450 - HISTORY OF OHIO school education. He was graduated from Heidelburg College of Tiffin, Ohio, with the class of 1884. His college course was earned through his work as a teacher. He began teaching school at the age of sixteen. In 1886 he graduated from the Cincinnati Law College, was admitted to the bar, and in the same year located at Canton. At that time the Canton bar contained some of the most brilliant legal luminaries in the state, but Mr. Seemann soon achieved recognition, and for many years he has had a practice coordinate with his ability to look after it. He is a member of the Stark County Bar Association. In addition to his professional work he is president of the Canton Electric Cleanser Company and a director in the Canton Fertilizer Company. He is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias Lodge, and for several years was an elder in the First Reformed Church. GEORGE T. JOHNSON. In one of the most southerly of Ohio counties, Clermont, George T. Johnson since his removal there in 1920 has built up a very prosperous business as a stockraiser and farmer, specializing in pure bred Jersey cattle. His herd has a reputation over a considerable area of the Ohio Valley, and he has exhibited his stock at many fairs and has many premiums to attest their splendid individual quality. Mr. Johnson, whose home is near Bethel, was born September 21, 1872, at Richmond, Indiana, son of George and Amanda (Reisner) Johnson, now deceased. His father was also a cattle buyer and farmer. George T. Johnson attended public schools, and from early boyhood gave much of his time to the labors and duties of the farm, handling much of the home work while his father was absent in the cattle buying business. On reaching his majority Mr. Johnson began buying cattle on his own account, and established himself in farming about ten miles from Richmond. In 1920, selling out his interests in Eastern Indiana, lie came to Clermont County, Ohio, buying 150 acres along the Ohio River in Washington Township. He has operated his farm with profit, but his chief feature is his herd of pure bred Jersey cattle, about forty in. number. He handled this herd primarily for the sale of its increase, but he also derived much money from the incidental dairy business. Mr. Johnson is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is a Mason and a republican. He married in 1895 Miss Anna Waters, of Richmond, Indiana, daughter of John and Martha Waters. Her parents are now deceased. Her father was in the building business in different parts of Indiana. Mrs. Johnson was educated in public schools and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They have two children: George T., Jr., an employe of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company, and Anne, wife of Sam P. Weiner, whose home is in Southern Kentucky. RALPH J. WILCOX had gained a successful position as a practicing attorney at Akron before he was elected and entered upon his duties as county recorder of Summit County. Mr. Wilcox represents one of the old and prominent families of Ohio. He is of New England ancestry, and in New England the Wilcoxs were connected with the Robinsons and Websters and the Wilders. The father of Ralph J. Wilcox, the late Henry C. Wilcox, inherited the old document. dated June 20, 1776, which commissioned Sadoce Wilcox as ensign of a Connecticut company in the War of the Revolution. Dr. Jeremiah Wilcox, a son of this Revolutionary soldier, was a native of Connecticut, and in 1806 came to the Ohio Western Reserve, first living in Trumbull County and afterwards at Hudson, Ohio. Dr. Jeremiah Cullen Wilcox, son of Doctor Jeremiah, was born in Connecticut, December 6, 1796, and inherited from his father a farm that was part of the land granted to the elder Dr. Jeremiah Wileox. This farm was in Richfield Township of Summit County. He lived at his home there until his death on January 26, 1873. He was a graduate of Jefferson College and studied medicine under his father, and for many years practiced in Trumbull and Summit counties and later became a merchant. On October 1, 1839, he married for his second wife Julia A. (Wilder) Pettee, who was born in New York, September 19, 1814, and was one of the best educated pioneer women in Ohio. She became teacher of French and mathematics in the Young Ladies' Seminary at Granville, Ohio. Henry C. Wilcox, a son of Dr. Jeremiah C. and Julia A. (Wilder) Wilcox, was born in Richfield Township, Summit County, November 10, 1844. He grew up on the old homestead, and was successfully engaged in farming there for many years. About 1890 he moved to Akron, and was in the abstract business, building up one of the most complete sets of abstract records in Summit County. He died at Akron, February 7, 1920. He was a staunch republican, was a member of the Masonic Order, and served throughout the Civil war as a soldier in the Fourth New York Cavalry. Henry C. Wilcox married Mary Templeton, who lives at Akron, and was born in Northampton Township of Summit County, April 17, 1848. Of the seven children born to their marriage Ralph J. is the youngest. The oldest, Harry C., is a mechanical engineer living at West Allis, Wisconsin; Frances L., who died at Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, in 1918, married William B. Doyle, who is a professor in Amherst College at Amherst, Massachusetts; George C. is a potter of Akron; Millie married William Fletcher, a rubber worker at Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio ; Arthur G. is a physician and surgeon at Solon Springs, Wisconsin; and Frank is employed in a large automobile factory at Toledo. Ralph J. Wilcox, the county recorder at Akron, was born in that city March 21, 1889, and represents the fourth generation of his family in Ohio. He received his education in the public schools of Akron, graduating from high school in 1907. He then attended Buchtel College, now Akron University, and received the degree of Bachelor of Science from this institution in 1911. From there he entered the Baldwin Law School and was graduated Bachelor of Laws in 1914. Mr. Wilcox has had ten years in which to achieve success in the law, business and public affairs. After his admission to the bar he began law practice, but spent much of his time in the abstract business. In September, 1921, he entered upon his duties as county recorder in the Plymouth County Courthouse at Akron. He was elected to this office on the republican ticket in November, 1920. Mr. Wilcox was inducted into the United States service October 1, 1918, and was sent to Fort Sam Houston, Texas, being with the Eight Hundred and Seventeenth Aerial Squadron. He received his honorable discharge February 2, 1919. He is a member of Post No. 10 of the American Legion at Akron. Mr. Wilcox, who is married, is affiliated with the Orioles, the Sons of Veterans, Akron Aerie No. 554, Fraternal Order of Eagles, and Akron Lodge. No. 64, Loyal Order of Moose. ZERAU L. TRAVIS. Of the progressive concerns which have added to the prestige and improved the facilities of Steubenville, one of the most important is the Travis Transfer & Storage Company, of which the owner is Zerau L. Travis. Mr. Travis has made his own way in the world, having been identified with HISTORY OF OHIO - 451 a number of the city 's industries, and has just completed one of the finest office and storage' buildings to be found within the limits of Steubenville. Born in this city April 22, 1869, Mr. Travis is a son of Daniel A. and Sarah R. (Whitehead) Travis. His great-grandfather, Daniel Travis, was born July 6, 1787, in New Farin County, Pennsylvania, and subsequently established his home in Washington County, Pennsylvania. He married Bettie Scott Pruit, whose father was a pensioner for service in the Revolutionary war. The Pruit family had been established in Maryland for generations. Bettie Scott Pruit was born in Maryland, June 14, 1792. Asa Travis, grandfather of Zerau L., was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, October 13, 1812, and was a pioneer of Steubenville. One of the historic landmarks of the city is the old Travis home, stand- ing at 722 North Fourth Street, and occupied by a member of the family. Asa Travis married Melissa Ann Atkinson, who was born in Mount Pleasant, Ohio, May 25, 1811. Daniel A. Travis was born in Steubenville, June 28, 1848, was a carpenter by trade and died in January, 1884. He was a faithful member of the Presbyterian Church, as is his widow, Rebecca (Whitehead) Travis, who was born in Steubenville seventy-seven years ago. They had the following children: Zerau L.; Lydia, who married Harry J. Stewart and has two children, Harry J. Jr., and Mae; Mary, who married Frank Galloway, and has an adopted child, John; Asa, who married Margaret Holliday and has two Children, Mae and Grace; Daniel, Jr., who married Nellie Richards, and they have an adopted child; Clara, who married Arthur Moneygold and has eight children, Asa, William, Daniel, Clara, Mary Margaret, Harry, Arthur and irank; and William, who is married and has three children. Zerau L. Travis attended the public schools at Steubenville until reaching the age of fifteen years, at which time he secured employment in the old cut nail plant of the Jefferson Iron Works. There he remained for six years, or until such time as the development of the wire nail crowded the cut nail off the market. His next employment was with the Sumney Glass Works, where he remained for two years, going then to the Pierce Furniture Factory, which factory, it is interesting to note, in later years was converted into an office and storage building for the use of Mr. Travis. For five years he remained with this company as a lumber grader and inspector, and then took up work as a checkman in the freight department of the Pennsylvania Railroad, where he remained eleven years, during which time he engaged at times in a small transfer trade. Being confident that there was a future in this business at Steubenville, he purchased the baggage transfer business of Edward Gren and thus started on a career that has brought him success and position. He has built up one of the most extensive transfer and storage businesses to be found in a city of this size, and in the meantime has built up a reputation for integrity that has won general confidence and good will. Mr. Travis is a Presbyterian in religion. He is a thirty-second degree Mason' Knight Templar and Shriner, and belongs to the Knights of Pythias and the Modern Woodmen. When the grand officers of the Knights of Pythias were traveling to Cincinnati to institute the first Knights of Pythias lodge in Ohio, the train on which they were traveling was held up by bridge construction work and accordingly made a stop at Steubenville. Thus it was that the officials, leaving the train, organized the first lodge at this place instead of Cincinnati. Mr. Travis belongs also to the Rotary Club, the Chamber of Commerce and the Steubenville Country Club. His hobbies are hunting and camping out. At Steubenville Mr. Travis was united in marriage with Nellie Maxwell, daughter of Frank and Margaret Maxwell, and to this union there were born the following children: Frank, who is single ; Samuel, also unmarried; Nancy, the widow of William Marten; Floyd, in the United States Navy, who was recently . married; Dewey Bryan, who married Ruby Schaffer ; and Alva, Arthur, Howard and Helen, who reside with their father. The mother of these children died April 20, 1912, and January 19, 1913, Mr. Travis married at Steubenville Miss Madeline Miller Attbater, daughter of Fred and Elizabeth Attbater, the former of whom died in 1887, while the latter survives. Mr. and Mrs. Attbater had the following children : Frederick, who married Elizabeth Teeman and has six children, Tilda, Lucy, Stella, Frederick Earl, Gertrude and Edward; Elizabeth, who married Edward Kreiling and has four children, Viola, Edward, Pearl and Irvin; Charles, who is deceased; Emma, who married Charles Eckert and has two children, Elmer and Grandor; Katherine and William, who are deceased; Louisa, who married Frank Lehman and has three children, Ethel, Elizabeth and Louise; Albert, deceased; Madeline, who is now Mrs. Travis; Edward, who married and has three children, Elizabeth, Louise and Edna ; and Elsie, who married Max Flohr and has one child, Madeline. J. EDWARD GOOD, of Akron, is a veteran in the hardware business, to which he has devoted forty years of his life. He is head of the Hardware & Supply Company of Akron, one of the leading wholesale and jobbing concerns in the state. The name Good has been conspicuous in Akron business and civic affairs for over eighty years. His grandparents were John and Margaret (Richert) Good, natives of Alsace, France, John Good being a farmer and grain dealer and emigrant contractor. John T. Good, the Akron pioneer, was born at Strassburg, France, October 25, 1818, and in 1838 came to America by sailing vessel, traveling west from New York by river and canal to Buffalo, by the Great Lakes to Cleveland and Chicago, and reaching St. Louis, was deterred from going to New Orleans by yellow fever epidemic, then returning east to Buffalo and after about a year settling in Ohio. About 1840 he located at Akron, where for a time he clerked in the largest store in the tow; owned by P. D. Hall, and then engaged in the grocery business on his own account. He built in 1845 and operated for ten years the first brewery in Summit County. He continued his interests as a grocery merchant until 1865. He went out to California in 1850, traveling across the plains, and had a brief experience in mining and for a time was in the grocery and provision business at Placerville. In 1865 he bought an oil refinery at Akron, establishing the firm of John T. Good & Son. They improved the capacity to 250 barrels per day, and this was one of the very first firms to export petroleum oil from America to Europe. John T. Good sold his interests in the oil refinery in 1872 and then lived retired until his death in 1883. He married in 1844 Barbara Yost, of Stark County, Ohio, who died in 1896. Their oldest child, Charles W., was a Union soldier during the Civil war with the Cleveland Greys and afterwards a prominent hardware merchant at Cleveland. J. Edward Good was born at Akron, February 15, 1861, and was liberally educated, graduating from high school in 1879, and in 1884 received his Bachelor of Philosophy degree at Kenyon College. He was employed for several years at Cleveland with the hardware firm in which his brother was a partner, but in 1889, returning to Akron, assisted in organizing the Paige Brothers Company, hardware merchants, 452 - HISTORY OF OHIO becoming vice president and secretary. This business was reorganized in 1891 and incorporated as the Standard Hardware Company, with Mr. Good as president. In 1905 the Standard Hardware Company and the Morgan & Bunnell Company were consolidated, resulting in the Hardware & Supply Company, of which Mr. Good has since been president. This company handles mill supplies, automotive equipment, electrical supplies, plumber 's supplies, builder's hardware, and does a large business all over this section of Ohio. Mr. Good's success in business has been thorough going, but some of the energy and resourcefulness of the business man he has applied to the benefit of civic and social welfare. He was the first president of the Better Akron Federation, was the president of the Akron Boy Scouts Council and is now a member of the Reginal Executive Committee of the Fourth Region, Boy Scouts of America. He was president of the Akron Chamber of Commerce in 1912-13; is a past president of the Akron University Club and Alumni Association of Kenyon College, and is a member of the college fraternities Beta Theta Pi and Theta Nu Epsilon, having been prominent in these since leaving college. He is a member of the Portage Country Club, Akron City Club, University Club, Rotary Club and Masonic Club, and in Masonry is affiliated with the Knights Templar Commandery, thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Consistory and Tadmor Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is a member of the Board of Trustees of Kenyon College and is a former vestryman of St. Paul's Episcopal Church at Akron. In speaking of his connection with educational affairs, it may be noted that Mr. Good was an earnest advocate of military discipline for boys in high school with retired army officers as instructors, and also favored a uniform dress for both boys and girls in high school. All his life he has enjoyed games and wholesome sport of every kind and is convinced that competitive games, particularly those outdoors, are an invaluable source not only of good health, but of other qualities making for good citizenship. He himself has participated in various lines of sport, in later years becoming an enthusiastic golfer. The outstanding act of his public spirit in contributing something to the material welfare of the entire community, was strongly influenced by this interest in sports and recognition of the high value of outdoor recreation. In June, 1924, Mr. Good presented to the City of Akron a firm of 180 acres, which for many years has been owned by the Good family and which lies within the city limits and within a ten-minute street car ride from the center of the city. It was given to the city for a municipal golf course and for other recreational and educational purposes and is to be forever known as the "J. Edward Good Park." Beyond the guarantee that improvements and construction work to provide the objects should be carried out within a reasonable time, there were no conditions attaching to the gift and the appreciation of the community was well expressed in an editorial from the Akron Press, saying: "In addition to this $100,000 worth of land, Mr. Good offers the city a beauty spot, a place where the working man can get recreation, the youngster can play in safety, where the mother can take her children, and where all the city can get close to nature. Mr. Good's gift is an outstanding contribution to the .city's welfare." Mr. Good married in 1889 Miss Laura D. Zimmerman, of Pittsburgh. Her paternal grandfather, Philip Zimmerman, was a native of Switzerland and became a minister of the Gospel, while her maternal grandfather, Edward Dithridge, was born on the Isle of Wight, England, and coming to America located at Pittsburgh, where he made the first flint glass lamp chimneys in America. Dithridge Street in Pittsburgh was named in his honor. His successor in business was Mrs. Good's father, Paul Zimmerman, who continued it until his death. He was also prominent in musical circles in Pittsburgh, being a charter member of the Gounod and Mozart clubs. Mrs. Good herself was a leader in musical and dramatic circles at Akron, a highly cultured woman, whose death on September 29, 1924, was greatly deplored. Mr. and Mrs. Good have two children: Harriet Dithridge and Miriam. Harriet is the wife of Richard W. Brouse, president of the Richard W. Brouse Company, the Akron agency for the Pierce-Arrow automobile. The two children of Mr, and Mrs. Brouse are Richard W., Jr., and Edward Good Brouse. The daughter Miriam is married to Fred W. Lohmann, assistant sales manager of the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company. WINFIELD SCOTT BOOKWALTER, M. D., whose death occurred December 24, 1924, was a prominent man in the professional life of Montgomery County, but was perhaps even better known as a business man and financier. He was president of the Miamisburg Building & Loan Association and for many years was president of the Bookwalter Wheel Company and a director in the Pioneer Products Company. Doctor Bookwalter was on the official board and a trustee of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Miamisbuit, and for many years served on the Montgomery County District Board of Health. He was a member of the Rotary Club and a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason. Doctor Bookwalter was unmarried, and with his sister, Miss Anna E. Bookwalter, occupied one of the most beautiful residences in Miamisburg, at the corner of Fourth and Pearl streets. His brother, the late Charles Edgar Bookwalter, was an attorney by profession and for twenty years was examiner of claims in the Pension Bureau at Washington, D. C. A. E. AUGENSTEIN, postmaster of Napoleon, has been actively identified with the business affairs of this community for forty years. He is a member of a family that has been prominent in this section of Ohio, both in business and the professions. He was born at Bucyrus, Ohio, August 10, 1863, son of Dr. Jacob and Mary (Boehler) Augenstein. His father was born in Baden, Germany, January 10, 1819, and was eight years old when his parents came to America. He was reared in Crawford County, Ohio, and at Bucyrus he began the study of medicine under Doctor Boehler. Doctor Boehler was also a native of Germany, and his daughter, Mary Boehler, was born July 27, 1822, and was a child when brought to America. Dr. Jacob 'Augenstein subsequently married Mary Boehler, and for several years was engaged in practice at Bucyrus. While there he acquired an interest in a woolen mill, and in 1863 he and his associates built a new mill at Napoleon, and somewhat later he transferred his residence to that city. Doctor Augenstein after retiring from business remained a highly respected citizen of Napoleon until his death in 1902, at the age of eighty-three. His wife passed away in 1900. Dr. Jacob Augenstein was the father of eight children. The four now living are : Margaret T., wife of C. C. Miller, in Tennessee ; C. F. of Napoleon; Ida, wife of W. H. Donahue, of Chicago; and A. E. Augenstein. A. E. Augenstein was about two years old when the family came to Napoleon, and he received a good education here, graduating from high school and spending two years in Oberlin College. He then became associated with his older brother in the woolen mills, and when that business was discontinued he HISTORY OF OHIO - 453 became a furniture merchant and undertaker. Mr. Augenstein devoted his time to this commercial line of. business for ten years. In February, 1922, he was appointed postmaster of Napoleon under the Harding administration, and now devotes all his time to the administration of that office. He married Miss Elizabeth Bitzer, of Napoleon. Their only child, Helen, graduated from the Napoleon High School and was a teacher in the Glenville School at Toledo when she died. Mr. and Mrs. Augenstein are members of the Presbyterian Church. Fraternally he is affiliated with Napoleon Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, of which he is a past master, belongs to the Royal Arch Chapter, Defiance Commandery No. 30, Knights Templar, and is a past exalted ruler of the Benevolent-and Protective Order. of Elks. His influence has always been thrown in behalf of the republican party. He served five years as a member of the Board of Public Service at Napoleon, and Governor Willis appointed him tax commissioner. HON. ROLAND GERALD DAVIS has for many years been well known in Hamilton as a business man and through his public and civic activities and participation in politics. He is a former state senator. Mr. Davis was born at New Baltimore, Ohio, April 30, 1881, son of Sylvester E. and Sarah M. Davis. His mother died in 1907. His father, a resident of Hamilton, has been a stationary engineer for many years. Roland Gerald Davis attended public schools at Hamilton, but as a boy he was thrown practically on his own responsibilities, and has made life's opportunities and advantages through his own resourcefulness. At the age of nine years he sought employment to pay his way. He was a boy worker in the plant of the Republican Publishing Company of Hamilton, and spent fourteen years with that institution. For seven years before he resigned he was foreman of the composing room. Mr. Davis has been a master printer, and was in business for himself as a commercial printer until the flood of 1913 completely destroyed his plant, causing him a loss of over $40,000. Following that for eighteen months he was assistant superintendent of the McDonald Printing Company of Cincinnati, for a year was general superintendent of the Printing Arts Company of Indianapolis and for eighteen months was mechanical director of the H. K. McCann Advertising Company of New York, Cleveland and San Francisco. Sickened with influenza, he was compelled to give up his work, and after practically regaining his health he entered actively into the political campaign of 1920, being a candidate before the republican primary for the office of state senator. He carried the primary by, more than three to one over his opponent and was the first man ever elected on the republican ticket in the Second and Fourth Senatorial Districts, having a majority of 2,865. In the State Senate Mr. Davis was chairman of the committee on claims, and a member of the committees on taxation, cities, agriculture, labor, fish culture and game, colleges and universities, medical college and societies enrollment and public printing. He introduced and was influential in securing the passage of Senate Bill No. 81, authorizing cities, villages and counties to acquire play grounds, permitting the schools to cooperate in such enterprises. Senator Davis was not a candidate for reelection after the close of his term, since he became a candidate at the primary for lieutenant governor. He ran third in a field of nine candidates at the primary, and one of his distinctions was carrying Mahoning County by over 18,000 majority. He again became a candidate for the nomination for lieutenant governor in 1924. Mr. Davis regards participation in polities as one of the most solemn duties of citizenship, and throughout his career has made his influence effective in the behalf of clean politics and strict enforcement of the law. He has never missed voting in the primary or general elections. since he was old enough, and once he returned home from Jamestown, New York, to participate in the primary. He has eight sisters and three brothers, and all of them are voters and strong republicans. Mr. Davis and wife are prominent in all the activities and organizations of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He married, October 28, 1903, Miss Daisy Christ, of California, Ohio, daughter of Reinhart and Mildred (Wheeler.) hrist. Her father died in July, 1922, and her mother in September, 1924. Mrs. Davis was educated in the Hamilton Grammar and High schools and is a graduate of the Cincinnati College of Music in both piano and violin. She is a member of the Woman's Club, and has interested herself in various civic movements. ELISHA HUMPHREY, son of John and Rachel Humphrey, was born August 3, 1853, near Raysville, Vinton County, Ohio. He attended the public schools of this county during his early childhood, later entering the Smith Business College of Cincinnati, taking bookkeeping. After completing his course of study he was employed by a furnace company in the capacity of bookkeeper. Resigning this position, he went into the store business at Raysville, where he became acquainted with and married Anna L. Kidnocker, daughter of Robert Kidmiocker, the local miller of Salt Creek. Later Mr. Humphrey became interested in the operation of several flouring mills in Vinton and Ross counties, finally purchasing the local mill at Omega, Pike County, Ohio. Here he opened a general store in connection with his mill and farm interest. His business grew very rapidly and extended over such a vast territory in Vinton, Ross and Pike counties he soon felt the need of some means of taking better care of this ever increasing business. In 1897 he conceived the idea of constructing a telephone line from Omega, Pike County, to Allensville, Vinton County, via Higby, Richmondale, Vigo and Londonderry. This venture proved even more successful than anticipated, and in 1898 leased the right of way from the Board of Public Works of Ohio along the Ohio and Erie Canal for the construction of a telephone line froth Omega to Waverly. In this venture he met with certain opposition, as a certain telephone company had been duly organized at Waverly, known as the Columbia Telephone Company, composed of the leading business men of that village, and soon a telephone war was on. At this time it was iinpossible for Mr. Humphrey to secure an operating franchise in this village, so he proceeded to build around this village, leasing right of way from the then Ohio Southern Railroad from the corporate limit of Waverly to Glen Jean. From this point he continued along what is now known as the Scioto Trail to Piketon, Ohio. As the villages of Waverly and Piketon still felt the sting 'of battle on account of removal of the county seat from Piketon to Waverly and the Columbia Telephone Company having neglected to develop the Piketon territory, the Humphrey move was cordially received by the people of Piketon, and here the first of the opposition telephone exchanges was opened in a barber shop where the barber (Mr. Spurck) answered as operator. About this time the Columbia Telephone Company was absorbed by the Central Union Telephone Company, who made some changes in the operating rules and rate charge. This, together with certain other agitation, saw the election of a council for the Village of Waverly. who were friendly to the Humphrey cause, and anticipating some such move the Humphrey holdings were organized and in- 454 - HISTORY OF OHIO corporated as the Home Telephone Company, Waverly, Ohio, in August, 1899, E. Humphrey, president, J. N. Hoffman, treasurer, F. E. Dougherty, secretary. From this time on for several years injunctions, suits for damages, disputed rights of way, together with a development campaign, followed with exchanges established at Beaver, Cynthiana, Idaho, Sinking Springs, Piketon and Waverly, together with the purchase of the local holdings of the Central Union Telephone Company, which was completed in 1912. In 1903 Mr. Humphrey organized the Adams County Telephone Company, Peebles, Ohio, this being the outcome of requests from persons in and around Sinking Springs for telephone connection to their nearest railroad point. This organization proceeded to develop territory in Adams County, establishing exchanges at Nebles, Seaman, Wamsley and West Union, taking over the Central Union holdings in this territory in 1912. The purchase of the holdings of the Central Union Telephone Company carried with it a traffic. agreement for the handling of traffic over their lines and those of the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, which completed a universal service for the subscribers of the Humphrey holding. At the time of his death, which occurred in November, 1917, Mr. Humphrey was president and general manager of both telephone properties, owning nearly the entire issue of stock. DAVID KIRK, SR., a man whose character and achievement were molded on a noble Beak, was long numbered among the most prominent and influential citizens of Findlay, the metropolis and judicial center of Hancock County, and he did much to further the civic, industrial and commercial advancement of this fine Ohio city. Trusted and honored by all, this sterling citizen continued his active association with business affairs at Findlay until the time of his death, which occurred on the 11th of December, 1922. Mr. Kirk was born in Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland, May 5, 1849, a son of James and Margaret (Swan) Kirk, he having been but three years of age at the time of his mother 's death. James Kirk was born in the year 1803 and passed his entire life in Scotland, where his death occurred in 1879. After the death of the mother the father kept the family together on the home farm, and there young David was reared to the age of ten years, when he was sent forth to work on a neighboring farm. He attended school less than one year, and his broader education was that gained by self-discipline and experience, he having become a man of broad and accurate knowledge and mature judgment. He abandoned farm work when fifteen years of age and entered upon an apprenticeship to the miller 's trade in the City of Dunfermline. He there continued until he was about eighteen years old, and thereafter he followed his trade in the City of Glasgow until 1869, when, at the age of twenty years, he landed in the port of New York City, and within a short time obtained employment with a construction company that was engaged in building a tunnel in the Alleghany Mountains. After being thus employed three months he passed an interval in the City of Buffalo, New York, and then came to Akron, Ohio, which was then a mere village. There he was employed during the ensuing ten years, and with characteristic Scottish thrift and good judgment he saved his earnings during this period and thus had appreciable financial fortification when, in 1879, he purchased an interest in the Eagle Roller Mills at Findlay, in the operation of which he became associated with W. W. McConnell, under the firm name of McConnell & Kirk. The firm successfully operated the mills, which then had the old-time buhr equipment, and, keeping in touch with modern ideas, the establishment in 1882 was thoroughly equipped with the roller process, this having been the first roller mill in Northwest Ohio. In 1885 the firm was dissolved, Mr. Kirk purchasing his partner 's interest, and in 1890, to meet increasing demands, he enlarged the manufacturing plant by adding to the building and doubling the output capacity of the plant. Mr. Kirk continued to operate the Eagle Mills, with unqualified success, until the time of his death, and maintained all products at the best modern standard. In 1887 Mr. Kirk purchased the plant and business of the Findlay Baking Company, and this enterprise likewise he continued successfully until the same was sold to the United States Biscuit Company in 1891. A fewyears later the property became a part of the newly incorporated National Biscuit Company, and Mr. Kirk became one of the charter members of this great corporation. His initiative and business progressiveness found further expression in 1895 when he became associated with S. F. Evans as a member of the wholesale grocery firm of S. F. Evans & Company, he having assumed full control of the business upon the death of Mr. Evans in 1899, and having reorganized the same under the corporate title of David Kirk, Sons & Company, which is still retained, he having continued president of the company until his death and his progressive policies having been potent in developing the business from small proportions until the concern is now the largest inland wholesale grocery house in Northwestern Ohio. In 1915 Mr. Kirk became vice president of the First National Bank of Findlay, this being the oldest national bank in Ohio, and he retained this office until his death. In September, 1922, he directed the movement which resulted in the consolidation of the First National and the American National banks of Findlay, but his death occurred before the important merger was definitely consummated. The character of Mr. Kirk was the positive expression of a strong and noble nature, and he accounted well for himself in all of the relations of life. To his home and family he was the soul of devotion, and when he entered the home he laid aside the cares and perplexities of his business. From first to last he was a man of action, unremitting in his application to business, but never lacking in time to give counsel and assistance to those who applied to him in order to profit by his advice and mature judgment. He was a steadfast friend, and a loyal and liberal citizen—in short a man who fully merited the unqualified popular esteem in which he was held. He had no desire for special political activity or public office, but was staunch in his support of the cause of the republican party and gave loyal service as a member of the City Council of Findlay. In his native land he became a member of the United Presbyterian Church, and with the same he continued his earnest association after coming to the United States. In this connection it may consistently be noted that the large Bible which he brought with him from Scotland, and in which his name, address and occupation are inscribed, was valued highly by him and is now retained by his family as a treasured heirloom. At the time of the funeral of Mr. Kirk banks and other business houses at Findlay suspended business during the obsequies as a token of respect and honor to the deceased. From the columns of a local paper, is taken, with minor changes, the following estimate, published at the time of the death of Mr. Kirk. "He was a notable citizen of Findlay, came here from Akron and entered the milling business, and he so conducted his business affairs that he was held in high esteem by all who knew him.. He was strictly a business man, and was so recognized by all who knew him. So well did he conduct his business that people often sought his advice in connection with their business affairs. His word was his bond, and HISTORY OF OHIO - 455 he was so respected. He was a devoted husband, a kind father and a loyal neighbor and friend. He journeyed with honor along life 's pathway, and so lived that when the final summons came he was ready." February 28, 1872, recorded the marriage of Mr. Kirk and Miss Margaret Whyte, of Loch Galey, Fife-shire, Scotland, and her death occurred at Findlay, Ohio, August 12, 1884. Concerning the children of this union the following brief record is given: James S. died in 1890; Robert W. resides at Findlay; Minnie W. is the wife of A. 0. Stuart, of Youngstown; Maggie died in 1893; David, Jr., resides at Findlay, and with his older brother, is one of the principals of David Kirk Sons & Company; Bessie B. died in infancy, in 1884. In 1885 was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Kirk and Miss Mary Mathison, of Airdrie, Scotland, and she continues to maintain her home at Findlay. The children of this marriage are six in number: Charles T. is associated with the business developed by his father, the Eagle Roller Mills; Isabell is the wife of H. L. Spitler, Cleveland, Ohio; Jeannie is the wife of H. H. Robinson, of Detroit, Michigan; Hazel M. is the wife of B. F. Stephenson, of that city; Ellen M., is the wife of H. J. Denier, and they likewise reside in Detroit; and Harry resides at Findlay. LESTER G. SEYMOUR is a grower, buyer and ship- per of onions, 'with headquarters at Kenton. The Seymour family for three generations has been identified with a business handling grain and other agricultural products at Kenton. He represents the third generation in Kenton. The founder of the business was his grandfather, William Henry Seymour, who settled in Hardin County in 1850, and for many years was a merchant at Kenton. In 1872 he and his son, John B. Seymour, became grain commission merchants at Kenton. He finally retired from the business in 1893. For many years he was an elder in the Presbyterian Church. His wife, Eliza Bemis, was born in Ohio, daughter of Elijah Bemis. John B. Seymour, one of the four children of William H. Seymour, was born in Huron County, Ohio, January 2, 1849, was reared in Hardin County, where he attended the public schools at Patterson, and at the age of eighteen went to Chicago, being employed in a hardware establishment. Returning to Hardin County, he became associated with his father in the grain and produce business at Kenton, and gave his time and energies to that firm until the grain department of the business was sold in 1919. He died in 1920. The firm at one time operated two elevators, one at Kenton and the other at Foraker. At Foraker was started the business of the firm as buyers and shippers of onions. John B. Seymour married in 1872 Pauline Heym, who was born at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, April 21, 1851, daughter of J. Adam and Jane Heym. Her father was a soldier in the Civil war. John B. Seymour was employed in the hardware business of William Blair, Chicago, when the great fire of 1871 occurred. He was a republican in politics, and a member of all the York and Scottish Rite bodies of Masonry, and was an elder in the Presbyterian Church. Lester G. Seymour was born at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, February 24, 1891, and was reared in Kenton, attending the grammar and high schools there. He spent one year in Wooster University, and completed a business course at Kenton. He married Eleanor M. Zeis, of Kenton, widow of Dr. H. J. Zeis, and daughter of Daniel R. McArthur, who was a pioneer of Hardin County. Mrs. Seymour by her first husband has one son, Robert H. Zeis, now a sophomore in high school. The one child of Mr. and Mrs. Seymour is John L. Seymour. Mr. Seymour is affiliated with Lodge No. 154 of the Masonic Order, Scioto, Royal Arch Chapter, Kenton Council, Kenton Commandery of the Knights Templar, Toledo Consistory of the Scottish Rite and Aladdin Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Columbus. Mr. Seyniour served eighteen months with the colors during the World war, but was never assigned to overseas duty. He was commissioned a first lieutenant with the Three Hundred and Thirtieth Machine Gun Battalion. He is a republican, a member of the Elks, and is a past commander of Kenton Post of the American Legion. SIDNEY SPITZER is a native of Ohio and a member of a notable family who have figured prominently in banking and financial affairs for several generations. He was born near Medina, Ohio, February 15, 1875, and is the son of Aaron B. and Anna (Collins) Spitzer and grandson of Nicholas Spitzer. Aaron B. Spitzer was born near Schenectady, New York, in 1823 and for years was in the banking business of Ohio. He maintained a fine stock farm near Medina, Ohio. He died in Medina in 1892. Sidney Spitzer graduated from Medina High School in 1895 and as a youth manifested a strong inclination toward a financial career. He and his brother, Frank Spitzer, in 1897 organized the Citizens Savings Bank in Pemberville, Ohio, where he acted as its cashier until 1899 when he resigned his position to become associated with the banking house of Spitzer & Company of Toledo, Ohio, dealers in investment bonds. Subsequently he was made a general partner in the business where he took charge of the buying department of the business, which position he held until 1911. In 1912, following an extended tour abroad in which he visited the principal countries in the Far East, he established the banking house of Sidney Spitzer & Company, dealers in government, municipal and other high grade investment Vonds with branch offices located in New York, Chicago, Detroit, Columbus, Cincinnati, St. Louis, New Orleans, Dallas and Columbia, South Carolina. The firm did a national business, the volume of which ran into hundreds of millions of dollars. Mr. Spitzer is also a large owner of Toledo real estate, being one of the owners and the managing director of the seventeen-story Nicholas Building. He also holds under a long time lease the Gardner Building, another large office building. He is a director of the Commerce-Guardian Trust & Savings Bank and several other large industrial and financial institutions in the Middle West. Mr. Spitzer 's home, Horton Hall, is located at Perrysburg, Ohio, in Toledo 's. finest residential suburban district. It is not only one of the most beautiful homes in or about Toledo, but it is also historically interesting, since the central figure of the estate is a mansion which has been standing for more than a hundred years, and in which have been entertained as guests such great Americans as Daniel Webster, William Henry Harrison, Rutherford B. Hayes, William McKinley and Warren G. Harding. Mr. Spitzer is president of the Toledo Chapter of the American Archaeological Society, he is a trustee of the Toledo Museum of Art, a member of the Maumee Valley Pioneer and Historical Association, the Historical Society of North America, the Toledo Club, the Toledo Chamber of Commerce, Toledo Country Club, Toledo Automobile Club, Carranor Hunt & Polo Club, the Everglades Club of Palm Beach and the Bankers Club of New York. He is a republican in politics. His chief recreation is polo, in which he is an enthusiastic player, maintaining a string of fine polo ponies. Mr. Spitzer is also very fond of travel, spending a portion of each year in Europe. 456 - HISTORY OF OHIO Mr. Spitzer married in April, 1903, Alice Louise Horton of Adrian, Michigan, daughter of George B. Horton, who was a prominent figure in Michigan politics for over fifty years. Mrs. Spitzer is a graduate of the Adrian High School and also attended the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. They have one son, Sidney Horton Spitzer, born January 11, 1904. GEORGE HAYDEN MARSH. The late George Hayden Marsh, of Van Wert County, distinguished business man and benefactor, was born at Farmington, Connecticut, December 23, 1833, grandson of James Marsh and son of George Marsh. George Marsh was a clock maker by trade and made his first trip to Ohio selling clocks in 1833. From Athens, his first location, he moved to Dayton where he continued the manufacture of clocks. He invested in lands in Northwestern Ohio and was one of the three men who laid out the Town of Van Wert. In 1845, after a brief residence in Connecticut, he returned to Ohio and settled in Van Wert. George Hayden Marsh was twelve years old when his parents came to Van Wert, which was still a pioneer town. He was educated in the public schools there, attended the Ohio University at Athens and at the age of sixteen became asistant to a surveying corps. For a time he worked in the Gilbert clock factory in Connecticut and at the age of twenty-one became clerk to the master mechanic of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railway. After leaving the railroad, he engaged in farming and stock raising and for many years was prominently identified with the manufacture of cooperage supplies. He owned the Eagle Stave Works at Van Wert, Latty and Belmore, Ohio. Through this means, many thousands of acres of wooded lands in Northwestern Ohio were converted into fertile fields. Mr. Marsh was for a number of years president of the Lima Locomotive Company. At the time of his death, he was president of the First National Bank of Van Wert, one of the strongest banking institutions in this part of Ohio. He was a Freemason of long standing, having taken all of the York and Scottish Rites, including the thirty-second degree. Mr. Marsh left an estate valued at over $4,000,000. In his lifetime he used much of his wealth for the public good. He built and equipped the Van Wert County Hospital, one of the most complete in the State of Ohio, and also the Van Wert County Young Women's Christian Association Building, costing $125,000 each.. His will provided for the building and maintenance of a children's home and industrial school, to educate and train dependent children of Van Wert and adjoining counties. He died less than a year after his will was executed, whereupon, according to an Ohio law, this charitable provision became void. However, his only heir, Mrs. Katie Marsh Clymer, was completely in sympathy with the object of her father 's generosity, and she and Mr. Clymer have co-operated with the executors in carrying out his desires in every detail. Van Wert is deeply indebted not only to the late George H. Marsh, but to his father, George Marsh, who provided sites in pioneer times for the building of the original Van Wert Methodist and Presbyterian churches, and also donated land for a system of parks, which have contributed largely to the attractiveness of Van Wert. George H. Marsh, who died August 13, 1920, married Miss Hilinda Vance, November 26, 1862. She was born in Millersport, Ohio, June 13, 1844, and died September' 19, 1900. The inspiration of founding an institution for children originated with Mrs. Marsh. She was an ideal home-maker and her noble Christian character and charitable impulses were the best influences of her husband's life. Katie, the only child of. Mr. and Mrs. Marsh, was married to Arthur I. Clymer, April 25, 1888. Mr. Clymer for nineteen years was actively associated with Mr. Marsh in the management of his extensive business affairs. He and Mrs. Clymer are now living at the old Marsh homestead on East Ridge Road adjoining the 1,600-acre tract on which the buildings of the children's home and industrial school provided by the Marsh Foundation are located. Mr. Marsh named L. C. Morgan, H. L. Conn and O. W. Kerns as executors of his will. At settlement of the estate, they became trustees of the Marsh Foundation. Upon the death of Mr. Kerns, D. L. Brumback was appointed trustee in his stead. Mr. Morgan has given his entire time to the Foundation. The children's home and industrial school will be under the direction of Dr. R. R. Reeder, late of New York. The principal buildings, now aproaching completion, bespeak the importance of the Marsh Foundation, which will be one of the greatest benevolent institutions in the United States. Two supreme facts are outstanding in the life of George Hayden Marsh: his commercial genius, as attested by his ability to build up a fortune of millions in a town of 8,000—and his wisdom in devoting that fortune to the uplifting of humanity, through the watchful care of dependent children, together with their practical education, to the end that they and their succession might become law-abiding, useful citizens, our country 's greatest asset. CAPT. EDWIN LEWIS LYBARGER, aged eighty-four, a Civil war veteran and president of the Farmers & Merchants Bank of Warsaw, died at his home in that village June 27, 1924. During his more active days Mr. Lybarger was numbered among the distinguished citizens of Ohio because of his prominence in political and business circles. He was born in Wayne County, Ohio, September 29, 1840, the son of James T. Lybarger, who came to Ohio in 1808. When the Civil war broke out Edwin Lewis Lybarger was mustered into service in Company K of the Forty-third Ohio Valley Volunteer Infantry and served nearly four years, rising to the rank of captain. He first served under General Polk, then in the Army of the Tennessee, and later under General Sherman in his famous march to the sea. After the war he read law with the Hon. William R. Sapp at Mount Vernon for a short time, and then he entered business in Spring Mountain. For twenty years he was a director of the Commercial National Bank of Coshocton, and was president of the Warsaw Farmers & Merchants Bank at the time of his death. A republican in politics, he was chosen to represent his district in the State Legislature in 1875. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention which nominated Hayes in 1876, and to the one that nominated Blaine in 1884. Four years later he was defeated as a candidate for Congress. In 1896 Captain Lybarger was chosen commander of the Department of Ohio, Grand Army of the Republic. He served as trustee of the Girls' Industrial School at Delaware, and as a member of the State Board of Public Works from 1891 to 1897, and was a member of the commission which planned the construction of the State House at Columbus. For many years he was president of the State Board of Agriculture. Early in life he joined the Masonic Order, and in 1899 rose to the position of grand master of the Grand Lodge of Ohio. He was at one time trustee of the Masonic Home in Mansfield. He held membership in Warsaw Lodge No. 296, Free and Accepted HISTORY OF OHIO - 457 Masons, Samaritan Chapter No. 96, Royal Arch Masons; Coshocton Commandery, Knights Templars, and the Cincinnati Consistory of the Scottish Rites. He was also a member of Coshocton Lodge No. 376, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Loyal Legion and the Newton Stanton Post of the Grand Army of the Republic. His first wife was Saphrona Rogers, who died in 1881. In 1885 he was united in marriage with Nannie Moore, of Coshocton, who with one son, Harry S., of Coshocton, survives him. Besides his widow and son he is survived by four grandchildren. Captain Lybarger was a member of the Methodist Church at Spring Mountain, where he lived until 1867. CHARLES H. BULKLEY. For over a quarter of a century Charles H. Bulkley was one of the notable men of Cleveland, and for what he did for the civic improvement of that city his name will live in its annals. Mr. Bulkley was born at Williamstown, Massachusetts, on September 26, 1842, a son of Henry G. and Susan (Brown) Bulkley, of Massachusetts, and came from a long line of notable ancestry, beginning in this country with the Rev. Peter Bulkley, of England, who became the first Congregational minister at Concord, Massachusetts, and was the donor of the first library to Harvard College. From Massachusetts Henry G. Bulkley moved his family to near Albany, New York, thence to Kalamazoo, Michigan, where Charles H. was prepared for college. After almost two years in college he came to Cleveland, in 1861, and for a time read law. His natural inclinations were for a business rather than a professional life. However, he gave up the study of law to enter the real estate business, for which he was peculiarly fitted. However, his knowledge of law gained in the law office of one of the able attorneys of Cleveland proved of great value to him throughout his long and very successful business career. Later on he was, upon the recommendation of several prominent business men of Cleveland, selected by the United States Mortgage Company as its agent for Northern Ohio, and still later, William J. Gordon, long one of Cleveland 's leading and wealthy citizens, and a warm, personal friend of Mr. Bulkley, selected him as his trusted agent and advisor and, before he died, made him a trustee of his large estate. Mr. Bulkley was also a director in the old National Bank of Commerce and vice president of The Plain Dealer Company, publishers of the Cleveland daily paper of that name. It is with the park system of Cleveland that the name of Mr. Bulkley will always be most closely associated. Years before a park system for Cleveland had been inaugurated, or a park commission even thought of, the need of public parks was strongly impressed upon Mr. Bulkley and, realizing that at that time the city could by a modest expenditure acquire ground for the purpose which a few years later could not be had at any price, he began what from that time on was his life work—the development of Cleveland's park system. When the law placing the management of the public parks of Cleveland in the hands of a park commission was enacted, Mr. Bulkley was one of three men selected for membership of the commission which, at its first meeting, elected him president of the board, a position he continued to hold until his death, and it was as park commissioner that he was especially prominent during the last years of his life. At a great sacrifice of his time and to the detriment of his health he gave himself almost entirely to the work of perfecting the system of the parks of the city, and Cleveland 's magnificent parks and boulevards of the present day are due in a greater measure to Mr. Bulkley than to any other one man. Mr. Bulkley was a member of the first board of directors of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and a member of the Union Club, of which he served as treasurer from 1878 to 1888, and as president in 1888 and 1889. On December 9, 1874, Mr. Bulkley was united in marriage with Miss Roberta E. Johns, and to them were born two sons, Robert J. and Henry G. The death of Mr. Bulkley occurred on December 29, 1895, his widow surviving him until November 17, 1920. HON. ROBERT JOHNS BULKLEY. One of the men of Ohio who have won honor in public life, prominent in his profession and success in business is the Hon. Robert J. Bulkley, former member of Congress, attorney and banker of Cleveland. Mr. Bulkley was born in Cleveland,. on October 8, 1880, a son of the late Charles H. and Roberta (Johns) Bulkley. He was liberally educated, attending Brooks Military Institute, prepared for college at Cleveland University School, finished his college course and studied law at Harvard University, where he was graduated Bachelor of Arts in 1902, and received his Master of Arts degree in 1906. He was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1906, entered the practice of law in Cleveland, and has so continued, now as senior member of the law firm of Bulkley, Hauxhurst, Jamison & Sharp. Mr. Bulkley was elected as a democrat to represent the Twenty-first Ohio District in Congress in 1910, and was reelected in 1912, serving two full terms. While he was one of the younger members of Congress, Mr. Bulkley proved an able and progressive representative of his state and district and an influential member of the Ohio delegation in Washington. Probably his chief service in Congress was rendered as a member of the House committee on banking and currency. He participated in the enactment of what is now known as the "Federal Reserve Bank Act," he having been one of four members of the House who had charge of the bill in committee and on the floor. He was also chairman of the House sub-committee which, in collaboration with a similar Senate committee, prepared the original draft of the bill which later was enacted as the "Federal Farm Loan Act." Both of these laws have long since proved their value to the entire country. Upon the expiration of his second term in Congress, on March 4, 1913, Mr. Bulkley returned to Cleveland and to his profession and his business interests. During the World war period Mr. Bulkley served as chief of the legal section of the General Munitions Board of the National Council of Defense, beginning in April, 1917, and continued as chief of the legal section upon the reorganization of that board into the War Industries Board. He reorganized the legal department of the United States Shipping Board, Emergency Fleet Corporation, and served temporarily as its general counsel. Together with Brig.-Gen. Charles Keller, U. S. A., he served as personal representative of the secretary of war in the administration of Niagara Falls power, and in cooperation with Sir Henry Drayton, Canadian power commissioner, they controlled the output of Niagara power on both sides of the river. Following the close of the war Mr. Bulkley was responsible for editing a report for Benedict Crowell, of Cleveland, assistant secretary of war and director of munitions, which report was published in 1919 under the title of "America's Munitions." Mr. Bulkley has varied and important business interests in Cleveland. He has been president of the Morris Plan Bank of Cleveland since its organization in 1916; he is president of the Bulkley Building Company and president of the Cleveland Land & Securities Company. He is a member of the board of trustees of Cleveland University School, and a member of the following clubs: City (president in 1924), 458 - HISTORY OF OHIO Union, Athletic, University, Hermit, Tavern, Mid-Day, Kirtland and Country, all of Cleveland, and of the Harvard Club of New York. On February 17, 1909, Mr. Bulkley married Katharine Pope, of Helena, Montana, and to them have been born two sons and a daughter : Robert Johns, Jr., William Pope, and Katharine. HON. LAWRENCE GILL COLLISTER. Among the men of Ohio who have won prestige in their profession, success in business and distinction and honor in public life is the Hon. Lawrence G. Collister, of Cleveland, who was born in that city on October 4, 1893, and is descended from one of the old and well-known families of this state. His parents, Caesar C. and Ellen (Gill) Collister; were born and married on the Isle of Man, England, came to this country following the close of our Civil war, and settled in Brooklyn, Cuyahoga County, which is now a part of the City of Cleveland. Lawrence G. Collister was graduated from high school in 1912, and at a later period engaged in promotion work for four years, traveling out of New York City and covering thirty of our states and portions of Old Mexico. He then took up the study of law, completed the law course at the University of West Virginia, and in 1920 was graduated, Bachelor of Laws, from Baldwin-Wallace University of Ohio, later receiving the Master of Arts degree from Ohio Northern University. He was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1920, and in that year entered practice in Cleveland, and has since continued, now as a member of the firm of Collister, Lemmon & Brueckner. Aside from his profession Mr. Collister has large and important business interests, including those of banking and real estate, and also is actively identified with a number of civic and business organizations. He is vice president of the Lincoln Savings & Loan Company, vice president of the County Mortgage Company, director in the Harvard Savings & Loan Company, president of the Business-Site Leasehold Company, and president of Old Chippewa (Inc.) Company; and is a director of the West Twenty-fifth Street Business Men's Association, director of the Southwestern Civic and Business Men's Association, and a member of the Cleveland Industrial Association and other kindred organizations. While Mr. Collister has gained prominence in professional and business affairs in his home city, it has been in the domain of public life that lie has achieved statewide distinction and honor. He began his public career in 1922 with his election as a member of the Ohio State Senate. In that year he entered the republican primaries of Cuyahoga County as a candidate, and received the third largest vote in a field of twenty-four candidates; and at the ensuing general election he held a similar position in a field of twelve candidates. In the primaries of 1924 he was renominated for reelection to the Senate, running third in a field of twenty-three candidates, and fourth in a field of twelve candidates at the general election. As a member of the Eighty-fifth General Assembly, Senator Collister early took rank as one of the leaders of the Senate, both on the floor and in the committee room, and his record of achievement in that session is as follows: He was co-author of the Collister-Freeman Act, regulating motor-bus and motor-truck agencies acting as common carriers, which measure was termed by party leaders in general as the most constructive and important piece of legislation enacted at that session, and which received and is still receiving more newspaper recognition than any other state law of recent years, and is claimed to be the most progressive and thorough measure of its kind ever adopted by any state. He was author of the Collister Judicial Council Bill, providing for the creation of a commission for the purpose of clarifying, unifying and re-vamping the judicial system of the state, said commission to be composed of the chief justice of the State Supreme Court, presidents of the Court of Appeals, Judges' Association, Probate Judges' Association and Municipal Judges ' Association, and three representative attorneys selected by the governor. The bill was passed, vetoed by the governor, and passed over the veto, and the law is now in effect. He was co-author of the King-Collister Act, providing for the regulation of building and loan companies, which law has driven out of that business the unscrupulous promoter and provides protection for a thrift industry that finances 75 per cent of the new homes constructed in the state each year. As author of the Carbon Monoxide Bill he made the first filibuster ever staged in the Ohio General Assembly, talking four and a half hours against strong-arm methods and gag rule of the majority leaders, and was partially successful in securing consideration of the measure, which provided that gas heating appliances should have a vent or flue which, it was claimed, would tend to reduce the toll of 100 or more deaths which occur in the state each winter from carbon monoxide gas generated by gas heating appliances without flues or vents. He was co-author of the measure which gave county commissioners of large metropolitan counties of the state authority to build water and sanitary sewer lines throughout the entire county, so that people living outside the city areas might have these conveniences, which bill was passed, vetoed by the governor, and passed over the veto. He secured the passage of the law relating to annexation of suburbs by cities, also secured the passage of the measure giving Common Pleas judges greater rights in the matter of paroling prisoners, and was also active in support of the measure giving ten Municipal judges to the City of Cleveland. He introduced the following bills which failed of passage: A bill to regulate the coroner 's office; an anti-revolver and pistol bill; a tax exemption on new homes measure, and a county home rule or city-county merger. The governor vetoed some seventy-five proposed laws, and of the five of those vetoed that were passed over the veto three carried Senator Collister 's name as author. During the Eighty-fifth General Assembly Senator Collister served as chairman of the Senate committee on building and loans, and as a member of the committees on judiciary, military affairs and colleges and universities. The achievements of Senator Collister in the Eighty-fifth General Assembly, together with personal popularity and characteristics, gained instant leadership for him in the Eighty-sixth General Assembly, and at the organization of the Senate in January, 1925, he was offered by his colleagues the office of pro tern, which carried with it the floor leadership of the Senate and, while his election was assured, illness at the time caused him to decline the honor and its responsibilities. However, he was offered and accepted chairmanship of the most important committee of the Senate—the auto-motive committee, which handles all motor legislation—also chairmanship of the committee on building and loan associations, and membership on the committees on finance, public utilities, judiciary, manufactures and commerce, military affairs and colleges and universities. Senator Collister 's achievements in the Eighty-sixth General Assembly may be summarized as follows: Co-author of the Collister-Krueger Bill, which amended the original Collister-Freeman Bill, providing for home rule for cities in matters of local transportation problems, which was the first measure passed during that session. He introduced the Collister Operator's License Bill, providing for examination and licensing of auto drivers, and also introduced the Collister County Home Rule Bill, providing HISTORY OF OHIO - 459 all forms of government in a county which might be merged into one metropolitan county-wide form of government. Senator Collister was a member of the executive committee that brought the National Republican Convention of 1924 to Cleveland, and was a member of the State Speakers' Organization of Ohio in the Coolidge-Dawes campaign for President of that year. During the World war Senator Collister served as secretary of the Cleveland Ordnance District Board, which board had jurisdiction of all of Ohio. Later he was commissioned first lieutenant in the Chemical Warfare Service, and served with that rank until the close of the war, following which he was appointed a member of the Cleveland Salvage Board, and served as such until in 1919. Senator Collister is a member of the Cleveland and Ohio State Bar associations, and of the following Masonic bodies: Elbrook Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons (a charter member) ; Cleveland Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Cleveland Council, Royal and Select Masters; Oriental Commandery, Knights Templar; Al Koran Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, and Cleveland Lodge of Perfection, Scottish Rite (thirty-second degree). He is also a member of the Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias orders, of Lake Erie Post, American Legion, and of Delta Theta Phi (college law fraternity). WILLIAM H. HOUGHTON. Handicapped by almost total deafness and a meager education, William H. Houghton, one of Marion's foremost business men and head of the Houghton Manufacturing Company, the world's largest sulky works, fought his way from poverty to wealth and esteem and has earned for himself the title, "Marion's most successful commonsense business man." In the uphill fight that Mr. Houghton waged there is a similarity to the struggles of all of America's really great men. It might be said that his biographical sketch reads like that of the immortal Lincoln. Born in Wayne County, Ohio, November 17, 1864, Houghton had little opportunity to go to school. Before he had reached the age of ten years he was forced into hard work, and after his tenth year was hired out on a farm for his board and clothes. During the time he was earning his board and clothing by doing the work of a man and all the tiresome chores required of the farm youth he encountered many interesting as well as many bitter experiences. Among his bitter experiences he recalls most vividly a thrashing he received along the roadside at the hand of his employer. He was flogged for no reason at all. A neighbor, hearing his cries, forced his employer to quit whipping the boy. At the age of eleven years young Houghton was not only doing all the chores around the place, plowing corn and doing all that a boy his age is expected to do, but he was in the field taking his turns with grown up men. Before he was twelve years of age he had plowed a twelve-acre field recently cleared of timber and stumps. After three years of farm work he was bound out to a home endowed for poor children, near Massillon, Ohio, where by agreement he remained four years. A large 400-acre farm on which the home was located afforded the youths of the home ample opportunity to learn every phase of farming. However, the opportunity for a common school education was exceedingly slim, classes being held but a few hours in the afternoon only. The remainder of the day the children helped with the work. The school term started in November and closed the following March. At the age of sixteen years young Houghton left the home. His leaving the school marked the end of the little education on which he relied in his many business ventures. This common school education was improved by attending night school two nights a week one winter in Columbus. Young Houghton showed his ability to shoulder responsibility and inspire confidence in those associated with him at the children's home when the superintendent assigned most of the responsible work to him. He cared for six head of horses, ran errands of importance to Massillon and Canton for the superintendent's family, sowed wheat and grain with a drill, and drove the mower and reaper. Like Douglas the showman and other great industrial leaders who were raised on the farm, he warmed his bare feet during the heavy November frosts by standing on the ground where a cow or horse had been lying. Up to his sixteenth birthday young Houghton had never worn underclothes, much less an overcoat. He recalls with keen interest an interesting ride to the old home at Dalton, nine miles from Massillon, on a pony, while at the home, and says it reminds him of the late President Harding's first trip to Marion from Caledonia, Ohio, on a donkey. Immediately following the time he left this children's home he hired out on a farm at $14 per month, which wages at that time were exceptionally good for farm hands. Soon, however, he decided that he wanted to learn some trade. During that summer President Garfield was assassinated. He was apprenticed to the carpenter trade (Lewis & Kosier, Dalton, Ohio, contractors) at 50 cents a day, boarding himself, working in hay and the harvest fields during the harvest season to earn extra money, and finally quit this, and the following year, 1883, secured work in the planing mill and lumber yards at Dalton, Ohio. In 1885, when twenty-one years old, he accepted a position to superintend the manufacturing of all mill work, frames, sash, doors, scrolls, etc., for the first buildings on the present Ohio state fair grounds, Columbus, Ohio, which were to be erected and completed in time for the first state fair in August, 1886. A few of these buildings are still standing. He immediately seized this opportunity to attend night school. While in Columbus he walked four miles to and from school after a strenuous day's work. The same year after completion of the work on the state fair grounds he returned to Dalton, borrowed the money and bought a half partnership in the Dalton Lumber and Planing Mill, contracting for the building of churches, schoolhouses, farm homes, and barns in the town and surrounding country. Three years later, in the fall of 1889, he married Clara I. Schultz, daughter of the late Martin and Catherine Schultz of Dalton, Ohio. The following spring he sacrificed his planing mill interests and invested the entire proceeds, about $600, in a carload of doors, windows and mill work, purchased from A. Teachout and Company, Columbus, Ohio. He shipped this to Harriman, Tennessee, then a "boom" town just born. (Now having a population of 5,000.) He, being one of Harriman's pioneers, immediately organized the Cumberland Manufacturing Company, making doors, sashes, and mill work. He took a long chance but the business proved successful, and he saved about $4,000 while in Harriman. In the spring of 1893 he returned to Dalton, because of his father-in-law's failing health, adding his entire savings he reorganized the business of manufacturing the Schultz farm wagons, and soon thereafter added to this the building of, circus wagons for some of the largest circuses in the United States, including Barnum and Bailey. This business flourished until the spring of 1895, when fire destroyed the entire plant, with little insurance on the buildings owned by Mr._ Schultz and none on the stock. Mr. Houghton lost all—everything he had. Without funds to rebuild, he decided to locate else- 460 - HISTORY OF OHIO where and moved to Marion, Ohio, in October of that year, accepting a position as superintendent of the National Wagon Company, manufacturing delivery wagons. One year later he resigned his position and leased of the late T. J. McMurray the McMurray-Fisher Sulky Company shop, then standing idle, and started the Houghton Buggy Company, prospering from the start. Six months later he and T. J. McMurray formed a partnership to reestablish the old sulky business, continuing with it the new buggy business already started both under Mr. Houghton's management. During this time Mr. Houghton designed and built the first McMurray pneumatic tire cart and sulky. In 1901 the business was separated, becoming two different corporations one the McMurray Sulky Company the other the Houghton-Merkel Company, Mr. Houghton being president of both companies and managing the sulky business. Then he arranged with C. E. Merkel, York, Nebraska, a cousin, to locate in Marion and assume management of the buggy and implement business, already well established. In a few years he sold his interest in this company which changed name and soon discontinued. In the fall of 1903, being alarmed about his health and hearing, he sold his interests in the McMurray Sulky Company, retaining other interests, and with his family spent the winter months in California in view of permanently locating there, but returned to Marion in the spring of 1904 and again embarked in the manufacturing business, forming the Houghton Manufacturing Company, of which he is still president. The present plant, near the business center of Marion is equipped with the latest improved machinery and modern manufacturers' facilities, employing many skilled workmen. Today the establishment is the largest concern of its kind in the world, with an international reputation, making shipments to praetically every civilized country. Aside from the manufacture of sulkies, carts and accessories, the Houghton Manufacturing Company also manufactures console phonograph and radio cabinets. Centrally located, the company is exceptionally convenient for access to the factory. Mr. Houghton's business ability can best be judged from the fact that when he assumed charge of the Dalton factory manufacturing farm and circus wagons they employed but four men at first, but increased the number to thirty men when fire destroyed the factory, and in connection with the new business he established when in Marion he also reestablished a sulky business that had discontinued and made good, he assisted in establishing a savings bank, and organized and is successfully operating his present business. Another striking illustration is when he staked every cent on a car load of manufactured lumber, shipped it down South, a new country to him, and quickly sold every splinter of it, and at the same time started a new company. Mr. Houghton was for many years president of the Marion Savings Bank, one of the best banks in Marion. He not only held this position for twelve years but was one of the original organizers. Mr. and Mrs. Houghton have three children, Ellis M., now a realtor in Cleveland ; Helen Kathryn, now Mrs. Frank Foster, wife of the secretary and sales manager of the Houghton Sulky company, and Dorothy A., a teacher in the Marion public schools. They own an attractive home at 740 East Church Street. Politically Mr. Houghton is a republican, and fraternally he is an Odd Fellow, Knight of Pythias and Elk, also a member of the Marion Chamber of Commerce and the Young Men's Christian Association. MAJ. JAMES ELLIOTT HALL, now a resident of Columbus, is a native of Pickaway County, where his great-great-grandfather, Anthony Hall, Sr., was the third permanent white settler. The branch of the Hall family from which Major Hall descended was established in the Colony of Virginia about 1720, by William Hall, an English gentleman of Saxon descent. The estate of William Hall was located in Frederick County, Virginia, now Jefferson County, West Virginia, near Hall Town. Anthony Hall, Sr., the Ohio pioneer, was a son of William Hall, of Virginia. The first two white settlers in Jackson Township, Pickaway County, Ohio, were Jonathan Renick and William Marquis, both of whom came from the western part of old Virginia. Anthony Hall, Sr., arrived in 1798, soon after the first two, and settled on the north bank of Darby Creek, about three miles from its mouth, on the land now owned by Maj.-Gen. George R. Florence. Later he bought, from Marquis, a log gristmill and a sawmill. These mills were known as Hall 's Mills and were operated by Anthony Hall, Sr., until his death, which occurred May 30, 1825, in his eighty-fourth year. Anthony Hall, Sr.'s, wife was Rachel Simpson, a relative of the maternal grandfather of Gen. U. S. Grant. She died in 1823. They were the parents of eleven children, all born in Virginia. Three of the sons were soldiers in the War of 1812; and a descendant of James, one of these soldier sons, is the wife of Charles H. Lewis, the present lieutenant-governor of Ohio. Anthony Hall, Jr., fifth child of Anthony Hall, Sr., was born on the old William Hall estate in Virginia and came to Pickaway County, Ohio, with his parents about the close of the eighteenth century. Subsequently he became a pioneer in Allen County, Ohio, where he entered land in 1830. He died about 1873, at a very advanced age. On April 29, 1806, he married Mary Ward, daughter of Joseph Ward, a soldier of the Revolutionary war and another pioneer in Allen County. Anthony Hall, Jr., and wife were the parents of eleven children. The only one of these children to remain in Pick-away County was Henry Vanmeter Hall. He was born February 12, 1809, the same day as Abraham Lincoln, and died April 28, 1886. He married Rebecca Ward, born November 13, 1808, and died June 12, 1875. They were the parents of three children, the two daughters, Sara Jane and Nancy A., both dying in early girlhood. The son of Henry Vanmeter Hall was Joseph Hall. He was born at the Hall homestead in Jackson Township, Pickaway County, February 12, 1847, and was educated in local schools and the Bloomingburg Academy at Bloomingburg, Fayette County. He was a fine penman, a thing much admired in those days, until he suffered an accidental injury to his wrist. He served as trustee of Jackson Township for a number of years, and at one time was candidate for the office of county clerk. Joseph Hall married Mary Elizabeth McCollister, born August 27, 1853, youngest child of Nelson and Elizabeth S. (Thompson) McCollister. They were married at the McCollister home farm in Wayne Township, March 17, 1880. Mrs. Joseph . Hall now resides at Columbus, making her home with her son, Major Hall. After their marriage Joseph Hall and his bride established themselves at "Maplewood Farm," nearby. They lived there twenty-two years. Their two children were born at Maplewood, the older, a daughter, Rosamond McCollister Hall, dying at the age of a little more than four months. Joseph Hall in 1902 acquired the old Virginia colonial estate, "Terrace View," in Bedford County, Virginia, near Bellevue. There with his son, Major Hall, under the firm name of Jos. Hall & Son, he engaged in the business of breeding pure bred live stock, Short Horn cattle, Poland China swine and horses. For several years the show stable of this firm was well known, and included several noted blue HISTORY OF OHIO - 461 ribbon winners and champions, including the champion pair of roadsters, Witch Hazel and Queeniek, Champion Gay Girl, Lady Madison, Virginia Maid, Besse Burns, Bobby Burns, Jr., and others. Joseph Hall is remembered as a quiet, soft spoken retiring gentleman of the old school, a model of kindly patience, considerate character and of unflinching honor and integrity. Aside from the constant inspiration of his daily life, and the example of worthy manhood he set before the world, the precept which has meant most to his son was the advice once given Major Hall, "Do your duty, as you see it and understand it, without fear of the opinion of others." In November, 1910, Joseph Hall and his wife moved from Terrace View to Lynchburg, Virginia, and early in 1911 to Roanoke, where his death occurred March 30, 1916. Maj. James Elliott Hall, only son of Joseph and Mary Elizabeth (McCollister) Hall, was born at "Maplewood," in Wayne Township, Piekaway County, about five miles west of Circleville, May 28, 1883. He entered district school a few months before he was six years of age, knowing already how to read and write. Later he attended the grammar schools of Circleville and the Everts High School, now the Circleville High School. During 1897 and 1898 he was a cadet at the New York Military Academy, Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York. After his return to Circleville he reorganized the Everts High School Cadet Corps and was its commandant. He also took a special course in the Ohio Northern University at Ada, and throughout his mature career Major Hall has been a diligent student, especially along scientific lines. Besides the opportunities offered him by his business interests he has read and studied widely in agriculture and animal husbandry and in geology, the latter with particular reference to coal and petroleum. His library on geology and coal is said to be one of the best in the country, including many rare volumes, several being the only copies known in the United States. Major Hall was actively associated for about eight. years with the live stock breeding establishment of his father at Bellevue, Virginia. During this period he contributed a series of sixteen articles to "Sports of the Times" one of which, ten years later, resulted in the founding of the American Horse Show Association. In 1908, though only twenty-five years of age, he was appointed a delegate by Governor Claude A. Swanson to represent Virginia at the Farmers National Congress. In 1910 Major Hall went to Bluefield, West Virginia, where he promoted an artificial gas plant, a half million dollar project, which he carried out successfully and which is still in operation, a subsidiary of the Southern Gas & Electric Corporation of Baltimore. Then, in partnership with his lifelong friend, Thomas M. Morrison, a mining engineer, he organized the Appalachian Coal Land Company, dealing in coal lands and coal mines in West Virginia, Virginia and Kentucky. He was general manager and, after the retirement of Robert S. Ord, became president of the company. On July 31, 1914, just at the outbreak of the World war, Mr. Hall purchased the coal mines and leases of the Raven Fuel Company in Tazewell County, Virginia, and succeeded in financing the Raven Collieries Company in spite of the near panic condition caused by the closing of the New York Stock Exchange during the first months of the World war. He became vice president and subsequently was elected president of this company. He also acted as sales manager, handling the business under a policy of selling largely on "spot" orders rather than tying up the output under a long time contract. A majority of the directors of the company became opposed to this policy, and in February, 1917, the directors failed to reelect Mr. Hall as president and entered into a contract which for a period of two years sold the output of the mines at a price of $1.12 1/2 net per ton. Within a few months the United States entered the war, and coal of the same grade soon sold for $8.50 per ton on the open market. During the period 1910 to 1918, inclusive, Major Hall had extensive dealings in coal lands in Kentucky and West Virginia, and still retains holdings in both states. It has long been an ambition with him to form and operate a large coal corporation. Early in 1918, at the suggestion of his friend, Frederick W. Braggins, he located at Columbus, Ohio, and upon being offered a commission as captain in the Quartermaster Corps, immediately volunteered his services to the Government. On September 30, 1918, he entered upon his duties in the fuel and forage division office of the quartermaster general, Munitions Building, Washington, D. C., under Maj. George Paul, later being transferred to the raw materials division, purchase, storage and traffic division, the general staff, continuing until May 15, 1919. He was commissioned a major, Quartermasters Reserve Corps, March 27, 1919, in recognition of the able and efficient manner in which he accomplished the discharge of the duties assigned him. His duties consisted of procuring the fuel, including anthracite and bituminous coal, coke and wood for all the army camps, posts, stations and hospitals in the northeastern, eastern and central army departments, covering some thirty-eight states and involving about 90 per cent of the fuel required by the army and for the army transport service. His fuel authorization for the winter 1918-19 amounted to nearly twenty-two million dollars. In addition he was acting personnel officer for his division several months. He also assisted Hon. Benedict Crowell, the assistant secretary of war, in writing his famous book, "America's Munitions, 1917-1918," preparing the chapters on fuel, oils and paints. He also prepared a considerable portion of the material for the Army War College, relating to the history of fuel and forage division and its successors, the raw material division, purchase, storage and traffic division, the general staff. After May 15, 1919, on retiring from active government service, Major Hall engaged in the oil business in Texas during the great oil boom in that state. He made some large profits in this connection, and still has interests in the petroleum field as well as in coal. Major Hall on November 17, 1920, married Miss Norma Louise Reif. She was born at Hyde Park, Cincinnati, July 6, 1896, only daughter of Frederick Ulmer and Katherine (Kevill) Reif, and a descendant of the Reifs, Flemings, Kleinmans, Flinehpaughs and Sehmidlaps of Cincinnati and Pennsylvania. Major and Mrs. Hall were blessed with one child, Gloria Anne Hall, born on April 3, 1922. God called their fair blossom home February 8, 1924. LINDA ANNE EASTMAN. Linda Anne Eastman is librarian of the Cleveland Public Library and is a former president of the Ohio Library Association. She was born in the college community of Oberlin. Ohio, in 1867, daughter of William Harvey and Sarah (Redrup) Eastman. Her father and her mother's ancestry were English. Roger Eastman, from whom her paternal grandfather was a direct descendant, came to America in 1638. However, her first American ancestors, from her paternal grandmother was a direct descendant, was the famous Capt. Miles Standish. Miss Eastman was educated in the public schools of Cleveland and under private' tutors, and from 1885 to 1892 was a teacher in public schools in West Cleveland and Cleveland. In 1892 she became an assistant in the Cleveland Public Library, and her training, 462 - HISTORY OF OHIO study and natural qualifications have since made her a prominent figure in the profession of librarian. In 1895 she went to Dayton as assistant librarian and cataloguer in the public library, remaining there during 1895-96. In the latter year she returned to the Cleveland Public Library, serving as vice librarian from 1896 to 1918, and since December, 1918, as librarian. She was elected president for the term 1903-04 of the Ohio Library Association, of which she is a charter member. Miss Eastman is assistant professor in the library school of Western Reserve University. In the American Library Association she has been 9. member of the council since 1905, was on the executive 'board in 1911, and in 1917 served as president. She is a member of the New York Library Association, the American Library Institute, is a charter member and director and was first vice president in 1920 of the Women's City Club of Cleveland; is a member and in 1921-23 was second vice president of the Cleveland Welfare Federation. Miss Eastman has rendered service as a member of various educational and philanthropic boards, has been a contributor to library periodicals, and during 1900-01 was literary editor of the Little Chronicle of Cleveland. Her home is at 1868 E. 82nd Street, Cleveland. HON. MELL G. UNDERWOOD was born at Rose Farm, Morgan County, Ohio, January 30, 1892, son of James G. and Sarah E. (Newlon) Underwood. His grandparents were early pioneer settlers of Perry County. For many years his grandfather, Elder William Newlon, a primitive Baptist preacher and farmer, was well and favorably known as one of the famous circuit rider ministers of Southeastern Ohio. His ancestors on his mother's side were affiliated with the Primitive Baptist Church while those of his father were Methodists. James G. Underwood spent practically his entire life in Perry County. For many years he was engaged in farming and various business activities at Corning. and New Lexington, Ohio. He was one of the charter members of James A. Garfield Lodge, Knights of Pythias, Corning, Ohio, and retained his membership in that lodge until his death. Mell G. Underwood's early manhood was spent upon the farm. He followed the usual life of the farmer boy. After completing his rural school education he attended the New Lexington High School and was graduated with highest honors in the class of 1911. While a high school student he had an ambition to become a lawyer and before his graduation was registered for the study of law with Colonel Tom 0. Crossan. After completing his high school work Mr. Underwood taught in the rural schools of Pike Township and at the same time ardently pursued the study of his chosen profession. There were eight children in the Underwood family: Roy, Forest, Granville, Jesse, Margaret, Mell G., Ralph and Bryan, the last two serving in the late World war conflict, the youngest, Bryan, giving his last full measure of devotion for his country by reason of disabilities incurred in the service. Mell G. Underwood's parents were not financially able to give him the benefit of a college education, but this did not deter him. By means of money earned in the teaching profession and as a laborer upon public works, he was able to attend Ohio State University Law School and later admitted to the bar. He began the practice of law in New Lexington, Ohio, and in 1916 was elected prosecuting attorney of Perry County, being the youngest prosecutor in the State of Ohio at that time. He served with distinction and credit in that important office and was reelected for a second term in 1918 by an overwhelming majority of 1,900 votes. Perry County was normally 2,000 Republican but he succeeded in carrying it for his first term by 1,200 votes, which majority was increased in his second race for this office. After retiring with an enviable record he again resumed the practice of law in New Lexington, Ohio. He was a candidate for Congress in the election of 1920 and defeated Judge George H. Pontius of Circleville, Pickaway County, for the Democratic nomination. In the general election of that year he was defeated for Congress by Edwin D. Ricketts, Republican, of Logan, Ohio. That was the year in which the Republican landslide occurred, and although defeated, Mr. Underwood made a marvelous race, being second closest to election among the twenty-two Democratic candidates in the entire State of Ohio, being defeated by a narrow margin. In 1922 he was again nominated for Congress on the Democratic ticket, winning out in the primary election in a field of six candidates. Again he faced the same opponent in the general election and was elected to the Congress of the United States by a majority of approximately 2,400 votes. He served in the Sixty-eighth Congress and was reelected to the Sixty-ninth Congress in November, 1924, by the largest majority ever given a candidate for Congress on either ticket from the Eleventh Congressional District. His majority was approximately 11,500 votes. He always had the reputation of being a tireless worker and a fighter. He numbered his friends by the legion and among all classes, and was always glad to extend a helping hand to a needy friend, yet practicing charity and justice toward his foes. He was a Knight Templar and a member of all the Masonic bodies at New Lexington, Ohio, also a Shriner, an Elk and Knight of Pythias. In the "month of roses," 1915, he married Flora E. Lewis, daughter of V. C. and Hallie Lewis of Cadiz, Harrison County, Ohio. Miss Lewis was a graduate of the Cadiz High School, attended Ohio University and taught in the public schools of Harrison County. They had two children: Mell G., Jr., and Max Lewis Underwood. The life and work of Mell G. Underwood is an enviable example of achievement accomplished by hard work, studious effort and an innate desire to overcome the obstacles and difficulties along life's pathway. HARRY MICAJAH DAUGHERTY, former attorney -general of the United States and long prominent in republican party affairs in Ohio, and in the legal profession, was born at Washington Court House, Ohio, January 26, 1860, son of John H. and Jane A. (Draper) Daugherty. His father was a native of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and died when his son, Harry M., was four years of age. The latter grew up at Washington Court House, attended common schools there and in 1881 graduated in law at the University of Michigan with Bachelor of Laws degrees. Admitted to the Ohio bar at the age of twenty-one, he engaged in private practice, forming in 1881 a partnership of Daugherty & Gregg. In 1890 he became associated with Col. H. B. Maynard, after whose appointment as common pleas judge, a partnership was formed between Mr. Daugherty and Hon. D. I. Worthington. In 1893 Mr. Daugherty located in Columbus, Ohio, opening a law office there, but retaining his connection with the partnership in Washington Court House. After Judge Worthington's elevation to the bench, Mr. Daugherty practiced law alone in Columbus, but eventually formed a partnership of Daugherty, Todd & Rarey, of which firm he was senior member until his appointment as attorney general in the cabinet of President Harding. Mr. Daugherty's active participation in polities was practically coincident with his professional career. HISTORY OF OHIO - 463 His first public office, to which he was elected in 1882, was that of township clerk at Washington Court House, soon followed by election as councilman-at-large. He was defeated for the republican nomination for Congress in 1888 by three votes. A year later he was elected to the General Assembly of Ohio, where he served on the committee on the judiciary and corporations. He was reelected in 1891 and made permanent chairman of the Republican House caucus. He was chairman of the caucus of 1892 that decided the speakership contest upon which turned the ForakerSherman struggle for the United States senatorship from Ohio. In 1893 he was temporary chairman of the state convention which nominated McKinley for governor of Ohio. From that time forward he exerted a strong influence in his party in the state. In 1912 Mr. Daugherty was chairman of the state executive committee and managed the Taft presidential campaign in Ohio. In this service he incurred the bitter enmity of the progressives by forcing Roosevelt followers off all state, district and local committees. In doing so he took the position, in which he was upheld by the Supreme Court, that a candidate could not run on two tickets. In 1916 he sought the nomination for United States senator and was defeated by Myron T. Herrick. He was a delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1904, 1908, 1912 and 1924, being a delegate-at-large in the latter two. Throughout his political career Mr. Daugherty has enjoyed the association and confidence of many noted men in public life, and in recognition of his ability at the bar two presidents proffered him appointment on the Federal bench, but in each instance the honor was declined. In 1920 Mr. Daugherty managed the pre-primary campaign of Warren G. Harding, republican candidate for president, and after the nomination of Mr. Harding took a prominent part in the campaign for his election. Following the election, Mr. Harding appointed Mr. Daugherty attorney general in his cabinet. Mr. Daugherty served as attorney general of the United States from March 4, 1921, until March 28, 1924, when he resigned and returned to the private practice of law in Columbus, Ohio. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, has fraternal connections with the Masons, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and is a member of the Athletic Club, Columbus Club, the Scioto Country Club at Columbus; the Ohio Society of New York, Ohio Society of Washington, the Metropolitan Club and Chevy Chase Club of Washington, and the National Press Club: Mr. Daugherty married September 3, 1884, Miss Lucy M. Walker (deceased), daughter of Anthony B. Walker of Wellston Ohio. He has a daughter, Emily B. wife of Ralph F. Rarey, a former law partner B., Mr. Daugherty, and a son, Draper M. Daugherty. Mr. Daugherty will long be a memorable figure in the history of party politics. To his fortune or misfortune, upon him centered the storm of partisan and factional criticism directed against the Harding administration as a whole. In bearing the brunt of this attack he rendered his party a great service, but this service should not be allowed to obscure the main facts of his record in one of the most important of cabinet posts. His administration of the Department of Justice was marked, from the very beginning, by criticism on the part of members of Congress. With the conclusion of the World war the question of profiteering and gross frauds growing out of the war engaged the attention and was the subject of discussion by Congress and the press of the country, and finally an inquiry into war transactions was demanded. At the request of Attorney General Daugherty, Congress voted a fund of $500,000 for this purpose. Here Mr. Daugherty's genius for organization asserted itself and in an incredibly short time he organized and had under way for the prosecution of civil and criminal actions growing out of war transactions a separate branch of the Department of Justice, known as the War Transactions Section. He employed, as special assistants, distinguished lawyers and ex-judges who sacrificed their time to render a patriotic service to their country. In February, 1924, Attorney General Daugherty made an exhaustive report to President Coolidge, and shortly thereafter to the Congress, of the activities of the War Transactions Section from July 1, 1922, to February 4, 1924, which showed the collection of over $6,000,000 paid into the United States treasury, with claims in process of consummation aggregating nearly $5,000,000, which would shortly make a total recovery to the Government of more than $10,000,000 at an expense of $1,000,000, with all the work of organization and preliminary legal study and investigation completed. In addition, his report showed that he had instituted suits on behalf of the Government to recover over $100,000,000 in the aggregate, and suits to resist additional fraudulent claims against the Government involving approximately $100,000,000. As this work progressed and the results became public, the attorney general continued to be the subject of criticism and attack throughout the country on the part of corporations and individuals whose transactions were being inquired into by the Government. In 1922 two strikes of large proportions occurred simultaneously in the United States, that of the coal miners and the railroad shop men. In the latter strike the situation became so grave that the attorney general felt the necessity of taking action in behalf of the Government, and accordingly brought suit against the Railroad Employees' Department of the American Federation of Labor in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois to enjoin the striking shop men and those aiding them from interfering with inter-state commerce and the transportation of the mails. He personally appeared before the Federal Court in Chicago and presented an application for an injunction. A temporary restraining order was granted on September 1, 1922, and upon hearing the case, the court, on July 12, 1923, entered a final decree which ended the strike in thirty-six hours. The strength and effectiveness of the several injunctions decrees are not only a complete vindication of the use by the Government of the civil process of the courts to quell lawless disorders but establishes the principle that the general public has the paramount interest and the right to protection by law from loss and violence incident to industrial disputes. Shortly thereafter, on September 11, 1922, the continued antagonism to the attorney general culminated in the filing of impeachment charges by Oscar E. Keller of Minnesota, a radical in the House of Representatives. Testimony was taken before the House Committee on the Judiciary, witnesses heard, and, on January 9, 1923, the judiciary committee reported to the House declaring, "it does not appear that there is any ground to believe that Harry M. Daugherty, attorney general, has been guilty of any high crime or misdemeanor requiring the interposition of the impeachment powers of the House." On January 25, 1923, the House, by a vote of 204 to 77, adopted the report and resolution of the judiciary committee, completely exonerating Attorney General Daugherty and discharged the committee. The investigation into the leasing of government oil lands by a senatorial committee in 1924 was used as the basis of a new attack upon the attorney general, and notwithstanding it was admitted and proved 464 - HISTORY OF OHIO that he had had no part in the making of the oil leases, old charges therefore proven groundless were renewed at the hearing before the Walsh Investigating Committee. A group of senators led by Senator Carraway of Arkansas and Senator Wheeler of Montana, both democrats, demanded his resignation, charging him with laxity in enforcing the laws and citing, as showing his unfitness for office, the attorney general's request to the President that the President appoint special counsel to conduct the oil lease eases, although it was clearly stated that such request was made because of the attorney general's former association with ex-Secretary Fall as a cabinet member. The resignation of Secretary of the Navy Denby served to stimulate the political crusade against the attorney general and a group of republican senators, ostensibly concerned with the prospects of their party, urged President Coolidge to request the attorney general to resign. Mr. Daugherty announced that he would not resign until an investigation of his official acts had been made. The Senate thereupon appointed a special committee to inquire into his official conduct. The hearing was begun on March 12, 1924. In the course of the hearing, the committee demanded certain papers and files of the Department of Justice. The attorney general refused to comply on the ground that the indiscriminate delivery of the files of the Department of Justice, or parts thereof, was not compatible with the public interest. President Coolidge, through whom the committee demanded the papers, while approving the established principle that government departments should not give out departmental documents, utilized the incident to request the resignation of the attorney general, taking the view that the latter could not be a disinterested adviser of what documents the committee needed in passing upon his official conduct. Mr. Daugherty resigned as attorney general on March 28, 1924, stating in his formal resignation that he did so only out of deference to the request of the President, and protesting in a separate letter accompanying his resignation that no specific charges had been filed against him, that the pretended charges were false, that his elimination from the president's cabinet was but a part of a program to discredit not only him but the republican party and every official of the administration eventually, and that a biased committee was undertaking to convict him by malicious gossip repeated by irresponsible and corrupt witnesses. As attorney general, Mr. Daugherty incurred the enmity of union labor, as well as those he had prosecuted and sent to prison for violations of the antitrust laws, the Volstead act and other laws. Powerful organizations and individuals and the radical element of the country joined in the vindictive attempt to bring about his political downfall, but throughout the unjustifiable attacks upon his integrity, he courageously stood his ground and was backed by a considerable element in his own party and throughout the country. In the hearings before the special Senate committee, Mr. Daugherty was denied the privilege of calling witnesses in his own behalf, and although the committee commenced its hearings on March 12th, it was not until June 6th, the day before Congress adjourned, that we was invited to appear before the committee. Meanwhile, the committee had issued a subpoena duces tecum to the officers of the Midland National Bank of Washington Court House, Ohio (of which bank M. S. Daugherty, brother of the former attorney general, was president), to produce certain books and documents. On refusing to comply therewith, a warrant was issued by 'the president pro tempore of the Senate of the United States. The bank appealed to the courts for a judicial determination of the powers of the senatorial committee. On May 31, 1924, a decision was rendered by Judge Cochran of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, holding that the committee was exercising a power not granted by the Constitution and its actions were void. Thereupon, on June 4, 1924, Mr. Daugherty advised the senatorial committee that in obedience to a decision of Judge Coehran, he must decline to appear before the committee either in person or through his attorneys, and accordingly withdrew from the hearings. In his communication to the committee, Mr. Daugherty called attention to his willingness to appear and assist the committee at any time theretofore, charged the committee with evident unfairness in the conduct of the hearings and its attitude toward him and took occasion to deny and contradict the charges against him. The close of the great war necessarily left the administrative departments of the Government in a condition of confusion. The need for reorganization was evident on every hand. Of all the powerful arms of the Government, the Department of Justice is the one department that interlocks all the others, and perhaps in the entire history of the Government, never did the Department of Justice face such an avalanche of work as it faced at the beginning of the Harding administration in 1921. There was an alarming congestion of dockets in the federal courts with an excess of 100,000 cases pending, enormous war litigation, alien property claims, new laws opposed by many citizens, besides the spirit of unrest and disrespect for law prevalent throughout the land. How well the attorney general, Harry M. Daugherty of Ohio, applied himself to the situation, reorganized the Department of Justice and brought order out of chaos, history alone will record in due time. Aside from the enormous amount of work disposed of during his regime, which is a matter of record in the department, the attorney general gave time and attention to the improvement of the service and the initiation of constructive and humanitarian projects. For the betterment of the administration of the government's business, he took steps early in his term of office to bring about the appointment of additional federal judges, and at his solicitation, Congress passed legislation authorizing the appointment of twenty-four additional judges. It was Attorney General Daugherty who initiated legislation for the establishment of an industrial reformatory for female offenders against the laws of the United States. The Federal Government has never had an institution of its own in which to incarcerate female prisoners. Shortly after Mr. Daugherty's retirement from office Congress passed the necessary legislation to provide such an institution. It was Attorney General Daugherty who initiated legislation for the establishment of a federal institution for the incarceration of male first offenders between the ages of seventeen and thirty years. This measure was passed on January 7, 1925. It was Attorney General Daugherty who saw in prison idleness a great evil and during his administration the duck mill established at the Atlanta penitentiary became a profitable enterprise to the Government and profitable and beneficial to the prisoners. Recognizing this, Congress provided for the establishment of a shoe factory at Leavenworth penitentiary. These enterprises enable prisoners to perform useful work and at the same time be of some financial assistance to their families during their incarceration in prison. Every humanitarian project was given encouragement and assistance by Mr. Daugherty and his record in this respect is an enviable one. EDWARD PAXSON GALBREATH. The great-greatgrandfather of Edward Paxson Galbreath was born, according to tradition, in Scotland. His great-grandfather, James Galbreath (1), was born in Ireland and came with the Quaker immigrants to Pennsyl- HISTORY OF OHIO - 465 vania prior to 1761. His wife 's name was Ann. Available records do not give her maiden name. The grandfather of Edward Paxson Galbreath, James Galbreath (2), was born in Pennsylvania, "ye 14th day of ye first month 1761." His twin sister name was Mary. They were the youngest of a family of eight children. The other six, in the order of their ages, were: William, Caroline, Jane, Ann, John and Elizabeth. His wife 's maiden name was Susannah Hiatt, who was born "the 8th of 2nd mo. 1764," in North Carolina. Her father, John Hiatt, the son of George and Martha Hiatt, was born in England, "ye 19th of 12th mo., 1729," and her mother, Sarah Hiatt, the daughter of George and Mary Hudson, was born in Wales, "the 9th day of 6th mo., 1729." The grandfather of Edward Paxson Galbreath, James Galbreath (2), and his wife, Susannah (Hiatt) Galbreath, had six children: Asher, David, Anna, Sarah, Susanna, and Ruth. Susanna and Ruth died before they reached the age of six years, and Asher in his eighteenth year. Sarah married Stephen Hambleton, who died in 1859. Her second husband was James Hambleton. Anna married Moses Hambleton; David Galbreath was born in South Carolina "ye first day of ye 2nd mo., 1799." He married Sarah W. Paxson, daughter of Jacob Paxson and Elizabeth (Pettit) Paxson, "12th mo., 3d, 1818." She was born in Pennsylvania "the 6th of the 6th mo., 1801." Her mother was the daughter of William and Sarah Pettit. To David Galbreath and his wife, Sarah, were born the following children: James Hiatt, born August 16, 1819, died January 7, 1887; Elizabeth Paxson, born April 3, 1821, died August 30, 1903; Matilda Canby, born February 20, 1823, died July 2, 1899; Jacob Heston, born February 12, 1825, died September 28, 1870; Mary Emma, born March 1, 1827, died November 23, 1828; Mary Caroline, born December 6, 1828, died January 5, 1829; William Franklin, born January 31, 1830, died December 5, 1913; Edward Paxson, born May 25, 1832, died August 25, 1907; Jesse Garretson, born August 30, 1834, died March 26, 1917 ; Harriet Almina, born Mareh 11, 1837, died August 29, 1863; Abigal Vickers, born August 22, 1839, died January 8, 1923 ; Charles Burleigh, born July 22, 1841, died August 17, 1855; Parker Pillsbury, born November 30, 1844, died December 15, 1921; Anne Louisa, born May 8, 1847, died November 26, 1853. Edward Paxson Galbreath was born in Hanover Township, Columbiana County, May 25, 1832. He afterward moved with his parents to Fairfield Township, Columbiana County, Ohio, where he was united in marriage February 28, 1855, to Jane Minerva Shaw, who was born June 29, 1837. Of this union the following children were born: Charles Burleigh, born February 25, 1858; Edith Helen, born March 10, 1860; James Edwin, born April 1, 1862; Asher Abraham, born June 8, 1864; Leonard William, born September 14, 1867; Alice Edna, born December 16, 1872. Charles Burleigh Galbreath married Ida Kelley, July 29, 1882. To them one son, Albert Webster, was born October 29, 1883. Albert Webster Galbreath married Stella Anise Snow, October 14, 1907. Edith Helen Galbreath married Frank E. Whitacre, March 8, 1878. To them were born four children; Edward Byron, Anna Elizabeth, Margaret Opal and Ernest Uriah. Frank E. Whitacre died January 5, 1893. Edward Byron Whitacre married Margaret Hop-ton, December 15, 1893. To them were born three children: Alice Marie, Edith and Margaret. Anna Elizabeth Whitacre married Stanton Heck, April 3, 1899. To them were born two children: Helen Margaret and Edward Stanton. Helen Margaret Heck married Harold Pier Braman, December 8, 1923. Margaret Opal Whitacre married Ralph Coffee, November 12, 1903. To them were born four children: Edris Ida, Charles Byron, Anna Lois, and Marguerite Jane. Ralph Coffee died November 12, 1924. Ernest Uriah Whitacre married Grace Galbreath, May 16, 1905. To them were born four children : Dorothy Elizabeth, Ruth Virginia, Betty Winifred, and Lucile. Dorothy Elizabeth and Ruth Virginia died in infancy. James Edwin Galbreath married Luella Longshore, March 18, 1886. To them was born one daughter, Mabel Alice. Mabel Alice Galbreath married Dean Price, September 12, 1916. To them was born one child, Charity. Asher Abraham Galbreath married Anna Randolph, June 5, 1888. To them were born six children: Edith Emma, William Everette, Edward Randolph, Anna Ruth, John Aubrey, and Elizabeth Louise. Edith Emma Galbreath married James Franklin Elliott, September 7, 1907. To them were born two children: Elvera Saramarie and James Franklin. William Everette Galbreath married Frances Margaret Souders, March 16, 1921. Edward Randolph Galbreath married Vida Ellen George, October 17, 1917. Leonard William Galbreath married Anna Florence Heacock, September 14, 1887. To them were born three children: Mary Almira, Ida Myrtle, and Helen Jane. Mary Elmira Galbreath married Raymond Sidney Exten, August 20, 1893. To them were born three children: Robert Edwin, Anna Sophia, and Dorothy Mae. Helen Jane Galbreath married Alfred Marion Poulton, July 31, 1920. To them was born one child, John Louis. Alice Edna Galbreath married Rev. George B. Carr, June 12, 1894. To them were born two children: Georgia Edna and Donald. Rev. George B. Carr died August 8, 1920. Georgia Edna Carr married Clifford J. Bland, May 5, 1921. To them was born one daughter, Janet Louise. Six of the sons and two of the daughters of David Galbreath married and had families. Their descendants are now living in many states. One of the daughters, Elizabeth, married Thomas Elwood Vickers. Another, Harriet, married Israel H. Moredick. A number of their grandchildren and great-grandchildren live in Ohio and Iowa. Jacob Heston Galbreath moved to Illinois before the outbreak of the Civil war. More than one hundred of his descendants now live in Illinois and Indiana. One of his sons, William, was fatally wounded in the battle of Shiloh ; another son, Edwin, now living in Griffin, Posey County, Indiana, served through that war. John, the son of James Hiatt Galbreath, was also a Civil war veteran and served under Sheridan and Custer. Two sons of Edward Paxson Galbreath, Charles Burleigh and Asher Abraham, were graduated from Mount Union (Ohio) College and both were school. teachers. The former was state librarian of Ohio for eighteen years, secretary of the 1912 constitutional convention of that state and is at present (1925) secretary, librarian and editor of the Ohio State Archeological and Historical Society. He is a writer of history and verse. His war lyric, "In Flanders Fields-An Answer," has been widely published. in newspapers and periodicals, has found its way into a number of school readers and anthologies and has been set to muisc by the well-known composer, 466 - HISTORY OF OHIO Mentor Crosse. Asher Abraham Galbreath was an Ohio state senator, 1916-1917. Ernest Uriah Vrhitacre, son of Edith Helen (Galbreath) Whitacre, was an Ohio state representative two successive terms, 1916-1919, and state inspector of workshops and factories, 1920-1922. Albert Webster Galbreath, son of Charles Burleigh Galbreath, educated at Otterbein (Ohio) College and Ohio State University, was a volunteer in the World war, Twelfth Regiment of Engineers, saw twenty-one months active service overseas, eleven with the British and ten with the American army, and attained the rank of captain. His regiment on August, 15, 1917, led the march through London. They were the first foreign armed troops to march through that city since the days of William the Conqueror (1066). He is at present chief valuation engineer of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad. Following is a list of the descendants of Edward Paxson Galbreath who were graduated from the institutions indicated: Ida Myrtle Galbreath, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania; Mabel Alice (Galbreath) Price, Wooster College, Wooster, Ohio; Anna Ruth Galbreath, Kent (Ohio) Normal College; Helen Margaret (Heck) Braman, University of Wis- consin•' Georgia Edna (Carr) Bland, Allegheny Col- lege, Meadville, Pennsylvania; Donald Galbreath Carr, Pratt Institute. Except the two daughters of Ernest Uriah Whitacre who died in infancy, all the descendants of Edward Paxson Galbreath are now (1925) living. His ancestors, so far as known, were members of the Society of Friends. When they came to America they first settled in Eastern Pennsylvania. Afterward they moved to North Carolina, then to South Carolina, probably to the Bush River meeting. They came with the Quaker migration to Ohio, soon after it was admitted to the Union, to escape unpleasant contact with slavery in the South and find a new home in this newly created free state. They settled in Hanover Township, Columbiana County, about the year 1803, where a little later they joined with others of their faith in erecting the first Friend 's "meeting house" of the township. It appears that a liberal spirit was manifest in this settlement from the beginning, as this "meeting house" was, almost from the date of its building, open to other religious denominations. In this township, of Quaker parents, was afterward born Thomas Corwin Mendenhall, who rose to national and international fame as an educator. To this neighborhood, but in an adjoining township, came the Coppock family, two of whose sons went with John Brown to Harper 's Ferry. The community became somewhat noted for its radical hostility to slavery. David Galbreath moved with his family to Fairfield Township, Columbiana County. Edward Paxson, his son, lived here many years on a farm, and here all his children were born. He held no official position of importance, serving only as district school director and justice of the peace. He was fond of the folk songs and ballads that were locally popular in his day and sang them well. He enjoyed the choice things in the meager literature to which he had access and read them aloud with fine effect. He had a receptive mind and a retentive memory. With different environment he would doubtless have made creditable record in some profession. But like his ancestors for generations and the members of the community of which he was a part, he was content to accept his lot and say in the language of another : "I will live in my own sphere nor wish it other than it is." And thus it was that, although his health was impaired in his later years, he lived a large measure of the life ascribed to such as he in the "Elegy," which he used to repeat with rythmic intonation and evident satisfaction: Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife, Their sober wishes never learned to stray; Along the cool, sequestered vale of life, They kept the noiseless tenor of their way.