HISTORY OF OHIO - 125 ship, July 19, 1872, son of Horace H. and Catherine (Franck) Flickinger, both natives of the same township. His grandfather, Samuel Flickinger, settled in Crawford County in 1831, and was responsible for clearing up some of the land in Holmes Township. Horace H. Flickinger was born there April 22, 1833, was reared and married in that locality, and continued a substantial farmer in Holmes Township until 1876, when he removed to Bucyrus Township. He (lied in 1898 and his wife in 1910. He was an active member of the Evangelical Church. Horace H. Flickinger and wife had five children: Hershel, who graduated from the commercial department of Ohio Northern University at Ada in 1881 and for many years has been a deputy in county offices and has also served as county surveyor ; Della, wife of F. L. Harvey, of Bucyrus; Clement L., a farmer in Crawford County; Alvin G.; and Carrie B. Alvin G. Flickinger spent his early years on the farm, attended the public schools, and his work was farming until 1903. In that year he became deputy county auditor, and had fourteen years of continuous association with the auditor 's office. Then, in 1917, he was elected auditor, taking charge of the office and serving until March 12, 1923. Mr. Flickinger was one of the organizers and was honored with the office of first president of the Crawford County Historical Society, and has been deeply interested in its program of activities. He is a life member of the Ohio State Historical and Archaeological societies. In May, 1923, he helped organize and became a charter member of the Crawford County Savings and Loan Company, of which he is serving as secretary, and he is also a stockholder in the Farmers and Citizens Bank and Savings Company of Bucyrus. He is a leader in the democratic party and is a past worthy president of the Fraternal Order or Eagles, No. 501. He has been a member of the Official Board and he and his wife are both active in the First Methodist Episcopal Church. March 17, 1908, Mr. Flickinger married Effie V. Foulk. EDWARD M. OTIS is giving a most vigorous and effective administration in the office of superintendent of the public schools of Willoughby, Lake County, and special interest attaches to his service by reason of his being a native son of this county, with whose history the family name has been identified more than eighty years. Edward M. Otis was born at Kirkland, Lake County, Ohio, January 13, 1880, and is a son of Adna and Esther (Tuttle) Otis, the former of whom was born in the State of New York, in 1829, and the latter of whom was born at Concord, Lake County, Ohio, in 1844. Rev. Dexter Otis, grandfather of the subject of this review, was born and reared in the State of New York, became a clergyman of the Christian Church, and both he and his wife, whose family name was Waite, passed the closing years of their lives in Lake County, Ohio, where they established their home about the year 1841. Adna Otis was a lad of about twelve years at the time when his parents came to Lake County and established their residence in the Waite Hill district of this county. Here he was reared to maturity, and his entire active career was marked by alliance with farm industry in this county, he having been a farmer in the Village of Willoughby at the time of his death, in 1894. He was a loyal and substantial citizen who ever commanded unqualified popular esteem, was a republican in politics, and both he and his wife, whose death occurred in 1904, were zealous members of the Christian Church. Of the children the eldest is Anna, who is the wife of Charles Johnson, a successful contracting car- penter at Kirtland; Wallace B. resides at Willoughby and is one of the exponents of farm enterprise in his native county; Sophia died in childhood; and Edward M., of this sketch, is the youngest of the number. In the Willoughby High School Edward M. Otis was graduated as a member of the class of 1898, and the year 1903 recorded his graduation from Western Reserve University, from which he received the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy. At the university he became affiliated with the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity, and in the year of his graduation from this institution he became teacher of science in the Willoughby High School. One year later, while still serving as instructor in science, he was made principal of the high school, and of this office he continued the incumbent until 1909, when he was advanced to his present responsible office, that of superintendent of the public schools of Willoughby. Under his executive supervision there are three schools, thirty teachers and 800 pupils. Mr. Otis has been for the past fifteen years a member of the Lake County Board of School Examiners, and is in every sense one of the valued and influential factors in educational affairs in his native county. In politics Mr. Otis supports men and measures meeting the approval of his judgment, without reference to strict partisan lines. He is a member Of the National Educational Association, the Ohio State Teachers' Association, the Northeastern Ohio Teachers' Association, and the Ohio Educational Research Association. He is (1924) president of the Willoughby Chamber of Commerce, and secretary and a director of the Willoughby Savings & Loan Company. After an effective post-graduate course Mr. Otis received in 1920 the degree of Master of Arts from Columbia University, New York City. He and his wife are earnest members of the First Presbyterian Church of Willoughby, in which he is an elder and which he represents in the Session, besides which he was for a number of years superintendent of its Sunday School. He owns his attractive home property on River Street, and this modern residence is known for its generous hospitality. At Cleveland, in November, 1904, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Otis and Miss Gwendolyn Cornwall, daughter of Robert and Ella (Shute) Cornwall, the father having been a successful contractor and builder in the City of Cleveland at the time of his death, and the widowed mother now being a loved member of the family circle of Mr. and Mrs. Otis. The two children of Mr. and Mrs. Otis are Catherine Esther and Mary Elizabeth, and both are attending the Willoughby public schools at the time of this writing. PIERCE D. HILBERT, one of the most active and proficient men in this part of the state, was born at Lawrenceburg, Indiana, on August 3, 1875, and is the son of Benjamin and Barbara (Huffing) Hilbert. The father is still active, although eighty-five years of age, but the mother passed away in 1901. The father came to America when he was only four years old. He was a member of the noted race known as "Low Dutch." Benjamin Hilbert lived originally in Hanover, Germany, but finally came to the United States, before the Civil war, and became a prominent and reputable citizen. He is now a resident of Hamilton, Ohio, where he is comfortably passing his old age. When the Civil war startled the nation he promptly enlisted in Company F, Eighteenth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and soon was ordered to the front. He participated in many stirring engagements and campaigns, and while in the service contracted a complexity of disorders, including rheumatism, which have injuriously affected him 126 - HISTORY OF OHIO up to the present day. In fact, ever since the war he has been practically disabled and incapacitated. For a number of years he was a manufacturer of cigars in Cincinnati and in other cities, he and his wife raised a family of thirteen children, Pierce D. being the eighth child. In his early youth he had a chance for a little heroism among them, which they tell as follows: "While our gang of boys were in swimming on one occasion in the old swimming hole above the old river, in the Miami, we were all coming out and were dressing when we heard someone in the river shouting 'Help! ' I looked and saw Walter Bruning struggling for his life. I threw my shirt off while I ran and jumped in, swam to where Walter was and pulled him into shore, where we boys worked him back to life again. Walter is still alive. He is a superintendent at Niles Tool Works in Hamilton and has a very nice family, and we are still old friends." Pierce D. Hilbert was given a good education in the parochial schools of Cincinnati, and ended his educational career by taking a course at St. Stephens School, Hamilton, Ohio, coming out with credit at the age of thirteen years. It was now necessary for him to get to work for himself, so he secured a position as machinist with Hooven-Owens-Rentschler, makers of the old and famous Corliss engines. There Ile remained hard at work for three years. He then engaged in the stone-cutting business with Fred Horssnyder, and in that artistic occupation soon became a notable expert. Thus he continued with both profit and credit until 1898, when he changed his location to Eaton, Ohio, where, with Henry Holland, he engaged in the monument business and was thus at work for about two years. He then changed his location to Hamilton, and there engaged in the same business for about one year. Receiving a good offer, he then again changed his location to Manchester, Ohio, where he became connected with the F. C. McColm Granite Works, and was actively at work with them for two years. Soon afterward he went to Grand Rapids, Michigan, and accepted a position with F. C. Black, who was engaged in a similar pursuit. He also spent one month at Ionia, Michigan, and then returned to Manchester and worked there for another year. In 1903 he came to Portsmouth, and for two very busy years he was connected with the C. C. Bode Granite Company. By this time he had become not only an expert in all stone-cutting employments and projects, but had developed to a striking degree the arts, adornments and elegance of his attractive occupation. About this time he went to Cincinnati, and for one and a half years was associated with the Coast & Coast Marble Works. Succeeding this period of work he traveled through the state of Kentucky doing important replacement and repair work in Lexington and other cities. About this time he moved his headquarters to Lawrenceburg, Indiana, and for two years was connected with the Lawrenceburg Monument Company, but located in Springfield, Ohio, in 1909. There he was connected with the W. H. Houpt Granite Works for a short time, and then returned to Portsmouth and for two years was associated with the Reitz Bros. Building Material Company. Subsequently he was employed by the Portsmouth Monument Company for another two years and while thus engaged advanced their business to a large extent with the the expectation of becoming interested in the concern, but did not succeed, and then became connected with the Whitaker-Glessner Steel Company in the building department, and while there at work one day he fell from a scaffold and was severely injured. After his recovery he remained with that company for two years and then became foreman for one year for the Peerless Granite Company. Since 1920 he has been in the monumental and building stone business for himself, and has met with marked success. Not only is Mr. Hilbert an expert in granite and marble, but is fully qualified as a building stone carver of which Portsmouth can boast of having the only stone carver this side of Cincinnati and Columbus. A few of the buildings on which Mr. Hilbert has done some real carving are the Sciotoville Theater, Universal Garage, Jewish Temple, Telephone Building, Daehler Funeral Home, Streich Building, addition to First National Bank Building of Portsmouth, and the Lion Fountain at Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio, all of which speak for themselves in showing the work of Mr. Hilbert 's wonderful skill. In addition to his artistic and laborious duties he is a profound student and reader, and thus has posted himself on all the ups and downs of worldly existence. He has gone through the night schools with great merit and has taken stringent courses in the correspondence schools. Thus he has acquired a superior education in commercial law and in general business occupations. He is a member of the Portsmouth Quartette, of which he is the leader. Already he is known far and near for his marvelous tenor voice. His quartette is required to sing at all local and other entertainments, and goes all over this section of the state to meet the demands for superb concerts. They took the grand prize at Jackson at the Eisteddford of Welch Singers. In addition to quartette singing Mr. Hilbert is a natural musician, playing various instruments, and always delights in entertaining at any gathering with his songs, elocution and instrumental music. Mr. Hilbert is a member of the Cecilian Choir at St. Mary's Church, and has been a church singer for a number of years. On November 7, 1907, at Portsmouth, he was united in marriage with Miss Rosa Belle, daughter of Jacob and Hellen Reutinger. They have one child, Paul B. Mrs. Hilbert's parents are both living. Her father was an inspector of railroad car shops, but has been engaged in the shoe industry for a number of years. Mr. Hilbert is a Catholic, but his wife is a Presbyterian. Bernard Hilbert, grandfather of Mr. Hilbert, died at the age of eighty-seven years, and his father lived to the remarkable age of one hundred and five years. Both were superior citizens. THE GREAT AMERICAN MUTUAL INDEMNITY COMPANY. Since the advent of the automobile and its entrance into every phase of our every-day life its influence has been felt in many avenues of activity. Not least among these is the insurance field, in which the automobile has played an important part. In this connection mention is to be made of the Great American Mutual Indemnity Company, of Mansfield, Ohio, which, makes the full coverage automobile insurance its principal line. This company was incorporated November 26, 1917, was licensed by the Ohio Insurance Department, and commenced writing insurance December 26, 1917. It was the first Ohio company incorporated and licensed to write full coverage automobile insurance in this state. The growth in business is shown in the following figures: 1918, $109,468; 1919, $487,792; 1920, $858,458; 1921, $883,042; 1922, $992,735; and 1923, $1,316,987.89. The financial statement of June 30, 1924, shows the following: assets, $960,983.66; reserve for protection of policy holders, $452,117.82; special loss reserves, $200,640.66; surplus, $201,971.42. The Great American Mutual Indemnity Company is the largest and strongest automobile insurance company in Ohio. It is a mutual company, operat- HISTORY OF OHIO - 127 ing without the assessment clause in its contracts, having accumulated more surplus in its five years of operation than is required of a stock company to have capital stock. No where in the United States has a company of its kind grown so rapidly. It now has a representative in every city, town and village in Ohio and branch offices in the larger cities and expecting to enter other states in the near future. The prompt, friendly and just settlement of claims has built up a reputation for the organization as being the greatest claim paying company in the business, and this no doubt has contributed largely to its success. Since starting business the company has taken on the writing of personal automobile accident, plate glass, guaranty indemnity and assessment policies. The home office at Mansfield has about 100 employes, and hi addition to its large and growing insurance business, maintains its own printing plant and garage where damaged cars are repaired or rebuilt. Henry R. Endly, secretary and active head of the Great American Mutual Indemnity Company, who was responsible for its inception, served in the Ohio Department of Insurance, leaving there to return to Mansfield, his home town, and interest as incorporators the following: Richmond Smith, secretary of the Richmond Mutual Insurance Company; E. W. Dann, assistant secretary of the Richland Mutual Insurance Company; J. A. Rigby, president of that company; S. A. Jennings, cashier of the Citizens National Bank; R. A. Tracy, Mansfield Mutual Insurance Company; G. W. Lowry, ex-mayor of Mansfield; T. R. Barnes, president of the Barnes Manufacturing Company ; G. W. Blymer, manager of Blymer Brothers Company ; H. Scattergood, manager Scattergood Dry Goods Company; G. W. DeYarmon, secretary Merchants and Manufacturers Mutual Insurance Company ; J. B. Lindley, cashier Farmers Savings Bank; C. F. Ackerman, president Mansfield Savings Bank; E. Remy, Sr., president Security Savings and Trust Company; Jesse E. LaDow, secretary Mansfield Rubber Company; William B. Martin, president Mansfield Hardware Company ; F. W. Bloor, vice president of the Merchants and Manufacturers Mutual Insurance Company ; F. B. Black, president of the Ohio Brass Company; L. R. Dronberger, Mallinkrodt Chemical Company; E. R. Endly, Pennsylvania Railroad Company; and Henry R. Endley, former examiner State Insurance Department. These. incorporators chose the following as their Board of Directors: W. B. Martin, F. W. Bloor, L. R. Dronberger, Henry R. Endly and F. B. Black. Mr. Martin is president of the Martin Hardware Company and the Mechanics Loan Company, vice president of the Great American Mutual Indemnity Company, and a director of the Mansfield Telephone Company, the Mansfield Savings Bank, the Columbia Tire and Rubber Company, the Buckeye Union Mutual Insurance Company, the Rotary Club and the Chamber of Commerce, all of Mansfield. Mr. Bloor is director of the Buckeye Union Mutual Insurance Company, vice president of the Merchants and Manufacturers Mutual Insurance Company, secretary of the Caldwell & Bloor Company, a director of the Richland Savings Bank, the Mansfield Telephone Company, and of the C. M. Bundy Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, and a trustee of the Mansfield General Hospital. Mr. Dronberger is president of The Buckeye Union Mutual Insurance Company, a director in the Richland Savings Bank, Mansfield, and general sales agent for the Mallinkrodt Chemical Works, St. Louis, Missouri. Mr. Endly is secretary of the Great America Mutual Indemnity Company and vice president of the Buckeye Union Mutual Insurance Company, both of Mansfield; director of the Westervelt-Griswold Company and the Griswold Securities Company, both of Cleveland ; former state senator of the Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Ohio districts; and director of the Richland County Automobile Club. Mr. Black is president of the Ohio Brass Company and the Great American Mutual Indemnity County, both of Mansfield, and of the Ohio Insulator Company of Barberton, Ohio; a director of the Mansfield Sheet and Tin Plate Company, the Citizens National Bank, the Columbia Tire and Rubber Company and the Perfect Rubber Company, all of Mansfield; and president of the Board of Trustees of the Mansfield General Hospital of his city. OHIO BRASS COMPANY. The Ohio Brass Company of Mansfield is one of the older and larger industries of that manufacturing city. The business was organized in 1888, starting with about twenty employes and a paid up capital of five thousand dollars. The company now has one other large factory, in Barbertown, Ohio, and also one in Canada, and the three plants employ about two thousand people. The Mansfield plant furnishes employment for over one thousand workers. The original output was valves and a general brass foundry business. In later years the company has concentrated largely on electric equipment, including overhead line material, rail bonds and third rail insulators for electric railways, electrified steam roads, mines and industrial haulage; and high tension porcelain insulators. The company still produces a complete line of brass valves. This company started operation in a rented building, and , in 1898 bought a group of factory buildings on the present site. These buildings were practically destroyed in 1905, and construction was immediately begun on a new group of buildings, specially designed for efficiency and systematic handling of material, and since then it has been noted as one of the model manufacturing plants of the state. DAVID LOUIS. WEBB, conspicuous business man of Portsmouth, Scioto County, Ohio, was born on March 12, 1842, in Adams County, same state, and is the son of John and Eliza (Lewis) Webb. The father was a successful and prosperous farmer and a dealer in timber and lumber in Adams County, where he attained prominence as a trustworthy neighbor and a reputable citizen. He and his wife were reliable members of the Christian Church, and both took an active and spirited interest in the affairs of the community where they lived. The father of John was William, who was a native of Germany and came to the United States at an early date and was here married and passed the remainder of his life, leaving an enviable reputation and considerable property. David L. Webb grew to maturity on his father 's farm, and there learned how to conduct agricultural operations with satisfactory profit. While growing up he assisted his father in the timber and lumber business also. As his services were needed on the farm and in the forests, he did not receive as good an education as he deserved. However, he attended the common schools. When he was fourteen years old his father moved from Adams County to Scioto County, and here it was that he finished his education at the age of sixteen. Then he left school and devoted his whole time in assisting his father on the farm and in the timber, mainly the latter. At the start he peeled bark, hauled logs and did anything that would help. He was thus occupied until he was twenty-one years old, and then started out for himself. He then secured a job with the T. W. Coan & Smith Sawmill Company, and was engaged with them for three years, during which important period he became very proficient in all the milling operations, particularly the effective handling of the engine, 128 - HISTORY OF OHIO which he often operated alone, much to the satisfaction of his employers. At the end of the three years he was given a responsible position with the T. G. Adamson Company, who were in the same business, and was thus occupied for nine years, of which for eight years, he served as foreman. He then had amassed sufficient wealth and had gained enough knowledge of the lumber business to make a start for himself. Accordingly he secured his own mill and forests in Greenup County, Kentucky, where for about six months he was very busy getting a start. It was during this period that he formed a partnership with Henry H. Cuppett in the sawmill and general lumber business, which combination lasted for twenty-eight years. It was about the year 1872-73 that he purchased approximately 6,000 acres of excellent timber land in Ohio, some ten miles from Portsmouth, to which he moved his mill and other apparatus and began operations at a place called Turkey Creek. There he operated the mill and transferred the lumber as fast as sawed to Portsmouth, where he owned a large lumber yard. In 1884 he built a large sawmill at Portsmouth at Front and Madison streets, which he conducted for several years, and then started a large planing mill and greatly enlarged his lumber yard. He moved permanently to Portsmouth in 1885, but still kept his sawmill on Turkey Creek in commission. He at last gave up the sawmill in Portsmouth, but continued the planing mill on an extensive scale. On June 23, 1898, the planing mill was destroyed by fire, without insurance, the loss amounting to $13,000. On September 2, 1898, the sawmill on Turkey Creek was also burned to the ground, the loss reaching the sum of $3,000. These serious losses did not stop him from active operations along the same lines. He at once leased a large planing mill plant on Gallia Street, near where the Excelsior Shoe Company 's plant now stands, and operated it with steadily increasing success from 1900 to 1913. Before this prosperous period Mr. Cuppett had sold out to Mr. Webb, and the latter was busy alone in the big planing mill. Notwithstanding the enormous losses by fire mentioned above Mr. Webb soon fully regained his prosperity, paid all his obligations and recovered his business equilibrium. In 1913 he sold his plant and purchased his present site and soon was in full and satisfactory operation with rapidly advancing patronage. He is now the owner of one of the largest and most successful plants of the kind in the city—large lumber yard, very effective planing mill, an immense stock of general building supplies of all sorts, and a vast trade over a large section of the country. He is a staunch republican and a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and of the Chamber of Commerce. He served as school director in Niles Township and as president of the Portsmouth Water Works Board. On February 17, 1866, at Pond Run, he married Sophia Holt, daughter of David and Jerusha (Mershone) Holt, and to this union the following children were born: Emmie, David L. Jr., Thomas J., Charles and Henry, all of whom are married and happy. David L. Jr., is associated in business with his father. He received his education in the public schools of Portsmouth, and on November 15, 1892, at Portsmouth, married Harriet Amy, daughter of John and Julia Hopkins. David L. Jr., now takes an active and prominent part in all worthy public affairs. OTHO W. KENNEDY has been a member of the Bucyrus bar for almost a quarter of a century. In that time he has achieved more than local reputation as a skillful and hard working lawyer, has performed his share of public responsibilities connected with his profession, and his leadership in the community is generally acknowledged. Mr. Kennedy was born on a farm May 25, 1878, son of Thomas S. and Hester F. (Monnette) Kennedy. His parents were born, reared and married in Marion County, Ohio, and from there moved to Crawford County, where his father was prosperously engaged in farming the rest of his years. He was active in public affairs as a democrat and as a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Of twelve children ten are still living: Thomas M., assistant cashier and director of a bank at Bucyrus; William C., a farmer in Marion County ; Otho W.; Orange D., a Crawford County farmer ; Myron G., a druggist at Marion: Amy E., wife of Sam F. Stump, a farmer in Crawford County; Olive E., wife of R. B. Lisle, a minister of the Methodist Church; Ralph C., who is in the real estate business at San Luis Obispo, California; Myrtle F., wife of F. E. Tanner, a civil engineer by profession and now county engineer of Medina County, Ohio; and Almet E., who operates the home farm. Otho W. Kennedy grew up on the farm of his parents, attended public schools there, and subsequently finished his higher literary education in Ohio Northern University at Ada. In the meantime he taught school. He graduated Bachelor of Law from the law department of Ohio Northern University and also studied law in Western Reserve University at Cleveland. He received his law degree and was admitted to the bar December 6, 1902, and early in the following year moved to Bucyrus and has been steadily engaged in practice there. Mr. Kennedy was elected solicitor of Bucyrus, and filled that office three terms, from January, 1908, to January, 1914. He was then elected and in January, 1915, became county prosecuting attorney, and served two terms, until January, 1919. He was in charge of this office during the World war period, when many additional duties had to be performed. He also acted as government appeal agent during that period. November 24, 1910, Mr. Kennedy married Edna T. Birk. She is a graduate of the Bucyrus High School and for a number of years was a successful teacher there. They have one son, Paul C., born August 18, 1914. Mr. Kennedy is a member of the Lutheran Church, is a past worthy. president of the Fraternal Order of Eagles, and also a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Loyal Order of Moose. He is a stockholder and attorney for the Farmers and Citizens Bank and Savings Company and was one of its organizers. He is also president of the Crawford County Savings and Loan Company. HON. LEWIS H. BATTEFELD has been a resident of Bucyrus for sixty-three years. His name has been synonymous with the sound industry and good citizenship of that town, and his fellow citizens have again and again conferred upon him the honors of public office, including membership in the Legislature. Mr. Battefeld was born at Columbus, Ohio, September 13, 1842, son of Ludwig and Christina (Bieber) Battefeld. His father was a native of Hesse-Darmstadt and his mother of Wurttemberg, Germany. She came to the United States with her parents in 1831 and they settled on a farm near New Washington in Crawford County. In 1835 she and a schoolmate walked to Columbus to get domestic work, and while in that city in 1841 she married Ludwig Battefeld, who had recently come over from Germany. They established their home in Columbus, and both died during the cholera epidemic, six weeks apart. Four children survive them. The maternal grandfather of these children drove a wagon to Columbus and took the four orphans back to New Washington, where all of them grew up. Lewis H. was HISTORY OF OHIO - 129 the oldest of the four children. His brother Conrad became a Union soldier, and died soon after the close of the Civil war. One other son is still living, John Battefeld, a retired resident of Marion, Ohio. Lewis H. Battefeld grew up on the farm of his grandparents in Crawford County, and after a common school education he was bound out to learn the trade of saddler and harness maker, and worked for one employer eleven years. Mr. Battefeld was for thirty-five years engaged in the brick and drain tile business at Bucyrus, and he still owns the plant. He has had a successful business career, and is now retired. On July 2, 1867, he married Miss Philipina Krebs. She was born in Germany, August 4, 1840, and when nine years of age was brought to this country by her parents, who located in Crawford County. Mrs. Battefeld died in 1917. There is one son, Lewis P. Battefeld, a prosperous dry goods merchant at Bucyrus. Mr. Battefeld is a member of St. Paul's Lutheran Church, and in politics has always been identified with the democratic party. He was appointed and served as marshal of Bucyrus, also constable three years, and in 1885 was elected township trustee, a post of duty he filled six years. In 1895 he was chosen a member of the board of county commissioners, and gave his time and judgment to the work of that body for six years. His service in the Legislature was for two terms, being elected in 1910 and in 1912. CLEMENT L. SPRIGGS has had a long and useful career as an Ohio man, has been identified with the profession of teaching, also with coal mining, and for a number of years has been a resident of Bucyrus, where he is now serving as justice of the peace. He was born in Noble County, Ohio, May 27, 1863, son of Dr. William S. and Matilda (Gant) Spriggs. His grandfather, Morris Spriggs, was born in Philadelphia, learned the trade of gunsmith and tailor, and followed those occupations until he came to Ohio, where he bought a farm. He was engaged in agricultural pursuits in Ohio until 1870, when he moved to Illinois and bought another farm in that state, and remained there until his death. Dr. William S. Spriggs was born in Belmont County, Ohio, in April, 1837, being one of the six sons and two daughters of his parents. All of these children at some time or other followed the profession of teaching, and all the sons became either doctors or lawyers. Dr. William S. Spriggs after teaching for a few years entered Starling Medical College, was graduated, and then for many years enjoyed an extensive town and country practice at Sarahsville, then the county seat of Noble County. He remained there until his death in 1904. He was a member of the Masonic Order. His first wife, Matilda Gant, was born in Noble County, in January, 1837, and was the mother of three children: Edgar Spriggs, a farmer in Illinois; Ethel, now living at Sarahsville, who in the course of her professional work as a teacher was connected with the schools of Chicago for twenty-eight years; and Clement L. Clement L. Spriggs was reared in Sarahsville, attended the common schools there, took a normal course, and at the age of sixteen he taught his first term Of school. Mr. Spriggs as a teacher did his work in Noble, Washington and Athens counties, and was prominent in the profession for twenty years. Following that he was connected with the coal mining industry in Southeastern Ohio until he removed to Bucyrus fifteen years ago. At one time he served as township treasurer in Athens County. He has administered his duties as justice of the peace at Bucyrus in the most creditable manner. He is a democrat and is a past noble grand of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Mr. Spriggs married Miss Kate Marquis, of Noble County. Their five children are: Mrs. Lulu Knowles; Ruby, wife of Hugh Lahr, of Crawford County; Kenneth S., who served in the regular army five years and was a sergeant overseas during the World war, and is now a resident of Salt Lake City, Utah; Donald M., who also saw service with the American Expeditionary Forces in France; and Elba, wife of Fred Zaebst, of Dayton, Ohio. JOHN PEEBLES. The name Peebles for more than a century has been conspicuous in the history of Southern Ohio, particularly the section of the state known as the Hanging Rock Iron Region. Mr. John Peebles, of Portsmouth, is the last surviving representative of his generation and is a son of the pioneer ironmaster, John Geddes Peebles, and a grandson of John Peebles, who founded the family in the Scioto Valley. The founder of the American branch of the family was William Peebles, who was born at the town of Peebles, near Edinburgh, Scotland. When he was an infant his parents moved to the North of Ireland, where he was reared and educated, and as a young man he came to America and settled in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. When the war for independence broke out he raised a company of soldiers, equipped them at his personal expense, and became captain in the Second Battalion of Miles Penn's Rifle Regiment, March 9, 1776. In a battle with the British on Long Island, August 27, 1776, he was wounded and taken prisoner, and died in prison September 5, 1776. After his death the government reimbursed his family in Continental money and gave them a deed of 2,000 acres. John Peebles, who was born near Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, November 21, 1769, was a boy when his father met a patriot's death, and though in limited circumstances, grew up to strong and self reliant manhood, serving an apprenticeship at the cabinet maker 's trade. On November 17, 1795, he married Margaret Rodgers, also a native of Shippensburg, Cumberland County, where she was born May 17, 1777. Some years after their marriage, in 1807, they started for Ohio, traveling with wagons to Brownsville, Pennsylvania, and thence by flatboat down the Ohio River, landing at Portsmouth, near the mouth of the Scioto River. At that time Chillicothe was the capital of the state, and the family moved there, where John Peebles followed his trade for a few years, and also built a saw mill and manufactured furniture from cherry and walnut timber. Subsequently he returned to Chillicothe, and in 1819 he started again with his family, this time for the prairies of Illinois. A boat carried them down the canal to Portsmouth, where they arrived April 2, 1819. Mrs. Peebles objected to going to Illinois. The day they landed at Portsmouth they spent in a hotel on Front Street, and John Peebles negotiated for the purchase of the hotel the same day and thus became permanently identified with that section of Ohio. The following day was Sunday and they attended the Presbyterian Church, joining it by letters, and were faithful members Of that church the rest of their lives. John Peebles for a time operated a nail factory at Portsmouth, but the slow process then in vogue made the business unprofitable. He conducted a hotel, engaged in the commission business, and held many offices of trust, including supervisor, overseer of poor, member of the board of health, town assessor, township trustee, secretary of the County Agricultural Society and a director of the Columbus and Portsmouth Turnpike Company. His last days were spent in Hanging Rock, Scioto County, where he died 130 - HISTORY OF OHIO October 22, 1846. His wife passed away August 28, 1847. They were the parents of ten children: William who died July 24, 1829, and was the first person buried in Greenlawn Cemetery; Rachel Rodgers, Elizabeth, Fanny Denny, Jane Finley, Richard R., Margaret H., Joseph Scott, John Geddes, and one that died in infancy. John Geddes Peebles was born November 30, 1813, about five miles from Chillicothe, in Ross County, on Lick Run, where his father then had a farm, saw mill and furniture factory. He was about six years old when brought to Portsmouth, where he attended school. When he was fourteen he went back to Chillicothe, and was employed by his uncle, John McCoy, a merchant there. Subsequently he engaged in business as a commission agent, becoming a factor in the river traffic of that time, and was also a merchant in Portsmouth until the panic of 1837. In 1842 he located at Pine Grove Furnace, worked as a carpenter, and having made a practical study of the iron industry he and his brother Joseph S. Peebles and another associate, Capt. Samuel Coles, in 1844 acquired a half interest in the Pine Grove Furnace and Hanging Rock Coal Company. He was made manager of the business at the furnace, and from that time forward was one of the conspicuous men in the iron industry of the Hanging Rock Region. During the latter part of the war he was a resident of Ironton, but in 1865 returned to Portsmouth, and lived in a commodious home at the corner of Second and Washington streets. He was killed by a trolley car in front of his home October 30, 1901. He served as president of the Portsmouth National Bank from 1875 until his death, and was prominently identified with the Belfont Iron Works Company, the Ashland Coal Company, the Ashland Coal and Iron Railway Company, and the Lexington and Big Sandy Railroad Company. He achieved his wealth honorably and used it for the benefit of his community. For many years he was president of the Board of Trustees of the Children's Home. June 10, 1835, John Geddes Peebles married Martha Rose Steele, who was born at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 29, 1816, daughter of Robert Steele. She died in November, 1903. They became the parents of nine children, rearing five, the only survivor being Mr. John Peebles. The others were Robert, Margaret J., Mary E. and Richard R. John Peebles was born at Pine Grove Furnace in Lawrence County, was educated in the country schools of Pine Grove Furnace, in an academy at Sewickley, Pennsylvania, and the Normal School at Lebanon, Ohio. For several years he was a clerk for the manufacturing firm of Johnson, Peebles & Company, and in 1873 he and Joseph G. Reed engaged in the wholesale dry goods business. He was interested in this business for a quarter of a century, since which time he has devoted his energies to the management of the large estate of his father and his own private interests. He organized in 1902 the Peebles Paving Brick Company, and has since been its president, and after his father 's death he became president of Portsmouth National Bank, serving in that capacity until this bank was consolidated with the First National Bank. He is an officer and director in several iron and mining companies, and with his son has large interests in farming and stock raising. In 1870 Mr. Peebles married Sarah Lynn Tewksbury, a native of Scioto County, daughter of Moor Russell and Sarah (Lynn) Tewksbury, and a granddaughter of Ezekiel Tewksbury, a native of Amherst, Massachusetts, and his wife, Sallie Barron, of North Haverhill, New Hampshire. Her maternal grandparents were Andrew and Jane Lynn, of Browne County, Ohio. The first wife of Mr. Peebles died July 7, 1881, leaving one daughter, Martha Steele Peebles. This daughter married Mr. Elmer Dover. Mr. Dover has been a conspicuous figure in Ohio and national politics. He was in the newspaper business until 1897, and served as private secretary to Senator Hanna until the death of that Ohio statesman in 1904. He was secretary of the Republican National Committee four years, and had charge of the presidential campaign of the late President Harding on the Pacific Coast in 1920. In December, 1921, he was made assistant secretary of the treasury, but had since resigned and is now living at Los Angeles, California. Mr. and Mrs. Dover have one daughter, Mary Elizabeth Dover, wife of Gerald Todd. Gerald Todd, Jr., is a great-grandson of Mr. John, Peebles, and the latter is properly proud of this representative in the fourth generation. In 1888 Mr. Peebles married Antoinette Lloyd, a native of Portsmouth, daughter of Richard and Mary Ella (Bentley) Lloyd. Her mother was a daughter of Aholiab and Mary (McCauley) Bentley, and granddaughter of Benjamin and Mary (Baldwin) Bentley. By his second marriage Mr. Peebles has two children, Miriam and Joseph Bentley Peebles. Miriam by her first marriage had a son, Jay Lee Cross, Jr., and she is now the wife of S. D. Arrow-wood, of New York City, connected with the Cannon Cotton Mills Company. Mr. and Mrs. Arrowwood have one son, John Peebles Arrowwood. Joseph Bentley Peebles married Ellen Vandervoert and they have two children, Martha Bentley and Nancy. Joseph B. Peebles is associated with his father in the Peebles Realty Company and the Peebles Land Company, also superintendent of the Peebles Paving Brick Company. They still own a large amount of land, though the state several years ago took over 5,000 acres of their holdings as part of a state game preserve. Mr. Peebles and son are interested in the breeding of blooded cattle. They have two large herds of Herefords, one near Portsmouth, across the Scioto River, and one at Henley, Ohio. FERNANDO J. NORTON, who for forty-two years has been in the greenhouse and floral business at Bucyrus, is a representative in the third generation of the family that had most to do with the founding of this thriving and prosperous city of Central Ohio. It was his grandfather, Samuel Norton, who came from Pennsylvania and acquired the land on which most of Bucyrus is now built. He .entered this land from the government. Subsequently he laid out a town, gave it its name, and by his enterprise and generosity insured its substantial growth. He gave the ground for the courthouse, jail, schoolhouse and the Baptist Church, of which he was a charter member. Altogether he owned a section of land here, and assisted many of the early settlers to get started. He operated a hotel and also a stage line from Sandusky to Columbus. Jefferson Norton, son of Samuel and Mary Norton, the pioneers, was reared in Bucyrus, and during an active career was engaged in the carriage business. He died August 20, 1876. He was a member of the Baptist Church, was treasurer of the Masonic Lodge and a republican voter. By his marriage to Eleanore Byron, he was the father of six children, four of whom are still living. Fernando J. Norton was born at Bucyrus, December 28, 1859. He attended the local public schools during his youth, and he also learned the carriage wood work trade. He followed this four years, and then for six and one-half years was in the railroad service, first as a fireman and later for three years as an engineer. While railroading he built his first greenhouse, and in 1882 resigned from the railroad to give all his time and attention to this business, which proved successful beyond his expectations. HISTORY OF OHIO - 131 He has now been the florist of Bucyrus for forty-two years, has the only business of its kind there, and his products are distributed to many surrounding towns. His plant includes 30,000 square feet under glass. Mr. Norton's first wife was Anna L. Adams, and after her death he married Helen Roehr. His five children are all by his first marriage. The three daughters, Myrtle, Mary and Mabel, are graduates of business college. The son Arthur is associated with his father in the floral business. Harry J. is in the automobile business at Mansfield, Ohio. The family are members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Norton is a Royal Arch and Council degree Mason, a member of the Eastern Star, the Knights of Pythias, the Bcnevolent and Protective Order of Elks, has filled all the chairs in the Knights of the Maccabees, and is also a member of the Junior Order United American Mechanics, the Royal Home and the Royal Arcanum. PHIL H. HEATER. One of the most substantial industries of the City of Bucyrus is the Rufenacht Rubber Company, of which Phil H. Heater is secretary and treasurer. Mr. Heater has been identified with the rubber industry at Bucyrus for a number of years, and through his own energies and abilities has made himself one of the prominent men in Central Ohio business circles. He was born on a farm in Crawford County, January 28, 1873, son of Phil H. and Henrietta (Fawley) Heater. His parents were both natives of Virginia, were educated in private schools there, and his father was born and reared at Leesburg. He served as a Union soldier during the Civil war, and afterward became a farmer in Crawford County, Ohio. He died at the age of twenty-five, and his widow subsequently married again, and is now living at Pleasant Hill, Missouri. By the first marriage there were three children: John, foreman of the car inspecting department of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad; Minnie, wife of Lynn Turpin, of Kansas City; and Phil H. Phil H. Heater was a small child when his father died, and grew up in the home of his paternal grandparents. He lived with them until he was nineteen, and in the meantime attended the common and high schools, and subsequently graduated from the scientific course and also from the commercial department of the Ohio Northern University at Ada. Following this education he went to work at Cincinnati as stenographer to the general superintendent of the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad. Mr. Heater had six years of work and experience with the railroad company. Following that he became a general merchant at Oceola in Crawford County, and sold goods at that point for ten years. He then started the elevator and supply house at Lemert in the same county, but after a year sold out and in 1916 joined the Bucyrus Rubber Company as timekeeper and shipping clerk. He soon became further interested in this industry, and in 1917 was elected president of the company, and is still its executive head. He has been secretary and treasurer of the Rufenacht Rubber Company since February, 1921. Mr. Heater takes an active part in all civic and social affairs at Bucyrus. He is a member of the United Brethren Church, is affiliated with the Royal Arch, Council and Knight Templar Commandery of Masonry, and is a member of the Junior Order United American Mechanics and Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. In politics he has always given his staunch support to the republican party and its principles. During the ten years he was a resident of Oceola he served as postmaster of the town. He was also township treasurer of Todd Township. JULIUS JACOB BLISS came to Bucyrus forty-one years ago as principal of the local high school, and his activities and fortunes have been permanently identified with the city for nearly thirty years. As a banker, educator and a man of unusual range of culture and good faith has exercised a powerful influence in the community, particularly with respect to those institutions that exemplify the enlightened public spirit. Mr. Bliss was born in Russell Township, Geauga County, Ohio, May 16, 1854. He represents a line of sturdy New England ancestry. One of his ancestors came over and joined the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts as early as 1636. There were three members of the Bliss family who were soldiers in the Revolution. The grandfather of the Bucyrus banker was Col. Otis B. Bliss, a soldier of the Mexican war. Colonel Bliss married a Miss Potter, a descendant of Roger Williams, founder of Rhode Island and Providence plantations. Olney, Reuben Bliss, father of Julius J., though unable to render service in the field as a soldier in the Civil war, did his bit by drilling militia. He married Mahala J. McFarland, a descendant of Duncan McFarland, who came from Scotland to Massachusetts as early as 1719. Julius Jacob Bliss was reared from the age of five years at Bainbridge in Geauga County, lived on a farm there, attended the local schools, and by his own earnings acquired his higher education. He taught school as a youth, and in this way and by other resources paid his expenses while in Hiram College and in Oberlin College. He holds the degrees Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts from Oberlin. Leaving college in 1881, Mr. Bliss was for one year superintendent of schools at Kelleys Island, and from there came to Bucyrus and was principal of a high school two and one-half years. For ten years Mr. Bliss was superintendent of the Crestline schools. In 1895 he returned to Bucyrus, and for twelve years was superintendent of the city schools. Since then he has been an official in the Bucyrus City Bank. He helped organize and from its establishment has been a director and secretary of the board of directors of the Bucyrus Public Library, and he was a leader in establishing the Young Men's Christian Association at Bucyrus and for several years was its president. Mr. Bliss has been a more or less regular contributor of prose and verse to the local press and other publications. He has been independent in politics, is a past chancellor of the Knights of Pythias, and is a member of the Presbyterian Church. June 24, 1886, Mr. Bliss married Miss Ella May Fuhrman, daughter of Thomas and Adeline (Kirby) Fuhrman, and a cousin of Gen. Miner Kirby. Her grandfather, Sebastian Fuhrman, was a soldier under Napoleon. Mrs. Bliss' mother died when the daughter was an infant, and she grew up in the home and as foster daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George Donnenwirth, of Bucyrus, living with them until her marriage. She is a graduate of the Bucyrus High School and for many years has taken a leading part in the social affairs of the community. Mr. and Mrs. Bliss had three children, one of whom died in infancy, and the two living are Marion and George who married Mildred Jones, their home being in Beulah, Michigan, and Mary Mahala, who is the wife Edgar W. Thompson, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and they are the parents of a daughter, Eleanor Bliss Thompson. GEORGE DONNENWIRTH, who died at Bucyrus January 15, 1923, was one of the most highly honored business men of that city, and had lived there sixty years, earning success by his strenuous exertions and noble integrity of character. He was born at Columbus, January 28, 1835, and in 1838 his parents, George and Sophia Donnenwirth, 132 - HISTORY OF OHIO moved to New Washington, Crawford County. Here George Donnenwirth was reared. He had received his early education in the common schools of Columbus. At the age of fifteen he began learning the blacksmith's trade with his father, but later returned to Columbus and finished his education there. In 1855 he went to Sandusky City, working in a grocery store there, and in 1857 spent some months as a clerk at Burlington, Iowa. About the beginning of 1858 he started his career as a citizen of Bucyrus. He was in partnership with Henry Anthony, and later continued the mercantile business for himself. For thirty-five years he was president of the Bucyrus City Bank, which he helped organize in 1881. He became a vice president, and in January, 1888, its president. He was for twenty-five years a member of the school board, deeply interested in the subject of good schools, was township treasurer and member of the city council, but beyond such positions was not concerned with the honors of politics. He was generous, public spirited, and all citizens united in the opinion that he had been one of the great constructive forces in the history of Bucyrus for more than half a century. At the time of his death he was the oldest living member of the Bucyrus. Lodge, Knights of Pythias and was also a member of the Elks and of Good Hope Lutheran Church. November 23, 1865, he married Miss Mary Ann Fuhrman. They had no children of their own, but reared their niece, Ella M. Fuhrman until her marriage to Mr. J. J. Bliss, of Bucyrus. Mrs. Donnenwirth died January 3, 1923, and the death of her husband followed less than two weeks later. JEFFERSON I. SMITH, former deputy county treasurer of Crawford County, has an interesting record in business and public service, and is one of the county 's best known and most highly esteemed citizens. He was born in Lykens Township of that county April 24, 1863, son of Frederick and Lucy A. (Supp) Smith. His father, who was born in Saxony, Germany, April 1, 1816, lived in his native land until the age of twenty-one, and, coming to the United States, settled at Columbus. From there he removed to Crawford County. Lucy Supp was his second wife, and was born in Pennsylvania in 1830. Frederick Smith was a stone mason and brick layer by trade, but in Crawford County engaged in farming, and became one of the most substantial citizens of the county. He was well educated, and for a number of years held the office of justice of the peace. He was also active in politics and in his church. Of ten children eight are now living, all residents of Crawford County and four of them in Bucyrus. Jefferson I. Smith lived on the home farm until he was eighteen years of age. He attended country schools, a village high school, and had his share of experience as a teacher. While living at New Washington he served as one of the county school examiners from 1890 to 1896. Mr. Smith for many years has been more or less regularly identified with the newspaper business. He was in that line of work at New Washington, connected with the New Washington Herald for twelve years. His home has been at Bucyrus since July, 1897. For five years he was deputy county auditor, and was then elected on the democratic ticket to the office of county auditor, which he held from 1902 to 1909. Following that term of office he reengaged in the newspaper business and also in insurance work. In 1913 he became deputy county treasurer, and was identified with the county treasurer 's office until 1924. For nine months of this time he was treasurer, filling an unexpired term. Mr. Smith married Miss Linnie Breneman on October 8, 1885. She was born in Wayne County, Ohio, daughter of John H. and Lydia (McNary) Breneman. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have one son, Russell. who graduated from high school, from Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, also did post-graduate work in the Case School of Applied Science at Cleveland and the University of Chicago, and is now superintendent of the high school at Crestline, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a democrat, and is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. All public matters have enlisted his hearty support and cooperation, and he was one of the founders of the Bucyrus Young Men's Christian Association, and was president of that institution for two years. GEORGE E. RYAN, proprietor of the cooperative store at Bucyrus, has been an active factor in the business life of that city since early manhood and has achieved enviable success. He was born at Hebron, Licking County, Ohio, May 3, 1887, son of William and Mary E. (Whitely) Ryan, his father a native of Kentucky and his mother of Fairfield County, Ohio. William Ryan is a resident of Bucyrus, is an engineer in the practical service of the Toledo & Ohio Central Railroad, and has an enviable record of about forty years' employment with that railroad company. He is one of the older members of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers. Of his three children two are living, George E. and Lucile. The daughter is a graduate of the Bucyrus High School. George E. Ryan lived in Perry County, Ohio, until he was fifteen years of age, and while there attended public schools. After the family moved to Bucyrus he attended high school, graduating in 1906. Mr. Ryan has been almost continuously associated with one business establishment. He started as a delivery boy in a grocery store, earned successive promotions and for three years managed the business, and in July, 1922, bought the cooperative store of which he is now sole proprietor. Mr. Ryan has also been interested in local affairs. He served three terms as township clerk and two terms as trustee, and has been clerk of the Bucyrus Township Consolidated School District, holding that position when the splendid high school building was erected. He is a democrat in politics. He and his family are members of the Good Hope Lutheran Church, and he is president of the Lutheran Brotherhood and treasurer of the Pastor 's Class. He is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, the Knights of the Maccabees and the Kiwanis Club. At the present time Mr. Ryan is one of the valued members of the city government, representing the Third Ward in the Council. September 18, 1912, he married Miss Bertha C. Munz. They graduated from the same class at high school. Mr. and Mrs. Ryan's two daughters are; Barbara, born June 10, 1914, and Ruth, born June 11, 1917. CHARLES I. MCNEAL, who saw active service on the Mexican border and overseas in France with the rank of lieutenant, since his return from abroad has been assistant county engineer of Crawford County. He is a highly qualified man in his profession. Mr. McNeal was born in Wyandot County, Ohio, February 19, 1888, son of James C. and Martha E. (Wise) McNeal. His father was born in Crawford County, in 1853, lived on a farm there until he was twenty, and then learned the carpenter 's trade, which he followed until recent years. He married Martha E. Wise, of Lake County, Indiana, and for six years they lived at Crown Point in that county. Since then their home has been at Bucyrus. His father is affiliated with the Masonic Lodge at Nevada,. Ohio, and is a HISTORY OF OHIO - 133 democrat, and the mother is a member of the English Lutheran Church. There are three children : Mervin, a carpenter and contractor ; Charles I.; and Ulah, wife of Robert Hennecke, of Omaha, Nebraska. Charles I. McNeal spent his early life on the farm, and acquired a country school education. Farming was his regular work and vocation until he was twenty-three years of age. He then moved to Bucyrus, was employed as a mechanic in a garage, and for three years was connected with the street paving business. In the meantime he had been serving with a unit of the Ohio National Guard. He accompanied his regiment to the Mexican border June 16, 1916, and remained on duty there until March 23, 1917. During the interval of three months he was employed in the county engineer 's office. On July 15, 1917, he joined the colors for service in the World war and on the 24th of August was sent to Camp Sheridan, Alabama, where he remained ten months, going there with the rank of second lieutenant and being promoted to first lieutenant. June 15, 1918, his command embarked for France, landed on the 22d of June, and before the close of the war he saw duty on five different fronts in France and two in Belgium. He remained overseas until March 18, 1919, arrived in the United States April 1, and was mustered out at Camp Sherman, Ohio, April 13. He then returned to Bucyrus, and resumed his duties as assistant county engineer. September 12, 1921, Mr. McNeal married Alma Auck, who graduated from the Bucyrus High School in 1918. She is a member of the Methodist Church and he belongs to the English Lutheran denomination. Lieutenant McNeal is one of the charter members and the present commander of Colonel Crawford Post No. 181, American Legion. He is also affiliated with Bucyrus Lodge No. 139, Free and Accepted Masons, the Fraternal Order of Eagles, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and is a democrat in politics. RUSSELL J. CATON, M. D., an accomplished physician and surgeon, who has been engaged in practice at Bucyrus since he finished his medical course, also had a record of service as a medical officer with the American Forces during the World war. Doctor Caton, who is the present coroner of Crawford County, was born in Knox County, Ohio, September 20, 1891, son of A. L. and Mary M. (Lanning) Caton. His parents were both born in Morrow County, Ohio, and his father is a retired merchant now living at Cardington in that county. Doctor Canton spent the first seven years of his life on a farm. He began his education in a country school. The family then moved to Chesterville, Ohio, where he attended the village school, and when he was ten they moved to Coschocton, where he continued his public school work until he was fourteen. At that time the family took up their residence at Cardington. Doctor Caton graduated from the Cardington High School in 1909. He then entered Starling, Ohio, Medical College at Columbus, and was graduated Doctor of Medicine in 1913. During the same year he located at Bucyrus, and in a short time his abilities and personality had gained for him a successful practice. In 1917 Doctor Caton was commissioned and entered service with the Army Medical Corps. He was attached to the One Hundred Forty-sixth Infantry, Thirty-seventh Division, and was on duty with that division both in the home camps and in France until mustered Out April 13, 1919. He was discharged with the rank of captain, and has since continued his interest in the Federalized National Guard and is now major of the Medical Corps, in command of the medical detachment of the One Hundred Thirty-fifth Field Artillery at Bucyrus. After leaving the army he resumed private practice, and is one of the leaders in his profession at Bucyrus. Doctor Caton married Miss Flora Kahnheimer, of Cardington, Ohio. She is a graduate of the Cardington High School and of Ohio University at Athens. They have two children, Mary Ella, born in 1914, and Hazel Lucile, born in 1920. Doctor Caton and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and Junior Order United American Mechanics, and is a democrat. He was elected county coroner in November, 1920, and in 1922 was reelected to that office. He is a member of the Bucyrus Academy of Medicine and the Crawford County, Ohio State and American Medical associations, and also belongs to the Association of Military Surgeons. WILLIAM M. OTT, a former mayor of Bucyrus, is also a merchant of that city, and has given the greater part of his active career to a hardware business, established by his father and continued through a period of a half century. William M. Ott was born at Bucyrus, January 23, 1878, son of G. A. and Elizabeth (Shealy) Ott. His grandfather, John G. Ott, was a saw mill operator, and operated mills in Central Ohio, manufacturing large quantities of timber for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. G. A. Ott was born at Kenton in Hardin County, Ohio, and his wife, in Crawford County. She died in 1901. In 1867 they came to Bucyrus. They were married December 21, 1876. G. A. Ott at the age of seventy-six is still active in the hardware and tinning business. He is one of the oldest Odd Fellows in Crawford County and is past noble grand of his lodge. His wife was a member of the Lutheran Church. They had seven children: William M.; Lydia, wife of H. T. Beelman; Emma; Harry L.; Carrie, wife of Doctor Zinke; Charles F.; and Ruth E., wife of Howard Keller, former county engineer of Crawford County. William M. Ott was reared in Bucyrus, attended grammar and high school, and at the age of fifteen began his business career in his father's store. He has been actively associated with the business and its manager for many years. Mr. Ott gave Bucyrus a very vigorous administration of its municipal affairs during the four years he held the office of mayor. He is a democrat, and is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Fraternal Order of Eagles, Loyal Order of Moose, and he and his wife are members of the Lutheran and Presbyterian churches, respectively. He married Miss Grace R. Davis, of Delphos, Ohio, June 24, 1915. She is a graduate of the Delphos High School. ARTHUR KARL BEUMLER, M. D. A native son of Scioto County, Doctor Beumler since graduating in medicine has conducted a busy practice at South Webster, and is one of the live and progressive men in that community. He was born at Portsmouth in Scioto County, April 16, 1893, son of George C. and Martha (Henneman) Beumler. His grandfathers, Henry Beumler and Jacob Henneman, were both born in Germany and came to the United States in the fifties, the Beumlers settling in Steam Furnace, Kentucky, and the Hennemans in Marietta, Ohio. The parents of Doctor Beumler are living at Portsmouth, his father a native of Kentucky and his mother of Ohio. George C. Beumler is cashier in the Gilbert Wholesale Grocery Company, at Portsmouth, and is a prominent member of Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church, serving on the Official Board and as treasurer of the Men's Bible Class. He is a member of the Chamber 134 - HISTORY OF OHIO of Commerce, and the Masonic Order and the Royal Arcanum. The only child of his parents, Arthur Karl Beumler was educated in the public schools of his native city, graduating from high school in 1911. Following that he took the full classical course in Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, graduating Bachelor of Arts in 1917. At Delaware he was a member of the Alpha Sigma Phi. He prepared for his profession in the College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, graduating Doctor of Medicine in 1921, and while there was in the Medical Reserve Corps of the Students Army Training Corps. He is a member of the Alpha Kappa Kappa medical fraternity. After graduating he was for one year an interne in Christ Hospital of Cincinnati, and in 1922 engaged in practice at South Webster. Doctor Beumler, who is unmarried, is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is affiliated with the Masonic Order, the Knights of Pythias and the Junior Order United American Mechanics, and belongs to the County and State Medical Societies, and is a Fellow of the American Medical Association. He is also a member of the staff of Hempstead Hospital, Portsmouth, Ohio. EMANUEL R. BIRK, former county treasurer of Crawford County, is active head of a harness and leather business that was established by his father at Bucyrus and has been continuously conducted by the family for nearly seventy years. Emanuel R. Birk was born at Bucyrus, July 25, 1866, son of John G. and Hannah (Kuhn) Birk. His father was born in Wurttemberg, Germany, July 22, 1823, and about 1845 came to the United States, spending a short time at Zoar, Ohio, and from there removing to Bucyrus. He had learned the saddlery and harness making trade in the old country, and after several years of experience as a journeyman worker he started a shop of his Own in 1850, and continued as proprietor of the Birk Harness Store until his death in 1888. He was a staunch democrat, and in 1872 was honored with election as county treasurer of Crawford County. He and his wife were among the leading members of the German Lutheran Church of Bucyrus. His wife was also a native of Wurttemberg, and was brought to the United States when one year of age and was reared at Bucyrus, where she married. They had seven children, two of whom died in infancy, and Lewis C., born January 19, 1854, and associated with his brother Emanuel in the harness store, died January 31, 1923. The others are still living: Christian, born April 29, 1852, is a former sheriff of Crawford County, and is in the drug business ; Elizabeth, born October 20, 1856, is the wife of F. P. Donnenwirth, of Bucyrus; Emanuel R.; and George M., born February 25, 1869, in the drug business at Bucyrus. Emanuel R. Birk as a boy in Bucyrus attended the public schools and learned the harness and leather business in his father's establishment, and has been actively identified with it for over a third of a century. He is also a stockholder in the Bucyrus City Bank. October 20, 1892, he married Miss Melinka Vollrath, who was born at Bucyrus, August 10, 1866. Mr. and Mrs. Birk are members of the Good Hope Lutheran Church, and he is a member of the Men's League. Fraternally he is affiliated with Bucyrus Lodge of Masons, the Royal Arch Chapter, the Council degree, Marion Commandery of Knights Templar, Scottish Rite Consistory and Alladin Temple of the Mystic Shrine of Columbus. He also belongs to the Eastern Star and is a charter member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Fraternal Order of Eagles and the Moose. In politics Mr. Birk has been a leader in the democratic party. He served ten years as township treasurer in addition to his four year term as county treasurer. JOSEPH D. WISE. One of the oldest business concerns of Bucyrus is the firm of William Wise & Sons, furniture and undertaking, a business that has had a continued existence and service for nearly sixty years. Its founder was William Wise, Sr., who was born in Clearfield County, Pennsylvania, September 1, 1824. When about ten years of age, in 1833, the family moved to Bucyrus, where they were pioneers. William Wise began his apprenticeship at the cabinet making trade with C. Howenstein at the age of eighteen, and subsequently for some years was associated as a partner of Mr. Howenstein. In 1866 he established his own business as a furniture dealer and undertaker on what is now South Sandusky Avenue, occupying an old frame building on the site of the present modern store. In 1889 the Wise block, a brick structure, was erected there, and recently this building was completely remodeled and improved, so that now 20,000 square feet of floor space is available for the business. William Wise, Sr., was an active member of St. Paul's Lutheran Church, and was its chorister for over thirty years and also one of the, elders. In 1880 he associated his son Preston J. Wise with the business, under the name of William Wise & Son. Preston Wise died September 11, 1890. Other sons came into the business, making the firm William Wise & Sons, and that title is still retained, though the founder of the business died October 16, 1901. The four sons who are now active in the business are William R., George L., Fred A. and Joseph D., all of them licensed embalmers. They have their father 's talent in singing, and once they comprised a quartet well known in this section. The mother of these sons was Eliza J. Deardorff. Of this firm Joseph D. Wise was born at Bucyrus, March 18, 1873, and is the youngest son. After graduating from high school he went into the business and learned it in every detail. On October 2, 1902, Mr. Wise married Olive Geyer, who is a graduate of the Musical Conservatory of Oberlin College. They have two sons : William Joseph, born January 8, 1904, a graduate of high school and now a student at Ohio State University, and James Edward, born December 22, 1911, a student in the public school. The family are members of St. Paul's Lutheran Church. Mr. Wise is affiliated with Bucyrus Lodge of Masons, is a past chancellor of the Knight of Pythias, a member of the Elks and the Rotary Club, and is a republican. He served as superintendent of the Sunday School of the Lutheran Church for twenty years. JAMES FELTIS, a member of the Board of County Commissioners of Crawford County, represents an old family Of this part of Ohio. He was reared in Crawford. County, and for many years was in the lumber business and a contractor. His parents were Solomon and Catherine (Wade) Feltis. His father was born in County Wexford, Ireland, February 20, 1820, and was of Scotch-Irish ancestry. He and his wife were married in Ireland in 1842, and their first two children were born there, Sarah F., in 1844, and Frank, in 1845. In 1847 Solomon Feltis came to the United States, finding a location at Sandusky, Ohio, where he followed his trade of tailor for one year. He then sent back money to enable, his wife and two children to join him in 1848, and on their arrival he moved to Benton in Texas Township, Crawford County. He built a log cabin for the first home, and here the remaining children were born, Nancy Jane, who died in infancy, Margaret, Nancy Jane, James, Mary, John and Emma. HISTORY OF OHIO - 135 Of these children Frank, James and John survive. Solomon Feltis and wife spent the rest of their years at Benton. He died in 1893, and his wife in 1898. They were members of the Church of England, and he served as postmaster of the Village of Benton during the '60s. His wife, born in 1823, was the daughter of an English soldier who held an office in Ireland corresponding to that of sheriff in this country. James Feltis was reared at the old home place in Texas Township, and he now owns that property. He acquired a common school education, and as a young man began handling lumber, and gradually developed a large business as a bridge contractor and kept up that work until he entered upon his duties as a county official. Mr. Feltis served nine years as trustees of Texas Township. He was elected county commissioner in November, 1920, beginning his official term in September, 1921, and in 1922 he was reelected for a full four-years, term. February 23, 1879, he married Miss Elizabeth Ashby, who was born in London, England, and was an infant when her parents came to the United States and settled first in Williams County and later in Crawford County, Ohio, at the Village of Benton. Mrs. Feltis died February 9, 1890. Of her four children two died in infancy, and the two daughters living are Clara, wife of R. L. Evans, of Crawford County, and Rettie, wife of Dennis Buxton. Mr. Feltis is a trustee of the United Brethren Church, is affiliated with Enterprise Lodge No. 579, Free and Accepted Masons, Sycamore Lodge No. 475, Knights of Pythias, and is a member of the United Commercial Travelers. He is a democrat, and is a stockholder in the News Forum, a leading democratic paper of Crawford County. ORA I. ROSS has the distinction of having been the first woman ever elected to a county office in Crawford County. Her business training and other qualifications were so generally recognized that she received a most impressive vote at both the primaries and the general election, and has administered the office with an efficiency and system that has completely justified the confidence manifested in her election. Miss Ross was born at Bucyrus, August 2, 1880, daughter of Philipp and Theresa (Vollrath) Ross. Her mother was born at Bucyrus, March 17, 1857, and is still living. Her father was born in Germany, July 3, 1843, but came to the United States when a boy of ten years, and grew up in Lykens Township of Crawford County. He married at Bucyrus, and learned the trade of carpenter at Sandusky. In 1868 he located at Bucyrus, and for many years was successfully identified with the work of his trade as carpenter and building contractor. He and his brother, George Ross, were partners in the contracting business for a long period of years, and erected many of the substantial residences and other structures in and around Bucyrus. He died January 24, 1905. He was an active member of the German Lutheran Church, was a Knight of Pythias and a democrat. There were three children: Otto, who died in April 1922; Miss Ora I.; and Harry, a machinist. Ora Irene Ross was reared at Bucyrus, graduated from high school in 1900, and then entered upon a business career and was saleslady with the Baumoel Dry Goods Store at Bucyrus for seventeen years. In 1917 she became a clerk in the county treasurer 's office, and became thoroughly skilled in all the details of that office prior to announcing her candidacy for election as county treasurer. In the democratic primaries she won by a majority of two and one-half to one, and at the general election she defeated her republican opponent by a plurality of 5700 votes. Miss Ross takes an active part in church affairs as a member of St. Paul's Lutheran Church, and is a member of the Crocus Junior Club. WILLIAM CAMERON BEER has been a member of the Bucyrus bar since 1903. He was a young man of considerable experience in business lines and as a newspaper man, and had done his duty as a soldier prior to qualifying for the law. His reputation as an attorney is one of the best in that section of the state. Mr. Beer was born at Bucyrus, June 16, 1874, the second son of Capt. William Nevin and Mary Denman (Swingly) Beer. He has had many notable ancestors in his lineage. William Beer, one of his paternal ancestors, left his home in County Derry, Ireland, in 1764, and located in Pennsylvania, and his son Thomas, who accompanied him, served as a soldier in the War of the Revolution. Members of the family have participated in the early Indian wars, the War of 1812, and the Civil war. The paternal grandparents of the Bucyrus attorney were Rev. Thomas and Margaret (Cameron) Beer, the former of Scotch-Irish and the latter of Scotch ancestry. Mary Denman Swingly, mother of William C. Beer, was the daughter of Dr. Frederick and Mary Denman Swingly. The Denmans were pioneers of New England, and records in the Connecticut State Library show they were in the colony as early as 1650. Dr. Frederick Swingly, his maternal grandfather, was a soldier in the Civil war. He was a surgeon with the rank of captain. William Cameron Beer attended the public schools of Bucyrus, and in 1896 graduated from Nelson 's Business College at Springfield, Ohio. Following that he was in the newspaper profession until the outbreak of the Spanish-American war in 1898. He and his brother Frederick enlisted and became members of Company A of the Eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. They saw active duty at Santiago, Cuba, in July, 1898. After leaving the army William C. Beer went to Belle Plain, Iowa, and was in the service of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Company as a stenographer there. On June 30, 1900, he married Miss Jessie Blanche Hutchinson, of Lake City, Iowa. Mr. Beer enrolled as a law student in the University of Michigan in 1901, and was graduated Bachelor of Laws in 1903. He was admitted to the Ohio bar in December of that year, and in the following April became associated in practice with the late Judge Thomas Beer. Judge Beer died in 1910. Mr. Beer then formed a partnership with Judge J. W. Wright, the present Common Pleas judge, and the firm of Beer & Wright continued until January, 1912. Mr. Beer in November, 1905, was elected solicitor of Bucyrus, holding that office two years. Since 1912 he has been referree in bankruptcy for the Northern District of Ohio, Eastern Division. He is a leader of the republican party in his section of the state, and for eight years was chairman of the Republican Executive Committee of Crawford County, and a member of the State Central Committee and the Congressional Committee from 1914 to 1918. He has many interesting social affiliations, being a member of the Columbus Club, the Marion Country Club, the Crawford County, Ohio and American Bar associations, and is affiliated with the Sons of the American Revolution, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, and Camp Thoman No. 33 of the Spanish-American War Veterans. He is affiliated with Bucyrus Lodge No. 156, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church. XENOPHON F. CHARLES. The modern pharmacist is a man of many callings, for he is expected to bear upon his shoulders the responsibilities of many. 136 - HISTORY OF OHIO Not only must he understand his own science thoroughly but must be able to detect and rectify the occasional blunders of the medical fraternity, to give kindly advice to those soliciting same, and at all times to place his store and time at the disposal of the general public. No other line of human endeavor demands greater hours of prolonged service, nor does any other ask more expenditure of nervous and physical strength. Among those who have proven themselves worthy of the confidence reposed in them and able to handle cheerfully and capably the demands made upon them is Xenophon F. Charles, a leading pharmacist at Republic, Seneca County, where he has been known for many years. Mr. Charles was born in Seneca County, Ohio, June 12, 1854, a son of Jasper E. and Susanna (Grossman) Charles. Jasper E. Charles was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, March 8, 1825, and in his native state married Miss Grossman, who had been born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, December 26, 1829. They came to Seneca County, Ohio, April 1, 1854, locating at Republic, where Mr. Charles engaged in his trade as a shoemaker. This he followed until the constant confinement caused his health to break, and from that time forward until his death, in 1907, he was variously occupied at such honorable employment as came his way. He was a democrat in politics and at various times held town offices. Mrs. Charles, who was a member of the Lutheran Church, died in that faith in 1891. They were the parents of six children, of whom three are now living: Xenophon F.; Emma V., the wife of John VanDrew, of LaGrange County, Indiana; and John J., also residing in that county. Xenophon F. Charles was reared at Republic, where he secured his education, and began his career as a school teacher, in LaGrange County, Indiana. The life of an educator, however, did not appeal to him, and October 1, 1874, he formed a connection with the firm of Stickney & Dentler, of Republic, as clerk in their drug store. For more than a quarter of a century he labored faithfully in behalf of the interests of his employers, and when they' were ready to retire from business, in December, 1899, he became proprietor of the store by purchase. He has built up a splendid trade and now conducts an establishment that is modern in every particular, carrying a full line of drugs and sundries, candies, toilet articles, etc. He is known as one of the stable and substantial business men of his community, having earned his right to such a title through many years of honorable dealing. Mr. Charles owns the block in which his business is situated, and is one of the directors of the Republic Banking Company. In politics a democrat, he has served in a number of offices, including treasurer of Scipio Township and member and treasurer of the school board. He served several terms as justice of the peace of Scipio Township and a number of terms at different times as mayor of Republic. At the time of each of his elections the village was considerably in debt, but by careful management he placed the village in good condition financially. He served as postmaster under President Wilson, resigning after serving about five years. Fraternally he is affiliated with Republic Lodge No. 40, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and with the Junior Order of United American Mechanics, of which he is past noble grand district deputy. On December 25, 1877, Mr. Charles was united in marriage with Miss Flora A. Porter, a former student and graduate of Professor Richards and until her marriage a teacher in schools at different points. She is a member and active worker of the Christian Church. To Mr. and Mrs. Charles there have been born three children: Myra G., born July 5, 1879, who attended the Tri-State School at Angola, Indiana, and is now the wife of Charles R. Hassenphug; Mabel T., born November 30, 1883, who attended the same normal school, is unmarried, and a bookkeeper at Grand Rapids, Michigan ; and Thurman P., born November 1, 1888, a graduate of the same normal school, who also attended Columbia College, New York, and is now superintendent of schools at Orland, Indiana. MART L. HELFRICH, M. D. Few physicians and surgeons of Crawford County stand as high in public confidence and esteem as does Dr. Mart L. Helfrich, of Galion, and he has earned his present position through his skill and service. He was born at Galion, April 25, 1889, a son of Peter and Susan (Smith) Helfrich. Peter Helfrich was born in Jefferson Township, Crawford County, in 1848, and his wife was born in Pennsylvania, but was brought to Crawford County, Ohio, when young. Growing up in his native county, Peter Helfrich attended its public schools and learned the trade of a plasterer, but later became an engineer on the Erie Railroad. Both he and his wife early united with the Lutheran Church. He belonged to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and to the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers. His political convictions made him a democrat. Eight children were born to him and his wife, of whom four now survive, namely: Cora, who is the widow of August Gerhart; Charles, who is a resident of Sisterville, West Virginia; Arthur, who is a resident of Lima, Ohio; and Doctor Helfrich. Reared by careful parents, Doctor Helfrich attended the public schools of Galion through the high school course, and then studied pharmacy. He subsequently took the regular medical course, and was graduated from the medical department of Ohio State University in 1916. With the entry of this country into the World war Doctor Helfrich offered the government his services and was commissioned a first lieutenant. Subsequently he was promoted to the rank of captain, and saw service in France. After over two years in the service of his country he was returned to the United States and honorably discharged. Returning to Galion, he established himself in his present practice, and has built up a large and valuable connection. Doctor Helfrich belongs to the Crawford County Medical Society, of which he was president, to the Ohio State Medical Society, and is a fellow of the American Medical Association. In addition to his private practice he is surgeon for the Big Four Railroad, and he is a stockholder in the Citizens Bank of Galion, and in the Galion Iron Works. Doctor Helfrich has taken up post-graduate work in several subjects in which he is particularly interested. Doctor Helfrich married Jessie T. MacLennan of Morrison, Illinois, and they have one child, Mart L., Jr. Doctor and Mrs. Helfrich belong to the English Lutheran Church. He is a thirty-second degree Mason and a Shriner and also belongs to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Kiwanis Club. Politically he is a democrat, but he is not an aspirant for public honors. ISAAC C. GUINTHER. After many years of usefulness as one of the educators of Crawford County Isaac C. Guinther is now finding congenial work as business manager of the Inquirer Printing Company of Galion, and under his management this company is fast becoming one of the leading concerns of its kind in the county. He was born in Whetstone Township, Crawford County, December 25, 1856, a son of Jacob and Catherine (Shallenmiller) Guinther, natives of Wurttemberg, Germany, and Pennsylvania, respectively. When he was fourteen years old Jacob Guinther came to the United States and located in HISTORY OF OHIO - 137 Pennsylvania, where he was bound out to learn the baker's trade to a baker of Philadelphia for a period of seven years. When he completed his apprenticeship he received fifty dollars and joined his relatives in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania. After a short stay with them he went to Bucyrus, Ohio, and was an assistant in the hotel there conducted by William Miller. Later he bought a farm in Marion County, Ohio, to which he moved after his marriage, and there he continued to reside for seven years. He bought another farm adjoining his first one, but across the county line in Crawford, and, moving on it, made it his home the remainder of his life. He was a devout member of the German Reformed Church, and held staunchly to the principles of the democratic party. One of the seven children born to his parents, Isaac, C. Guinther grew up on the farm, and first attended the country schools and later the Northwestern Ohio Normal University at Ada, from which he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Science, and later took his degree of Master of Arts from the same institution. He taught school at Nevada, Galena, Utica and Galion, Ohio, coming to the latter city in 1892 to become principal of its high school. After four years in this office he served as superintendent of schools from 1896 to 1916, when he retired from the educational field, and after a period of rest, in April, 1917, entered upon his managerial duties in connection with the Inquirer Printing Company. This company is incorporated, and its officials are: W. V. Gosham, president; G. W. Ness, vice president; and Isaac, C. Guinther, secretary, treasurer and manager. On May 21, 1885, Mr. Guinther married Mary Rexroth, who was born on a farm in Whetstone Township, Crawford County, Ohio, July 14, 1860, a daughter of John and Anna May (Reinherr) Rexroth, natives of Germany, who came- to the United States after their marriage and located in Crawford County, where he was engaged in farming and blacksmithing. For many years Mr. and Mrs. Rexroth were numbered among the prominent people of the county, and they died at the home of their daughter, Mrs. Guinther, at Galion. Mrs. Guinther has served as president of the Crawford County Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and she is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. and Mrs. Guinther became the parents of the following children: Paul E., who was graduated from the Galion High School, attended college, and was looking forward to a prosperous career in railroad management when he died in September, 1915; Fred E., who was graduated in electrical engineering, was with the General Electric Company of Toledo, Ohio, and later was with the same company in New Jersey and New York, but enlisted at the outbreak of the World war, was commissioned a second lieutenant, and ranked sixteen in a class of 700 in training at Fortress Monroe. He is now engaged in the work Of his profession; Robert I., attended the Galion High School, Wooster University, and Chicago University, taking his degree from the law department of the latter. He is now a member of the law firm of Slabaugh, Seiberling, Young, Huber & Guinther, of Akron, Ohio. He has served as president of the bar association of Summit County, Ohio, and during the World war he served with the rank of a second lieutenant; Lawrence 0., who was graduated from the Galion High School and Wooster University, became a traveling salesman for the Goodyear Rubber Company. He served in the World war as a second lieutenant, and is now wit the Buick Auto Company in Akron, Ohio; Mildred, who was attending Wooster University when the World war opened entered the department for the training of nurse, was graduated in the Walter Reed Army Training School for Nurses at Washington, D. C. She is now serving as a private nurse in Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. Guinther and his children, like Mrs. Guinther, belong to the Presbyterian Church. He is a democrat in his political faith. J. LEWIS HOMER. The profession of law has for centuries attracted to it some of the most brilliant minds of the ages, and from its ranks have been recruited the men who have shaped the destinies of nations. The long and thorough training necessary before the candidate can be admitted to practice brings about a development of all the faculties and prepares the way for future usefulness along varied lines. One of the young men of Galion who is rendering an excellent account of himself both as an attorney and good citizen is J. Lewis Homer, a veteran of the World war. Although he is one of the more recent recruits to his profession, he is displaying a resourcefulness and knowledge which will enable him to outdistance many of his associates in his work at the bar. J. Lewis Homer was born at Galion, October 25, 1895, a son of Charles 0. and Minnie (Lewis) Homer, both natives of Galion, where he was born in 1859. They were educated in the public schools of Galion. The paternal grandfather, James R. Homer, was born at Monson, Maine, in 1833, and was given an academic education and taught the trade of a moulder. Coming to Galion, he became a member of the firm of Squires & Homer, proprietors of a foundry. When war was declared between the two sections of the country he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and First Ohio Volunteer Infantry, as a private, and served until the close of the war, rising during that period to be captain of his company. After the close of the war he returned to Galion and continued in the foundry business until about 1910, when he retired, and he died in 1911. Charles O. Homer was his father 's bookkeeper for many years. He was a Mason, and served as master of the lodge, and high priest of the Chapter, which offices James R. Homer also held, and the latter was also advanced to the thirty-second degree in his fraternity. Charles 0. Homer had two children, a son and daughter, the latter, Lucile, being now a teacher in the grade schools of Galion. She was graduated from the Galion High School, and then studied at OhiO Wesleyan University and Western Reserve University. J. Lewis Homer was graduated from the Galion High School, following which he took a course in law at the University of Cincinnati, but his plans were interrupted, as had been those of his grandfather, by the declaration of war, and in June, 1917, he enlisted, was sent overseas, and saw service in France for ten months in connection with Base Hospital No. 25. Returned to the United States and honorably-discharged, he came back to Galion, and continued his legal studies until December, 1919, and January 1, 1920, was admitted to the bar of his native state. Mr. Homer is vice president of the Peoples Pure Ice Company, and secretary of the Perfection Steel Vault Company. Mr. Homer married Mary Louise Kinney, who is a graduate of the Cincinnati, Ohio, College of Music, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. High in Masonry, Mr. Homer belongs to Galion Lodge No. 414, Free and Accepted Masons, to Galion Chapter, and he has been advanced through the thirty-second degree and the Mystic Shrine in his fraternity. He is also a member of Galion Lodge No. 1191, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. CARPER S. STEVENSON, manager of the Jackson Mill & Lumber Company, has been identified with the lumber industry during his active life. He repre- 138 - HISTORY OF OHIO bents one of the old and prominent families of Southern Ohio. Mr. Stevenson was born at Jackson, February 28, 1871, son of John C. and Martha (Callahan) Stevenson. The Stevensons are of Irish and Scotch ancestry, and are of Revolutionary stock. One branch of the family produced Adlai Stevenson, once vice president Of the United States. The grandfather of Carper S. Stevenson was John Stevenson, a pioneer settler of Jackson County, locating there about 1830. He was a hatter by trade, but followed farming in Jackson County, and for many years held the office of judge of the Probate Court. John Stevenson married Elizabeth Spencer. John C. Stevenson, who died in 1902, became a lawyer, and a man of prominence in his profession and in public affairs at Jackson. He was school teacher, county recorder, prosecuting attorney, and always faithful to every interest committed to his' charge. He also served with the One Hundred Ninety-Eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry during the Civil war, and was always a staunch democrat. His wife, Martha Callahan, who died in 1919, was a daughter of William and Martha (Hannah) Callahan. The Callahans and Hannahs are of Irish but of old American and Revolutionary stock. The Callahans came to Ohio from Virginia. One ancestor, John Hannah, heard the Indian chief Logan make his speech at the famous Logan Elm. In Lord Dunmore's war against the Northwest Indians John Hannah was a soldier in the division of General Lewis and was in the battle of Point Pleasant, where the Indians, led by Chief Cornstalk, were defeated in 1774. Ile then marched on with Lewis, army through the Wilderness to -the Pickaway Plains, and was present at the historical Logan's Elm when Lord Dunmore made his treaty with the Indians. It was here and at this time that Chief Logan is said to have also made his famous speech. John Hannah afterwards served in the War of the Revolution. He was at Valley Forge and was in the battle of Monmouth under General Washington. John C. Stevenson and wife had five children: Mrs. Elizabeth Stevenson Bond has three children, Juanita, Grace and Martha ; Henry, unmarried; Thomas, who married Nellie Morton, and their children are Virginia, Nellie, Elizabeth, Margaret, Rob4t, Alice, Grace and Thomas; Carper S., and Guy, who has a daughter, Ruth, by his first wife, Ora Detta, and by his marriage to 011ie Barrett had two children, Martha and John (deceased). Carper S. Stevenson finished his education in the, public schools of Jackson at the age of seventeen, and then went to work in the coal mines, following that for eight years. Since then he has been identified with the lumber industry and business, taking an interest in the Jackson Mill and Lumber dompany, a corporation of which he is now secretary, treasurer and manager. The company does a general manufacturing and also a retail lumber business, and does considerable contracting. Mr. Stevenson is also interested in the real estate business. During the World war he was on the local committees for handling war 'drives, and was particularly interested in the housing committee. In January, 1911, he married Miss Myrta Greene daughter Of George H. and Margaret (Irwin; Greene. Her father, who died in 1921, was a merchant and farmer, and a man quite active in public affairs in Jackson County. He was a direct descendant of Gen. Nathaniel Greene. He was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Mrs. Stevenson has one brother, T. E. Greene, who married Lottie Ross, their five children being George, Ivan, Herbert, Russell and Margaret. The only child of Mr. and Mrs. Stevenson is John C. Stevenson. FRANK J. SNYDER. For many years Frank J. Snyder was connected with the grocery trade of Galion, but is now retired, feeling that he has earned a partial freedom from business cares by his years of steadfast industry, although he still has valuable interests in the city. He was born in Morrow County, Ohio, June 26, 1861, a son of George and Harriet (Mitchell) Snyder. George Snyder was born at Washington County, Pennsylvania, but was brought in childhood to Mansfield, Ohio, by his parents, and lived there until he was sixteen years old. At that time removal was made to Morrow County, and he made that section his home for many years. His educational training was received at the country schools, and he grew up a farmer.. After his marriage, about 1860, he took charge of his father's farm, and lived on it until September, 1865, when he moved to Galion and established the grocery house with which he, and later his son, was connected for nearly sixty years. During the war of the '60s he served for three months. Frank J. Snyder was reared at Galion, and was graduated from its high school in 1878. He entered his father's grocery business, which he subsequently purchased, and he continued to operate it until January 1, 1893, when he sold it. During his long connection with this reliable store he made many acquaintances, and fully sustained its high reputation for reliability and honorable methods. He is still vice president of the Galion Building & Loan Association, and was one of its organizers, and he owns stock in several local enterprises. In 1879 Mr. Snyder was married to Nina Wine-land, who was a school-teacher prior to her marriage. They became the parents of two daughters: Norma, who is a graduate of the high school at Galion, is the wife of John A. Jenkins; and Maude, who is also a high-school graduate, is the wife of Henry Junghans and lives at Norwood, Ohio. Mrs. Snyder who died July 13, 1923, belonged to the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Snyder is a very liberal subscriber thereto, although he is not on its membership rolls. He belongs to Galion Lodge No. 414, Free and Accepted Masons, Galion Chapter No. 142, Royal Arch Masons, and Camp No. 15, Sons of Veterans. A republican, he has always been very active in party affairs, and is now a member of the county board of election. Quietly performing the everyday duties of life, Mr. Snyder has set an example of honorable living and good citizenship which has had its influence on his times, and which stands to his credit in the minds of his fellow townsmen. HARLAN JONES. Some of the professions are of recent origin and development, having come into being to meet the requirements of new conditions and inventions, but that of the architect dates back into the dim shadows of the beginnings of civilization, the stately piles still standing, as well as the countless ruins being constantly excavated, proving that the skill and genius of the architect were called upon to an extent that parallels any demands of the present day. Ohio has produced during its history some of the great architects of this country, as well as many of less renown, who in faithfully carrying out their ideas have contributed their share in the development of their home communities and the advancement of their art. Two men of this calling who have given to the people of two generations first-class service have been the late Jeremiah Jones and his son Harlan Jones, the latter now of Galion, where he established himself in 1912, although he had been engaged in professional work at other Ohio points prior to that year. Harlan Jones was born at Lucas, Ohio, July 20, 1859, a son of Jeremiah and Elizabeth (Barr) Jones. HISTORY OF OHIO - 139 Jeremiah Jones was born near Mifflin Ohio, March 11, 1830, a son of Barnabas Jones, a native of Wales, who came with his parents to the United States and first located in Pennsylvania, and later in Ashland County, Ohio, where he was reared and married. He learned the trade of a millwright, and later in life owned and operated a grist-mill at Charles Mill, Ohio, and in this capacity was well-known to the older settlers of that region, who brought their grain to him to be ground. When he was about forty years of age he left the milling business, and, going to Peru, Indiana, engaged in farming in the vicinity of Somerset, in Wabash County, and continued in this calling until his death in 1863. His children were as follows: Emanuel, Jeremiah, Joseph, Madison, Oliver, Maria, Mary, Lucinda and Elizabeth, of whom the survivors are Madison and Oliver. Madison Jones is a Union veteran. Jeremiah Jones was born and reared in Ohio, and attended its public schools. In the course of time he became an architect, and was in possession of a large patronage when he was killed in 1890. During his professional career he designed and built a number of important buildings, especially at Lucas and in its vicinity, and was recognized as one of the leading men of Richland County, and where his marriage occurred. He was a member of the Lutheran Church, and belonged to the Masonic fraternity. In politics he was a democrat, but he was not an office seeker. Six children were born to him and his wife, five of whom are now living: Melvina, whO is the wife of L. L. Pany, of Mansfield, Ohio; Harlan, whose name heads this review; Mary L., who is the wife of M. L. Swagart, of Lucas, OhiO; and William M., a builder, who is a resident Of Mansfield, Ohio. Harlan Jones lived at Lucas until he was sixteen years old, and during that period attended its public schools. He studied architecture under private tutors, and opened his office at Mansfield in 1894, since which time he has been actively engaged in this calling. While in Mansfield he also maintained an office at Bucyrus, Ohio. In 1912 he left Mansfield for Galion, and since coming to this city he has taken an active and successful part in the building industry, and is accepted as one of the experienced and skilled architects. His designs are of unusual artistic as well as architectural beauty and practical value. In 1887. Mr. Jones was married to Ida Switzer, of Lucas, Ohio, a native of Richland County, educated in the Lucas public schools. Mr. and Mrs. Jones have no children. Mrs. Jones is a member Of the Methodist Church. Like his father, he is a democrat, in his political faith. JOHN F. BAUER. All over the country there is a class of men who are rendering the government and the people a service which is not being recompensed as it should be. but those holding the office of postmaster are willing to devote a portion of their time to public affairs as a patriotic duty, for they realize the great importance of maintaining an effective and rapid handling of the mails. One of these earnest and capable men who was in the government service is John F. Bauer, former postmaster of Crestline, and one of the leading men of Crawford County, whose interests here are many and valuable. John F. Bauer was born in Vernon Township. Crawford County, Ohio, July 19, 1864, a son of J. J. and Julia Ann Bauer, the former of whom was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, November 18, 1828. When a lad of eight years his parents, in 1836, came to the United States and located five miles northwest of Crestline, where they bought a farm, and that nroperty is still in the Bauer family. Here J. J, Bauer was reared, and here he continued to live until he was twenty, but at that age he went to Sandusky, Ohio. His education was neglected and he was almost entirely self-educated. After his arrival at Sandusky he learned the carpenter trade, and for some years was engaged in following it. Subsequently, however, he went first into a restaurant business, and later conducted a grocery, becoming one of the solid business men of Sandusky. He married Julia Farence, and they had four children, three of whom are living, and she died at the birth of the fourth. Subsequently he married Julia Ann Unckrich, and they had nine children, six of whom are now living: Alice, Theodore William, Frederick, Amelia and John F. In 1862J. J. Bauer came to Vernon Township, and spent two years, and then bought, March 23, 1864, the Bauer homestead of 380 acres, and continued to live on this farm until his death in 1911. His wife died in 1907, and both were most highly esteemed people, who had friends all over the county. John F. Bauer was reared On the Bauer homestead, which he and his two brothers and one sister now own, and he attended the country schools. At the age of seventeen he came to Crestline and learned the carpenter trade, and worked at it until 1903, when he went into the grocery business. This he later sold and returned to his carpenter work, but in 1911 branched out into stone contracting and superintended building construction at Crestline, operating a stone yard in this connection. On March 3,. 1915, he was appointed postmaster Of Crestline, was re-appointed August 5, 1919, and served until November 17, 1923. He is a stockholder of the First National Bank of Crestline, of the Brick and Tile Works, and of the American Clay Company at Bucyrus, Ohio, and he is a director and stockholder of the Crestline Building & Loan Association, and a director of the City Hospital Association. His share of the old homestead amounts to forty acres of very valuable land. On February 18, 1886, Mr. Bauer was married to Mary Louise Schweaur, of Crestline, who was born in Vernon Township, Crawford County, January 11, 1864. Their one child died at the age of eleven months. Mr. and Mrs. Bauer belong to the Calvary Reformed Church of Crestline, of which he was a deacon, is now elder, and he is also very active in the Sunday school. In his political faith Mr. Bauer is a democrat, and for ten years was county committeeman, and was treasurer of the county central committee for eight years, for seven years he was treasurer of Jackson Township, and was twice appointed by Governor Harmon as a member of the board of county institutions, and was appointed to the same office by Judge Sheets. In every office he has held Mr. Bauer has done his full duty, and his work in the postoffice will stand as a monument to his fidelity and efficiency. Few men stand any higher in public confidence at the present in Crawford County than he does, and his success in life is all the more commendable in that it has been earned entirely through his own efforts. It is such men as he who uphold the reputation of the country, and safeguard the institutions founded by those who have gone before. BURTON C. POSTON. In his business career at Chillicothe Buxton C. Poston has exemplified strongly many of the characteristics that have been distinctive of this interesting and numerous family in Southern Ohio. Poston is one of the best known family names in Athens and surrounding counties, and nearly all of them left enviable records in their respective vocations, particularly as merchants and farmers. The grandfather of the Chillicothe merchant was L. D. Poston, who was born in Hampshire County, Virginia, now West Virginia, in 1812, and moved to Athens County, Ohio, in 1830. He was a cattle 140 - HISTORY OF OHIO buyer, and about 1835 established himself in business as a merchant at Nelsonville and after 1852 became extensively interested in the buying and selling and operation of coal lands. He died in 1875. He was three times married, but had no children by his first wife. His second wife was Lucinda Parkinson, and the record of their five children, with descendants, is as follows: William Wesley, who married Maggie Nelson, and had two children, Harry and L. May Poston; L. Dow Poston, Jr., who married Sarah Harold, and had two children, Fred and Lulu Poston; H. Irvin Poston, who married and had one child, Grace, who became the wife of Tom Biddle, and by that marriage had a son, Clinton Biddle; Clinton L. Poston married and had one son, L. Dow Poston, who by his first wife had a daughter Mary, and by his second wife a daughter Florence; Lucinda, the youngest child of L. D. Poston by his second wife married and had one son, Edward Pendleton. The second wife of L. D. Poston was Hannah C. Scott, who was born in England. Her three children were W. S. Poston, father of the Chillicothe business man; Irvin G. Poston, who married Josephine S. Musser, and had four children, named Edwin I., Blanch, Bessie and Emmit ; and Clarence E. Poston, who married Ella Dill, and their four children were Frieda, Florence, Floyd and Irvin. Winfield Scott Poston was born at Nelsonville, October 30, 1852, had a good education, clerked in his father 's store for some time, and in 1878 settled on a farm in. Hocking County. He was a farmer and stock raiser, organized and became president of a bank at Logan, and with other associates built the Hocking County Home Telephone and was interested in all the big enterprises of the county, being in many ways a preminent citizen of Hocking County. He died April 12, 1922. In 1877 he married Flora Wilson, daughter of Joseph Wilson, of old New England stock. She died in 1909. They had two sons : Burton C. and Emmerson. Emmerson married Effie Wolf and had three children, named Alice, Genevieve and Burton Ralph. Burton C. Poston was born at Logan, Ohio, January 13, 1881, and was reared and educated there, graduating from high school in 1899. He spent one year in Ohio State University at Columbus, and continued his higher education in the University of Michigan until 1903. Leaving there before graduating he came to Chillicothe, and on June 10, 1903, married Miss Lucinda Buser, daughter of W. E. and Mattie H. (Chew) Buser. Her parents live in Chillicothe, and her father for many years has been in the furniture business and is especially well known as the manufacturer of the Champion bed. Mrs. Poston was the only child of her parents. After his marriage Mr. Poston entered the service of W. E. Buser in the furniture business, and was traveling salesman for the bed manufacturing establishment until 1913. In that year he engaged in business for himself, manufacturing upholstered furniture. His business is known as the Poston Manufacturing Company, and it is now one of the most prosperous concerns in Chillicothe. Its success had been due to his untiring personal efforts and the broad gauge progressive principles on which he has done business and governed all his other relations with the community. Mr. Poston during the World war, being in the fourth class, was not called to duty as a soldier, but acted energetically and liberally in all local war measures, serving on committees, particularly the fuel committee. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, is affiliated with the Chamber of Commerce, the Rotary Club and is a member of the Country Club and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He and Mrs. Poston have one daughter, Helen Lucile. G. W. DEYARMON. In naming the enterprises which have contributed in various ways to the development of Mansfield and the surrounding community, due credit should not be withheld from the Merchants and Manufacturers Mutual Insurance Company. A community which is well and thoroughly insured not only has confidence in itself, but inspires it in others, with the natural result of attracted business and larger community revenues. The company referred to has been in existence since 1876, and since 1906 its secretary and treasurer has been G. W. DeYarmon. Mr. DeYarmon was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, April 24, 1862, a son of Thomas DeYarmon, an agriculturist, and a grandson of David DeYarmon, who came to the United States from France about the year 1832, and settled in Jefferson County. G. W. DeYarmon grew up on his father 's farm and received a rural school education, and for a number of years was successfully engaged in the mercantile business, which he sold to become associated in 1902, with the Merchants and Manufacturers Mutual Insurance Company, in the capacity of general agent. This company had been founded in 1876, operating in the State of Ohio, and conducting business on the premium note plan. H. C. Hedges, the law partner of John Sherman, was the first president of the company, and M. E. Douglas was secretary. In 1906 Mr. Douglas was succeeded by Mr. DeYarmon as secretary and treasurer. At that time the company had about $2,000,000 in force, with a cash surplus of $10,000. In the same year the plan was changed to the contingent liability method, one annual premium advance, and paying 25 per cent dividends. The company now has $25,000,000 in force, with a cash surplus of $160,000. The losses paid since the organization of the company (including dividends) amount to $1,185,000. The company is now admitted to twelve states, with business in every state. The company has 125 agents in the State of Ohio alone, and numerous representatives in the other commonwealths to which it is admitted. It owns its own handsome building at Mansfield, and is accounted one of the leading adjuncts of the city's busy life. In 1903 Mr. Hedges was succeeded in the presidency by S. N. Ford, who still remains in that capacity. Mr. DeYarmon has various connections of a social, business and civic nature, and is a man of public spirit and constructive views. He married Miss Catherine T. Ingler, of Belmont County, Ohio, and they have three sons and one daughter: Harry, George Lester and Frank C., all residing in Richland County ; and Mary A., the wife of C. Dale Horner, of Mansfield. ELIJAH H. JACKSON has the distinction of being a member of the official executive family of his native county, and is giving most efficient service as county recorder of Pike County, with residence at Waverly, the county seat. He was born in Elliott County, Kentucky, on the 16th day of April, 1890, and is a son of Jason T. and Amanda (Johnson) Jackson, both likewise natives of Kentucky, the father having long been numbered among the successful exponents of farm industry, both in Kentucky and in Pike County, where he and his wife still maintain their home and where he is now engaged in business as a contractor and builder, a line of enterprise with which he has been thus identified somewhat more than three years. He is a democrat in politics, and he and his wife are zealous members of the Baptist Church. Of the four children the subject of this sketch is the eldest. Pike County's recorder gained his early education in the district schools of Kentucky annd was twenty-five years old at the time of the family removal to Ohio. He took also a normal course in HISTORY OF OHIO - 141 the Kentucky State Normal School at Richmond, and for twelve years he gave his attention to suc cessful work as a teacher in the district schools in Kentucky and Ohio. In the meanwhile he maintained during the summer months the active management of the farm which he now owns in Pike County, his general supervision of this farm being still continued. He has secure place in popular confidence and good will in his home county, and this was significantly shown in the autumn of 1922, when he was elected to his present office, that of county recorder. In the period of American participation in the World war Mr. Jackson was still engaged in teaching school, and as under the draft registration he was assigned to the fourth class, he was not called into military service, though he held himself in loyal readiness to go forth in defense of a righteous cause. He and his wife are active members of the Baptist Church, and he is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, the Knights of Pythias and the Grange. At Catlettsburg, Kentucky, in November, 1917, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Jackson and Miss Grace Robinson, daughter of William E. and Lucy (Morris) Robinson, who still reside in Kentucky, where Mr. Robinson holds the office of superintendent of schools, he having been a successful and popular school teacher for the long period of forty-four years. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson became the parents of a fine family of eleven children, namely: James, Burrell, William, Grace, George, America, Eliza, Hattie, Clara, Susie and Green. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson have three children: Jesse Green, Opal and William T. The Jackson family was early founded in North Carolina, from which commonwealth representatives made their way to Kentucky, and became pioneers in the fine old Bluegrass State, from which came the Ohio branch, the greater number of the members of the family being now residents of Kentucky. The paternal grandparents of the subject of this review were Thomas and Sarah Jackson, and his maternal grandparents were Jesse and Nancy Johnson. Mr. Jackson has one brother, Jesse F., who married Georgia Icon, and two sisters, Mary L.. who is teaching school at Greenville, South Carolina, and Minnie E., who resides at the home of her parents at Portsmouth, Ohio. BENJAMIN MOSES SEGAL, one of the active young business men in Chillicothe, Ross County, is a veteran of the World war, having been overseas with the Thirty-seventh Division. He was born at Coal Grove in Lawrence County, Ohio, July 20, 1894, son of Max and Rebecca (Bloom) Segal. His father was born at St. Petersburg, now Petrograd, Russia, while his mother was a native of the Russian City of Riga. They were married in the old country, came to the United States in 1883, and settled at Coal Grove, in the Hanging Rock Iron region of Southern Ohio. From there they removed to Chillicothe, where Max Segal is head of an extensive business, associated with his sons in handling waste metals, paper, rubber, auto parts and other materials. There are eight children in the family: Samuel L., who married Anna Frad and has one daughter, Louise; Rose M., wife of David H. Cohen, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Abraham L., who was a soldier in the Forty-second or Rainbow Division, and shared in the wonderful record of that division overseas; Benjamin Moses; Henry C.; Albert E.; Minnie, and Fannie L. Benjamin Moses Segal received his public school education at Chillicothe. After leaving the common schools he completed the full commercial course in the Chillicothe Business College, leaving school in 1912. For three years following that he was with the traffic department of the Baltimore & Ohio Railway at Chillicothe, and was then with the traffic department of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. On May 2, 1917, he enlisted, going to Camp Sheridan in Alabama, where he was detailed for duty with the One Hundred Thirty-fifth Field Artillery in the Thirty-seventh Division. He remained in training there until sent overseas, landing at LaHavre in July, 1917, and was in a training camp near Bordeaux, France, until September, 1918. His command was then put in the Meuse-Argonne sector, later in the Verdun sector, and participated in an offensive there in the closing weeks of the great war. His command was still in the vicinity of Verdun when the armistice was signed, and after that his division was in various places in France, and kept up training. Finally it was located at LaMans until March, 1919, when the command sailed for home, landing at Newport News, and in April, 1919, was sent to Camp Sherman, Ohio. Mr. Segal received his honorable discharge April 14, 1919. Since the war he has been interested in his father 's business, and is now its responsible manager. He is unmarried, is a member of the Jewish Temple at Columbus, the American Legion Post, the Veterans of Foreign Wars, the Chillicothe Chamber of Commerce and the Kiwanis Club. LIEUT.-COL. THEODORE S. PATTISON, who served with the engineers in France and in charge of the construction of many miles of railway over which the allied troops and equipments were transported to the battle front, was engaged in the work of his profession as a railroad and construction engineer both before and after the war, and eventually his duties brought him to Chillicothe, where he is now in the real estate and contracting business. Lieut.-Col. Pattison was born at Trappe, Maryland, July 18, 1888, son of Theodore S. and Amelia (Hardcastle) Pattison. The Pattison family came from Dorsetshire, England, early in the seventeenth century and settled on Taylor Island, Maryland. Lieutenant-Colonel Pattison's grandparents were Augustus and Aurelia (Geohegan) Pattison, Augustus Pattison being a shipbuilder and owner of a ship yard in Maryland. The maternal grandparents were Aaron and Alice Whitfield (Hatch) Hardcastle, the former serving as a colonel in the Confederate army under the command of Gen. Sidney Johnston. The Hardcastles- were also of English ancestry, and early settlers in Caroline County, Maryland. The father of Lieutenant-Colonel Pattison was educated for the ministry, but owing to ill health gave up the idea of a professional career. During the Civil war he was for one year chaplain of his regiment in the Confederate army. After the war he taught school, but for the most part devoted his time to the management of his various property interests. He died in Maryland in 1908 and his widow passed away in the City of Philadelphia in 1921. Their first daughter, Alice, married Edward Trippe, lives at Easton, Maryland, and has four children, named Edward, Augustus, Amelia and Mary. The second daughter, Ruth Story, became the wife of Otis J. Story, of Chillicothe, Ohio, and has two children, Clark Winslow and Amy Hardcastle. Theodore S. Pattison was reared and educated in Maryland, attending high school at Cambridge, and spent one year in Charlotte Hall in St. Marys County, another year in Washington College at Chestertown, and after leaving school he had varied experiences, being for three years a newspaper reporter. Having determined to take up engineering, he prepared for his profession in the Virginia Military Institute at Lexington, Virginia, one of the oldest and best equipped military schools in the country. He graduated with the degree Civil Engineer in 1910, and 142 -HISTORY OF OHIO also had military training there. As a civil engineer he did his first work with the Baltimore & Ohio Railway in the engineering and maintenance of way department, starting as rod man and transit man. He had several promotions, and remained with the Baltimore & Ohio until that company cut down its working force, when he transferred his services to the Birmingham Steel Corporation in the Red Mountain district, where he was engineer on railroad location and construction work for eighteen months. He then returned to the Baltimore & Ohio, and was in the service of that railroad until 1921, except for the period of the World war, when he was given a leave of absence. Lieutenant-Colonel Pattison for some time before America entered the war had been identified with the Army Reserve Corps. Being an engineer of experience, he was selected by Col. Edgar Jadwin of the Engineer Corps of the United States Army for duty with the first contingent of American construction engineers to go overseas. He was commissioned captain, and sailed for France July 20, 1917, landing at LaHavre on July 26. He was sent to the mobilization camp at Vierzon, near Tours, and from there went to Jonchery, doing railroad construction, dock, barracks, hospital and warehouse building, and handling many of the engineering details of the tremendous work required in preparation for the reception of the coming American Expeditionary Forces. His commanders were Generals Bundy and Buck of the American army. He was with the Sixteenth, Eighteenth, Twenty-sixth and Twenty-eighth regular army regiments, and also some of the marines engaged in this large scale construction work on the French coast to provide material facilities for 250,000 men. By November, 1917, the work was completed so that American forces, numbering 285,000, were being handled through that army base. Subsequently Lieutenant-Colonel Pattison's work as an engineer took him all over France, wherever there were railroads, hospitals, headquarters camps, supply stations to be built or maintained. When the American Expeditionary Forces went into battle line he was with the engineers constructing railroads up to the front for the transport of competent troops, guns and supplies. He was with an engineering and construction corps that built on the average about three miles of railroad daily, and as there were several corps engaged in this work, a total of several hundred miles of railroad were constructed in which he had some part. Occasionally in making excavations for railroad building there would be discovered the foundation of some of the old highways built by the Romans nearly 2,000 years ago. Lieutenant-Colonel Pattison was on duty among other points at Verdun, St. Mihiel, Jonchery, Chaumont, Vierzon, Bordeaux, LaBassens, Alsace-Lorraine and Dijon. On July 26, 1918, he was commissioned major in the regular army, in command of the Three Hundred Fifteenth Regiment of regulars. In October, 1918, he was ordered home to the United States. In the former months of the war he had charge of construction in completing the building of Camp Humphrey, Virginia, and also the operation of the railroad from Accotink in Fairfax County, Virginia, to Camp Humphrey. This duty held him there until March, 1919, when he was relieved and then resumed his connection with the Baltimore & Ohio Railway as assistant division engineer. He was advanced to division engineer of maintenance of way, but in the fall of 1921 resigned and took an individual contract with the Baltimore & Ohio Railway to handle 50,000 tons of coal at Chillicothe. As a matter of fact this contract involved. the handling of a total of 100,000 tons. The wife of Lieutenant-Colonel Pattison is a Chillicothe girl, and after completing the coal contract he decided to remain in this city. He organized the Scioto Realty & Development Company, a company that has developed a large acreage adjoining the city and under Lieutenant-Colonel Pattison 's engineering supervision all the esssential improvements, such as sewers, street paving, sidewalks, have been made in advance of home building. For several years he has devoted much of his time to this subdivision, but he is also in the contracting business. In April, 1914, at Chillicothe, Lieutenant-Colonel Pattison married Mary Story, daughter of Clark W. and Mary Ann (Campbell) Story. Her father was a native of Vermont and of old New England ancestry, has lived in Chillicothe since boyhood, for many years was a merchant, and for thirty-five years has been either vice president or president of the Ross County National Bank. Lieutenant-Colonel and Mrs. Pattison have two children, Theodore S., Jr., and Mary Campbell. They are members of the Episcopal Church. He belongs to the college fraternity Sigma Alpha Epsilon, the Rotary Club, the Country Club, the Chamber of Commerce, and is vice commander of Post No. 62 of the American Legion. He holds a commission of lieutenant-colonel in the Officers, Reserve Corps and is a member of the Reserve Officers, Association. GEORGE B. NYE, M. D., who is engaged in the practice of his profession at Waverly, judicial center of Pike County, is not only one of the able and representative physicians and surgeons of this county, but is also known as one of its most liberal, loyal and progressive citizens—one whose influence has been specially marked in connection with the advancing of the civic and material interests of the community. He has represented this county in the State Legislature, and has held other positions of distinctive public trust. Doctor Nye was born on a farm in Jackson County, Ohio, March 25, 1876, and the old homestead on which he thus made his advent in the Centennial year of our national independence, is a place situated ten miles south of Jackson, the county seat. He is a scion of a family that was early founded in Ohio, and the name of which has been identified with American annals since the Colonial era. Members of the Nye family removed from Rhode Island to Pennsylvania, and it was from the old Keystone State that the first representatives came to Ohio in 1830. Doctor Nye is of the fifth generation in line of descent from Rev. Andrew L. Nye, of Rhode Island, and of the latter 's son, Michael, who likewise became a clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Benjamin Nye, the family name of whose wife was Castor, was the grandfather of the doctor and was a resident of Jackson County, Ohio, at the time of his death. The maternal grandparents of Doctor Nye were Frederick and Eliza (Owen) Cool, the grandmother being a native of Ireland. The parents of Frederick Cool were natives of Ireland, and upon coming to America first settled at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and there was solemnized his marriage to Miss Eliza Owen, who was sixteen years of age when she came from Belfast, Ireland, to this country. Doctor Nye is a son of Michael L. and Ellen (Cool) Nye, the former of whom died in the year 1896 and the latter still maintains her home in Jackson County. As, a young man Michael L. Nye was a successful teacher in the Ohio schools, but his primary vocation throughout his active life was that of farm enterprise, in connection with which he gained substantial 'success. Ile was a zealous HISTORY OF OHIO - 143 member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, as is also his widow. Of the four children the eldest is Emma, who is the wife of Rev. W. W. Smith, pastor of a Presbyterian Church in the City of Chicago, their children being Hector, Wilbur and Herbert. Clara is the wife of Dr. E. 0. Brown, of Lorain, Ohio. Naomi is the wife of C. W. Dolph, of Hot Sulphur Springs, Colorado. Doctor Nye is the only son in the family. After profiting by the advantages of the district schools of his native county Doctor Nye advanced his academic education by a course in the National Normal University at Lebanon, Ohio. In preparation for the work of his chosen profession he entered the great Rush Medical College in the City of Chicago, and in this institution he was graduated as a member of the class of 1897. After thus receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine he forthwith established his home and professional headquarters at Waverly, where he has continued in successful general practice during the intervening years. The doctor insistently keeps in touch with advances made in medical and surgical science, through recourse to the best standard and periodical literature of his profession, through membership in medical societies, and also through the medium of an effective postgraduate course in the medical department of the University of Ohio, where he specialized in health extension work. He is serving at the time of this writing, in the autumn of 1923, as health commissioner of Pike County, and is making this office justify its existence. The versatility and progressiveness of Doctor Nye have found varied avenues of constructive expression during the years of his residence in Pike County. In 1911 he founded the newspaper known as the Waverly Watchman, and he still retains control of this paper, which is a local power advancing the cause of the democratic party, as well as an effective exponent of community interests. Later the doctor purchased the Waverly Democrat and the Piketon Republican, which he consolidated with the Watchman. He is a stalwart in the ranks of the democratic party, and on its ticket was elected to represent Pike County in the State Legislature in 1905, successive reelections continuing him in this office three terms, during which he did much to further wise and progressive legislation and to advance the general interests of his constituent district. He has served also as a member of the board of public works of his home city. He is a member of the Pike County Medical Society, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. He was reared in the faith of the Presbyterian Church and his wife holds membership in the Methodist Episcopal Church. November 5, 1895, recorded the marriage of Doctor Nye and Miss Crease Evans, of Jackson County, she being a daughter of Thomas J. and California (Johnson) Evans, the latter of whom died in the year 1910. Mr. Evans still resides at Jackson, where he was for a number of years the agent for the American Express Company. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, as was also his wife. Concerning the children of Mr. and Mrs. Evans, the following brief data are available: Maude is the wife of Daniel B. Jones, of Jackson; Cresse, the wife of Doctor was the next in order of birth; Clifton married Miss Hazel Rogers, and they have one child, Thomas; Jesse still remains a bachelor ; Katherine is the wife of Andrew S. Etzkorn, and they have had three children, Dorothy, Thomas and Ralph, the last named being deceased; Florence is the wife of William Peter, of Jackson, and their children are Robert and Thomas ; Alfred married Miss Lee Wilbur, of Jackson, Michigan, and they have one child, Alfred C.; Ralph, who is deceased, married Miss Iva Glenn, who survives him, as does also their one child, Virginia; Mary died in childhood. Doctor and Mrs. Nye became the parents of two children, Irene and George Dewey, and the daughter died in 1909, aged fourteen years. George Dewey Nye was graduated from the Waverly High School as a member of the class of 1916, and in 1922 he was graduated from the law department of the University of Ohio, his recep- tion of the degree of Bachelor of Laws having been virtually coincident with his admission to the Ohio bar. He forthwith opened a law office at Waverly, and in the autumn of the same year he was elected prosecuting attorney of Pike County, an office in which he is making an admirable record. He was a student in Western Reserve University, Cleveland, during the school years of 1919-20, and thereafter entered the law department of the State University. In the World war period he was in the Students, Navy Training Corps at Athens, Ohio. He is affiliated with the Elks, Knights of Pythias, and the Alpha Tau Omega and Phi Delta Phi cOllege fraternities. September 8, 1919, marked the marriage of George D. Nye and Miss Margaret Gordon, daughter of Dr. Thomas G. and Fannie (Brainard) Gordon, the former of whom died in 1913 and the latter in 1915, Mrs. Nye being their Only child. Mr. and Mrs. George D. Nye have a winsome little daughter, Marie Louise, born July 4, 1920, and possessed of all the independence which her natal day would indicate. ROBERT BRUCE GILLARS, D. D. S., has built up in the city of Piqua, Miami County, a large and representative business in the work of his profession, and this business is based upon service of the highest grade in both the operative and laboratory departments of dental practice and upOn the rendering of this important service at fair and equitable prices. The Doctor is one of those who have come to a realization of the ethical consistency of dental advertising, as by this means he has attracted the attention of many who are led to avail themselves of the advantages offered and thus to receive the effective dental service that implies much in physical well being. The finely equipped dental offices of Doctor Gillars comprise seven rooms and the establishment is known as the Philadelphia Dental Rooms. Doctor Gillars maintains insistently the policy of rendering to every patron the best of service and living up to the every detail of the professional contract thus involved. It is through such service that he has developed at Piqua a dental business of wide scope and important order, with satisfied patrons as the best medium of advertising. Dr. Gillars, whose personal names indicate his Scotch lineage, was born in the City of Pottsville, Pennsylvania, on the 15th of July, 1877, and there his father, John Gillars, still resides, the devoted mother, Isabella, being deceased. In the public schools of his native city Doctor Gillars continued his studies until his graduation in the high school, as a member of the class of 1895. Thereafter he took a course in the Medical-Chirurgical College in the City of Philadelphia, and after leaving this institution, in 1901, he entered the Philadelphia School of Dentistry, in which he continued his studies two years and from which he gained his degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. Prior to this, in 1900, he had attended the Philadelphia School of Anatomy, and thus it becomes evident that he specially well fortified himself for the work of his profession, in which his success has been of unqualified order. His experience in the work of his profession has been broad and varied, and in his offices at Piqua he has the 144 - HISTORY OF OHIO cooperation of four well qualified assistants. Doctor Gillars is loyal and progressive in his civic attitude, is aligned in the ranks of the democratic party, and he and his wife are communicants of the Protestant Episcopal Church. In 1897 was solemnized the marriage of Doctor Gillars to Miss May Hewittson of Fredericktown, Providence of New Brunswick, Canada, and the two children of this union are Mildred Elizabeth, who is a graduate of the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, and Edna May, who is, in 1924, a student in the Harcourt Place School at Gambier, Ohio. ALEXANDER RENICK, who died in March, 1923, was for nearly half a century an impressive figure and useful character in the City of Chillicothe and Ross County. His career measured up to the fine distinctions of an unusual pioneer family. The Renicks were from Scotland originally, though for one or more generations they lived in the North of Ireland before coming to America. George Renick came to this country about 1720, locating in Pennsylvania, where his descendants went down into the Valley of Virginia. George Renick, the grandfather of Alexander Renick, was born in what is now one of the extreme eastern counties of West Virginia, July 7, 1776, and as a young man visited the Northwest Territory and in 1802, after his marriage, brought his bride to Ohio, traveling by horseback to Chillicothe. He became a merchant, and also acquired land west of the city, building a stone house, which he occupied in 1807. He was one of the first to introduce Shorthorn cattle, and built up one of the notable herds of his day. He died in September, 1863. His wife, Dorothy Harness, was born in his native county and died in 1820. Their son, Alexander Renick, Sr., was born at the family homestead west of Chillicothe, February 11, 1815, and as a young man occupied a nearby farm given him by his father. He lived on the farm until 1864, when he removed to Chillicothe. He was made a director in the First National Bank when it was organized in November, 1863, and was active in its management until his death in September, 1875. His wife, Jane Osborn, born at Columbus, Ohio, in 1817, was a daughter of Ralph and Catherine (Renick) Osborn, her mother coming of another branch of the Virginia Renick family. Ralph Osborn was a descendant of New England pioneers of the Mayflower time. The late Alexander Renick, a son of Alexander and Jane (Osborn) Renick, was born at Chillicothe, and was liberally educated, attending the Chillicothe schools and later attending a military school at West Chester, Pennsylvania, and in 1868 graduated from the scientific department of Yale University. Returning to Ross County, he operated his father 's farm until 1875, when he succeeded his father as a director of the First National Bank, and in 1887 was made vice president of that institution and in 1892 became its president. In addition to his position as head of one of the first national banks established in Ohio, he was one of the organizers, director and president of the Mutual Loan & Savings Association from its inception in 1888, and also helped organize and was a director and vice president of the Valley Savings Bank & Trust Company, established in 1907. He retained the ownership of his father 's farm, and to the end of his life was interested in agriculture and stock raising. He was a republican, but his only public office was that of trustee for the Ohio Hospital for Epileptics at Gallipolis. On December 29, 1874, he married Elizabeth Waddle, who still lives at Chillicothe and is the mother of Alexander M. Renick, the present postmaster of that city. Dr. William Waddle, father of Mrs. Elizabeth Renick, was born at Chillicothe, September. 19, 1811, and died in that city August 23, 1895, aged eighty-four. By his life he well deserved the tribute once paid him by a fellow citizen: "Eminent in his profession, second to few, if any, in the state, a gentleman of large mind and superior mental abilities, a native of the ancient metropolis (Chillicothe) and foremost in every good work, his philanthropy knows no bounds." His grandparents, Alexander and Elizabeth (McCorinick) Waddle, were natives of Ireland, of Scotch ancestry, and came to America in 1784. Their son, John Waddle, born in Belfast in 1783, came to Chillicothe in 1803, and soon afterward engaged in business there as a merchant and during the War of 1812 helped supply the government with provisions. He married Nancy Mann, a native of Kentucky, and the late Dr. William Waddle was one of ,their eight children. Doctor Waddle was educated in the Chillicothe Academy, in Ohio University at Athens, and in 1836 graduated from the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. He engaged in practice at Chillicothe in 1838, and continued the work of his profession practically to the end of his life. He served ten years, beginning in 1868, as a trustee of the Athens Insane Asylum, and in 1880 was appointed a trustee of the Central Insane Asylum of Columbus. As a citizen he proved his devotion to good schools, a founding of a public library, and helped create the Chillicothe City Park, serving as one of the original park board of the city. He married in 1845 Jane S. McCoy, a native of Chillicothe, and also of Scotch-Irish ancestry. Doctor Waddle and wife had nine children, Mrs. Elizabeth Renick being the oldest daughter. ALEXANDER M. RENICK, postmaster of the City of Chillicothe, is a native son of this city and a scion of one of the old and honored families of Ross County. Of his ancestral history, in both the paternal and maternal lines, adequate record is given in the preceding sketch, in the memoir dedicated to his father, the late Alexander Renick, whose death occurred in March, 1923. Mr. Renick was born at Chillicothe, judicial center of Ross County, on the 9th of January, 1882, and is the younger of the two children of Alexander and Elizabeth (Waddle) Renick, the other son, William Waddle Renick, having died at the age of four years. After having profited by the advantages of the public schools of Chillicothe, Alexander M. Renick attended St. Paul School, a preparatory institution, at Garden City, New York. In 1905 he was matriculated in historic old Yale University, in which he took an academic course but did not remain for graduation. Upon his return to his native city he became bookkeeper in the First National Bank of Chillicothe, of which his father was then president, and for seven years he had charge of the individual-deposit ledger and accounts in this institution. He then resigned his position and moved to his father 's fine farm in Ross County, not far distant from Chillicothe. He continued as the vigorous and progressive manager of this farm estate until 1922, in which year he was appointed to his present office, that of postmaster of Chillicothe. His political allegiance is given unreservedly to the republican party, he and his wife are communicants of St. Paul's Church, Protestant Episcopal, he is a loyal and valued member of the Chillicothe Chamber of Commerce, and he holds membership in the Chillicothe Country Club, besides being affiliated with the local lodge .of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. It need not be stated that Mr. Renick takes keen interest in all things touching the welfare HISTORY OF OHIO - 145 and advancement of his native city and county, he being well known for his civic loyalty and liberality. On the 27th of November, 1906, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Renick and Miss Edith Smith, a daughter of Charles and Ellen (Eckert) Smith, the other two daughters being Grace A. and Ruth M., and the one son, Ralph A., who married Miss Maude Terhune, being now a resnt of Newfoundland, New Jersey. Charles Smith was for many years one of the interested principals in the Carbondale Coal Company, and in the Civil war period he served as a member of the Home Guard, he having been in the quartermaster 's department, in the command of Captain Mott, at the time of the historic Morgan raids in Ohio, and his home at the time having been at Lancaster. The closing of the year 1923 finds the two children of Mr. and Mrs. Renick enrolled as students in the public schools of Chillicothe, Charles Alexander, sixteen years of age, being in the high school, and Ralph Osborn, eleven years of age, being in the graded school. STEPHEN D. MCLAUGHLIN. Admitted to the bar more than thirty-five years ago, Stephen D. McLaughlin is one of the senior members of the Pike County bar, and has rendered a long and notable service in his profession and in public affairs in that section of the state. He was born in Jackson County, Ohio, December 22, 1858, son of Aaron and Hiley Ann (Corn) McLaughlin. Both his father and mother were left orphans when children, and his mother was reared in Ohio by a family named Grabill. Aaron McLaughlin was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, of a family that first located in New England, and some of them remained there, while others went into Virginia and North Carolina. Aaron McLaughlin was born August 15, 1818, in Greenbrier County, Virginia, and was left an orphan when five years old. The public authorities had to find homes for the several children, and Aaron was taken into the family of a German named Jacob Molar. Jacob Molar finally moved out of North Carolina to Ohio, bringing with him his family, his live stock, his grain and even seeds for apple trees, so that he was completely equipped for establishing a new farm. He located in Jackson County, where he acquired a large acreage and developed a very fine estate. Aaron McLaughlin was reared with the Molars, was always treated as one of the family, and while Mr. Molar was a strict, hard-working man he was exceedingly honest. On reaching his majority Aaron McLaughlin left home and took a contract for getting out cord wood for the Charcoal Furnace. After being away a short time Mr. Molar hunted him up and requested that he return, since he found it impossible to get along without the young man's assistance. He offered Aaron McLaughlin $100 a year and his clothes and washing, bed and board, terms which were accepted. Aaron McLaughlin then returned and took charge of the farm for Mr. Molar, bought some land adjoining, and also some from Mr. Molar himself, and remained with the later until after his marriage and after he had built a home of his own. Finally the Molars, husband and wife, came to live with him and he took care of them until their death. In the course of time he acquired the Molar homestead and became a man of great good fortune. Mr. Molar was a wagon maker, and had the distinction of building the first wagon in Jackson' County. Aaron McLaughlin was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He and his wife had ten children, and from the name he bestowed upon some of his sons he was evidently a staunch democrat. These children were: William A., James K., Andrew Jackson, Minerva, Selelda, Franklin Pierce, Aaron E., Stephen D., Charles and Oscar. Aaron McLaughlin was very active in public affairs, and was once a candidate for state representative. Stephen D. McLaughlin grew up at the old homestead, attended the district schools, and as a youth secured a certificate and for seven years taught in rural districts. He began the study of law under John T. Moore, and after examination was admitted to the bar in 1886. For a number of years he has held qualifications for practice in the Federal District courts' and the United States Supreme Court. He began practice in Pike County, and in the fall of 1887 was elected prosecuting attorney and by reelection served two terms. In 1893 he was elected mayor of Waverly and served two terms of two years each. He also became candidate for Congress, and was a member of the Ohio College of Electors who cast the vote of the state for President Wilson. Mr. McLaughlin prosecuted one very notable criminal case, against a man who deliberately shot his companion to secure $300 or $400 possessed by him, made his escape, was captured after a long hunt, brought back and Mr. McLaughlin secured his conviction and sentence to be hanged. The criminal secured a reprieve, and finally a change of his sentence to life and finally a complete pardon, all this occurring within five years from the date of murder. On the 21st of August, 1924, Stephen D. McLaughlin was appointed by Governor Donahey Judge of the Common Pleas Court for Pike County to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Judge L. G. Dill, and he is now serving in that capacity. Mr. McLaughlin in April, 1888, in Jackson County, married Miss Julia A. Alexander, daughter of Caleb and Mary (Callahan) Alexander. Her father lived to the age of ninety-six and her mother to ninety-three. There were eight children in the Alexander family.: John C., William, Monroe, Sarah, Elizabeth, Jennie, Mrs. McLaughlin and Orpha. Mr. and Mrs. McLaughlin have three sons: Arthur, in the insurance business at Waverly; Harold D., a practicing attorney at Portsmouth; and James E., who is still in school; and also two daughters, the eldest, Edna, the wife of Levi Maxwell, who resides at Epworth, Iowa, and Mabel, who married Robert Wynn, of Piketon, who is the present representative from Pike County in the Legislature. Two grandchildren bless the homes of each of these daughters. Mr. McLaughlin is president of the official board of the Waverly Methodist Episcopal Church. He belongs to the Masonic Lodge, the Knights of Pythias and Modern Woodmen of America, and the Pike County Bar Association. SAMUEL E. STEPHENSON. Stephenson is the name of one of the most numerous and most prominent families in Jackson County. The family came from North Carolina and settled in Southern Ohio in the early days of the Scioto Salt Wroks. One Of the daughters of the family was Elizabeth Stephenson, who in 1850 was married to Moses Sternberger. For seventy years the name Sternberger had illustrious associations with the business and civic history of Jackson County. At the time of the World war, however, several prominent members of the family living in Jackson, by court order had the family name changed to Stephenson. Hence Mr. Samuel E. Stephenson, president of the Wellston Iron Furnace Company and a well-known banker at Jackson, was until a few years ago Mr. Samuel E. Sternberger. Moses Sternberger, the pioneer, was a son of Samuel and Caroline Sternberger, of Bavaria, Germany, where he was born August 29, 1826. When only thirteen he immigrated, clerked for two years in Philadelphia, and in 1845 located at Jackson. He started in business as a peddler of notions, but in 146 - HISTORY OF OHIO the winter following opened a small store in Jackson, and in less than ten years had become one of the well-to-do and perhaps the most widely known of the town merchants. He became owner of much valuable property, was president of the First National Bank, and he and his wife were largely responsible for the upbuilding of the Presbyterian Church at Jackson. His wife died in 1873, but Moses Stern- berger lived to a ripe old age. His son, Morris Lee Sternberger, was undoubtedly one of the ablest citizens and business men of Southern Ohio, a leader in the development of the natural resources, a banker, financier, railroad president. He was born in Jackson County, February 9, 1856, and in 1882 began his active interests in the development of the coal and iron industry of the county. He became head of the SuperiOr Coal Company, operating mines in Jackson County until he sold out about 1908. For a number of years he devoted his time to the iron and steel business and to railroads. He was president and manager of the Commercial Bank of Jackson, and was vice president of one of the leading banks of Cincinnati that subsequently became merged with the Fifth-Third Bank of that city. Much of his capital was invested in real estate and in companies owning some of the large buildings and hotels in Cincinnati. He was owner and president of the Dayton, Lebanon & Cincinnati Railroad Company, and was also president of the Wellston Steel & Iron Company. Morris Lee Sternberger died at his home in Jackson, June 2, 1912. He married, April 24, 1883, Miss Mary Dungan, who was born in Jackson County, June 11, 1863, daughter of David and Mary Ann (Hale) Dungan, the Hales being a pioneer family of Jackson County. Mrs. Mary (Dungan) Sternberger is now living, and she likewise changed her name to Stephenson. She was the mother of three children, the sons being Samuel E., and Maurice L., is unmarried. The daughter, Elizabeth Mary, married Arnold Dickinson, of Fitchburg, Massachusetts, and has four children, named Elizabeth, Arnold, Jr., Ann and Morris. Samuel E. Stephenson was born at Jackson, December 2, 1885, and after attending the public schools at Jackson was sent East and given the advantages of some of the most famous educational institutions in New England. He did his preparatory work in the Phillips Andover Academy, and in 1908 graduated from the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University with the Bachelor of Science degree. Returning to Jackson, he became associated with his father 's business as general manager of coal operations, and subsequently became general manager of the Dayton, Lebanon & Cincinnati Railway, until it was sold in 1914 to the Pennsylvania System. At the death of his father he succeeded to the presidency of the various coal, iron and banking properties, and is president of the Home Telephone Company at Jackson, as well as of the Commercial Bank of Jackson. On account of his active and responsible connections with the iron and steel business, the government authorities resisted all his efforts to get into active service during the, late war, though he tried in every possible way, even making a personal appeal to Secretary of War Baker. Mr. Stephenson is a member of the Presbyterian Church and the Elks order. On October 19, 1912, he married, at Pawtucket, Rhode Island, Miss Rosalind Longley, daughter of Charles and Henrietta (Swenney) Longley. Her mother is still living. Her father, who died in 1897, was one of the leading merchants of New England, being head of a company owning and operating a chain of department stores through all the larger cities of the Northeastern States. He was a Knight Templar Mason. Mrs. Stephenson is the third of five children. Her brother Charles E., Jr., married Grace Mortimer, of New York, and her brother Vawter married Minerva Hardigan, of New York. The four children of Mr. and Mrs. Stephenson are: Rosalind, born in 1917; Samuel E., Jr., born in 1918; Elizabeth, born in 1919, and Charlotte, born in 1921. ISAAC PRESTON SEILER, M. D. His natural gifts, his thorough education and long experience have made Doctor Seiler a physician and surgeon of the first rank in Pike County. He has practiced there for many years, and also has an enviable reputation as a good citizen of his home community of Piketon. He was born at Hamilton, Pennsylvania, November 27, 1877, son of Daniel and Henrietta (Crossman) Seiler. His mother is still living, a daughter of Asa and Mary (Stuchell) Crossman, who came from Pennsylvania. The Crossmans are Scotch-Irish. The paternal grandparents were Mary and Peter Seiler, also Pennsylvanians. Daniel Seiler, who died in 1912, was a merchant at Sprankle Mills, Pennsylvania, and until his death he held for years the position of state food commission inspector. He was a Mason and a member of the German Reformed Church. Daniel Seiler and wife's children were: Isaac Preston; Ida, who married Ernest Moyer; Carl, who married Nora Eisenhart, and has a daughter, Mary, and a son, Ivan ; Marion, a dentist of Hamilton, Ohio ; Ira, a dentist at Lorain, Ohio, who married Jessie Shepard, and has two daughters, Maurine and Miriam. Isaac Preston Seiler acquired his early education in the public schools at Jefferson County, Pennsylvania. He graduated with the Bachelor 's degree from the Central State University of Pennsylvania, and took his medical course in the Ohio State University, where he was graduated Doctor of Medicine. Doctor Seiler for a time practiced in Trumbull County, Ohio, then in Arizona Territory, and since then has given close attention to his growing practice in Piketon, In 1904 he took post-graduate work in the Chicago College of Physicians and Surgeons. During the World war he volunteered and spent eleven months in the Medical Officers, Training Corps at Camp Greenleaf, and received a first lieutenant's commission. At the signing of the armistice he was released and returned home to resume his private practice at Piketon. He is a member of the Pike County, OhiO State and American Medical associations. Doctor Seiler is a Scottish Rite Mason and a member of Aladdin Temple of the Mystic Shrine in Columbus, and is also affiliated with the Elks and Knights of Pythias. On October 7, 1903, at Piketon, he married Miss Ethel Louise Dewey, a daughter of Charles and Louise (Wilson) Dewey, who reside at Jasper in Pike County. Her father is a lumberman and merchant at Jasper, and very active in local affairs, though he has steadfastly refused all official honors. He is a Knight of Pythias and a member of the Methodist Church. Mrs. Seiler has one brother, Floyd, who married May Beauchamp, and has a son, Charles, and a daughter, Janet. Doctor and Mrs. Seiler have one son, Jack Dewey. FRANK E. BALLARD is a refrigeration engineer by profession, and has had an extensive experience in that line, installing refrigeration machinery, and is now manager of the Chillicothe Ice Company. He was a soldier in the World war, in overseas duty. He was born at Evansville, Indiana, May 16, 1889, son of H. D. and Caroline (Kampschaefer) Ballard. His mother is still living, having married a second time. H. D. Ballard died in 1893, when his only son, Frank E., was four years old. He had been a street HISTORY OF OHIO - 147 railway man, and at the time of his death was in the United States mail service. The two sisters of Frank E. Ballard are Lena, who married B. S. Potts, and Lula, who by her marriage to Edward W. Williams has five children. Frank E. Ballard attended public school in Tell City, Indiana, had two years of high school instruction, and when lie left school he learned the butcher's trade. While following that occupation he pursued a course of engineering with the International Correspondence Schools of Scranton, studying mathematics and specializing in refrigerating construction engineering. On completing his course he became engineer in the ice plant at Nashville, Tennessee, in 1910. Remaining there two years, he was then with the L. W. Wolf Ice Plant Company of Chicago as construction engineer on the road, installing plants for this concern. After four years he changed his service to the Triumph Ice Machine Company of Cincinnati, Ohio. As installing engineer for this company he was kept busy until America entered the World war. He was then granted a leave of absence, and had seventeen months of service and experience in the Eighty-fifth Division. He became a sergeant. He was in training four months at Camp Custer, Michigan, and went overseas, sailing from Hoboken, New York, and landing at Liverpool, July 13, 1918. After one week in England he crossed the channel to Brest, and was soon in some of the scenes of heaviest action during the summer and fall of 1918, including the Meuse-Argonne sector, the Alsace-Lorraine and Toul sectors. He was in the Toul sector November 11, 1918, when the armistice was signed, and then continued with his division in various places until returning to the United States, March 21, 1919. After a brief stay at Camp Upton he was sent to Camp Custer, Michigan, to receive his honorable discharge. After leaving the army Mr. Ballard resumed service with the Triumph Ice Machine Company of Cincinnati, but in December, 1922, resigned to become manager of the Chillicothe Ice Company. Mr. Ballard has interested himself in local civic and social affairs at Chillicothe, and is one of the popular young business men. On April 29, 1920, at Port Huron, Michigan, he married Miss Ruth Vera Losing, daughter of Fred and Jessie (Todd) Lossing. She was the only child of her parents. Her father and mother are still living, the former a carpenter. Mr. and Mrs. Ballard have one son, Lloyd H. JOHN H. LEWIS. The historic and attractive old city of Chillicothe, Ross County, has as chief of its excellent fire department the popular citizen whose name initiates this paragraph and who is giving a most efficient administration in his important sphere of service. Mr. Lewis was born at Waverly, Pike County, Ohio, January 16, 1862, and is a son of Jesse and Nancy (Hibbons) Lewis, both of whom passed their entire lives in Ohio, where the father died in 1883 and the mother in 1904. Of the children the eldest was Kate, who became the wife of Dudley Hill and who is now deceased ; John H., of this sketch, was the next in order of birth; Ellen became the wife of William Barr, and she is now deceased, as is also Ida, who was the wife of Edward Foy; Miss Edith, youngest of the children, still resides at Waverly, Pike County. In his earlier business career Jesse Lewis conducted a meat market at Waverly, and he was city marshal of that place at the time of his death. Impaired eyesight rendered him ineligible for military service in the Civil war, but he found other avenues for patriotic activity during that stormy period in the nation's history. Both he and his wife were consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Chillicothe 's fire-department chief was a youth at the time of his father 's death, and has never gained specific data concerning the family history, though it is known that the original representatives of the Lewis family in Ohio came from the State of New York, and that the family was founded in America in an early day. The maternal grandparents of Chief Lewis came to Ohio from Pennsylvania. In the public schools of Waverly John H. Lewis continued his studies until he was a lad of thirteen years, when he found employment on the farm of Dr. G. W. Clough, with whom he remained until he had attained to the age of eighteen years. He then returned to the parental home at Waverly, and there he found varied employment until he came to Chillicothe and entered upon an apprenticeship to the blacksmith trade in the shops of the Chillicothe Carriage Factory. As a skilled workman he continued to follow his trade ten years, and in 1900 he became a driver in the city fire department, where his advancement has been won through faithful and efficient service. He was promoted to a captaincy, and of this position he continued the incumbent until he assumed the office of chief of the department in 1919. Chief Lewis is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Improved Order of Redmen, and holds membership in the Ohio Police and Fire Association and the national organization of fire-department chiefs. He and his wife attend and support the United Brethren Church in their home city. In 1884 occurred the marriage of Mr. Lewis and Miss Julia Cramblit, daughter of the late John and Sarah (DeLong) Cramblit, of Ross County. Mr. and Mrs. Cramblit were the parents of six children : Simon, William, Mary (deceased), Harriet, Dorothy and Julia (Mrs. Lewis). Mr. and Mrs. Lewis have three children: Floyd married Miss Marie Blankship, and they have three children, Eleanor, Bettie and Ruth ; Ethel is the wife of Gilbert Leach; and the other child is Mabel Florence. Floyd Lewis and his family now maintain their home in the City of St. Louis, Missouri, where he is associated with a leading moving-picture corporation. He served as a member of the Home Guard during the period of American participation in the World war. HON. EDWIN D. RICKETTS, who served three terms as a member of Congress from the Eleventh Ohio District, has the distinction of being the only Hocking County citizen to represent his district in Congress during a century. Mr. Ricketts is a well-known attorney, a member of the bar at Logan, and his success in his profession and in public life has been due to untiring energy that never relaxed in his early struggles to gain an education and a foothold on the road to achievement. Mr. Ricketts was born at Maxwell, Perry County, Ohio, his parents being natives of the same county. His mother, Leah Angeline (Hitchcock) Ricketts, who died August 21, 1916, at the age of seventy, was a sister of Colonel Hitchcock, a prominent citizen of Perry County. Frank A. Ricketts, father of the former congressman, was born February 13, 1839, and is a resident of Logan, being eighty-five years of age. During the Civil war he served three years, two months and twelve days with the Thirty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry. His active career has been devoted tO farming and coal mining. He mined coal at New Straitsville until the strike of miners in 1884, when he removed his family to a farm eight miles west of Logan, in Hooking County. He took a great deal of delight in farming, and achieved much prosperity. In his younger years he taught 148 - HISTORY OF OHIO school for twenty terms or more. Both he and his wife were devout Methodists. Edwin D. Ricketts grew up in a coal miner 's home and his first teacher was his father in a school near New Straitsville. At an early age he went into the mines, working as a common laborer, but all the time was industriously striving to perfect his own education. He completed a high school course at home, and home study has brought him the equivalent of a college course. As a youth he taught school, and for twelve years was a school superintendent in Fairfield, Pickaway and Hocking counties. During the last three years of his work as a teacher he read law under Judge 0. W. H. Wright at Logan, and on October 14, 1899, was admitted to the Ohio bar. Mr. Ricketts established himself in the office he now occupies at Logan September 21, 1904. He has been admitted to practice in all the state courts and the United States Supreme Court. For fifteen months during Governor Herrick's administration, he served as state fire marshal. He was also a justice of the peace, and was an unsuccessful candidate for the office of prosecuting attorney. In 1914 came his first honor of election to Congress from the Eleventh District. In 1916 he was defeated for reelection. In 1918 he defeated his former opponent and in 1920 was reelected. In 1922 he was again unsuccessful. During his three terms in Congress Mr. Ricketts served on many important committees, including roads, merchant marine, elections, enrolled bills and invalid pensions. In. his law practice Mr. Ricketts has represented cases in all courts, including local, State Supreme and various branches of the Federal judiciary. A leader of the republican party, he has attended conventions from township to national. Mr. Ricketts is past counselor commander of the local lodge of the Knights of Pythias and a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Elks and Moose. He married, October 14, 1888, Miss Lydia B. Diffenbaugh. They have three sons : Wilbert M., Marcus H. and Francis E. BURTON EGBERT STEVENSON. While his name has become widely known in American literary circles as an author and editor, Burton Egbert Stevenson has always been more than satisfied to live in his native Ohio city, Chillicothe, a residence diversified by frequent sojourns in Europe, and for a quarter of a century has been librarian of the public library. Mr. Stevenson was born at Chillicothe, November 9, 1872. He was educated in local schools, attended Princeton University from 1890 to 1893, and first satisfied his literary ambitions in newspaper work. He was city editor of the Chillicothe Daily News in 1894 and of the Daily Advertiser in 1898. In 1899 he became librarian of the Chillicothe Public Library. The development of the library as an important educational center and institution of Chillicothe and the county has taken place under his administration. Six years after he became librarian the new library building was constructed and many additions have been made not only to its collection of books, but to the facilities of service. Mr. Stevenson is a member of the Authors Club of New York City, the Authors Guild of America, and at the time of the World war was sent to Paris as European director of the Library war service of the American Library Association. He organized and was engaged in that work from 1918 to 1920, when the last American troops left France. Mr. Stevenson was editor of Theodore Winthrop's posthumous novel, "Mr. Waddy's Return in 1904." He was editor of the Condensed Classics edition of Fielding's "Tom Jones; " was editor and compiler of "Days and Deeds," verse, in 1906; "Days and Deeds," prose, 1907; "Poems of American History," 1908; "A Child's Guide to American Biography," 1909; "Home Book of Verse," 1912; "Home Book of Verse for Young Folks," 1915, and "The Home Book of Modern Verse," 1925. He has been writing short stories, histories of romances and novels for a quarter of a century. His best known writings are as follows: "At Odds With the Regent: A Story of the Cellamare Conspiracy," 1900; "A Soldier of Virginia: A Story of Colonel Washington and Braddock's Defeat," 1901; " The Heritage," 1902; " Tommy Remington's Battle," 1902; " The Holladay Case," 1903; "Cadets of Gascony, Two Stories of Old France," 1904; " The Marathon Mystery," 1904; " The Young Section Hand," 1905; "The Girl with the Blue Sailor," 1906; "Affairs of State," 1906; "The Young Train-Dispatcher," 1907; "That Affair at Elizabeth," 1907; " The Quest for the Rose of Sharon," 1909; " The Young Train Master," 1909; " The Path of Honor," 1910; "The Spell of Holland," 1911; "Mystery of the Boule Cabinet," 1912 ; "The Young Apprentice," 1912; " The Gloved Hand," 1913; " The Destroyer," 1913; " The Charm of Ireland," 1914; "Little Comrade," 1915; "A King in Babylon," 1917; "The Girl from Alsace," 1918; "The Kingmakers," 1922; "The Storm-Centre," 1924. On June 12, 1895, Mr. Stevenson married Elizabeth Shepard Butler, of Chillicothe. OVERTON F. WILLIAMSON. For fifteen years Overton F. Williamson has been closely identified with the educational affairs of Southern Ohio. He has taught and has been a school administrator in several counties, and is now county superintendent of schools of Pike County. Mr. Williamson was born in Adams County, Ohio, July 10, 1887, son of John S. and Allie Olive (Cornelius) Williamson, both of whom were born in Ohio and are still living. The paternal grandparents were Joseph and Mary (Storer) Williamson, who came from Pennsylvania, Joseph Williamson being Scotch and Mary Storer of English ancestry. The maternal grandparents were Robert and Rebecca (Lowry) Cornelius, Cornelius being an English name while Lowry is Irish. John S. Williamson has spent his active career as a merchant and farmer, operating a general store and cultivating a farm of 260 acres. He is a member of the United Presbyterian Church at Wheat Ridge, Ohio. The children of these parents were : Lala, who married J. A. Young and has two children, named Williard and John R.; Charles B. and his wife, Elizabeth, have two children, Charles, Jr., and Billie; Mary Grace is the wife of Edward Martin and has a son, George Edward; William Edgar married Hattie Martin; Edith Hannah is the wife of Homer McClelland, and their one child is Elizabeth June. Overton F. Williamson while a boy on a farm in Adams County attended the district schools, graduated from the high school at West Union, and during 1906-08 was a student in Muskingum College. He began his career as a teacher in Guernsey County, remaining there during 1908-10, and from 1911 to 1914 taught in his native county of Adams. During 1915-16 he was a teacher in the Jefferson Township High School, in the summer Of 1916 was at Lebanon, and in 1917 became district superintendent of the Central District of four townships, including Jefferson, Tifton, Oliver and Liberty, and also West Union Village. lie held this responsible post in the educational work of Adams County until 1920, when he was chosen district superintendent of schools for Pike County, which position he held for a term of one year and then was advanced to the position HISTORY OF OHIO - 149 of County Superintendent, which position he still holds. His office is at Waverly. Mr. Williamson had an active part as a school official in promoting war work among the school children of his district, and his organization led the list in the sale of War Savings Stamps. At Peebles, Ohio, January 3, 1912, he married Miss Blanche Marie Hayslip, daughter of David W. and Ella Lucille (Hatfield) Hayslip. Her father was a farmer, and her mother is 'still living. Mrs. Williamson is next to the youngest of five children. The other children of her parents were : Flossie, who is the wife of Charles Holmes, and they have a son, Roy Edward ; Mabel, wife of N. J. Howell ; Raymond, who married Delillie Florea, and has a son, Ross Wayne ; and Lucille. Mr. and Mrs. Williamson are members of the Church of Christ. Three children were born to their marriage, Ralph Leon, the son, dying in infancy, and the two daughters are Mary Lucille and Ruth Evelyn. GEORGE E. BARCH was born at Waverly in Pike County, has regarded that as his home throughout his life, and has been one of the sterling and successful business leaders in that community in Southern Ohio. He was born at Waverly, December 16, 1858, son of Christopher W. and Mary Anna (Flowers) Barch, both now deceased. His mother was born in Ohio and her father, William Flowers, was of old Virginia ancestry. Christopher W. Barch was born in Bavaria, Germany, in 1829, son of John and Mary Barch. When he was six months old, in 1830, the family started for America, and were 106 days on the voyage. They were in an old sailing ship, and the passengers were reduced to near starvation, having in the last days only a ration of a spoonful of rice per day. Christopher W. Barch became a blacksmith by trade. Owing to ill health he did not become a Union soldier, but two brothers represented the family as soldiers in the war. Christopher W. Barch 's children were : William, E. L., George E., Cora May, wife of S. K. Smith, and John, who died unmarried in 1923. The oldest child was Martin Luther, who died when fourteen months old. George Bard, 's brothers, William and E. L., are both married. George E. Barch acquired his early education in the public schools of Waverly. Leaving school at the age of nineteen, he went to work in his father 's shop, and fourteen years later became bookkeeper and traveling salesman for the Peepee Milling Company of Waverly. He was with that firm twenty-one consecutive years and never lost a day 's wages from duty. In the meantime, in 1892, he helped organize the Waverly Building and Loan Association, becoming one of its directors. In 1894 he was elected secretary of the Association and has now completed thirty years of service, a service that has been largely responsible for the building up of a million dollar company, one of the best managed Building and Loan Associations in the state. Mr. Barch was elected judge of the Probate Court, of Pike County, and held that Office for two terms, the eight years from 1912 to 1920. He has also served as mayor of Waverly. During the World war he took a prominent part in all the drives for the sale of Liberty Bonds and the raising of funds for the Young Men's Christian Association and Red Cross. His wife was county chairman of one of the departments of the Red Cross. Mr. Barch is a member Of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is affiliated with the Masonic Lodge and Knights of Pythias, and is a past master of the Masons and has been secretary of the lodge for many years. On July 30, 1884, at Washington Court House, Ohio, Mr. Barch married Miss May Garwood, of Waverly. She has two married brothers, Park and Poe Garwood. Four children have been born to the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Barch, Frank E., the oldest, first married Nellie Morgan, and his present wife, Mrs. Harriet Barch, came from Kentucky. The son, Walter, married Amanda Holton, of Pike County, Ohio, and their three children are George and Robert, twins, and Virginia. The third child, Mary Virginia, married Plumer Haynes, of Chillicothe. The youngset is Garwood, living in Detroit. THOMAS C. JENKINS, superintendent of the Ohio State Reformatory, is one of the men of Ohio who is devoting his time, energies and talents to the work of rescuing boys and sending them forth from his institution so improved as to make of Them good and loyal citizens. The importance of this welfare work among the delinquent boys is receiving much more attention than formerly, and Mr. Jenkins belongs to the new school of superintendents, following in his methods his predecessor, James A. Leonard, to whose fostering care and love for his work is due much of the efficiency of the school today. The birth of Thomas C. Jenkins occurred in Morgan County, Ohio, March 13, 1879, and he is a son of Richard and Abigail J. (Sheridan) Jenkins, and a grandson of David Jenkins, a native of Wales, who came to the United States at an early day. Richard Jenkins spent his life on a farm in Morgan County. Growing up on his father 's farm, Thomas C. Jenkins early cherished ambitions to be of service to his community, and with this idea in view entered the educational field. In it he displayed such exceptional ability and such an understanding of boys that his work attracted the attention of J. W. Dover, one of the trustees of the Ohio State Reformatory, who urged him to accept an appointment as teacher and guard at the institution. In 1905 he yielded to Mr. Dover 's request and began his connection with this great work, then under the supervision of James A. Leonard. In 1896 the Ohio Stale Reformatory was organized and placed under the supervision of six trustees, but subsequently, under Governor Harmon, a board of administration was created. When this institution was still in its infancy James A. Leonard, then principal of one of the high schools of Youngstown, Ohio, was induced to become its superintendent, and he continued at its head until 1918, when failing health made his resignation obligatory. His death occurred not long after he left the reformatory. Mr. Leonard and his assistants made this one of the leading reformatories of the country, a fact commented upon by an examining committee that had visited a number of similar institutions. In its report the committee stated emphatically that of all of these institutions the Ohio State Reformatory was ten years in advance in the work it was accomplishing. Not only was Mr. Leonard a tireless and efficient worker himself, but he had the faculty of gathering about him a corps of enthusiastic and capable assistants, and Mr. Jenkins also possesses this admirable trait of character. Upon coming to the reformatory Mr. Jenkins took hold of the duties assigned him with such effectiveness that it was not long before he was made superintendent of schools and later field Officer and sent out to cover the southern half of the state and keep in touch with the boys who had been sent out from tha reformatory on parole. On January 13, 1913, Mr. Jenkins was recalled from the field and made assistant superintendent, succeeding Capt. R. U. Hastings, who was promoted to superintendent