300 - HISTORY OF OHIO Mr. Stang was born in Huron County, Ohio, in 1860, and. is a son of Peter A. and Magdalena (Herman) Stang, the former born in Wurttemberg, Germany, and the latter in Alsace Lorraine. They were but children when brought to the United States, their parents settling first in New York State, at Buffalo, and later removing to Huron County, where Mr. and. Mrs. Stang were married. Mr. Stang was a blacksmith by trade, and spent many years thereat, but later turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, in which he was engaged at the time of his death in Huron County, where Mrs. Stang also passed away. John E. Stang attended the district school and a Catholic parochial school in Huron County, later pursuing a course at St. Mary's Institute, Dayton, Ohio. He was twenty years of age when, in 1880, he took up his residence at Sandusky, and for two weeks was employed by a lumber, concern. He then became a horseman, and followed that vocation two years, after which he accepted a position as driver of a beer wagon. During the next four years he discharged the duties of his position faithfully, and won the confidence and admiration of his employers, who finally gave him his opportunity by making him traveling agent for the brewery. He was thus employed for fifteen years, and at the end of that time was made president and manager of the Stang Brewing and Malting Company,. which later was changed to the Kuebler-Stang Brewing and Malting Company, a concern which enjoyed great success and the name of which was later changed to the Cleveland and Sandusky Brewing Company. This attained to large proportions under the clever and energetic management of Mr. Stang, and did a tremendous business at Cleveland and Sandusky, as well as at all intermediate points, but the coming of national prohibition legally put an end to the liquor business and in 1922f Mr. Stang severed his connections with the concern and practically retired from active business affairs. In the meantime, with excellent judgment and f ore-sight, he had invested his means in real estate throughout the states of Ohio and Michigan, particularly at Sandusky, where he is the owner of many business blocks and private residences. A democrat in his political allegiance, Mr. Stang has been prominent in party and public matters. For ten years he was a member of the City Council of Sandusky, and for four years of that time its president, and on one occasion was the candidate of his party for the office of state senator, but was defeated by a close margin. He holds membership in the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Fraternal Order of Eagles, as well as in other civic and social bodies. In 1882 Mr. Stang was united in marriage with Miss Mary Westerhold, who was born at Sandusky, daughter of Paul Westerhold, who was born in Germany. She died in 1913, the mother of the following children: Charles, Florence and Roland, residents of Sandusky; Arnold J., who lives with his father ; Clara, who died at the age of eight years, and Albert, who died at the age of twelve years. In 1916 Mr. Stang married Miss Lena M. Heintz, who was born at Sandusky, daughter of Gottlieb and Barbara Heintz, natives of Germany. WILLIAM TARVIN FENKER, M. D., one of the able and popular physicians and. surgeons of Erie County, is here established in successful practice at the county seat, the City of Sandusky, and as a surgeon he was in active service overseas during the greater part of the period in which the United States was involved in the World war. Doctor Fenker was born at Covington, Kentucky, December 3, 1889, and is a son of Albert A. and Mary G. (Hildebrant) Fenker, the former of whom likewise was born at Covington, and the, latter was born in the City of Cincinnati, Ohio, on the opposite side from Covington on the Ohio River. The father is now a traveling commercial salesman, and maintains his. home in the City of Columbus, Ohio, where he and his wife have resided for a term of years. In 1910 Doctor Fenker was graduated from the high school in Columbus, and in the same city he was graduated from Starling, Ohio, Medical College, now the medical department of the State University, as a member of the class of 1914: After receiving his de. gree of Doctor of Medicine he served one year as an interne in St. Francis Hospital at Columbus, and he then established his residence at Sandusky, where he held for two years the position of physician and surgeon at the Soldiers and Sailors Home. In April, 1917, the month in which the nation entered the World war, Doctor Fenker enlisted for service in the Medical Corps of the United States Army, in which he received commission as first lieutenant. He was stationed twelve days at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indianapolis, Indiana, and thereafter was on duty in the City of Washington, D. C., for a time. After his arrival in London he was transferred to duty with the British Army, with which he was in active service in Belgium and Northern France. While at the front he was severely gassed on the 21st of March, 1918, the result being that, he was confined about eight weeks in a hospital in London. He then initiated further service through assignment to British hospitals, and he also found opportunity to take a post-graduate course in medicine and surgery while at Leeds, England. An attack of appendicitis necessitated an operation for the same, and in this connection he was confined in a hospital near London for a period. of six weeks. He then resumed his active hospital service, and remained in England until February, 1919, when he sailed for home. In the following month he received his honorable discharge at Camp Dix, New Jersey, and he then returned to Sandusky, where he has since been engaged in the successful general practice of his profession, with offices at 408 West Monroe Street. Doctor Fenker maintains an independent attitude in connection with political affairs. He has membership in the Erie County Medical. Society, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. In the Masonic fraternity he has received the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite, and he maintains also an active and appreciative affiliation with the American Legion. He and his wife are members of the Congregational Church. May 5, 1917, recorded the marriage of Doctor Fenker and Miss Mary Lillie Cheetham, who was born at New Straitsville, Perry County, Ohio, and the one child of this union is a son, William J., who was born December 12, 1922. HARLEY F. HAMBEL, postmaster of Glouster, Athens County, is a World war veteran, and one of the prominent young leaders in affairs in his section of the state. He was born on a farm in Morgan County, six miles northeast of Glouster, February 24, 1895. His parents, Charles E. and Mary (Campbell) Hambel, are natives of Morgan County, and still live at the old home place. Charles E. Hambel, who is fifty-two years old, was a boy when his father died, and has devoted his years to farming. He has been township trustee, is a republican, is now superintendent of the Sunday School of the Methodist Protestant Church, and in every relation has proved his good citizenship. Of three children one died in infancy and the only daughter is Dottie, at home with her parents. Harley F. Hambel was educated in public schools, and for one year taught a school near the old home. After passing the civil service examination he was HISTORY OF OHIO - 301 appointed a rural mail carrier out of Glouster, and continued that work until July, 1917, when he answered the call to the colors. He was trained at Camp Johnston, Florida, and went overseas as a sergeant in the Quartermaster 's Corps. He landed at Liverpool, and in France was stationed at Montierchaum two months, and the rest of the time .was' on duty at Brest, the great camp where most of the troops embarked for home. He received his honorable discharge June 4, 1919, and soon afterward became a clerk in the Glouster Postoffice, was promoted to assistant' postmaster, and now has official charge of the office. In 1918 he married Miss Garnette Hemry, daughter of Charles Hemry, whose home is near Glouster. They have one son, Raymond. Mr. Hambel is an elder in the Church of Christ and treasurer of its Sunday School. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Loyal Order of Moose and is a member of Frank McCann Post of the American Legion. JAMES TERTIUS NORTON M. D. Medical director of the Mason Tire & Rubber Company at Kent, Doctor Norton has had an unusual experience as a physician and surgeon. For several years he practiced in his native city of Cleveland, and then entered the 'army medical service and spent nearly three years in this country and overseas. Doctor Norton was born at Cleveland, December 9, 1883, son of Lynn Frank and Margaret (Moore) Norton. His father was a native of Massachussetts and his mother of North Carolina. They were married in Ohio, and his father for many years was a traveling representative for a wholesale paper house. He died in 1910, and the widowed mother now lives with her son, Doctor Norton, in Kent. James Tertius Norton attended the public and high schools of Cleveland, and took both his academic and medical courses in Western Reserve University. He 'was graduated with his Bachelor's degree in 1907, and in 1910 received his medical diploma. His abilities soon brought him a living practice in Cleveland, and he remained there until 1916. In that year he was commissioned as first lieutenant in the Medical Corps, and was on duty with the National Guard Forces in the National Army in this country until. June, 1918. He went. overseas as a medical officer with the Thirty-seventh Division, spending a few days in England and then going to France. From February, 1918, until February, 1919, he served with the rank ,of captain and was then promoted to major. From January to May, 1919, he was with the Ninetieth Division, and following that was on duty at the chief surgeon's office until August, 1919. Doctor Norton received an honorable discharge from the service in September, 1919, at Camp Sherman, Ohio. Soon after his release from active army duty he located at Kent, and has since had a busy program as medical director of the. Mason Tire & Rubber Company. He also has a general practice as a physician and surgeon. Doctor Norton is a member of the Portage County, Ohio State. and American Medical associations. On October 16, 1920, he married Miss Mary A. George, daughter of Benjamin George. She was born at Athens, Ohio. Doctor and Mrs. Norton are members of the Episcopal Church. He is an independent in polities, and fraternally is' a Royal Arch Mason and a Delta Upsilon and Phi Rho Sigma. He belongs to the University Club of Cleveland, the Cleveland Automobile Club, the Twin Lakes Golf Club, the Rotary Club, and is a member of the American Legion and. Veterans of Foreign Wars. WILLIAM A. SHOWERS is a member of the contracting firm of William A. Showers & Company, at Crooksville in Perry County. Mr. Showers started his business career as an apprentice carpenter, and solely upon his own skill and industry has developed a business that is exemplified in structures all over this section of Ohio and also in other states. William A. Showers was born at Duncan Run in Muskingum County, Ohio, in December, 1873. He acquired his early education at Deavertown in Morgan County, -and as a boy during vacations worked with his grandfather, George Showers, a well known carpenter and builder of that day. At the age of sixteen, going to. Columbus, William A. Showers, though then possessing a fair working knowledge of carpentry; was too young to receive a Union card, and accordingly continued an apprenticeship of three years. Following that he was again employed by his grandfather, and gradually took small contracts of his own and then larger ones. He started without capital, but was so efficient and prompt in discharging all his obligations and his promises that his personal integrity was more important than financial capital. In former years Mr. Showers constructed a number of coal tipples. He also took contracts for digging shafts. In former years his work called him to other parts of the country, including the states of Mississippi and Texas. In Texas he did a great deal of building construction for the late John W. Gates at Port Arthur, and there he worked on the hospital and other building-s. Mr. Showers has been a contractor at Crooksville for a quarter of a century. In that time he has erected four schoolhouses here, also has done extension work on the local potteries, put up schoolhouses at Raymond and Middleburg, two in Newark, one at McCluney, one at Wigdon, one at Burley Run, at Lancaster, Murray City and a high school at New Lexington. He built a bank at Utica, a hotel in Newark, a bank in Stoutsville, 'the Catholic Church, school and parsonage at Corning, the Pine Grove Catholic Church, and the Crooksville Catholic Church. His business associates in the firm of W. A. Showers & Company are H. E. Pettitt and Spencer Thorpe. Mr. Showers married Miss Mary Sowers, daughter of J. C. Sowers, of Crooksville. They have two sons, Harold and George. Harold being a student in Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, while George is attending the Crooksville High School. Mrs. Showers is a Methodist. He is a republican, and has been active and influential in improving civic conditions in Crooksville. ROBERT GRACEY DENIG. A record of long and distinguished service' in the United States Navy was that of the 'late Commodore Robert Gracey Denig, and in his character and achievement he signally honored Ohio, the state of his birth. He lived to be of active service to the government in the period of the World war, though he had in the meanwhile retired from active duty in the navy, and he passed the closing period of his life in the City of Sandusky, where his death occurred on the 9th of April, 1924, and where his widow still maintains her home. Commodore Denig was born in the City of Columbus, Ohio, May 22, 1851, and was a son of Robert MeClintock Denig and Jane (Harry) Denig. In 1869 he was graduated from the high school of his native city, and in 1873 he was graduated from the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland. In his long years of active service in the navy his career was marked by consecutive advancement, which culminated in his being made a commodore. His naval career covered a period of thirty-five years, and he voluntarily retired June 30, 1908. Briefly may be outlined the record of Commodore Denig as 302 - HISTORY OF OHIO one of the distinguished and honored officers of the United States Navy. During the Panama revolution he was there in service on the following named United States war vessels : Saranac, Tuscarora and Benicia. He was with his ship at Honolulu at the time when Kalakaua was there elected king. He was aboard the ship Huron when this vessel was wrecked on the coast of North Carolina, November 24, 1877, and was one of the twenty-nine survivors of this disaster. He served on the flagship Trenton at the time when this vessel was assigned a European station, and was on the flagship Brooklyn on the Asiatic Station. Later he was on the flagship Baltimore in a cruise around the world; on the Atlantic coast of the United States he was attached to the flagship Philadelphia. He inspected the building of the gunboat Machias at Bath, Maine, and conducted her trial trips. In Manchuria at the time of the war between China and Japan he was on the U. S. S. Petral. In the Spanish-American war Commodore Denig was on the Niagara and Topeka, and participated in the bombardment of San Juan and the battle of Nipe Bay. On the flagship Chicago, as fleet engineer, and on Admiral Schley 's staff, on the U. S. S. Chicago, he made the voyages around Africa and South America. Thereafter he was for some time on shore duty at Mare Island, Portsmouth, Newport, where he was assigned to the United States Naval Training Station. He was next assigned to inspection duty in the State of Pennsylvania, and thereafter became head of the department of steam engineering at the Philadelphia Navy Yard. His splendid activities included also his assignment to special duty in instruction in applied mathematics in Hamilton College, at Clinton, New York. In 1914, in company with his wife, Commodore Denig made the voyage to the Philippine Islands, and after his return he lived retired at the beautiful home in Sandusky until the nation became involved in the World war, when he volunteered for active service and was ordered an inspector of engineering material at Cincinnati and Cleveland, with headquarters at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and with jurisdiction in the States of Pennsylvania, New York and Ohio. In this service, in which he was a recognized authority, he continued until the armistice brought the war to a close, and he thereafter remained in well earned retirement until the time of his death, secure in the high regard of all who knew him and distinguished for his eminent service in the United States Navy. Commodore Denig gave unswerving allegiance to the republican party, and his religious faith was that of the Protestant Episcopal Church, of which his widow likewise is a devoted communicant. He was a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers. of the Army and Navy Club of Washington, D. C.; of the Army and Navy Club of New York; of the University and Philobiblon clubs in the City of Philadelphia ; and of the Columbus Club in his native city, the capital of Ohio. He was affiliated with the Phi Beta Kappa college fraternity, and was awarded the honor of the key by Hamilton College, and among the medals conferred upon him were those of the battle of Nipe Bay, in the Spanish-American war, and the United States campaign medal. He was a charter member of Sandusky Post of the American Legion, and was the oldest member of this national organization at the time of his death. He served as special correspondent for the New York Sun for many years, until that privilege was denied the navy by the United States Government. On the 11th of April, 1878, was solemnized the marriage of Commodore Denig and Miss Jeannie Livingston Hubbard, of Sandusky, and concerning her ancestral history record will be given in appending paragraphs of his memoir. Of the children of Commodore and Mrs. Denig the firstborn is Grazia, who is the wife of Lieut. Com. Harry Shaw, of the United States Navy, in which he was in active service in the World war. Dorothy, the second child, died at the age of two years. Maj. Robert L. is the subject of the sketch following. Mrs. Jeannie Livingston (Hubbard) Denig, widow of the honored subject of this memoir, occupies in Sandusky, at 134 East Adams Street, the fine old stone mansion that was erected by her father in 1850, and she has ever looked upon this city as her home. She is a daughter of the late Lester Samuel and Jane Paterson (Livingston) Hubbard, the latter having been a daughter of Dr. Charles Paterson Livingston, who was born at Poughkeepsie, New York, and who became a pioneer physician and surgeon in Ohio. Lester S. Hubbard came to Sandusky in 1834, and he long continued one of the most honored and influential citizens of this fair Ohio city. He was born at Bloomfield, Connecticut, December 16, 1807, the Hubbard family having been founded in that state in the Colonial period of our national history. Mr. Hubbard was a young man when he came to Ohio, in 1834, and after establishing his residence in Sandusky he here formed a partnership with Timothy Lester and engaged in the commission business under the firm name of Hubbard & Lester. Subsequently he became prominently concerned in the forwarding and commission business here, and in 1855 he became associated with William Durbin and Freeland Barney in establishing the private banking house of Barney. Hubbard & Durbin. After the death of Mr. Durbin the title of the firm became Hubbard & Company, and in 1864 the institution was reorganized and incorporated as the Second National Bank of Sandusky. Of this old and substantial institution Mr. Hubbard continued the president until his death, in 1875. He was one of the most liberal and progressive citizens and business men of Sandusky, and did much to advance the civic and material prosperity of the city. He was called upon for advice in connection with public and business affairs, for his mature judgment was reinforced by inflexible integrity in all of the relations of life, and he won and retained the unqualified confidence and esteem of all with whom he came in contact. Generous, tolerant and kindly, he was ever ready to aid those in need or distress, and his beautiful home, with his wife as its gracious and popular chatelaine, was a center of genuine and cultured social hospitality. His marriage to Miss Jane Paterson Livingston was solemnized June 25, 1850, and of their ten children Mrs. Denig is now the sole survivor. The son Charles Livingston Hubbard was born April 28, 1851, and became a representative member of the bar of Erie County, he having engaged in the practice of law at Sandusky at the time of his death. He married Jennie Matilda West, daughter of William T. West. The next younger son was Lester Samuel, Jr., who attended Yale University and also the law school of Columbia University. He was born at Sandusky, September 22, 1854, and was graduated from the Columbia Law School as a member of the class of 1876. He engaged in the practice of his profession in Denver, Colorado, but in 1878 returned to Ohio and became associated in practice with Judge Burke, of Cleveland. He finally returned to Denver, and later engaged in practice at New Whatcom, Washington Territory, now Bellingham in the present State of Washington, where he remained until his death. About the fine old homestead which is the residence of Mrs. Denig there cluster 'for her many gracious memories and associations, and she has long been a representative figure in the social and cultural activities of her home city. ROBERT LIVINGSTON DENIG. In his gallant service as an officer in the United States Marine Corps, Major HISTORY OF OHIO - 303 Denig has conferred new honors on the family name, his father, Commodore Robert G. Denig, having long served with distinction as a member and officer of the United States Navy, as may be seen by reference to the memorial tribute which appears on other pages of this publication. In the sketch of the career of Commodore Denig are given adequate data also concerning the family history, so that a further review is not demanded in the present article. Maj. Robert Livingston Denig was born at Clinton, New York, September 29, 1884, and is the only son of Commodore Robert G. and Jeannie Livingston (Hubbard) Denig. The Denig family was founded in Ohio in the pioneer days, when Robert McClintock Denig and Jane (Harry) Denig, grandparents of the subject of this review, came from Pennsylvania to Ohio. The grandfather was born at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, and was a young man when, in 1820, he made the journey on horseback from that state to Ohio, for the purpose of attending Kenyon College at Gambier, Ohio. After his high-school course Maj. Robert L. Denig attended St. John's Military Academy at Manlius, New York, and later was a student in the University of Pennsylvania. President Roosevelt appointed him to membership in the United States Marine Corps on the 29th of November, 1905, and in 1906-7 he was in service with the Army of Pacification in Cuba. In 1906-7 he made the voyage around the world with the United States Navy fleet on the battleship Missouri, and thereafter he was stationed at various points in the United States and the Philippine Islands until his native land became involved in the great World war. Barely an hour after President Wilson had signed the declaration of war against Germany a detachment of marines from the Philadelphia Navy Yard, under command of Maj. Robert L. Denig, boarded and seized the interned German vessels in the harbor of Philadelphia, and on the 17th of August, 1917, in command of the Seventeenth Company, Base Battalion, Fifth Regiment of the Marine Corps, Major Denig landed in France. He was stationed in turn at St. Nazaire and Bordeaux, and was appointed an instructor at the first-course school at Gondrecourt, where he was in such service in November and December. In the following February and March he was instructor in the school of the line at Langres, and in April, May and June he had command of the First Battalion of the Thirtieth Infantry, Third Division, in the training area. On the Marne he was second in command of the Second Battalion, Sixth Regiment of Marines, in the second battle of the Marne, or Soissons. He thereafter had command of the Third Battalion Second Division, from August until October, in the Marbach sector, and participated in the battle of Blanc Mont, as well as engagements of the St. Mihiel sector. September 12, 1918, Mapor Denig received a minor wound in his right hand, and on the third of the following month, at Blanc Mont, he was wounded in both the lower and upper portions of his left arm by gun shot. This injury necessitated his confinement in a Red Cross hospital in the City of Paris, and November 29, 1918, a few weeks after the signing of the now historic armistice, he sailed for home. He was discharged from the hospital in January, 1919, and he has since continued in service, at various stations in the United States, with the Second Brigade of Marines, with which command also he was called into service in connection with revolutionary activities at Santo Domingo. By the United States Government Major Denig has been decorated with the Distinguished Service Cross and the Navy Cross, and by France he was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honor, with decoration of the Croix de Guerre with bronze star, and with the Victory medal with palm and five bars and the fourragere. Major Denig, like his honored father, is a staunch advocate and supporter of the principles of the republican party, and he and his wife are communicants of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in the faith of which he was reared. On the 13th of November, 1907, was solemnized the marriage of Major Denig and Miss Maude Broumel King, who was born in the City of Baltimore, Maryland, a daughter of Lieut.-Com. Charles A. E. King, United States Navy, and Minnie (Broumel) King. Major and Mrs. Denig have three fine sons, Robert Livingston, Jr., Charles Ely and James Livingston. The Major and his family find occasional opportunity to visit the home of his loved and devoted mother in the City of Sandusky, Ohio, and here, as elsewhere, his circle of friends is coincident with that of his acquaintances. DAVID M. RODGERS. One of the very successful business men of Corning, who has used his business influence and enterprise to promote every substantial and essential interests of the community, David M. Rodgers is now one of the town's oldest merchants, having been continuously identified with the hardware business there since 1889, a period of thirty-five years. Mr. Rodgers was born at Corning, December 28, 1867, son of Nelson and Miriam (Sanders) Rodgers. The Sanders were a Maryland family. Miriam Sanders Rodgers died in 1895, at the age of sixty-two. Nelson Rodgers was brought to Ohio in 1828, when an infant. His father, Joseph Rodgers, lived in Pennsylvania for some years, and when he left that state was possessed of a comfortable fortune for those days. Going to Wheeling, West Virginia, he invested in land but due to a defective title lost all he had. Therefore, when he came to Ohio in 1828, and settled in Perry County he was a poor man. He located at Rehobeth and later moved to Monroe Township. He was well educated, bnt his son Nelson Rodgers, growing up in a new country, had practically no schooling though he developed strong qualities of mind by experience and was especially known for his good business judgment. His farm comprised the north part of the town of Corning, while the south part of the town was owned by Joseph Rodgers. Corning was started as a town in 1879, and has developed into one of the most important commercial centers of Perry County. In his younger years Nelson Rodgers was a stock dealer and drover. It was his practice to buy live stock in this section of Ohio and drive the stock over the mountains to Eastern markets, chiefly Baltimore. One of his ventures proved almost disastrous. He paid the prevailing market rates for a large bunch of cattle, but by the time he got them to Baltimore the market had gone to pieces and he lost $2,800 on the deal, practically all he had. However, his neighbors had complete faith in his integrity, and he started again on credit. In later years he accumulated a fortune, partly by selling the land for townsite purposes and selling coal lands for a large sum. He and his older sons were in the meat market business at Corning for a number of years. Nelson Rodgers, who died in 1912, was an active member of the Church of the Disciples and a republican in politics. He and his wife had a family of six children. Kalita Austin, the oldest son, was as a young man associated with his father in the meat business at Corning. Later they bought a' ranch at Garden Plaines, Kansas, but after a few seasons of hot winds were forced to sell and Austin then moved to Georgia, later to New Mexico, and finally returned to Ohio, where he died at the age of sixty-two. The second son, B. F. Rodgers, is now president of the Citizens National Bank of New Lexington, Ohio. Abasha Lincoln, the third son, is a traveling salesman. David M. is the next in age. The daughters, Miss Epsie lives at Corning, and Ida May married C. H. Bell, 304 - HISTORY OF OHIO formerly of Corning, and now a resident of Pennsylvania. David M. Rodgers acquired his early education in Corning, and for two years attended the Ohio Northern University at Ada, taking the scientific course. When he returned home he went to work in his father 's meat market, and in 1889, in partnership with his father, he engaged in the hardware business under the firm name of N. Rodgers & Son. In 1890 he and his brother-in-law, Charles H. Bell, took over the business and the firm of Rodgers & Bell continued until 1902. Since then David M. Rodgers has been in business under his own name. To the hardware stock furniture and lumber were subsequently added, and the business has been steadily prosperous through all the years. The nucleus of the present store building was formerly a skating rink, built when roller skating was the craze. However, it has been greatly enlarged for the present commercial purposes. A number of years ago Mr. Rodgers as a public spirited man of the times established the Rodgers Bulletin, a monthly publication in the interest of the town, and in publishing it he became a fairly good printer. He kept his printing office in his store until increasing business made it necessary to discontinue the publication. In 1893 Mr. Rodgers married Miss Nettie Berkimer, daughter of George Berkimer, who was a railroad man. Mrs. Rodgers died in 1912, the mother of two children, Harold and Mrs. Kathleen Mosier, of Corning. Harold is an ex-service man, going to France with the Motor Truck Corps, and helped transport ammunition and other supplies to the front. He accompanied the army into Germany, and received his honorable discharge in July, 1919. The present wife of Mr. Rodgers was Miss Jane Hardy, a daughter of Thomas Hardy, who cone from England. Mrs. Rodgers is a member of the United Brethren Church. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias. LYLE STEEN HILL, M. D., is a physician and surgeon of proved ability, but in the work of his profession he has realized the value and consistency of concentration, with the result that he now confines his attention exclusively to radiography or X-ray service, in which he has gained authoritative status. He is successfully established in this important branch of professional service in the City of Sandusky, judicial center of his native county. The old homestead farm on which Doctor Hill was born, near Berlin Heights, Erie County, is a part of the landed estate here acquired by his paternal great-grandfather in the early pioneer days when this section of the Buckeye State was little more than a frontier wilderness. The Doctor was born March 19, 1881, and is a son of George Fitch Hill and Mary (Steen) Hill, both likewise natives of Erie County. George F. Hill was a son of Benjamin and Johanna (Greer) Hill, who passed their entire lives in Ohio. Benjamin Hill was a son of Noah and Sukie (Butler) Hill, who came. from Connecticut in the early part of the nineteenth century and became pioneer settlers in Erie County. Dangers and other adverse conditions here obtaining at the time of the War of 1812 caused Noah Hill to return with his family to Connecticut, but eventually he came again to his frontier farm in Erie County, where he reclaimed his land from the virgin forest and where he continued one of the substantial citizens and representative farmers of his day until the time of his death. It was on a part of this ancestral estate that the father of Doctor Hill continued for many years his successful activities as an agriculturist and stock-grower, and he was one of the venerable and honored native sons of Erie County at the time of his death, in September, 1922. His widow still maintains her home at Berlin Heights, and is loved by all who have come within the compass of her gracious influence. She is a daughter of the late Charles and Lorinda (Stephens) Steen, who were residents of Erie County for many years prior to their death, the lineage of the Steen family tracing back to staunch Scotch-Irish stock in the North of Ireland. After completing his high-school course Dr. Lyle S. Hill entered the University of Michigan, in which he was graduated in 1908, with the degree of Electrical Engineer. In 1914 he was graduated from Detroit College of Medicine and Surgery, in the Michigan metropolis, and after thus receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine he continued to be engaged in X-Ray work in the City of Cleveland until June, 1920, when he opened his offices and laboratory at Sandusky. Here he confines his attention to X-Ray work, and is able to give most valuable cooperation to his professional confreres, for he has not only distinct ability as a physician and surgeon but also a broad and accurate knowledge of applied electricity, especially in its application in connection with medical and surgical work. The Doctor is an active member of the Radiological Society of North America, the American Medical Association, the Ohio State Medical Society and the Erie County Medical Society. In politics Doctor Hill has alignment in the ranks of the republican party. His wife holds membership in the Congregational Church. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and the Knights of Pythias, and in his home city, he is a member of the Rotary Club, the Sunyendeand Club and the Izaak Walton League. July 29, 1912, marked the marriage of Doctor Hill and Miss Helen Wilson, who was born in Lenawee County, Michigan, a daughter of Andrew and Harriet (Kimball) Wilson. Doctor and Mrs. Hill have three children: Merritt Raymond, James Douglas and Harriet Mary. GEORGE FRANCIS FREITAS is a citizen who commands high place in popular confidence and esteem, as is indicated by his being a member and chairman of the Municipal Board of Commissioners of the City of Sandusky, and thus ex-officio mayor of the city, and also by his incumbency of the office of grand president of the Licensed Tugmen's Protective Association of the Great Lakes, a position which he has held, through successive re-elections, since the year 1914. He has played a large part in connection with navigation interests on the Great Lakes, and along this line has had many trying and hazardous experiences. Mr. Freitas was born in the City of Buffalo, New York, February 14, 1870, and is a son of John and Mary (Lattimer) Freitas, the former of whom was a native of Portugal, and the latter born in Buffalo, New York, where she still maintains her home and where her husband's death occurred, he having there been engaged in the sand business for a long period of years. The public schools of his native city afforded Mr. Freitas his youthful education, and there also he early gained experience of practical order, as he was but twelve years of age when he initiated his service as a driver of a team of horses used in connection with his father 's business. After four years of work along this line he became a tug-boat fireman in the Buffalo harbor, and there he won advancement to the status of engineer and pilot. In 1904 he came to Sandusky and assumed the position of master of a tugboat in commission in connection with the towing of stone scows from Sandusky Bay to south shore ports on Lake Erie. He continued his efficient service in this connection until the autumn of 1913, and in January, 1914, was HISTORY OF OHIO - 305 elected grand president of the Tugmen's Protective Association of the Great Lakes. Each successive year since that time he has been re-elected, and at the meeting of the association held at Toledo in January, 1924, he had the distinction of receiving an unanimous re-election, this being a testimonial to the high estimate placed upon his adminstration. His official duties have engrossed a goodly part of his time and attention during his entire period of service as executive head of this important organization. Mr. Freitas has been a member of the Board of Commissioners of the City of Sandusky since January 1, 1919, and in his re-election he received the largest vote ever cast for any one candidate for municipal office in this city. As the progressive and loyal chairman of the board he is called upon to give virtual service also as mayor of his home city, and he has been the zealous champion of all measures and undertakings that have been brought forward for the civic and material good of the city. In politics he supports men and measures meeting the approval of his judgment, rather than being constrained by strict partisan lines. He is a zealous communicant of Saints Peter and Paul Catholic Church at Sandusky, as was also his wife, whose death occurred February 26, 1924, and he is affiliated with the Knights of Columbus, the Loyal Order of Moose and the Fraternal Order of Eagles. On the 17th of March, 1889, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Freitas and Miss Emma Knight, who likewise was born and reared in Buffalo, New York, and who was a daughter of John and Bridget (Brennen) Knight, the former of whom was born in England and the latter in Ireland. Mrs. Freitas is survived by six children: John, who resides in Sandusky ; Margaret, who is the wife of Alfred Presler, of Fremont, this state; Mary, who is the wife of Clarence Hess, of Sandusky ; Alice who is the wife of Edward Myers, of Sandusky ; and Edward and Ann, who remain at the paternal home. An experience of Mr. Freitas in connection with navigation matters is worthy of special mention in this review. In April, 1907, during one of the worst of gales on Lake Erie, a stone scow of the Kelleys Island Lime & Transport Company broke from its mooring on Kelleys Island and, with its crew of five men, went adrift at the mercy of the storm. Mr. Freitas was notified of the predicament of the periled mariners and was asked to go to their rescue. From his employers he gained permission to use one of their tugs in this hazardous venture, and, with a crew of fourteen equally faithful and determined men, he set forth in the face of the storm, finally found the tug and passed a line to the same, and, after several attempts, attended by hard work and much danger, he succeeded in towing the scow to the port in Sandusky and in saving the lives of its crew. It may be noted also that on the 22d of December, 1903, in command of a tug with scows in tow to a distance of more than a mile, Mr. Freitas set forth to bring the flotilla to Cleveland, Ohio, where he arrived on the 24th of the same month. This was a perilous voyage, as a gale was blowing with a blinding snow, at the time when the tug and its tow scows finally made the Cleveland port, about six o'clock in the evening. It is needless to say that Mr. Freitas has never flinched from service of duty in whatever way it has been presented, and this fact accounts largely for his secure place in popular confidence and good will. FRANK H. MAY, D. D. S., has represented his profession in the town of Glouster, Athens County, for many years. He is a native of Southeastern Ohio, and of an old family of Washington County. He was born at New Matamoras, Washington County, son of Hosea B. and Callie (Disque) May. His father, who died in 1921, at the age of seventy-six, was in the hardware business at New Matamoras, and the business he founded and carried on for many years is now continued by his son Albert May. He was a republican, liberal in contributions to public matters, was an elder in the Presbyterian Church, a charter member of the Knights of Pythias, and a stockholder in the First National Bank. His widow survives him and lives at New Matamoras. There are two sons and three daughters: Elbert; Dr. Frank H.; Mrs. R. C. Work, who is the present county clerk of Logan County; Mrs. W. A. Smith, of New Matamoras; and Mrs. Montgomery, wife of Rev. J. S. Montgomery. Frank H. May grew up at New Matamoras, and after graduating from high school there entered the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, where he was graduated in 1905. In 1906, after passing the State Board of Dental Examiners, he engaged in practice at Jacksonville, and was one of the popular members of his profession and a live and progresive citizen of that community for ten years. On leaving Jacksonville he removed to Glouster, where he does a large professional business. He is a member of the local and state dental societies. While living at Jacksonville Doctor May served two terms as mayor. He is a member of the Masonic Order. In 1908 he married Miss Mary Eaton, daughter of W. M. Eaton, Civil war veteran. The only child born to Doctor and Mrs. May was a daughter, Anna Mary, four years old. Shortly after her death Doctor and Mrs. May removed to Glouster. JOSEPH B. SHEPLER, county prosecuting attorney of Coshocton County, is a World war veteran, and is a member of a family that has been honorably represented in the history and affairs of Coshocton County for four generations. Mr. Shepler 's great-grandfather, Peter Shepler, came from Pennsylvania to Ohio about 1810, settling in Mill Creek Township, Coshocton County. Soon afterwards he erected a brick residence that is still standing as a landmark of more than a century of time. He was also instrumental in erecting the Shepler Church near his home, and this edifice likewise stands today. His son, Andrew Jackson Shepler, was born on his father 's farm in Mill Creek Township, and spent most of his life at Coshocton. He was a pioneer photographer, taking up the practice of that art long before the perfection of the dry plate process was discovered. He died at Coshocton in 1924, in his eighty-second year. The wife of Andrew Jackson Shepler was Nancy Gray, who came from Baltimore to Ohio. Their son, Edward Lee Shepler, was born in Coshocton County, learned during his youth the printers' trade, and has been identified with printing and its allied arts throughout his mature experience in Coshocton, where he resides. Edward L. Shepler married Mary Stockman who was born in Coshocton County, and they have a family of two sons and one daughter. One of the sons is Joseph B. Shepler, who was born at Coshocton, October 20, 1895. He was given liberal opportunities for an education, graduating from the Coshocton High School in 1913, and then entered the law department of Ohio Northern University. He graduated in 1917, was admitted to the bar the same year, and had a brief experience in practice at Coshocton before the Government required his services. In June, 1918, he joined the colors, being sent to Camp Taylor at Louisville, Kentucky. He was put in an Officers' Training School, and was finally transferred to Camp Sherman at Chillicothe, Ohio, where he was commissioned a second lieutenant in September, 1918. In the same month he went overseas with the 306 - HISTORY OF OHIO Eighty-fourth Division, and later was commissioned a first lieutenant. Following the armistice he was returned to the United States, and at Camp Sherman received an honorable discharge July 21, 1919, Mr. Shepler has been prominently identified with the American Legion, being a past commander of the Coshocton Post. With his release from the army Mr. Shepler resumed his law practice at Coshocton. He was nominated on the democratic ticket in 1922 as candidate for prosecuting attorney, and was elected that fall. He took office in 1923, and has proved an unusually forceful, courageous and efficient prosecutor. Mr. Shepler is a member of the Episcopal Church, and fraternally is a Royal Arch Mason, Knight of Pythias and Elk. He belongs to the Coshocton Rotary Club. He married in 1922 Miss Nellie Green, daughter of William and Jennie Green, of Coshocton. Her father is the international secretary and treasurer of the United Mine Workers of America. L. W. OURS, deputy United States marshal for the southern district of Ohio, has his official headquarters in Columbus, but his home for nearly forty years has been in Pickaway County, where he has long enjoyed recognition as one of the leading farmers and stockmen. Mr. Ours was born in Vinton County, Ohio, January 2, 1869, son of L. A. and Mary Jane (Atwood) Ours, his father a native of West Virginia. Marshal Ours was reared on a farm, acquired a common school education, and from boyhood has been identified with farming and stock raising. In 1884, when he was fifteen years old, the family removed from Vinton County to Monroe Township, Pickaway County, and he has occupied the old homestead there ever since. He has a farm of 275 acres of the rich and valuable land characteristic of his home county. His operations and his influence have been in line with the progressive development of Pickaway County as one of the outstanding centers of successful agriculture in America. While he does general farming, his specialty for a number of years has been the breeding of Percheron horses. He handled only registered animals, and some of the finest stock of this kind in the country has been developed at his place. Along with farming Mr. Ours began interesting himself in local politics a number of years ago, and was prominent in the councils of the republican party in Pickaway County and has also attended many county and state conventions as a delegate. In November, 1922, he was appointed deputy United States marshal for the southern district of Ohio, comprising thirty counties in Central and South Central, Ohio. Soon after his appointment he took up his official duties in Columbus. Mr. Ours is unmarried, and is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. PHILIP BUERKLE was a child of two years at the time when his parents established the family home in the City of Sandusky, and here he was reared to manhood, his early educational advantages having been those of the public schools. Here he has continuously maintained his home save for an interval of seven years, and that he has secure place in the confidence and esteem of this community is assured by his having served as a member of the Municipal Council and also as mayor of the city. He is now one of the successful exponents of the general insurance business in Sandusky and Erie County. Mr. Buerkle was born in Bergen County, New Jersey, March 7, 1855, and is a son of August and Barbara (Kek) Buerkle, both natives of Germany. While a resident of New Jersey August Buerkle gave his attention to the farm industry, though he was a nailmaker by trade. In 1857 he came with his family to Ohio and established his residence in Sandusky, where he and his wife passed the remainder of their lives. Here he followed his trade many years, and thereafter he held the position of stationary engineer in the manufacturing plant of Klotz & Kromer. At the age of thirteen years Philip Buerkle assumed the dignified position of printer 's devil in the office of the Sandusky Herald, and in due course he learned the printer 's trade. At the age of seventeen years, as a full-fledged journeyman printer, he left Sandusky, and within his absence during a period of seven years he was employed at his trade in Cincinnati, St. Louis and Chicago. After his return to Sandusky he continued to be associated with the printing business until 1891, and in the meanwhile he had been called upon to serve as a member of the City Council. In April, 1891, as candidate on the ticket of the democratic party, of whose principles he has ever been a staunch advocate, Mr. Buerkle was elected mayor of Sandusky, and he continued the efficient chief executive of the municipal government until 1895, in an administration marked by progressive and liberal policies. Upon retiring from the office of mayor he established his present business and a short time thereafter he admitted Mr. A. C. Lermann, as a partner. This effective alliance has since continued, the while the firm has built up a substantial and representative business in the underwriting of the various lines of insurance. Mr. Buerkle has served also as a Member and clerk of the Board of Education, and in the office of justice of the peace. He is an active member of the Sandusky Chamber of Commerce, has passed the various official chairs in his lodge of the Knights of Pythias, and is affiliated also with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. The year 1882 recorded the marriage of Mr. Buerkle to Miss Sophia Giedman, who was born and reared in Sandusky and who is a daughter of the late John and Teresa (Feist) Giedman. Mr. and Mrs. Buerkle have two daughters : Minnie is the wife of William B. Moon, of Sandusky, and Amelia T. is the wife of Charles J. Neff, of this city. EMIL BRENGARTNER. On Washington Row in his native City of Sandusky is located the modern undertaking and funeral-directing establishment of Mr. Brengartner, who has here been associated with this line of business for many years, and who now conducts one of the leading enterprises of this kind in the city, with facilities and service of the most modern order. Mr. Brengartner was born in Sandusky in the year 1859, and is a son of Sylvester and Margaret (Daniels) Brengartner, both natives of Germany, though the latter was a child when the parents, Peter and Dorothy (Rader) Daniels, came to Erie County and established their home on a farm, the remainder of their lives having been passed in this county, where they were honored as sterling pioneer citizens. Sylvester Brengartner was long engaged in the dry-goods business at Sandusky. His wife was a devout communicant of the Catholic Church. Emil Brengartner attended the parochial schools of Sandusky until he was fourteen years old, and for five years thereafter he gave his attention to the caring for and training of horses. He next passed one year at Indianapolis, Indiana, where he was in the employ of the Standard Oil Company, and he then returned to Sandusky and was for two years in the employ of the undertaking firm of Ruff & Son. He thereafter was for fourteen years in the employ of John Krupp & Son, engaged in the same line of business, and during the last seven years he had active management of the business. He then rendered equally effective service in the development and up- HISTORY OF OHIO - 307 building of the undertaking business of Charles Andres, with whom he continued to be associated until 1914, when he initiated his present independent business as an undertaker and funeral director. He is a licensed embalmer, and his broad experience has made him an authority in all matters pertaining to the business of which he is now a leading exponent in his native city. In national politics Mr. Brengartner is a republican but in local affairs he supports men and measures meeting the approval of his judgment, irrespective of strict partisan lines. He has served as a member of the City Council, and has membership in the local Chamber of Commerce and the Benevolent Association. He and his family are communicants of St. Mary 's Catholic Church, and he is affiliated with the Knights of Columbus, Knights of the Maccabees, Knights and Ladies of Security, Fraternal Order of Eagles and Loyal Order of Moose. On the 16th of June, 1884, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Brengartner and Miss Margaret Keaney, who likewise was born in Sandusky and whose parents, Michael and Margaret Keaney, were born in Ireland. Mr. and Mrs. Brengartner have four children : Miss Estella remains at the parental home; Chester still resides in Sandusky ; Ira is a resident of the City of Cleveland; and Ruth is the youngest member of the parental home circle. JAMES DANIEL PARKER, M. D., is a native son of Erie County, Ohio, and here he is now a representative physician and surgeon in the City of Sandusky, the county seat, where, as an exponent of the benignant Homeopathic system of medicine, he controls a substantial general practice, besides being chief of the staff of physicians and surgeons of Providence Hospital and a member of the staff of Good Samaritan Hospital. On both the paternal and maternal sides Doctor Parker is a scion of pioneer ancestry in Ohio. His paternal grandfather, Joshua Parker, was born in England, and was an early settler in Erie County, Ohio, where he reclaimed and developed a farm, his early wheat crops having been hauled by wagon to Milan for shipment by the old-time canals. William Stevenson Gurley, maternal grandfather of the Doctor, passed his entire life in . Ohio and was of sterling Irish lineage. His father, William Gurley, a Protestant in religion, was several times designated for execution at the time of the religious troubles in Ireland, and in 1812 he escaped with his family to the United States, the home being established in Ohio, the War of 1812 was then in progress. He became one of the early clergymen of the Methodist Episcopal Church in this state, and lived up to the full tension of trials and hardships incidental to life on the frontier. Dr. James Daniel Parker was born in Perkins Township, Erie County, Ohio, September 2, 1876, and is a son of James Darnel and Sarah Susan (Gurley) Parker, the former of whom was born near the Village of Monroeville, Huron County, Ohio, and the latter in Erie County. James D. Parker, Sr., for many years conducted the Buckeye Business College in the City of Sandusky, and brought the institution to a high standard. He was one of the well known and highly honored citizens of Erie County at the time of his death, in January, 1915, and his widow is now a resident of Bogart Corners, this county. After his course in the Sandusky High School Doctor Parker entered the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College, which is now the Homeopathic School of the University of Ohio, and in this institution he was graduated as a member of the class of 1900. After thus receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine he opened an office in Sandusky in April of the same year, and here he has since been successfully engaged in the practice of his profession. He is an active and valued member of the Erie County Medical Society, the Ohio State Homeopathic Medical Society, the American Association and the American Institute of Homeopathy. He is a member of the Sandusky Chamber of Commerce, and at the time of this writing, in the summer of 1924, is president of the Sunyendeand Club, besides being a member of the Plum Brook Country Club. In the Masonic fraternity he has received the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite. His political allegiance is given to the republican party, and while he has had no desire for public office, his civic loyalty is being shown in his effective service as a member of the Board of Education- in his home city. Here he and his wife are zealous members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he has served as a member of its official board. In autumn of the year 1900 was solemnized the marriage of Doctor Parker and Miss Florence Glenn Day, who was born at Elmore, Sandusky County, where also occurred the birth of her father, Amos Day, whose wife, Mrs. Ena (Durkee) Day, was born in Massachusetts. Doctor and Mrs. Parker have five children: Ruth Evelyn, Virginia Mary, James Daniel III, Watson Day and Lester Gurley. CALVIN ESSEX, of Columbus, and New Straitsville, performed a tremendous amount of development work in the mining regions of the Hocking Valley. Coal operators in that district speak of him as one of the pioneers in the industry. For a great many years some of the most important coal operations in Ohio have been conducted by members of the Essex family. Calvin Essex had two of his brothers actively associated with him for ten years, and his sons now have active charge of the Essex mining interests. From 1885 to 1892 Mr. Calvin Essex had charge of the Troy Mine, but since then has been interested in a large number of mines. His brothers at times associated with him and also as independent operators were Hanna and Nelson Essex. Essex Mine No. 37 was named for Mr. Calvin Essex, who did most of the development work, and with his brothers Hanna and Nelson operated the mine until 1909, in which year he disposed of his interests. His brothers are now the operators. Mr. Essex leased the land from Tracey, on which the mining center of Coalgate is now located. His sons Charles S., Robert L. and Fred are now in charge of the Essex mining interests. In 1913 Mr. Calvin Essex had a great deal to do with the opening of mines at Pomeroy in Meigs County. There are seven mines now there, and they are owned and operated by the Statler-Essex Coal Company, the Pomeroy and the Hocking Mining Company and two other companies. Mr. Essex is interested in the Kimberly Coal & Mining Company at Nelsonville, the Ohio Mining Company at Jacksonville, and Nos. 1 and 2 mines, known as the Coalgate & Lost Run Mines) at New Straitsville. Few men have the capacity for so much hardwork and are so successful in handling various affairs as Mr. Calvin Essex. He was born on his father 's farm in Morgan County, Ohio, August 5, 1848, son of Nathan H. and Elizabeth J. (Morris) Essex. The Essex family came from England nearly three hundred years ago, while the Morris family is of Scotch ancestry. Nathan Essex was a farmer, and enlisted for a hundred day service during the Civil war. However, he was sent home on account of being crippled. His brother Martin was one of the prominent men in political and local affairs in this section of Ohio, and was a polished orator, frequently speaking at Fourth of July and other celebrations. Nathan Essex died in 1873, in his fifty-second year, and his wife 308 - HISTORY OF OHIO died at New Straitsville in 1896. They were very devout and active members of the Bible Christian Church, and while the family lived in Star Township of Hocking County he was the chief supporter of Mount Zion Church. Second in a family of six sons and four daughters, Calvin Essex had limited educational advantages, attending school only three months each year. It was a district country school, and beyond its opportunities he had to depend upon the resources of an active mind and a sound intelligence to promote him in life's affairs. Mr. Essex in 1877 opened a bake shop and grocery store at New Straitsville. His business grew rapidly, but in a short time he realized the possibilities of coal production, started the opening of mines, and soon gave up the grocery business to concentrate his entire attention upon that industry. Still later he engaged in the furniture and undertaking business, taking a course of lectures in embalming, and for many years attended all the meetings of funeral directors. He was in the furniture and undertaking business for many years, until 1913, when he disposed of it in order to give his personal energies to the development of the mines at Pomeroy, as above noted. A few years afterwards his sons insisted that he give up the heavy responsibilities connected with mine operation, but not being content to be idle he in 1920 reengaged in the furniture and undertaking 'business at New Straitsville. In former years he served on the Town Council and health board of New Straitsville. • In 1871 he married Miss Evelyn Stalter, daughter of William Stalter, of Logan, Hocking County. Their marriage companionship continued forty-five years, until the death of Mrs. Essex on September 14, 1916. Since her death Mr. Essex has made his home in Columbus with his daughter, Mrs. Winters, though he continues to spend considerable time at New Straitsville, looking after his personal business interests. He has served many years on the Official Board of the Methodist Episcopal Church, has been a member of the Masonic Order since 1882 and of the Odd Fellows Lodge at Logan since he was twenty-one. He is a member of the Encampment in Odd Fellowship. In politics he has voted for men rather than party, and he grew up a great admirer of Lincoln and Lincoln's politics expressed in the republican party, but years later became a Bryan democrat. The oldest child of Mr. Essex is Luella, wife of Dr. B. E. Winters, formerly of New Straitsville, now of Columbus. Charles S. is a mine superintendent and also has a garage at New Straitsville. Elizabeth is the wife of A. E. Duvall, of New Straitsville. Robert L. is superintendent of the Lost Run mine, and Fred lives at Columbus and is general superintendent of the Essex mining interests, with a working force of 2,000 employes. EDMUND FREMONT DANFORD, M. D. Now retired from his profession, Doctor Danford was one of the pioneer physicians and surgeons of Glouster, Athens County, and for a time he carried alone the burdens of an extensive country practice throughout the agricultural and mining districts. As a citizen he has achieved the lasting respect of his community. He was born on a farm in Morgan County, Ohio, two miles east of Trimble, October 15, 1856, son of John and Mary (Braderick) Danford. His father John. Danford, was born on Captina Creek in. Belmont County, Ohio. John's brother Samuel was the father of Lorenzo Dow Danford, a conspicuous leader in the republican party of Ohio after the war and for many years a member of Congress. The Danfords were pioneers in the eastern parts of the state, and the Bradericks came from New Jersey. Mary Braderick had three brothers, Isaiah, Isaac and Thomas, who were Methodist Ministers. John Danford and wife were married in Belmont County, and then moved into the woods of Morgan County. He was active in local affairs, teaching school in the old Hop House, held the office of justice of the peace twenty-four years, and for a long time was an elder in the Church of Christ and superintendent of its Sunday school. In his youth he voted as a whig and later a republican who cast his first ballot for John C. Fremont. John Danford and wife had eleven children. The sons were: Isaac William, deceased; Doctor H. D., who was a volunteer soldier in the Civil war and for many years practiced medicine at Trimble, being now deceased ; Silas J., who for years was a merchant at Trimble and now lives at Athens; Elijah Allen, a teacher and farmer, deceased; Lydia Carey, deceased, of Valley Falls, Kansas. Chas E., deceased; Rev. Thomas J., a Methodist minister who died at Crooksville; Dr. Edmund F.; Marion E., former prosecuting attorney at McConnelsville, Ohio; and Seward Sherman, a well known merchant and banker at Glouster. Nancy a twin sister of Lydia, passed away in early girlhood. Edmund Fremont Danford attended school in the Lewis district as a boy, had one term in a select school at Trimble, and for twelve years his time and energies were divided between work on the farm, teaching and study. For twelve years he taught in Morgan and Athens counties, and three years of this time were spent at Trimble. At that time neither Trimble nor Glouster had communication with the outside world by railroad. While teaching at Trimble he took up the study of medicine under his brother, and later he entered the Medical College of Ohio at Cincinnati, where he was graduated Doctor of Medicine in March, 1881. While he was away in school the railroad was completed, and when he returned to Glouster he traveled by train. After graduating he practiced with his brother at Trimble a year, spent two years at Jacksonville, and in 1884 established his home at Glouster. At that time Doctor Pickering, a physician, had a drug store here, and soon gave up his practice to give all his time to his business. That left Doctor Danford the entire field, and he looked after the practice in the village and a large section of the surrounding country. He rode night and day horse back, and none of the younger men in the profession have ever had so much strenuous work in following their calling as Doctor Danford. He continued his practice until 1916. The only public office he has held was that of corporation clerk in Jacksonville for one term, his salary for the year being fifteen dollars. He has attended many county, district and state republican conventions. He is a Master Mason, and for thirty-six years an elder in the Church of Christ. On April 30, 1882, Doctor Danford married Miss Sarah Frances Andrews, daughter of Samuel M. and Susannah (Davis) Andrews. She was born in Athens County, October 21, 1859, and died January 5, 1885. The only child of this marriage is Frank A. Danforth, a Glouster business man. On December 19, 1886, Doctor Danford married Mary Elvira Allen, who was born April 29, 1862, on a farm now included in the Town of Glouster. She died July 14, 1898.. By his second marriage Doctor Danford has four daughters: Gladys Allen, who graduated from Ohio University at Athens in 1923, and is a teacher in the Glouster High School; Lalla Rookh, a graduate of the Ohio University in 1924, and a teacher in the Glouster High School; Dorothy Adene, who graduated in music from Ohio University and is the wife of Thomas Gibson, a druggist at Athens; and Mary E., a graduate of the Glouster High School and the wife of Harold E. Kinney, of Glouster. Doctor Danford and four HISTORY OF OHIO - 309 of his brothers taught school, and the same calling has been followed by three of his daughters. Doctor Danford's only son, Frank, graduated from high school, took the civil engineering course in the Ohio Northern University at Ada, and for a time was employed by the United States Steel Corporation at Gary, Indiana, during the construction of the water supply for that steel city. He also spent some years in the West as a civil engineer, being in Utah for a time, and was also at Pensacola, Florida. During the World war he acted as purchasing agent for the Steel Furniture Manufacturing Company of Avanel, New Jersey. He then returned to his old home and engaged in business at Glouster. J. M. DUNN. The City of Youngstown owes much to J. M. Dunn, one of its most progressive realtors, for through his efforts and broad vision several beautiful residential districts have been developed, and in them additional homes have been provided, at a reasonable price, for the ever growing population. Mr. Dunn is a man who thoroughly understands his business, and takes a pride in improving undeveloped land so as to enhance its value and add to the prestige of his home city. J. M. Dunn is a New Englander, having been born at Columbia, New Hampshire, in 1865. He is a son of Thomas and Jemima (Temple) Dunn, natives of Ireland and England, respectively, who were married in New Hampshire. They were farming people, and J. M. Dunn was reared on their homestead, following farming until he was twenty-three. In the meanwhile he had attended the district schools and Colebrook Academy, and was graduated from the latter in 1884. Leaving the farm, Mr. Dunn went into railroad work, and for two years was a brakeman on the local railroad. Going West, he spent three years at Great Falls, Montana, as a clerk in a grocery store, and then for two years he worked in the copper mines of Butte, Montana. Still later he was engaged in the meat business at Helena, Montana, but after four years he sold and bought another meat business at Great Falls. There he remained for four years, but once more sold, and going to Spokane, Washington, entered the realty field, under the name of Dickson & Dunn, and in this line discovered his life work. For eight years he and his partner operated together and then the latter bought Mr. Dunn's interests, and he opened a new office, and worked alone for two years. Going then to Los Angeles, California, he participated in some of the earlier development of that famous region. In the meanwhile he opened up offices at several points in Utah, in connection with which he has sold large tracts of land. In 1916 he came to Ohio, and operated at Akron under the name of Dunn & Green. This firm platted and sold allotments there, and in the spring of 1917 secured possession of a tract of 200 acres of land within the city limits of Youngstown, known as Gibson Grove. In 1920 they began to plat this property, and Mr. Dunn has had full charge of the development work here since that date. His long and varied experience and love of his work make his results particularly pleasing. In February, 1897, Mr. Dunn married Miss Lena Elliott, who was born at Perry's Sound, Canada. They have no children. Mr. Dunn is a Christian Scientist. In politics he is a democrat. Fraternally he belongs to Tyrian Lodge No. 96, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, of Spokane, Washington; Spokane Lodge No. 228, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks; Red Cross Lodge No. 28, Knights of Pythias, and to the Modern Woodmen of America, and has passed all of the chairs in the last named. In every locality in which Mr. Dunn has operated he has left his impress upon the life of the community, and a reputation for sound judgment and honorable business methods. JOHN FRANKLIN SWITZER, M. D. A long and proficient service as a physician and surgeon accounts for the high esteem in which Doctor Switzer is held in Perry County, particularly in the community of New Straitsville. Doctor Switzer is thoroughly well grounded in his profession, and at the same time has not neglected participation in the general affairs of good citizenship. He was born on a farm in Licking County, Ohio, July 11, 1866, but spent most of his boyhood days in Hocking County. His parents were Isaac and Lydia (Foreman) Switzer. His father, who was born in Allegany County, Maryland, passed his boyhood days assisting his father in operating a water power saw mill on Sidling Hill Creek, and as a young man came to Ohio and engaged in farming, at first in Licking County and afterwards in Hocking County, his farm being two miles north of Webb Summit. He was also a local preacher of the Methodist Church, and on many occasions he filled the pulpits and assisted in Evangelistic work. Isaac Switzer, who died in March, 1901, at the age of seventy-eight, was twice married. His first wife was a Miss Hodge, and by this marriage there were four children: William G., who died at the age of twenty-nine; Cassius, who died in boyhood; Lizzie, who died at North Berne at the age of thirty-five, wife of Jacob Widener ; and Sarah A., who lives near Bremen, Ohio, wife of Frank Everett. The second wife of Isaac Switzer was Lydia Foreman, at that time the widow of Abe Beery, by whom she was the mother of a son, Dr. G. W. Beery, now living at Lancaster, Ohio. The three children of Isaac and Lydia (Foreman) Switzer were: John Franklin; Henry D., a farmer at the old homestead, and Howard E., who died when a child. Their mother was born in Perry County, and died in 1907, at the age of seventy-two. John Franklin Switzer while a boy on the farm in Hocking County attended common and select schools in Marion Township, and subsequently qualified as a teacher and taught a number of terms of school, chiefly to pave the way to a medical career. He taught three terms of rural school near Bremen in Fairfield County, also taught School No. 9 in Hocking County, the Webb Summit School, and his last work as teacher was as principal of the Union Furnace School. Doctor Switzer is a graduate of the Eclectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati, Ohio, completing his work there in 1893. After graduating he practiced three years at Union Furnace, and then located at Maxville, in order to be near his parents in their old age. Two years later he established his permanent home at New Straitsville in Perry County, and a large community around that village has known him for a quarter of a century or more as a busy, hard working and conscientious physician and surgeon. Doctor Switzer married Miss Lucy Webb, a daughter of Carts Webb, of Webb Summit. They have one son, Webb, born in 1903, now assistant cashier in the Martin Bank Company. Doctor Switzer is vice president of that bank. Doctor Switzer is a member of the United Brethren Church, belongs to the Logan Lodge of Masons, the Royal Arch Chapter, the Council and Knights Templar degrees, the Lodge of Elks at Logan, and is past chancellor commander of the Union Furnace Lodge of Knights of Pythias. Politically he does his duty as an independent republican. Doctor Switzer has always been very fond of outdoor life, and keeps his health and vigor through outdoor living and the pursuit of such sports as fishing. He also makes annual hunting trips to the Georgian Bay region of Ontario. At the time of 310 - HISTORY OF OHIO the World war he was on. duty as a member of the Volunteer Medical Corps, and assisted in many responsibilities on the other local boards and committees. HENRY SCHOEPPLE is one of the successful attorneys and counselors at law in his native city of Sandusky, where he has been engaged in the general practice of his profession somewhat more than thirty years. He has proved his resourcefulness as a trial lawyer, and has appeared in connection with many important cases tried in the courts of this section of the state, the while he is a popular member of a family whose name has been worthily linked with Erie County history for more than half a century. Mr. Schoepfle was born in Sandusky on the 12th of February, 1867, and is a son of Christopher and Rosa (Waldemeier) Schoepfle, the former of whom was born at Grotzingen, in Baden, Germany, and the latter in Wurttemberg, they having been young when they came to the United States and their marriage having been solemnized at Sandusky, Ohio. In partnership with his brother, Carl, Christopher Schoepfle developed the well-known Schoepfle stone quarries in Erie County, and here .he became also a pioneer in the manufacturing of wine from the fine grapes grown in this section of the Buckeye State. In 1874 he purchased a farm of 100 acres in Perkins Township, and there he devoted the remainder of his active career to agricultural and livestock industry, both he and his wife having died on this homestead. Henry Schoepfle is indebted to the public schools of Erie County for his early education, which was supplemented by his attending (1886-89) what is now known as the Ohio Northwestern University at Ada. He gave two years of effective service as a teacher in the district schools of Perkins Township, and in the meanwhile initiated the study of law. In advancing his technical studies he entered the Cincinnati Law School, and in this institution he was graduated as a member of the class of 1892 and with the degree of Bachelor of Laws, his admission to the Ohio bar having occurred on the 26th of May of that year. He has since been continuously engaged in the practice of law in Sandusky, and has long retained a substantial and representative clientage that attests to his professional ability and his hold upon the confidence and esteem of this community. He served as city solicitor in 1895-96, but has had no ambition for public office, as he considers his profession worthy of his undivided time and attention. He is an active member of the Erie County Bar Association and the Ohio State Bar Association. He is a stalwart advocate of the principles of the republican party, and is a progressive and valued member of the Sandusky Chamber of Commerce. In June, 1891, occurred the marriage of Mr. Schoepfle and Miss Mamie Rudolph, who likewise was born in the City of Sandusky and who is a daughter of George and Caroline (Goetz) Rudolph, her father likewise having been born in Sandusky. Mr. and Mrs. Schoepfle have two children: Orwell F. R., who is city chemist of Sandusky and superintendent of the modern filtration plant of the city waterworks system, married Miss Lucile Von Hansen, and they have one child, Ruth. Adaline E., younger of the two children, is the wife of George Gundlach, of Sandusky, and they have two children, Marian and Mildred. GEORGE C. BEIS is one of the veteran and honored members of the bar of Sandusky, in which city he has been continuously engaged in the practice of his profession for somewhat more than forty years, his only digression from law practice having been in his service of three years as judge of the Probate Court of Erie County. Judge Beis was born at Waterville, Lucas County, Ohio, September 12, 1861, and is a son of George J. and Rosa (Allion) Beis. George J. Beis was born and reared in Germany and was a young man when he came to the United States, in the early '50s and established his residence at Galion, Ohio, where he served a practical apprenticeship of three years in a brewery. He finally engaged independently in the brewery business at Waterville, continuing operations in this line until 1873, when he turned his attention to farm industry in Lucas County, where he and his wife passed the remainder of their lives. In the public schools of Waterville Judge George C. Beis continued his studies until he had partially completed the curriculum of the high school, and at the age of seventeen years he successfully passed the examination that made him eligible for service as a teacher in the public schools. To such pedagogic service he gave two years, and during vacation periods of these years he gave his time and attention to 'the study of law, under the preceptorship of the well-known law firm of Scribner, Hurd & Scribner, of Toledo. In advancing his knowledge of the science of jurisprudence he finally entered the law department of the University of Michigan, and in this celebrated institution he was graduated as a member of the class of 1883, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws and with attendant admission to the bar of Michigan. June of the same year recorded also his admission to the Ohio bar, and during the long intervening years he has continued in the general practice of his profession in the City of Sandusky, where he has long retained a large and important law business of representative order. Judge Beis served as city solicitor from 1885 to 1891, three successive terms, and in February, 1891, he resigned his office to assume that of judge of the Probate Court of Erie County, a position in which his administration covered a period of three years. The judge stands forth as a loyal and effective sponsor for the principles of the democratic party and has given yeoman service in behalf of its cause. He has served continuously since 1905 as chairman of the Democratic Central and Executive committees of Erie County, and in 1888 he was his party 's candidate for the position of presidential elector, but was defeated by normal political exigencies that gave to the opposing party a victory in the campaign of that year. Judge Beis is past exalted ruler of Sandusky Lodge No. 285, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and continues to take lively interest in this splendid organization. His family are communicants of the Catholic Church. On the 30th of January, 1890, was solemnized the marriage of Judge Beis and Miss Lucinda Zerbe, who was born and reared in Sandusky, a daughter of Andrew and Elizabeth (Basin) Zerbe. Andrew Zerbe was born in Germany, and became one of the leading dry goods merchants in the City of Sandusky, Ohio. George A., eldest of the children of Judge and Mrs. Beis, is associated with his father in the practice of law, as one of the representative younger members of the Erie County bar. He married Miss Olivia Hardy, and they have two children, George and Margaret Ann. Jean, elder of the two daughters, is teacher of Latin in the Sandusky High School, and the younger daughter, Mary Elizabeth, likewise remains at the parental home. HERBERT FARRELL has been a resident of Sandusky, judicial center of Erie County, since the year 1910, and has here gained secure vantage ground as one of the progressive and influential business men of the city. He is president of the Farrell-Cheek HISTORY OF OHIO - 311 Steel Foundry Company, one of the important industrial concerns of this section of the Buckeye State. Mr. Farrell was born in the City of Nashville, Tennessee, in the year 1882, and is a. son of Norman and Josephine (Elliston) Farrell, both likewise natives of that state. After having profited by the advantages of private schools in his native city Herbert Farrell was there a student in Vanderbilt University two years. Thereafter he was associated with the foundry business in Pennsylvania during a period of nine years, at the expiration of which, in 1910, he came to Sandusky, Ohio, where he has continued his active alliance with the same line of industrial enterprise, in which he has made substantial advancement. He was one of the organizers and incorporators of the Farrell-Cheek Steel Foundry Company, of which he is the president, Joel 0. Cheek being the vice president, J. E. Swett, the secretary, and R. C. Farrell, the treasurer. This company has developed a prosperous business in the manufacturing of steel castings of varied types, and the enterprise has proved a valuable contribution to the industrial precedence of Sandusky. Mr. Farrell is found loyally aligned in the ranks of the republican party, he and his wife are members of the Christian Church in their home city, and here he has membership in the Chamber of Commerce, the Sunyendeand Club and the Plum Brook Country Club. The year 1909 recorded the marriage of Mr. Farrell and Miss Ritchie Cheek, who likewise was born and reared at Nashville, Tennessee, and who is a daughter of Joel 0. and Minnie (Ritchie) Cheek. Mr. and Mrs. Farrell have four children : Herbert, Jr., Richie C., Helen Fairfax and Joel 0. CHARLES A. PRIDE is one of the prominent men in the professional, business and civic affairs of Athens County. He has practiced dentistry at Glouster for many years, and is also director of the Glouster State Bank. Doctor Pride was born, at Rockland, in Washington County, Ohio, in 1881, son of James Finley and Susan Pride and. grandson of Jesse and Polly Pride. His grandparents were Pennsylvanians, and they followed farming in Pennsylvania, West Virginia and finally in Ohio. James F. Pride is now eighty-three years of age and lives at Rockland, Ohio. His wife, who was born in 1841, died in 1917. James F. Pride followed the business of truck growing, and was very successful in that line, selling his produce for many years in Parkersburg, West Virginia. He is thoroughly well informed not only on his particular line, but on the issues of the day. In the family were six sons and three daughters, and all but one son are now living: Dr. William A. and Dr. Charles A. both dentists at Glouster ; Baruch, now deceased, who was a .successful truck grower and also in the commission business; Jesse, a truck grower at Rockland ; Thomas, a retired gardener ; Frank, a farmer at Rockland; Letha, wife of Charles Nichols, of Rockland : Mary House, of San Francisco ; and Anna Reid, of Kansas. Charles A. Pride as a boy worked in his father 's truck gardens, attended school near Rockland, and began the study of dentistry with his brother, William A. He borrowed the money to pay his expenses through college, and in 1902 graduated from Ohio Dental College at Cincinnati. Since then he has been one of the able men of his profession. He practiced in partnership with his brother William, and since then has been alone. He served as corporation and school treasurer at Glouster four years. He is a democrat, is a member. of the State Dental Society, a past master of the Blue Lodge No. 607, of Glouster, and is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason and Shriner. February 2, 1918, he married Miss Hazel Lee Wilson, daughter of Boyd Wilson, of Greenfield, Ohio. They have one daughter, Virginia Boyd. C. EDWARD WOLFE has achieved success and prestige in his chosen profession, and in his home city of Sandusky are many fine buildings that attest his technical and artistic ability as an architect. Here he has been engaged in the independent work of his profession since 1915. Mr. Wolfe was born at Fremont, judicial center of Sandusky County, Ohio, on the 4th of July, 1875, and is a son of George and Isabel (Reed) Wolfe, the former of whom was born in Alsace-Lorraine, which was then a part of Germany, and the latter of whom was born at Fremont, Ohio, a daughter of Michael and Salome (Waggoner) Reed, her father having been a native of Pennsylvania and having become one of the substantial farmers of Sandusky County, Ohio. Michael and Catherine (Kereger) Wolfe, paternal grandparents of the subject of this sketch, remained in Alsace-Lorraine until 1852, when they came with their children to the United States and established a temporary residence in Marion County, Ohio, subsequently moving to Fremont, Ohio, where he died at the age of sixty-three years. C. Edward Wolfe attended the public schools of his native county until he was sixteen years of age, but about two years previously he had initiated his association with his father 's operations as a contractor and builder. He continued to follow the vocation of carpenter and builder about sixteen years and this practical. experience proved of inestimable value to him in connection with his preparing himself for the profession of architect. While working as a carpenter he gave much time to home study of standard text books on architecture, and he further fortified himself by study and work under the direction of a practical architect. He has" been a resident of Sandusky since 1906, and here he has been independently engaged in business as an architect since 1915. He designed the plans for buildings of the Lake Shore Tire Company and for the Ford garage building in Sandusky. Other and more pretentious evidences of his ability as an architect and designer are the edifices of the First Church of Christ, Scientist, and the First Reformed Church, both in Sandusky, and he is the architect of the First Church of Christ, Scientist, in the City of Wheeling, West Virginia. He also drew plans for a garage and service station at Black Creek, Wisconsin, and. performed a like service at Little Rock, Arkansas. He has designed buildings in various cities and towns of his native State of Ohio. Mr. Wolfe 's political convictions place him in the ranks of the democratic party, and he is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of a local lodge of the latter of which he is a past grand. In June, 1903, Mr. Wolfe .wedded Miss Lucy Webb Oberst, who was born at Fremont, Sandusky County, a daughter of Michael and Sarah (Lobdell) Oberst. Mr. and Mrs. Wolfe have three children: Dallas Edward and Doris Evelyn, twins, born October 7, 1906, and James Robert, born January 2, 1919. HARRY WILLIAM SHAW, M. D. In the twenty-five years since he graduated from medical college Doctor Shaw has made and maintained a splendid reputation for his professional work. He has practiced for many years in Perry County, and is regarded as an authority on diagnosis and the practice of internal medicine. Doctor Shaw was born at Gallipolis, Ohio, February 20, 1874, son of Capt. Hiram Brown and Sarah (Billings) Shaw. Captain Shaw, who came from Millville, New Jersey, was a captain of steamboats 312 - HISTORY OF OHIO on the Ohio and Tennessee rivers, and when the Civil war came on he was in command of steamboats in government service. At the battle of Pittsburgh Landing he was shot through the lung, and this wound was the direct cause of his death ten years later, in 1875, about eighteen months after the birth of his son Harry W, The mother of Doctor Shaw, Sarah Billings, was born at Charleston, Virginia, in December, 1837, and of ancestry tracing back to the Pilgrim fathers in Massachusetts. Her father, Lewis Billings, came from Boston. Mrs. Sarah Billings Shaw died in February, 1923, at the age of eighty-five. She was educated in the Gallia Academy in Ohio, and was one of the remarkable women of her day, her intellectual faculties remaining unimpaired to the end. She was an inveterate reader, and to the day of her death kept up her reading on a wide range of politics and affairs. She was the mother of five children, only two of whom reached mature years. The son Lewis Billings until recently was postmaster at Gallipolis, being appointed by President Wilson, although a republican in politics. He stood at the head of the list under examinations in the civil service. He was for some years identified with the furniture manufacturing plant at Gallipolis. Dr. Harry William Shaw first attended the grade schools at Gallipolis, then Gallia Academy, and spent two years in Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware. From there he entered Starling Medical College, now the medical department of Ohio State University, and was graduated Doctor of Medicine March 24, 1898. Doctor Shaw for eight years practiced in his home town of Gallipolis, and then removed to Perry County. His home and office were at Junction City, and he still maintains an office there, but in 1920 moved to New Lexington. The two towns are only four miles apart. Doctor Shaw was a volunteer at the time of the World war, was commissioned a first lieutenant in the Army Medical Corps, and was in training at Camp Benjamin Harrison and later spent eight months at Camp Lee, Virginia, where he was promoted to the rank of captain. Doctor Shaw married Miss Louise Jones, daughter of J. W. Jones, of Gallipolis. They are members of Saint. Peter 's Episcopal Church in Gallipolis. Doctor Shaw was president of the Perry County Medical Society in 1922, and is a member of the Ohio State and American Medical associations, is a Knight Templar Mason and a member of the Kiwanis Club. GEORGE FREDERICK ESHENRODER is to be consistently designated as one of the able and successful members of the bar of his native county, and is engaged in the practice of his profession in the City of Sandusky. Mr. Eshenroder was born on a farm near Kimball, Erie County, Ohio, in November, 1862, and is a son of William and Anna Amelia (Barlett) Eshenroder, the former of whom was born in Nassau, Germany, and the latter in Oswego County, New York. William Eshenroder was reared and educated in his native land, and was a young man when he severed the home ties and came to the United States. He established his residence in Erie County, Ohio, and was here engaged in farm enterprise until the time of his death, in 1869. His parents came to this country at a somewhat later period and joined him in Erie County, where they passed the remainder of their lives. Here his marriage was solemnized, his wife hating been a girl when she accompanied her parents, John and Amelia Barlett from their old home and native county of Oswego, New York, to Erie County, Ohio, the journey having been made by canal and lake boats. After the death of her husband Mrs. William Eshenroder remained for a time on the home farm, and then removed to the Village of Milan, Erie County, in order to give to her children the advantages of. its normal school. She passed the closing years of her long and earnest life in the City of Norwalk, Huron County, where she died June 29, 1918, at the venerable age of eighty years. George F. Eshenroder was six years of age at the time of his father 's death, and his widowed mother gave him the best educational advantages within her means to provide. Thus he profited by the curriculum of the normal schools at Milan, where also he attended the Ohio State Normal School, and his initial reading of law was carried forward in a private way at home. He finally entered the law department of Ohio Northern University, at Ada, where he made substantial progress in his absorption of the science of jurisprudence and so fortified himself that he was admitted to the Ohio bar in the spring of 1893. He engaged in the practice of his profession at Milan, where he remained until 1910, when he removed to Sandusky, the county seat, where he now controls a substantial and important law business. While residing at Milan he served two terms as township clerk, but he has had no special ambition for public office. In national and state affairs of political order he supports the republican party, but in local matters of public order he maintains an independent political attitude. Mr. Eshenroder is affiliated with Erie Lodge No. 339, Free and Acepted Masons, at Milan, and in the lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in that village he passed the various official chairs, besides having been for two terms its representative to the Ohio Grand Lodge of the order. Mr. Eshenroder has continuously permitted his name to remain enrolled on the roster of eligible bachelors in his- native county. LEVERETT LINDON CURTIS has become one of the leaders in industrial and commercial affairs in the City of Sandusky, judicial center of Erie County, where his home has been maintained since his early youth and where he is now president of the American Crayon Company, the largest manufacturing concern of its kind in the world. Mr. Curtis was born at Perry, Lake County, Ohio, June 16, 1852, and is a son of William D. and Caroline E. (Cowdery) Curtis, both of whom were born in the State of New York and both were young at the time of the migration of the respective families to Ohio, where was gained by each family a goodly measure of pioneer honors. In this state Ezra Curtis and his wife, whose family name was Sprague, passed the remainder of their lives, they having been the grandparents of him whose name introduces this review, and here also the maternal grandparents, early settlers of Kirtland, Lake County, remained until their. death. William D. Curtis was reared and educated in Ohio and as a youth learned the cooper 's trade. After his marriage he made settlement at Perry Lake County, where he engaged in the work of his trade and where he became one of the very first to manufacture barrels or casks for the use of the Standard Oil Company. He was in active service as a soldier of the Union during the major part of the Civil war, his enlistment having occurred. in 1862 and his principal service having been in the Hospital Corps, as a member of which he was stationed in turn at Louisville and Nicholasville, Kentucky. In later years he perpetuated his association with his old comrades through the medium of his active affiliation with the Grand Army of the Republic, and he and his wife were honored citizens of Sandusky at the time of their death. Within a short time after the close of the Civil war, Mr. Curtis came to Sandusky, where he became associated with his brothers-in-law, Emmet and John S. Cowdery, in establishing a new industrial enterprise, under the title of the Western School Sup- HISTORY OF OHIO - 313 ply Company. From a most modest inception has been developed what is now the largest and most important concern of its kind in the world, and the business was incorporated under its present title, the American Crayon Company, in 1890. With the development and upbuilding of this splendid Sandusky enterprise, one of the most important in advancing the commercial prestige of the city, William D. Curtis played a large part, and with the concern he continued his active executive alliance until the time of his death. He was a man of exceptional business ability, of sterling integrity, and of utmost civic loyalty, so that he commanded the unqualified confidence and esteem of the people of the community which long represented his home and to the advancement of which he contributed much. The American Crayon Company manufactures and markets all kinds of chalk products, including oil crayons and water colors for art purposes, and the' scope of the business has been extended to include the manufacturing of all kinds of wooden boxes, from the smallest to the largest sizes. Since 1914 the company has had the exclusive manufacturing of all boxes used by the Ford Motor Company, the greatest automobile concern in the world. In the two departments of its extensive and far-extending business the company maintains two large and modern manufacturing plants in Sandusky and gives employment to a corps of about 400 operatives, the greater number of whom are skilled artisans. Leverett L. Curtis, now the only ̊representative of the original Curtis family to be identified with this great corporation, has been its president since 1907, and George E. Parmenter, the vice president, has long been connected with the business. Carey W. Hoard, the second vice president of the company, is likewise its sales manager, and Andrew M. Spore is secretary and treasurer. Mr. Curtis has shown high ideals of civic responsibility and stewardship, and is known and valued as one of the most liberal and progressive citizens and business men of Sandusky. He has had no desire for political preferment, but is a staunch supporter of the principles of the republican party and has given four years of service as a member of the Sandusky Board of Education. He is an active and influential member of the local Chamber of Commerce, and has membership in the Sandusky Yacht Club and the Sunyendeand Club, of which latter he was the president in 1923. In the Masonic fraternity he has received the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite and is a Noble of Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. In September, 1889, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Curtis and Miss Anzonetta W. Broadbent, who was born in the City of Chicago, Illinois, a daughter of James Broadbent. Mr. and Mrs. Curtis have two children: Earl L., who is purchasing agent for the American Crayon Company, married Miss Vera Zistel, and they have two daughters, Marion and Jean. Lynn B., the younger son, who is superintendent and general manager of manufacturing for the American Crayon Company, married Mrs. Ruth Palmer. GEORGE CARLIN, now assistant superintendent of the Carbondale Coal Company at Carbondale in Athens County, went to work in this mining community when a boy and he has performed nearly every responsibility in the industrial affairs of the village. Mr. Carlin was born in Mason County, West Virginia, August 24, 1872. His father, John Carlin, was born in Durham, England, September 16, 1846, and was nine years of age when his people came to the United States. His father, Samuel Carlin, was a coal miner, and settled in Mason County, West Virginia. John Carlin ran away from home to join the army during the Civil war, but being under age was brought home. Again he made his escape, and this time he served two years with the Thirteenth West Virginia Infantry in the Union army. He took part in the Shenandoah Valley campaign, being at the battle of Winchester, and was also in the campaign along the New River in, West Virginia. In 1887 he brought his family to Ohio and settled in Athens County. He was a Methodist, and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. His wife was Rebecca Wolfe, who was born June 20, 1847, and died in 1919. She was greatly beloved throughout this section of Athens County. Her ministrations in behalf of the sick were especially remembered. There was never a night too dark for her to go when called upon to look after those in trouble. John Carlin and wife had a family of three children: George ; Dora, wife of William Cox, a mine superintendent at Nelsonville, Ohio ; and Lizzie, who married John Hill, and both are now deceased. George Carlin acquired his education in the public schools of Camden and Mason City, West Virginia, and was about fourteen years old when the family came to Carbondale, Ohio. He went to work in the mines, digging coal, and both underground and outside has been performing a share of the labor in this mining center for over thirty-five years. He became boss mule driver, and for five years kept the books of the office. Since then he has been assistant superintendent under General Superintendent M. H. Doolittle. Through his work for the mining company has run a thread of constant public spirit, and for three years he was a member of the local school board and repeatedly has been a member of the Waterloo Township Committee of the republican party. Mr. Carlin married Miss Bessie France, daughter of Dr. George and Lucy (Taylor) France. Her father for many years was mine physician at Carbondale. The three children of Mr. and Mrs. Carlin are : Cecil, Alice and Vergene. Cecil is a graduate of the Bliss Business College. RICHARD F. JAUCHIUS, whose working experience has kept him in contact with the coal mining industry since early boyhood, has risen from the ranks to unusual responsibilities, being superintendent of the Tropic Mining Company at Rosefarm, Perry County. The Tropic Mining Company has been one of the largest operators in this district for twenty years. Mr. Jauchius was born near Ashland, in Boyd County, Kentucky, August 13, 1885, son of Richard Thomas and Caroline (Geyer) Jauchius. His parents are still living, his father at sixty-six and his mother at sixty-five. Richard Thomas Jauchius was born in Saxony, Germany, belonged to a family of good social and financial connections, and he had the classical and technical education of a son of well to do German parents. For a time he was in the military service, and in order to escape further military duty and other conditions that did not appeal to him in the fatherland he came to the United States at the age of twenty-four. He was a well qualified civil engineer, and, locating in Boyd County, Kentucky, he rendered important service as an engineer of the mines of the Big Run Coal Company. He also did other work, including duties of a practical miner and coal weigher. He also owned a small farm. Since 1913 his home has been at Deavertown, Ohio. He married in Boyd County, Kentucky, where his wife was born. He is a republican and a member of the Lutheran Church. Their family consisted of the following children: C. H., superintendent at the Big Run Coal Mine at Princess, Boyd County, Kentucky ; Richard F.; Herman L., assistant under his brother Richard at Rosefarm, and superintendent of the local Sunday school and teacher of the Bible Class ; William, 314 - HISTORY OF OHIO who was in training at Camp Sherman during the World war, and is now an employe of the Baltimore & Ohio Railway Company at Newark, Ohio ; Albert, also a Baltimore & Ohio employe at Newark ; George, a farmer near Deavertown; Augusta, wife of Charles Nolta, who is electrician for the Americn Roller Mills at Ashland, Kentucky ; and Margaret, wife of Clarence Kirkwood, of Deavertown. Richard F. Jauchius acquired his common school education at Big Run, Kentucky, and in the years of his practical work as a miner has done much additional study to perfect himself not only in his chosen vocation but in qualifications for good citizenship. Between the age of ten and twelve he went to work' under his father in the mines, helping load coal, and subsequently became a pick miner. From Kentucky he went to the Red Jacket mines in West Virginia, where he operated a coal cutting machine for eight months. He was first employed at Rose-farm, Ohio, by the Tropic Mining Company as operator of a coal cutting machine. Since then he has had successive promotions, first to assistant mining foreman, then mine foreman and since the spring of 1920 has been general superintendent of the operations in that location of Perry County. He is a very capable executive, and is also deeply interested in the welfare of his community, and has sought to improve the schools. In 1907 he married Miss Stella Fay, daughter of C. E. and Emma Wharf. They have four children: Violet, in the eighth grade of the public school; Emma, in the seventh grade ; Arthur, in the fourth grade; and Richard F., Jr. Mr. Jauchius is a deacon in the Church of Christ, is a republican, and is affiliated with the Lodge of Masons at Deavertown. ROLAND BEVAN SMITH is a native of Southern Ohio, and as a young man attending college and teaching he took up life insurance as an occupation for the summer vacation. He found this a congenial field, and he has been identified with the insurance business ever since. He now has a well established real estate, loan and fire insurance agency at Glouster in Athens County. Mr. Smith was born on a farm near Proctorville, in Lawrence County, Ohio, August 10, 1869, son of Stephen P. and Clara M. (Bevan) Smith. His father, who was born in Belmont County, in 1837, became a soldier of the Union, and was in some of the hardest battles of the war. He was a member of a heavy artillery regiment, and participated at Gettysburg and in some of the great battles around Richmond and Petersburg. His death some years later was the direct result of a wound received while in the army. While he was a brave and efficient soldier, he felt that he had done only his duty in fighting to preserve the Union and would never accept a pension, and never even joined the Grand Army of the Republic, having a prejudice against secret orders. However, he kept his home open to his old comrades in arms. He was a man of the highest standing both in his community, and in public affairs. After his return from the army he married and engaged in farming. He was class leader in the United Brethren Church and teacher and superintendent of the Sunday School, was a republican, and a liberal contributor to all worthy, movements in his home community. His widow survives him at the age of seventy-seven and lives at the old homestead in Lawrence County. She was born in Guernsey County. Her companion on the old farm is her youngest child, Stephen P. Smith, Jr. The three older children are : Charles N., a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Zenia, Ohio; Roland B.; and Ella, who married Robert Burton, and they live on a farm near the old Smith homestead in Lawrence County. Roland Bevan Smith, while growing up on the farm attended the common schools in Lawrence County, and was little more than a boy when he was given a certificate to teach. While teaching he paid for his advanced education in the National Normal University at Lebanon, where he graduated with the Bachelor of Science degree in 1891. His last work as a teacher was done as principal of a school in Ashland, Kentucky. He left that to sell life insurance, and in 1904 he came into the Hocking Valley as representative of the Western and Southern Life Insurance Company of Cincinnati. In 1909 he established his permanent home at Glouster, to engaged in the real estate and insurance business. In this community he has taken an active part in civic affairs, and served four years on the school board. He is a republican, a member of the Board of Trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church and superintendent of its Sunday School, and fraternally is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias. In 1897 Mr. Smith married Miss Linnie Brammer, daughter of Edwyn Brammer. Her father was a farmer, fruit grower and stock man in Lawrence County. Three children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Smith : Helen Elizabeth, a graduate of the Glouster High School and the Bliss Business College of Columbus ; Paul Lemar, who after graduating from high school entered Ohio University at Athens, where he continues his studies ; and Dorothy May, attending the public schools of Glouster. FERNAND J. LEBLICQ, M. D., who is a skilled and popular exemplar of the benignant homeopathic school of medicine, is engaged in general practice in the City of Sandusky, whence he went forth into service as a member of the Medical Corps of the United States Army soon after the United States became involved in the World war. There were many reason prompting this action on the part of this successful young physician and surgeon, and not the least of these was his loyalty to the land of his birth, upon which had fallen the heaviest of burdens, disaster and sorrow in connection with the great World conflict. Doctor Leblicq was born in the historic old city of Brussels, Belgium, November 23, 1892, and is a son of John B. and Elvira (Pire) Leblicq, who came to the United States a number of years prior to the time when the World war brought devastation to their old home land. In 1906 John B. Leblicq came with his family to this country and established his residence in Sandusky, Ohio, where he and his wife still maintain their home, he being a carpenter by trade and vocation. The rudimentary education of Doctor Leblicq was gained in his native city, and he was about fourteen years old at the time when he accompanied his parents to the new home in Sandusky. Here he continued his studies in the public schools, including the high school, and in the meanwhile he formulated plans for his future career. His ambition was to prepare himself for the medical profession, and in harmony with this earnest desire he finally entered the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College, in which institution he completed the prescribed course and was graduated as a member of the class of 1913. After he had thus received his degree of Doctor of Medicine he gained valuable clinical experience by serving one year as an interne in the Massachusetts Homeopathic Hospital in the City of Boston, and he then returned to Sandusky, where he has since been engaged in successful general practice, save for the period of his service in the Medical Corps of the United States Army in the World war period. In this corps he received on the 26th of September, 1917, his commission as first lieutenant, and during the greater period of his term HISTORY OF OHIO - 315 of service he was stationed at Camp Greenleaf, Georgia. There he received his honorable discharge December 29, 1918, and he forthwith resumed his professional service in the City of Sandusky. The doctor has membership in the American Medical Association, the American Institute of Homeopathy, the Ohio State Medical Society, the Ohio State Homeopathic Medical Society, the National Society of Urinologists, and the Erie County Medical Society. In January, 1922, Doctor Leblicq initiated his service as county coroner of Erie County, and of this office he has since continued the efficient incumbent. He is past commander of the local post of the American Legion, and is now (1924) serving as its official surgeon. He is a republican in political allegiance, and is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Knights of the Maccabees. June 2, 1917, recorded the marriage of Doctor Leblicq to Miss Edna M. Myer, who was born and reared in Sandusky and who is a daughter of William E. and Rose (Klenk) Myer. The one child of this union is a daughter, Virginia Mary, who was born March 24, 1919. CLARENCE EDWARD MOYER, one of the successful and popular younger members of the bar of Erie County, is engaged in the practice of his profession at the county seat, the City of Sandusky. He was born and reared, in this county and represented the same in overseas service in the World war. Mr. Moyer was born on a farm in Erie County, and the date of his nativity was February 2, 1895. He is a son of George C. and Alice (Watkins) Moyer, the former of whom was born in Pennsylvania and the latter is a native of England, their home being now at Bloomingville, Erie County, where the father is living virtually retired. The public schools of his home county afforded Clarence E. Moyer his early education, and after his graduation from the high school at Castalia he entered Ohio Northern University, at Ada, in the law department of which he was graduated in June, 1920, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. He forthwith gained admission to the Ohio bar, and after having been engaged in practice in the City of Akron one year he returned to his native county, where lie has since maintained his residence and professional headquarters in Sandusky and where he is making a record of successful achievement in his chosen vocation. He is aligned loyally in the ranks of the republican party, has membership in the Congregational Church, and is affiliated with Perry Post No. 83, American Legion. In July, 1917, about four months after the United States had entered the World war, Mr. Moyer enlisted in the Twenty-ninth Ambulance Corps, Fifth Division, United States Army, and in April of the following year he sailed with his command for overseas service. In France he was at the front in the St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne sectors, and he had his full quota of arduous and perilous service before the armistice brought the war to a close. In the line of battle he was severely gassed, and this necessitated his being confined to a hospital five days. After the signing of the armistice he availed himself of the privilege of attending Queen's University in the City of Dublin, Ireland, where he was a student five months. He finally returned to the home land and received his honorable discharge in the autumn of 1919. He then resumed his law studies and in due time, as already noted in this context, he was admitted to the bar and engaged in the active practice of the profession for which he had thoroughly prepared himself. WALTER J. SMITH has secure place in popular confidence and esteem in his native city and county, and this is shown significantly in his incumbency of the office of treasurer of Erie County, he having been elected to this responsible position in November, 1922, and having assumed active administration of the fiscal affairs of the county on the 4th of September, 1923. Mr. Smith was born in the City of Sandusky, Ohio, on the 18th of July, 1878, and is a son of the late Jacob and Margaret (Rivers) Smith, the former a native of Switzerland and the latter of Germany. The parents were young folk at the time of the immigration of the respective families to the United States, the parents of Jacob Smith having established their residence near Attica, Seneca County, Ohio, and the parents of his future wife having located near Fremont, Sandusky County. Jacob Smith followed the trade of cooper during the major part of his active career, and soon after their marriage he and his wife established their home in Sandusky, where they passed the remainder of their lives. Of their family of ten children the 'present treasurer of Erie County is the youngest. The public schools of Sandusky afforded Walter J. Smith his early education, which included the discipline of the high school, and he was fifteen years of age when he found employment in connection with the hotel business in his native city, where his ability and effective service led to his eventual advancement to the position of manager of the West House. After retaining this position twelve years he engaged in the retail cigar and tobacco business, of which he continued one of the prominent and popular exponents in his native city until his election to his present office, that of county treasurer. He has ever been a loyal advocate and supporter of the cause of the republican party. He is an active member of the Sandusky Chamber of Commerce, and is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Loyal Order of Moose, the Knights of the Maccabees, and the Fraternal Order of Eagles, in the local aerie of which last mentioned organization he served seven years as a trustee. July 26, 1899, recorded the marriage of Mr. Smith and Miss Martha C. Gagen, who likewise was born and reared in Sandusky and who is a daughter of Patrick and Mary (Henry) Gagen, natives of Ireland. At the parental home still remain (1924) the four children of Mr. and Mrs. Smith, and all are daughters, namely : Grace M., Ruth M., Geraldine M. and Elizabeth M. T. D. PRICE, of New Lexington, judge of the Court of Common Pleas since 1914, has made a distinguished record as a lawyer and jurist. His father was a coal miner, and as a boy Judge Price worked in the mines. His persistent ambition has carried him over many obstacles to a. place of high responsibility and honor. He was born at Pomeroy, Meigs County, Ohio, June 30, 1872, son of Thomas and Mary Curtis Price. His grandfather, Thomas Price, represented the fourth generation of this family to live on the same piece of land in Wales. In 1850 he came to the United States, bringing his family, and lived for a time at Pittsburgh before locating at Pomeroy in Meigs County, Ohio. Thomas Price, Jr., father of Judge Price, was eleven years of age when brought to the United States, and as a youth entered the coal mines. In 1873 he removed from Pomeroy to Perry County. He afterward lived in Athens County for six years, and, returning to Perry County, located at New Straitsville, where he died January 19, 1916, at the age of seventy-seven. His wife, Mary Curtis Price, died November 26, 1889, at the age of thirty-nine. Thomas Price was a Union soldier, serving throughout the Civil war with the Thirteenth West Virginia 316 - HISTORY OF. OHIO Infantry, and was a participant in twenty-seven battles and engagements, many of them in the Valley of the Shenandoah. He fought at Fisher 's Hill, and was with Sheridan in the battle of Winchester, where he was wounded. He was a member of the Union Veteran’s Union. Self educated, he was a man of solid intelligence and integrity, and served as township trustee for many years, as a republican, at New Straitsville. Thomas Price and wife had a family of eight children. One son, George, died in infancy. A son, Albert, after graduating from high school entered the oil fields as a driller, and while very successful, died. on the 29th day of May, 1916, at the early age of twenty-eight. Charlotte Price Baker and Janet Price Wise after graduating from high school taught school for a number of years, married well and are now living on adjoining farms in Licking County, Ohio. Elizabeth Price after completing a college course obtained a life certificate, and has since been an instructor in the public schools of the City of Akron, Ohio. Ann Price married Edward Gibson. Her husband has been dead some ten years. They had three sons. The oldest, Edward Gibson, left college and volunteered in the United States army to serve on the Mexican border. He went from there to Germany as first sergeant in the Rainbow Division, served during the war, and was discharged with the rank of second lieutenant for efficient service rendered. The other two boys are in medical college. Dr. Joseph Price, a physician and surgeon, is now and has been chief of staff at Mercy Hospital of Columbus for the past fifteen years. At the time the United States entered the World war he gave up his business, offered. his services to the United States Government, and on investigation of his qualifications by the surgeon general's office at Washington was inducted into the service, with the rank of major and assigned to a base hospital which consisted of 5,000 beds, and served the government until the close of the war. Judge Price graduated from New Straitsville High School when sixteen years of age. Before and after leaving school he worked in the mines with his father, and rose to the responsibility of superin- tendent of mines for the Columbus-Hocking Coal & Iron Company. He also taught school and earned money for his higher education. In 1896 he entered the law department of Ohio State University, was graduated in 1899, and at once began practice at Orooksville, Perry County. In December, 1900, he removed to New Lexington. He was admitted to the bar June 7, 1899, and to the bar of the United States District Court August 12, 1899, and is a, member of the Ohio and American Bar associations. He served as a delegate from Perry County to the Constitutional Convention of 1912, rendering important service as a member of the legislative and executive committees, and the committee on amendments to the constitution. 1912, he was elected Common Pleas judge of the First Sub-Division of the Seventh District, and entered upon his first term on the bench July 6, 1914. He was reelected in November, 1918, receiving sixty-seven percent of the total votes cast for his office, carrying his home county, normally republican, by 1,800 votes. Judge Price has always been a democrat. He was a candidate on the non-partisan judicial ballot in November, 1922, for judge of the Supreme Court. As a judge he has been noted for his uprightness and integrity, and has handled with dispatch a remarkable volume of business, including upwards of 2,000 cases in Perry County, but one case being reversed, and cases in eighteen other Ohio counties, including Cuyahoga at Cleveland. In all these cases there have been few appeals and very few decisions reversed or changed on appeal. Of his character as a lawyer and man, Hon. John A. Shouck, when judge of the Ohio Supreme Court, a republican in politics, said: "Among those who know him well, Hon. T. D. Price is highly esteemed for his fine sense of honor, his devotion to duty, and his unfailing moral courage. He may have been more than unusually endowed by nature in these respects, but they are traits which would naturally be developed by his well sustained and successful struggle to advance from the conditions of his youth to his recognized position as an able lawyer devoted to technical standards of fidelity to clients, courts and friends." In September, 1902, Judge Price married Minnie Beekman, daughter of Dr. J. J. Beekman, of Columbus. They have two children, Thomas D. and Nelle. Thomas D., who was a member of the Ohio National Guard, was a fine marksman, and has a pronounced mechanical turn of mind. He studied civil engineering at the Ohio State University, and is now a member of the Civil Engineer Corps of the Utah Copper Mines, Bingham Canyon, Utah. Judge Price is affiliated with the Masonic Order, the Red Men, Knights of Pythias, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and the Phi Delta Phi college fraternity. He was a member of the advisory board for selective service during the World war, and head of the local coal commission and active in the Red Cross and other campaigns, and was honorably discharged from service by the War Department March 31, 1919. CHARLES H. FITZER. Constant study and earnest desire to measure up to all the opportunities presented him have been the chief characteristic in the interesting career of Charles H. Fitzer, present superintendent of the Luhrig Coal Mine in Athens County. Mr. Fitzer is a practical miner, having started mining when a boy, but has also had experience in a wide range of mechanical operations, including electricity and railroading. The Luhrig Coal Mine is the property of the Luhrig Collieries Company, but is operated by the New York Coal Company. Mr. Fitzer has been superintendent here for five years. He was born on his father 's farm at Bailey Run, near Buchtel, Athens County, April 16, 1877, son of Charles and Phoebe (Bescoe) Fitzer. His mother died in 1916, at the age of sixty-two. Charles Fitzer, Sr., who lives with a daughter at Buchtel, was born in Lawrence County, Ohio, and when a young man moved to Athens County. He opened a little mine on his farm, a wagon mine, selling his product to the home locality. He was one of the early men engaged in coal production in Athens County. Throughout his life he has been strongly attached to his family and home. He served many years on the school board, and was formerly a member of the Utah Ridge Baptist Church. He became the father of eleven children. Of the four sons, Charles H. was the oldest. George is in the mines at Milfield in Athens County. William, who was trained as a soldier for the World war at Camp Sherman, went overseas and while on the battle lines in France was wounded and subsequently died of a cerebral hemorrhage. The son Joseph was a miner and died at Bailey Run. Charles H. Fitzer was educated in the Bailey Run country school, but being the oldest son left school when twelve years of age to become his father 's helper. He dug coal with a pick, and for several years contributed to the support of the family. Later he went to work in the Hayden Rolling Mills in Columbus, and was rapidly advanced so that he was working on the rolls, one of the highest paid positions in the steel industry. Following that he spent a year in Chicago as an employe of the Commonwealth-Edison HISTORY OF OHIO - 317 Electric Company, and there learned a great deal about electricity. His next job was that of locomotive fireman with the Chicago & Western Indiana Railway, with which he spent fourteen months. All these experiences were in the nature of an all around technical education, preparing him for better training. Returning to Ohio, Mr. Fitzer became a machine worker in the Circle Hill Mine, and was then in the New York Coal Company's Mine No. 36, near Buchtel, as mine boss. He was next superintendent of the Cawthorn Mine on Monday Creek, and left there in 1918 to become superintendent of the Luhrig Coal Mine. During the mining strike Mr. Fitzer spent nine weeks at the Firestone Rubber Plant in Akron, and, as in all other places, he made his work a study and when he left he had charge of a department. He has carried on his education through books as well as by practice, and has taken a complete course in dynamo engines with the International Correspondence School, and is now finishing a course in mining. Mr. Fitzer is a liberal republican, and is a member of the Masonic Order and the Grotto. In 1905 he married Miss Marie Rutledge, daughter of Thomas -Rutledge, of Athens County. They have two children, Miss Enid, attending the Nelsonville High School, and Thomas, in the home school. OZRO D. EDDY. When death came to him in September, 1920, in his seventy-second year, Ozro D. Eddy, of Glouster, Athens County, had completed a record of performance of duties to himself, his family and neighbors that marks a complete fullness of life and work. He was born at Vincent, in Washington County, Ohio, November 14, 1848, and passed away September 18, 1920. His father, Thomas P. Eddy, moved the family from Washington County to Athens County and later to Morgan County. Ozro D. Eddy was survived by a brother, 0. E. Eddy, of Columbus, and two sisters, Angelina Smith and Cordelia Calentine. The late Mr. Eddy grew up on a farm in Morgan County. He attended the common schools, and was only a boy in years when it became necessary for him to make his own way in the world. The first money he ever earned, a silver dollar, was made carrying split shingles from the ground to the roof of a building. He learned the carpenter 's trade, also became expert in cabinet work, and, as was the custom of that day, he frequently made coffins and acted as undertaker. He also had a farm. When he left his farm he moved to Burr Oak and became an employe of the Trimble Mill Company. Subsequently he became one of the partners in this corporation, having charge of the lumber camp and the saw mills. His partners had purchased two sections of virgin timber land on credit, and he helped work this out. At Burr Oak he was postmaster and station agent for twenty years. The Trimble Mill Company established stores at Trimble and Glouster, under the name of the Sun- day Creek Hardware Company. This company carried on an extensive trade in hardware, furniture. vehicles and also had an undertaking department. On his removal to Glouster Mr. Eddy took charge of the Glouster store in September, 1903. Subsequently the Sunday Creek Hardware Company was dissolved. At that time Mr. Eddy took over the hardware department of the business,. while another partner, Mr. Andrews, acquired the vehicle, harness and undertaking branch. The Trimble establishment was retained by Mr. S. S. Danford, while the remaining partner, F. M. Koons, took his share in cash. Following this Mr. Eddy continued in the hardware business at Glouster, and at the time of his death was also president of the Glouster State Bank. He was a citizen of honor and integrity, recognized as a leader in civic and business affairs. was a just administrator and supported liberally everything worthy of support. In all his relations he was prompt in duty, earnest in action and pure in motive. He served as a member of the City Council and Board of Public Affairs, was a member of the Church of Christ from 1906 until his death, and as a young man was made a Mason at Bishopville, and was also affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of the Golden Eagle. He was a republican in politics. On September 5, 1889, Mr. Eddy married Miss Mary Agnes Shell, of Glouster. The three sons of their marriage, Emmett J., Everett Dwight and Errett R., continue the name and are young men of great energy and capacity, capable of carrying on their father's business interests and continuing his record of worthy performance. Emmett was born on March 13, 1891; Everett D., on April 11, 1894; and Errett on September 16, 1900. Emmett began his education in the schools at Burr Oak, while the two younger sons attended school at Glouster, and all finished a high school course. Emmett took a course in the Bliss Business College at Columbus, and Errett is now attending business college at Columbus. Emmett is a Master Mason, while Everett is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, and Errett is affiliated with the Masons, Knights of Pythias and Moose. Emmett Eddy, in addition to his active work with his father 's business, is a director of the Glouster State Bank and is president of the Glouster Country Club. Emmett J. Eddy married Miss Gaskella, daughter of Joseph Gaskella, of Glouster. They have one son, Robert B. Everett D. Eddy married Lucy B. Bailey, a daughter of D. S. Bailey, of Glouster. She passed away in August, 1921, leaving one son, Dwight H. KEDGWIN H. POWELL, chief of police of Youngstown, has been well known in that city for many years. He was in the railway service for a long time, in different capacities, and is also well qualified for the profession of law. Mr. Powell was born in Youngstown, February 19, 1892, son of David J. and Emma S. (Head) Powell. His father was born in Wales, and his mother in Wethersfield, Ohio. David J. Powell was a steel worker, and died in 1919. His widow resides in Youngstown. Kedgwin H. Powell acquired his education in intervals of employment, earning his own living. He attended public schools, night high schools, and studied in night classes in law in the Young Men's Christian Association. When about fifteen years of age he became a yard clerk with the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railway, later a brakeman, conductor and yardmaster, and continued in the railway service until 1919. In that year he became an employe of the Trumbull Steel Mills at Warren, but a year and one-half later resigned to finish his law education in the offices of Judge Lyon. In January, 1923, he went with Clyde Osborne, and January 1, 1924, took the office of chief of police. Chief Powell married, in December, 1912, Miss Irene Quartier, a native of Youngstown, and daughter of William and Sadie (Barlow) Quartier. Her father was born in France and her mother in England. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Powell are Roberta M., Harry Q. and David W. The family attend the Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Powell is a republican, and is affiliated with Lodge No. 295 of the Elks at Warren; with Argus Lodge No. 545, Free and Accepted Masons ; and with Robert E. Johnson Lodge, Knights of Pythias. JOHN W. ROW is a native of Ottawa, and has been actively identified with the business life of that 318 - HISTORY OF OHIO northwest Ohio town for nearly forty years. He is best known as manager of the Northwest Ohio Light Company at Ottawa. He was born in Ottawa October 28, 1864, son of Nelson and Eliza (Dean) Row. Nelson Row was born in Southern Ohio, a son of Michael and grandson of John Row, who was born in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, in 1794. Nelson Row was brought to Ottawa, Ohio, in 1832, and spent the rest of his life there. His wife was a native of Seneca County, Ohio. He was in the elevator business for many years at Ottawa, was a republican, and a member of the United Brethren Church. There are three living children: Charles, now living retired at Toledo, formerly connected with the Brown, Eager, Hull & Company; John W.; and Emma, wife of Ed D. Pope. John W. Row was educated in the public schools of Ottawa, attended high school and then entered upon his business career. In 1906 he became manager of the Ottawa Light Company, and has been largely responsible for the efficiency of that public utility. Mr. Row married Clara Budenbaugh. They have one daughter, Lucille, born in 1902, a graduate of the high school and the Bowling Green State Normal College. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Row fraternally is a member of the Ottawa Lodge of Masons, the Royal Arch Chapter and Council and in politics is a republican. WILLIAM H. BROWN is a veteran coal miner, and though only forty-five years of age he has filled almost every possible position in the coal mining industry. His home and business headquarters are at Glouster in Athens County, and he is superintendent of a number of mines in Hocking Valley for the Ohio Collieries Company. Mr. Brown was born at Mount Vernon, Ohio July 14, 1879, son of Bernard and Charlotte (Rigger) Brown. His father spent his active career as a steel mill worker, most of his time at Youngstown, Ohio, and Cambria, Pennsylvania. He reached the responsibility of assistant general superintendent. He now lives retired in Somerset, Pennsylvania. One other son is B. F. Brown, a railroad engineer of the Baltimore and Ohio, living at 'Confluence, Pennsylvania. William H. Brown acquired his early education in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, but his technical education has been a matter of study and acquisition every succeeding year. He took a practical course in mining at Johnstown, Pennsylvania, and also courses with the International Correspondence School. His first experience in mining was as a trapper boy in one of the mines owned by H. C. Frick, near Scottdale, Pennsylvania. He worked in mines at Latrobe and Johnstown, was mine boss at Kinnelton, Pennsylvania, was foreman at Jerome, Somerset County, and at Bando, Pennsylvania, and was advanced to general foreman and then to superintendent and for ten years had charge of two mines for the United Coal Company. The same company transferred him to Wengel, Pennsylvania, and for one year he was superintendent of the Isabella Mine at Brownsville, and finally served as an instructor for the United Coal Company. Leaving Pennsylvania, he came to Athens County, Ohio, at first as superintendent of mines on Sugar Creek, and he now has charge of eleven mines of the Ohio Collieries Company, two on Sugar Creek, five at Glouster, three near Corning, and one at Rendville. In 1900 Mr. Brown married Miss Janie Cole, of Tarrs Station, Pennsylvania. They have a family of seven sons and two daughters. Mrs. Brown is a Methodist, while Mr. Brown is a member of the United Brethren Church. He is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. All his life he has been very athletic, and in younger days he played on the base ball teams and foot ball teams and is a swimmer and boxer. In politics he has cast his vote as a republican. JOHN E. TANNEY is not only one of the representative younger members of the bar of his native City of Sandusky, judicial center of Erie County, but also was one of the first young men of this city to enter the United States Army when the nation became actively involved in the World war. He had full measure of active service on the battle front in France, and made a record that shall ever reflect honor upon him as a gallant young patriot. John Emmet Tanney was born in Sandusky, on the 21st of August, 1892, and is a son of John Graham Tanney and Caroline (Cline) Tanney, the former of whom was born at Newcastle, England, and the latter in Sandusky, Ohio, where she still maintains her home. John G. Tanney was a young man when he established his residence in Sandusky, where his marriage was solemnized and where his death occurred July 6, 1923, he having given the most of his active career in this city to service as fireman of stationary engines. After completing his studies in the high school John E. Tanney entered the law department of the Ohio State University. He took the bar examination and was admitted to practice in January, 1917. He initiated the practice of law in Sandusky, but soon responded to the call of higher duty when the United States entered the World war. On the 7th of November, 1917, he enlisted in the Seventeenth Field Artillery of the United States Regular Army, and was at first stationed at Camp Robinson, Wisconsin. On the 14th of December, 1917, he sailed with his command from the port of New York City for the stage of conflict, and he landed in Brest, France, on the last day of that month. That he was at the forefront in connection with the operations of the American Expeditionary Forces needs no further voucher than the statement that he was with his battery in the Verdun sector, in the battling at Chateau Thierry, and the engagements at Soisson, Toul, St. Mihiel and Champagne, besides having been in service with the allied Army of Occupation in Germany after the armistice brought active hostilities to a close. He finally embarked for the home voyage, and on the 20th of August, 1919, he received his honorable discharge. He returned to Sandusky, and here he has since been engaged in the practice of his profession, as a member of the law firm of Tanney & Webster. The political allegiance of Mr. Tanney is given to the democratic party. He is a popular and influential member of the local post of the American Legion, and has served as chairman of its Americanization committee, and he is affiliated also with the Knights of Columbus, the Loyal Order of Moose and the Fraternal Order of Eagles. He is a member of Sts. Peter and Paul Catholic Church of Sandusky. On the 4th of October, 1915, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Tanney and Miss Olive Turpin, who was born in Geauga County, Ohio, and whose death occurred February 7, 1917. AUGUST H. KLOTZ owns and controls one of the important industrial enterprises in his native city of Sandusky, where he conducts a prosperous business in the operating of a general machine shop, in connection with which a foundry department is maintained. He here specializes in the manufacturing of various lines of machinery and as a jobber in the handling of ax-handle machinery, wine and grape-juice machinery and machinery used in the polishing of cutlery. Mr. Klotz was born in Sandusky, on the let of HISTORY OF OHIO - 319 November 1863, and is a son of G. August Klotz and Sophia (Miller) Klotz, both natives of Germany. where the former was born in Saxony and the latter in Baden, their marriage having been solemnized in Sandusky, Ohio, where G. August Klotz established his residence in the year 1850, his wife having come here about the same time with her parents, the late Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence Miller. G. August Klotz became one of the substantial business men and highly respected citizens of Sandusky, where for many years he conducted a machine shop and foundry, and where he continued to maintain his homq until his death in 1907, at the venerable age of eighty-seven years, his wife having passed away in 1895. In the public schools of his native city August H. Klotz continued his studies until he had duly profited by the curriculum of the high school, and at the age of seventeen years he initiated his three years' apprenticeship to the machinist 's trade under the able direction of his father. To advance his technical knowledge and skill he completed a course in the Rose Polytechnic Institute in the City of Terre Haute, Indiana, and in this institution he was graduated as a member of the class of 1889. For six years thereafter he was employed in the offices of George Feick & Company at Sandusky, and he then purchased the machine shop in the ownership of which his father had been an interested principal. In this connection he has since continued his progressive operations, through which he has gained distinctive success, the while his policies of management and service have made his industrial enterprise one of no minor scope and importance. He is an active member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and also of the Cleveland Engineering Society. The political allegiance of Mr. Klotz is given to the republican party. In the Masonic fraternity he has received the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite and is a Noble of the Mystic Shrine, also a member of Al Koran Temple of Cleveland, Ohio. He has membership in the United Commercial Trayelers, the local Rotary Club, the Plum Brook Country Club (of which he is a charter member), the Sandusky Yacht Club and the Sunyendeand Club. The year 1907 recorded the marriage of Mr. Klotz and Miss Barbara Biemiller, who likewise was born and reared in Sandusky and who is a daughter of Andrew B. and Louise (Veith) Biemiller. Mr. and Mrs. Klotz have no children. AUSTIN M. FRAME, M. D. The community of Coolville in Athens County has been singularly fortunate in having the service continuously for over forty year of an able physician and surgeon, Dr. Austin M. Frame. He has been in practice there since graduating from medical college in 1880. Coolville is his native community, and he has spent practically all his life there. He was born August 31, 1855. He comes by his profession naturally, since three of his brothers became physicians. His parents were John and Mary (Nessmith) Frame, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of Maine. John Frame was a tailor by trade. He settled at Coolville in 1833, and in subsequent years became one of the solid business men and citizens of Southeastern. Ohio. He was a stock dealer, a merchant and cattle buyer, and his varied interests extended over a large territory. At one time he operated a packing house at Coolville, slaughtering 3,000 hogs yearly. In the early days he transported much of his live stock and cured meat down the Ohio River on fiat boats. His sons inherited much of his successful initiative and energy. He was a Jeffersonian democrat in politics. There were ten children, nine sons and one daughter : The first born, A. J. Frame, was county treasurer and later auditor of Athens County. A. P., deceased, was a merchant of Coolville. The son, Dr. Adolphus B., was a Union soldier, going into the service as second lieutenant of Company I of the One Hundred and Sixteenth Ohio Volunteers, and was promoted, coming out as adjutant. He is a graduate of the Ohio Medical College of Cincinnati, and for fifty-five years practiced medicine in Athens County and at Piqua, Ohio, where he is now living at the age of eighty-four. The only daughter, Addie, is the wife of William Mitchell, of Parkersburg, West Virginia. A. T. Frame was for many years in the government service in Washington, and died at Parkersburg, West Virginia. Addison 0. was formerly in the grain business at Coolville, and is now retired. Dr. John A. Frame was a graduate of the Ohio Medical College and practiced in Athens and in Columbus until his death in 1910. Dr. Alfred N. was a graduate of the Indiana Medical College, and is now practicing at Parkersburg, West Virginia. A. R. Frame was a telegraph operator and was accidentally killed at Belpre, Ohio. Austin M. Frame, the ninth child, grew up at Coolville, attending the local schools, and had some business training as clerk in his father 's store. For a time he was an employe of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad at Parkersburg. He began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. G. W. Harman. This office he later purchased, and it is still used by him. In 1880 he graduated and received a diploma from the Central Medical College of Indianapolis, and he at once returned home and offered his professional abilities to people among whom he had grown up. He has been a member of the United States Pension Board for twenty-four years. He is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias and the Masonic Order, and both his sons became Masons. He served two years as worshipful master of his home lodge and for twenty-one years as secretary. Doctor Frame married Della E. Hosom, daughter of B. A. Hosom, of Coolville. The two sons of their marriage were Howard M. and Adolphus R. Howard was educated at Marietta College and the Ohio University, worked in the local bank at Coolville and in Stedman & Company 's office at Athens, and soon after America entered the World war he volunteered and was assigned duty in the Ordnance Department. He was trained at Valparaiso, Indiana, and at Camp Hancock, Georgia, and was then sent overseas, but died of the influenza the day before the ship landed in France. The second son, Adolphus, was in training for military service in the Ohio University when the armistice was signed. He is now teller of the Bank of Athens. WILLIAM A. HIMEBAUGH, a recognized leader for many years in business affairs at Coshocton, and identified with the organizing and directing of some of the city 's most important enterprises, is president of the Home Building, Loan & Savings Company. He was born in the City of Coshocton, May 28, 1857, a son of William and Sarah (Alexander) Himebaugh. Mr. Himebaugh comes of an old and sturdy pioneer family of Pennsylvania. His grandfather, Peter Himebaugh, was born and reared in Lancaster County, that state, and after his marriage came to Ohio and settled! near Cadiz, in Harrison County. Here his two sons, William and Peter, were born and reared, moved to Coshocton County later, and both married daughters of John Alexander, a native of Ireland and a pioneer in Coshocton County. Milton Himebaugh, a brother of the subject of this sketch, enlisted in the Union Army for service in the Civil war, and was killed at the Siege of Vicksburg. William Himebaugh, father of William A., was at first a school teacher in Coshocton County, but later moved to a tract of land containing eighty acres situated near Marietta, a gift from his father, but 320 - HISTORY OF OHIO a few years after his marriage to Sarah Alexander he returned to Coshocton County and settled on a farm near Chili. In 1854 he was elected county auditor, and served in this office two terms, then bought and moved to the farm of his father-in-law, but subsequently bought another farm, near Lewisville, on which he resided until he retired from farm life. For many years afterward he was a prominent and highly esteemed citizen of Coshocton, where his death took place in 1908, at the age of ninety-one years, his wife having passed away at the age of seventy-seven. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, while he belonged to the Universalist Church. William A. Himebaugh spent his boyhood on his father 's farms and has never lost a certain amount of interest and pleasure in farm pursuits, although since early manhood his home has been in a city and his mind largely engrossed with big affairs. After completing his common school course he spent three years of study in Mount Union College, and then as a student entered the law office of Nicholas & James at Coshocton, and was admitted to the bar in 1886. He engaged in the practice of law at Coshocton until 1901, when he more or less retired from the profession in order to give his entire time and attention to business interests in connection with the modern light and power facilities at Coshocton. For a number of years he was an important factor in these enterprises, a leader in the Coshocton Light & Heat Company and others, one of these developing interests being in relation to the water power on the Wolholding River near Roscoe, constructing a hydro-electric plant for producing electricity and steam. In 1903 he was one of the organizers of the Coshocton Glove Company, with which he was actively connected until 1923, when he disposed of all his interests in this concern with the exception of a block of preferred stock. In 1887 the Home Building, Loan & Savings Company at Coshocton was organized, with which he has been identified ever since, for many years as secretary and for several years past as president. He has been a member of the directing board of the Coshocton National Bank since its organization in 1897, and for a protracted period has been president of the Coshocton Board of Trade. His large farm interests near Coshocton and elsewhere may entitle him to be also called one of the county 's most substantial and progressive agriculturists. Mr. Himebaugh married, in 1886, Miss Emma Markley, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. David Markley, of Lewisville, Coshocton County, and they have one son, William M., who is a graduate of Andover and Yale universities. In political sentiment Mr. Himebaugh has always been loyal to the principles of the republican party, but has never sought or held political office, but his life has largely been a public one, and the able way in which he has handled responsibilities and signally helped to push forward the car of progress during a period of important development at Coshocton, has won him the universal confidence of his fellow citizens in his business ability, and the personal esteem that is given a man of worth. ANDREW F. HOLMES, M. D. While his professional work is now confined to office practice, Doctor Holmes for a great many years performed all the varied routine of a busy country practitioner in a community around Albany in Athens County. Doctor Holmes is one of the conspicuous men of affairs in that section of Ohio. He has had a number of business interests, and has been a leader in the republican party for many years. He was born July 20, 1860, in Knox Township, Vinton County, Ohio, but within six miles of his present home place. His parents were then living in Vinton County temporarily while his father was working up a tract of timberland. This timber was rafted down the stream to mills and the market. His parents were Andrew H. and Salome J. (Kerr) Holmes. The Holmes family has an interesting genealogy. There was a John Holmes, who was a soldier under the banner of King William, Prince of Orange, at the battle of Boyne, and as a reward for service was granted a tract of confiscated land near Belfast, Ireland. He had a son, James, and a grandson, John. The grandson, John, came to America and was with the colonists in the war for independence under Washington. His home was within eight miles of Philadelphia, and he participated in the battle of Brandywine near that city. His son James, great-grandfather of Doctor Holmes, was a pioneer settler in Belmont County, Ohio, and later moved to Waterloo Township of Athens County. He was a captain in the War of 1812. James Holmes, grandfather of Doctor Holmes, was born in Wellsborough, West Virginia, and was actively identified with the early commerce of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. He was a trader, and sent many consignments' of goods down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans by flat boat. In later years he was a pump manufacturer. He served many years as township trustee, was a liberal thinker and a good, upright citizen. He became a member of the republican party when it was organized, and that has been the politics of the Holmes family ever since. Andrew H. Holmes, father of Doctor Holmes, was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, and during his active life lie lived in a number of different localities and was engaged in different pursuits. Before the war he was a merchant at Albany and at Guysville in Athens County, and after the war was in Hebbardsville, Athens County, Ohio, and Monroe, Highland County, Ohio, and from 1867 to 1873 lived near Pana iv Christian County, Illinois. Later he moved to a farm at Bluff City in Harper County, Kansas, where he died of typhoid fever in 1889, at the age of fifty-eight. After his death the family returned to Athens County, Ohio. He was an official member of the Baptist Church. Andrew H. Holmes married Salome J. Kerr, who was born at Carmichael, Pennsylvania, in 1836, daughter of David and Alice (Crawford) Kerr. Through her mother she was a descendant of Col. William Crawford, one of the distinguished figures in the early Indian campaigns in the Northwest Territory that is now Ohio. A son of Col. William Crawford became government surveyor and surveyed lands along the Monongahela River. In early life he was also an Indian scout. He had a comrade named John Lynn, who was killed by the Indians, and since then many of the Crawfords have borne the name of Lynn, due to the fact that an agreement was made between the son of Colonel Crawford and John Lynn that whichever should be killed the other should name his first born son in his honor. Dr. Andrew F. Holmes was the third in a family of nine children, five of whom are now living. His brother James H. has been prominent in the hotel business, and was formerly manager of the Hotel Green and opened the Hotel U. S. Grant at San Diego, California, and now lives at Pasadena ; Dr. Andrew F. is the next son. Lorna L. lives at Columbus, Ohio ; Phoebe is the wife of Daniel Jerman, of Columbus; Everett P. lives in Los Angeles; Costelo was a merchant, and died at Albany. Andrew F. Holmes was seven years of age when the family moved out to Illinois, and he acquired most of his early education in a country school near Pana, that state. He also attended Atwood Institute, Albany, Ohio, and as a boy he worked in his father 's HISTORY OF OHIO - 321 store. He finished his literary education in the Atwood Institute at Albany, Ohio, and began the study of medicine in Doctor Tinker 's office and later in the office of Dr. Eber DeSteiger. In 1883 Doctor Holmes graduated from the Medical College of Ohio, and he practiced at Guysville in Athens County and at Rio Grande until 1885, when he located at his old home town of Albany. In 1899 he attended the Post Graduate School of Medicine at New York. He had a very extensive general practice for many years, but is now largely retired, spending his winters in California or Florida, and doing office consultation work when at home. Doctor Holmes for many years has been active in the republican party, serving on the county and district executive committees, and has been a delegate to county, district and state conventions. He has been a member of the local school board. Doctor Holmes is president of the Holmes Telephone Company, having held that post since the business was started. For four years he was on the medical staff of the State Hospital at Athens and Toledo, Ohio, and during part of that time was acting superintendent of Athens State Hospital. April 20, 1881, Doctor Holmes married Miss Elizabeth Jane Wilson, daughter of Alpheus Wilson, who was an extensive land owner, stock dealer and stock shipper. In early days he was a stock drover, taking his cattle from Eastern Ohio over the national road to Baltimore. Doctor and Mrs. Holmes had one son, Alpheus, who was born in 1885 and died in 1907. Doctor Holmes is a past master of the Albany Lodge of Masons, is a member of the Knight Templar Commandery at Athens, and has filled chairs in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows Lodge, is a member of the Encampment Degree and is also affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. WILLIAM PAUL JOHNSON, M. D., a well known physician at Woodsfield, is former county health commissioner of Monroe County. He has practiced medicine for twelve years, and is a member of an old and honored family of Guernsey County. He was born on a farm near Lore City, in Guernsey County, February 27, 1889. His grandfather, William B. Johnson, was a pioneer and large land owner in that section of Ohio. His father, John Alexander Johnson, was born at Cumberland, Ohio, and has spent his life there as a farmer, stock man and drover. He is a Presbyterian, and a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. John A. Johnson married Anna M. Inskeep, who was born at Gibson Station in Guernsey County. Doctor Johnson is a direct descendant of the same family of the famous Scotch poet, Robert Burns. The oldest of four children, during his boyhood on a farm he determined upon a medical career as his professional work. He was educated in the country schools, graduated from the Cambridge High School in 1908, and in 1912 received his Doctor of Medicine degree from Starling Medical College at Columbus. He is a member of the Alpha Mu Pi Omega medical fraternity, and during his senior year in medical school served as assistant physician at the Ohio State Penitentiary. He began practice in 1912 at Pleasant City, in 1913 located at Byesville, and in 1916 at Miltonsburg in Monroe County. Doctor Johnson in August, 1919, was made Monroe County health commissioner. Since January 1, 1924, he has been engaged in a general medical and surgical practice at Woodsfield, and is affiliated at present with the State Department of Health. He is a member of the Monroe County, Ohio State and American Medical associations. Doctor Johnson is an independent thinker in politics, and takes keen interest in civic and public affairs. He is a radio fan, is a member of the Masonic Club and Cambridge Lodge No. 66 of the Masonic Order, Barnesville Chapter No. 69, Royal Arch Masons, Barnesville Council No. 97, Royal and Select Masters, and Hope Commandery No. 26, Knights Templar, at Bellaire. He married at Columbus in 1911 Miss Florence Estelle Stimmell. She was born and reared at Columbus, daughter of the late Charles Letroub Stimmell. The three children of Doctor and Mrs. Johnson are Charlotte, Philip and Lucille. HOWARD EVERTON BUKER was born in. Muskingum County, where his grandfather was a pioneer, was educated for the law, and practiced that profession for a number of years at Zanesville. For twenty years he has given his talents and time to the Equitable Savings Company, of which he is secretary. Mr. Buker was born on a farm in Monroe Township in Muskingum County, September 17, 1870. His grandfather, Alpha Buker, was a native of Maine, came to Ohio in 1818, and the farm on which he settled was one of the few then taken up in Muskingum County. There was only one house between his and the town of Zanesville. Later in addition to farming he operated a hotel at Otsego. Elijah Francis Buker, father of Howard E., was born on the farm in Monroe Township, and has accumulated a competence by farming and stock raising. He is now living retired at Adamsville. He was active in township affairs, is a republican, a member of the Lutheran Church, a Mason and a Knight of Pythias. He married Hannah J. Gaumer, who was born in Muskingum County, and was reared in Salem Township. One of two children, Howard Everton Buker had the home farm in Monroe Township as his early environment, and while there he attended the public schools. For a time he was a teacher in the country districts. Largely by his own efforts he acquired a liberal education, attending Adrian College in Michigan and Muskingum College at New Concord, Ohio. His law studies were begun under the direction of the late Frank H. Southard, one of Zanesville's most prominent lawyers, and he graduated with his degree in law from the Cincinnati Law College in 1892. Admitted to the bar in June of the same year, Mr. Buker carried on a successful general practice at Zanesville until 1907. In 1905 he had become secretary and attorney for the Equitable Savings Company, one of the strongest financial concerns of the city, and since 1907 his entire time has been given to that institution. He is secretary-treasurer of the Swingle Oil Company and the Fritz Oil and Gas Company, both operating in Muskingum County, and is secretary-treasurer of the Putnam Oil and Gas Company, operating in Noble County. Mr. Buker while a practicing attorney won a favorable reputation as a forceful speaker and a man possessing the courage of his convictions. He is a republican in politics, and a number of years ago was the progressive party candidate representing the Fifteenth Ohio District in Congress. He helped organize the Zanesville Kiwanis Club and is president of that organization. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, is president of the Young Men 's Bible Class, and during the World war he had charge of all the local Red Cross drives and was active in all the Liberty Loan campaigns. He is a member of the Muskingum County Bar Association, and has served as a director of the Zanesville Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Buker 's first wife was Miss Viola Castor, who was born and reared in Muskingum County. She died in 1.917, the mother of two children, Herbert D. and Helen M. Herbert is now connected with the Timken Roller Bearing Company at Canton, Ohio, is married and has a daughter, Anna Hawkins. Mr. Buker after 322 - HISTORY OF OHIO the death of his first wife married Vera Clossman, of Zanesville, daughter of Charles T. Clossman, of the Crystal Advertising Company of Zanesville. EGBERT HIRAM MACK, editor of The Sandusky Register, and postmaster of Sandusky, was born at Sandusky, June 14, 1881, a son of John Talman and Alice (Davenport) Mack, natives of Rochester, New York, and Ross County, Ohio, respectively. The paternal grandparents were Isaac Foster and Clarissa (Beebe) Mack. For some year Isaac Foster Mack was superintendent of the public schools of Rochester, New York, but later in life moved, with his wife, to Wisconsin, and there he became an extensive land owner. The maternal grandparents were Anthony Sims and Penelope (Richart) Davenport, natives of Ross County, Ohio. John Talman Mack and his wife were married at Columbus, Ohio, but subsequently moved to Sandusky in 1869. He and his brother, Isaac Foster Mack, bought the Sandusky Register, and continued in business as partners until 1909, when the company was incorporated, and I. F. Mack retired. Isaac Foster Mack died in 1912, and John Talman Mack in 1914, but the widow of the latter survives and makes her home at Sandusky. Their children were as follows: John Davenport, who is in business with his brother, Egbert Hiram, and is also president of the Mack Iron Works; Alice Richart, who married R. C. Snyder, publisher of the Norwalk Reflector Herald; Ethel Beebe, who married A. C. Blinn, of Akron, Ohio, vice president and general manager of the Northern Ohio Traction Company ; Egbert Hiram, whose name heads this review; and Cornelia Penelope, who married Charles J. Stark, editor Iron Trade Review of Cleveland, Ohio. The local public schools and Ohio State University furnished Egbert Hiram Mack with his educational training, and he was graduated from the latter in 1903. His initial experience in newspaper work was secured on the Columbus Citizen and the Toledo Blade, and then in 1905 he and his brother-in-law, R. C. Snyder, bought the Coshocton Age, and conducted it until 1909, when he disposed of his interest in it, and, coming back to Sandusky, became secretary and business manager of the Sandusky Register. In 1914 he succeeded his father as editor of this journal, his brother John D. Mack becoming business manager. Always very active in republican affairs, his zeal received proper recognition in October, 1923, by his appointment as postmaster of Sandusky, which office he is still holding. In November, 1915, Mr. Mack married Dorothy Schumacher, of Sandusky, a daughter of Henry and Ida Jane (Stimpson) Schumacher, natives of Sandusky and Fremont, Ohio, respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Mack have one son, John Talman, who was born January 4, 1921. Mr. Mack belongs to the Episcopal Church. His fraternal affiliations are with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He is a member of the Board of Trustees of Ohio State University, and of the Board of Trustees of the Wooster, Ohio, Experiment Station. DANIEL SHAY. From trapper boy in the mines to superintendent of Mine No. 9, at Circle Hill for the Pittsburgh Coal Company, Daniel Shay has pursued a steady working career, beginning with only a few limited terms of schooling. Though he has made a success in life by overcoming disadvantages, it has been his ambition and desire that all his Children should receive college educations, and the high purpose expressed in this determination is one of the interesting characteristics of this well known citizen of Athens County. Mr. Shay was born in Carbondale, Athens County, April 4, 1880, son of Timothy and Margaret (Clif ford) Shay. His father was born in Ireland, came to the United States when twenty-one years of age, and his first home was at Mineral City in Athens County. After a brief period of employment on construction work for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad he went into the mines, and mining was his occupation the rest of his life. He died in 1911, at the age of sixty-five, and his wife passed away in 1890, aged thirty-nine. They were members of the Catholic Church. Of their ten children Daniel was the sixth in age. The daughter Margaret is the wife of P. H. Kale, of Chillicothe ; Timothy is inside foreman at No. 9 Mine at Circle Hill; Johanna is the wife of James Louth, of Belleville, Illinois; Mike lives at Belleville; Blanch is the wife of Henry Routt; Thomas died at Zaleski, Ohio; Mary died at Cincinnati, Ohio ; John died at Athens, Ohio; Cornelius died in infancy at Zaleski, Ohio. Daniel Shay secured his early education at Zaleski, Vinton County, but experience has been his great teacher, though he attended night schools while working in the mines. At the age of eleven he became a trapper boy, and he did that work at the Luhrig Mine and also dumped coal there. Other experiences of coal mining included hauling machinery and operating a machine at the Luhrig Mine, and for several years he lived in West Virginia, working in the mines at Flemington, east of Clarksburg, and in other districts of the state. He was a machine operator and a foreman of mdistrict.he Raleigh distriet. Returning to Ohio, he was with the Sunday Creek Coal Company as a machine operator for fourteen months, and then went with the Pittsburgh Coal Company in Mine No. 1. In 1911 he took charge of No. 9 Mine at Circle Hill, and nearly all the development work has been done under his supervision. This is now one of the heaviest producers of coal in the district. Mr. Shay married in Nelsonville, Ohio, Miss Ellen White, daughter of Matthew and Mary Jane White. She was born in Clarksburg, West Virginia. They are the parents of five children: Rose, in her second year at Ohio University at Athens; Helen, attending the Nelsonville High School; Paul, in the eighth grade of the public schools; Frank, in the fifth grade; while Daniel, Jr., is the youngest member of the household. WILLIAM A. PRIDE, now of Glouster, has practiced dentistry in that community for thirty years, and is one of the older representatives of his profession in the southeastern part of the state. He was born in Woods County, West Virginia, June 12, 1862, and when he was an infant his parents, James Finley and Susan Pride, moved to Washington County, Ohio. His father, now eighty-three years of age, lives at Rockland, retired after a long and very successful career as a truck gardener. For many years he sold his produce to the markets of Parkersburg, West Virginia. He is a democrat and a Methodist. The mother of Doctor Pride was born in 1841, and died in 1917. They had a family of nine children, and eight are still living: Dr. Dilliam A.; Baruch, who was a truck gardener and commission merchant, and is now deceased; Jesse, a truck grower at Rockland, Ohio; Thomas, a retired gardener; Frank, a farmer at Rockland; Dr. Charles A., of Glouster, a dentist; Letha, wife of Charles Nichols, of Rockland; Mary House, of San Francisco; and Anna Reed, of Kansas. Dr. William A. Pride attended school at Rockland and Belpre. He took up the study of dentistry, and was graduated in 1892 from the Ohio College of Dental Surgery at Cincinnati, but for six years he worked as a traveling dentist, having a circuit of towns in Southeastern Ohio. He practiced at Belpre, HISTORY OF OHIO - 323 Stewart, Guysville, Trimble, Glouster, Albany, Letart Falls, and for a year or so had a permanent office at Albany. In 1894 he engaged in practice at Glouster, and for thirty years has been active in his profession. He acts as general agent for the Gem City Life Insurance Company of Dayton, Ohio. For twenty-five years he has had membership in the Ohio State Dental Society, and is also a member of the Rehwinkel Dental Society of Chillicothe, Ohio. He is a Mason, Odd Fellow and Knight of Pythias. At Glouster he is now serving on the council, was town treasurer and has always been interested in the general welfare. He is a democrat in politics. May 1, 1893, Doctor Pride married Miss Gertrude Matheney, daughter of Rev. Loran Matheney, a Methodist minister. JOHN TENNYSON HAYNES, M. D. The entire professional career of Doctor Haynes, covering a period of thirty-five years, has been identified with one line of important public service and one institution, the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Home in Erie County, near Sandusky, of which he is surgeon. John Tennyson Haynes was born at Seven Mile, Butler County, Ohio, June 29, 1864, son of Dr. Moses Harriman and Sarah J. (Hunter) Haynes. His mother 's parents came from the North of Ireland and South Scotland. Dr. Moses Haynes was a direct descendant of John Haynes, the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, who came to this country from England in 1630. John Tennyson Haynes had three brothers, two dying in infancy. His brother, Earl Haynes, born in 1872, is a graduate of Cornell University and for over a quarter of a century has been connected with the public school system of New York. He married Della Bales in 1898, and they have since lived at Bay Shore on Lang Island, the parents of two children. The only sister of Dr. J. T. Haynes was Luella Marr, four years his senior. She graduated from the College of Music at Cincinnati and in 1885 was married to Dr. David S. Schaff, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, a minister of the Presbyterian Church and son of the late Dr. Philip Schaff, of the Union Theological Seminary of New York. Mrs.. Schaff died March 12, 1908, the mother of seven children. John Tennyson Haynes attended public schools in his native community in Southern Ohio, continued his education in Earlham College at Richmond, Indiana, and in 1889 graduated with the Doctor of Medicine degree from Miami Medical College at Cincinnati. On October 20, 1889, he was appointed first assistant surgeon of the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Home at Sandusky, and less than two years later war promoted to surgeon, on August 20, 1891; a position he has held continuously since that date. He has made his service a notable, one, and the entire institution has reflected some of his fine ideals, both as a professional man and citizen. Since 1898 Doctor Haynes has been a member of the United States Pension Examining Board at Sandusky. He is a member of varous medical societies, has served as president of a number of clubs, and is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, being a past eminent commander of the Knights Templar Commandery and a member of the Zenobia Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He belongs to the Plum Brook Golf Club at Sandusky, the social organization known as the Sunyendeand Club of Sandusky, the Men's Literary Club of Sandusky, and is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution and the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States of America. Doctor Haynes before completing his medical education had some experience as a teacher, and was also employed, in wholesale produce houses. He is a member of the First Presbyterian Church of Sandusky. At Piqua, Ohio, December 23, 1891, he married Olive Davis Ashton, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. A. S. Ashton, of Piqua. She is of English ancestry, her father 's people having come from England, while her mother 's family dates back to the English Setons. Doctor and Mrs. Haynes have five children : Ashton Hunter, Dorothy Wood, Leonard Wood, Paul Tennyson and Hunter Harrison Haynes. BERNARD GALE WITTEN, who represents one of the first pioneer families of Southeastern Ohio, was a soldier in the World war, and for several years has been engaged in a successful law practice and has a leading part in community affairs at Bellaire. He was born in Jackson Township, Monroe County, Ohio, May 4, 1895, representing the fifth generation of the Witten family there. Phillip Witten and his wife, Margaret, came to Ohio from Virginia in 1790, only a year or so after the first permanent colony was established in Ohio, at Marietta. He entered land in Jackson Township, Monroe County, devoted the rest of his life to making a farm, and his descendants have lived in that community ever since. His son James and his grandson John were both born and lived in Monroe County. Leander A. Witten, father of the Bellaire attorney and great-grandson of Phillip Witten, the original settler, was born in Monroe County in 1855, and is still living on a farm there. He taught school, has been a farmer and a leader in local affairs, being on the board of school examiners and for eight years was on the county school board. In 1886 he instituted and became the first chancellor commander of Sardis Lodge No. 576, Knights of Pythias. He is a democrat and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Leander A. Witten married Ruth Garden, a native of Monroe County, who died in 1914. They had four children, Bernard G., being the third. Bernard G. Witten was educated in public schools in Monroe County, attended the Marietta High School, continued his education in Marshall College, and while still a student he returned to Woodsfield, Ohio, to enlist as a private in the Twenty-seventh Machine Gun Battalion. He went to France with the Eighty-fourth Division, and on November 12, 1918, the day after the signing of the armistice, was sent to Verdun and attached to the One Hundred and Tenth Machine Gun Battalion in the Twenty-ninth Division. Subsequently he was in Alsace-Lorraine, and arrived in the United States on Decoration day of 1919. He became a sergeant, and altogether spent nine months overseas. After leaving the army Mr. Witten resumed his law studies at Ohio Northern University at Ada, and was graduated Bachelor of Law in 1920, vice president of his class and a member of the Delta Theta Phi college fraternity. He at once engaged in practice at Bellaire, and has won a successful position as a lawyer. He is attorney for and a director of the Bellaire Loan Association, and in 1922 became a member of the Civil Service Commission of Bellaire and is still serving in that office. He was vice president in 1923 of the Bellaire Kiwanis Club, and in 1923 was vice commander and in 1924 commander of Bellaire Post of the American Legion. He is also a member of the Forty. and Eight Society of ex-service men, and is particularly interested in the Americanization work being done by the American Legion. He is also active in the Chamber of Commerce, served on the Board of Directors in 1922-23 of the Americus Club, and is a director of the Salvation Army. He is a member of the Belmont County Bar Association, is prominent in Young Men 's 324 - HISTORY OF OHIO Christian Association work at Bellaire, is a leader in local democratic politics, is a teacher in the Sunday school of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is affiliated with Sardis Lodge No. 576, Knights of Pythias. October 2, 1923, at Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania, Mr. Witten married Miss Esther Jane Parson, daughter of E. S. Parson, a retail furniture merchant. Mrs. Witten graduated from Ohio Northern University with the Bachelor of Science degree in education, and for one year was a teacher at Beallsville, Ohio, and for two years at Lore City in Guernsey County. She is active in church, club and social affairs at Bellaire. CARL ROSS KNOBLE, M. D., has built up in the City of Sandusky a substantial general practice that distinctly marks him as one of the representative physicians and surgeons of Erie County, and he is known and honored also as a broad-minded and progressive citizen who is ever ready to give his support to measures and enterprises advanced for the general good of the community. Doctor Knoble was born in Wayne County, Ohio, September 11, 1880, and is a son of Louis and Felicia (Pinkerton) Knoble. Louis Knoble has long held prestige as a skilled veterinary surgeon, and is now living virtually retired at Clyde, Sandusky County, his wife having passed away in 1910. After his graduation from the high school at Galion, Crawford County, in 1899, Dr. Carl R. Knoble became a student in Ohio Wesleyan University in 1900, and in 1905 he was graduated from Starling College, now the medical department of the Ohio State University. After thus receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine he engaged in the practice of his profession at Sandusky, where his success and precedence offer the best evidence of his professional ability and personal popularity. He is an active member of the Erie County Medical Society, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. His political support is given to the democratic party. He served two terms as coroner of Erie County, was for five years a member of the local Board of Education, of which he was the president two of these years, and he is president of the Board of Trustees of the First Presbyterian Church of Sandusky, of which he and his wife are zealous members. In the time-honored Masonic fraternity Doctor Knoble has received the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite, besides being affiliated with the Mystic Shrine and the Grotto of Veiled Prophets. He has membership also in the Knights of Pythias; the Fraternal Order of Eagles, of the local aerie of which he has been the official physician since 1910; the Loyal Order of Moose, in which he has been physician of the local organization since 1912; the Knights of the Maccabees, in which he has passed the various official chairs; the Modern Woodmen of America, of the local camp of which he is official physician; and the Sandusky Lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. The Doctor is a valued member of the local Chamber of Commerce, the Rotary Club and the Plum Brook Country Club. The year 1904 recorded the marriage of Doctor Knoble and Miss Edna Unckrich, who was born and reared in Sandusky and who is a daughter of Frederick and Minnie (Hasselbach) Unckrich. Doctor and Mrs. Knoble have two children: Ross is now (1924) a student in Western Reserve University, in the City of Cleveland, and Grace is a student in the Sandusky High School. HARRY B. TURNER has held since 1916 the office of superintendent of the public schools of Warren, the judicial center of Trumbull County, and his record of service in the pedagogic profession has been of distinctly constructive order, the objective appreciation of which has been indicated by his consecutive advancement in his chosen profession. Harry Benton Turner was born at Freeport, Harrison County, Ohio, September 2, 1880, and in the same place were born also his parents, John D. and Atha (Kirby) Turner, the former of whom was born November 23, 1856, and the latter on the 8th of March, 1855. John D. Turner was reared at Freeport, there received the advantages of the public schools, and there learned the trade of blacksmith. In his native town he continued to follow the work of his trade until 1886, when he removed with his family to Flushing, Belmont County, where he has since continued to be actively engaged in the work of his sturdy trade—a man of sterling character and strong mentality. He is a democrat in his political proclivities, and he has given several terms of service as a member of the Village Council of Flushing, he having been for some time president of this municipal body. He and his wife are zealous members of the Church of the Disciples, and he is serving as an elder in the same. Of the three children, Prof. Harry B., of this sketch, is the eldest; Maude is the wife of Clyde F. Tucker, a prosperous farmer in Ashland County, and Ethel is the wife of Charles W. Davis, a railroad employe, their home being maintained at Flushing, Belmont County. In the high school at Flushing Harry B. Turner was graduated as a member of the class of 1897, and thereafter he continued his studies in Hiram College, one of the old and famed educational institutions of Ohio, until he was there graduated in 1903 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In the meantime he had taught in district school No. 3, known as .Kirk's School, in Flushing Township, Belmont County, in 1898-99. In the year that marked his graduation from Hiram College he became principal of the high school at Garrettsville, Portage County, a post which he retained one year. For three years thereafter he was superintendent of the public schools in the village of Mantua, that county, and he then accepted the position of principal of the high school in the City of Ravenna, where he thus continued his services until 1914. He was then elected county superintendent of schools for Portage, this preferment having come through the medium of the county Board of Education, and his effective administration of two years was followed, in 1916, by his assumption of his present position, that of superintendent of the city schools of Warren. Here he has jurisdiction over fifteen schools, 275 teachers and fully 7,000 pupils, his executive offices being established at 307 Western Reserve Bank Building. Professor Turner is vital and forward-looking in his work as an instructor and administrator, and has done much to advance the standard of the work in the excellent schools that Warren has long claimed' as her own. In politics Mr. Turner is a republican, with minor reservations of independence, and as a citizen he is loyal and progressive, with vital interest in the advancing of the best interests of the community. He is a member of the Board of School Examiners of the City of Warren, and had previously served as a member of the Portage County Board of School Examiners. He is a director of the Trumbull County Normal School at Warren; he and his wife are active members of the Central Christian Church in their home city, and of the same he is serving as an elder. The Masonic affiliations of the Professor are as here designated: Old Erie Lodge No. 3, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons ; Mahoning Chapter No. 66, Royal Arch Masons; Warren Commandery No. 39, Knights Templar, all at Warren. He holds membership on the Warren Board of Trade, is a member of the National Educational Association, the Ohio State Teachers' Association,