, Wednesday, Dem., 1923.
HIRAM, Advance, Fortnightly, College, 1887.
Hiram College Bulletin, Monthly, 1920.
HOLGATE, Henry Co. Review, F. W. Weber, Thursday, Ind., 1881.
HOLLANSBURG, News, T. L. Davis, Thursday, Ind., 1906.
HUBBARD, Enterprise, R. H. VanNess, Thursday, Rep., 1877.
HUDSON, Erie County Reporter, T. M. Clock, Thursday, Ind., 1879.
IRONTON, Irontonian, C. J. McCarthy, Morning ex. M., Dem., 1888.
Irontonian, C. J. McCarthy, Tues. and Thurs., Dem., 1878.
News, C. L. Collett, Tuesday and Friday, Dem., 1899.
Register, John B. Corns, Daily, Rep., 1850.
JACKSON, Herald, E. G. Chapman, Wed. and Sat., Dem., 1851.
Standard-Journal, Schellenger, Wednesday, Rep., 1847.
Sun, D. J. Shively, Monday and Thursday, Rep., 1889.
JACKSON CENTER, News, E. Ben. Yale, Friday, 1897.
JAMESTOWN, Greene County Journal (Christy), Friday, Rep., 1870.
JEFFERSON, Gazette, E. C. Lampson, Tues., Thurs., Sat., Rep., 1876.
JEFFERSONVILLE, Citizen, L. O. Fults, Thursday, Ind., 1884.

EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 537

JOHNSTOWN, Independent, W. A. Ashbrook, Thursday, Dent, 1884.
KENMORE, Herald, V. D. Lidyard, Friday, Ind. Rep. 1913.
KENT, Courier, A. N. Lawson, Tuesday, Ind. Rep., 1886.
Tribune, Paxton & Holm, Thursday, Ind., 1915.
KENTON, Democrat, C. E. Flanagan, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem. 1892.
Democrat, C. E. Flanagan, Thursday, Dem., 1844.
News-Republican, E. E. Rutledge, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1889.
KILLBUCK, Holmes County Record, G. W. Potts, Thursday, Dem., 1924.
KINGSTON, Tribune, Paul A. Johnson, Friday, Ind., 1883.
KINSMAN, Journal, L. N. Richardson, Friday, Rep., 1917.
LAKE VIEW, Tri-County Sun, E. Benj. Yale, Friday, Ind., 1897.
LANCASTER, Eagle, A. E. Talbert, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1890.
Fairfield County Democrat, Wed. and Sat., Dem., 1888.
Gazette, C. J. Beach, Eve. ex. Sun., Rep., 1826.
Ohio Eagle, E. Wetzler, Thursday, Dem., 1809.
LA RUE, News, Elmer E. Blazer, Friday, Ind., 1877.
LEBANON, Patriot, Mary Proctor Wilson, Wednesday, Dem., 1867.
Western Star, G. H. Townsley, Thursday, Rep., 1806.
LEESBURG, Citizen, R. H. Knight, Thursday, Ind., 1913.
LETONIA, Magnet, W. T. Cutshall, Thursday, Ind. Dem., 1894.
Reporter, H. D. Arnold, Friday, Dem., 1875.
LEIPSIC, Free Press, H. M. Martin, Thursday, Ind., 1878.
LEWISBURG, Leader, G. M. Kumler, Thursday, Ind., 1897.
LIBERTY CENTER, Press, Mires Bros., Thursday, Ind., 1880.
LIMA, News & Times Democrat, E. R. Leech, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1884.
(Also publishes a Sunday edition.)
Republican Gazette, D. D. Campbell, Daily, Rep., 1880.
Star, Clarence Heller, Tuesday and Friday, Ind., 1915.
LISBON, Buckeye State, Monday and Thursday, Rep., 1852.
Journal, D. H. Frew, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1909.
LOCKLAND, Millcreek Valley News, J. G. Heher, Sat., Ind. Rep., 1885.
LODI, Review, J. W. Dunlap, Thursday, Ind., 1886.
LOGAN, Democratic Sentinel (Hansel), Thursday, Dem., 1833.
Republican, A. H. Huls, Thursday, Rep., 1910.
LONDON, Enterprise, M. H. Wallace, Tuesday and Friday, Rep., 1872.
Madison Co. Democrat, C. E. Bryan, Monday and Thursday, Dem., 1857.
Madison Press, A. K. Chenoweth, Monday and Thursday, Rep., 1917.
LORAIN, Journal, E. E. Webb, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind. Dem., 1920.
Labor Weekly, H. L. Hunt, Friday, Labor, 1919.
Times-Herald, T. De Welse, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind. Rep., 1879.
LOUDENVILLE, Times, J. P. Bowman, Thursday, Dem., 1872.
LOUISVILLE, Herald, J. C. Prenot, Thursday, Ind., 1887.
LOVELAND, Herald, S. H. Rosenthal, Thursday, Ind., 1901.
LYNCHBURG, News, Fred R. Tullis, Thursday, Ind., 1914.
MCARTHUR, Democrat-Enquirer, M. S. Cox, Wednesday, Dem., 1867.
Republican-Tribune, V. R. Sprague, Wed., Rep., 1894.
MCCOMB, Hancock Co. Herald, C. W. Griswold, Friday; Rep., 1881.
MCCONNELSVILLE, Herald, W. D. Matson, Thursday, Rep., 1836.
Morgan Co. Democrat, R. Durbin, Thursday, Dem., 1871
MADISON, News, Elmer E. Bates, Fortnightly, Rep., 1919.
MANCHESTER, Signal, Otis White, Thursday, Ind., 1881.
MANSFIELD, Courier (German), Thursday, Dem., 1872.
Journal, J. L. Coontz, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind. Dem., 1924.
News, K. H. Craig, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1885.
(Publishes a Sunday morning issue.)
MANTUA, Record, F. H. Sherwood, Thursday, Ind., 1913.
MARBLEHEAD, Peninsula News, W. T. Braithwaite, Thurs., Ind., 1901.

538 - HISTORY OF OHIO

MARIETTA, Register, J. D. Chamberlain, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind. Rep., 1801.
Times, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1898.
Times, F. R. McKinney, Sunday, Ind.
MARION, Star, Roy D. Moore, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1877.
MARTINS FERRY, Times, A. L. Sedgewick, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind. Rep., 1891.
MARYSVILLE, Tribune, I. C. Henry, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1898.
Tribune, I. C. Henry, Wednesday, Rep., 1848.
Union County Journal, Tuesday and Friday, Dem., 1874.
MASSILLON, Independent, B. V. R. Skinner, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1863.
MAUMEE, Advance Era, H. M. Pomeroy, Friday, Ind., 1872.
MECHANICSBURG, News, S. W. Rawson, Thursday, 1924.
Telegram, C. C. Slater, Ev. ex. Sat., Sun., Local, 1903.
MEDINA, Medina Co. Gazette, W. B. Baldwin, Tuesday and Friday, Rep., 1832.
Sentinel, Geo. M. Denton, Thursday, Dem., 1884.
MENDON, Herald, O. Frank Geiger, Thursday, Ind., 1895.
MATAMORA, Record, C. H. McComb, Friday, Ind., 1901.
MIAMISBURG, News, C. F. Kinder, Thursday, Local, 1880.
MIDDLEFIELD, Times, H. T. Olds, Wednesday, Rep., 1912.
MIDDLETON, Journal, Frank B. Pauly, Ev. and Sun. Morn., Rep., 1857.
News-Signal, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1888.
MILAN, Ledger, L. T. Cronk, Thursday, Local, 1889.
MILFORD, Record, J. A. Samsel, Thursday, Rep., 1912.
MILFORD CENTER, Ohioan, Harry L. Agner, Thursday, Ind., 1888.
MILLERSBURG, Holmes Co. Farmer, L. G. Barton, Thurs., Dem., 1828.
Holmes Co. Hub, H. E. C. Rowe, Wed., Ind. Rep., 1844.
MINERAL CITY, Promoter, W. O. Markham, Thursday, Rep., 1924.
MINERVA, News and Clay City Times, Thursday, Ind., 1884.
MINGO JUNCTION, News, F. E. Barnes, Thursday, Ind., 1910.
MINISTER, Post, Friday, Dem., 1896.
MONROEVILLE, Spectator, L. O. Simmons, Wednesday, Ind., 1870.
MONTPELIER, Enterprise, R. H. Weaver, Thursday, Dem., 1880.
Leader, O. W. Carolus, Thursday, Rep., 1889.
MOUNT BLANCHARD, Journal, S. B. Callon, Friday, Ind., 1908.
MOUNT GILEAD, Morrow Co. Sentinel, H. F. Griffith, Thursday, Rep., 1848.
Union Register, C. V. Beebe, Wed., Dem., 1848.
MOUNT HEALTHY, Hill Top Weekly, W. W. Porter, Friday, Ind., 1819.
MOUNT STERLING, Tribune, J. W. Williams, Thursday, Ind., 1887.
MOUNT VERNON, Banner, R. B. Armstrong, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1836.
Republican-News, C. C. Tams, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep.,1894.
MOUNT VICTORY, Observer, R. G. English, Thursday, 1918.
NAPOLEON, Henry Co. Demokrat (Ger.),Wednesday, Dem., 1885.
Henry Co. Signal (Belknap), Thursday, Rep., 1864.
Northwest News, L. L. Orwig, Thursday, Dem., 1852.
NELSONVILLE, News, D. D. Crawford, Thursday, 1921.
NEVADA, News, Frank Holmes, Thursday, Ind., 1872.
NEWARK, Advocate, C. H. Spencer, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1820.
American Tribune, C. H. L. Long, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1887.
Leader, Julius Juch, Friday, Labor, 1917.
NEW BREMEN, Sun, Friday, Ind., 1886.
NEW CARLISLE, Sun, E. M. Hager, Thursday, Rep., 1901.
NEWCOMERSTOWN, Index, E. F. Duff, Wednesday, Ind., 1870.
News, Wednesday, Neutral, 1898.
NEW CONCORD, Enterprise, Wednesday, Ind., 1880.
NEW HOLLAND, Leader, Floyd W. James, Thursday, Ind., 1887.
NEW LEXINGTON, Herald, P. M. Cullinan, Thursday, Dem., 1867.
Tribune, La Bert Davie, Thursday, Rep., 1871.
NEW LONDON, Record, Thursday, Ind., 1870.

EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 539

NEW MADISON, Herald, H. K. Knodle, Thursday, Dem., 1894.
NEW MATAMORAS, Enterprise, L. R. Sharp, Thursday, Ind., 1809.
NEW PARIS, Mirror, Van Zant & Warfe, Thursday, Ind., 1878.
NEW PHILADELPHIA, Advocate-Tribune, W. A. Korns, Wednesday, Rep., 1819.
Labor News, T. H. Darst, Semi-monthly, Labor, 1918.
Ohio Democrat and Times, Thurs., Dem., 1839.
Times, J. E. Hurst, Ev. ex. Sun. Ind., 1903.
NEWTON FALLS, Herald, Aime Todd, Thursday, Rep., 1881.
NEW VIENNA, Reporter, C. I. Straus, Thursday, Ind., 1890.
NEW WASHINGTON, Herald, Kleinfelter & Shealy, Friday, Dem., 1881.
NILES, Independent, Harry R. Marlow, Friday, Dem., 1869.
Times, H. E. Harner, Ev. ex. Sun., 1924.
NORTH BALTIMORE, Beacon, G. W. Wilkinson, Friday, Pro. R., 1884.
Times, Claude Gleason, Friday, Ind. Dem., 1887.
NORTH CANTON, Sun, Hall & Long, Thursday, Ind., 1922.
NORWALK, Experiment, Tuesday, Dem., 1835.
Huron Co. News, Friday, Dem., 1882.
Reflector-Herald, R. C. Snyder, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind.Rep., 1830.
NORWOOD, Advertiser, F. L. Westerman, Thursday, 1921.
Enterprise, Dale Wolf, Tuesday, Dem., 1894.
Republican, G. E. Wright, Friday, Rep., 1910.
OAK HARBOR, Ottawa Co. Exponent, D. A. Kraemer, Sat., Dem., 1871.
OAK HILL, Press, Arch Martin, Thursday, Rep., 1907.
OAKWOOD, News, F. M. Chalfont, Thursday, Ind., 1902.
OBERLIN, News, W. H. Philips, Wednesday, Rep., 1860.
Tribune, C. W. Kinney, Friday, Rep., 1894.
OHIO CITY, Progress, G. R. Kinder, Friday, Ind., 1895.
ORRVILLE, Courier-Crescent, W. G. Heebsh, Tuesday and Friday, Neutral, 1867.
ORWELL, News Letter, Daisy W. Dixon, Thursday, Ind., 1890.
OSBORN, Bath Township Herald, Friday, Ind., 1923.
OTTAWA, Gazette, G. A. Stauffer, Friday, Rep., 1880.
Putnam Co. Sentinel, E. J. Beckman, Friday, Dem., 1841.
OXFORD, (Has several college publications.)
PAINESVILLE, Lake Co. Herald, W. D. Meredith, Tuesday and Thursday, Dem., 1899.
Lake Erie Record, College, Bi-monthly, 1887.
Telegraph, Harold Johnson, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1822.
PANDORA, Times, D. B. Bainger, Thursday, Ind., 1899.
PATASKALA, Standard, W. S. Needham, Thursday, Rep., 1886.
PAULDING, Democrat, C. R. Webster, Thursday, Dem., 1873.
Paulding Co. Republican, J. R. Ross, Thursday, Rep., 1866.
PAYNE, Reflector and Press Review, Thursday, Ind., 1885.
PEMBERVILLE, Leader, G. H. Speck, Thursday, Ind., 1885.
PERRYSBURG, Journal, L. C. Marti, Thursday, Ind., 1853.
PIKETON, Republican, A. B. Anderson, Saturday, Rep., 1904.
PIONEER, Tri-State Alliance, M. E. Cromer, Thursday, Rep., 1879.
PIQUA, Call and Press Dispatch, Ridenour, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1883.
PLAIN CITY, Advocate, J. O. Lehman, Thursday, Ind., 1894.
PLEASANT HILL, Stillware Valley News, Thursday, Rep., 1915.
PLYMOUTH, Advertiser, Jack Hampton, Thursday, Ind. 1852.
POMEROY, Democrat, J. E. Carlton, Thursday, Dem., 1888.
News, Ralston Russell, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1910.
Tribune-Telegraph, C. A. Hartly, Wednesday, Rep., 1842.
PORT CLINTON, Ottawa Co. Herald, J. H. Faus, Friday, Rep., 1902.
Ottawa Co. News Democrat, Friday, Dem., 1865.
Ottawa Co. Republican, A. G. Winnie, Fri., Rep., 1887.
Progressive Times, Friday, Dem, 1890.

540 - HISTORY OF OHIO

PORTSMOUTH, Labor Review, Saturday, Labor, 1918.
Pilot (Negro), W. E. Halet, Saturday, Ind., 1924.
Sun, G. M. Taylor, Morn. ex. Sun and Mon., Rep., 1921.
Sun-Times, G. M. Taylor, Sunday, Rep., 1921.
Valley Farmer, D. VanGorder, Saturday, Agtl., 1923.
PRAIRIE DEPOT, Observer, H. L. Hodges, Friday, Ind., 1894.
PROSPECT, Monitor, W. C. Shoemaker, Thursday, Ind., 1878.
RAVENNA, Portage Co. Democrat (Sherwood), Thursday, Dem., 1868.
Republican, A. B. Robinson, Mon., Wed., Fri., Rep., 1830.
REPUBLIC, Reporter, Hossler & Kimmel, Thursday, Neutral, 1910.
REYNOLDSBURG, News-Gazette, 0. P. Gayman, Thursday, Local, 1906.
RICHWOOD, Gazette, O. A. Keigley, Thursday, Rep., 1872.
RIPLEY, Bee, Katherine Carlisle, Thursday, Ind., 1846.
RISING SUN, Unique Weekly, C. C. Myers, Thursday, Ind., 1907.
RITTMAN, Press, J. H. Hickin, Thursday, Ind., 4912.
ROCK CREEK, Independent, Ed. E. Cook, Thursday, 1922.
ROCKFORD, Press, G. R. Kinder, Friday, Ind., 1883.
ROSEVILLE, Leader, Frank Johnson, Wednesday, Ind. Dem., 1888.
RUSSELLVILLE, Advocate, J. N. Calvert, Thursday, Ind., 1905.
SABINA, News-Record, J. F. Gaskins, Thursday, Dem., 1894.
Tribune, Howard Barns, Tuesday, Dem., 1894.
ST. CLAIRSVILLE, Belmont Chronicle, Thursday, Rep., 1813.
Gazette, A. R. Bingman, Thursday, Dem., 1812.
ST. MARYS, Leader, John L. Sullivan, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1902.
ST. PARIS, News-Dispatch, L. E. Brown, Thursday, Ind., 1871.
SALEM, News, Salem Pub. Co., Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1886.
SANDUSKY, Register, E. H. Mack, Morn. ex. Mon., Rep., 1822.
(Sunday edition is also run.)
State-Journal, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1866.
SARDINIA, News, J. W. Greiner, Thursday, Ind., 1908.
SEBRING, Times, J. E. Torbert, Friday, Ind., 1907.
SHAWNEE, Peoples Advocate, John C. Fleming, Thursday, Local, 1891.
SHELBY, Globe, R. L. Castor, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1900.
SHERWOOD, Chronicle, Mrs. J. E. Etchie, Friday, Ind., 1902.
SHILOH, Digest, Jack Hampton, Thursday, Ind., 1924.
SHREVE, News, L. S. Miley, Friday, Ind., 1866.
SIDNEY, Journal, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1908.
News, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1891.
Republican, A. F. Oldham, Thursday, Rep., 1908.
Shelby Co. Democrat, E. C. Amos, Friday, Dem., 1849.
SOMERSET, Press, C. L. Mortal, Wednesday, Ind., 1873.
SOUTH CHARLESTON, Sentinel, A. W. Dyer, Thursday, Rep., 1840.
SOUTH EUCLID, Random Shots, H. E. Burdett, Thursday, Ind., 1916.
SOUTH SOLON, News, J. R. Stroup, Thursday, Ind., 1902.
SPENCERVILLE, Journal-News, P. W. Cochrun, Thursday, Ind., 1879.
SPRINGFIELD, News, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind. Dem., 1817.
Sun, H. B. Kerr, Every Morn., Rep., 1894.
Tribune, Friday, Labor, 1909.
STEUBENVILLE, Gazette, J. W. Burchinal, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1865.
Herald, Thursday, Rep., 1806.
Herald-Star, Chas. D. Simeral, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1847.
Messaggero (Italian), Saturday, 1915.
STRASBURG, Record, J. A. Spidell, Wednesday, Local, 1907.
STRUTHERS, Tribune, D. E. Knepper, Thursday, Rep., 1914.
STRYKER, Advance, J. L. Nichols, Thursday, Ind., 1882.
SUGAR CREEK, Budget, S. A. Smith, Thursday, Neutral, 1890.
SUNBURY, News, O. W. Whitney, Thursday, Ind., 1894.
SWANTON, Enterprise, D. J. Robbins, Thursday, Ind., 1886.
SYCAMORE, Leader, H. C. Ramsdell, Thursday, Ind., 1892.
SYLVANIA, Sentinel, J. J. A. Parker, Thursday, Ind., 1908.
THORNVILLE, News, R. K. Belt, Friday, Ind., 1882.

EDUCATION AND THE PRESS - 541

TIFFIN, Advertiser, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1886.
Tribune, Chas. O. Locke, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1845.
TIPPECANOE CITY, Herald, P. R. Langley, Thursday, Rep., 1869.
TIRO, World, W. W. Davis, Thursday, Ind., 1910.
TOLEDO, Ameryka-Echo (Polish), Daily, Ind., 1863.
Blade, Grove Patterson, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind. R., 1848.
East Side Sun, James Toppin, Thursday, Ind., 1920.
Express (German), H. C. Vortriede, Thursday, Rep., 1853.
News-Bee, F. M. Heller, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1888.
Times, John D. Dun, Every Morn., Ind., 1846.
West End Herald, Perry Wilson, Thursday, Ind., 1916.
TORONTO, Tribune, F. Richmond, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind. Rep., 1887.
TROY, Democrat, Thursday, Dem., 1880.
Feature Weekly, Thursday, Local, 1901.
Miami Union, Pauly & McClung, Tues., Fri., Rep., 1864.
News, H. A. Pauly, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1909.
URICHSVILLE, Chronicle, P. H. Stroutt, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1895.
Chronicle, P. H. Stroutt, Wednesday, Rep. 1865.
UPPER SANDUSKY, Chief, Charles U. Read, Morn. and Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1879.
Union, L. M. Newcomer, Morn. and Eve. ex. Sun., Rep., 1845.
URBANA, Champaign Democrat, F. C. Gaumer, Tues.& Fri.,Dem., 1854.
Citizen, F. C. Gaumer, Morn. ex. Sun., Rep., 1883.
Democrat, F. C. Gaumer, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1854.
UTICA, Herald, H. E. Harris, Thursday, Rep., 1878.
VAN WERT, Bulletin, J. H. Foster Sons, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1887.
Bulletin, J. H. Foster Sons, Tuesday and Fri., Rep., 1860.
Times, Ford G. Owens, Ev. ex. Sun., Dem., 1904.
VERMILION, News, Pearl Roscoe, Thursday, Local, 1897.
VERSAILLES, Policy, Thursday, Dem., 1875.
VINTON, News, Homer Boster, Wednesday, Ind., 1924.
WADSWORTH, Banner-Press, W. S. Hostetler, Thursday, Ind., 1866.
WAPAKONETA, Auglaize Co. Democrat, C. K. Rockwell, Thursday, Dem., 1848.
Auglaize Republican, Thursday, Rep., 1881.
News, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1905.
Republican, Ev. ex. Sun., 1920.
WARREN, Tribune-Chronicle, T. H. Deming, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1876.
Trumbull Herald, C. E. Barnes, Friday, Ind., 1888.
Western Reserve, E. S. Pike, Thursday, Dem., 1883.
WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE, Herald, J. H. Harper, Morn. and Ev. ex. Sun., 1885.
Ohio State Register, J. H. Harper, Friday, Dem., 1836.
Record-Republican, Forest Tipton, Tuesday and Friday, Rep., 1879.
WATERVILLE, Chronicle, Harvey H. Sherer, Thursday, Ind., 1914.
WAUSEON, Democrat Expositor, Meister, Gibbs & Jay, Thursday, Dem., 1875.
Fulton Co. Tribune, Kenyon & Bissonnette, Fri., Rep., 1883.
Republican, F. H. Rieghard, Friday, Rep., 1854.
WAVERLY, Republican-Herald, J. P. Douglas & E. L. Sigismund, Thursday, Rep., 1842.
Watchman, A. S. Keechle, Thursday, Dem., 1912.
WAYNESBURG, Sand Valley Press, Paul H. Williams,Thurs., Rep., 1899.
WAYNESFIELD, Chronicle, E. B. Yale, Thursday, Ind., 1896.
WAYNESVILLE, Miami Gazette, D. L. Crane, Wednesday, Rep., 1850.
WELLINGTON, Enterprise, Paul L. Powell, Tues. and Fri., Ind., 1866
WELLSTON, Sentinel, J. D. Littlejohn, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1901.
Telegram, J. E. Sylvester, Wednesday, Rep., 1891.

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WELLSVILLE, Union, M. W. and Friday, Rep. 1872.
WEST ALEXANDRIA, Twin Valley Echo, C. W. McIntosh, Wednesday, Ind., 1898.
WESTERVILLE, American Issue, E. H. Cherrington, Saturday, Anti-Sal., 1895.
Public Opinion, Ray W. Gifford, Thursday, Ind., 1868.
WEST JEFFERSON, Messenger, A. H. Beardsley, Monthly, Church, 1923.
News (See Madison Press, London.)
WEST LIBERTY, Banner, Don C. Bailey, Thursday, Rep., 1882.
WEST MANCHESTER, News, H. H. Knodle, Friday, 1924.
WEST MANSFIELD, Enterprise, R. G. English, Friday, Rep., 1893.
WEST MILTON, Record, Radabaugh Bros., Wednesday, Rep., 1892.
WESTON, Wood County Herald, Walter W. Coward, Thurs., Rep., 1875.
WEST SALEM, News, E. D. Leddy, Thursday, Ind., 1922.
WEST TOLEDO, Standard, J. I. Sherwood, Thursday, Local, 1922.
WEST UNION, People,s Defender, Thursday, Dem., 1866.
WEST UNITY, Reporter, Cecile & Ray J. Warren, Wed., Ind., 1878.
WILLARD, Times, Earl S. Frye, Thursday, Non-P., 1883.
WILLIAMSPORT, News, F. L. Tipton, Thursday, Ind., 1886.
WILLOUGHBY, Republican, Ethel D. Bryant, Friday, Rep., 1892.
WILLSHIRE, Herald, Hoffer & Reichard, Thursday, Ind., 1896.
WILMINGTON, Clinton Co. Democrat, R. Kenneth Kerr, Friday, Dem., 1879.
News-Journal, W. J. Galvin, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1838.
WILMOT, Review, D. W. Wardell, Thursday, Ind., 1881.
WOODSFIELD, Monroe Co. Republican, F. M. Martin, Mon., Thurs., Rep., 1899.
Sentinel, F. L. & W. R. Williams, Thursday, Dem., 1906.
Spirit of Democracy, O. M. Greenbank, Thursday, Dem., 1844.
WOOSTER, Record, E. C. Dix, Ev. ex. Sun., 1887.
XENIA, Gazette, J. W. Chew, Ev. ex. Sun., Rep., 1881.
Herald and Democratic News, H. E. Rice, Thurs., Dem., 1891.
Republican, J. P. Chew, Morn. ex. Sun., Rep., 1912.
YELLOW SPRINGS, News, Friday, Ind. Rep., 1880.
YOUNGSTOWN, Citizen, D. Webb Brown, Thursday, Rep. K.K.K., 1915.
Journal, Byron Williams, Saturday, Local, 1907.
Labor Record, Harry Dechend, Saturday, Labor, 1907.
Romanul, J. N. Barbu, Weekly, Ind., 1903.
Slovenske Noviny (Slovak), Friday, Rep., 1910.
Telegram, W. L. Sturdevant, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind., 1852.
Vindicator, F. A. Douglas, Ev. and Sun. Morn., Dem., 1862.
ZANESVILLE, Signal, Ev. ex. Sun., Ind. Dem., 1878.
Sunday Times Signal, Sunday, Ind., 1883.
Times-Recorder, W. O. Littick, M. ex. Sunday, Ind. Rep., 1877.

CHAPTER V

OHIO LITERARY MEN AND WOMEN

The list of Ohio literary men and women is a long one. In 1903 William H. Venable, teacher, historian and poet, contributed an extended monograph on this subject which is published in the record of proceedings of the Ohio Centennial Anniversary Celebration at Chillicothe in 1903. The writer, at the request of Mr. Venable, prepared a supplementary list of writers who were born in or identified with the state. This list alone occupies twenty-four closely printed pages. No effort will be made in this brief introductory note to reproduce this list or even a portion of it containing the most noted writers.

It is generally known to Ohioans that William Dean Howells for many years prior to his death was recognized as "Dean of American Letters." Coates Kinney and John James Piatt, both of whom were born outside of the state, but were thoroughly identified with it through long residence, were widely known as poets, as were Otway Curry and Edith M. Thomas, who were born in the state. Paul Laurence Dunbar, the colored poet, whose early death was a source of regret, set a high standard for his race in literary achievements.

James Ford Rhodes, who was born in Cleveland and is still living, has written a "History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850," which is recognized as an authority wherever this subject is taught. William M. Sloane has written much that has called forth praise on French history. His "Life of Napoleon," in four volumes, has had a gratifying reception.

Other living writers in the state have been reaping their share of success in the different literary fields. The colleges and universities are furnishing writers of much promise among the younger generation. Professors William H. Siebert, Homer C. Hockett and Carl Wittke, in the Ohio State University, and Professors Beverley W. Bond, Jr., and Reginald C. McGrane of the University of Cincinnati are making reputations as historical writers.

Albert J. Beveridge, born in Highland County, Ohio, as a writer has eclipsed a brilliant record in statesmanship. His "Life of John Marshall" is regarded as a masterpiece of biographical authorship. He is said at present to be engaged in writing a life of Lincoln, which will doubtless surpass any work that has been written on this subject of never failing interest.

Brand Whitlock first acquired fame as a writer of fiction. His work, "Memories of Belgium Under the German Occupation," will always hold a very prominent place in the literature of the World war.

"A Journal of the Great War," by Gen. Charles G. Dawes, has been described and quoted elsewhere in these volumes.

Edmund Vance Cooke, the well known poet, was born in Canada, but was educated in Cleveland, where he still lives. Strickland Gillilan, who was born in Jackson, Ohio, is a popular lecturer and a writer of verse, serious and in the lighter vein.

Burton E. Stevenson, like Whitlock, first became widely known as a writer of fiction. Recently he has devoted much time to compilations for reference use in public and private libraries. The best known of these are "Poems of American History," the "Home Book of Verse," in two volumes, and the "Home Book of Modern Verse."

This list might be considerably extended. In lieu of brief refer-

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ences to other worthy authors, however, the writer has decided to give the remaining space at his command to Ohioans who have become famous far beyond the borders of their state, chiefly by a single poem or song.

ALICE CARY

Alice Cary and her sister Phoebe made their home in New York City after 1850. They succumbed to an attraction which apparently has been almost irresistible for successful men and women of letters in America. The great literary centers of the East, until recent years at least, drained the Middle West of nearly all its writers and artists. Among them all, in their mature literary achievements, perhaps none showed so strongly the continued impress of her native environment as Alice Cary.

Both inheritance and environment were dominant sources of her personal character and her art. Her first American ancestor was a graduate of Cambridge before leaving England and is credited with having established one of the first "grammar schools" in Massachusetts. The grandfather of Alice, after his service as a soldier of the Revolution, came to the Northwest Territory and acquired a tract of land in Hamilton County near. Cincinnati. That was the homestead where Alice Cary spent the quiet, almost cloistered, years of her life until she went East. It was then in the country, but long since was encroached upon by the city. The name of the old home furnished the title for "Clovernook Papers," prose sketches that delighted a generation of readers. The old home eventually was acquired and used for a charitable institution, and the name Clovernook retained.

Alice Cary was born there April 20, 1820. There was a beloved older sister, of poetic temperament, from whom she received constant encouragement until the death of this sister at the age of sixteen. Phoebe Cary was born September 4, 1824. The names of Alice and Phoebe Cary are inseparable in American literature, and their lives likewise ran together. Both died in the same year, 1871, Alice on February 12th, and Phoebe on July 31st.

Their mother is described by Alice as "a woman of superior intellect, and of a good, well ordered life. In my memory she stands apart from all others, wiser and purer, doing more and loving better than any other woman." After the death of this mother, there came into the home a step-mother, of practical nature, unsympathetic with the girls' gifts of fancy and imagination. Alice and Phoebe, therefore, endured a great deal of drudgery in the routine of farm work, including even milking. With few opportunities in school, they made their daily life a text book, and in such time as was not allotted to other tasks they indulged their talents for poetry.

The first published verses by Alice Cary appeared in a Cincinnati paper when she was eighteen. Her poems attracted attention, and several years before she left Clovernook for the more varied and active life of the metropolis her reputation had transcended the limits of local fame. Referring to her experience while living in Ohio, she wrote : "The poems I wrote in those times, and the praises they won me, were to my eager and credulous apprehension the prophecies of wonderful things to be done in the future. Even now, when I am older, and should be wiser, the thrill of delight with which I read a letter full of cordial encouragement and kindness from the charming poet, Otway Curry, is in some sort renewed. Then the voices that came cheeringly to my lonesome and obscure life from across the mountains, how precious they were to me! Among these the most cherished are Edgar A. Poe and Rufus W. Griswold."

Alice Cary's "Pictures of Memory" was included in Griswold's "Female Poets of America" (1848). Poe in reviewing this anthology

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declared the poem by Miss Cary "decidedly the noblest poem in the collection." Continuing, he said : "We speak deliberately—in all the higher elements of poetry--in true imagination—in the power of exciting the real poetical effect--the elevation of the soul, in contradistinction from mere excitement of the intellect or heart—the poem in question is the noblest in the book."

PICTURES OF MEMORY

Among the beautiful pictures
That hang on Memory,s wall,
Is one of a dim old forest,
That seemeth the best of all.
Not for its gnarled oaks olden
Dark with the mistletoe,
Not for the violets golden,
That sprinkle the vale below ;
Not for the milk-white lilies,
That lean from the fragrant hedge,
Coquetting all day with the sunbeams,
And stealing their golden edge ;
Not for the vines on the upland,
Where the bright red berries rest,
Nor the pinks, nor the pale sweet cowslip,
It seemeth to me the best.

I once had a little brother
With eyes that were dark and deep—
In the lap of that old dim forest
He lieth in peace asleep;
Light as the down of the thistle,
Free as the winds that blow,
We roved there, the beautiful summers,
The summers of long ago ;
But his feet on the hills grew weary,
And, one of the Autumn eves,
I made for my little brother
A bed of the yellow leaves.
Sweetly his pale arms folded
My neck in a meek embrace,
As the light of immortal beauty
Silently covered his face.
And when the arrows of sunset
Lodged in the tree-tops bright
He fell, in his saint-like beauty,
Asleep by the gates of light.

Therefore of all the pictures
That hang on Memory,s wall,
The one of the dim old forest
Seemeth the best of all.

WILLIAM HAINES LYTLE

Death truly loved a shining mark when on the second day of the great Battle of Chickamauga it struck down William Haines Lytle. Not yet thirty-seven, he had crowded into a brief maturity of years achievements of no mean order as lawyer, orator and soldier. His career had been a justification of the advantages bestowed by sound inheritance, family and social position, a classical education, and broad experience among men and affairs. Patriotic fervor and an inclination for military

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life had sent him as a youthful volunteer to the Mexican war and sub.. sequently had prompted him to leadership in the Ohio Militia. He was the only officer of high rank on the Union side killed during the second day,s fighting at Chickamauga. The command of a brigade had come to him as successor of another gallant Ohioan, General Sill.

William Haines Lytle was born November 2, 1826, at Cincinnati, in a spacious and comfortable mansion which had been the home of both his father and grandfather. The Lytles had settled on the Kentucky side of the Ohio near the site of Cincinnati before the close of the Revolutionary war. His grandfather, Gen. William Lytle, was a famous Indian fighter, and military titles were familiar in the family. Robert T. Lytle, father of William Haines, was a lawyer, one of the popular orators of the democratic party, and served a term in Congress.

At the age of sixteen, the youngest of the class, William Haines Lytle graduated with first honors from Cincinnati College. The next five years he read law and broadened the generous foundation of his liberal education. He volunteered and was promoted to captain of a company in a regiment that went to Mexico too late for active service. After his return he practiced law, and for two terms was a member of the Ohio. Legislature, for a time being speaker of the House. He was commissioned major-general of the Ohio Militia by Governor Chase, and at the outbreak of the Civil war was directed by Governor Dennison to establish a training camp for volunteers at Cincinnati. In June he was made colonel of the Tenth Infantry, Ohio Volunteers, which after the Battle of Carnifex Ferry was called the Bloody Tenth. Lytle himself was wounded and disabled there. The soldiers idolized him, and one of them said, "There are no men but would battle to the death if led by Colonel Lytle." Except for the periods of inaction caused by wounds, he was in the service constantly until his heroic end on September 20, 1863. His record as a soldier is epitomized in General Rosecrans official report of the Battle of Chickamauga :

"This brave and generous young officer, whose first wounds were received while fighting under my command at Carnifex Ferry (where he fell desperately wounded at the head of his regiment), was also badly wounded and taken prisoner at the Battle of Perryville, where he repelled a desperate onslaught of the enemy.

"On rejoining the Army of the Cumberland, with his well earned rank of brigadier-general, he was assigned second in command to General Sheridan. When he fell gloriously on the field of Chickamauga. Ohio lost one of her brightest jewels, and the service one of its most patriotic and promising general officers."

This is an altogether illustrious record. But curiously enough, after the fame of the warriors of his generation has been dimmed, the badge of immortality may cling to him as a poet, perhaps more strictly for his authorship of a single poem. Lytle indulged his fancy for poetical composition from his early years in college, and something more than thirty titles, including some of his juvenile efforts, have been published. The highest in order of intrinsic merit and long standing popularity among the two generations since his death, was composed in July, 1858.

ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA

I am dying, Egypt, dying !
Ebbs the crimson life-tide fast,
And the dark Plutonian shadows
Gather on the evening blast ;
Let thine arm, Oh, Queen, enfold me,
Hush thy sobs and bow thine ear,
Listen to the great heart secrets
Thou, and thou alone, must hear.

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Though my scarred and veteran legions
Bear their eagles high no more,
And my wrecked and scattered galleys
Strew dark Actium,s fatal shore ;
Though no glittering guards surround me,
Prompt to do their master,s will,
I must perish like a Roman,
Die the great Triumvir still.

Let not Caesar,s servile minions
Mock the lion thus laid low ;
‘T was no foeman,s arm that felled him,
‘T was his own that struck the blow—
His who, pillowed on thy bosom,
Turned aside from glory,s ray—
His who, drunk with thy caresses,
Madly threw a world away.

Should the base plebeian rabble
Dare assail my name at Rome,
Where the noble spouse, Octavia,
Weeps within her widowed home,
Seek her ; say the gods bear witness,—
Altars, augurs, circling wings,--
That her blood, with mine comingled,
Yet shall mount the thrones of kings.

And for thee, star-eyed Egyptian—
Glorious sorceress of the Nile !
Light the path to Stygian horrors
With the splendors of thy smile ;
Give the Caesar crowns and arches,
Let his brow the laurel twine,
I can scorn the senate’s triumphs,
Triumphing in love like thine.

I am dying, Egypt, dying ;
Hark ! the insulting foeman’s cry ;
They are coming ; quick, my falchion !
Let me front them ere I die.
Ah, no more amid the battle
Shall my heart exulting swell ;
Isis and Osiris guard thee,—
Cleopatra, Rome, farewell !

HENRY HOLCOMB BENNETT

Henry Holcomb Bennett was born in the City of Chillicothe, December 5, 1863. His brother John Bennett, now a resident of South Carolina, has been successful among American literary men, having been a newspaper correspondent and editor, novelist and poet. His poems have been represented in several anthologies.

Henry H. Bennett, after graduating from Kenyon College in 1886, spent several years in the West. On returning to Chillicothe he followed journalism until 1897. As a feature writer he wrote a number of articles on the National Guard for the magazines, and military themes engaged his attention on a number of occasions. He studied art, was a landscape painter, was a skilled ornithologist, and used his art to illustrate several books of bird and nature studies. At the time of the Ohio Centennial in 1903 he took an active part in the celebration at Chilli-

548 - HISTORY OF OHIO

cothe. He designed the tablet which was erected on the Ross County courthouse commemorating that as the site of the first capitol of Ohio.

Mr. Bennett died at Chillicothe April 30, 1924. He had been a more or less regular contributor of prose and verse to magazines. The poem that gained widest popularity and is reproduced here was first published in The Youth's Companion, and in spirit and content is worthy of a permanent place in the patriotic verse of our republic.

THE FLAG GOES BY

Hats off !
Along the street there comes
A blare of bugles, a ruffle of drums,
A flash of color beneath the sky :
Hats off !
The flag is passing by.

Blue and crimson and white it shines,
Over the steel-tipped, ordered lines.
Hats off !
The colors before us fly ;
But more than the flag is passing by :

Sea-fights and land-fights, grim and great,
Fought to make and to save the State ;
Weary marches and sinking ships ;
Cheers of victory on dying lips ;

Days of plenty and years of peace ;
March of a strong land's swift increase ;
Equal justice, right and law,
Stately honor and reverend awe ;

Sign of a nation, great and strong
To ward her people from foreign wrong ;
Pride and glory and honor,—all
Live in the colors to stand or fall.

Hats off !
Along the street there comes
A blare of bugles, a ruffle of drums ;
And loyal hearts are beating high :
Hats off !
The flag is passing by. !

LUCIEN SEYMOUR'S "OHIO"

The following poem is here reproduced because of its wide popularity. Other poems have been written on Ohio, but this one seems thus far to have caught the popular ear. It was published anonymously for a time, but this did not seem to disturb the modest author. His identity was finally established and confirmed by his own admission. So far as known these are the only verses from his pen that have been published. His name is Lucien Seymour. He was born on a farm near Ashtabula, Ohio, in 1853. Later his parents moved into that city, where he attended the public schools. For a time he was a student in Racine College at Racine, Wisconsin. All his life he has pursued a business career. In 1900 he was elected grand secretary of the Ohio Royal Arcanum, and served in this capacity five years. While in this position he wrote the following verses :

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OHIO

The sun never shone on a country more fair
Than beautiful, peerless Ohio.
There's life in a kiss of her rarified air,
Ohio, prolific Ohio.
Her sons are valiant and noble and bright,
Her beautiful daughters are just about right,
And her babies, God bless them, are clear out of sight—
That crop never fails in Ohio !

Our homes are alight with the halo of love,
Ohio, contented Ohio ;
We bask in the smiles of the heavens above—
No clouds ever darken Ohio.
Our grain waves its billows of gold in the sun,
The fruits of our orchards are equalled by none,
And our pumpkins, some of them, weight almost a ton—
We challenge the world in Ohio !

Our girls are sweet models of maidenly grace,
In this modern Eden, Ohio.
They are perfect in figure and lovely in face,
That’s just what they are in Ohio.
Their smiles are bewitching and winning and sweet,
Their dresses are stylish, yet modest and neat,
A Trilby would envy their cute little feet,
In beautiful, peerless Ohio.

When the burdens of life I am called to lay down,
I hope I may die in Ohio.
I never could ask a more glorious crown
Than one of the sod of Ohio.
And when the last trump wakes the land and sea,
And the tombs of the earth set their prisoners free,
You may all go aloft, if you choose, but for me,—
I think I'll just stay in Ohio.

DANIEL DECATUR EMMETT, AUTHOR OF DIXIE

A Scotch patriot of the olden time declared, "If a man were permitted to make all the ballads, he need not care who should make the laws of a nation ;" and a noble American woman, Frances E. Willard, declared, "No names are deathless save those of the world’s singers."

If this ascription of power and immortality seems somewhat sweeping and a little too poetically generous, the fact remains that music, affecting as it does the emotional in man, and touching all its keys, exerts a distinct influence on individual and national destiny ; and the simple songs that find their way to the universal heart shall survive long after the singer has departed, and his very name, to the millions who have felt the spell of his genius, has ceased to be even a memory. The popular melody is one of the avenues through which the human soul finds expression. It has its charm "to soothe the savage breast," it has likewise its stimulus to action. With paeans on their lips men "have crowded the road to death as to a festival." In our annals the song writers deserve a place. From lullaby to battle hymn they help to mold character and build the state.

In 1815, when Ohio was but twelve years old, when Columbus was a mere village, and the state capitol was still located at Chillicothe, in the