100 - HISTORY lyzed by the suddenness and magnitude of the catastrophe, he undertook on his own responsibility communication with other municipalities, the governor of Ohio and the National Red Cross at Washington, D. C. It was at his request that the mayor of Cincinnati sent a special police detachment with boats to aid in the saving of those who had been driven to the upper floors of their homes in the inundated district, and it was upon his advice that Governor Cox diverted to other stricken cities the contingents of the National Guard originally assigned to duty in Middletown. Not only did Mr. Goldman thus assume the responsibility for maintaining order in Middletown without the use of the militia, but he advanced his personal credit for the purchase of foodstuffs and equipment for the public kitchens which he established during the first days of the flood. In the course of rescue work in the flooded streets he slipped and fell, striking his back against the side of the police boat in which he was collecting refugees. He sustained a serious injury from which he has never entirely recovered, but he did not allow this to interfere in the slightest with his activity, and it was not until after the waters had subsided and Middletown, under the direction of the forces he had marshalled, was well along with the work of restoration and rehabilitation that he consented to consult a physician and the fact of his accident became known. Besides a general real estate brokerage business, Mr. Goldman has extensive investments and properties of his own to look after. He has been a leader in the conceptive side of the real estate business as a subdivider and home builder. He opened up the Belmont Addition, which he later sold to the Middletown Realty Company. This company added to it the Hergert property and Hospital Hill, the combined subdivision, which is now the most exclusive residential section of Middletown, being called the Highlands. In 1920, Mr. Goldman opened the Plainview Addition of thirty acres, which was sold by the Middletown Real Estate Board in one day. He was one of the prime movers of the Middletown Realty Company, and has been its treasurer and director since its organization. Some years ago this company began the development of Park Place Addition of seventy acres, and a house is now built on every lot. Mr. Goldman also does a general fire and tornado insurance business, representing such old-line companies as the National Union and the Northwestern National. He is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Knights of Pythias. On January 1, 1891, Mr. Goldman married Miss Minnie Sheafor, of Middletown, daughter of Alfred and Elizabeth (Selden) Sheafor. Her father was a member of a family long established and still prominent in the Miami Valley. He was a lieutenant in the Union Army during the Civil war, and later was very well known in Grand Army circles. For many years he was interested in various farming and business enterprises near or in Middletown. Elizabeth Selden Sheafor was the daughter of Alanson Douglas Selden, a cousin of Lincoln's great opponent, Senator Stephen Arnold Douglas, and a man actively identified with the life of the Miami Valley from the very opening years of the last century. Mrs. Goldman was educated in the schools of Franklin and Middletown. She is a member of the Home Culture Club and the Daughters of the American Revolution and of various parish organizations of the Church of the Ascension. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Trine Goldman have one son, Marcus Selden Goldman, who has devoted, himself to literary scholarship, art criticism and practical journalism. He was born May 12, 1894, and was educated in the Middletown schools, Culver Military Academy, Culver, Indiana, from which he was graduated in the classical course in 1912, Miami University, the University of Illinois, and the University of Paris. At Miami he was editor of the year book as a junior and one of the three editors of the Student as a senior. His general academic fraternity is Delta Upsilon, and he is also a member of the journalistic fraternity, Sigma Delta Chi, and of the senior society, Red Cowl. Mr. Goldman received his Bachelor of Arts at Miami in 1916, and entered the graduate school of the University of Illinois, in which he had been elected to a scholarship. Mr. Goldman received his Master of Arts degree at Illinois in June, 1917, and in May he had been elected to a fellowship for the following year, which he declined because of enlistment in the United States Army Ambulance Service with the French Army. During the remainder of 1917, Mr. Goldman trained at Camp Crane, Allentown, Pennsylvania, with S. S. U. 611, the University of Illinois section of the U. S. A. A. S., and went overseas with it in March, 1918. His service took him to several of the most important battles in which American forces were engaged. He saw action notably on the Baccarat sector, Lorraine, in the Marne-Aisne offensive from Fere-en-Tardenois north across the Vesle to the Aisne, throughout the entire battle of the forest of Argonne, in which he participated in the relief of the celebrated Lost Battalion of the 77th Division, and at Verdun. At the time of the armistice he was transferred to Ambulance Service Headquarters in Paris and became assistant editor of The Radiator, the official newspaper of the organization. Later he was assigned to the Sorbonne detachment under the direction of the Army Educational Commission, and became student assistant to Prof. Henry Lemmonier, the celebrated historian, in the series of lectures he gave for American soldiers. Together with other student assistants Mr. Goldman received a present of books from the University of Paris in appreciation of services rendered during the special session for American military, students. At about this same time Mr. Goldman represented the enlisted men of the United States Army Ambulance Service in the general convention of the American Expeditionary Forces at which the American Legion was organized. At the conclusion of the army school term Mr. Goldman was returned to the states for demobilization at Mitchell Field, Long Island, in July, 1919. He held at that time the rank of sergeant first class. Shortly after leaving the army Mr. Goldman was elected a Fellow in English Philology by the Society for American Fellowships in French Universities, and, re-crossing the Atlantic in November, enrolled for a second time in the Sorbonne, the old College of Liberal Arts of the University of Paris, which derives its name from that of its great medieval patron, Robert de Sorbonne, the chaplain of the sainted King Louis IX. For two years the young American continued his studies at this venerable institution, his fellowship being renewed by the American Field Service when it absorbed the Society for American Fellowships in French Universities in 1920, and he has a thesis for the doctorate registered with the secretary of the faculty, though it is not his intention to present it until he has first received the degree from some American institution. Upon the expiration of his fellowship Mr. Goldman became dramatic and fine arts critic of the European edition of the New York Herald, a position which he held until August, 1923, when he returned to America to become Greek and Latin master at the Hoosac School, Hoosick, New York. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Trine Goldman visited their son in 1920 while he was attending the Sorbonne, spending three months with him, inspecting the devastated area in France and making short stays in England and Switzerland. HISTORY OF OHIO - 101 CLARENCE E. JURGENSEN. Since graduating in 1907, Mr. Jurgensen has followed his profession as an optometrist in several of the larger cities of Ohio, and is now engaged in a successful independent practice at Middletown. He was born at Cold Springs, Kentucky, September 25, 1893, son of H. John and Mary Jurgensen, of Mount Washington, Ohio. His mother is now deceased. Mr. Jurgensen was educated in the Horace Mann School at Cincinnati, graduated in 1907 from the Salem School in Mount Washington, Ohio, and took his professional work in the Philadelphia Optical College at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. After that he spent five years with the Standard Optical Company at Cincinnati, and was with the White-Haines Optical Company at Columbus, and later at their Indianapolis office. On returning to Cincinnati he was with the optical establishment of Arthur Ehrmantraut until July, 1922, when he established himself in Middletown, at 316 South Main Street. He has his office equipped with every modern appliance known to his profession, the equipment alone costing several thousand dollars. After the creation of the Ohio State Board of Optometry he took the first examination offered by the board, and was given a license to practice on July 21, 1920. Mr. Jurgensen is a member of the Ohio State and American Associations of Optometry. He is affiliated with the Masonic Lodge. On September 11, 1915, at Mount Washington, Ohio, he married Miss Marguerite Beck, daughter of Alfred L. and Lelia (West) Beck. She was educated in the public schools of Mount Washington, is a graduate of the Woodward High School of Cincinnati, and is now an active member of the Parent-Teachers Association of Middletown. They have two children, Mary Elizabeth, born in 1917, and June Lelia, born in 1921. SAMUEL H. KITCHEN. The real estate firm of Kitchen & Sheets at Middletown, though one of the youngest, is one of the most rapidly growing general brokerage real estate organizations in Butler County. The partnership was formed April 1, 1923. This firm has already achieved a remarkable success in marketing subdivisions. It put on and sold out the Runnymeade addition of 120 acres, disposing of 100 lots in this addition in eighteen days. The Grandview addition of twenty acres was sold out by the firm in less than two weeks. In the Millville addition the firm had the experience of selling fifteen lots before the proposition was ready for the market. During the first year the firm sold about 250 homes. They have limited their activities entirely to a brokerage business in real estate, acting as brokers for individuals and also for other real estate firms. Samuel H. Kitchen, senior member of the partnership, was born February 3, 1883, in Berkeley County, West Virginia, son of the late Henry C. Kitchen. He acquired his early education in the public schools of his native county, and subsequently attended high school at Dayton, Ohio. Mr. Kitchen, as well as his partner, is a veteran employe of the telephone industry. He was with the Bell Telephone Company as messenger, then installer, then switch board repair. man, then wire chief, and subsequently as toll line wire chief for the State of Ohio, District No. 3. He became plant chief of the Springfield, Ohio, plant, and then manager of the Middletown branch. In 1916 he resigned his post in the telephone service to engage in the real estate business as a sales manager for Nein Brothers at Middletown. He left this old and well-known firm to go into business for himself on April 1, 1923. He is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, and the Elks, and in Masonry is a past master of his lodge, a member of the Royal Arch Chapter, the Council, the Knight Templar Commandery, the Mystic Shrine. He is president of the Middletown Realty Board, and a member of the Ohio State and National Real Estate Association. He is secretary of the Board of Directors and a member of the Building Committee of the Middletown Young Men's Christian Association, and is a member of the Men 's Bible Class in the United Brethren Church. He also belongs to the Community Golf Club and the Middletown Civic Association. Mr. Kitchen married Miss Grace I. Metherd, of Dayton, June 20, 1906. Her father, Ben F. Metherd, is a retired capitalist. Mrs. Kitchen was educated in the Dayton High School, and is a member of the Woman's Bible Class of the United Brethren Church and of the Parent-Teachers Association of the Lincoln and Sherman public schools. They have three children : Grace Elizabeth, born in 1908, a student in the Middletown High School; Virginia Louise, born in 1910, attending the junior high school; and Ben M., born in 1914, a pupil in the Lincoln Public School. Hobart L. Sheets, junior member of the real estate firm of Kitchen & Sheets, was born at Middletown, January 30, 1896. fie was educated in high school, and then went to work in the offices of the Bell Telephone Company as an accountant. He resigned in 1916 to become a real estate salesman with Nein Brothers, and on April 1, 1923, became associated with Mr. Kitchen, as above noted. He is an ex-service man, having served as a member of Company E of the Three Hundred Thirtieth Infantry during the World war. lie is affiliated with the American Legion, the Knights of Pythias, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Masons, and is a member of the Community Golf Club and Civic Association. On December 10, 1919, at Middletown, Mr. Sheets married Miss May Binkley, who was also educated in the Middletown High School. They have one son, James Harrison, born March 17, 1923. Kitchen & Sheets acquired the Jewell and Mary Fisher Smith farms of 278 acres in 1924 and organized the Kitchen & Sheets Development Company. They platted the above farms in 607 lots, known as Dixie Heights, which is selling very rapidly. This subdivision fronts 4,500 feet on Dixie Highway and 2,700 feet on Manchester Road, opposite the 400-acre A. R. M. Company Park. This is the largest plat ever recorded from this section in Butler County. LLEWELYN LEWIS, president of the American Water Motor Company at Columbus, is one of a remarkable family of brothers, seven of whom are living. All the others have prominent executive positions in the great iron and steel industries of Ohio and Pennsylvania, and practically all of them passed some of their boyhood working days in coal mines. With a start from humble beginnings these sons have attained positions of great responsibility and business industry, and several of them have been advanced leaders in promoting industrial welfare and democracy among the working element. The parents of these sons were Thomas J. and Mary (Jones) Lewis, natives of Wales. They came to America in the '50s, locating in the coal mining regions of Pennsylvania. Thomas J. Lewis spent practically all his life as a coal miner. In the late '70s the family moved to Martin's Ferry, Belmont County, Ohio, then and now the center of the largest coal mining industry in this state. All the sons grew up in the coal mining industry, and most of them worked in the mines as soon as old enough, later going into the rolling mills and other departments of iron and steel manufacture. The seven sons still living have all advanced to higher positions. Most of them learned mechanical trades in 102 - HISTORY OF OHIO iron and steel plants, and they are now prosperous and substantial citizens of Ohio and Pennsylvania. The oldest of the sons was the late W. T. Lewis, for many years a prominent labor leader in the United States. In his early life he was associated with T. V. Powderly, head of the old Knights of Labor, and in later years became a conspicuous figure in the American Federation of Labor. W. T. Lewis as a boy worked on the breakers in the coal mines in Pennsylvania, and continued his work as a coal miner after the family moved to Ohio. In this environment he showed his abilities as an organizer and speaker, and in subsequent years he was drawn into the high councils of the republican party as political manager in the labor unions. He served as labor commissioner of Ohio under Governor McKinley and Governor Harris, and as such was responsible for many advanced measures for the benefit of labor that are still on the statute books of the state, including the State Free Employment Bureau and various child labor regulations. He was president of the American Federation of Labor for Ohio. His achievements as a student and investigator of labor conditions, both in this country and in Europe, make up an important contribution to the history of the labor movement. He was commissioned by the Scripps-McRae League of newspapers to write reports on these conditions in Europe. He was one of the organizers of the Progressive Union. Another of these brothers is T. L. Lewis, now secretary of the New River Coal Operators' Association of West Virginia. He succeeded John Mitchell as president of the United Mine Workers of America, and served some years at the head of the miners' federation. Eventually his services were taken over by the operators' themselves. Mr. Llewelyn Lewis, of Columbus, was born in Pennsylvania, in 1875, but has spent practically all his life in Ohio. As a boy he worked in the mines in the Martin's Ferry district, and then in the rolling mills in that city, becoming a steel worker. For several years his home was in Perry County, Ohio, and in 1912 he removed to Columbus, where he has resided for eleven years. The American Water Motor Company, of which he is president, has a plant on East Eleventh Street. One of its products is the water motor washing machine which was invented by his brother, the late W. T. Lewis, the first machine of its kind in America. An important product of the plant is automobile parts for the Ford Motor Company of Detroit. It is one of the very substantial and successful industries of Columbus. During the war the factory was given over to the manufacture of war materials, consisting principally of screw machines for the 37-millimetre guns. Altogether the plant has a reputation for mechanical engineering of the highest order. Like the two brothers mentioned above, Llewelyn Lewis was, until he engaged in manufacturing for himself, a leader in labor circles. Like two of his brothers he served as president of the Ohio Federation of Labor. He was instrumental in having the child labor law of Ohio passed while he was in that office. He served as vice president of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers. During several of the national and state campaigns he was associated with the National Republican Campaign Committee as a speaker in behalf of the labor element. He had charge of the labor end of the late President Harding 's campaign for governor of Ohio. During the great steel strike of 1908 Mr. Lewis spoke on the same platform with Raymond Robbins of Chicago in the steel manufacturing districts of Ohio and Pennsylvania. He is a man of fearless purpose, and was prominent in several of the great strikes as well as in political campaigns. Mr. Llewelyn Lewis married at Martin's Ferry, Ohio, Miss Anna Hilton, a native of England. They have one son and one daughter, both students in the Ohio State University, William T. and Ora L. Lewis. GUSTAV A. WILMER, SR. One of the oldest active business men and financiers of Middletown is Gustav A. Wilmer, Sr., president of the Middletown Building and Deposit Association. He has been an active figure in the business circles of that city for over forty years. Mr. Wilmer was born at Dayton, Ohio, November 11, 1856, son of Arnold and Elizabeth (Ties) Wilmer. He was reared in Butler County, Ohio, attended the public schools at Hamilton, and as a youth went to work and on his own merits and the basis of his industry has made his progress toward success. For several years he was employed in a dry goods store, and then, in December, 1882, came to Middletown, where he identified himself with the Sebald Brewing Company as secretary and treasurer. He still holds that executive office in what is one of the oldest industries of the city. The Middletown Building and Deposit Association, of which he is president, was started May 5, 1875, as the Union Loan and Building Association. It is one of the oldest building and loan associations in Ohio, and has had a remarkable record of service in realizing its essential purpose as an aid to home building. This association now has over $3,000,000 in assets. It has been known as the Middletown Building and Deposit Association since May 6, 1886, and Mr. Wilmer had been president since 1913. He was also actively identified with the movement to establish a public library, and the first meeting of the public library association was held at his residence. He is one of the library trustees. He is also a director in the Sebald Realty Company. Mr. Wilmer is a Royal Arch Mason, is a past grand of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and for ten years was treasurer of the lodge, is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Orders of Elks, the Modern Woodmen of America, and the Independent Order of Foresters. He is a trustee of the Woodside Cemetery Association. On March 22, 1883, he married Miss Minnie A. Sebald, a member of the prominent Sebald family of Middletown, some record of which is preserved on other pages of this publication. Mrs. Wilmer was educated in the Middletown High School, and has been an active worker in St. Paul's Episcopal Church. The children of their marriage are: Edna, wife of Harry Bachman, of Cambridge City, Indiana; G. W. A. Wilmer, present city attorney of Middletown; Louise, wife of Robert MacCellan, of New York; Sebald, who is proprietor of the Central Garage at Middletown, and who married Miss Abbie Rogers, daughter of Judge Rogers. J. F. FLAHERTY. The United States Hotel of Middletown, of which he is owner and proprietor, has a justly celebrated reputation among the public houses of entertainments in the State of Ohio. It was built by the noted capitalist and manufacturer, Paul J. Sorg, to meet the growing demand for a first-class hotel in Middletown. In this instance Mr. Sorg lived up to his reputation of thoroughness and efficiency in everything he undertook, and he spared no pains to make the United States a modern hotel in every sense of the term, giving each of its eighty-five rooms equipment and facilities found only in the great hotels in the country. The hotel was purchased in December, 1920, by Mr. Flaherty, formerly of Newport News, Virginia. He has been in the hotel business all his life, and was formerly proprietor of the Pocahontas Hotel of Newport News, and also operated the Lexington Hotel in that city. He has the understanding and personal HISTORY OF OHIO - 103 qualities that make a successful landlord, as well as being a thorough master of administrative detail. His wife, formerly Miss Margaret Scaaney, of Pottsville, Pennsylvania, has been his able ally and helpmate, her business training and experience having likewise been in the hotel business. The hotel is conducted on the European plan. Many travelers have pronounced its cafe service the equal of or superior to any in the State of Ohio. Another able assistant to the managers is Mr. and Mrs. Flaherty 's accomplished niece, Miss Anna May Hanselman, who was born at Newport News, Virginia, and was educated at St. Vincent Academy in that city. A number of distinguished men have been entertained by the United States Hotel, including President William McKinley, the late President Warren G. Harding, William Jennings Bryan, Governor James E. Campbell and Governor James M. Cox. C. ED SEBALD, of Middletown, has been accustomed to heavy burdens of financial and business responsibilities since early manhood. He has been identified for many years with the Oglesby and Barnitz Bank, of which he is cashier, and has also been manager of large and valuable interests represented in the Sebald estate. He represents one of the most ancient families of Bavaria, Germany. The first church ever • erected in old Nuremburg was called Saint Sebaldus. The Sebalds have lived in Bavaria for centuries. Both father and grandfather of the Middletown banker were born in Unterfranken, Germany. The grandfather, Casper Sebald, is said to have frozen to death while returning home from Castell. He was a famous organist, greatly beloved by his people and admired for his art, and to this day a custom is maintained of making an annual pilgrimage to his grave. He is buried in the cemetery at Castell, and the following inscription appears on his tombstone: "Hier Ruht in Gott Casper Sebald, Geboren, November 6, 1796, Gestorben, January 21, 1854." The old Evangelical Protestant Church in which he played the organ and in which all the Sebald children were christened is still standing. William Sebald came to America as a young man, and for many years was prominent in business at Middletown. C. Ed Sebald was born at Middletown, in 1866, and was educated in the high school of his native city. In 1885, when he was nineteen years of age, he went to work in the Oglesby and Barnitz Bank, and has been with that institution continuously ever since. For over ten years he has held the office of cashier. At the death of his mother she left a large estate, the younger brother of C. Ed. Sebald being then only seven years of age. The older son handled the estate, and when his younger brother became of age they organized the Sebald Realty Company, which took over the Sebald holdings. This company has capital stock of $100,000, and the assert are now $750,000. The company has erected the Sebald Block, the Castell Office Building and the Reed and Klapp Building at Middletown. C. Ed Sebald is secretary and treasurer of the company. He is also a director in the American Building and Loan Association at Middletown. Mr. Sebald was one of the influential men in securing a commission form of government for Middletown. He had served eight years on the City Council, and after the adoption of a new charter served eight years as a city commissioner. He is a past exalted ruler of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, is a member of St. Paul's Evangelical Church of Middle- town, and was one of the organizers and charter members of Middletown Civic Association. In 1887 he married Miss Annie Weber, of Middletown, daughter of Jacob Weber, a cigar manufacturer. Three sons have been born to their marriage. Weber Sebald is now assistant vice president of the American Rolling Mill Company of Middletown. Herbert Sebald, the second son, is manager of some important interests in Detroit. Raymond Sebald is manager of the Sebald Realty Company of Middletown, and is agent for the New York Life Insurance Company. CARL J. MUELLER is one of the active younger members of the Butler County bar, having completed his law studies and began practice since his service in the World war. He was born at Middletown, March 16, 1895, son of Frank and Mary (Nichols) Mueller. His father was very active in business for a number of years, and, having accumulated a competence, is now retired. Carl J. Mueller attended the high school atMiddletown,, Miami University at Oxford, Ohio, and November 14, 1917, enlisted for war service. He was in training at the Wilbur Wright field at Dayton for eight months, and was then transferred to the Jersey field, where he remained until honorably discharged March 4, 1919. He was a first-class sergeant in the Aviation Corps. After leaving the army he resumed work in college, and in 1922 was graduated with the Bachelor of Laws degree from Western Reserve University at Cleveland. He was admitted to the bar, and has since engaged in practice and is also associated with his brother, Harry G. Mueller, in the real estate business. He is a member of the Butler County Bar Association, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and the college fraternities Sigma Alpha Epsilon and Phi Delta Phi. He belongs to the American Legion Post at Middletown, the Civic Association, the Young Men 's Christian Association and the Baptist Church. His brother, Harry G. Mueller, manager of the Mueller Real Estate Company at Middletown, was born July 14, 1890, and was educated in the Middletown High School and the McClelland Business College.. The Mueller Real Estate Company does a general business in real estate and fire and life insurance. They have been instrumental in developing considerable property in Middletown, and have built homes sold on the easy payment plan. The company represents the Columbia Life Insurance Company, the Massachusetts Fire and Marine Insurance Company, the State Assurance Company of London, theNationall Security Company of Omaha, and the London and Provincial of London. Harry G. Mueller is a member of the Civic Association of Middletown and is an Odd Fellow. JONATHAN RENICK FLORENCE is secretary and superintendent of the Forest Cemetery at Circleville, an office he has held for twenty-eight years. In his capacity as superintendent he has supplied most of the wonderful landscape gardening that has made one of the most beautiful burying grounds in the State of Ohio. Mr. Florence was for many years a prominent cattle raiser and farmer; and is a member of the old and conspicuous Florence family of ickawayy County. He was born in Jackson Township, on the bank of Darby Creek, May 30, 1848, son of Ezra and Sarah (Renick) Florence. His mother was a daughter of Jonathan and Lucinda (Sudduth) Renick, who were married in 1812. She was born October 17, 1828. Jonathan Renick had come from Virginia and settled in Jackson Township, Pickaway County, as early as 1798. Other members of the family subsequently joined him. The Florence family has been in ickawayy County since the early years of the nineteenth century. The founder of the family was Judge William 104 - HISTORY OF OHIO Florence, who was a conspicuous man in the early affairs of Pickaway County, Ohio, being one of the first three associate judges of that county. His son Elias was brought to Ohio when a child, and he became the owner of several thousand acres of land devoted to farming and stock raising, and served both in the Legislature and in Congress. Ezra Florence, father of Jonathan R., kept a fine herd of cattle, and one of the many silver cups won in exhibition by his stock is now owned by Jonathan R. Florence. Ezra Florence on account of ill health sold out his stock farm about 1850 and went to Texas, and he died there in 1852, when a young man. Jonathan Renick Florence was a child when his father died. He attended for a time Kenyon College, but left his studies there to return home and assist his mother. He did not revisit his old school at Gambier until 1923. He was with his mother many years, and then with his older brother, Elias, associated in farming and stock raising. They acquired much of the old family estate. Both he and his brother Elias married in 1868. His wife was Eliza Jane Steely, a daughter of Lemuel and Gwynne (Haldeman) Steely. The Steelys and Haldemans were prominent old families of Pick-away Township. Mrs. Florence was born in that township in 1847. Mr. Florence continued his cattle raising operations until 1897. He had 300 acres and was conspicuously successful, as so many others of his family have been. In 1897 he moved to Circleville, and since then has been secretary and superintendent of Forest Cemetery. This cemetery was chartered in 1858, and by various additions it now contains about seventy acres, sixty acres being timbered. Many competent judges have pronounced this the most artistically arranged cemetery in Ohio. All the landscape gardening has been supervised by Mr. Florence. While living in the country he served as township trustee and president of the school board and as road supervisor. One of the teachers of his early youth was Marcus Nash, brother of Governor George Nash. Marcus Nash perhaps more than any other of his early instructors left a profound impression upon his mind and character. Mr. Florence for forty years has been active in the York Rite bodies of Masonry at Circleville, and has held all the chairs. He is also a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason. Mrs. Florence passed away October 31, 1923. Their children are: Fannie, Mrs. J. M. Morris, who resides with her father ; Mary, deceased, who was the wife of H. M. Snyder, an attorney of Columbus; Grace, who died at the age of twenty years; Blanch, who died at the age of sixteen years; Sarah, who died at the age of fourteen years; Lemuel, who died at the age of four years; Ezra, who died in infancy, and Catherine, the wife of H. L. Hishe, of Georgia, who is in the poultry business. WILLIAM THOMAS SAWYER, ex-mayor of the City of Akron, comes from Revolutionary stock on both sides of the house. He was born December 3, 1862, in Springfield Township, Summit County, Ohio, on the farm on which his grandfather settled in the fall of 1829. He attended the country schools until he was sixteen years of age, then the Akron schools and finally Buchtel College, now Akron University, from which institution he was graduated June 23, 1887. He refused a scholarship and paid his way by acting as a salesman during vacations. He was a charter member of Lone Star, a local college fraternity which is still active and flourishing. The winter following his graduation was spent at Knoxville, Tennessee, reading law, and on May 1, 1888, he passed the examination for admission to the bar of that state. He then returned to Akron, making the trip on one of those high-wheeled bicycles of the period. He then took up newspaper work, but continued to study law. About one year later he was admitted to the bar of Ohio and commenced active practice. Though he gave a period of nearly twenty years to the practice of law and gained distinct success as a counselor and trial lawyer, it has been outside of the realm of jurisprudence that Mr. Sawyer has best exemplified his initiative and administrative ability. October 15, 1889, recorded the marriage of Mr. Sawyer and Miss Bessie Coe Voris, daughter of Gen. Alvin Coe Voris, long one of the most honored and influential citizens of Akron and Summit County. Mrs. Sawyer has much of leadership in the social and cultural circles of Akron. She is a member of the New Century Club, the Woman's City Club, the Alumni Chapter of Delta Gamma and all of the patriotic societies, including the Dames of the Loyal Legion and Woman's Relief Corps. She was one of the organizers of the Akron Chapter of the Society of Daughters of the American Revolution, and its first elected regent. She is organizing regent of the United States Daughters of 1812. Two children were born as the result of this marriage, Lucy Martha Sawyer, wife of Capt. Perry H. Stevens, an attorney at law at Akron, Ohio, and Robert Voris Sawyer, a graduate of Akron University, veteran of the World war and now manager of the Sawyer Land Company. Captain Stevens served with the American Expeditionary Forces in France and Germany. Mr. Sawyer has always taken an active interest in politics, having made his first political speech in 1884, in support of Grover Cleveland. He served two terms as treasurer of Portage Township, and was Akron's first police court prosecutor, having been appointed to this position by Mayor Wm. H. Miller. He served as a member of the Akron City Council and was mayor of Akron four years, 1908-1911, inclusive. While in this office he procured work for all who applied. He maintained that it was better to furnish employment for all able bodied people than to require them to accept charity. "The world owes no one a living, but it owes every one a job," was one of his epigrams. He wrote the first appropriation into the city budget that Akron ever made for children's playgrounds. He won a hard fought campaign for the purchase of the privately owned water-works, selected the Big Cuyahoga River as a source of supply, and purchased the land above Kent for the new reservoir and pumping station. He thus laid the foundation for, and assured the development of Akron 's splendid water system. In an address delivered at the dedication of the new plant he said, "Few cities in America have a water system as good as ours. It is an asset the value of which cannot be measured in dollars. We need not concern ourselves with the question as to who is entitled to the credit. It is sufficient to realize that the people get the benefit." He was the last mayor of Akron' who performed the duties of police judge, and was the first to exercise full executive authority with power to appoint and remove the service and safety directors and their subordinates. His administration was clean, efficient and economical. He inspected the inspectors on city work and saw to it that the city got full value. Sabbath desecration, gambling and other forms of vice were suppressed. He upheld the Printers' Union in their lawful right to picket a factory in time of strike and gave them full police protection. He has been a member of the Democratic County Committee almost continuously since 1890, and for a number of years was its chairman. He has seldom missed a county, district or state convention. He attended the Chicago Convention in 1892, which nominated Grover Cleveland, and was one of the assistant HISTORY OF OHIO - 105 secretaries of the Baltimore Convention which nominated President Wilson. In 1896 he was candidate for Congress. He stumped his district and made speeches in many other counties in the state. His voice has been heard on the stump in every campaign since he became of age. He is not a radical partisan. Locally he has voted for the best man and has even scratched one candidate of his party for governor and one for president. He served as trustee of Buchtel College for ten years. He is a Presbyterian, Odd Fellow, Elk, Eagle, Modern Woodman and is a member of the Akron City Club and the Portage Country Club. For recreation he indulges in hunting, fishing, gardening, golf and motoring. He has made a number of long trips through the East and to Florida by automobile. He and his wife believe in seeing America first. With this idea in mind they have visited every state in the Union, Alaska, all parts of Canada, Old Mexico, Central and South America and a number of the West India Islands. They usually spend their winters in Florida. While in college he was captain of the College Cadets, and held this position until his graduation. During this time he served one enlistment in Company B, Eighth Regiment, Ohio National Guard. During the Spanish-American war he organized and drilled a company of infantry and tendered its services to the Government. The war ended before they were mustered in. During the World war he was active in various campaigns for the sale of Liberty Bonds, War Savings Stamps and in raising funds for the Red Cross. In addition to the work of his profession Mr. Sawyer has been active and successful as a business man. He is financially interested in banking and manufacturing, and has extensive holdings in real estate in Ohio and Florida. As owner he has laid out and developed over forty subdivisions in and around his home city, Collinwood, Homestead, Sawyer-wood, Shore Acres and Cottage Grove being some of his larger undertakings. The records of the county recorder contain his name as grantor in deeds more frequently than that of any other individual. William T. Sawyer, subject of this sketch, is the youngest son of Robert V. and Martha Ann Sawyer. Their children were Mary, Robert, Adella and William T. His father became owner of the farm on which the Sawyer family settled when they came to the county in 1829. His grandfather, Thomas Sawyer, was born in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, in 1782. His wife was Elizabeth Day. Their children were James S., Thomas H., Margaret M., John B., Ann E., Robert V., Hannah S., William G., Benjamin F., Mary J. and Margaret C. He removed from Dauphin County to Union County, Pennsylvania, in 1810, purchased a farm near Lewisburg, and remained there about twenty years, until he came to Ohio. The trip was made in covered wagons, and required over two weeks. With them they brought ten children. Thomas Sawyer was the oldest son of Benjamin Sawyer of Dauphin County, who was born in 1748. His wife was Margaret Haynes. Their children were Thomas, William, James and Hannah (who married David Peters). Benjamin Sawyer was a Revolutionary soldier, mentioned in Pennsylvania Archives, as also was his father, William Sawyer, who was born in Ireland in 1703 and settled with his parents on the Kennebeck in Maine in the fall of 1717, according to Egle, the historian. The same authority says that William Sawyer moved to Dauphin County prior to 1735. He was a farmer, and in a few years became owner of over 500 acres of land at or near the present City of Hershey. William and his son Benjamin, with their wives and many other members of the family, are buried in the old Presbyterian Church yard at that place. Martha Ann Sawyer, mother of the subject of this sketch, was the, daughter of James and Mary Fife Sawyer. Prior to her marriage she was a teacher and lecturer. Some of the posters announcing her lectures are still in the possession of her descendants. Her paternal grandfather, Benjamin Sawyer, and great-grandfather, William Sawyer, were Revolutionary soldiers above mentioned. Her maternal grandfather, John Fife, Jr., who married Isabel Thompson, and her great-grandfather, John Fife, Sr., who married Margaret Wright, were also Revolutionary soldiers. The latter was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1721. He moved to County Tyrone, Ireland, and settled on a farm at Archill, twenty-two miles from Londonderry. In 1756 he removed to Winchester, Virginia, and to upper St. Clair Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, in 1766. They both served in the Revolutionary war from 1778 until its close. They were both in the expedition which started in Western Pennsylvania, marched to Mingo Bottom and then proceeded to Upper Sandusky, at which place they were defeated by the Indians after two days' battle, and their commander, Col. William Crawford, was captured and burned at the stake. The survivors who escaped made their way back to Pennsylvania through the wilderness. Among these were the two Fifes and also Capt. William Fife, a brother of John Fife, Sr. The members of the Sawyer family are usually tall, active, blue-eyed, self-reliant and democratic. They stand for majority rule and constituted authority. They are Scotch-Irish, and have usually belonged to the Presbyterian Church. HON. DANIEL C. BROWER. One of the most resourceful organizers and influential figures in the republican party in the State of Ohio is a Dayton insurance man, Daniel C. Brower. Since he became the recognized official head of the republican organization in Montgomery County the complexion of that county has been completely changed from one of normal democratic superiority to the production of republican majority. He has had similar success in managing campaigns over his congressional district, and throughout Southwestern Ohio his name has great prestige in republican councils. Mr. Brower was born January 30, 1876, in Preble County, which was also the native county of his parents, Joseph S. and Susan (Eby) Brower. His father was a farmer, and in 1882 moved to Montgomery County, where the mother died in 1884 and the father on April 21, 1911. Daniel C. Brower was educated in public school, in the high school at Trotwood, Ohio, and in Ohio Northern University at Ada. Seven years of his early manhood were devoted to teaching and for a time he was principal of the New Lebanon schools. While a school teacher he took up insurance as a side line and vacation work but since 1902 has devoted his full time to the business, becoming in that year assistant district manager for the National Life Insurance Company of Vermont and two years later was promoted to district manager. For nine years he ranked first in business secured among all the general agents in Ohio and in June, 1919, broke all records of business secured by agents for this company since it was founded in 1860. In 1921 he also took the agency of the Detroit Fidelity and Security Company of Detroit. In 1923 he led all of this company's agencies in production of business, having written $5,014,615 in that year. Mr. Brower in 1900 was chosen republican precinct committeeman. In 1906 he managed a successful campaign for the election of his brother, George W. Brower, to the office of county recorder, and two 106 - HISTORY OF OHIO years later managed his brother 's campaign for county auditor. In 1910, on the death of his brother, he became candidate for the office of county auditor. During these years he began the study and systematic organization of Montgomery County, which for years had been strongly democratic. In 1913 he was candidate for the Board of Election, and after a strong test, which was carried to the Ohio Supreme Court, he received his commission as a member on October 1, 1913, and on May 1, 1919, became chairman of the Board of Election. In 1922 he was elected a member of the State Republican Central Committee from the Third Congressional District, an office he still holds. Recently much pressure has been brought to bear upon him by leading politicians to get him to accept the state chairmanship of the Republican State Central Committee, but this honor he refused. Mr. Brower was one of the first prominent men in Ohio politics to advocate Warren G. Harding for the presidency, and was himself an intimate friend of the late President. In 1920 lie was an alternate delegate to the National Convention at Chicago and subsequently was Harding's campaign manager in the Third Congressional District and is now campaign manager in that district for President Coolidge. Montgomery County was still democratic when lie became chairman of the County Central Committee in 1918, but in all subsequent elections he has turned out a republican majority. Mr. Brower has the distinction of never having lost a political fight. As state central committeeman from the Third District he has had charge of organizations in all the counties in that section of the state, and practically all these counties have been normally democratic and he has changed them to republican positions. He has campaigned for the Republican National Committee, and is very fluent and a convincing orator. Mr. Brower is a member of the Dayton City Club, is a member of the Westminster Presbyterian Church, Linden Lodge, the Knights of Pythias, the Junior Order United American Mechanics, Trotwood Lodge No. 54, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and the Dayton Young Men's Christian Association. He married, December 23, 1915, Miss Mary Anderson, daughter of John T. and Emma (Brown) Anderson, of West Alexandria, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Brower have one daughter, Dorothy Charlotte. CHARLES G. BARTON, D. D. S., who has been engaged in the practice of his profession in the City of Middletown, Butler County, since the spring of 1914, has here built up a specially large and representative practice, in which he brings to bear not only his excellent technical ability but also the most modern appliances and accessories known to dental science. His fine office suite of five rooms, on the second floor of the Castell Building, includes attractively appointed reception room and a laboratory department of thoroughly metropolitan equipment, the while in the operative department the facilities are of equally high standard. Doctor Barton claims the historic old Bay State as the place of his nativity, and his ancestral records there run back through many generations. He was born at Adams, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, December 7, 1889, and is a son of Henry and Margaret (Barnes) Barton. In the public schools of Adams he continued his studies until he had duly profited by the advantages of the high school and the excellent collegiate preparatory institution known as Savary School. To Ohio institutions, however, the Doctor is indebted for his education along professional lines. In the dental department of the University of Ohio, at Columbus, he was graduated as a member of the class of 1913, and after thus receiving his degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery he was for nine months engaged in practice at Portsmouth, Ohio. He then, in February, 1914, established his residence in Middletown, where he has built up a large and representative practice and gained prestige as one of the leading dental practitioners in this section of the Buckeye State. In 1917 the Doctor completed an effective post-graduate course, in conductive anesthesia, at the Ohio Dental College in the City of Cincinnati. He is actively identified with the Miami Valley Dental Society, the Ohio State Dental Society and the National Dental Association. He makes it an insistent part of his professional routine to attend the annual meetings of the above mentioned state and national organizations,, and at all times keeps in close touch with advances made in dental science and practice. In connection with the equipment of his offices it may be noted specially that Doctor Barton here utilizes two of the celebrated Ritter dental units and one Ritter X-Ray machine, more than $10,000 having been invested by him in the fitting up and equipping of his office headquarters, where his professional business is now of such scope as to require his retaining an assistant dentist. In the Masonic fraternity Doctor Barton has advanced through the various grades of both the York and Scottish Rites until he has received in the latter the thirty-second degree, besides being a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. He is affiliated also with Middletown Lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Doctor Barton is loyal and liberal as a citizen, and takes a lively interest in all that touches the welfare and advancement of his home city. He is first vice president of the Commercial Bank of Middletown, with the organization and incorporation of which he was actively concerned; he is a member of the directorate of the Middletown Young Men's Christian Association; is a director of the Security Finance & Mortgage Company; and he and his wife are zealous members of the First Presbyterian Church of Middletown, he having given several years of service as secretary of its Sunday school. The year 1914, which was marked by Doctor Barton's establishing is permanent home at Middletown, likewise recorded his marriage with Miss Norma Braun, daughter of John and Josephine (Huber) Braun, of Hamilton, Ohio. Mrs. Barton completed a course in the Hamilton High School and thereafter developed her exceptional musical talent by attending the celebrated Cincinnati Conservatory of Music. A woman of fine attainments and most gracious personality, Mrs. Barton is a popular factor in the representative social and cultural activities of Middletown, where she is specially influential in the work and service of the Home Culture Club. Doctor and Mrs. Barton have three children: Margaret, John and Charles. ELLIS S. RUMP is one of the progressive younger business men of Hamilton, being general manager and a partner in the Hamilton Autographic Register Company, one of the city 's important manufacturing concerns. Mr. Rump was born in Hamilton, Ohio, August 18, 1896. His father, the late George A. Rump, who died in 1913, was for many years connected with the Wabash Railway Company. Ellis S. Rump, after graduating from the Hamilton High School in 1914, went with the Hamilton Autographic Register Company in the sales department. He was promoted to purchasing agent and sales manager, and in 1918 to general manager of the business. On January 1, 1919, he was made a partner in the business, and also continued his duties as manager. This company has capital of over $400,000, and manufactures some of the widely known lines of office and business stationery and accessories, includ- HISTORY OF OHIO - 107 ing autographic registers, typewriter attachments and stationery supplies. Mr. Rump married in 1919, Miss Elizabeth Sohngen, daughter of Edward C. Sohngen, one of Hamilton's most prominent business men. Mrs. Rump graduated in 1915 from the Hamilton High School, and completed her education in the Fairmont Seminary at Washington, D. C. They have one son, Ellis S., Jr., born in 1922. WILLIAM RIGLING is president of the Rigling Realty Company at Hamilton, a line of business with which he has been identified for the past ten years. Mr. Rigling has handled some of the most important subdivision developments and improvements in Hamilton in recent years, and he has been responsible for some of the projects that have contributed in most notable measure to the home building movement in this Southern Ohio city. Mr. Rigling was born at Hamilton, a member of a substantial and respected family of that community. His parents were Joseph and Rose (Holzer) Rigling, his father now deceased. The other children in the family were: Joseph, Rose, Edward, Josephine, Leo, Paul and Anna. William Rigling attended parochial schools in Hamilton, and at the age of fifteen was clerking in a local business house at a wage of $2.50 a week. Out of that he deposited each week 50 cents in a local building association, and knowing the struggles required for establishing a competency he has in later years made his business a means of important service to his patrons. During the five years of his employment for others he completed a business college course, and then finished his education by a tour of Europe, in the course of which he attended the Paris Exposition. Mr. Rigling engaged in the real estate business in 1915. The Rigling Realty Company has handled the purchase, subdivision and the sale of a number of tracts in and around Hamilton, and has built a great many homes of substantial comfort and moderate cost sold on the installment plan. Mr. Rigling is a business man who has kept before himself not only the ideal of profit but also that of service. His business is well characterized by its motto: "It must be a square deal for both buyer and seller if the deal is made through this office." Mr. Rigling is affiliated with the Knights of Columbus and the various real estate and other commercial organizations in Hamilton. He and his wife are active in the Catholic Church, and for a number of years Mrs. Rigling was a church organist. He married in 1905, Miss Josephine Pater, daughter of Bernard and Katherine (Holbrock) Pater, of Hamilton. Their children, educated in the parochial schools at Hamilton, are named: Mary Louise, Catherine, Rosaline, Bernard, Cecilia, Ralph, Jovita, Agnes, Billy and Clotilda. GEORGE W. MCGILLIARD is proprietor of the George McGilliard Realty Company, realtors and brokers in real estate and insurance at Hamilton. Mr. McGilliard for a number of years was an expert accountant employed in various industrial organizations in Southern Ohio, and that experience has proven valuable to him in conducting a prosperous real estate business. He was born at Wyoming, Ohio, October 2, 1886, son of Stanley and Alice A. (Hartwell) McGilliard. His mother was a daughter of George W. Hartwell, public accountant, for many years in the office of Hon. Judson Harmon at Cincinnati. George W. McGilliard acquired a public school education at Liberty, Ohio, graduating from the high school of Mount Healthy in 1904, and in 1905 gradu ating from the Nelson Business College at Cincinnati. In a class of 367 he was the only one to receive a full diploma for completed course. On leaving business college Mr. McGilliard was bookkeeper and assistant cashier for the Coney Island Company at Cincinnati, a company owned by Thomas W. Paxton, president of the Edgewood Distilling Company. Subsequently he was transferred to the general offices of the Edgewood Distilling Company as assistant bookkeeper. Following that he became head bookkeeper and auditor with Shuler & Benninghofen, operating the Miami Woolen Mills at Hamilton. He remained with this industrial corporation for fifteen years. He finally resigned to engage in the real estate business, and on April 1, 1922, opened an office in the Rentschler Building. November 1, 1922, he moved to more spacious quarters at 132 High Street, where the business has since been conducted as the George McGilliard Realty Company. In addition to the general service performed by a real estate and insurance agency the company has done some notable work in the building and selling of homes and the laying out of sub-divisions. The company opened and sold the Benninghofen and Milliken farm of sixty-five acres south of Hamilton, this sub-division being restricted to high class homes. Mr. McGilliard is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, is a member of the Hamilton Young Men's Christian Association, and is trustee of the Hamilton Methodist Episcopal Church. During the World war period he had an active part in the Liberty Bond, Savings Stamp and Red Cross campaigns. In 1908, Mr. McGilliard married Miss Ada Johnston, of Middletown, daughter of Horace E. and Catherine (Bergen) Johnston. She is a graduate of the Middletown High School, and is a member of the Federation of Women Voters Clubs. They have two children: Stanley Hartwell, born in 1909, now attending the Hamilton High School; and Edgar Wilson, born in 1913, in the Hamilton grammar school. PETER J. LENHART, M. D., has practiced medicine nearly half a century. His professional abilities and service are particularly appreciated throughout Fulton County, where he has spent most of his active life. He is also a banker, and his many interests bring him in touch with the general welfare of his community. Doctor Lenhart was born near New Bedford, Coshocton County, Ohio, son of Peter and Magdalena (Deitz) Lenhart. His father was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, and his mother in Tusca- rawas County, Ohio, her father Henry Dietz coming from Pennsylvania. Peter Lenhart, Sr., who died in 1867, at the age of sixty-seven, was much interested in public affairs, holding various township and county offices. Dr. Peter J. Lenhart grew up on a farm, attended the public schools of his native county, and subsequently entered the medical department of Wooster University, where he was graduated in 1875. He stood first in his graduating class. Immediately he began the practice of medicine in Tuscarawas County, remaining there several years, and in 1878 moved to Wauseon. In former years he performed the arduous service of a physician with an extensive country practice, traveling horseback and by buggy over roads to the outermost limits of Fulton County. He is still active in his profession at the age of seventy-eight. It was his ambition to represent the best abilities of his calling, and he sought in his own experience by active contact with able men in the profession to perfect his own powers. Doctor Lenhart for many years was a member of the Board of Pension Examiners, and is a mem- 108 - HISTORY OF OHIO ber of the County, Ohio State and American Medical associations, and the Northwest Ohio Medical Association. He organized and is president of the Northwest Ohio Telephone Company, is president of the Fulton County Loan & Savings Company, and for several years has been president of the Wauseon Public Library. Doctor Lenhart married Miss Ida Pfeifer, who was born at Fremont, Ohio. They are the parents of two children. Carl Henry Lenhart graduated from the literary department of Western Reserve University in 1901, and in 1904 completed his medical education at Western Reserve and has since been a successful physician and surgeon. He is now chief surgeon of St. Luke's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio. The other son, Harry Hull Lenhart, is a graduate of Adelbert College of Western Reserve University with the class of 1905, and is now a resident of Cleveland, an accountant of that city. JOHN E. D. DAWSON, embalmer and funeral director at 420 South Fourth Street, Hamilton, Ohio, is a young man with diversified talents and has made himself favorably known in many outside activities in Hamilton. He was born at Alexandria, Kentucky, June 24, 1898, son of James and Maud E. (Metzler) Dawson. Eighteen months after his birth his parents moved to Hamilton, where his father for a time was connected with a wholesale fruit business and then, learning the moulder 's trade, has since followed that occupation. John E. D. Dawson attended the public schools in Hamilton, graduating from high school in 1917. He completed his course in the Cincinnati College of Embalming in 1918, and in the same year was elected supervisor of applied arts of embalming at the Cincinnati College, a position he occupied six months. Following that he spent six months with Pfeifer & Company, undertakers, at Portsmouth, Ohio, and then returning to Hamilton was employed by Bonner & Cahill, an undertaking firm with whom he had worked while attending school. Altogether he spent six years with this firm. Leaving there, he was manager of the Hodap Funeral Home at Carthage for a brief time, and then, in July, 1922, opened his funeral parlors at Hamilton. He has a completely motorized and modern equipment. Mr. Dawson is councillor of the Junior Order of American Mechanics, belongs to the Daughters of America, and is active in the First Baptist Church, formerly being secretary of the Sunday school, and for three years was general secretary. Is a former president of the Young People's Baptist Union, and had the largest class in the entire Miami Valley. He is a member of the Young Men's Christian Association Quartet. Dr. Dawson married, May 18, 1922, Miss Anna Mae Baker, of Hamilton, daughter of Charles and Bess (Parisho) Baker. She was educated in the Hamilton High School, and attended school at Connersville, Indiana. Mrs. Dawson is a member of the Daughters of America, was the first president of the Baptists World Wide Guild, and is president of tile White Cross Sewing Circle. PAUL K. CARTIER for many years has been identified with one of Hamilton's largest industrial corporations, the Champion Coated Paper Company, of which he is cashier. He is also an active figure in republican politics in Butler County, and is at present councilman at large in the City of Hamilton. He was born at Williamsburg, Ohio, April 1, 1890, and was three years of age when his parents, John F. and Addie B. (Byland) Cartier, moved to Hamilton, where his parents still reside, his father being now retired. The father had lost all his property by fire before coming to Hamilton. Paul K. Cartier completed the eighth grade in the Hamilton public schools, and then had to seek employment to help support the family. For four months he was an employe of the American Can Company, and then joined the Champion Coated Paper Company as errand boy. For a time he put in seven days a week, and also for three nights in the week attended the night classes of the Young Men's Christian Association. In that way he completed a three-year course in mechanical drawing, a two-year course in stenography and a one-year course in commercial arithmetic and business law. In the meantime he was promoted to assistant stock keeper in the millwright department of the Champion Coated Paper Company, serving fourteen months as assistant and was then promoted to superintendent of the department. After five years he was made assistant bookkeeper and cashier of the entire plant, and has been performing those duties now for twelve years. He has also continued his higher education, taking a correspondence course in higher accounting in the La Salle University of Chicago. Mr. Cartier in 1921 was candidate for councilman at large, being defeated by forty-two votes. In 1923 he ran for the same office against the same opponent, and was elected by a majority of 1,476. In the City Council he is chairman of the finance and taxation committee, streets and sewer committee and public safety committee and a member of the administration and claims committee. Mr. Cartier is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, and is a member of the Official Board of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He owns his home at 424 Cleveland Avenue. On June 10, 1914, he married Miss La Verne Kretzinger, of Hamilton, daughter of Nathaniel and May (Moore) Kretzinger. Mrs. Cartier is a member of the Woman's City Club, and is active socially. They have one son, Paul K., Jr., born in 1917. ELBERT M. LADLEY has enjoyed a steadily growing influence and success as a citizen and business man of Hamilton for many years. He is secretary of the Todd Stationery and Printing Company, and also president of the Hamilton City Council. He was born at Mount Lookout, Cincinnati, Ohio, August 25, 1877, son of Daniel B. and Emma Levina (Fagin) Ladley, of Cincinnati. His mother is now deceased. His father, a resident of Cincinnati, is a traveling salesman, a business he has followed many years. Elbert M. Ladley spent all his boyhood and early Manhood in Cincinnati, where he attended grammar school. He studied shorthand in Campbell's Business College and bookkeeping at the Bartlett Business College. He had a thorough routine of training in business, being employed for a time in the drug store of Jason S. Evans, then in the office of the Cincinnati Type Foundry Company of Cincinnati, as stenographer for the Curry Wooden Ware Company of Cincinnati, as public stenographer at Hotel Honing, and then in the Cincinnati offices of the Fairbanks-Morse Company, beginning as stenographer, and was chief clerk and cashier when he resigned. Mr. Ladley came to Hamilton to become an employe of the Niles Tool Works Company, at first as a stenographer, and then as private secretary to Mr. James K. Cullen, president of the company and now president of the Niles Bement Pond Company of New York City. Mr. Ladley was with the Niles Tool Works Company for a period of seventeen years, having been put in charge of the stationery and supplies department as chief stenographer in 1913, and finally was promoted to assistant purchasing agent. HISTORY OF OHIO - 109 This position he resigned to become secretary of the Todd Stationery and Printing Company. The Todd Stationery and Printing Company was organized May 1, 1922, to take over the business of the old firm of Forbes & Todd Company. The capital stock is $30,000, and the officers are P. C. Todd, president ; F. M. Goodman, vice president ; Elbert M. Ladley, secretary, and L. L. Weaver, treasurer. The company does a general stationery, novelty and printing business, and owns the only first-class book store in Hamilton. Mr. Ladley is a member of the Chamber of Commercc and the Young Men's Christian Association. He is an elder in the Presbyterian Church and teacher of its Bible Class, and is a member of the Butler County Sunday School Association and superintendent of administration of that association. On July 6, 1899, he married Miss Lillie A. Heyer, of Cincinnati. She was educated in the high school of that city, and is a member of the League of Ohio Woman Voters and very prominent socially. Mr. and Mrs. Ladley have three children: Russell Elbert, born in 1900, was educated in the Hamilton High School, and is now an inspector at the Ford Plant in Hamilton. Gordon H., the second son, was born in 1904, and is a student in the Hamilton High School. Lillian Ruth, born in 1911, is attending the grammar schools. Mr. Ladley was elected a member of the City Council of Hamilton in the fall of 1923, taking office January 1, 1924. He was chosen president of the City Council and vice mayor. He is a member of the Good Government League, and had an influential part in promoting the success of the various war programs in Hamilton. He is one of the group of men largely responsible for making Butler County almost republican, though for many years it had been solidly democratic. GEORGE O. SLONEKER, whose family name has been a familiar one in Butler County for a century, is best known on account of his long and capable service as chief deputy sheriff of the county. Mr. Sloneker was born at Collinsville, Ohio, August 31, 1868. His grandfather Sloneker came from Alsace Lorraine to the United States in 1824, and was an early settler in Milford Township of Butler County. He was a farmer and grocer there, and later at Collinsville, and he married after coming to Ohio. Jacob Sloneker, father of George O., was born on a farm near Somerville, Ohio, and served as a Union soldier with the Second Ohio Heavy Artillery. After the war he located at Collinsville, and for many years engaged in stone and cement contracting. In 1891 he removed his home to Oxford, Ohio. He married at Collinsville in 1867 Sarah Williams, who was of old Virginia stock. She was born at Terre Haute, Indiana, in 1846, and her mother and sister moved to Hamilton, Ohio, in 1861. Her mother was a nurse during the Civil war, and her stepfather was a soldier in both the Mexican and Civil wars. George O. Sloneker, oldest of the four children of his parents, was educated in public schools and took some courses in the Young Men's Christian Association. He was a clerk in the general offices of a railroad at Cincinnati, studied law for a time, and was in the real estate business at Cincinnati. For six years he was in the service of the United States Express Company, and in 1909 became deputy sheriff of Butler County. He filled that office consecutively fifteen years, through the administrations of four sheriffs, and in 1924 became a candidate himself for the democratic nomination for sheriff. Mr. Sloneker has been active in democratic politics. He was chief deputy sheriff during the World war, and in that capacity had many unusual duties of responsibility, and he also served as captain of the First Ward team in the Red Cross Campaign. Fraternally, he is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, the Dramatic Order Knights of Khorassan, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and Loyal Order of Moose. Mr. Sloneker married in 1914 Miss Edith May Pierce, daughter of B. F. and Ellen M. Pierce, of Arcanum, Ohio. She is a member of the Baptist Church. They have two children : George 0., Jr., born December 10, 1915, and Margaret Ellen, born in 1921. JOHN B. LEFLER. General manager of the Federal Adjustment Company of Hamilton, the oldest concern of its kind in Ohio, John B. Lefler is called upon to make collections, render credit reports and adjustments in all parts of the United States, and through his accuracy and dependability has built up a reputation for the company that is national in scope. John B. Lefler was born in Trimble County, Kentucky, April 30, 1874, a son of Daniel W. and Mary E. (Hogg) Lefler, both of whom are deceased. For a number of years the father worked successfully as a carpenter contractor. Until he was eleven years old John B. Lefler attended the public schools of Ohio, but from then on until he completed his studies he attended those of Oklahoma, the family having moved to that state in 1885. Following the termination of his education Mr. Lefler returned to Ohio, and became agent at Cincinnati for Western and Southern Life Insurance, and for five years held this position most acceptably. At the termination of that period he opened a store in the Emory Arcade at Cincinnati, and remained in business for two years, when. he sold and moved to Hamilton. From then until 1913 he was on the road as a traveling salesman, but then took a position as salesman in the store of Max Joffe at Hamilton, and held it for two years. For the next two years he held a similar position in Mark Brilliant 's furniture store of the same city. Going back then to Oklahoma, lie entered Company C, First Oklahoma National Guards, and was first stationed in California, and later in San Antonio and Fort Houston, Texas. In 1917 he received his honorable discharge. While he was in the army at the time of this country 's entry into the World war, he was rejected for overseas service on account of being over age, according to the strict regulations of that period. Returning to Hamilton, he became manager of the American Supply Company, holding this position until June, 1923, at which time he took over his present company. His long and varied experience in commercial life, both on the road and otherwise, particularly adapts him for his present line of work, and is a valuable aid to him. He belongs to the Lawyers and Bankers Association and the American Business Men's Service. Fraternally he maintains membership with the Fraternal Order of Eagles and the Loyal Order of Moose. On June 30, 1921, Mr. Lefler married Miss Pansy Belle Chapins, of Hamilton, Ohio, a daughter of Samuel and Jenny Chapins, the former of whom is deceased, but the latter is still living. Mrs. Lefler was educated in the Hamilton High School. Mr. and Mrs. Lefler have two children, Catherine and Doris. ROBERT W. BOYD has for thirty years been a banker at London in Madison County. He was born and grew up in that community, and combining his own service with that of his father gives a record of more than half a century in banking in Madison County. He was born at London, October 4, 1864. His father, Robert Boyd, whose father was also named 110 - HISTORY OF OHIO Robert Boyd, was born in Washington, Pennsylvania, and was seven years old when his parents came to Ohio and settled in Madison County. Here Robert Boyd attended public schools, taught for one term, after which he became successfully identified with farming and stock raising. He was one of the founders London Exchange Bank in 1870, and was president of the institution for over a quarter of a century, until he retired. He was an able financier and business man, and possessed an integrity of character that made him one of the important men in the community. He died in 1906. His wife, Caroline Wilson, who died in 1900, was a daughter of Valentine Wilson, of Madison County. They had five children, two sons and three daughters. Robert W. Boyd grew up at London, attending the public schools, and graduated from high school in 1882. Following that he spent two years in Ohio Wesleyan University, and is also a graduate of Duff 's Commercial College of Pittsburgh. After completing his education Mr. Boyd spent about seven years in the county treasurer 's office as deputy treasurer. On May 15, 1893, having become financially interested in the London Exchange Bank, he accepted the office of cashier, and held that post for six years. With the reorganization of the bank in 1899, at which time it took out a state charter, Mr. Boyd became president, and has been the executive officer for a quarter of a century. Mr. Boyd, who has never married, is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason and Shriner, a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, and belongs to the Methodist Church. In politics he votes as a republican. DAVID WEBB has been proprietor of the Webb undertaking service of Hamilton for the past twenty years, and has made his service one of the most complete in Southern Ohio. He represents an old and honored family of that city. He was born at Hamilton, July 6, 1871, son of Foster and Margaret (Nein) Webb, his father a native of Adams County, Ohio, and his mother of Germany. Foster Webb served three years as a Union soldier in the Thirty-first Ohio Infantry, and after the war engaged in the transfer and livery business at Hamilton. He was one of the honored and substantial business men of the city for many years. He finally retired, and lived in Kentucky until his death in 1901. He was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and was active in the Baptist Church. David Webb, one of six children, was reared at Hamilton, attended the public schools, and after leaving high school went to work for his father in the livery and transfer business. He was also associated with his brother Walter in the livery business for several years. About 1904 he engaged in the undertaking business, and on January 15, 1907, was granted a license as an embalmer after taking the state examiexaminationndertakers. His assistant, Robert Klaus, was licensed under State Board July 2, 1916. The Webb undertaking establishment is completely motorized, including ambulance, two hearses and four private sedans. Mrs. Webb has aided in making the service high-class in every particular, assisting in the embalming and handling other details of the business. Mr. Webb is a popular member of a number of fraternal and civic organizations, including the Knights of Pythias, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Tribe of Ben Hur, the Maccabees and others. He and his family are members of the First Baptist Church of Hamilton. In 1901 Mr. Webb married Miss Alta Keltner, of Princeton, Ohio, daughter of Abram and Clara (Scudder) Keltner. Her father was a well-known farmer of Butler County. Mrs. Webb was educated in the public schools of Butler County, and is a member of the Pythian Sisters. They have three sons. Howard, born in 1902, is now a prominent stock raiser at Port Union, Ohio, operating a large ranch, where he specializes in the breeding of Chester White hogs, and a number of his animals have been awarded prizes at state fairs. Howard Webb married Miss Bernice Black, of Butler County. The second son, Gordon, born in 1904, assists his brother on the ranch. The youngest son, Herbert, born in 1907, is a student in the Hamilton High School. HARRY H. DESPOND is a well equipped and brilliant young attorney, now practicing as a member of the bar in the County of Hamilton, where he was born and reared. He was born December 22, 1894, son of Herbert H. and Sarah (Timberman) Despond. Harry H. Despond attended local schools, graduating from the Hamilton High School in 1913, and in 1917 received his Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of Michigan. He took his law course also at the University of Michigan, remaining four years in study and graduating with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1921. Before engaging in practice he remained for another two years engaged in research work, and in February, 1924, opened his office at Hamilton. Mr. Despond, who is unmarried, is a democrat in politics, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. HON. MORRIS Y. SHULER of Seven Mile, and one of the prosperous farmers of Butler County, is a man who has accomplished much for his city since he has been its chief executive, for he is energetic, fearless and progressive official of unblemished integrity. He was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, October 21, 1872, a son of Moses and Sarah Shuler. Until his death in 1913 the father was prominently identified with farming interests. The mother survives. Attending the public schools of his native county, Mayor Shuler was reared by watchful parents, and early learned the lessons of industry and thrift which have been so useful to him in his later years. After he had completed his school days he went to Allentown, Pennsylvania, and for a year drove a delivery wagon. Going then to Hamilton, Ohio, where for two years he was in the employ of the Red Trunk Clothing Store, he left that concern to go on the road as traveling salesman for Michael Stearns & Company, wholesale clothing, of Rochester, New York, and he held this position for eight years. Mayor Shuler then accepted the position of manager of the Roe-Emerson Clothing Store of Newark, Ohio, which he retained for two years. Then, returning to Hamilton, he opened a tea and coffee store, and conducted it for the succeeding five years. In 1912 he came to Seven Mile and, opening a produce business, operated it for seven years. In 1919 he sold that business and embarked in farming. His present farm, which is a very valuable one, is largely devoted to stock raising, and Mayor Shuler has 250 pure bred Hampshire hogs on it, in which he specializes. This farm is managed by his son. In 1911 Mr. Shuler was elected a justice of the peace for a term of four years, and in 1923 was elected police judge of Seven Mile, but resigned in June of that year, and in the succeeding August was elected mayor of the city, for a two-year term. Believing in the enforcement of the laws, he has been very vigorous in prosecuting the liquor violators. The City Council has erected 1,000 feet of concrete sidewalk, and purchased a new fire chemical truck costing $2,500, and a fire siren costing $300, and is arranging to make many other improvements, which have been made possible by the collection of fines. Mayor Shuler HISTORY OF OHIO - 111 served for four years on the school board, and secured for Seven Mile its present centralized school. Some idea of his personal popularity may be gathered from the fact that when he was candidate for mayor only two votes were cast against him, a most remarkable record. He is quite as zealous in behalf of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he is a member, as he is with reference to mundane matters. Mayor Shuler married Miss Frances Drayer, of Seven Mile, a daughter of Hon. John B. and Amanda (Baird) Drayer. Mr. Drayer was one of the leading attorneys of Seven Mile during his younger years, but later moved to Eaton, Ohio, and after eight years there, went to Mount Pleasant, Iowa, continuing at both places the practice of his profession. In 1862 he entered the Union Army, commanding a company of infantry, but ill health compelled him to resign. Returning to Mount Pleasant, he resumed his practice, and in 1864 was elected county judge, and served until 1869, when he was elected circuit judge, and was reelected three times, his last term expiring December 31, 1879. Returning to Ohio, he spent his last days at Seven Mile, where his death occurred. Mayor and Mrs. Shuler have two children: Ruth Amanda and Clifford. HERBERT WILSON MITCHELL has a full complement of popular confidence and honor in "his own country," as is clearly indicated by the statement that he is serving as county attorney of Belmont County and maintains his official and professional headquarters in his native city of St. Clairsville, the judicial center of the county. Here he was born on the 8th of January, 1885, and he is a scion of a family whose name has been identified with the annals of American history since the early Colonial era. Nathaniel Mitchell, great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was a patriot soldier in the war of the Revolution, and James Mitchell, grandfather of Herbert W., served as a soldier in the War of 1812. Alfred H. Mitchell, father of the present county attorney of Belmont County, was born in Richland Township, this county, May 31, 1849, and here he gained his early education by attending the common schools of the period. Thereafter he applied himself to the study of law, and on the 18th of September, 1871, he was admitted to the bar. He has since continued in the active practice of law at St. Clairsville, he having originally been associated with his brother under the firm title of Mitchell & Mitchell, and this firm name has been retained in his professional alliance with his son, Herbert W., who has been thus associated with him since 1908. Alfred H. Mitchell, known as one of the able lawyers and influential citizens of Belmont County, was prosecuting attorney of the county during the period of 1880-1885. He has been prominent in the councils and campaign work of the republican party in this section of Ohio, and counted the late President Warren G. Harding as one of his close political and personal friends. He served as a member of the state bar examining board from 1911 to 1917, is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, and he is one of the stockholders of the Dollar Savings Bank of St. Clairsville, in the organization of which, in 1895, he took an active part. September 23, 1875, recorded his marriage to Miss Mary A. Wilkinson, and she passed to the life eternal on the 9th of February, 1911. In the public schools of St. Clairsville Herbert W. Mitchell continued his studies until his graduation from the high school as a member of the class 0.! 1903. Thereafter he was for one year a student in the University of Colorado, at Boulder, where he became affiliated with the Phi Delta Theta college fraternity. In preparation for the profession of his choice he entered the law department of the University of Ohio, and in this institution he was graduated as a member of the class of 1908, his admission to the Ohio bar having virtually coincident with his reception of his degree of Bachelor of Laws. At the university he became affiliated with the Phi Delta Pi legal fraternity and the Sphinx Society. As previously intimated, he has been associated with his father as junior member of the law firm of Mitchell & Mitchell since 1908. He served six years as municipal solicitor of the village of St. Clairsville, and in October, 1921, he became assistant county attorney, in which connection he was one of the prosecutors in the celebrated John I. Majors labor case in 1922. In November, 1922, he was elected county attorney, and he assumed his official functions in the following January, and his term of office will expire in January, 1925. As prosecuting attorney he was prosecutor in the Long case, and the conviction effected for murder resulted in the execution of the murderer, the second execution ever held for murder in this county and the first in which electrocution was employed for the purpose. Mr. Mitchell was zealous and influential in advancing the various patriotic activities in Belmont County in the World war period, took part in the drives in support of the Government war loans, was a valued four-minute speaker in such campaigns, and was chairman of the local Red. Cross drive. He is a member of the Community Club of St. Clairsville and of the Kiwanis Club at Martins Ferry. He is a past master (1913) of Belmont Lodge No. 16, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and his Masonic affiliations are further extended to St. Clairsville Chapter, No. 17, Royal Arch Masons; Belmont Council, No. 16, Royal and Select Masters, and Hope Commandery, No. 26, Knights Templar. He is affiliated also with the Knights of Pythias and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He is a director of the Dollar Savings Bank of St. Clairsville, is a staunch advocate of the cause of the republican party, and he and his wife hold membership in the Methodist Episcopal Church. At Coshocton, Ohio, on the 10th of September, 1913, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Mitchell and Miss Margaret Secrest, a daughter of Rev. John S. Secrest, who is a distinguished clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Ohio. Mr. Secrest completed a course of study in Sclo. College, and after his ordination as a clergyman he held pastoral charges in turn at Bridgeport, St. Clairsville, Painesville, Lisbon, Toronto and Coshocton, Ohio. Thereafter he served six years as superintendent of the Barnesville district of the Northeastern Ohio Conference, and nine years as superintendent at Akron, his service as superintendent having exceeded in duration that of any other incumbent of such office in the Methodist Conference of Northeastern Ohio. Mr. Secrest still resides in the City of Akron, is president of the Board of Trustees of the Methodist Home for the Aged, Cincinnati, and of the Board of Trustees of the Methodist Children's Home at Worthington, Ohio. Mrs. Mitchell is a popular figure in the representative social, cultural and musical circles of her home community, is active in church work, and is a director of the Young Women's Christian Association in the City of Wheeling, West Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell have one son, John Secrest Mitchell. COL. TILESTON F. SPANGLER. A man of wealth and great business prestige in Southeastern Ohio, Colonel Spangler is the second oldest attorney of Muskingum County. Has been a member of the Zanesville bar for half a century, and both through the means at his own command and through his influence as a banker and citizen he has been responsible for much of Zanesville's growth and development as A beautiful Ohio city and commercial center. 112 - HISTORY OF OHIO Colonel Spangler was born at Zanesville, March 28, 1849, son of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Tarrance) Spangler. His parents were natives of Muskingum County. His grandfather, Jacob Spangler, and great-grandfather, Mathias Spangler, arrived in Muskingum County in 1808. Jacob was a soldier in the War of 1812. Henry Tarrance, maternal grandfather of Colonel Spangler, was also a veteran of the War of 1812, and was a son of James Tarrance, who came from the North of Ireland shortly after the American Revolution. Tileston F. Spangler grew up at Zanesville, graduating from the high school in 1867. For two years he taught school. In 1870 he began the reading of law in the office of A. W. Train, one of the foremost attorneys of his day in Ohio. Colonel Spangler was admitted to the bar in 1873, and while always an attorney in good standing at the Zanesville bar, most of his years have been spent in the real estate and banking business. In 1880 he took up real estate as a business, becoming secretary and attorney for the Homestead Building & Savings Association, of which he is still secretary and manager. From 1873 to 1883 he was secretary of the Muskingum County Fair Association. The Spangler Realty Company, of which he is presidcnt, has developed some of the finest residential districts of Zanesville, including Fair Oaks, Brighton and Maplewood, also Norwood and Bellevue Terrace. In May, 1900, Colonel Spangler helped organize the Guardian Trust & Safe Deposit Company, serving as vice president and general manager and now as president. On November 1, 1889, he and William J. Atwell organized the Peoples Savings Bank, of which he is president. This bank has the finest office building in Zanesville. In 1923 Colonel Spangler was honored with the office of vice president for Ohio, savings bank division, of the American Bankers Association. He is president of the Muskingum County Building Association League, and has been president of the Muskingum County Bankers Association, and is financially connected with a number of local business organizations. Colonel Spangler has served with the rank of colonel on the staff of two governors, on the staff of Governor Hoadley in 1883, and on that of Governor James E. Campbell in 1889. He is an elder in the Putnam Presbyterian Church, and is prominent both in the Masonic and Odd Fellows fraternities. He has been a member of Mechanics Lodge No. 28, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, since 1870. In 1908 he was given the supreme honorary thirty-third degree in Scottish Rite Masonry. He is affiliated with Amity Lodge No. 5, Free and Accepted Masons, Zanesville Chapter No. 9, Royal Arch. Masons, Cyrene Commandery No. 10, Knight Templar, of which he is past eminent commander, Scioto Consistory of the Scottish Rite and the Mystic Shrine. He is former president of the Ohio Canal Association. While this record shows that he has been a very successful business man, Colonel Spangler 's interests are not altogether confined to his business and his profession. He has a mind cultivated by study and a great deal of travel. Motoring and railway travel in the United States and foreign countries are his favorite diversions. He has long been a student of local history, and has collected a great deal of data on Muskingum County, especially genealogical material, and has prepared various papers for the local pioneer society, including one on colonization in the Ohio Valley. He is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution and the War of 1812. As a citizen his outstanding definite interest and field of achievement has been in the line of making Zanesville a beautiful place in which to live and work. On the banks of the Muskingum River, on Muskingum Avenue, directly in front of his home, he created a beautiful park, the pioneer in Zanesville's splendid park systems. He has been primarily responsible for the development of park and play grounds in Zanesville. He was appointed a member of the first city park commission, September 26, 1912, and has served continuously as president of that organization. He has been responsible for converting a number of rubbish heaps into beauty spots. During the last twelve years the park commission has made forty acres into public parks, including Fair Oaks Park, Jewett Park, Muskingum Parkway, Putnam Hill Park, McIntire Park, and Pioneer Park. The fair grounds, leased to the city for forty years, are used by the Fair Association for their purpose only one week, and the remainder of the year the grounds are for park and play grounds. Pioneer Park, with its beautiful hill drives, has in it a log cabin, moved in from the country seven miles away, and one of the first log houses built in the county, more than a hundred. years old. Colonel Spangler was an active member of the Board of Trade and in later years, the Chamber of Commerce. In 1875, in New York City, he married Miss Mary S. Cox, daughter of Ezekiel T. Cox and sister of Hon. S. S. Cox of New York City. By his first marriage Colonel Spangler has two living children: Arthur Cox Spangler, an official in the Peoples Savings Bank of Zanesville; and Helen S., wife of Walter C. Garges, of Medina, Ohip. Colonel Spangler married for his second wife Mary H. Buckingham Greene, a member of the distinguished Buckingham family of Muskingum County. Her father was James Buckingham, who was born in Zanesville, October 22, 1831, and died in 1909. The Buckinghams on coming to Ohio first settled near Coshocton, in 1799, in 1803 moved to Athens County, and in 1804 settled in Putnam in Muskingum County. James Buckingham was educated at Marietta and at Brown University at Providence, Rhode Island, was a soldier in Company A of the One Hundred Fifty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry during the Civil war, and subsequently for many years was owner and manager of extensive farming, real estate, banking and manufacturing interests. He was president of the Zanesville & Ohio Railroad, was one of the organizers of the Peoples Savings Bank, and from 1865 to 1873 was a director of the Ohio State Agricultural Society. His wife was Jane P. Wills, of Chillicothe, Ohio. Mrs. Spangler for a number of years has been one of the leaders in church and social circles at Zanesville. D. ALLEN BOND, who is engaged in the practice of law at Saint Clairsville, as one of the representative members of the bar of his native county, is serving as city attarney and is a former representative of Belmont County in the Ohio Legislature. Mr. Bond was born at Morristown, Belmont County, on the 17th of December, 1887, a son of John Adams Bond and Mary (Nichols) Bond, the former of whom likewise was born at Morristown and the latter of whom was born at Laferty, this county. The parents are still residents of Belmont County, and the father, now seventy-four years of age (1924), is one of the extensive and pioneer dairy farmers of the county, he having been one of the introducers of high-grade Jersey cattle into this section of the state. He served eighteen years as county surveyor, is a republican in politics, and has long been one of the progressive and influential citizens of his native county. After having profited by the advantages of the public schools of Morristown D. Allen Bond entered the Ohio Northern University at Ada, and in this institution he was graduated in 1912, with the degree of Bachelor of Science. He had simultaneously HISTORY OF OHIO - 113 pursued a course in the law department of the university, and the year 1912 marked likewise his reception of the degree of Bachelor of Laws. At the university he became affiliated with the Theta Lambda Pi fraternity. Upon his admission to the bar Mr. Bond opened an office in Saint Clairsville, the county seat, and hcre he has since been engaged in successful practice, in which he specializes in municipal law. In 1919 he became village solicitor of Flushing, this county, and he retained this position at the opening of the year 1924, besides which he has been solicitor of the village of Belmont since 1922, and city solicitor of Saint Clairsville since the early part of the year 1923. He has incidentally revised the municipal ordinances of each of these towns. Mr. Bond has been a resourceful figure in the local councils and campaign activities of the republican party, and in 1918 he was elected representative of Belmont County in the Ohio Legislature. He served effectively during the sessions of 1919 and 1920, was made chairman of the house committee on mines and mining, besides being assigned also to the committees on judiciary, codes, courts and procedure, and universities and colleges. In 1920 he was reelected, and in the Eighty-fourth General Assembly of the Legislature he served as a member of the appropriation and finance committee, of which he was the youngest member, and of the building and loan committee and the committee on colleges and universities. Mr. Bond was the author and the effective champion of a bill for the regulation of the period of livestock detention on railroad cars, a measure introduced at the solicitation of the Farm Bureau, and he made a vigorous fight for the enactment of the. bill, which was duly passed. He introduced also a bill for increasing the salaries of deputy mine inspectors ; a bill for the combining of water and electric plants in cities, presented at the request of citizens of Martins Ferry, Belmont County; and a special bill to provide for the payment of the salaries of under-age school teachers employed in the schools of Belmont County. He was an ardent advocate of the cause of prohibition and that of woman suffrage, in which connection the Ohio Legislature ratified, in the Eighty-fourth General Assembly, both of the amendments to the national constitution. Mr. Bond has been specially active and influential in enforcing prohibition law, and is attorney for the Belmont County Law Enforcement League. He had the distinction of being the first man ever elected to the Legislature from Belmont County on a distinctly "dry " platform. He is a staunch advocate of the principles of the republican party, and he and his wife are zealous members of the Presbyterian Church in Saint Clairsville. He is one of the active members of the progressive local organization known as the Community Club. As city solicitor of Saint Clairsville Mr. Bond prosecuted in the year 1923 more than 400 criminal cases arising out of violations of the liquor laws. June 26, 1912, recorded the marriage of Mr. Bond and Miss Vincia Frost, daughter of E. P. and Anna (Hill) Frost, of Belmont, Mr. Frost being a retired farmer. Mr. and Mrs. Bond have three children: William, Willis and Mary. JOHN SALISBURY COCHRAN was admitted to the bar December 3, 1863, and at the same date in 1923, just sixty years later, he formally retired from his profession as a lawyer. His home and the scene of his work for the greater part of his life have been in Belmont County, at Saint Clairsville, and across the river in Wheeling, West Virginia. Judge Cochran was born in Colerain Township of Belmont County, September 9, 1841, son of Robert and Susana (Davis) Cochran. His grandfather also bore the name of Robert Cochran, and was a pioneer in Eastern Ohio, being a contemporary of the first members of the noted Zane family. Robert Cochran, father of Judge Cochran, was born in 1815, and his wife in 1814. He died in 1863, and his wife in 1893. Judge Cochran grew up in Belmont County on his father's farm, was educated at Martins Ferry, and on July 16, 1861, at the age of twenty, enlisted in Company K of the Fifteenth Ohio Infantry. He was in active duty for a year, when called home on account of the death of his father. He then engaged in teaching and reading law, and upon his admission to the bar engaged in practice at Saint Clairsville. In 1864 he went to Sedalia, Missouri, and served as prosecuting attorney and judge of the Common Pleas Court of Pettis County, Missouri. That was then a frontier district, and rather turbulent on account of being on the border between the North and the South. In 1876 Judge Cochran returned to Wheeling, and practiced law in that city and in Belmont County until November 4, 1902, when he was elected probate judge of Belmont County. March 22, 1867, he married Martha A. Weldin, a native of Wheeling. They are members of the Presbyterian Church, and Judge Cochran is a staunch republican. His long life has brought him a varied knowledge of the personalities and events of Eaton, Ohio, during the past sixty years. Many of his reminiscences and the fruits of his discriminating study of history he embodied in a book known as "Bonnie Belmont," published in. 1907, and said to contain perhaps the most accurate and detailed account of the famous underground railway of abolition times. JOHN POLLOCK, judge of the Court of Appeals of the Seventh Ohio District, is a distinguished citizen of Saint Clairsville, where he practiced law many years, until elevated to the bench. He was born at Uniontown, in Belmont County, Ohio, June 30, 1857, son of Robert J. and Mary J. (Rainey) Pollock. His father died at eighty-six and his mother at seventy-six. They were farming people, substantially identified with their community. Judge Pollock spent his early boyhood days on a farm, attended common schools, Franklin College at New Athens, Ohio, and graduated from the law department of Washington and Jefferson College in 1878. He established his office in Saint Clairsville. From 1893 to 1896 he was associated in practice with Senator J. W. Nichols. Judge Pollock was elected in 190E judge of Common Pleas Court at Belmont County. He was on the Common Pleas bench until December 24, 1910, when he was elected judge of the Court of Appeals of the Seventh District. This district comprises fourteen counties, a large part of Eastern Ohio between Lake Erie and the Ohio River, the counties being Monroe, Noble, Belmont, Guernsey, Harrison, Jefferson, Columbiana, Carroll, Mahoning, Portage, Trumbull, Geauga, Lake and Ashtabula. Judge Pollock since 1918 has served as president of the Saint Clairsville First National Bank. He is a republican and a member of the Presbyterian Church. He married at Bloomington, Illinois, Miss Ella Finney. Her father, Josiah Finney, was a soldier in the Civil war, and a woodworker and lumber dealer. Judge and Mrs. Pollock have one son, Harry F. A. F. BURSON, M. D., since graduating has practiced as a physician and surgeon in Paulding County, in the Village of Oakwood, where he was born and reared and where he continued the prestige of the name Burson in the medical profession, his father having spent many years as a doctor in that county. He was born at Oakwood, January 14, 1885, son of Dr. H. S. and Sarah E. (Harmon) Burson. There were three generations of the family represented in the medical profession. Dr. H. S. Burson, who was born at Mount Blanchard, in Hancock County, Ohio, 114 - HISTORY OF OHIO was the son of Dr. A. F. Burson, one of the pioneers of Northern Ohio, who practiced in Hancock County until his death. Dr. H. S. Burson was reared in that county, graduated from the Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati, took a course in the Medical Department of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and in 1876 began his practice at Oakwood, Paulding County. His professional work was continued there until 1897, when he returned to his old home at Mount Blanchard, where he died in 1900. His wife was born and reared in Paulding County. Of their five children four are living : Jessie, the wife of J. H. Slike, an attorney at Cygnet, Ohio ; Dr. A. F. ; Georgine, the wife of Prof. G. W. Barnes, of Arcanum, Darke County; Harry, a commercial artist at Cleveland; and John, who died in infancy. In the public schools of Oakwood, Dr. A. F. Burson continued his studies to the age of twelve, and after that attended school at Mount Blanchard, where he graduated from high school in 1903. He studied two years in Miami University at Oxford, Ohio, and in 1910 graduated from his father 's Alma Mater, the Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati. Soon after graduating he reestablished his residence in his native Village of Oakwood, where for nearly fifteen years he has continued his practice. He is a member of the Paulding County, Ohio State, Tri-State and American Medical associations. He and his wife are active members of the Episcopal Church, and he has taken an active part in the Sunday school. During the World war Doctor Burson was commissioned a first lieutenant in the Army MedIcal Corps, being stationed for duty at Camp Greenleaf, Georgia. He is affiliated with the Masonic Fraternity, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Modern Woodmen of America, is a republican and a man of much popularity in social as well as professional circles. Doctor Burson married Miss Minnie Hornish. She was born in Paulding County, a graduate of the Oakwood High School, and was a teacher five years before her marriage. They have two sons: George L., born June 7, 1912, and Harry, born February 20, 1917. CLARENCE VIRGIL PORTERFIELD, M. D., is engaged in the general practice of his profession at Saint Clairsville, judicial center of Belmont County, and has won status as one of the representative physicians and surgeons of his native county. On a farm in Richland Township, not far distant from the county seat, Saint Clairsville, Doctor Porterfield was born on the 20th of February, 1888. On the same ancestral farmstead his father, William Dunlap Porterfield, was born in the year 1861, a son of Andrew Porterfield, who was born in 1819 and whose death occurred in 1884. Andrew Porterfield was a son of James Porterfield, who was born in Pennsylvania and who gained pioneer honors in Ohio, he having first settled in Jefferson County and having thence come in an early day to Richland Township, Belmont County, where he reclaimed and developed a productive farm. He was one of the substantial and honored pioneers of this county, and here remained until the close of his life, his son Andrew having likewise upheld the prestige of the family name in connection with civic affairs and constructive farm industry and having remained on the old homestead farm until his death. William Dunlap Porterfield was reared to the sturdy discipline of the farm, and his early education was gained in the public schools of Belmont County. In 1885 he was graduated from Ohio Northern University at Ada, from which he received the degree of Bachelor of Science. For six years he continued his effective service as a successful and popular teacher in the school of his home district, and he was for three years a teacher in the village school of Glencoe, Belmont County. He served three years as township trustee. He was made the first township superintendent of schools in Richland Township, and introduced in his native county the system of township organization in connection with schools service. In 1895 Mr. Porterfield became instructor in English and history in Franklin College and of this position he continued the incumbent until the college building was destroyed by fire in 1901. Thereafter he served until 1913 as the efficient and valued superintendent of the public schools of Saint Clairsville, and in the latter year he became the first cashier of the First National Bank in the Village of Neffs, Belmont County, an executive office of which he has since continued in tenure. For more than twenty years he has been active and influential in the affairs of the Presbyterian Church, of which he and his wife are zealous members, and he gave years of service as a teacher in the Sunday School. His political allegiance is given to the republican party, but he has had no ambition for political preferment. He has served as a member of the Belmont County Board of School Examiners, and he still maintains lively interest in educational affairs in his native county. His father, Andrew Porterfield, likewise was a staunch republican, and was an earnest member of the Presbyterian Church, besides having been affiliated with the Masonic fraternity. Andrew Porterfield married Miss Elizabeth Adeline Glasgow, who was born in Richland Township, Belmont County, in 1837, her father, a native of Ireland and a man of superior education, having settled in Belmont County in 1825 and having been one of the popular teachers in the pioneer schools of this section of Ohio. In 1886 was solemnized the marriage of William D. Porterfield and Miss Myrtle E. Bear, who was born near Dayton, this state, and of their children two sons are living at the time of this writing, in the winter of 1923-24. Dr. Clarence V. Porterfield profited by the advantages of the public schools of Saint Clairsville, including the high school, and thereafter he pursued a higher academic course by attending Westminster College. He was prominent in the athletic affairs of this college as a member of the football and track teams. In preparation for the work of his chosen profession he entered famous old Starling, Ohio, Medical College, in the City of Columbus, and in this institution he was graduated as a member of the class of 1913. He was there affiliated with the Alpha Mu Pi Omega medical college fraternity, and in his senior year he served as house physician in Mercy Hospital at Columbus and also at the Ohio State Penitentiary. After receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine Doctor Porterfield established himself in practice at Neffs, Belmont County, where he remained until 1917, since which year he has maintained his home and professional headquarters at Saint Clairsville, the county seat. The doctor is an active member of the Belmont County Medical Society, besides being affiliated with the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. He insistently keeps in touch with the advances made in medical and surgical science, and to compass this end he has recourse every two years to effective post-graduate work in leading medical schools and hospitals. Doctor Porterfield is aligned loyally in the ranks of the republican party, he and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian Church, and he is affiliated with the local Blue Lodge, Chapter, Council and Commandery of the Masonic fraternity, besides being a Noble of the Mystic Shrine and a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He is serving in 1924 as a member of the Saint Clairsville Board of Education. HISTORY OF OHIO - 115 On the 30th of December, 1913, was solemnized the marriage of Doctor Porterfield and Miss Gertrude L. Carlisle, daughter of John and Eugenia (Jonston) Carlisle, her father being engaged in the retail lumber business in Belmont County and her mother being a sister of the late Benjamin R. Johnston, of whom mention is made on other pages of this work. Doctor and Mrs. Porterfield have two sons, Robert Allen and David Ormond. JOHN DOWNING HAYS, state senator, coal operator, and long and favorably known in the agricultural and industrial affairs of Belmont County, was born in Wheeling Township of that county, January 25, 1857. His father, Henderson Hays, was born in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, March 29, 1821, and spent his active years as a farmer in Belmont County, where he died January 1, 1890. His wife, Catherine Downing, was born March 21, 1827, and died February 22, 1906. Senator Hays was educated in the public schools of his native township and in Franklin College, New Athens, Ohio, and for forty years or more was in close touch with the agricultural industry of the county. He gave his personal supervision to his farming interests until 1894, and had farms under his ownership or management until 1919. In 1894 he was made deputy county treasurer, and in 1901 was nominated by acclamation and elected county treasurer, filling that office for two terms. For a number of years he has been engaged in the coal business, being a member of the Belmont Collieries Company and the Maher Collieries Company. Ile is a director of the Second National Bank. He is a Presbyterian, has served on the Board of Sessions of the church, and is superintendent of the Sunday school. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge, Royal Arch Chapter, and Council at Saint Clairsville, and Hope Commander/ of the Knights Templar. In 1914 and 1915 and again in 1917-18 he represented Belmont County in the Lower House of the Legislature. In 1920 he was elected to the Senate as a representative of the Twentieth and Twenty-second districts, comprising Belmont, Harrison, Jefferson and Columbiana counties, and in 1922 was reelected. In the Legislature he has been much consulted, and has wielded an important influence in legislature pertaining to agriculture, mining and banking. SHULER AND BENNINGHOFEN. One of the oldest business firms continuously under the same title in Ohio is that of Shuler and Benninghofen at Hamilton, proprietors of the Miami Woolen Mills, manufacturers of blankets and one of the larger industries in the United States manufacturing paper makers' felts. The industry is now more than seventy years old, and for most of that time has been conducted by the firm of Shuler and Benninghofen. The woolen mills were originally established in 1853 by August Breitenbach, Asa Shuler and Robert Christie. In 1858 Asa Shuler and John W. Benninghofen acquired the business and created the firm of Shuler and Benninghofen. The sons of these original proprietors now continue the business under the old name. A new mill was erected in 1862, and a prosperous business was carried on until the fall of 1865, when the plant was destroyed by fire. Early the next year a new building was completed. The first output of the plant was woolen blankets, yarns, jeans, satinets and other cloths, and in 1864 the firm began the manufacture of felt for use on paper making machinery. In 1866 the plant turned out the first endless felt, by joining the ends, the earlier product having been in piece form. This is a special product, requiring special machinery of larger dimensions than that usually found in woolen mills. Some of this special machinery was purchased in Europe, and the plant now has facilities for the manufacture of felts of any width required, and many of the styles of felts made are now woven seamless width. In 1894 the firm moved to a new and specially constructed plant at Lindenwald, which was enlarged from time to time, the latest addition being a three-story concrete building, 293 by 84 feet, erected during 1921-22, in which much new machinery was placed driven by electric power. The firm now operates what is known as an eleven set mill—eleven cards and eleven mules, with a full equipment of warping, weaving and finishing machinery. The firm employs over three hundred hands, and in addition to paper makers' felt the output comprises a large and important line of bed blankets, crib blankets, Jacquard wrapper blankets, Indian and Chinese blankets and shawls. A large export business has been built up John W. Benninghofen, one of the original partners, died in 1881, and his successors are his sons C. Ind P. Benninghofen. Asa Shuler, the surviving original partner, died in 1895 and was succeeded by his sons C. A. and W. B. Shuler. These four men are now the sole owners of this prosperous business. Mr. C. Benninghofen is also a partner in Krauth and Benninghofen, manufacturers of music stands, autographic registers and printing presses. This latter partnership was formed in 1884, and since the death of Mr. Albert Krauth in 1918 his daughter and son-in-law, Eleonore Diesbach and F. G. Diesbach, succeeded to his interest. C. and P. Benninghofen and Ellis S. Rump are partners in the Hamilton Autographic Register Company, a business that was first started by George W. Hughes, James Jackson, C. and P. Benninghofen, and the National Autographic Register Company of New York. With the removal of Mr. Hughes to St. Paul, Minnesota, his interest was purchased by C. and P. Benninghofen, who later on also acquired the interests of James Jackson and of the National Autographic Register Company. C. and P. Benninghofen were sole owners until January 1, 1919, when they sold an interest in the firm to the general manager, Ellis S. Rump. The output serves to increase the fame of Hamilton as a manufacturing center, including the Hamilton Satisfactory Systems, consisting of autographic registers, typewriter attachments, roll printed and blank forms, and other stationery supplies, including binders, holders, carbon paper, files, etc. JOHN F. FERGUS is president of and attorney for the Park Savings Company, one of the oldest and most substantial building and loan associations in Columbus. Mr. Fergus is dean of the building and loan officials in Columbus, having been connected with the Park Savings Company in an official capacity for more than a quarter of a century. Because of his long experience in this branch of financial work, he is considered an authority in this state on building and loan matters. Through his own personal efforts Mr. Fergus has been instrumental in building up a financial institution with assets in excess of $3,000,000 and serving nearly 10,000 people. During the quarter of a century that Mr. Fergus has been prominently connected with the Park Savings Company not a single depositor has ever lost a penny, nor has a stockholder missed a dividend. Mr. Fergus is a member of the executive committee of the Ohio Building Association League, one of the highest positions in the gift of Ohio building and loan men. He also is president of the Columbus League of Building and Loan associations, an organ- 116 - HISTORY OF OHIO ization comprising some twenty building and loan companies, with assets in excess of $60,000,000. In addition to his activities in the interest of building and loan associations Mr. Fergus has for years been active in the civic welfare work of Columbus. He is a member of the Columbus Chamber of Commerce, a past president and active worker for the North Side Commercial Club and has taken an important part in practically every civic endeavor of any importance. Mr. Fergus comes from a prominent Ohio family and was born in Miami County, March 8, 1863. His grandfather was Gen. James Fergus, who came from Virginia to Ohio in 1807, and who was a man of much prominence among the early pioneers of the state. He was county commissioner, and served in the Ohio General Assembly in 1825 and 1826. His death occurred at the age of seventy-two. His son, John Shannon Fergus, was born in 1819, and most of his life was spent as an agriculturist, in which line'of work he attained considerable distinction. He died at the age of sixty-nine. John F. Fergus had the benefit of the stimulating influence of early life on a farm. He taught school, attended Ohio State University and graduated as a member of the first law class, in 1892. After leaving college Mr. Fergus engaged in the practice of law in the north end, or university section, of Columbus, which profession he actively followed until 1898, when he became secretary and attorney of the Park Savings Company, and since that time he has devoted most of his efforts to the management of that institution. When Mr. Fergus entered the Park Savings Company it had been in operation for eight years and had resources of about $100,000. During the past quarter of a century, under the guiding hand of Mr. Fergus, this company has become one of the most progressive and one of the most substantial building and loan associations in Ohio. In addition to performing a real service in affording the people of Columbus a place in which to save safely, Mr. Fergus, through the Park Savings Company, had been enabled to build homes for hundreds of people on the North Side, adding not only to the material welfare of the individuals, but to that of the city as a whole. Mr. Fergus is a thirty-second degree Mason, and for twenty years has been treasurer of King Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church. He first married Ella May Addison, who died in 1915. She was the mother of five children: Sue F., wife of Wallace H. Cumberland; Corwin Addison, a realtor ; Edward S., a building contractor ; Mary Frances, wife of Dr. H. L. Dute, and Carl Franklin, a student in Miami University. Mr. Fergus' present wife was Mary- Frances Black, of New Carlisle, Ohio. MRS. HATTIE S. JAMES. As librarian of the Lane Public Library of Hamilton Mrs. James has done much to broaden the service and improve the facilities of this institution. Her work at the library covers a period of a score of years, first as assistant and for past eleven years as librarian. She was born at Hamilton in Butler County, daughter of Joseph C. and Martha (Smith) Symmes. She was reared and educated at Hamilton, and in 1894 became the wife of Clement V. James. At his death she was left with the care of three young children. In December, 1903, she began her duties as assistant librarian of the Lane Public Library, and in 1912 was promoted to librarian. Clement V. James was well known in business circles in Southern Ohio. He was born in Hamilton, April 28, 1871, son of Barton and Mary J. (Longfellow) James, and a grandson of John Longfellow, one of the pioneer settlers of Butler County. Barton James was a farmer in early years, and after moving to Hamilton engaged in the drug business and in 1878 was elected clerk of the Common Pleas Court, serving in that office from February, 1879, until his death. A liberal education acquired in the public schools of Hamilton and at Miami University prepared Clement V. James for a business career. For eight years he was cost clerk with the Niles Tool Works and then became traveling representative of the Foundry Supply Company of Pittsburgh. Mrs. James is the mother of three children, Laird, Evelyn and Temple. Both sons made records as soldiers in the World war. Laird is a graduate of the Hamilton High School, and was in the offices of the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton and the Baltimore & Ohio railroads until March, 1918, when he went into training with the Coast Artillery Corps at Fortress Monroe, Virginia. He was made corporal and later supply sergeant, and received his honorable discharge in February, 1919. He then became an employe of the American Wire and Steel Company. Temple James, the second son, after leaving public schools learned the machinists' trade, and was with the Niles Tool Works until July, 1917. At that date he enlisted and was trained with the field artillery at Camp Sheridan, Alabama, and while there was promoted to corporal. June, 1918, he went to France, and saw active service in the Meuse-Argonne campaign and in the Marbach sector. He received his honorable discharge at Camp Sherman, March 10, 1919, and then resumed work at his trade. He married Mildred Chadwick, daughter of Capt. Harry R. and Grace (Flenner) Chadwick. The only daughter of Mrs. James married Leon J. Ziliox, a Hamilton attorney. HOMER GARD, of Hamilton, is a veteran newspaper man of a third of a century 's experience. In Ohio newspaper circles he has the reputation of being a man who has developed several newspapers and put them on a profitable basis. Through nearly all his career as a journalist he has been a prominent and influential factor in democratic politics. Mr. Gard was born January 9, 1866. His father, Hon. S. Z. Gard, served as prosecuting attorney of Butler County from 1862 to 1866, and was one of the leading lawyers of Southern Ohio. Homer Gard graduated from the Hamilton High School with the class of 1884. He followed that with a three years' course in Amherst College in Massachusetts. His first work in newspaperdom was performed as a reporter on the Daily News. In 1890 he became reporter for the Daily Democrat, and on January 1, 1891, was advanced to the position of editor and business manager. In that capacity he instituted reforms and made the paper a success financially and a power for the democratic party in Butler County. In accord with his management the paper was sold to a syndicate for $38,000, an increase of $24,000 over the original purchase price. In January, 1895, Mr. Gard purchased a controlling interest in the News-Democrat of Canton, Ohio. After having more than doubled that paper 's circulation he sold his interests thirteen months later and, returning to Hamilton in 1896, became managing editor of the Daily News. He held that position about seven years. In 1903 Mr. Gard bought the Evening Democrat, becoming president of the company which is now known as the Journal Publishing Company. The company also publishes the Butler County Democrat, one of the oldest papers in Ohio, founded more than a century ago. Mr. Gard in 1903 was appointed city clerk of Hamilton, and served two years in that office. He was postmaster of the City of Hamilton throughout the eight years of President Wilson's administra- HISTORY OF OHIO - 117 Hon. Fraternally he is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Fraternal Order of Eagles, and belongs to the Hamilton Chamber of Commerce. Mrs. Gard is a member of the board of trustees of the Children's Home Association of Hamilton. Her maiden name was Lutie Matthias, of Hamilton. They were married June 1, 1892. Their only child, Charles Campbell Gard, was born January 13, 1895, and was one of the Americans who gave up their lives as a result of service during the World war. He was educated in the Hamilton High School, in Amherst College in Massachusetts, and took a course in journalism at the University of Wisconsin. He was in newspaper work until the beginning of the World war. He joined the Aviation Corps, and as adjutant of the One Hundred and Eighty-sixth Aerial Squadron was in France during the latter part of the war. After the armistice he was a member of the flying squadron which dropped flowers on President Wilson on his arrival in France. Subsequently, while still abroad, his plane fell and he received injuries from which he never recovered. He died October 25, 1921. EDWARD EVERETT BROWN, D. O., is one of the prominent professional men of the City of Hamilton, and for many years has specialized in the branch of optometry pertaining to the eye. He was born at Bemus Point, New York, January 1, 1870, son of Romantus Brown, of Bemus Point. He acquired his early education in the public schools of Jamestown, New York, and in 1902 graduated from the Northern Illinois College of Ophthalmology and Otology. After some years of practice he attended the Needles Institute of Optometry, graduating with the degree Doctor of Optometry in 1920. He took the standard examination under the Ohio law and was licensed to practice as an optometrist on January 1, 1922. Doctor Brown has on the first floor of the Beeler Building at Hamilton four rooms equipped with all the instruments of precision and other appliances used in his profession. In November, 1912, he married Miss Martha G. Francis, of Middletown, Ohio, daughter of Benjamin Francis. She is a graduate of the Hamilton High School. Doctor Brown is a member of the Butler County, Ohio State and National Optometrical societies, and attends all the state and national meetings. HENRY LEE GOOD, M. D. A physician whose name has been identified with the profession at Hamilton for the past thirteen years is Henry Lee Good, a native of Hamilton, and who represents a family that has been prominent in the professional life of the city for many years. His grandfather, Henry Good, settled in Butler County in 1816. Arthur T. Good, his father, who died February 17, 1921, was a dentist by profession, and practiced over forty years. He was born March 20, 1849, was educated in Antioch and Otterbein colleges, and in 1874 entered the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, where he was graduated with the Doctor of Dental Surgery degree in 1876. In the same year he located in Hamilton, and in addition to handling his private practice he interested himself in the advancement of his profession. He was a member of the Mississippi Valley Dental societies. On September 14, 1875, Dr. Arthur T. Good married Miss Emma Jane Beal, of Westerville, Ohio. They had been students together in Otterbein College. Her parents were John and Jane (Budd) Beal. Mrs. Arthur T. Good died September 19, 1921. There were two children, Dr. Henry Lee Good and Jane Marie Good. The daughter was educated in the Hamilton High School, is a graduate of the musical department of Wooster College, and also is a graduate Bachelor of Arts of the Western College for Women, at Oxford, Ohio. In 1923 she was married to Dr. E. C. Sill, of Hamilton, Ohio. Dr. Henry Lee Good was born April. 22, 1880, was educated in Hamilton High School and also attended Wooster College at Wooster, Ohio, where he was graduated Bachelor of Surgery in 1901. Doctor Good pursued the study of medicine at Pulte Medical College at Cincinnati, where he was graduated Doctor of Medicine in 1907. After graduating he served two years as an interne at Bethesda Hospital in Cincinnati, and spent one year lit the Cumberland Street Hospital in Brooklyn, New York. With this training experience he engaged in the work of his profession at Hamilton in 1910, and has handled an extensive general practice since that time. He is a member of the Butler County Medical Society, the Ohio State and American Medical associations, belongs to the Cincinnati Homeopathic Lyceum, the Ohio State Homeopathic Society, the American Institute of Homeopathy. When America entered the World war Doctor Good immediately volunteered his services, and was given a commission in the Medical Reserve Corps, but owing to his duties as a medical member of the local draft board he was not called to camp until ten days before the armistice. At Hamilton he was a member of the Liberty Loan, Young Men's Christian Association and Red Cross drives. Doctor Good is a Knight Templar and thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason and Shriner, is a charter member of the Hamilton Rotary Club, belongs to the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, the Hamilton Club, and the Butler County Country Club. His church affiliations are with the First Presbyterian Church of Hamilton. CHARLES S. ROSE made a fortunate choice of business affiliations before he had reached his majority. He went to work for the contracting firm of Robert H. Evans & Company and has been with that business, a member of the firm for a number of years, and has charge of the Columbus offices. This business was founded nearly seventy years ago, and only a few changes have been made in the management during the past forty-five years. It is without exception the oldest contracting firm in Ohio. In extent of its business it ranks easily among the largest in the Middle West. The business was founded in Zanesville and that city still remains the home office. However for some years most of the large contracts have been handled out of the Columbus office. Robert H. Evans & Company does every class of heavy building construction, specializing in reinforced concrete. This firm had the contract for the erection of the McKinley High School and the John Layman High School, both in the city of Canton. Their business in Columbus has greatly increased in recent years. The first work the firm did there was nearly half a century ago in the construction of the Green-Joyce Building. Some of the more recent contracts in capital cities are the new shop building for the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, the plants of the Central Ohio Paper Company and the G. Edwin Smith Shoe Company, the Third Avenue Bridge, the Central High School and the North High School Building, the Belle Street plant of the Godman Shoe Company, the Nurses Home at Grant Hospital, the plant of the Creith Lumber Company, the new Young Men's Christian Association Building, Pomerene Hall at Ohio State University, the new buildings of the veterinary department at the University. In 1923 the company had the contract for the construction of the new Timken industrial plant at Canton, the new High School at Coshocton, and the Bell Telephone 118 - HISTORY OF OHIO Building at Massillon. This company has taken many large contracts for construction work for the Pennsylvania Railroad in Ohio and Indiana. The engineering and other departments of the firm are thoroughly organized and men of expert experience are in charge of all the branches. The company has a large sum of money invested in mechanical equipment and it has been a part of their reputation that the most advanced methods of business efficiency in the building arts are demonstratcd in the various crews and outfits that handle the contracts. Their work in its entirety has covered all phases of construction, including courthouses, churches, hotels, clubs, manufacturing plants, office buildings, sewage disposal plants and bridges. The record of the business is one of continuous, steady growth from year to year. It is also remarkable that in all the years they have been in business they have never had a structural failure, and have constantly adhered to the ideals of commercial integrity and service. Charles S. Rose, who has the active management of the Columbus offices of the firm, was born at Massillon, Stark County, in 1878, son of William H. and Sarah (Lichtenwalter) Rose, also natives of Ohio. He is a graduate of the Massillon Public Schools, Massillon Actual Business College and Commercial Law Schools and soon afterward accepted a position as office manager of the firm of Robert H. Evans & Company, general contractors and engineers, with headquarters at Zanesville. He went to work for the firm while it was handling a contract at Massillon. Later he was with them at Cleveland, and since 1905 has been in Columbus, as the executive in charge of the Columbus office. Since the death of the senior Mr. Evans the firm has been Robert H. Evans & Company, the three partners being Robert H. and Elmer A. Evans of Zanesville and Mr. Rose of Columbus. As a Columbus citizen Mr. Rose has been active in civic as well as business affairs. He is a member of the Columbus Rotary Club, the Chamber of Commerce, the Columbus Country Club, Columbus Athletic Club, Old Colony Club, Automobile Club, and is a Knight Templar Scottish Rite Mason and Shriner, a Grotto Mason and a member of the Elks. He married Miss Pearletta A. Snyder. They have one son, Gordon Snyder Rose. FRANK J. J. SLOAT, of Hamilton, is one of Ohio 's most widely experienced men in public utility management and operation. For a number of years he was identified with the management of electric railways and other public service corporations. In recent years he has given most of his time to coal, oil and gas as a developer and operator. Mr. Sloat, who is president of the Sloat-Darragh Coal Company of Hamilton, was born at Sandusky, Ohio, September 19, 1870, son of Gregory and Theresa Sloat. He was educated in the public schools of his native city, and acquired his first experience there with the electric lighting corporation. From 1892 to 1895 he was superintendent of the Sandusky Street Railway Company, resigning to become manager of the Akron, Bedford & Cleveland Railroad Company, with offices in Akron. He held that position from 1895 to 1898, and in the latter year was elected general manager of the Hamilton Electric Railway Company and its consolidated properties, known as the Cincinnati, Dayton & Toledo Traction Company, a transportation system which is now the Ohio Electric Railway Company. Mr. Sloat was manager of these properties for twelve years. In 1909, with his family, he moved to California to look after mining interests, and lived at Los Angeles, Nevada City and Morgan Hill, returning to Hamilton in 1916. Here he became president of the Hamilton Ice & Cold Storage Company, and is still the active head of that corporation. In 1917 he and C. E. Darragh organized the Sloat-Darragh Coal Company, of which he is president and Mr. Darragh, secretary and treasurer. This company manages coal mines and also maintains sales agencies for the dis- tribution of their output. More recently Mr. Sloat organized among some Hamilton business men a corporation known as the La Darr Oil & Gas Company, of which he is vice president. This company, with Hamilton capital, was formed to prospect for gas and oil in Butler County. The three wells drilled up to this time, West of Darrtown in Butler County, have a low pressure flow of gas at the rate of 600,000 cubic feet. This is the largest flow of gas ever found in the county. For three years, including the World war period, Mr. Sloat served as director of public service at Hamilton being appointed by a democratic mayor, though himself a republican. He resigned at the close of the war, a year before his term expired. He is a Mason and Shriner, a member of the Hamilton Business Club, the Butler County Country Club, and has a very extensive range of business and social acquaintances all over the country. Mr. Sloat married in 1899 Miss Mathilda Bender, of Hamilton, daughter of John and Lena Bender. Her father was one of the Bender Brothers Company, one of the most widely known building contracting firms in Southwestern Ohio. Mrs. Sloat finished her education in the Hamilton High School, and is a member and former vice president of the Woman's Club of Hamilton. Mr. and Mrs. Sloat have two sons. John Gregory, born in 1901, graduated from the Hamilton High School, spent three years in Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, and recently graduated from Miami University at Oxford, Ohio. The second son, Joseph Jay, born in 1903, is a graduate of the Hamilton High School and now attending Miami University RICHARD S. RADCLIFFE was the founder and for thirty years has been the active head of the drug business at Hamilton conducted by Radcliffe Brothers. His brother, of Cincinnati, was financially interested in the busincss from the start, but the management and control has developed upon Richard S. Radcliffe, a practical pharmacist and a business man who has built up an enterprise of his own and whose judgment and cooperation have been sought by various financial and civic institutions and organizations in Hamilton. Mr. Radcliffe was born at Arlington, Alabama, August 3, 1874, son of Leonard and Elizabeth Radcliffe.. His father was a native of Charleston, South Carolina, and spent his active career at Arlington, Alabama, where he was a cotton grower and commission merchant. The mother was a Virginian. Richard S. was the younger of the two children. His brother, W. J. Radcliffe, became president of the E. A. Kinsey Company of Cincinnati. On June 6, 1893, when he was only nineteen years old, Richard S. Radcliffe started the business now known as Radcliffe Brothers. His first store was at Third and Dayton streets, and in 19,11 the firm moved to Second and High streets. The building there was later replaced by the Rentschler Building, where Radcliffe Brothers have one of the finest equipped and stocked drug stores in Southern Ohio. The firm suffered heavily in the flood of 1913, but the prestige of the concern was unimpaired. Mr. Richard S. Radcliffe is also a director of the Dime Savings Bank of Hamilton, and is a director of the Hamilton Gravel Company. As a public spirited citizen of Hamilton he is serving as president HISTORY OF OHIO - 119 of the Board of Sinking Fund Trustees, and is president of the Butler County Country Club, a director of the Hamilton Club, and a director of the Chamber of Commerce. Fraternally he is a member of the Masons, Elks and Knights of Pythias. Mr. Radcliffe married at Toronto, Canada, in 1903, Miss Edith C. Keighley. She was born and reared in Toronto. They have two children, Betty, born in 1907, and George, born in 1909. Mr. Radcliffe and family were guests at the Wa Wa Hotel, Lake of Bays, Canada, on a summer vacation when that noted resort hotel was destroyed by fire August 19, 1923. They fortunately escaped injury, though nine other guests were burned to death. WILBUR B. CALDWELL, D. D. S., has practiced dentistry at Hamilton for a quarter of a century, and the profession at large recognizes him as one of the most skilled and advanced workers in the field of dental surgery. He was born in Butler County, March 11, 1875, son of John R. and Mary C. Caldwell and a grandson of the late George R. Caldwell. He acquired his early education in public schools, and then entered the Ohio College of Dental Surgery at Cincinnati, where he was graduated with the class of 1898. Following his graduation Doctor Caldwell practiced for twenty-one years at Hamilton, handling the regular routine of a general practitioner in dentistry. Since that time, however, he has specialized and largely confined his work to prosthetic dentistry. He is a member of the State and American Dental associations. He is an elder in the United Presbyterian Church of Hamilton. In 1902 Doctor Caldwell married Miss Mary E. Stetzel, daughter of John and Ellen Stetzel, of Butler County. They have one daughter, Eleanor N., born in 1906, now a junior in the Hamilton High School. HOWARD R. WOLF, who is a Doctor of Dental Surgery, is a well known specialist at Hamilton, confining his work to oral surgery and X-ray diagnosis. Doctor Wolf was born at Circleville, Ohio, December 10, 1883, son of Christopher Wolf, a business man of that Ohio city. Howard R. Wolf was reared and educated at Circleville, attended public school, and in 1906 graduated from Ohio State University. He took special courses in oral surgery and X-ray at Columbus and also at Cincinnati. In the Rentschler Building at Hamilton he has a suite of rooms equipped with all the modern appliances for his work as an oral surgeon and in X-ray examination. Doctor Wolf is a member of the State and National Associations of Oral Surgeons, and the Butler County, Ohio State and National Dental societies, and is a frequent attendant at the meetings of these professional bodies. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and the Rotary Club of Hamilton. May 16, 1914, Doctor Wolf married Miss Josephine Dietz, of Hamilton County, Ohio. ELMORE J. FRECHTLING. While one of the younger business men of Hamilton, Elmore J. Frechtling is head or otherwise officially connected with business enterprises of great scope and magnitude. His business offices comprise an extensive suite in the Rentschler Building. Among others he is president of the E. J. Frechtling Coal Company and proprietor of the E. J. Frechtling Insurange Agency. He was born at Hamilton, August 23, 1886, son of Henry and Mary E. (Hartman) Frechtling. Henry Frechtling, Jr., as his father was known, was one of the prominent merchants of Hamilton for many years, until his death. Elmore J. Frechtling acquired his early education at Hamilton, attending high school, and had an extensive training working for others before he went into business on his own account. He spent two years with the Niles Tool Works Company, and two years in his father 's department store. He then established the E. J. Frechtling Insurance Agency, and this has developed until it is now the largest general insurance agency in Hamilton. The agency writes fire, life, accident, casualty and indemnity, and represents such companies as Glens Falls, Hartford, American, Aetna, Rhode Island, Security of New Haven, National Union of Pittsburgh, American Eagle, Mechanics & Traders, Norwich Union, Phoenix of England, Fidelity & Casualty of New York, Travelers of Hartford and many others. Part of the business of this agency is coal mine insurance in West Virginia. In 1921 Mr. Frechtling organized and had incorporated the E. J. Frechtling Coal Company, with a capital stock of $50,000. The company now has invested assets of $250,000, and does an extensive wholesale and retail business. Their three retail yards comprise one at Franklin and the Belt Line, one at High Street and the Baltimore & Ohio Railway in Hamilton, and one at Woodlawn and the Big Four Railway at Middletown. The company is also the wholesale representative of the output of the Main Island Creek Coal Company of West Virginia. This company has recently constructed a large plant at Hamilton and another at Middletown to handle building material and supplies. Mr. Frechtling is president; Guy C. Mitchell, vice president; Brandon Milliken, secretary, and E. J. Frechtling, treasurer of the corporation. Mr. Frechtling is also a director of the Valley Mortgage Company, is vice president of the Ray Shipman Company, and vice president of the Hamilton Gravel Company. During the World war he handled all the negotiations without charge to supply coal for manufacturing plants in Butler County. He was a leader in the Liberty Loan drive, the Red Cross and Young Men's Christian Association campaigns. He is treasurer of the Hamilton Young Men's Christian Association. He also belongs to the Business Men's Club of Cincinnati, the Hamilton Club, the Butler County Country Club, the Hamilton Chamber of Commerce, the Middletown Civic Association, Rotary Club and the Presbyterian Church. In 1907 he married Miss Carrie Dick, daughter of D. Frank and Lou (Beal) Dick, of Hamilton. She finished her education in the Hamilton High School and the Oxford College for Women. Mr. and Mrs. Frechtling have one son, David Dick, born in 1909, now a student in the Hamilton High School. HARVEY G. PRICE. The marvelous development of the building industry has brought into being many new concerns connected with its different phases, which are owned and operated by men of excellent business acumen and broad vision, and one of them which has made mighty strides forward during the comparatively short period of its existence is the Cast Stone Company, of which Harvey G. Price is sole owner. This company manufactures artificial stone for all building purposes, and it has become one of the leading industries of Columbus. Harvey G. Price was born in Jackson Township, Union County, Ohio, in 1884, a son of Harvey G. and Eliza (Criswell) Price, both of whom are deceased, and grandson of Harvey G. Price, one of the pioneers of Jackson Township. He came to Union County from Baltimore, Maryland, and settled in what is now Jackson Township before a tree had been felled or any other development commenced in that part of the county. Taking up land, he imprOved it and became in the course of time one of the substan- 120 - HISTORY OF OHIO tial farmers of his township, and his namesake son followed in his footsteps, becoming a man of substance, a large landowner, and leaving to his descendants the rich heritage of an honorable name. Both he and his father were men of influence and weight in their home community. The first Harvey G. Price donated the Price Cemetery in Jackson Township, in this action following the example of his forefather, who had similarly donated a plot of land for burial purposes to the City of Philadelphia, known as Price Cemetery, adjoining the land on which stands Independence Hall. Growing up on his father's farm in Jackson Township, Harvey G. Price of this notice, the third to bear the name, attended the National Normal School at Lebanon, Ohio. His first permanent business experience was acquired as an employe of the firm of McAllister, Mohler & Company of Columbus, with which he remained until 1909, when he entered the building material business in Marion, Ohio, and in 1919 acquired the business known as the Cast Stone Company of Columbus, Ohio. The Cast Stone Company manufactures artificial stone for all purposes, including foundation units that make waterproof, everlasting, clean and attractive basements, which are warmer in winter and cooler in summer; ornamental trim stone for brick and stone buildings, vases, bird baths, yard ornaments and markers, seats and columns for cemeteries in any color or shape, all according to rules and mixtures advised by the highest authorities in architecture and engineering. Within the less than five years that Mr. Price has owned this business, he has developed it into one of importance. In addition to erecting a number of handsome residences, Mr. Price in 1923 filled contracts for the coconstructionf the following buildings at Columbus: The Columbus Washboard Company, the Church of God, a modern residence for R. D. Littler, a modern store building at High and Woodruff streets, an apartment house on High Street, opposite the Ohio State University, and numerous others. In addition to the Cast Stone Company Mr. Price has other interests, and among them is his connection with the Marion Buick Company at Marion, Ohio, in partnership with his brother, J. Leonard Price, of that city. They control and own the business of the Buick people at Marion, and occupy the finest automobile plant at Marion, and also direct the management of their farms for diversion. Harvey G. Price married Miss Florence C. Colby, a niece of the famous Sells Brothers, Ephriam Peter and Lewis Sells, of Columbus, prominent showmen and builders, and owners of a great deal of business and residential property at Columbus. Mr. Price is a Shriner Mason, and belongs to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Athletic Club and the Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts. ELMER ELLSWORTH POWELL. Probably no city in Ohio has a more distinguished scholar at the head of its municipal government than Oxford. The mayor of Oxford is Elmer Ellsworth Powell, professor emeritus of philosophy at Miami University, and a man who has been honored in the field of scholarship both in this country and abroad. Doctor Powell was born at Clayton, Illinois, August 16, 1861, son of Curtis and Margaret (Welch) Powell. His parents are now deceased, his father having had a long career as a minister of the Methodist Church. Elmer Ellsworth Powell was educated in district schools in Hancock. County, Illinois, attended graded schools at Chatham, that state, and spent four years in the high school at Lincoln, Illinois, and also attended the college at Lincoln. He taught a district school five months, and in 1881 entered the University of Michigan, where he took the classical course, graduating Bachelor of Arts in 1885. Later he entered the School of Theology of Boston University, and was graduated in 1890 with the degree of Bachelor of Systematic Theology. On graduating Bishop Andrews of the Methodist Church appointed him a teacher in the recently founded Protestant SeSchoolf Theology at Florence, Italy, a school to train Italians for the work of the Protestant Church in Italy. After two years the school was removed to Rome, and Doctor Powell was a member of its faculty from 1890 to 1896. On account of ill health he was granted a year 's leave of absence, spending that year in Germany studying, as his health would permit, at the University of Halle. Then deciding not to return to Italy, he continued his advanced studies at the University of Bonn, which awarded him the Doctor of Philosophy degree Magna Cum Laude in 1899. The title of his thesis for the Doctor 's degree was "Spinoza's Conception of God." Remaining in Germany several months after taking his Doctor 's degree, he returned to the United States, spending the winter and spring of 1900 at Cambridge, Massachusetts. In the fall of that year he accepted the chair of professor of modern languages in Franklin and Marshall College at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, serving from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 he accepted the call to the chair of philosophy in Miami University, and was one of the active members of the faculty until June, 1921, when he was retired on a pension with the title of Professor Emeritus of Philosophy. Without special compensation he still teaches one course at the university. In 1923 Doctor Powell was solicited by the people of Oxford to become candidate for mayor. He was elected by about a four to one vote over his opponent. Doctor Powell since becoming mayor has waged a determined fight against crime and vice, and has also lent his influence to the making of street , mprovements. For years he has been head of a cocommitteeo beautify the streets and parks of Oxford. Doctor Powell received the thirty-second degree in Scottish Rite Masonry at Cincinnati with a class of 130, and was elected president of the class. He is a member of the American Philosophical Association, the Western Philosophical Association, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the National Council of the National Economic League, the Liberal League, and is a republican. He is a member of the West Ohio Methodist Episcopal Conference. Doctor Powell is author of the book, " Spinoza and Religion, " published in 1906. His most recent contribution to literature is "The Present Industrial System From a Moral Point of View," now in process of completion. On November 8, 1893, Doctor Powell married Miss Blanche Lottie Swasey, of Cambridge, Massachusetts. They were married on the famous Capitoline Hill in Rome, the mayor of Rome being the official at the ceremony. Her parents were Edward and Charlotte Swasey, of Cambridge, Massachusetts. Mrs. Powell was educated in the schools of Cambridge. She was one of the founders and an active member of the Oxford Music Club, and a member of the Current Events Club. The only child of Doctor and Mrs. Powell is Dorotea, who was born in Rome, Italy, in 1895. She was educated in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Oxford High SeSchoolnd is a graduate of the Western College for Women at Oxford. She is now the wife of Prof. Carl A. Murchison, professor of psychology in Clark University at Worcester, Massachusetts. The two children of Mr. and Mrs. Murchison are Powell and Margery Ellen. MICHAEL J. COLLIGAN JR., an ex-service man of the World war, is a licensed embalmer and is pro- HISTORY OF OHIO - 121 prietor of one of the modern and high class funeral homes of the City of Hamilton. He was born at Hamilton, July 14, 1892, son of Michacl and Catherine (Skalley) Colligan. His father until he retired was superintendent of the Niles Tool Works. The son Michael was educated in St. Mary 's Catholic School, the Hamilton School, where hc graduated in 1911, and during the following five years he worked as a pattern maker in the Niles Tool Works. Following that came employment in the water department of the City of Hamilton, until he became a soldier of the National Army. On October 5, 1917, he enlisted in the Three Hundred and Twenty-second Field Artillery, being given his early training at Chillicothe, Ohio. He was then assigned duty at Syracuse, New York, and was put with the Chemical Warfare Division in the Edge-wood, Maryland, plant, where the Government was manufacturing poison gases. He served with the rank of sergeant, and was mustered out in December, 1918. Mr. Colligan in 1920 graduated from the Cincinnati College of Embalming, and remained there six months as supervisor of Arts of Embalming. October 6, 1921, he was licensed after passing the examinations of the state board. From July, 1920, he was in the service of Albert P. Wagner, undertaker at Hamilton, until he established business of his own. He has beautiful parlors, completely equipped with motorized facilities. Mr. Colligan is a member of the Fraternal Order of Eagles, of which he is past worthy president, belongs to the Knights of Columbus, the Loyal Order of Moose, West Side Aid Society, the Walnut Aid Society, Crescent Aid Society, Monkey Mutual Aid Society, and is a member of the St. Mary 's Catholic Church. He belongs to Frank Derwin Post of the American Legion at Hamilton. GOUVERNEUR CAMPBELL MOREY, chief deputy in the office of the county treasurer of Butler County, is a lawyer by training, and has been a member of the Hamilton bar for nearly thirty years. He was born June 28, 1867, son of Hon. Henry Lee and Mary M. (Campbell) Morey. His father represented with distinction this district in Congress for many years. His mother was a daughter of William H. Campbell, an uncle of Hon. James E. Campbell, former governor of Ohio. Gouverneur Campbell Morey attended the Hamilton High School, Buchtel College at Akron, and graduated from the Cincinnati Law School in 1895. He immediately returned to Hamilton and engaged in law practice, which he has continued so far as his official duties have permitted. He served Butler County as deputy tax commissioner and liquor license commissioner prior to taking his present responsibilities as chief deputy in the office of county treasurer. Mr. Morey has been prominently identified with the republican party, and has aided in the movement to give this party something like equality with the other dominant political party in Butler County. He is a member of the Butler County Republican Club, and has served on the county executive committee. Mr. Morey married Mrs. Isabella E. Beckman, of Hamilton, in 1911. DAN HUGH WEBSTER, though enrolled in the list of active attorneys of the Butler County bar less than four years, has received recognition for his ability and the resourcefulness with which he attends to the interest of his clients. He has his offices in the Rentschler Building at Hamilton. He was born at Hamilton, September 11, 1898, son of Joseph H. and Amelia (Dingfelder) Webster. His father died April 27, 1922. Dan Hugh Webster was educated in the public schools of Hamilton, gradu ating from high school in 1916, and then continued his higher education in Ohio State University and in the Cincinnati Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1920. In October, 1918, when just past his twentieth birthday, he volunteered for service in the World war, and was acting sergeant in the Aviation Corps at Cincinnati, and was mustered out December 23, 1918. Mr. Webster is a democrat in politics, and was the candidate of his party for the Legislature in 1922, being defeated by 291 votes. He is a member of the Chi Phi college fraternity, and belongs to the American Legion and the Forty and Eight Society of ex-service men. LOUIS J. TABER. On the basis of practical achievement as an individual "dirt farmer" and even more through his splendid leadership in Ohio agriculture as master of the State Grange, as state director of agriculture and now as vice president of the Ohio-Pennsylvania Joint Stock Land Bank of Cleveland, Louis J. Taber is entitled to all the distinctions accorded him for his services in the advancement of the agricultural interests of Ohio. On November 15, 1923, he was elected master of the National Grange, being the youngest person ever chosen for that office. His parents were J. J. and Mary (Pickett) Taber, both representatives of families who were founders of the Society of Friends or Quakers in Ohio. Mount Pleasant in Jefferson County was altogether a Quaker town in the early years of its history. The yearly meeting of Friends was organized in 1811 and was held at Mount Pleasant annually until 1878, when the meeting place was changed to Barnesville in Belmont County. Louis J. Taber was born at Mount Pleasant, September 19, 1878, and was about six years of age when his parents moved to Barnesville. He grew up there, and he still has the home and owns and operates the farm on which his parents settled forty years ago. He was educated in public schools, and is a graduate of Olney College. Mr. Tabor still has his legal and voting residence on the farm near Barnesville. This farm is easily one of the best in Belmont County. A notable feature is his herd of registered Jersey cattle, and he is widely known for having developed the Gold Medal strain in Jerseys. Mr. Taber in 1900 joined the Patrons of Husbandry or the Grange, and for eight years served as subordinate lecturer, Pomona lecturer three years and county deputy six years. In 1907 he was elected lecturer of the State Grange, and in 1914 came to the important office of master of the State Grange. The work he did and the influence he exercised during the seven years he served as master of the Grange, until December, 1921, comprise a record of which he may well be proud. As a lecturer for the organization he has delivered probably three-thousand addresses, and has spoken in every county and in almost every township in the state. The good results of his activities are shown by the fact that the Grange in Ohio grew from a membership of 27,000, when he was first elected lecturer, to 108,000 when he retired as master. On July 1, 1921, Governor Davis appointed Mr. Tabor director of the Ohio State Department of Agriculture, and a few months later he resigned as master of the Grange. He held the office of state director until the end of the Davis administration, on January 1, 1923. While in that office he established a home for his family in Columbus, where they now reside and his business headquarters are now in Cleveland, where since the spring of 1923 he has been vice president of the Ohio-Pennsylvania Joint Stock Land Bank. This bank, located in the Federal 122 - HISTORY OF OHIO Reserve Bank Building at Cleveland, was opened for business January 2, 1923, its purpose being to finance farm owners in Ohio and Pennsylvania through first mortgages. The Joint Stock Land Banks are a part of the Federal Farm Loan Act machinery, and they constitute the most beneficent measure in agricultural legislation in recent years, since by the policy and administration of the Land Banks farm owners have the opportunity to borrow up to fifty per cent of the value of their farms on a first mortgage that runs for thirty-three years on the amortized. plan of repayment, so that for a maximum annual payment of seven per cent on the principal the loan is entirely cancelled at the end of thirty-three years. During the World war Mr. Taber served as a Member of Hoover 's Wheat Price Committee, as a member of the State Council of Defense, as president of the Ohio Home Protective League and is a member of the executive committee of the Ohio Farm Bureau Federation. It is probable that no one individual in Ohio has done more for the agricultural interest of the state than Mr. Taber. His study and influence have long been directed in behalf of rural credit legislation, and he was a member of the National Grange Legislative committees that helped secure the passage by Congress of the Farm Loan Act. Mr. Taber is associate editor of the Barnesville Enterprise, and is editor in chief of the National Grange Monthly. He is a member of the Society of Friends. He is also vice president of the Farmers & Traders Life Insurance Company of Syracuse, New York. On October 27, 1909, he married Miss Edna Bailey. They have two sons, Paul and Francis. ALLEN ANDREWS, SR., is head of the law firm Andrews, Andrews & Rogers, made up of himself, his two sons and his son-in-law. This is a firm that has been prominently identified with general law practice in Butler County, and the senior member is-one of the oldest active attorneys of the Hamilton bar. He was born in Delaware County, Indiana, August 11, 1849, and is of Scotch ancestry on his father 's side and German on his mother 's. He was one of five sons, and the three older ones served as Union soldiers in the Civil war. Allen Andrews was educated in the common schools of Indiana, in Liber College of that state, and in the National Normal University at Lebanon, Ohio. At the age of eighteen he began teaching, and taught in district schools, was a teacher in the high school at Greenville, Ohio, and was superintendent of schools at New Madison. While teaching he began the study of law, and in 1874 was admitted to the Ohio bar, so that he has now rounded out practically a half century of continuous work as an Ohio lawyer. He practiced for a time in Greenville, Ohio, and in March, 1876, moved to the City of Hamilton. For four years he was junior member of the firm McKemy & Andrews, and for twenty-two years was associated in practice with H. L. Morey in the firm of Morey, Andrews & Morey, until the death of his senior partner. The firm of Andrews, Harlan & Andrews was in existence until Walter S. Harlan was elected judge of the Common Pleas Court in 1912. Following that the law business was continued under the name Andrews & Andrews, comprising Mr. Allen Andrews, Sr., and his sons, John D. Andrews and Allen Andrews, Jr., and more recently Mr. John P. Rogers has been admitted to the partnership, making its title as given above. Allen Andrews, Sr., has tried many cases in the State and Federal courts, and his professional abilities have won him many honors. He served as president of the Ohio State Bar Association in 1911-1912. He is a member of the American Bar Association. He has satisfied his ambitions through success in the line of his profession rather than in politics. He has been a member of the Masonic order for half a century, served as grand master of the Ohio State Grand Lodge in 1893-1894, and has received the supreme honorary thirty-third degree of Scottish Rite Masonry. He is a member of the Elks and the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Hamilton. In 1879 he married Miss Belle Davis. Her father was J. P. Davis, of Hamilton, who died in February, 1917, at the age of ninety-one. In the maternal line she is a great-great-granddaughter of Thomas Blair, one of the first settlers of Hamilton. Mr. and Mrs. Allen Andrews, Sr., have five children: John D. and Allen, Jr., his law partners; Stanley, a physician at Toledo; Ruth, wife of H. Ellis Reed, a newspaper man in California; and Elizabeth, wife of J. P. Rogers, of the law firm Andrews, Andrews & Rogers. JOHN DAVIS ANDREWS, member of the law firm Andrews, Andrews & Rogers at Hamilton, is a son of the senior member, Allen Andrews, Sr. He was born January 27, 1881, at Hamilton, was educated in public schools there, attended the New York Military Academy at Cornwall, New York, and the Ohio State University. He finished his law course in Cincinnati University Law School, graduating in 1904 and being admitted to the bar in January, 1905. Since that date he has been associated with his father in practice. He served as assistant prosecuting attorney of Butler County from November, 1921, to May, 1922, and from May, 1922, to January, 1923, was prosecuting attorney. He is a member of the Butler County Bar Association, the Ohio State and American Bar associations, and his college fraternity was the Sigma Alpha Epsilon. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the Hamilton Club, the Butler County Country Club, Masonic Order and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He actively assisted and did committee work during all the drives in the World war, and was a member of the Local Draft Board. He married Miss Marie Long, daughter of J. M. W. and Elizabeth (Conover) Long. They have four children: John William, born in. 1913; Margaret, born in 1916; Robert Long, born in 1917; and Marabel, born in 1922. JOHN P. ROGERS, junior member of the Hamilton law firm of Andrews, Andrews & Rogers, is a native of Ohio, was in the aviation service during the World war, and is a young man of unusual qualifications for his profession. He was born at Mount Vernon, Ohio, February 10, 1895, son of W. J. and Anna T. (Henegan) Rogers. He was educated in the parochial schools of Mount Vernon, attended public schools in Licking County, and was a student in Aquinas College of Columbus. After the war he entered St. Xavier College of Law at Cincinnati, graduating Bachelor of Laws in 1922, and soon afterward was made a member of the law firm Andrews, Andrews & Rogers. He was a lieutenant in the air service, receiving his ground training at Ohio State University, in the School of Military Aeronautics, at Hazelhurst Field at Mineola, New York, at Rich Field at Waco, and Camp Dick at Dallas, Texas, and was flying instructor at Ellington Field at Houston, Texas. On May 11, 1918, Mr. Rogers married Miss Elizabeth Andrews, daughter of Allen and Belle (Davis) Andrews. She was educated in the public schools of Hamilton, in Notre Dame Academy at Reading, Ohio, and in Hollins College at Roanoke, Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Rogers have one daughter, Elizabeth, born February 18, 1920. Mr. Rogers is a member of the Butler County and Ohio State Bar associations, the Hamilton Chamber of Commerce, and the HISTORY OF OHIO - 123 Butler County Country Club. In politics he is a democrat, and in 1924 was a candidate for Congress from the Third District of Ohio. THOMAS MILLIKIN. In the last half of the nineteenth century Thomas Millikin, of Hamilton, ranked as one of the very ablest lawyers of the State of Ohio. He was born at Rossville, now in the City of Hamilton, September 28, 1819, and spent all his long life in Butler County. He died November 10, 1899, when past four score. In 1838, at the age of nineteen, he graduated from Miami University, and just six years later this university conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1840, a few months after reaching his majority, and continued in practice until within a fortnight before his death. He was always a close student of the law, and was regarded by many as the best jurist lawyer in the state. He was not merely an advocate, he argued moremorces in the Supreme Court of Ohio than any lawyer of his generation, and his printed briefs are a monument to his ability, learning and industry. His ambition was to be a good and successful lairlawyerd he steadily resisted the temptation that so easily besets young lawyers to engage in politics or accept office. Only for one year did he serve as prosecuting attorney of the county. He declined an appointment to a seat on the Supreme Bench. He won honor and success in his profession not by dubious ways or commercial means, but fairly and honestly, by close application, hard study, loyalty to clients and strict adherence to the well recognized rules of professional ethics. His name first appeared as counsel in the Supreme Court of Ohio in a case decided at the January term of 1846, and from that time until the close of his life he was never without one or more cases pending in that court. His widest experience, greatest success and most marked achievements were perhaps in corporation cases and will contests. His fame was so great and his success so' uniform in the contest of wills that he was often called from his own county elsewhere in such cases involving large estates.. In this way he became known throughout Ohio as the "great will breaker." When the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railway was constructed in 1852 he became its local council, and remained so until death. Thomas Millikin was small of stature, of erect figure and strong vitality, an iron constitution, regular features, open countenance, a good face, quick step, sprightly movements, a cheerful presence, genial manners and a good heart. He was a good observer of men, measures and the progress of events, was conversant with the early history and traditions of the state, and especially of the Miami Valley. He was companionable, reminiscent, communicative and entertaining. His life was temperate, chaste and pure. On November 4, 1841, at Columbus, he married Miss Mary Van Hook. Her father was distinguished in his day in the public affairs of the state. Mr. and Mrs. Millikin lived in the greatest domestic happiness for more than fifty-two years, until her death January 13, 1894. They were the parents of four sons and three daughters: Ira S., Robert B., Mrs. Sarah Gray Millikin Vanderveer, of Hamilton, Mrs. Julia Millikin Harrison, Mrs. Mary Millikin Smith, Murray G. Millikin and William B. Millikin. BRANDON R MILLIKIN is a grandson of the distinguished Ohio lawyer, Thomas Millikin, a brief sketch of whose honored career is given in the preceding sketch. He was born August 19, 1868, son of Robert B. and Carrie E. Millikin. His father for many years was a well known business man of Hamilton, a manufacturer of farm implements. He was also a Union soldier, joining the army in July, 1862, as a member of the Ninety-third Ohio Infantry. He was twice promoted for bravery, and on account of wounds received resigned his commission as first lieutenant November 22, 1864. Brandon R. Millikin was educated in public schools at Hamilton, graduated froth Amherst College at Amherst, Massachusetts, and received his law degree from Cincinnati Law School in 1891. He was associated with his grandfather, Thomas Millikin, during the last few years of the latter's life as a member of the law firm Millikin, Shotts & Millikin. After the death of the senior member the firm continued as Shotts & Millikin. Brandon R. Millikin is a member of the Ohio State and American Bar assoassociations. While at Amherst College he was a Beta Theta Pi. He is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Hamilton Chamber of Commerce, and is a director -in the Young Men's Christian AssoAssociation.y 9, 1895, Mr. Millikin married Miss Grace E. Jewett, of Wyoming, Ohio, daughter of Joseph E. and Cecilia C. Jewett, both now deceased. Her father for many years was president of the Cincinnati Carriage Goods Company. Mr. Millikin and family are members of the First Presbyterian Church of Hamilton. His children are : Margaret V., wife of Hamilton Wilson, of Wyoming, Ohio; Caroline E., wife of Walter W. Cordes, of Wyoming; Jewett, who is now office manager of the Liberty Machine Tool Company of Hamilton; and Helen, a member of the class of 1924 in the Hamilton High School. MAJOR A. H. HEISEY. One of America's foremost captains of industry lived in Newark, Ohio, in the person of the late Major A. H. Heisey, a man of unrivaled vision, great personal force, charm and magnetic personality. His career reflected honor upon that city and is cherished there accordingly. Major Heisey was the founder of the A. H. Heisey Company, manufacturers of the Diamond H. tableware and glass products of world wide distribution and use. Major Heisey was also a champion of the principle of protection for American industries and for some years was president of the American Protective Tariff League. Following his death on February 13, 1922, the board of this league adopted a memorial referring to his connection with the organization as a member since 1905, and as its president since 1918, declaring him ever a "foremost defender of the policy of protection, a frank American, a brave and loyal soldier of the Union, an unswerving supporter of republican principles, a pioneer in productive enterprises," and "that in his death, the cause of protection has lost one of its ablest adherents and the republican party one of its firmest friends." A. H. Heisey was born at Merrittstown, Pennsylvania, August 3, 1842, and was eighty years of age at his death. While a student at Merritstown Academy, he was a classmate of the late Senator Philander C. Knox of Pennsylvania and the eminent astronomer John Brashear. After leaving school, a brief experience in the printing business was followed by his entering the glass industry with the King Glass Company at Pittsburgh. He resigned his position to enlist as a private in the One Hundred Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania Zouaves and was in service throughout the Civil war, being advanced from private to second lieutenant, first lieutenant, captain and finally was breveted Major. He was also cited in orders for 'gallantry in action. At the battle of Gettysburg he commanded his regiment and was shot from his horse, but only slightly wounded. Altogether he participated in twenty-two engagements. At the time of his death 124 - HISTORY OF OHIO he was the last surviving commissioned officer who helped defend Little Round Top at Gettysburg. Later it was the One Hundred Fifty-fifth Zouaves that first received. General Lce 's emissaries at Appomattox. At the close of the war, he returned to the King Glass Company, subsequently becoming identified with the Ripley Glass Company at Pittsburgh, but in 1873 he and his brother-in-law, James E. Duncan, reorganized the George Duncan & Sons Glass Company of Pittsburgh. This was one of the prominent glass industries of Pittsburgh. He was one of the owners until 1889 when the business was sold to the United States Glass Company, after which he remained several years as general manager. Following a period of sojourn in the southwest, where he engaged in the mining business in Mexico and Arizona, Major Heisey in 1895 located at Newark. Here he founded the A. H. Hcisey & Company. In August, 1895, a sixteen pot furnace was put in operation. Before his death the industry was increased to a three furnace factory, with seven hundred employes. The Heisey plant manufactures no less than 2,0,000 different items of glassware. In early years its exclusive output was pressed ware, but for the last four or five years it has been manufacturing blown ware with needle and plate etching and light cutting. The Holophone glassware was at one timc made by the Heisey plant. The A. H. Heisey and Company originally and for years manufactured the celebrated Holophone lighting glassware and its reputation for quality was established under the manufacture of Major Heisey's company. This business in Newark was undoubtedly the greatest industrial achievement of the late Major Heisey. However, a share of his ability and energy was also devoted to the development of other industries. For the last thirty years of his life he was president of the Pittsburgh Clay Pot Company, was founder and director of the Newark Heat & Light Company, was a director of the Newark Consumers Gas Company, was financially intercsted in the American Tribune Publishing Company, was the founder and for forty years a director of the Manufacturers Bank of Pittsburgh, and at one time a director of the Franklin National Bank of Newark and president of the Newark Trust Company. At the time of his death he was vice president of the Ohio National Life Insurance Company of Cincinnati. For many years he had been a close student of national affairs, particularly of the tariff. Only a short time before his death, he had been reelected for a fifth term as president of the American Protective Tariff League. His individual attainments brought him associations and friendships among many of the nation's public men. He was a member of the National Republican Club of New York, of the Society of Glass Technology at London, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion at Cincinnati and Post No. 159 of the Grand Army of the Republic at Pittsburgh. His clubs included the Duquesne of Pittsburgh, the Columbus Country and the Columbus clubs of Columbus, Ohio, also the Mound Builders Club of Newark. His business position meant to him an opportunity for doing good. There was a constant exercise of his philanthropic efforts in behalf of individuals and welfare organizations. He was one of the founders of the South Side Hospital of Pittsburgh, was chairman of the committee that raised the funds for the Newark City Hospital and was one of the founders of the Newark Young Men's Christian Association. On May 15, 1870, he married Miss Susan N, Duncan, and they had celebrated their golden wedding anniversary before his death. The children of their marriage were: George Duncan Heisey; Mrs. R. L. Walker, deceased; E. Wilson Heisey; Mrs. O. K. Dockery, Jr.; Mrs. Fred H. King, and T. Clarence Heisey. E. WILSON HEISEY. The president of the A. H. Heisey Company of Newark is E. Wilson Heisey, who had many years of active association with his father 's business, qualifying him for the responsibilities he now enjoys. He was born at Pittsburgh October 5, 1875, and was liberally educated in the Park Institute at Allegheny, Pennsylvania, and in Washington and Jefferson University. During his college career he was one of the leading athletes of his time. Soon after completing his college career, he located at Newark and entered his father 's plant which had been founded only a short time before. He has been closely identified with its upbuilding and progress for nearly thirty years. He is also a director of the Franklin National Bank of Newark. E. Wilson Heisey married Miss Hazel Reese, of Lancaster, Ohio. They have two children: George Duncan, born in 1907, and Augustus H., born in 1914. Mr. Heisey is a member of the Duquesne Club of Pittsburgh, the Mound Builders Country Club of Newark, and the Lake Arthur Hunting Club of Louisiana. He is a member of the Beta Theta Phi fraternity. He is a republican, and from 1902 to 1905 was a captain of the Fourth Infantry, Ohio National Guard. T. CLARENCE HEISEY, vice president and sales manager of the A. H. Heisey Company, glassware manufacturers at Newark is a son of the founder of the business, the late Major A. H. Heisey. He was born at Idlewood, Pennsylvania, November 4, 1882, and prepared for college at Mount Pleasant Academy at Ossining, New York. He graduated from Amherst College where he was a member of the Psi Upsilon fraternity. After leaving college he became associated with the business his father had established at Newark. He and his brother, E. Wilson are now the executive heads of that industry. Clarence Heisey is also a director of the Ohio National Life Insurance Company of Cincinnati, and a director of the American Protective League. From 1903 to 1908 he was battalion adjutant and first lieutenant in the Fourth Infantry of the Ohio National Guard, and in 1923 and 1924 he served as president of the Mound Builders Country Club of Newark. In politics he is a republican. He married Miss Anna Davis, daughter of W. H. and Mary A. Davis at Newark. The two children of their marriage are T. Clarence, Jr. and Mary Ann. CHRISTIAN PABST. In the death of Christian Pabst on October 11, 1922, the community of Hamilton lost one of its oldest and most highly respected business men and citizens. Mr. Pabst for many years held public office, and was not only well known in Butler County, but in the state at large. He was born December 6, 1852, in Bavaria, Germany. In 1866 the family came to the United States, settling at Hamilton. Christian Pabst had received his early education in Germany, and soon after coming to Hamilton began an apprenticeship at the trade of printer. In subsequent years he was rated as the most expert job printer in Hamilton. He was not only thoroughly skilled in his trade, but was a man of most engaging personality and as a youth won a large circle of friends. He gave up the printing business in 1879 to join his father and brothers in the manufacture and bottling of mineral waters and soft drinks. This was the J. Pabst & Sons, and it is a business still carried on as the Pabst Bottling Company, one of the largest concerns of its kind in Southern Ohio. Since the death of Mr. Christian Pabst the business has been continued with his son Warren J. as the active head. Mr. Pabst as a youth became actively identified with the democratic party in Butler County. March, 1892, he was nominated for clerk of the Butler County