HISTORY OF OHIO BY CHARLES B. GALBREATH Secretary of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society. Former State Librarian and Secretary of Ohio Constitutional Convention (1912). ADVISORY COUNCIL MEMBERS JAMES E. CAMPBELL FRANK B. WILLIS C. T. MARSHALL SPENCER D. CARR ARTHUR E. MORGAN CHARLOTTE R. CONOVER JUDSON HARMON MAURICE DONAHUE ATLEE POMERENE ELROY McKENDREE AVERY NEVIN O. WINTER BENJAMIN B. PUTNAM HARRIET TAYLOR UPTON Historical and Biographical IN FIVE VOLUMES ILLUSTRATED VOLUME V THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY, INC. CHICAGO AND NEW YORK 1925 HISTORY OF OHIO THOMAS BECKETT. One of the most interesting industries of the Miami Valley is the Beckett Paper Company of Hamilton. In 1848, four years before a railroad was constructed in Hamilton, a citizen of Toledo decided to build a paper mill at Hamilton, engaging a Scotch paper maker, Adam Laurie, as superintendent of construction. The business was soon in difficulties, and William Beckett, a lawyer at Hamilton, came to the aid of Mr. Laurie and secured the capital for finishing the plant and starting its operations. The first firm was known as Beckett, Rigdon and Martins, which was followed by Beckett, Rigdon & Company, then by Beckett and Laurie, Beckett, Laurie & Company, William Beckett and Son, and in 1887 the Beckett Paper Company was incorporated. After the first two or three years the business was on a profitable basis, and continued so except during the first year of the Civil war, when the company gave a signal illustration of its integrity by fulfilling a disastrous contract to furnish the Cincinnati Gazette with paper at 9 cents a pound, when the cost of stock alone was at that figure or above. After the Civil war it was several years before a period of readjustment as to prices, and financial conditions took place, culminating in the panic of 1873. In that panic William Beckett suffered severe financial losses through his interest in railroad building, but the firm of Beckett, Laurie & Company was continued. Some years later the mill at Hamilton began to suffer competition with the water power mills of the Northwest, and also as a result of the conservative policies of the older men in the business who declined to install the modern machinery for efficient production. For several years Thomas Beckett, son of William Beckett, had been studying the causes of the unprofitable business and finally he persuaded his father to purchase the interests of the Lauries and thus give him a free hand in reorganizing, installing new machinery and starting the business on a new basis altogether. The Lauries consented to the terms of purchase, and Mr. Thomas Beckett as owner of a half interest incorporated the Beckett Paper Company in December, 1887. The following year the plant began operation with new machinery, and with Thomas Beckett as head of the manufacturing side and his father, William Beckett, as salesman, the business was soon again on a profitable basis. The company weathered the financial storm of 1893, when so many paper houses went bankrupt, and since 1894 the company has been specializing on cover paper, under the trade name of Buckeye Cover, and later introduced the manufacture of writing papers, which involved practically the entire reconstruction of the plant. The business suffered heavy losses during the disastrous flood of 1913, but in 1923 the company had the honor of celebrating the seventy-fifth anniversary of its existence, a unique record among paper mills of the Middle West. Through all that three-quarters of a century the business had been conducted on one site and by one family. However, the anniversary year of 1923 was marred by the death of Mr. Thomas Beckett, president of the company, who passed away July 22, 1923. He was born August 8, 1860. His father, William Beckett, founder of the Beckett Paper Company, was born in 1821 and died in 1895. William Beckett's grandfather, of Irish birth, heard of the wonderful resources of the Miami country of Southern Ohio while living in Western Pennsylvania, and in 1803 arrived in Butler County and built his pioneer log cabin and cleared the land for a farm. At that time the father of William Beckett was nine years old, and he grew up with the pioneer 's training, and after the death of his father took up the burden of farming and subsequently built a saw mill and grist mill near Hamilton. He also engaged in the river trade through the New Orleans markets, and became one of the substantial business men of this section. The wife of William Beckett represented another prominent family of Southern Ohio. Her father was John Woods, who was born in 1794, became a lawyer, and in 1824 was elected to Congress and served two terms. He was also a soldier in the War of 1812. In the words of Thomas Beckett, written a short time before his death : "My grandfathers did not wait for things to be done—they did them. In Hamilton they saw the possibility of using the water of the Miami River for power, and both of them became interested in the Hamilton-Rossville Hydraulic Company, supplying some of the capital and a large part of the brains. My grandfather Woods drew up all the water-power leases, and they were so tightly drawn that we and other dissatisfied users of the power had great difficulty in having these leases cancelled some twenty years ago." The late Mr. Thomas Beckett graduated from the Hamilton High School at the age of sixteen, and in the same year, in 1876, went into his father 's paper mill as a worker, and during the next ten years mastered every phase of paper manufacture, finally becoming the executive head of the Beckett Paper Company in 1887. In 1894 Mr. Beckett married Mary Millikin, daughter of the distinguished Dr. Dan Millikin of Hamilton. Nine children were born to their marriage: Nora (who died in 1900), Minor Millikin, Alice, Walter (who died in 1901), Lucy, Edith, Emily, William and Dan Millikin Beckett. Minor Millikin Beckett, the oldest son of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Beckett, represents the third generation of the Beckett family in the Beckett Paper Company. After graduating as a chemical engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1920 he spent the following year in the School of Chemical Engineering Projects, where he received the degree Master of Science. He is now president of the Beckett Paper Company. 4 - HISTORY OF OHIO JUDSON HARMON. As a figure both in state and national affairs, during the last half century there have been few Ohioans of such attractive personality and thorough going ability and at all times completely master of the soul as Judson Harmon of Cincinnati. Fortunately for this publication a sketch has been prepared by an Ohio editor and writer who has known Judge Harmon for thirty years, the work of the Columbus Dispatch. Judson Harmon was born in the village of Newtown, near Cincinnati, February 3, -1846, son of the Rev. Benjamin Franklin Harmon, a Baptist minister. His mother, Julia (Brunson) Harmon, was a native of Olean, New York, and a school teacher before her marriage. Francis Harmon, first of the family to settle in America, came from Norfolk, England, to Massachusetts, in 1636. One of his sons was among the founders of Springfield, Massaahusetts, and three other' sons took part in the founding of Suffield, Connecticut. The ancestors of Judson Harmon, on both the father 's and mother 's side, served as soldiers in the Colonial wars, and in the war of the Revolution. At the age of twenty, Judson Harmon was graduated from Denison University, Granville, Ohio, in the class of 1866, having largely earned his college expenses as he went along. He took the Bachelor of 'Arts course of his time, with Latin and Greek, and is still so thoroughly convinced of the value of classical studies as a mental discipline and a broadening intellectual influence that for some years past he has maintained an annual prize in Latin, open to members of the Freshman Latin Class in his alma mater. After one year 's service as public school principal in Columbia, Ohio, he began the study of law, and was graduated from the Cincinnati Law. School, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws; in 1869. He at once began the practice of law in Cincinnati. Five years later he served a term as mayor .of .Wyoming, a suburb of Cincinnati, in which he then had his residence. From 1878 to 1887 he served as judge of the -Superior Court in Cincinnati. His next call to public service came from President Cleveland, in whose cabinet he served as attorney general from early in June, 1895, to the end of Cleveland's term, in 1897. In this position he had much to do with shaping the earlier .policy of the government in prosecutions under the Sherman antitrust. law: Short though this service was, it gave to the country at large a knowledge of the exceptional legal abilities, high professional standards and inexhaustible energy of which Ohio people were already well aware. That his ability extended to large business affairs as well as to legal problems was shown from 1905 to 1909, when he served as receiver for the Cincinnati, Hamilton and .Dayton, the Pere Marquette and the Toledo Terminal railways, and brought them successfully out .of the troubles into which they had fallen. Politically Mr. Harmon had always been known as. .a democrat, but one whose high standards of citizenship could never condone ,corruption or inefficiency because it occurred in his own party. He was nominated for the governorship in 1908 and elected by a margin of slightly less than 20,000 over his republican opponent. The republicans carried the state for the presidency by nearly 70,000 in the same election. Only one other democrat on the state ticket was successful. David S. Creamer, who was chosen by a margin of less than 1,500 as treasurer of state. This was a key position, however, as the campaign had been made largely on the necessity of reform in the management of the state 's finances. The mismanagement that had been charged was abundantly proved when access to the records was obtained, and new methods of treasury management were at Once installed. The large money balances held by the state, out of which no important returns were being secured, were withdrawn from banks in which they had been deposited on a system of personal and political favoritism and. redeposited by fair competition, open to all banks of the state alike. The increase. in. interest receipts was immediate and phenomenal. The' new system has been followed ever since, and the gain to the state is counted in millions. This reform was of course accomplished by Governor Harmon and Treasurer Creamer acting together. At the expiration of his first term Governor Harmon was reelected by a majority of 103,000, making heavy gains in every section of the state, and among rural and city voters alike. Among the achievements of his governorship, aside from administrative' reforms, stand the establishment of the Public Utilities Commission, non-partisan. nomination for all judicial offices, the limitation of hours of labor for women, and one of the most successful and popular workmen's compensation laws as yet adopted in any state of the Union. It is safe to say that no governor of Ohio has ever put more business energy and higher standards of official duty and responsibility into the office than did Judson Harmon. In 1887 Mr. 'Harmon succeeded George Hoadly in the law firm of Hoadly, Johnson, and Colston, the most important law firm in Cincinnati. Thirty-seven years later, with Edward Colston and a son of Governor Hoadly at his side, he is still (January, 1924) vigorously engaged in the practice of 'his profession at the head of this firm, the "official title being Harmon, Colston, Goldsmith and Hoadly. Denison University, his alma mater, gave him the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws (LL D.) in 1891, and the same honor has been bestowed .upon him by various other colleges. On the 10th of June, 1870, Mr. Harmon was married to Miss Olivia Scobey, a daughter of William H. Scobey, Doctor of Medicine, of Hamilton, Ohio. He has three daughters, Mrs. Edmund Wright of Cincinnati, Mrs. George if. Cassat, living in London when this sketch was written, and Mrs. Alfred C. Cassatt, of Cincinnati. He has always been a home lover, and until the death of Mrs. 'Harmon a few years ago he was never happier and more contented than when surrounded by his wife,: children and grandchildren, either in his Ohio home or in his summer home in Charlevoix, Michigan. The golf course has had its part in retaining the abundant vitality which is still one of his most noticeable characteristics. A genial friend to all who know him personally, trusted and respected by everybody, Judson Harmon is one of the most popular men in Ohio, as well as one of the state's most eminent citizens. HON. ROBERT MAUCK SWITZER. For four successive terms representative of the Tenth- Ohio District in Congress, Robert. Mauck Switzer, a prominent attorney at Gallipolis, has earned his right to rank as one of the most influential leaders in public opinion and public affairs in Ohio. He was born in Gallia County, March 6, 1863, son of Valentine and Melissa (Mauck) Switzer. The Switzer family was of German stock, and came to America from Switzerland about 225 years ago. There were four brothers who came over, all locating in Pennsylvania. Many of the name have been leaders in affairs. The paternal grandfather of Congressman Switzer was John Switzer, who married a Miss HISTORY OF OHIO - 5 Knapp. His maternal grandparents were Robert and Esther (Ruffner) Mauck. The Maucks, Knapps and Ruffners all came from the Shenandoah Valley of Old Virginia, while the Switzers moved to Ohio from Bath County, Virginia. Valentine Switzer, who was born in 1797 and died in March, 1876, was one of the outstanding men of influence in the rural localities of Gallia County. He was an active farmer, and, being a republican in politics, he had the distinction of being the first member of that party chosen for the office of county commissioner. He was a member of the Methodist Church. His wife, Melissa Mauck, died in June, 1910. By her marriage to Valentine Switzer there were two sons, Robert Mauck and Benjamin M. Benjamin M. is a railway conductor, and married Jessie Eagle, of Gallia County, Ohio. The father of these brothers by a prior marriage had seven children, one of whom, Valentine H. Switzer, served as sheriff of Gallia County in 1888. Robert Mauck Switzer was educated in district school, and attended Gallipolis Academy and Rio Grande College for five terms. He taught school for four years, taking up the study of law in the meantime. Hon. Samuel Nash helped him with his early studies. He also took summer courses in law at the University of Virginia and the Ohio State University at Columbus. After an examination by the State Board of Examiners he was admitted to practice in December, 1892, and has had about thirty years in which to make himself known to fame as an able lawyer. Throughout this period he has practiced law at Gallipolis. In 1893 he was elected prosecuting attorney, and held that office from 1894 to 1900, being elected two terms. In 1900 he was a delegate to the National Republican Convention at Philadelphia, where McKinley and Roosevelt were nominated. In 1908 he was a member .of the electoral college that chose Taft for president. With increasing prominence and recognition as a well qualified leader Mr. Switzer in 1910 was chosen to represent the Tenth Ohio District in the Sixty-second Congress. He served four successive terms, his last term being in the Sixty-fifth Congress, ending in 1919. He was one a Ohio's congressmen during the World war period, and was a member of the House while the late President Harding was in the Senate. Mr. Switzer and Mr. Johnson of Ironton were delegates to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1920, and followed their instructions by voting for Mr. Harding consistently until that Ohio man was nominated. Mr. Switzer married, at Pittsburgh, in December, 1896; Miss Alice Simmons, of Lawrence County, Ohio. Her mother died in 1905. Her father; Charles Simmons, was a farmer and very active in politics, serving as sheriff and treasurer of Lawrence County. He was a member of the Methodist Church. The brothers of Mrs. Switzer were: John H., who served as United States marshal for Southern Ohio, William B., Fletcher, Peter and Edward Simmons. Her sisters are Mrs. Helen Beckett, living, and Martha B. Hanlan, deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Switzer, have four children: Paul B., a student in the Ohio State University; Robert M., Jr., a graduate of Ohio State University; Roger, also in the State University; and Jon. Edward. Mr. Switzer has been affiliated with the Knights of Pythias for thirty years, and is a member of the Elks and Junior Order United American Mechanics. JOHN THOMAS HALL, who is city manager of Gallipolis, came to that office with a long and successful experience as a teacher, farmer, public official and business mane He was born in Walnut Township, Gallia County, Ohio, July 4, 1866. His paternal grandparents were William and Katherine Hall, 'the Hall family having come out, of Old Virginia and settled in Jefferson County, Ohio. William Dixon Hall, his father, was born and favorably known in Gallia County. He was a farmer and school teacher in early life, teaching altogether for sixteen years. For many years he held the office of justice of peace, and during the Civil war was a Union soldier in the One Hundred and Eighty-third Volunteer Infantry. For fifty years he was a steward in the Methodist Episcopal Church. William Dixon Hall, who died in March, 1923, married Mary Jane Fox, who died in 1879. She was a daughter of Ziba and Deborah Fox, of an old New England family that settled in Morgan County, Ohio. William D. Hall and wife have five children: John Thomas; Renda a, deceased wife of John F. Neal, and the mother of three children, Bertha, Marcus and Ruth; Ella M., 'who is the wife of Harry M. Gates, of Tuscola, Illinois, and has two children, Elmer Dixon, who married Lucinda Queen and has three children; Anna Bell, deceased wife of Capt. H. E. Houck, and the mother of three children. John Thomas Hall was educated in the district school and finished his education in the National Normal University at Lebanon, Ohio, where he graduated Bachelor of Science and completed the commercial course in. August, 1890. For twenty years Mr. Hall was a teacher in rural schools. He also became identified with farming, and for nine years lived on and operated his own farm. Upon being elected tax commissioner of Gallia County he moved to Gallipolis in 1915, and after one year in the office of tax com- missioner, served four years as deputy auditor under Arthur. Miller. For two years he was 'superintendent of highway construction in -the county, resigning that office to become city manager of Gallipolis in 1922. His work as city manager has been such as to justify in the minds of the citizens the value of that method of administering the municipal government instead of the older system which it succeeded. Mr. Hall married, on Christmas Day, 1892, Miss Lovina May McDaniel. She died in 1896. Her parents were Wesley and Mary McDaniel. The four children of Mr. and Mrs. McDaniel now living are Cora Mabel, Jessie Alma, Clarence Elmer and Elta G. On October 24, 1898, Mr. Hall married Miss Cora Davis, daughter of Samuel and Alice (Rolston) Davis. Her father is a farmer and carpenter. Besides Mrs. Hall. there are four other children: Floyd, Heber, Ora and Emery. Heber was a soldier in the World war. Mr. and Mrs. Hall have three children, Leola M., Marjorie O. and Matilda. Mr. Hall is a member of the Methodist Church, and is affiliated with the Junior Order United American Mechanics. JOHN H. MATTHEWS, attorney at law at Gallipolis, Ohio, has been a teacher, a high school principal, and superintendent of village and county schools, though in the interval he has continued his higher education and has qualified for the law and is enrolled among the active attorneys at the bar at Gallipolis. Mr. Matthews was born at Vinton, Gallia County, November 19, 1890, son of S. H. and Mary (Cardwell) Matthews. His grandparents were John A. and Lydia Matthews. The Matthews family came to Ohio from Greenbrier County in what is now West Virginia. John A. Matthews was a Union soldier in the Thirty-sixth Ohio Infantry, and for many years acted, in the Grand Army of the Republic. The Matthews is an English and Irish family. The Cardwells were English. The parents of Mary Cardwell were Thomas J. and Elizabeth Cardwell. Mary Cardwell was first married to Alexander Matthews. The only child of this marriage, Cora, became the wife of 6 - HISTORY OF OHIO Clyde Eagle, and they have two children, Helen and Robert. After the death of Alexander Matthews his widow married his younger brother, S. H. Matthews. S. H. Matthews was a carpenter in early life, and is now in the produce, flour and feed business at Vinton. He has been active in public affairs, held most of the local township offices, •and served two terms as director of the county infirmary, 1905 to 1910. He is a Baptist and Knight of Pythias. His wife, Mary (Cardwell) Matthews, died December 31, 1918, the mother of seven children: Cora, previously mentioned; Roma, who died when ten years old; John H.; Arthur C.; who died at the age of sixteen months; Sheldon, who married Fern Braley, and had one child, Maurice, but both Sheldon and Fern Matthews died within four days of each other ; Marshall C., who is a traveling salesman for the Meigs Wholesale Grocery Company of Middleport; and Donald, employed by the Boatman Motor Sales Company of Middleport. John Matthews was educated in the public schools of Vinton, attended high school at Rio Grande, and began teaching in 1908. His college training was received in the Rio Grande College, where he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1917. While teaching he pursued the study of law with Judge Mauck of Gallipolis as his preceptor. Judge Mauck is now on the bench of the Court of Appeals. Mr. Matthews was admitted to the bar in 1920, and in 1922 was admitted to practice in the Federal Court. Mr. Matthews married at Bidwell, Ohio, September 2, 1914, Miss Lulu Grover, daughter of A. M. and Elizabeth Grover. The other children of her parents are: Raymond, who married Hazel Hartsook and has a daughter, Elizabeth; Irene, wife of E. D. Keeler, and mother of two children, named Edward and Mariana; Frances, who is teaching school at Gallipo- lis; Mary, who has two children, Kathryn Annetta and Frances Pauline, by her marriage to Homer Matthews. Mrs. Matthews, father has been a farmer, stock man and breeder, and is now associated in that business with his son Raymond at Bidwell. He is one of the influential members of the Christian Church and is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias. Mr. and Mrs. Matthews have one daughter, Dorothy. He is a member of the Masonic lodge, the Knights of Pythias and Junior Order United American Mechanics. Mr. and Mrs. Matthews are both members of the Eastern Star. HARRY ROYAL HURN, present postmaster at Gallipolis, has been identified with the printing and newspaper business in his home town for more than twenty-five years. For a number of years prior to his appointment as postmaster he was manager and editor of the Gallia Times, the most influential republican paper in Gallia County. Mr. Hurn was born at Gallipolis, December 7, 1878, son of M. S. and Flora E. Hum, the latter still living. He, through his paternal ancestors, is a descendant of the early French families who settled Gallipolis in 1790. His father was a furniture manufacturer, and was long connected with the Gallipolis Furniture Company. He was interested in local affairs, particularly education, and served on the Gallipolis board of education fog: twelve years. He was a member of the Masonic order and of the Methodist Church. Harry R. Hurn was graduated from the Gallipolis High School in 1895, and at once became connected with the Gallipolis Tribune, spending six years with that newspaper. For two years following he was employed on the Gallipolis Journal, and then bought an interest in the Times and became its editor and manager. Later he was identified with the incorporation of the Gallipolis Printing Company, which bought the Journal, the Bulletin and the Vinton Leader, and all three of these newspapers were merged with the Times. During the war he was active in numerous campaigns, was an official in the Red Cross, and was appointed postmaster by President Coolidge on December 19, 1923. He is a Knight Templar Mason, a member of the official board of the Meth- odist Church, the. Community Club and other local organizations. Mr. Hurn married at Gallipolis on August 24, 1901, Miss Edna Bumgardner, and she has been active in newspaper work during all their married life, being at present manager of their newspaper, the Times. CHARLES T. ROBINSON. For forty years the name Robinson has been identified with the insurance business at Galloplis. Charles T. Robinson is manager of a business established and built up by his father, and both belong to the progressive business and civic elements, in _Gallia County. John Titus Robinson is a son of Samuel L. Robinson, who was a son of Kinsley Robinson, who came to Gallia County from Columbiana County about 1820. John T. Robinson, the founder of the business, was born in 1864. His mother, Mary Titus, was a member of the pioneer Ohio Titus family that came from New England about the same time.. John T. Robinson at the age of eighteen, as soon as he had completed his public school education, engaged in the insurance business, and has followed it all his life. He was appointed deputy tax commissioner by Governor Cox, serving throughout the Cox term. As special agent for the Ohio Farmers, Fire Insurance Company he handles all adjustments for that company in Southeastern Ohio. His business, which was established forty years ago, is now known as J. T. Robinson & Son. They do a general insurance business, handling fire, life, liability, automobile, indemnity and other forms of insurance. John Titus Robinson married, April 7, 1889, Miss Mary Thompson, who is a daughter of Henry and Harriett (Russell) Thompson. Henry Thompson was a son of Peirce and Elizabeth (Beason) Thompson, who came to Meigs. County in 1830 from Eastern Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. John T. Robinson had seven children: Charles T.; Herber L., unmarried; Helen L., twin sister of Herber, is the wife of George Russell and has a son, George Herber ; Murl, single; Mott and Max, twins, who died in infancy, and John Titus, who was in his second year at Ohio University and was killed, electrocuted by a live wire at Gallipolis September 6, 1923. Charles T. Robinson was educated in the Bidwell High School and Rio Grande College, and finished his academic course in Ohio University at. Athens. He graduated at the age of twenty, and followed this with a commercial course in the Portsmouth Business College. Since completing his education, with the exception of the period of the World war, he has been identified with his father in the insurance business, of which he is now manager. During the World war he enlisted December 12, 1917, in the air service, was commissioned a' lieutenant, and after attending the ground school at Ohio State University, was sent to Love Field in Texas, and finally to Selfridge Field, Mount Clemens, Michigan. He graduated in flying, but did not get overseas. His discharge came December 12, 1918, and soon afterward he resumed 'his duties at Gallipolis. He is a member of the State Insurance Agency Association. His father is a Knight Templar and thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, an Odd Fellow and an Elk, and Charles T. Robinson has a Knight Templar Masonic affiliation, and a membership in the order HISTORY OF OHIO - 7 of Elks. He is a Methodist. He married at Gallipolis, July 21, 1921, Miss Clyone Fee, daughter of the late Aaron Lewis and Hannah (Copeland) Fee. Her mother is living. Her father died December 24, 1915, and his children were: 011ie, unmarried;, Cora, who married Stanley Flanning and at her death left one child; Lorena J., mother of seven children by her marriage to Warren Miller; Anna, deceased wife of Norman L. Gibson; Mrs. Robinson; and Charles L., who died October 18, 1923. CHARLES R. NIDAY is a member of a family that has been in Southern Ohio for over a century. He is a veterinary surgeon by profession, and also operates a prosperous sales and service automobile station at Gallipolis. He was born in Gallia County, August 19, 1874, son of Chapman J. and Marie J. (Northrup) Niday. The Nidays came from old Virginia to Ohio in 1803, and the Northrups came from New York. His grandfather was Lewis Niday. His maternal grandparents were Ansel and Levina Northrup. Charles R. Niday is the only child of his parents. His mother is living. His father, who died January 12, 1919, was a farmer, was a republican voter and a member of the Methodist Church. Charles R. Niday was reared on a farm, attended grammar and high schools, and at the age of seventeen left school to go to work as clerk in a clothing store. After two years he became a traveling salesman, and at the age of twenty was selling goods for a wholesale shoe house in Cincinnati. He was on the road three and one-half years, and later entered the Veterinary Medical College of Cincinnati, where he was graduated in 1912. Since that year he has practiced his profession at Gallipolis, has been the leading veterinarian of this locality, and still does considerable business in this line. He is now engaged in the auto supply, gas, oil and grease business at Gallipolis. He has a gasoline storage tank of 54,000 gallons capacity. Mr. Niday has been active in politics and in good government affairs for several years. He was a member of the city council, and was the first elected chairman of the board under the commission form of government. He held this office four years. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, and Elks, and is a member of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Niday married at Gallipolis, February 6, 1898, Miss Maud E. Canaday, one of the two children of James C. and Jennie (Cooper) Canaday. Her brother, Frank E., married Ella Green, and they have one child, Fay. Mrs. Niday's father, who died in 1923, was in the laundry business for many years, and had the first and only real laundry in Gallipolis. He was an active member of the Junior Order United American Mechanics. Mr. Niday has one son, Verne C. Mr. Niday was in the Medical Corps in the World war, stationed at Camp Lee, and his corps was ordered overseas, but just when ready to sail the orders were rescinded. Mr. Niday is now a commissioned officer in the Officers, Reserve Corps. His son, Verne C., is also an officer in the Quartermaster’s Department of the Reserve Corps. HOMER J. WARD has for many years been a successful figure in business affairs at Gallipolis. He is proprietor of a very extensive general insurance agency, does a large real estate business, and was educated for the law, though he has practiced only in his own interests. Mr. Ward was born in Gallia County, April 24, 1876, son of Benjamin Franklin and Susan (Hanger) Ward. The Wards were Colonial settlers in old Virginia, moving from there to Pennsylvania, and from Pennsylvania to Ohio. His grandparents were Jacob and Nancy Ward. Mr. Ward,s maternal grandfather, David Hanger, was one of the old time abolitionists in Gallia County. He helped many colored families to reach freedom after crossing the border from the slave state. He was a very staunch Presbyterian, and adhered strictly to the truth in word and deed. He was driving a wagon carrying some refugee slaves, and when stopped and questioned as to what he had, he replied "fresh meat." A boy under the cover in his wagon had the whooping cough, but fortunately restrained his coughing during the presence of the stranger. The mother of Homer J. Ward died in 1904. The father, who died in 1918, was a farmer and stock man, and a stock dealer, was a very prominent man in the republican party in his county, being frequently a delegate to conventions and a member of the county republican committee. The children of the parents were: D. Grant, who. married Flossie McCann; Edwin, who died in infancy; James E., who married Birdie Quickle and had two children; Dale L., who married Goldia Ledle; Pluma E., deceased, wife of Thomas McClaskey; ill's. Susan Lushler, who had two children, named Charles W. and Susan Eleanor; Floyd, who married Lula Cherrington; Nora, who became the wife of C. R. Phillips, and had two children, named Ward and Clarence; Charles V., who married Golda Jarvis; Everett H., unmarried. Homer J. Ward was reared on his father’s farm in Gallia County, attended the district schools, Ewing- ton Academy, the Rio Grande College, Ohio Northern University at Ada, where he graduated with the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1897, and also took the law course at Ada, completing it in 1904. Mr. Ward taught school altogether for ten years, chiefly in the graded schools. In 1906 he engaged in the insurance and real estate business, purchasing an old established firm. He has a general insurance agency, handling fire, liability, health, indemnity, automobile, accident, and also a well organized real estate department. On October 6, 1908, on Kelley ,s Island in Lake Erie, he married Miss Jennie Kastning, daughter of William and Sophia Kastning. Her parents were married in Germany, came to America on their wedding trip, and after a brief stay. in Cleveland, moved to Kelley's Island, near Sandusky. William Kastning was a farmer, and one of the prominent grape growers on Kelley's Island, and was also identified with one of the chief industries of the island, lime production. In the Kastning family were a large number of children: Anna, who married Otto W. Brown, a large vineyardist on Kelley's Island; Emma, who married Henry Roswurm; Mary, who married F. A. Huntington; Martha, who married Hugh Cattanach; Lydia, who married Henry Gerlach, now deceased; Kate, deceased wife of Ralph Dwelle; William F., who married Jennie Titus; and Henry, a resident of Govan, Canada. Mr. and Mrs. Ward have two children, Howard James, attending high school, and Paul Willis. Mr. Ward is a member of the official board of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is affiliated with the Junior Order United American Mechanics and with the Masonic order. JOHN MILLIKIN, whose home was in Butler County, during the greater part of his life, possessed sterling business qualifications, was a citizen of the highest moral character, and many of his descendants still live in and around Hamilton. A son of Samuel and Mary (Hunter) Millikin, he was born October 24, 1826, while his father was serving as sheriff of Butler County. During his youth he attended schools at Hamilton, and clerked in his 8 - HISTORY OF OHIO brother 's general store until he married Miss Mary Catherine Snively, daughter of Samuel and Adeline (Leigh) Snively. After their marriage they took up their home on Grand Prairie of Indiana and Illinois, near the state line, in Vermilion County, Indiana. At Montezuma, Indiana, he engaged in farming and conducted. a general store. When the Civil war came on he contracted with the United. States Government to supply corn and hay to the armies, and during the course of the war, after seventeen years residence in Indiana, returned to Hamilton, Ohio, and engaged in the milling business, manufacturing flour. Owing to the fluctuation of prices at the close of the war he lost heavily, gave up the business, and accepted appointment from Andrew Johnson, who became president after the death of Lincoln, as collector of customs at Galveston, Texas. After this service in the South he returned to Hamilton and became identified with the Long-Allstater farm, remaining with that organization twenty-two years as sales manager and superintendent of agencies. He died. September 28, 1892. He was always a staunch republican in politics. John Millikin and wife had eight children. Personally he was one of nature's noblemen, congenial, warm hearted, adorable in his family relations, a life time slave to the welfare of his family, and absolutely temperate in all things. SAMUEL HUNTER MILLIKIN, who has achieved distinction both in the field of business and in his profession as a dentist, was born in Indiana, but he represents the old and honored family of Millikins in Butler County. One of the very first settlers of Butler County was Daniel Millikin, a pioneer physician who came to Hamilton in 1807 and not only gained distinction during his life but founded a family containing. many prominent men in this section of the state. Dr. Samuel Hunter Millikin was born in Vermilion County, Indiana, January 9, 1853, son of John and Mary Millikin. When he was ten years of age his parents returnd to Southern Ohio and settled at Hamilton. Here he acquired a public school education. However, he began his career, so far as paying his own way was concerned, when little more than a boy. For a time he worked in a photograph gallery, and then served a complete apprenticeship and worked as a journeyman in a carriage factory, putting in eight years in that business. In all this time his ambition was for a professional career, and he was persistent in pursuing his aim in spite of the necessity of other work to secure a livelihood. He finally invested his savings in a course in the Ohio Dental College. of Cincinnati, where he graduated. After practicing for a time Doctor Millikin accepted the opportunity to purchase in 1889 the carpet, wall paper and bric-a-brac business of George W. Hughes at Hamilton. This is an old established business, and under Doctor Millikin's energetic direction it became one of the largest enterprises of the kind in Butler County and in Southern Ohio. He continued it with remarkable success for over ten years, and then. resumed the practice of dentistry. Since then he has devoted all his time to his profession, and is one of the ablest representatives of dental surgery in the state. He is a member of the Ohio Dental Society. In 1886 Doctor Millikin married Miss Mary Schelley. She died in 1896, leaving two sons, Arnold Schelley and Eugene Donald. Eugene is now a practicing attorney at Denver, Colorado. Arnold S. is manager of the Jager Manufacturing Company's plant at Columbus, Ohio. Doctor Millikin is a member of the Presbyterian Church; belongs to the City Chamber of Commerce, and for many years has impressed his influence for good in his community. ARTHUR MILLER, member of the road contracting firm of Miller Brothers at Gallipolis, and also in the real estate and insurance business, was for many years an educator, and is well known for his capable work in the schools of Gallia and adjoining counties. Mr. Miller was born at Vesuvius Furnace in Lawrence County, Ohio, March 5, 1875, son of Daniel J. and Elizabeth. (Freye). Miller, and grandson of Frederick and Louise Miller, and John and Katherine Freye. Frederick Miller came from Germany when about seven years of age, his parents settling in Lawrence County among the pioneers. Daniel J. Miller, who died June 10, 1910, became well known in several sections of Southern Ohio. He was a Union soldier at the time of the Civil war, serving with the One Hundred Sixth Ohio Regiment, and was once captured. After the war he became a contractor in the operation of iron furnaces, and he also served his county as a county commissioner. He was active in the republican party. His wife, Elizabeth Freye, died September 9, 1922. Their children were : Arthur; John, who married Retta Thierry, and they have two children, Ella Gertrude and Mary Katherine; William, who married Cora Howard and whose three children are Mary, Joseph and Billie ; Lewis, who married Mame Drummond and have one daughter, Ruth; and Jacob, who married Parney Wickline, and have a daughter, Opal. Arthur Miller was educated in the public schools of Gallia County, attending high school at Willamsburg, and continued his education in Rio. Grande College and Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, where he finished both the academic and commercial courses. He began teaching while attending high school at Williamsburg, and continued his own education in the intervals of teaching. His service as an educator covered a period of eighteen years, most of the time in grade schools. Mr. Miller in 1914 was elected county auditor of Gallia County, and filled that office for two terms, including the period of the World war. During the war he was also head of the county food administration, and set a high standard in the conduct of his duties in that capacity. Since leaving the office of county auditor he has been associated with his brothers in the firm of Miller Brothers, contractors and road constructors. He is also head of the firm Miller & Walker in the real estate and insurance business. Mr. Miller married in December, 1897, at Gallipolis, Miss Amelia Miller, of the same family name but not related. Her parents, John and Rachael (Grube) Miller, had nine children, named John, Henry, Fred, George, August, Lena, Sophia, Kate and Amelia. Mr. and Mrs. Miller 's three children are Hugh W., who married Hallie Martin and has a son, Daniel M.; Harry M. and Katherine M. Mr. Miller is a Methodist and his wife a Lutheran, and his fraternal affiliations are with the Masonic lodge and Elks. CHARLES F. SWANSON, who for the past ten years has been one of the leading men in mercantile affairs at Gallipolis, is a native of. Ohio, and represents a family that was among the early settlers of Ohio, the Swansons having established a home at Cheshire in Gallia County during Civil war days. These Ohio Swansons are among the descendants of a Colonial American who came from Sweden about the year 1635. Some of these descendants lived. in New Jersey and in and around Philadelphia,, and one branch went to Virginia. There has been about four or five generations of this family in Virginia, the most prominent member at this time being United States Senator HISTORY OF OHIO - 9 Swanson of Virginia. It was from Virginia that one branch of the Swansons came to Ohio. Charles F. Swanson's grandparents were Silas and Augusta Swanson, and his father was Frank F. Swanson, who died in 1922. He spent his active life in the marble and granite business and for some time was in business in Huntington; West Virginia. He also held some local offices and attended the Methodist Episcopal Church. Frank F.. Swanson married Rachel A. Given, who died in 1911. Her father was Joseph Given, and this family came from New England. Frank F. Swanson and wife had three children : Charles F., who was born at Cheshire in Gallia County, Ohio, May 4, 1874; Harry; and Myrtle, who is the wife of J. A. Jones and has two children. Charles F. Swanson acquired his early education in the public schools at Gallipolis, attending high school, but before graduating left to become an employe in the hardware store of the J. M. Kerr Company. He was with that firm for about twenty years. Then, in 1914, he engaged in business for himself as a hardware merchant at Gallipolis, and has one of the best stores in this section of Ohio in point of system and appearance, and also in volume of business. Mr. Swanson, while not in politics, is thoroughly interested in the affairs of his community. He is a Methodist, a Knight Templar Mason, a member of the Modern Woodmen of America and Junior Order United American Mechanics. He married in March, 1900, at Gallipolis, Miss Laura Morton, daughter of Samuel and Clara (Douglas) Morton, both now deceased. Her 'father was for many years in business at Middleport, operating planing mills, lumber yards, and also a river dock. He was an Odd Fellow and a Methodist. Mrs. Swanson is one of a family of two sons and four daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Swanson have one child, Miss Edith, now attending school at Gallipolis. ALBERT G. WITTE has for many years been one of the prominent citizens of Ottawa County. His home is at Elmore, and for several years past he has been extensively engaged in the road contracting business, building many miles of highway over Northern Ohio. For nine years he held the office of postmaster at Elmore, during the Wilson administration and into the Harding administration. Through civil service rules his son Carl is the present postmaster, and also a partner of his father in the firm of A. G. Witte and son. Albert G. Witte was born on a farm four miles east of Elmore, October 17, 1861, son of Charles and Fredericka (Franch) Witte. His parents were natives of Germany, came to the United States when young people, were married here and became farmers . in Northwestern Ohio. Charles Witte devoted his years to farming until late in life, when he moved to Toledo and retired, spending the last ten years of his life there. He was a successful farmer and stock raiser, and in politics voted the republican ticket until after the Tilden-Hayes campaign of 1876.. He was a devout member of the German Reformed Church, St. John's at Elmore, and all his children received their early advantages in St. John's parochial schools, learning to read and write German as well as English. Albert G. Witte had further educational advantages in the high school at Elmore, and also attended school at Toledo. His years to the age of twenty-three were identified with the farm and its interests. He bought a butchers shop in connection with the retail meat business, and became a shipper of livestock to the Cleveland, Buffalo and Chicago markets. He was president of the National Shippers Company, and one winter bought through that organization 180 carloads of live stock in Chicago, and shipped to the Cleveland market. Mr. Witte was active in the business of buying and shipping livestock for many years. Then came his appointment to the position of postmaster, and since retiring from that office he has given his attention to contracting. He started the contracting business in a very small way by taking a contract to pave a short street in his home town. Since then he has constructed the highway between Elmore and Toledo, and a portion of the Sandusky and Columbus roads. Mr. Witte has been active in the democratic party. He served four years on the Elmore Town Council, was a member of the commission and had charge of the building of the Ottawa County Courthouse. He has always been a Lutheran in religious matters. Mr. Witte married Evylin Pratt, daughter of Kellogg and Caroline Pratt. Mrs. Witte died August 23, 1918, and of her four children a son, Jack, died at the age of four years. Mrs. Witte was a member of the Methodist Church. The three living children are: Bertha, wife of Edwin- Damschroeder, a clothing merchant of Toledo; Florence, wife of John Dromgold, of Elmore; and Carl. Carl Witte is Elmore 's present postmaster. He was educated in the public schools and in the Missouri State Normal School at Kirksville. LEROY L. BELT, M. D. A prominent younger member of the medical profession in Ottawa County, Doctor Belt was an American surgeon in France during the war. He comes of a family of professional men, his father being one of the practicing physicians in that state today, and others have made names for themselves in other professions. Leroy L. Belt was born at Kenton, Ohio, May 27, 1892. His, father is Dr. William A. Belt, now sixty-two years of age. His grandfather, Rev. Leroy A. Belt, D. D., was a graduate of Ohio Wesleyan University, held the degree Doctor of Divinity, and filled many pastorates in the Methodist Church over Ohio, 'being presiding elder of the Delaware and Toledo districts. There have been eighteen members of the Belt family who have received degrees from Ohio Wesleyan University. William A. Belt, Jr., a brother of Dr. Leroy L. Belt, has recently finished his senior year there and is preparing for the medical profession. Dr. William A. Belt, graduated in 1884 from the Cincinnati Medical College, and for forty years has been active in his profession at Kenton. He was born, at Wapakoneta, Ohio, and is a graduate of Ohio Wesleyan University. Dr. William A. Belt is one of the best known members of the Masonic order in Ohio. He has served as grand master of the Ohio Grand Lodge, as presiding officer of the state council,. and at Boston was awarded the supreme honor of the thirty-third degree in Scottish Rite Masonry. He was a member of the building committee of the. Ohio Masonic Hospital at Springfield, and he served on the commission representing Ohio at the Omaha exposition, being appointed by Governor Bushnell. Dr. William A. Belt is an active republican, he married Alba Webster. Leroy L. Belt graduated from the Kenton High School at the age of seventeen, took his Doctor of Science degree at Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, and in 1916 graduated as a Doctor of Medicine from Western Reserve Medical College of Cleveland. During his senior year he had quite an assignment of work in St. Clair Hospital. He served one year as an interne at the Babies Hospital, and had one year in the Harper Hospital at Detroit. In June, 1917, he was commissioned as first lieutenant in the Army Medical Corps and went with. the Harper Hospital Unit over to France, having been stationed at the Harper Base Hospital at Digon, France. He was 10 - HISTORY OF OHIO promoted to captain while in France, and was in the service twenty-two months. Following his return to this country he was again at Harper Hospital for a few months, and then became associated with his father in practice at Kenton, continuing until January, 1922, when he came to Ottawa County in charge of the Kelley Island Line and Transportation Company,s Hospital at Marblehead. Doctor Belt married Miss Frances Jordan, who is a graduate .nurse of Harper Hospital at Detroit and saw service overseas as a nurse with the Harper Hospital Unit. Doctor and Mrs. Belt have two children, Leroy, Jr., and Mary Katherine. Doctor Belt is affiliated with the Masonic Lodge at Kenton, the Sandusky Commandery, Knights of Pythias, and is a member of the County, State and American Medical associations. While a student in Ohio Wesleyan University he was prominent in athletics, being a member of the baseball and track teams. ERNEST HURST CHERRINGTON. Becoming sincerely attached :to the cause of temperance when a youth, his developing career as a newspaper man soon brought Ernest Hurst Cherrington the publicity work of the cause, and for many years he has been one of the best known anti-saloon league workers in America. He is a native Ohioan, and is now an official member of the capital of the temperance forces in the United States, Westerville, Ohio. Mr. Cherrington was born at Hamden, in Vinton County, in Southern Ohio, November 24, 1877, son of Rev. George and Elizabeth Ophelia (Paine) Cherrington. His .father was a Methodist minister. Mr. Cherrington received his early school advantages in the communities where his father was a pastor, and subsequently he taught school to defray his expenses while attending Ohio Wesleyan University from 1893 to 1897. Besides teaching he did some editorial work for Ohio newspapers. Mr. Cherrington did not graduate from Ohio Wesleyan, but a number of years later in 1921 in recognition of his achievements and work, Ohio Wesleyan bestowed upon him the honorary degree Bachelor of Laws and in 1922 Otterbein College honored him with the degree Doctor of Letters. During 1900-01 Mr. Cherrington was editor of the Kingston Tribune in Ohio, and left that post to enter the regular work of the Ohio Anti-Saloon League as superintendent of the Canton District in 1902. During 1903-04 he was state assistant superintendent of the Ohio League and then. went West and became associate editor Of the Pacific Issue at Seattle in 1905, and was state superintendent of the Anti-Saloon League of Washington in 1906-07 and during the same period was editor of the Citizen of Seattle. Up to that time the printing and publishing of periodicals and supplies for the Anti-Saloon Leagues had been uncoordinated and each state league handled this branch of its business by contract with commercial printing, houses in various cities. In the interest of economy and to standardize the publications and publicity of the league, it was decided to establish a national printing plant. Westerville, Ohio, was chosen for the site of the new national printing house, and there has been developed during the past fifteen years one of the model printing industries of the country, with mechanical facilities that rival those of some of the large magazine and other printing plants of the country. Mr. Cherrington was chosen associate editor of the American Issue, which was to be the official organ of the Anti-Saloon League. The editor at that time was Dr. J. C. Jackson, of Columbus, Ohio, the venerable and beloved leader of the Ohio forces. Soon fter the inauguration of the plans for a national printing plant Doctor Jackson died, and thereupon Mr: Cherrington was appointed editor of the American Issue and also became general manager of the department of publishing interests of the Anti-Saloon League of America. As general manager he was responsible for the policies and progress of the printing plant. Other editorial duties included his service as editor for the American Patriot in 1912-16, and during 1915-16 he was editor of the National Daily at Westerville, and from 1916 to 1919 he was managing director of the Richmond Virginian, a daily newspaper. Since 1908 he has been editor of the Anti-Saloon League Year Book, and has been a contributor to many periodicals and magazines. He is author of a number of books and pamphlets on temperance reform, including the history of the Anti-Saloon League,- the Evolution of Prohibition in the United States of America, America and the World Liquor Problem, and is editor of the Standard Encyclopedia of the Alcohol Problem, now in process of publication. For a number of years Mr. Cherrington has been secretary of the national committee of the Anti-Saloon League, is a general manager of the American Issue Publishing Company, is president of the Scientific Temperance Federation, is secretary of the National Temperance Council, is director and chairman of the executive committee of the Inter-collegiate Prohibition Association, and general secretary of the World League Against Alcoholism. Both at home and abroad his service has been of distinctive character as a leader in temperance forces. He was appointed delegate on the part of the United States Government to the Thirteenth International Congress against Alcoholism at The Hague in 1911, at the Fourteenth International Congress at Milan in 1913, served as secretary of the Fifteenth International Congress at Washington in 1920, and was appointed a delegate to the Sixteenth International Congress held at Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1921, and to the Seventeenth International Congress, held at Copenhagen in 1923. Mr. Cherrington is one of the prominent Methodist laymen of Ohio. He was a lay delegate from the Ohio Conference to the General Conferences in 1916 again in 1920, and again in 1924. He is a member of the General Conference Commission on Unification, having been elected a member of the executive committee of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, 1920-24, and was chairman of the Cincinnati Area of the Methodist Centenary in 1919. During 1920-24 he was a member of the executive committee of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America. Doctor Cherrington is a member of the College fraternity Phi Delta Theta, and holds the supreme honorary thirty-third degree in Scottish Rite Masonry. On March 17, 1903, he married Betty Clifford Denny, of Greenville, Illinois. They have two children, Ernest and Anne Elizabeth. WILLIAM MILLIS SHINNICK was born in Zanesville, Ohio, December 21, 1846, and was a resident of that city until his death, May 30, 1923. He was the son of George L. and Mary Millis Shinnick, who came from the East, were married in 1843, and lived the remainder of their lives in Zanesville, Ohio. Of ten children William M. was third in order of birth. He attended the public schools of Zanesville, and at an unusually early age, even in those days, assumed business responsibilities in his father ,s cordage factory, of which he became the successful manager. During the whole of his efficient and successful business life he was intensely interested and active in the welfare of Zanesville and its people; his sound judgment, service, and financial help contributing very largely to the upbuilding of that city. Though HISTORY OF OHIO - 11 always a man of decided and outspoken opinion, his invariably sensible and fair attitude toward others ever secured for him in remarkable degree the respect and cooperation of the many political, religious, civic and business interests and organizations, incidental to the growth and advancement of a modern community. In his early life he served in various positions of trust, first as secretary of the city water works. In 1878 he was elected to the board of education, serving in the several positions of president, treasurer and. clerk of the board. He continued a member for thirty-one years. From 1881 to 1886 he served as city clerk, then as assistant postmaster for three years. In 1889 he was again elected city clerk, and held that position until 1895, when he resigned and turned his attention to the manufacture of tile. In 1894 the Mosaic Tile Company was organized, with W. M. Shinnick as general manager, secretary and treasurer. This business has enjoyed a remarkably steady and uniform growth under the able, conscientious direction of Mr. Shinnick, until it has become one of the greatest of its kind in the world. The corporation is regarded as unique in its practical freedom from labor troubles; and the fact that it has never borrowed money by stock selling or otherwise to finance its immense expansion, such requirements having always been met by the proceeds of the business. Mr. Shinnick himself attributed much of his success to his keeping his appointments "on time." In his own words, "I have no right to waste another 's time any more than he has mine." For years he was first at the factory—"If I am not interested enough to be there, why should the others be?" He was one of, as well as one among, men, easily approached, always ready to listen and approve or disapprove of the questions brought before him. In his dealings with his employes he depended upon his remarkable memory, never having a written contract. It was his oft expressed belief that if after a complete understanding a man was dissatisfied or thought he could do better, the organization was better without that man. At the time of his death Mr. Shinnick was president, treasurer, general manager and majority stock- holder of the Mosaic Tile Company. In the death of Mr. Shinnick every walk of life in the city of Zanesville sustained a great loss. His keen judgment and knowledge of affairs made his advice desirable and inevitable, he being vice president of the First Trust and Savings Bank, and a director in the First National Bank. Turning now to his work in philanthropy and charity, it is but just to speak in far greater praise than he would have sanctioned during life. Always a willing and generous contributor to the church and all worthy charitable causes, he in 1917, his business partner and lifelong friend, W. M. Bateman, doing the same, pledged $25,000 as a nucleus of the fund for a new Young Men's Christian Association for Zanesville. There were no conditions attached, except that Mr. Shinniek stipulated that of the entire amount raised, $10,000 should go toward the establishment of a Young Women 's Christian Association. He also contributed liberally to both of these institutions later, and his entire fortune, the largest benefaction ever left to Zanesville, was left in a foundation for the perpetual benefit of the Bethesda Hospital, the Day Nursery, the Helen Purcell Home, the Zanesville Welfare Association, and the establishment and maintenance of a fund for the education of worthy young people of Zanesville this latter bequest to be called the William M. Shinnick Educational Fund. This fund is to be the ultimate beneficiary in the event of the dissolution of any or all the others. Following the death of Mr. Shinnick's widow and his relatives the entire income of this foundation will go to the philanthropies named. Mr. Shinnick's business associates and friends said of him : "He was a friend to all his fellowmen, and his charities were distributed without ostentation or display, without any desire on his part that his benefactions be made known, many cases of distress being relieved and many young men being helped over rough roads when their need was the greatest." Mr. Shinnick was long an official member of the Central Presbyterian Church, and was at the time of his death a member of the board of trustees. He was a thirty-second degree Mason, also affiliated with many other fraternal orders. On January 5, 1888, Mr. Shinnick was united in marriage with Alice Ebert, daughter of Elias Ebert, of Zanesville, Ohio, who died in 1908. In 1910 he was united in marriage with Dr. Anna M. Hill, of Zanesville. ' William M. Shinnick lived a life of devotion to his God, his country, his family, his friends and his business, and his memory will ever live; loved, honored and revered by all. He was REAL—' What greater honor hath any man?' " AMERICAN ISSUE PUBLISHING COMPANY. Westerville as the headquarters of the Anti-Saloon League Forces of America became in 1909 the home of the National Printing and Publication Department of the league. The American Issue Publishing Company is under the direction of the Department of Publishing Interests of the Anti-Saloon League of America. It is the largest reform publishing house in the world, producing nothing but temperance and prohibition literature and supplies. The printing plant and office altogether employ on the average of 125 people. The output includes books, pamphlets, posters, advertising material of many kinds, newspapers and periodicals. About 14,000,000 copies of the American Issue are printed annually. This includes the various state editions of the paper, which is the official organ of the Anti-Saloon League, and also includes the large number of subscriptions which are mailed to sixty-six other countries of the world. Approximately 245,000,000 copies of books, pamphlets, leaflets, etc., were printed from October 1, 1909, to January 1, 1924. Probably no town of its size in the United States contains so much genuine distinction based upon wholesome activities as Westerville. It is the smallest town in the United States possessing a first class postoffice. This is due to the fact that the American Issue Publishing Company has placed as much as eleven tons of mail matter on the trains out of Westerville in a single day. LAWRENCE SATTERFIELD. One of the prominent industries of Port Clinton is the Gypsum Canning Company, which operates a large canning plant there and also has plants at Bellevue, Ohio, and Cherry Home, Michigan. The product of these plants is sold through all parts of the United States, the annual pack of vegetables and fruits representing the highest grade of material in the canners' art. Some years ago the owners of the Gypsum Canning Company sent a representative to Maryland, the home of the first commercial canning company in America, to find an expert in the management of such a property, and the man they selected was Lawrence Satterfield, who for a number of years had been identified with commercial canning in Maryland. The president of the Gypsum Canning Company is Henry Haserot, of Cleveland, the secretary is George Winger, and the treasurer, F. H. Haserot, while Mr. Satterfield has the general management of the business. The cannery at Port Clinton was originally built and established by a group of local people, but in 1908 it was taken over by the group .of Cleveland men mentioned above. Since then the company has acquired a half interest in the Hefner and Pickett 12 - HISTORY OF OHIO cherry orchard, and subsequently took over the remainder of this property. The company cans the entire output of a block of 190 acres of red sour cherries. At Cherry Home, Michigan, the company has a complete little town of its own, owning 560 acres of land, 200 acres in cherries. The company also packed a large amount of tomatoes and peaches, handling the crop from about 350 acres of tomatoes annually. Some of the largest wholesale houses in the country handle and distribute this product, including Sprague Warner and Company. Mr. Satterfield was born at Greensboro, Caroline County, Maryland, October 3, 1866, son of William C. and Phoebe J. (Allen) Satterfield, the former a native of Delaware and the latter of Maryland. William C. Satterfield served as a Confederate soldier with a Maryland regiment, and for two years of the war was confined as a prisoner at Fort Delaware. He was in the saw mill industry and also a merchant, and acquired extensive tracts of land in Dorchester County, Delaware, Caroline and Queen Ann counties, Maryland, and he died land poor. He operated three saw mills, and also maintained a line of boats in traffic between Greensboro and Baltimore. He was a member of the Episcopal Church and was a democrat. William C. Satterfield died in 1896, at the age of seventy-six, and his widow survived him until 1917, passing away at the age of eighty-seven. They were the parents of two sons and three daughters. The other son is Calvin, who was educated for the law, is owner of a hotel at Cape May, New Jersey, but has his home at Richmond, Virginia. During the war he was in the Department of Justice at Washington. Lawrence Satterfield finished his education in Swarthmore College, the prominent Quaker school at Philadelphia. He was active in athletics. He left college to take charge of his father 's farms and timberlands, and in 1888 became interested in the canning industry, and until coming to Ohio was a canner of peaches, pumkins, tomatoes, string beans, peas, chickens and turkeys. His brother-in-law, A. A. Christian who was former department head in the Gimble Brothers store at Philadelphia, now has charge of the lands of the William C. Satterfield estate. Mr. Satterfield married Louetta Gordon, daughter of John Gordon, of Port Clinton, Ohio. They have one son, Allen, born in 1917. r. Satterfield is a member of the Episcopal Church, while Mrs. Satterfield is a Methodist. He is affiliated with the Masonic order, the Kiwanis Club, and is a democrat. WILLIAM THOMAS ROBERTS is one of the best known labor representatives in Eastern Ohio. He is secretary-treasurer of the Miners Union, with headquarters at the Miners Temple at Bellaire. He has served as a member of the Legislature, and has also been active in business. He was born at Shawnee, Perry County, Ohio May 1, 1881, son. of Thomas and Mary (Davis) Roberts. His parents were born in Wales. His father came to the United States when a small boy and spent his active career as a miner in Perry County, Ohio, where he died when his son William Thomas was a small child. The mother was also brought to the United States when a girl, and died in 1895. William Thomas Roberts was the second of four children, and was fourteen years of age when the death of his mother made him an orphan. In the meantime, after a few terms of school, he went to work around the mines of Perry County at the age of eleven, also spent sometime mining at Crooksville. He came to Belmont County in 1901, following his occupation as a miner. His home since 1901 has been at Barton. However, from 1906 to 1912 he was in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as a street car motorman. Through all the years he has been active in union labor circles and in democratic politics. He served as registrar for his district and is a member of the county central committee. On returning to Belmont County in 1912 he entered the employ of the G. & 0. Coal Company, and was active in the service of that company until 1922. He is now in business as a merchant at Barton. Mr. Roberts has had an active part in the mine workers , union since 1903. In1916 he was a member of the wage scale committee, and in 1916 was appointed a member of the building committee, and served as its secretary while the Miners Temple was being constructed at Bellaire. This is perhaps the finest labor temple in the country in a city of its size. In 1922 he again served on the wage scale committee, as chairman, and in October, 1923, was made secretary and treasurer of sub district No. 5, of district No. 6 of the United Mine Workers of America. He has been a delegate at a number of state and national labor conventions. Sine 1916 he has held the office of justice of the peace, and for a number of years- was on the school board. From 1920 to 1922 he was a member of the democratic county executive committee, and in 1918 was a candidate at the primaries for the democratic nomination for Congress in the Eighteenth Ohio District. While a member of the Ohio Legislature Mr. Roberts, served on the labor, mining building and loan and election committees, being secretary of the mines committee. Alone he waged and won the fight for the removal of the penalty eight hours clause in the constitution of Ohio. He was also active in behalf of state aid for schools. Mr. Roberts is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Barton, and teacher in the Sunday school. He has twice been chancellor commander and is deputy grand chancellor of Barton Lodge No. 737, Knights of Pythias, is a member of the Community Club of Barton, and during the World war was chairman of his township and perfected the organization of the township for the sale of War Savings Stamps. His hobby is Americanization work among the mining population of Eastern Ohio. At Barton, Ohio, in April, 1904, Mr. Roberts married Miss Mary R. Ray, who was born and reared on a farm at Barton, daughter of William Ray, a farmer and mine worker. He is an active member of the Methodist Church and various social clubs. They have five children: Felecia, William Thomas, (who is in business with his father at Barton), David John, Mary Margaret and Paul Revere. FREDERICK WILLIAM WEYMUELLER by practical work beginning when a boy knows every phase of coal mining in the Hooking Valley, reached the rank of mining superintendent, but in late years has given his attention chiefly to the automobile business. He is president of the Elite Motor Bus Company, operating one of the most perfect systems of automobile bus services in Ohio. The chief points in the service are Shawnee, New Straitsville and Logan, Mr. Weymueller's home and headquarters being at New Straitsville. The business is incorporated with Mr. Weymueller, president and his son, N. S. Weymueller, general manager. Mr. Weymueller has been the authorized Ford dealer at New Straitsville since 1916. He was born at Zanesville, Ohio, July 18, 1867, son of Ferdinand and Christina (Fetzer) Weymueller, natives of Germany, his father coming to this country when seventeen years of age, after having acquired a liberal education in the German schools. The parents are now living at Logan, the father at seventy-six and the mother at seventy-five. They were married at HISTORY OF OHIO - 13 Zanesville, after which they lived at Cumberland, Maryland; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Nelsonville, Ohio; and finally moved to Logan. Ferdinand Weymueller was in the brewing business for a number of years, but since 1910 has been land agent for the Hocking Valley Products Company. He served four years on the Hocking County Board of . County Commissioners, is a democrat and a Lutheran, and is affiliated with the Royal Arch Chapter and Council degrees in Masonry. His home has been in Hocking County for twenty-five years, and he is one of the highly regarded citizens there. For many years he owned and operated a model farm near Logan. Ferdinand Weymueller and wife had three sons: Frederick William; John, who is interested in coal production and lives at Nelsonville; and one son that died in childhood. Frederick William Weymueller was about nine years of age when the family moved to Nelsonville, and after a limited attendance in the common schools he went to work in the mines for W. B. Brooks. As he puts it, he was then not tall enough .to carry a dinner bucket without dragging it on the ground. He had experience in all the work of an underground_ miner, finally having been promoted to electrical machine operator at Doanville and Floodwood for Raybold Brothers. He was also 'on a machine for the Sunday Creek Coal Company. As superintendent he opened the mine and erected a tipple for the Gem Coal Company. After that Mr. Weymueller was superintendent for the Columbus Hocking Coal and Iron Company, a corporation that is now known as the Hocking Valley Products Company. He was superintendent of the company while operating both coal mines and oil wells. Mr. Weymueller has the distinction of having driven the stakes for the first oil wells in this district of Ohio. For two years he operated the Central Mine at New Straitsville, and while there engaged in the general mercantile business under the name of the Ohio Trading Company, and was active in that business for three years. He left the business to go into the garage and automobile service, which now demands his time and attention. During the four years he was a member of the Nelsonville City Council Mr. Weymueller took the lead in getting an electric light and power plant for that village. He is a republican, and he and his son Murel are both Knight Templar Masons and members of the Masonic Grotto. He married in 1893 Miss Bell Blackburn, who was born at Carbondale in Athens County, daughter of Silas Blackburn. Their two sons are Murel S. and Glen. Both are graduates of high school and Glen took a business course at Columbus. Murel was for twenty-two months in the United States service, in the motor truck division, and after training at Camp Sherman went overseas and helped transport ammunition and supplies to the battle fronts along the Meuse-Argonne sector and Ypres. He is a member of the Baptist Church. The son Glen is an employe of the Chesepeake & Ohio Railway Company. WILLIAM A. MILLER was a maker of shoes. That was the business by which he justified his career as a purposeful and worthy worker among his fellow men. For twenty years before his death he was president of the H. C. Godman Company, the largest concern of its kind in the Columbus industrial district. Permeating his business and its personnel and all the relationships of a busy life, he exemplified a character that those who were close to him esteemed as even more important than any of his material achievements. In a degree rare among men he exemplified the philosophy of life that whatever a man does in this world adds to or subtracts from our civilization, and that it is well worth a man's time to live a correct life even though there be no hereafter, since such a life and its influence increase the moral assets of the world. The keynote of his life was work, but industry was only one of a happy combination of qualities, including vision, initiative earnestness and enthusiasm, high ideals and worthy ambitions, and a generosity that manifested itself in thousands "of unremembered acts of kindness and of love." He believed in himself, rejoiced in his work, was proud of his product, trusted his fellow man, respected the rights of others, asking of no one more than he was ready to give. In his opinions he was firm, without intolerance, was plain concise in speech, in manner earnest, in judgments kind, and was loyal to home, community, country and, above all, to the essential principles of Christian conduct. William A. Miller was born in Lancaster, Ohio, November 13, 1857. His father was a shoemaker, and he gained his first lessons in the trade at his father 's bench. His schooling was the equivalent of not more than four years in the public schools, gained in the Lutheran parochial school at Lancaster. He continued work in his father 's shop until he was nineteen, and from that time succeeded in, carrying out his resolutions to be totally dependent upon his own resources. Going to Columbus, he found employment at meager wages with the firm Hodder & Godman, leather merchants, his salary and his thrifty habits putting him under the necessity of sleeping in the store room. His energy and diligence attracted the attention of his employers, and finally they yielded to his enthusiastic appeal to undertake the manufacture from waste cuttings of a shoe for infants that could be turned out cheaper and better than that made in the New England shops. The introductory campaign to sell these shoes brought so many orders that Mr. Miller found his ingenuity taxed to the utmost to supply the demand. That was his first business claim, and it's outcome insured his success. His employers after that gave him their fullest confidence and support. Subsequently it was through his advice that the firm began the manufacture of a line of women's and children's shoes. When the old firm dissolved William A. Miller became a member of the reorganization and manager of the H. C. Godman Company. With this and its predecessor Mr. Miller was actively identified for forty-five years, and his faithful and constructive service was in a great measure responsible for the development of the business into a great industry, including four plants which he established in his native town of Lancaster. William A. Miller in 1901 became president of the H. C. Godman Company, and continued as its chief executive until his death on September 2, 1921. He died at his summer home in Northern Michigan. His successor in business as president of the H. C. Godman Company is his son, Frederick A. Miller, whose career is sketched elsewhere. The late William A. Miller had a wide scope of other business interests, including the Claycraft Mining & Brick Company, the Marble' Cliff Quarries Company, the Jones Heel Company, the Lancaster Tire & Rubber Company, the Ohio Steel Foundry Company, the Columbus Forge & Iron Company and the Columbus Union Oil Cloth Company. It has been noted that he had only a brief period of schooling, but that did not measure his real education, which was never ending. His favorite subjects of study were history and science. He enjoyed such pastimes as fishing and golf, and he remained a life-long member of the Immanuel Lutheran Church at Lancaster. Mr. Miller married, December 31, 1877, Miss Anna M. Halbedel. She survived him. There were two 14 - HISTORY OF OHIO children, the sou Frederick A. and the daughter, Mrs. B. C. Morse, Jr. The concluding lines of this brief biography will be taken up appropriately by a quotation in part from the memorial resolution adopted by the employes of the H. C. Godman Company, following the death of the president. "In his departure, we have each lost a leader of unusual ability, a willing and capable advisor, a fine and loyal friend, with whom our association has ever been the most cordial, intimate and confiding; while we shall miss his counsel and guidance in our daily tasks hereafter, the respect and reverence which we have for his memory will serve to bind us more closely together in a community of mutual sympathy, helpfulness and understanding. We know of no memorial that will express more appropriately and adequately the respect and love that we bore our good old chief than the pledge which we here acknowledge, to carry forward the work in which we have been so happily associated with him in the same spirit in which he ever directed and inspired our efforts. As an evidence of our intention and purpose to preserve and maintain the high ideals of the organization, which he built up and perfected with pardonable pride and satisfaction, we will give to his successor and son, Frederick A. Miller, in whom we have the fullest faith and confidence, our best efforts and our most loyal support. We extend to Frederick A. Miller, and his mother and sister, and the other members of the bereaved family our deepest sympathy, and a copy of these resolutions is presented to each of them as a permanent reminder of the esteem and respect in which we hold their loved one, and as a token of our appreciation of the grand old chief whose life has been an inspiration to us all and whom we shall strive to emulate in modesty and achievement." FREDERICK AUGUSTUS MILLER is president of the H. C. Godman Company, a shoe manufacturing organization that takes its place among the largest and most successful industries of the kind in the country. Mr. Miller represents the third successive generation of the family to be in this line of business in Ohio. He accepted his opportunities for early apprenticeship, and with eminent natural gifts and qualifications has while still comparatively young achieved a reputation as one of the recognized financial and industrial leaders of the state. Every civic and many other organizations of Columbus have similarly recognized the indispensable assistance he could give in insuring the success of worthy movements. Mr. Miller was born at Columbus, October 14, 1879, a son of William A. and Anna Maria (Halbedel) Miller. His grandfather, Gotlieb Miller, came from Germany in 1835. He had been trained to the art of shoe making in the arduous and thorough German system, and at Lancaster, Ohio, he opened a small shoe shop. He made it something more than a local shop for the cobbling of boots and shoes. Under his ownership it developed into a profitable business of considerable proportions, specializing in bench made custom shoes. William A. Miller, of the second generation of the family, was born at Lancaster, learned the shoe business under his father, and eventually, in 1876, moved to Columbus. For a time he was a clerk in the firm of Hodder & Godman, leather merchants, later became a member of the firm J. H. Godman & Company, and, finally, with H. C. Godman organized the H. C. Godman Company, shoe manufacturers. William A. Miller was president of this business for a number of years. He died in September, 1921. Frederick Augustus Miller was accorded most liberal educational opportunities and while his father was well satisfied to see him take up the shoe business he wanted him trained in the broadest possible manner for a successful business career. After graduating from the Columbus High School in 1897 he entered Ohio State University, took the full course and graduated Doctor of Philosophy in 1901. Then, complying with his father 's request, he entered the law department but after six months decided not to continue the studies any longer since he had no real ambition to become a lawyer. In the meantime, as a boy in high school and college, he had gained considerable practical experience in his father 's business. He worked Saturdays and during vacations at the plant of H. C. Godman Company without wages. On leaving law school he resumed his work in the factory, on an agreement that he was to work two years without pay, and at the end of that time was either to be paid wages or discharged. It was in the closing weeks of 1901 that he went on duty in Factory No. 1, beginning in what is now known as "efficiency" studies. By the end of the first year he had demonstrated that he had in him the making of a first class shoe manufacturer. Accordingly was formally installed as superintendent of Factory No. 1, with a salary. In 1904 he was made general manager of the company 's five plants. This number has since increased to nine plants. Still later he was made vice president in addition to general manager, and after the death of his father he succeeded as president of the corporation. This is Columbus, pioneer and greatest shoe manufacturing industry, and Mr. Miller in every step of his promotion has demonstrated his ability and qualifications as a worthy man for putting the organization in the front rank of similar industries in America. He has infused his personal leadership and administrative ability throughout the working organization. In addition Mr. Miller has a large number of other business responsibilities. He is a director of the Ohio National Bank, one of the state 's greatest financial institutions, and is interested in the City National Bank. He is either a director or officer in the following corporations: Arrow Sand & Gravel Company, Claycraft Mining & Brick Company, Columbus Forge & Iron Company, Columbus Union Oil Cloth Company, Jones Heel Company, Lancaster Tire & Rubber Company, Marble Cliff Quarries Company, The Miller-Lerch Shoe Manufacturing Company, Midland Mutual Life Insurance Company, and the Ohio Steel Foundry Company at Lima and the Vapo Stove Company at Lima. During the period of the World war both the government and the community gave him greatly increased responsibilities, looking to him naturally as a leader in such critical times. He went into all the movements for the support and relief of the soldier boys, and was one of the organizers and was made vice president and still later elected president of the Columbus "three million dollars and over war chest," which proved one of the most successful undertakings of the kind in the country and consequently received a great deal of favorable publicity. Mr. Miller was also chairman of the District Manufacturers Commission for Central Ohio, acting in cooperation with the War Industries Board, and was a member of the National Shoe Manufacturers War Service Committee. His war work was in the minds of local business men and civic leaders when at a meeting in February, 1923, he was chosen chairman of the Building Fund Committee for the benefit of the Young Men's Christian Association. A short time before America entered the World war a campaign for the Young Men's Christian Association had accumulated a fund of nearly -half a million dollars. On account of war time conditions the directors decided to defer the building program, and by 1922 this program had assumed an increased scope so that it involved an outlay of more HISTORY OF OHIO - 15 than one and a half million dollars. The campaign for funds of which Mr. Miller was given charge in 1923 had as its objective the raising of approximately $900,000. On July 1, 1924, Mr. Miller was selected by Governor Donahey as chairman of the Ohio Relief Commission, appointed by the governor for the relief and rehabilitation of the cyclone devastated area of Northern Ohio. More than seventy lives were lost, several hundred persons were injured and tremendous damage to property resulted from the tornado that swept the cities of Lorain and Sandusky and the rural sections of Lorain Sandusky, Erie, Huron, Medina and Portage counties on June 28, 1924. The commission, under Mr. Miller 's direction, thoroughly organized a campaign for a state wide appeal. Through its efforts, and with the aid of local committees in Lorain, approximately $1,000,000 was secured by popular subscriptions and from other sources, all of which was effectively and economically administered through the Disaster Division of the American Red Cross. Mr. Miller in 1922, as a memorial to his father, donated land to the City of Lancaster, his father 's birthplace, for a public park and recreation ground, and also made provisions for the construction of a swimming pool for the park. The City of Lancaster has since given it the name of Miller Park, though the gift was made without any such proviso. Mr. Miller is a member of the Scioto Country Club, Columbus Country Club, Columbus Club and Columbus Athletic Club. April 20, 1909, he married Miss Roberta B. Miller, a native of Terre Haute, Indiana, and daugh- ter of William H. Miller, of the Mill & Mine Supply Company of that city. They have two children, Edward William and Frances Anne. HAL H. WRIGHT. One of the important industries of the City of Lisbon in Columbiana County is the Wright Manufacturing Company, founders and manufacturers of products that are sent to nearly all parts of the world. Three generations of their family have been identified with this business, the president of the company, Hal H. Wright, representing the middle generation. The founder of the business was Hugh Wright, who was born in Columbiana County, in 3835, was reared there, and in 1858 moved to Warren, in Trumbull County, where he married and followed the trade of machinist. In 1865, at the end of the Civil war, he went South and spent three years in Alabama. Then returning to Warren, he owned and operated a machine shop until 1881, when he started his business at Lisbon. He remained in active charge until 1890, when his son Hal became his successor. Hugh Wright then retired and spent his last years at Salida, Colorado, where he died in 1911. He was a republican and a member of the Masonic fraternity. His wife, Addie Hurlbut, was born in 1835, and died at Denver, Colorado, in 1918. They had four children : Clarion M., a machinist in New York City ; Miss Anna Dell, of Denver; Hal H.; and Edgar M., an employe of the Pressed Steel Car Company at Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. Hal H. Wright attended the public schools at Warren, including high school, and was eighteen when the call to practical work and business took him out of school. He learned the machinist's trade in his father 's shop at Lisbon, and has been a resident and business man of that city for over forty years. As noted above he took active charge of the business in 1890, and under him it has greatly developed and expanded its usefulness as a general foundry and machine plant. He is president and active head of the business, and his three associates are his sons Charles F., Hal F. and William F. Wright. This company manufactures an important line of chain hoists, traveling cranes and trolleys, and is one of the best equipped industries of the kind in Ohio. The products are sold and distributed all over the United States, and the export trade has been growing in volume for a number of years. The company owns the large plant and offices at the Erie Railway at the foot of Beaver Street. 125 persons find employment in this business. Mr. Wright is a republican, and has served as a member of the board of education at Lisbon, is a member of New Lisbon Lodge No. 65, Free and Accepted Masons, New Lisbon Chapter No. 92, Royal Arch Masons, Salem Commandery No. 42 Knights Templar, and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Cleveland. His home is one East Chestnut Street at Lisbon. He married in that Ohio town, December 5, 1889, Mrs. Mary Farmer, daughter of Isaac P. and Susan (Cornwell) Farmer, now deceased. Her father was a civil engineer. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Wright are the three sons named above, active associates in the Wright Manufacturing Company. Charles F. is a graduate of the Carnegie Institute of Technology of Pittsburgh. Hal F. attended the Ohio State University one year and then for three years was in the Carnegie Institute of Technology. William F., the youngest son, is a graduate of the Lisbon High School, and spent three years in the Carnegie Institute at Pittsburgh. MANLEY MILO GILMORE has been a life long resident of Geauga County, was reared on a farm and participated in farm work for several years, but for the past twenty years has been a resident of Chardon and prominently identified with two of the public utilities of that city, the Chardon Telephone Company and the Municipal Light and Waterworks. Mr. Gilmore was born at Chester, in Geauga County, February 14, 1878. His great-grandfather, Ashville Gilmore, was of Scotch-Irish descent and of a Colonial family of New England. When a young man he left New England and traveled by ox team across the mountains, settling at Chester in Geauga County when this region was a wildnerness. He spent the rest of his life as a farmer. His son, Silas Gilmore, was a life long resident of the Chester community, and owned and operated a farm there. His wife was Lois Nichols, who was born in one of the New England states and died at Chester. Weller S. Gilmore, father of Manley Milo, was born at Chester, July 2, 1847, was reared and married there, finished his education in Oberlin College, and devoted his mature years to the management and operation of a farm in that rich and productive section of Geauga County around Chester. Late in life he retired and moved to Chardon, and died at the home of his son Manley on September 18, 1922. In polities he always voted republican, and was clerk of Chester Township and clerk of the school board a number of years. He was an active supporter of the Congregational Church. His wife, Statira Ames, was born at Chester in 1851, and died at Chardon in 1920. They had just two sons, Clifford and Manley Milo. Clifford F. Gilmore is a graduate of Oberlin College and of the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Chicago, and is now practicing medicine and surgery at Chester in his old home community. Manley Milo Gilmore graduated from the high school at Chester in 1896, and busied himself with the work and responsibilities of the home farm for several years, and has always been more or less interested in farming. He and his brother Clifford still own the old homestead of 175 acres near Chester. When Mr. Gilmore moved to Chardon, in 1903, he went to work for the Chardon Telephone Company as a lineman, 16 - HISTORY OF OHIO and he has been in the service of that company ever since, advancing himself through different positions until he is now its vice president and general manager. This telephone company was established in 1895, and is one of the oldest local telephone exchanges in Northern Ohio. It supplies telephone service to Chardon and vicinity. Since 1917 Mr. Gilmore has. also been superintendent of the Municipal Electric Light and Waterworks at Chardon. He has been deservedly prosperous in his business career, and among other interests he is a stockholder in the Chardon Savings Bank Company and the Goodyear Rubber Company, and owns one of the finest homes in the county, at 114 South Street in Chardon. Mr. Gilmore is a republican, is a member of the First Methodist Episcopal Church, of Chardon Lodge No. 213, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Chardon Lodge No. 731, Knights of Pythias, and Chardon Kiwanis Club. On October 11, 1907, he married Miss Minnie McNaughton, daughter of Edison and Rose (Conley) McNaughton, now deceased. Her father was a carpenter and builder. Mr. and Mrs. Gilmore have one child, Marriam Ames, a student in the public schools at Chardon. WILLIAM H. VODREY. Representing a name and family intimately connected with pioneer and later developments of the great pottery industry of East Liverpool, William H. Vodrey chose the law as his profession, and for over a quarter of a century has been one, of the able and dignified members of the East Liverpool bar. He is also a director of the pottery business established by his father and uncles. He was born at East Liverpool, Columbiana County, March 4, •1873. The Vodrey family comes from the same locality in England, a great pottery center, from which other pioneer American potters came. His grandfather Jabez Vodrey was born at Burslem, England, came to this country when a young man, and lived for a time at Louisville, Kentucky but about 1846 established his home at East Liverpool and helped make the beginnings of the pottery industry there. He lived in East Liverpool the rest of his life. His wife, Sarah Nixon, was also born at Burslem, England. Col. William H. Vodrey, father of the East Liverpool attorney, was born at Liverpool, Kentucky, in August, 1830, spent part of his boyhood in Troy, Indiana, and was sixteen years of age when his parents settled at East Liverpool. For the rest of his life he lived in that Ohio city, and after leaving school went to work for the pottery manufacturers Woodward, Blakely & Mitchell. Subsequently he and his two brothers, James N. and John W., acquired part of the pottery plant in which they had been employed, and this was the beginning of an industry with which the Vodrey name has ever since been associated. For many years the firm was Vodrey Brothers, but in 1896 the business was incorporated as the Vodrey Pottery Company. Vodrey products contributed to some of the remarkable fame attaching to East Liverpool pottery. One of the founders of the business gave up his life as a sacrifice to the cause of the Union in the Civil war. He was John W. Vodrey, who was killed while the Union armies were near Atlanta. Col. William H. Vodrey was also an officer, being commander of the One Hundred and Forty-second Ohio Infantry, and was all through the war. He was a staunch republican, a member of the Masonic fraternity, and for a quarter of a century served as a member of the East Liverpool School Board. Colonel Vodrey married Elizabeth Jackman, who was born in 1843 near Fredericktown in St. Clair Township, Columbiana County. Her father, Rev. John Jackman, was a farmer and also a minister of the Disciples Church. One Sunday morning, when Gen. John Morgan was progressing through the southeastern counties of Ohio in his memorable raid, Rev. Mr. Jackman dismissed his congregation to join the volunteers to stop the raider. Col. William H. Vodrey died at East Liverpool, November 15, 1896, and his wife, in 1911. Of their three children William H. Vodrey is the youngest. Oliver C., the oldest, is a fruit grower in East Liverpool. Mary, of East Liverpool, was a Young Men's Christian Association worker in .the canteen service in France during the World war. William H. Vodrey attended public schools at East Liverpool, and in 1894 graduated with the Bachelor of Arts degree from Bethany College at Bethany, West Virginia. He received his law degree from the University of Michigan in 1896, and in 1897 was again graduated in law, this time from the Cincinnati Law School. Admitted to the bar in June, 1897, he has since that date been identified with the general law practice at East Liverpool and his offices are in the Potters Savings and Loan Building. Mr. Vodrey is a director of the First National Bank of East Liverpool, is a director in the Vodrey Pottery Company, and has some other property interests, including his residence on Park Boulevard. In politics he has acted with the republican party. He was elected and served two terms, four years, as city solicitor, and was also for two terms, four years, prosecuting attorney of Columbiana County. He is a member of the First Christian Church at East Liverpool, Riddle Lodge No. 315, Free and Accepted Masons, East Liverpool Lodge No. 379, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, East Liverpool Lodge No. 258, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He belongs to the Ohio State, the Columbiana County and the American Bar associations. On May 16, 1902, at East Liverpool, Mr. Vodrey married Miss Dorothy Kelley, daughter of Joseph M. and Margaret (Thompson) Kelley, now deceased. Her father was an oil and gas producer. Mrs. Vodrey, who finished her education in Wilson College at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, is the mother of three children. William H., III, and Joseph K., are both in their second year at Princeton University. Margaret Louise, the daughter, is a student in the public schools of East Liverpool. CARL B. RETTIG has the progressiveness and energy that make him an effective executive in his service as sales manager for the Waddell Steel Company located in the City of Niles, Trumbull County, a corporation that has done much to further the civic and industrial advancement of this vital Ohio city. Mr. Rettig was born at Willard, Huron County, Ohio, on the 5th of October, 1893. His father, John Leoard Retting, was born near Holgate, Henry County. Ohio, in the year 1840, and was a resident of Willard, Huron County, at the time of his death, in 1900. He was reared to the sturdy discipline of the farm and during the course of his entire independent career he continued his successful association with farm enterprise. In 1870 he purchased and established his home on an excellent farm near Willard, Huron County, and he continued actively as one of the representative farmers of that county until 1893, when he retired from his farm to the village of Willard, where he remained until his death. His widow survived him about nine years, and her death there occurred in 1909. Both were earnest members of the United Brethren Church, and his political alignment was with the republican party. He was affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and the Grand Army of the Republic, he having been a member of an Ohio regiment in the Civil war and having given gallant service in the great conflict by which the integrity of the nation was preserved. Mrs. Rettig whose maiden HISTORY OF OHIO - 17 name was Hannah Carson, was born near Holgate, Henry County, in 1849, both she and her husband having been reared and educated in that county, where their marriage was solemnized. Of the children the eldest, Elmer E., is a retired farmer residing at Baltimore, Fairfield County, this state; Mrs. Nellie Jackson, whose husband is a railroad employe, residing at Willard, Was thirty-six years of age at the time of her death; Melvin O. is a successful lawyer in the City of Toledo; Adelbert S. is engaged in the steel brokerage business at Kansas City, Missouri; Lettie is the wife of Albert Behn, a railroad machinist, and they reside at Willard, Huron County; and Carl B., of this sketch, is the youngest of the number. Carl B. Rettig was graduated from the high school at Willard as a member of the class of 1910, and thereafter he entered historic old Kenyon College, at Gambier, Ohio, in which institution he was graduated in 1914, with the degree of Bachelor of Science, he having there become affiliated with the Beta Theta Pi fraternity. In the year of his graduation Mr. Rettig entered the employ of the Briar Hill .Steel Company at Youngstown, Mahoning County, and about two years later he retired from this position with this corporation to enter the nation 's military service in connection with the troubles on the Mexican border. He enlisted July 1, 1916, and was assigned to service with the Third Field Hospital Corps, a Youngstown organization, with which he served ten months on the Texas-Mexican border. When the United States entered the World war, in April, 1917, Mr. Rettig was sent to the Officers Training Camp at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana, and there on the 15th of August, 1917, he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the United States Army. He was shortly afterward assigned to service with the Twenty-fourth United States Cavalry at Fort D. A. Russell, Wyoming, and three months later he was transferred with this command to Houston, Texas. One month later he was assigned to the Twentieth Field Artillery at Leon Springs, near San Antonio, that state, and four months later he entered the School of Fire at Fart Sill, Oklahoma, where he remained ten months. He was then transferred to Camp Upton, New York, and on the 15th of May, 1918, he embarked, at Montreal, Canada, for overseas service. He landed with his command at Liverpool, England, and thence proceeded across the channel to France, where he landed, at Le Havre, on the 1st of June, 1918. He took part in the now historic Vosges and St. Mihiel offensives, as well as those of the Meuse-Argonne and the Metz, and in July, 1918, he was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant, the following October having recorded his advancement to the brevet rank, of captain. After the signing of the armistice he was with the allied Army of Occupation in Germany, where he was stationed at Luxemburg. After his return to the United States he continued in service in the Regular Army until October, 1920, when he received his honorable discharge. For nine months thereafter he was engaged in the brokerage business at El Paso, Texas, and he then came to Niles, Ohio, in May, 1921, and on the first of the following August he was made secretary of the Niles Chamber of Commerce, serving until February, 1924, when he resigned to take up his present work. Mr. Rettig is a thoroughgoing republican in politics and he and his wife are members of the United Brethren Church. In his home city Mr. Rettig's Masonic affiliations are with Mahoning Lodge No. 394, Free and Accepted Masons, and Niles Chapter No. 223, Royal Arch Masons, of which last named organization he is the secretary (1923). At Warren, the county seat, he is affiliated with Warren Council No. 66, Royal and Select Masters, and Warren Commandery No. 39, Knights Templar. His Scottish Rite affiliations are with the Consistory at San Antonio, Texas, in the southern jurisdiction, and in the same he has received the thirty-second degree, besides which he is a Noble of El Maida Temple of the Mystic Shrine at El Paso, Texas. He is one of the most loyal and popular members of William McKinley Post No. 126, American Legion, at Niles, and had the distinction of serving as its commander in 1921. August 18, 1917, recorded the marriage of Mr. Rettig and Miss Selma Evans, who was born and reared at Niles, and who is a popular figure in the representative social activities of her native city. HUGH L. BUTLER for the past Six years has been one of the principals in the splendid school system of Middletown, one of the most progressive cities in the state in respect to educational facilities. Mr. Butler is principal of Young's School. He was born at Ridgeway, Hardin County, Ohio, January 8, 1896, son of George E. and Jessie (Livingston) Butler. His father is proprietor of the Pure Bred Stock Farm at Ridgeway, Ohio. Hugh L. Butler was reared on the farm, attended the public schools and graduated in 1912 from the Kenton High School at the county seat of Hardin County. Following that he spent two years in Ohio Wesleyan University, and has taken special courses in education at Ohio State University and Ohio Northern University. Mr. Butler was for two years a teacher in the public schools of his native county, and for three years was principal of the Pleasant Grove School in Youngstown. He came to Middletown in 1919, and for two years was principal of the North Public School and since 1921 has been principal of the Young Public School. He has a staff of seventeen teachers, and a scholarship enrollment of 305. Mr. Butler is interested in many phases of modern education and school management, and particularly has done much to develop school athletics. While principal of the North School his basket ball team won the prize over all other Middletown schools, and the Young School basket ball team has won every year since he became principal; He has been much interested in the possibilities of education through the medium of stereopticon views and moving pictures. In addition to his duties at Youngstown, Mr. Butler is head counselor at Camp Fairwood, a summer camp for boys at Bellaire, Michigan. During the World war he was a volunteer, and was in training in the Motor Transport Corps at Camp Sherman and later at Camp Jessup. He is a member of the Southwestern Ohio Teachers Association, the Ohio State Teachers Association, and holds a diploma from .the Ohio Reading Circle. He is a member of the Methodist Church. JOHN JOSEPH STODDART. Of staunch English ancestry, John Joseph Stoddart was born at Wigton, Cumberland County, England, on March 29, 1850, the son of John and Jane (Hodgson) Stoddart. When he was three years of age his father died and his mother later married John Graham. In 1857 the family came to America and located in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The following year they moved to Ohio, settling on a farm on the National Road, east of Cambridge, in Guernsey County, and in 1865 came to Columbus, Ohio. Mr. Stoddart received his early education in the country schools, and worked on a farm until seventeen years of age. Then realizing the value of an education and ambitious to fill a real place in the world, he left home and started out for himself, working his way through high school and college. He entered the University of Michigan in 1871, and 18 - HISTORY OF OHIO graduated in 1875, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy. On leaving the university he accepted a position as instructor in old Central High School of Columbus, and while engaged in teaching, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1878. Although offered the position as principal of Central High School, he entered into the active practice of law, forming a partnership with Horace Wilson, under the firm name of Wilson and Stoddart. This association lasted until 1892, when the senior partner withdrew. Mr. Stoddart continued an individual practice until 1910, when the partnership, which lasted until his death, was formed with his son, John C. Stoddart. Mr. Stoddart 's practice was extensive and important, and his clients included many of the large corporations and financial institutions of Central Ohio. He was an able lawyer and a wise counsellor. In politics Mr. Stoddart was a staunch republican and an active worker in the cause of his party. Although often urged, he never sought public office. He was active in civic affairs. For many years he served as a member of the Franklin Park Commission, being appointed from time to time by successive mayors of the city. At the time of his death he was treasurer and trustee of the Columbus Law Library Association. On the night that his resignation as an instructor in Central High School was accepted by the Board of Education he was elected a member of the City Board of Examiners of Teachers and served in that capacity for thirty years. For many years he was a member of the Board of Education and was twice elected its president. He was also a trustee of the Teachers, Pension Fund. Mr. Stoddart was preeminently a friend of the public schools and a champion of the teachers. In 1891 Mr. Stoddart, with a number of other professional and business men, organized the Ohio State Savings Association, and became it:: legal adviser and guiding spirit. He served as president from 1905 until April 21, 1922, when he was succeeded by his son, John C. Stoddart. He took pride and satisfaction in the growth and success of the association, which now occupies a prominent place in financial circles in Columbus. For many years Mr. Stoddart served on the Executive Committee of the Ohio Building and Loan Association League, and in 1921 was chosen its president. He was also actively interested in the United States League of Building and Loan Associations and took an important part in formulating its policies. Mr. Stoddart was a recognized authority on building and loan laws, and brought to the building and loan associations a keen mind and remarkable breadth of vision. It is largely through his work that these associations have been brought to their present high standard and usefulness to the community. Through them many people are home owners who otherwise would have been renters. Mr. Stoddart believed that thrift and home-owning were at the foundation of good citizenship. Mr. Stoddart was a member of the Ohio State and Franklin County Bar associations, the Columbus Country Club and other social and fraternal societies. Next to his home and profession, Mr. Stoddart's keen delight was in his farm, where for more than twenty-five summers he worked among his fields and flowers, being especially interested in the ever-changing panorama of nature's workshop and firmly believing with the bard, that "The woods were God's first temples." On November 12, 1879, at Columbus, Ohio, Mr. Stoddart was married to Minnie Cole, daughter of Nathan and Mary (Sayles) Cole. Mr. Cole served for thirty-three years as county recorder of Franklin County. There are two children, John C. Stoddart and Mary S. Eagleson, wife of Joseph P. Eagleson. Mr. John J. Stoddart died April 21, 1922, at his home, 1533 Franklin Park South, Columbus, Ohio, rounding out a busy and useful life, filled with loyal service to the City of Columbus and his fellow men. Although starting out with more than the usual obstacles to overcome, by determination and untiring application, he fought his way to success and attained in his chosen profession of the law and in financial circles an eminence enjoyed by only a few. JOHN GILBERT MCDOUGAL, M. D. One of the ablest men in the medical profession of Perry County is Dr. John Gilbert McDougal, of New Lexington. His work as a physician and surgeon has been carried on in that locality for over forty years, and his service through nearly two generations has been accompanied with a high degree of skill and utmost faithfulness. Doctor McDougal was born on his father's farm in Ames Township, Athens County, Ohio, November 12, 1859. This homestead was settled by his grandparents, John and Hannah (McKinney) McDougal, in 1817. John McDougal, of Scotch parentage, was born in 1777 and was reared in a French neighborhood in Ontario, Canada. When he left there he could speak French better than English. On leaving Canada he went to New York City, where he was steward of the first hospital in that city, his wife acting in the capacity of matron. After five years at New York they came west to the wilderness of Ames Township, Athens County, finding but two settlers in the entire township when they moved here. He entered land here, and distinguished himself as a typical citizen as well as a typical farmer ; and did much toward establishing good schools and churches. He died at the age of seventy-seven. His wife, Hannah McKinney, was a cousin of Elizabeth Patterson, who married Jerome Bonaparte against the strenuous objections made by the Emperor Napoleon. Gilbert McMasters McDougal, father of Doctor McDougal, was born in Athens County in 1819, and died November 30, 1899, when eighty years of age. He acquired his early education in district schools, finished the civil engineering course in Ohio University at Athens, and did some surveying in early life. He then took charge of the home farm and looked after his parents, his older brothers having gone west. His farm of five hundred acres in Ames Township came to be pointed out as one of the best managed farms in the county. He also took a very intelligent interest in public affairs, serving as township trustee, justice of the peace and for ten years held the office of county commissioner. No one before or since has served so long in that office in the county with such general satisfaction. Physically, Gilbert McDougal was big and strong, weighing 220 pounds, and bore a marked resemblance to P. T. Barnum. He also acquired a reputation for shrewd Scotch sense and wisdom, his advice being sought by his neighbors and he moved as a real leader among the people. He was a high tariff republican in politics, and, like other generations of the family, was a Scotch Presbyterian. He belonged to the Masonic order. Gilbert M. McDougal married Sarah Woodworth, who was born at Williamsfield, Ashtabula County, Ohio, and was twelve years of age when her parents moved to Athens County. She was a daughter of Sabina Woodworth. Her death occurred in 1901, at the age of seventy-six. Gilbert McDougal and wife had a family of three daughters, all now deceased, and two sons: Dr. John Gilbert, of New Lexington, and Dr. Charles Stuart McDougal, a prominent physician and surgeon at Athens. HISTORY OF OHIO - 19 John Gilbert McDougal spent his boyhood days on the farm, attended the country schools, and for three years was a student in Ohio University at Athens. He then entered the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati, where he completed the course and took his Doctor of Medicine degree in 1882. Shortly after graduating he located at New Lexington, and has served that one community ever since. He has had a large practice almost from the start, and for years he made his rounds in all kinds of weather and over roads frequently accessible only on horseback. He has not only been constant in the performance of his duty as a professional man, but has taken more than his share of civic responsibility. He was one of the organizers of the Kirkwood China Company, and is a director of the Perry County Bank. He is president of the Perry County Medical Society and a member of the Ohio State and American Medical associations. Doctor McDougal is a Knight Templar Mason, having served two terms as master of the local lodge of Masons, has been high priest of the Royal Arch Chapter, and is affiliated with the Elks and Knights of Pythias. In December, 1893, Doctor McDougal married Miss Emma Bastian, daughter of Philip Bastian, of New Lexington. Two sons were born to their marriage. Taine G., a graduate of Ohio State University, is now an engineer with the Champion Ignition Company, manufacturers of the Champion spark plug at Flint, Michigan. The son, Charles Bastian, is a graduate of Ohio State University, took his medical degree in Western Reserve University at Cleveland, served with the Medical Reserve Corps during the World war, and has relieved his father of some of the heavy responsibilities of his practice at New Lexington. He is a member of the Methodist Church. CHARLES H. RAUSCH. Rock Creek is one of the vital and attractive villages of Ashtabula County, and its well ordered. public schools have Charles H. Bausch as their efficient and popular superintendent, he having assumed this office in the autumn of 1923. The teachers in the schools of Rock Creek are eight in number, and the enrollment of pupils total somewhat more than three hundred. Mr. Rausch has not only made a record of successful achievement in the pedagogic profession, but was also one of Ohio's representatives in the nation's military service in the World war. He is a scion of a family whose name has been identified with Ohio history for approximately ninety years. His grandfather, Charles Rausch, was born in Germany, in 1831, and was a boy when his parents came to the United States and established their home in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, where they passed the remainder of their lives. In that county Charles Rausch was reared to maturity, and he was there long numbered among the substantial and representative farmers in Auburn Township, near Ragersville, his death having there occurred in 1906. He was a soldier of the Union during the last two years of the Civil war. Charles H. Rausch was born on the home farm of his father in Auburn Township, Tuscarawas County, and the date of his nativity was October 9, 1801. He is a son of Peter and Margaret (Steinebry) Rausch, who now reside at Ragersville, that county, where the father was born in November, 1855, the mother having been born in Germany, in August, 1865, but having been reared and educated in Tuscarawas County. Peter Bausch is aligned in the cohorts of the democratic party, and he and his wife are active members of the Protestant Reformed Church. Of the children the eldest is Miss Elizabeth, who holds a confidential clerical position with a leading playwright in New York City; Charles H., of this review, was the next in order of birth; William resides at Canal Dover, Tuscarawas County, and is a tire vulcanizer by vocation, he having been in the aviation department of the United States Army in the World war period and having been stationed in Texas for a period of fourteen months, his rank having been that of sergeant; Calvin is principal of the public schools at Palmyra, Portage County; and Justice and Ruth are attending (1923) the public schools in the home town of Ragersville, where Justice is a student in the high school. The public schools of his native county constituted the medium through which Charles H. Bausch acquired his preliminary education. His higher studies were pursued in Kent College, at Kent, Portage County, and in this institution he was graduated as a member of the class of 1921, his academic degree in this connection being that of Bachelor of Science. Before completing his college course it had been within the patriotic province of Mr. Bausch to enter the nation's service in connection with the World war. His enlistment took place in May, 1918, and he had two weeks of preparatory work at Valparaiso, Indiana, followed by two months at the University of Maine, whence he was then transferred to Camp Raritan, at Metuchen, New Jersey, where he was assigned to duty in the personnel office. He there remained eight months, and after the armistice brought the war to a close he returned to Ohio, his honorable discharge having been here received at Columbus Barracks in March, 1919. After his graduation from Kent College Mr. Rausch there remained as instructor in social science and manual arts until the autumn of 1923, when, after teaching in the summer sessions at Kent College, he assumed his present position, that of superintendent of the public schools of Rock Creek. Mr. Rausch is well fortified in his opinions concerning economic and governmental policies, and is a staunch advocate of the principles of the democratic party. He is an earnest communicant of the Lutheran Church, and he served as a member of the college church council while a student in Kent College. He is affiliated with Rocton Lodge No. 316, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, at Kent ; with Jefferson Lodge No. 181, Knights of Pythias, at Stone Creek ; and with Portage Post No. 496, American Legion. at Kent. He is actively identified with the Ohio State Teachers, Association, the Northeastern Ohio Teachers, Association, and the National Educational Association. May 6, 1918, at Massillon, Stark County, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Rausch and Miss Zaida Kelly, daughter of William and Estella (Dunlap) Kelly, who still reside in that city, where Mr. Kelly is cashier in the office of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad. CLAUDE MEEKER is an Ohio man who has accomplished noteworthy work in several contrasted fields. He bears his distinctions very quietly and modestly, but for many years has been regarded as one of Columbus, ablest citizens and business men. He was born in Columbus, in 1861, and his parents, George W. and Harriet (Hatch) Meeker, were also natives of Ohio. He is a descendant of one of two Meeker brothers who came from England in 1639 and settled at what is now New Haven, Connecticut. His direct ancestor, William Meeker, moved to New Jersey in 1664, purchasing land from the Indians and founding the Town of Elizabeth, where very soon was gathered a colony known as the "Associates." These men and women were refugees from the injustice and tyranny of Governor Carteret. The old home of William Meeker, built in Newark, where he died in 1690, is still standing and owned by his descendants. It was occupied nearly a century later by 20 - HISTORY OF OHIO Josiah Meeker, who with a large family of sons contributed important service to the patriotic cause in the struggle for independence. The father of Claude Meeker was a Columbus attorney, and was honored with the office of mayor of the city. At the time of his death he had been for some years secretary of the State Democratic Executive Committee. Claude Meeker acquired his early education in the Columbus public schools, the College of Nebraska, and E. K. Bryan,s Business College. From some of his ancestors apparently he inherited a strong literary bent. At the age of eighteen he began his career as a journalist. For some years he was one of the ablest political correspondents in the country. When he was only twenty-one he became editor and part owner of a sprightly and successful weekly. His main forte, however, was the writing of trenchant political articles. He was a contributor to some of the most influential newspapers in the country, including the New York World, Chicago Tribune, Boston Globe, St. Louis Republic, Washington Post and others. It was in Cincinnati that he rose to his highest prominence and did his most effective work as a newspaper writer. He was at various times on the staff of the Enquirer, Post and Times-Star. He was chief political writer for the Enquirer. As a result of the effective work he did in that capacity he was appointed in 1889 private secretary to Governor James E. Campbell, and served in that capacity in 1890-1891. Probably no newspaper man in Ohio did more to build up the forts for democratic principles at that time, and this service was recognized by President Cleveland in 1893 in appointing Mr. Meeker to the important post of American consul at Bradford, England. Bradford at that time was the greatest woolen center in the world and the largest commercial consulate under the United States Government. Mr. Meeker proved a thoroughly responsible and efficient representative of American business interests there, and he enjoyed the sojourn for other reasons as well. On his return from abroad Mr. Meeker took up his present business, bond and stock brokerage and investment banking. In the intervening years he has built up what is probably the largest business of its kind in the state. Mr. Meeker is quiet and unassuming, with no ambition for public position or leadership. and yet fellow citizens regard him in the front rank of men of affairs and undoubtedly he has contributed and still contributes important service to the general welfare of his home city. His admirable qualities of head and heart, his straightforward relations, have won for him the highest esteem and given him a reputation for integrity and correct conduct such as few achieve. While he was in England he lived in the heart of the Bronte County of Yorkshire, not far from the birthplace and ancestral home of the famous Bronte sisters. Mr. Meeker all his life has had more than a casual or superficial interest in English literature, and he took this opportunity to acquaint himself with everything connected with this literary shrine. As a result of many visits there he wrote for the Cincinnati Times-Star a series of papers on "Haworth ; Home of the Brontes," and had an artist make a number of drawings to illustrate his papers. These papers in 1895, by order of the Bronte Society of Bradford, were published in book form, and were reprinted in 1922 with a preface by Butler Wood, biographical secretary of the Bronte Society. In this preface Mr. Wood highly commends the American,s work for its literary charm as well as its historical value. In spite of the heavy claims of an active business life Mr. Meeker keeps in touch with literary affairs. His beautiful home, Melrose in Bexley, a charming suburb of Columbus, has among other attractions a very fine private library. July 1, 1890, he married Miss Elizabeth Parks, daughter of Dr. J. M. Parks, who for many years practiced medicine at Hamilton, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Meeker ,s three children were all born in Yorkshire, England. Campbell Meeker, the son, was commissioned a lieutenant and during the World war was an expert instructor in bayonet practice at the various training camps. He is now in the stock brokerage business, a member of the New York Stock Exchange. The older daughter, Marjorie, now the wife of Shirley T. Wing, is a graduate of Bryn Mawr College, and is one of the younger American poets. Her poems have appeared in the Century, North American Review and other high class literary journals. The younger daughter, Marion, is a graduate of Miss Dow’s School, Briar Cliff Manor. She made her debut as a lyric soprano in January, 1923, at an authors, matinee musicale at the Waldorf-Astoria, New York. Critics have estimated her powers as sufficient to put her high in the scale among American musical artists. Marion Meeker was married, February 2, 1924, to Henry Helier, a prominent business man of New York City. MARCUS GILBERT MILLER. In the ten years he has practiced his profession as architect at Youngstown, Mr. Miller has enjoyed an increasing volume of important business, and has designed and has supervised the construction of a large number of distinctive buildings, both residential and business. Mr. Miller was born in Mahoning County, May 31, 1890, and represents an old and prominent pioneer family in the county. His grandparents, John and Maria (Lanterman) Miller, were both born in the county, the former at Canfield and the latter at Four Mile Run. Mr. Gilbert is a son of John Marcus and Nettie (Bell) Miller, his mother, a native of West Middlesex, Pennsylvania, while his father was born in a log cabin in Mahoning County. Marcus Gilbert Miller was educated in the public schools of Girard, Ohio, in the Rayen High School in Youngstown, and attended Hiram College two years. He studied architecture in the University of Illinois, where he pursued the subject four years, graduating in 1914 with the degree Bachelor of Science in Architecture and subsequently returning and taking the Master of Architecture degree. Mr. Miller since 1915 has been busily engaged in his professional work at Youngstown. He married in August, 1918, Miss Marie Messick, who was born at Bristolville, Ohio, daughter of Dr. Minus and May (Mackey) Messick, of Trumbull County, Ohio. They have one son, McLean, born December 27, 1919. Mr. Miller is a member of the Christian Church, is affiliated with the Masonic Lodge and Grotto, with Lodge No. 55 of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, with the Kiwanis Club and with Sigma Phi college fraternity. Mr. Miller ,s great-uncle, William Shirk, was with Commodore Perry in the battle of Lake Erie during the War of 1812. Mr. Miller is an enthusiastic archaeologist and for over twenty years has been collecting relics of aboriginal and prehistoric races in America. He has a collection of about two thousand pieces. DANIEL BOONE TUCKER, is a locksmith by trade, an expert in everything pertaining to locks, whether for a door or a vault, and the sub-title of his business is "D. B. Tucker, the Lawful Burglar." Mr. Tucker, whose home and place of business has been in Youngstown for a number of years, was born at Milltown, Alabama, August 30, 1884, son of A. E. and Elizabeth (Shims) Tucker. His parents HISTORY OF OHIO - 21 were born at Helena, Arkansas. Daniel Boone Tucker attended public schools in his native state up to the age of sixteen, then worked in a grocery store, then in a drug store, and at Birmingham, Alabama, had his experience and training in the lock and key business. In July, 1905, he moved to Youngstown, and was employed in the Ohio Steel Mills until 1906, and then engaged in the locksmith business for himself. Since 1913 his shop has been at 16 North Chestnut Street. Mr. Tucker married in 1908 Miss Elsie Baldwin, who was born in Moorefield, West Virginia. He is affiliated with the Masonic order and Knights of Pythias. CLYDE C. HADDEN, now in his third successive term as county surveyor of Lake County, is a civil engineer by profession, a graduate of Ohio State University, and has done a large amount of work in his line both officially and in private practice. Mr. Hadden was born at Mentor, Lake County, August 13, 1882. Hadden is an English family and was first established in New Jersey. Several generations of the name have lived in Lake County. His grandfather, Charles Hadden, spent all his life in the community of Kirtland in Lake County, where he followed his trade as a wagon maker. He died when comparatively young, in 1858. Charles W. Hadden, father of the county surveyor, was born at Kirtland in 1856, was reared there, was married near Gates Mills in Cuyahoga County, and for a number of years engaged in farming in Lake County. For eight years he owned and operated a meat market at Mentor, and continued in the same business at Richmond, Lake County. He died at Painesville, February 21, 1921. He served fifteen years as a member of the Painesville Township School Board, and was a republican in politics. Charles W. Hadden married Ella Smith, who lives at Richmond, Lake County, and was born near Gates Mills, Cuyahoga County, October 18, 1856. She became the mother of eight children: William E., a conductor with the Baltimore & Ohio Railway living at Dover, Ohio; Herbert S., a building contractor at Detroit, Michigan; Clyde C.; Mabel E., wife of Harold Warner, a garage operator near Richmond; Arlene A., wife of Frank Luse, who is manager of a department in the Gail G. Grant Store at Painesville; Miss Ella M., living with her mother ; Dean M., who served two years in the United States Navy during the World war period, and is now an employe of the Baltimore & Ohio Railway Company, living at Richmond ; and Charles D., who was in the artillery, served a year in France, and is now purchasing agent for the Miller Tire Company, with home near Akron. Clyde C. Hadden acquired his early education in the public schools of Painesville Township, graduated from the Painesville High School in 1901, and in the intervals of other employment he was a student in the Engineering School of Ohio State University from 1903 until 1909, in which year he graduated with the degree Civil Engineer. He was with the engineering department of the Baltimore & Ohio Railway for some years, resigning in the fall of 1914 to become associated with the civil engineering firm of Cummings & Downer at Painesville. He became deputy county surveyor of Lake County under Mr. Cummings, serving from 1915 to 1917, and was deputy under C. C. Harris during 1917-18. Mr. Hadden spent one year as an engineer for the Diamond Alkali Company of Painesville. In. the fall of 1918 he was elected county surveyor, beginning his official term in September, 1919. He has been twice reelected, and his present term expires in September, 1925. Mr. Hadden served eight years as a member of the Board of Education of Painesville Township. He is a republican, is affiliated with Temple Lodge No. 28, Free and Accepted Masons, at Painesville, Painesville Chapter No. 46, Royal Arch Masons, of which he is a past high priest, Painesville Council No. 104, Royal and Select Masters, and is a past commander of Eagle Commandery No. 29, Knights Templar, of Painesville. Mr. Hadden is secretary of the building committee of the Lake County Memorial Hospital. He owns some real estate both in Painesville and at Richmond, his home being in the latter village. On July 1, 1920, at Painesville, Mr. Hadden married Florence McGwinn, daughter of Jerry and Julia (Slitor) McGwinn. Her father was a farmer, and died at Richmond, where her mother is still living. JOHN J. PUGH. A center and course of much of the intellectual life of Columbus, the Columbus Public Library, has a history of fifty years, and it has been the peculiar distinction of the institution to have had all through the years just two librarian?, men of the finest taste in all things connected with library work and books and literature and of close friendship and common ideals. The present librarian and secretary, John J. Pugh, was born February 29, 1864. His father had been a mining superintendent in Wales, and after coining to Ohio was one of the men who laid out and graded Greenlawn Cemetery at Columbus. John J. Pugh while a boy attending school sold newspapers on the street. He was a youth of just seventeen when, in 1881, after graduation from Columbus Central High School, he went to work in what was then known as the Columbus Public Library. His service with the institution has been continuous for over forty years, making him probably the oldest in library service in the state. From the establishment of the Columbus Public Library in 1873 the librarian was Rev. James L. Grover until his ninetieth birthday, on December 12, 1896. At that time, in recognition of his valuable service, he was designated librarian emeritus, and continued to keep in close touch with the library until his death, less than a year afterward. However, for some years Mr. Grover had delegated all the important details and heavy responsibilities upon his youthful friend, advisor and assistant, Mr. Pugh. Their relationship had been so charged with mutual respect and admiration that Mr. Pugh again and again refused to accept the title of librarian, so long as his old friend and mentor could be prevailed upon to remain. In 1881, the year that Mr. Pugh entered the library service, a single room 30 by 50 feet in the rear of the City Hall was sufficient to contain the library of less than 5,000 volumes and which at that time had very restricted use, even much less than the service of a modern library of proportionate size. On the average the monthly circulation was about 4,000 volumes. In contrast, at the close of 1923 the Columbus Public Library contained 136,000 volumes, with 66,000 patrons, half of them in the juvenile department. During that year the circulation of books was over 500,000. The library is housed in a beautiful structure, built by the assistance of Andrew Carnegie, whose donations aggregated $200,000 for that purpose. The unusual liberality of this gift was largely due to the personal representation made by Mr. Pugh, who has been many times commended for the forceful way in which he explained the local conditions of Columbus, its potential growth and development as a city and its opportunities as a great educational center, and many other factors strengthening the argument that the library should provide all the 22 - HISTORY OF OHIO varied facilities demanded of it in this community. Several private citizens have also shown interest in the library by endowing alcoves, of which them are a number, named each in honor of the donor. Mr. Pugh was one of the original thirteen to organize a state library association, whose membership now runs into the hundreds and whose influence is largely reflected in the present liberal laws touching the establishments, maintenance and 'service of libraries. The board of trustees of the Columbus Public Library comprise: Fred J. Heer, president ; Mrs. John Gordon Battelle, vice president ; Edward C. Mills, treasurer ; Thomas S. Brooks ; Dr. Joseph S. Kornfeld, United States minister at Teheran, Persia (on leave) ; Dr. Frank Warner and Edgar L. Weinland. Mr. Pugh was commissioned supervisor of war camp libraries during the World war, instituting Camp Sherman and Camp Sheridan libraries. The Columbus Public Library was the collecting and distributing agency for receipt and shipment of books for war camp libraries for United States and abroad. Mr. Pugh married, August 22, 1888, Miss Katharine L. Fornoff, a graduate of Central High School. Her death occurred March 5, 1900. Three daughters were born and are still living. They are Elizabeth Louise (Mrs. Herbert Janney Long), Katharine Loving and Mary Helen, all graduates of Ohio State University and members of the Pi Phi Sorority. Mr. Pugh has two grandchildren, John J. Pugh Long and Nancy Elizabeth Long. JAY MITCHELL CRABBS is a graduate civil engineer of the Ohio State University, and for over fifteen years has enjoyed many important responsibilities in the line of his profession at Painesville, where in addition to his practice he is city engineer. Mr. Crabbs was born near Steubenville, Jefferson County, Ohio, on a farm, December 29, 1879. The family has lived in that county for three generations, and his grandfather was also born at the old homestead there. The Crabbs family is of remote German origin, the name spelled Krebs by those who first came from Germany to Pennsylvania. The grandfather, Henry Crabbs, spent all his life at the old homestead farm in Jefferson County. He married a Miss McLaughlin, probably of Scotch-Irish ancestry, who was likewise a native of Jefferson County. Robert Mitchell Crabbs, father of the Painesville city engineer, was born in 1835, in Jefferson County, and he established and operated a homestead of his own adjacent to his birthplace, developing an estate of 400 acres of valuable land there. He was one of the prosperous• men of that section, and lived there until his death in 1911. He served as a Union soldier in the Civil war, always voted as a republican, and was a staunch supporter and member of the United Presbyterian Church. His wife, Jennie George, was born in Jefferson County, in 1843, and still occupies the old homestead north of Steubenville. She was the mother of seven children. Laura, the oldest is the wife of Jesse Walker, a dentist at Vergholz, Ohio. Frances married John George, a banker at Vergholz. The third child, Floy, died when eighteen years old. Ed is a lumber inspector for the Carnegie Steel Company at Pittsburgh. Jay Mitchell is the next in age. Earl operates the old homestead farm, and Harold lives at Canton, Ohio, and is a salesman for the Greber Coal Company. Jay Mitchell Crabbs attended the rural schools in Jefferson County, also worked on the farm, and when he left home at the age of eighteen he found an opportunity to gain some practical knowledge of surveying with a party of surveyors working for a coal company in West Virginia. After a year with this party he did work with the engineering department of the Norfolk & Western Railroad, with headquarters at Tazewell, Virginia, for a year. Having thus had considerable experience in field work, he entered Ohio State University, taking the full four-year course in engineering. He graduated with the Civil Engineering degree in 1907, and in the same year moved to Painesville. For three years he was associated in a general civil engineering practice with J. C. Ward, following which he spent four years as constructing engineer for the Diamond Alkali Works at Painesville. Since then he has had an office of his own and has done an extensive general civil engineering practice. Since 1915 he has also held the post of city engineer, and has been the technical man in charge of a number of city improvements, particularly a sewerage proposition involving 5,000 acres of land in Lake County. His private offices are at the corner of Richmond Street and Mentor Avenue while he also has an office in the City Hall. Mr. Crabbs is a republican, is a member of the First Church, Congregational, and trustee of the church property, belongs to the Lake County Chamber of Commerce, the Painesville Kiwanis Club, and the Civil Engineering Society, the Triangle. Other interests in Lake County include his fine home built in 1923 on Levan Drive, and also three and one-half acres in Painesville Township, on Mentor Avenue, and other real estate in the Mentor Headlands allotment. On November 9, 1911, at Painesville, Mr. Crabbs married Miss Florence Phillips, daughter of Rev. T. F. and Missouri B. Phillips, the latter living at Painesville. Her father, who died in that city in 1921, was a clergyman Of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mrs. Crabbs is a Bachelor of Arts, graduated from Allegheny College at Meadville, Pennsylvania. They have one son, Robert Mitchell Crabbs, born September 23, 1913. FRANKLIN PAUL GEIGER is superintendent of the city schools of East Liverpool, Columbiana County. Outside of the larger cities this is one of the most important educational units in Ohio. Under Superintendent Geiger are twenty schools, a staff of 150 teachers, with a total scholarship enrollment of 5,000, there being 700 enrolled in high school. For a position of such responsibility Mr. Geiger has qualifications based upon long and successful experience and notable leadership in educational circles. He was born on a farm at Malvern in Carroll County, Ohio, January 25, 1870. His grandfather, John Paul Geiger, a native of Germany, was four years of age when brought to America, his parents settling near Malvern, Ohio, and improving a farm in pioneer days. John Paul Geiger married Magdalena Snyder, a native of Ohio, and both of them died near Malvern. Their son John Jacob Geiger, was born at Malvern in February, 1846, and spent all his life in that community. He was a substantial farmer, an active worker in the Reformed Church, and a republican in polities. He died in September, 1921. His wife, Mary Schory, was born near Malvern, but over the line in Stark County, December 4, 1848, and still occupies the old homestead. Franklin Paul is the oldest of six children. Edwin C. is a farmer at Malvern. Anna S. died at the age of thirty-three. William H. is superintendent of schools at Lisbon, Ohio. Mary Edna married Herbert Weaver, who is connected with the Timken Works at Canton. John Quinton, the youngest child, operates the old homestead farm. Franklin Paul Geiger was a boy on the farm during his early years, attending rural schools in Carroll County, the Malvern High School and graduated from the normal department of Mount Union HISTORY OF OHIO - 23 College at Alliance with the class of 1892. In 1894 he received the degree Bachelor of Science from the commercial department of Mount Union, and in the same year the Bachelor of Arts degree after completing the regular collegiate course. In a career of thirty years as a teacher and school administrator Mr. Geiger has been constantly at work and study in preparation for larger responsibilities. He took post-graduate work and received the Master of Arts degree from Mount Union College in 1912. During 1910-12 he attended the Teachers College of Harvard University, and in 1918 Ohio University awarded him the honorary degree Doctor of Pedagogy. He is a member of the college fraternity Alpha Tau Omega. A brief outline of his larger responsibilities as an educator is as follows: Principal of the high school at Carrollton, one year; teacher in the Lancaster High School; in the fall of 1897 became principal of the high school at Canal Dover, Ohio, serving in that capacity five years, and was the superintendent of the city schools there until 1917. He became superintendent of schools at East Liverpool in 1917. Doctor Geiger also served as a member of the Ohio State Board of School Examiners from 1915 to 1920. He was president in 1921 of the Ohio State Teachers, Association and is a member of the National Educational Association. He is a republican, is affiliated with Tubal Lodge No. 551, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, at Minerva, Tuscarawas Chapter No. 38, Royal Arch Masons, at New Philadelphia, Massillon Commandery No. 4, Knights Templar, Lake Erie Consistory of the Valley of Cleveland in the Scottish Rite, Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Cleveland, was president of the East Liverpool Shrine Club from 1920 to 1923, and is a past patron of Tuscarawas Chapter No. 164 of the Eastern Star at Dover. He is also past chancellor of Dover Lodge No. 168, Knights of Pythias, and past exalted ruler of Dover Lodge No. 975, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He is a member of the First Presbyterian Church of East Liverpool. During the World war he accomplished much patriotic work through the schools, assisting in, all the drives for funds, and being a four-minute speaker at patriotic gatherings over Columbiana County. He is a member of the East Liverpool Chamber of Commerce and the East Liverpool Rotary Club. On June 17, 1896, at Canton, Mr. Geiger married Miss Electa V. McConkey, daughter of Dr. William J. and Sarah (Blythe) McConkey. Her parents are now deceased. Her father was a very able and highly esteemed physician at Canton. Mrs. Geiger finished her education in Mount Union College. To their marriage were born two children. The son, Wendell Wellington, was a graduate of the Dover High School and doled June 1, 1920, at the age of twenty-two years. The daughter, Hazel Rowena, is a senior in Western Reserve University at Cleveland. CHARLES DANFORD GROVES has been engaged in educational work in his native state of Ohio for half his lifetime. He has taught country, graded and town schools, and for some years has filled the important post of superintendent of schools of Ashtabula County. Mr. Groves was born in Quaker City, Guernsey County, Ohio, June 19, 1889. His grandfather, Lewis Groves, was a native of Noble County, and lived there all his life, engaged in farming. He died at Summerfield in that county. His wife was Anna Danford, also a native of Noble County. Julius R. Groves, father of the Ashtabula County school superintendent, was born in 1863 near Summerfield, Noble County, and is still living there, successfully engaged in live stock dealing. He is a republican, and a member of the Presbyterian Church. His wife, Minnie R. Eagon, was born in 1865 at Quaker City, Guernsey County, where her first child, Charles D., was also born. There are two other children : Pearl Mae, wife of Dempsey Hannahs, a railroad worker at Summerfield, and Herbert L., with his parents. Charles Danford Groves attended the public schools of Noble County, took his high school work at Caldwell, is a graduate of Scio Academy at Scio, and spent four years in old Scio College. For one year he was a student in Ohio University at Athens, and he has the Bachelor of Arts degree from Mount Union College at Alliance. During the summers of 1922 and 1923 he was a student at Columbia University in New York, doing post-graduate work toward his Master of Arts degree. His higher education was acquired in the intervals of his work as a teacher. When he was seventeen he taught his first term of county school in Noble County. He was in rural school work two years, was principal of the school at Put-in-Bay, Ohio, one year, and began his work in Ashtabula County as superintendent of schools at Orwell, where he remained from 1910 to 1914. From 1914 to 1920 Mr. Groves was district superintendent of schools of the county, and in February, 1920, was elected county superintendent to fill an unexpired term. He took office February 15, and in May, 1921, was elected for the full term, which began August 1, 1921. His offices are in the courthouse at Jefferson. The extent of his responsibilities are measured by the fact that he has under his supervision a total of 103 schools, 240 teachers and a scholarship enrollment of eight thousand. Mr. Groves is a progressive school man, and is an interested participant in the work of the Northeastern Ohio, Ashtabula County and Ohio State Teachers, associations and the National Educational Association. Fraternally he is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of Orwell Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, is a republican in politics, and a member of the Official Board of the Jefferson Methodist Episcopal Church. He owns a good home on East Ashtabula Street in Jefferson. Mr. Groves married at Jefferson, June 4, 1913, Miss Coral Congdon, daughter of Fred and Addle (Green) Congdon, residents of Orwell, where her father is a merchant. Mrs. Groves is a finished musician, having studied music in the Dana Institute at Warren, Ohio. The two children of Mr. and Mrs. Groves are Enid Evelyn, born April 18, 1914, and Doris May, born January 11, 1916. GEORGE MATTHEW VERITY is president of the American Rolling Mill Company at Middletown, Butler County, and has been for more than twenty years the active manager of the business. Here was the opportunity and here the man whose potentiality, measured up to the full requirements of that opportunity. Mr. Verity has made in this field of industrialism a record of large and worthy achievements, and his influence has been one of cumulative progressiveness. Here has been his constructive stewardship in the development and upbuilding of a great industrial enterprise, and his success is the more pleasing to note by reason of his being a native son of the old Buckeye State. Mr. Verity was born at East Liberty, Logan County, Ohio, April 22, 1865, and is a son of Jona- than and Mary Ann (Deaton) Verity, who were sterling citizens of the state in which their son now stands forth as a representative captain of industry. After his graduation from high school at Georgetown George M. Verity completed a course in the Nelson Commercial College, in the city of Cincinnati, and there, in 1886, he became manager of 24 - HISTORY OF OHIO the W. C. Standish Wholesale Grocery Company. In 1889, at the age of twenty-three years, he there assumed the responsible position of manager of the Sagendorf Iron Roofing & Corrugating Company, and when this corporation was reorganized, in 1891, under the title of the American Steel Roofing Company, he became vice president and manager. In 1899 the concern was absorbed by the American Rolling Mill Company of Middletown, and since December 20th of that year Mr. Verity has been the president of this corporation. It is not necessary to attempt an analysis of his career of consecutive advancement, for the work he has done is sufficiently shadowed forth in the foregoing statements relative to his activities. The following estimate, however, is worthy of preservation in this connection: " The rise of this company to a commanding place in the steel industry of the United States may be considered a direct result of the genius of its president for successful management in large affairs, and his ability to secure the cooperation of the many other individuals and interests necessary to such success." Believing that cooperation is the foundation of success in all human endeavor, whether industrial or civic, Mr. Verity has given much of his time and effort toward building up a community spirit in the advancement of which all can work and contribute proportionately and unselfishly. In this respect, no less than in the management of a large industry, Mr. Verity has won national recognition. Under his sponsorship the Middletown Civic Association was organized, representing seventeen different civic agencies, including Red Cross, Home Health, Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, Hospitals, etc., all responsible to one management, carrying on the work of the 4,450 contributing members, which make up one of the largest and most active organizations of the kind in the world. Mr. Verity is president of the association. So successful has been the work of the association and so far-reaching its influence that other communities point to Middletown as the place where industry and community work hand in hand for the advancement of those things which make for happiness, prosperity and stability. Mr. Verity is a director of the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; the Fifth-Third National Bank of Cincinnati; the Cincinnati Rubber Manufacturing Company; the First and Merchants National Bank of Middletown; and is a member of the American Iron & Steel Institute. He served in 1897-98 as president of the Business Men's Club of Cincinnati, and as a member of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce and the Middletown Chamber of Commerce he has given loyal aid in advancing the progressive policies of both of these organizations. In the World war period Mr. Verity was chairman of the Minute Men of the Middletown Chamber of Commerce, which did splendid service in furthering all patriotic service and enterprise in Middletown and Butler County, Mr. Verity having been in active charge of the local campaigns in support of the Government war loans, Red Cross work, etc. The political allegiance of Mr. Verity is given unreservedly to the republican party. He and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian Church, and he is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity. He holds a membership in the Ohio Society of New York, where also he is a member of the Rocky Mountain and the Railroad Clubs; he is a member of the Dayton Country Club, Dayton, Ohio, and the Duquesne Club of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; at Cincinnati he is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the Business Men's Club, the Maketewah Country Club, the Cincinnati Golf Club, and the Queen City Club. October 19, 1887, recorded the marriage of Mr. Verity and Miss Jennie M. Standish, of Newport, Kentucky, and they have three children : Calvin W. Verity, Mrs. Charles R. Hook and Mrs. Sara V. Ebersole. JOHN F. WINKELMAN. Probably no city in the State of Ohio has more perfect school facilities, equipment and personnel of teaching staff than Middletown. One of the principals of the schools there is John F. Winkelman, of the North Public School, a man who has made his distinctive mark in Ohio educational affairs. He was born at West Alexander, Ohio, June 2, 1885, son of John and Sarah (Hoops) Winkelman. As a boy he attended the grammar and high schools of West Alexander, and subsequently pursued the course leading up to the degree Bachelor of Science in Education at Miami University at Oxford. Mr. Winkelman has had a general range of experience in teaching, beginning in rural schools in Preble County. He served as superintendent of schools at West Alexander. While in Preble County he organized the County Athletic Association, serving as its president two years. This association brought together each spring every school in the county for athletic contests. Mr. Winkelman has been identified with the public schools of Middletown since 1922, at first as principal of the City High School and since 1923 as principal of the North School, where he has a staff of eight teachers and an enrollment of 206 pupils. The North High School has a special department for scholars with defective eyesight. This department is supplied with every modern equipment and facility to enable the pupil to overcome, so far as possible, the handicap of poor eyesight. All children with defective eyes in Middletown are enrolled in this department. The member of Mr. Winkelman's staff in charge of the department is Miss Ruth Marshall, a graduate of the Middletown High School, and who has done special work in Miami University at Oxford. Mr. Winkelman is a member of the Southwestern Teachers, Association and the Ohio State Teachers, Association. His special study has been the subject of English and history, but perhaps his most distinctive work has been in organized play and athletics. He is affiliated with the Masonic order and the Knights of Pythias at West Alexander. During 191718, while he was a student in Miami University, he was enrolled in the Students Army Training Corps and received the drilling and military instruction provided in that training unit of the national team of defense. Mr. Winkelman married Miss Hazel Ozias, of Lewisburg, Ohio, daughter of Elbert and Ella (Moots) Ozias. She was educated in the grammar and high schools of West Alexander. They have four children, Mildred, born in 1909, Richard, born in 1911, Marjory, born in 1916, and Juanita, born in 1919. WESLEY OVIATT HOLLISTER, though a native of Connecticut, represents on his mother's side one of the pioneer families of the Ohio Western Reserve. His career has actively identified him with the science of horticulture, and he is a well known entomologist, now connected with the school and scientific service organizations founded by the great tree surgeon, John Davey, of Kent. Mr. Hollister was born at Washington, Connecticut, April 24, 1886, son of John Burr and Hattie (Northrup) Hollister. His mother was born at Medina, Ohio, and her grandfather Northrup, a native of Connecticut, was one of the earliest settlers