50 - HISTORY OF OHIO profession and was a member of the landed classes in German Poland. He was a direct descendant of Carl William Scheele, a Swedish chemist who discovered oxygen gas independently of Priestley in 1774, and many other organic acids, for which he was knighted by the King of Sweden. He was an associate member of the academy of Stockholm. A monument of him is standing in the City of Stockholm today. Christian von Scheele and his brother Max were the only members of the family to come to America. Doctor von Scheele came here in 1880, at the age of eighteen. In the meantime he had been well educated in his native land, finishing the course of the gymnasium of college at Stettin in Prussia. He acquired the American language after coming to this country. After he had been here three years he became a telegraph operator for the Pennsylvania Railway Company at Hilliard in Franklin County, Ohio. While in this service he began the reading of medicine, and spent one year in the medical school at Kansas City, and three years in the Ohio Medical University at Columbus, where he was graduated Doctor of Medicine In 1901. He was paying his expenses all through his university career by retaining his position of telegraph operator at night. For two years of the time he was postmaster of Grogan, a Columbus suburb. Doctor von Scheele has been a close student of his profession through all the years since his graduation. In the summer of 1914 he was pursuing post-graduate work in Vienna, Austria, when the World war broke out, and he had a very difficult time in securing passage home, due to being held as a prisoner of war at Frankfort-onthe-Main, Germany. He again went to Europe for professional study in 1921. He is a member of the Athens County and the Ohio State Medical associations and a fellow of the American Medical Association. He has interested himself in his home locality, and has served as a member of the school board and the town council. He married in 1886 Miss Gene Blackford Baldwin, of Hilliards, Ohio, who died in 1901. Doctor von Scheele in 1903 married Miss May Tinker. Mrs. von Scheele is a descendant of Mayflower stock. He and his wife are Methodists, he being a member of the official board of the church at Jacksonville. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. JOHN RANDOLPH CLEVENGER, of Wilmington, Clinton County, is a scion of a family whose name has been prominently and worthily identified with the history of this county for virtually an entire century, and in his personal name he perpetuates the association of the family with Virginia history prior to the removal to Ohio, for it was at the suggestion of a kinsman of an older generation that he was named in honor of the great Virginian, John Randolph of Roanoke. Of the history of the Clevenger family adequate record is given on other pages of this work, in the personal sketch of Judge Frank M. Clevenger, and thus a repetition of the data is not required in the present article. On the ancestral Clevenger homestead farm, in Washington Township, Clinton County, John R. Clevenger was born June 19, 1858, and he is the only son of the late Peter and Mary Ellen (Sanderson) Clevenger. He was reared to the sturdy discipline of the farm and in the meanwhile duly profited by the advantages of the common schools. Through heritage he eventually came into possession of a portion of the old Clevenger farm estate that has been in the possession of the family since 1824, and he still owns this property, as well as other valuable farms in the county. From his youth until 1911, Mr. Clevenger continued to pay active and successful allegiance to the great fundamental industries of agriculture and stock growing, and he then removed to the City of Wilmington, where he has since lived virtually retired, though he finds ample demand on his time and attention in directing his large real estate and financial interests. He is a stockholder in the Irwin Augur Bit Company, the Champion Bridge Company, and the Farquhar Furnace Company, important industrial corporations of Wilmington, and here also he is a director of the Clinton County Bank & Trust Company. Mr. Clevenger has never deviated from the line of loyal allegiance to the democratic party and has been influential in its councils, he having represented Ohio in the Electoral College of 1912, when President Wilson was elected. He is an active member of the Wilmington Commercial Club, has received the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite of the Masonic fraternity, and has passed the various official chairs in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Mr. Clevenger was active and liberal in the support of the various local patriotic movements in the World war period, and was specially influential in adjusting the fuel difficulties and regulating the distribution and the price of coal. He and his family hold member: ship in the Universalist Church. Mr. Clevenger believes firmly in the policy represented in the slogan "See America First," and he has traveled extensively and with appreciation and profit in all parts of the United States. His wife, Belle, is a daughter of J. W. and Jemima (Moore) Moore, and they have two children: Herbert Peter has the active management of his father 's farm properties; and Bessie Hortense is the wife of Dr. A. D. Blackburn, and they have two children, Dorotha Ellen, and Eva Belle. Herbert P. Clevenger married Miss Capitola West, and they have one daughter, Barbara May. CHARLES W. SWAIM, one of the carefully trained and experienced members of the legal profession practicing before the bar of Wilmington, has long been connected with Clinton County, and January 1, 1924, rounded out his half century in the practice of the law. While his family is an old and honorable one of this country, and of Swedish ancestry, little of a definite nature is obtainable of it during earlier generations; but his father moved from New Jersey to Ohio. He is a son of Martin T. and Margaret (Moore) Swaim. He had an older brother, William T. Swaim, and two sisters, Susan E. and Hannah E. All of them were born in Clinton County, but their parents later removed to Hardin County, Ohio, where Mrs. Swaim died. Her parents then took the children and reared them and Mr. Swaim went to Nebraska. Growing up on the farm of his maternal grandfather, William B. Moore, Charles W. Swaim early learned to be self-reliant, and to make the best of his opportunities. After he had exhausted the educational resources locally, he became a student of the National Normal School at Lebanon, Ohio, since absorbed by the Wilmington College, and graduated therefrom with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1870. After leaving that institution, he taught school for two years in Hamilton County and with the money thus earned, he entered the legal department of the University of Michigan and was admitted to the Ohio bar January 27, 1874. While he ha:, spent the past fifty years in the practice of his profession Mr. Swaim has had other interests, and since 1890 has operated the C. W. Swaim Canning Company of Sabina, which ranks high among the older concerns of its kind in Ohio, and has always been a paying business. Mr. Swaim, in this connection, has been honored by election to the presidency of the Ohio Canners Association. HISTORY OF OHIO - 51 On November 17, 1887, Mr. Swaim was married to Laura M. Rudduck, a daughter of David and Abbie J. (Gallup) Rudduck. William Rudduck, Mrs. Swaim's grandfather, reared his family in Clinton County. Mrs. Swaim received exceptional educational advantages, and for two years studied art at Cincinnati, Ohio. The results of her training and natural ability are to be seen in numerous paintings, wood carving and other works of art in the Swaim family home, all of which bear favorable comparison with the objects of modern and antique art which have been gathered by the members of the family. Mr. and Mrs. Swaim have three children: Chester D., C. Luther and Cleo Margaret. Chester D. Swaim, who is superintendent of the C. W. Swaim Canning Company at Sabina, Ohio, still resides at home in Wilmington. He was educated at Wilmington College, Culver Military Academy and the Ohio State University, in the latter completing his course in mechanical engineering, and holds the degrees of Bachelor of Science and Mechanical Engineering. C. Luther Swaim was graduated from Wilmington College and the Ohio State University, and holds the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Juris Doctor. While his brother was exempt from service during the World war on account of being engaged in food production, he served in the Coast (heavy) Artillery Corps, and after being thus engaged was sent by the Department of State as Vice Consul to Dublin, Ireland, and had the pleasure, while abroad, of visiting the Gallup ancestral homestead in Dorsetshire, England. He is now associated with his father in the practice of law at Wilmington. At the primary election of August, 1924, he was chosen as the republican candidate for the office of prosecuting attorney for Clinton County, and his election to that office, at the November election, is assured. The daughter, Cleo Margaret Swaim, was educated at Wilmington College and the Centenary Collegiate Institute at Hackettstown, New Jersey. She is now the wife of C. H. Boardman, Jr., of Columbus, Ohio, and they have three children: C. H. Boardman III, James Swaim Boardman and Jack Martin Boardman. The Swaim family are republican in politics, and belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Swaim and his sons belong to the Masonic fraternity at Wilmington, and he was a member of the building committee at the time of the erection of the Wilmington Masonic Temple. He also holds membership with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. During his long connection with Wilmington Mr. Swaim has been active in the community development, and all local advancement, while in his profession has made a record of which he may well be proud for it is one of honorable achievement and strict adherence to professional ethics. CHARLES EDGAR WELCH, M. D. Those activities and qualities of character that constitute the leading citizen are abundant in the case of Dr. Charles Edgar Welch of Nelsonville. His career has meant a great deal for his home town, and his name is held in the highest degree of esteem throughout Athens and adjoining counties. He was born at Nelsonville, July 5, 1871, son of Capt. John F. and Sarah (Mintun) Welch. His father was born in Morgan County, Ohio, and when sixteen years of age came from McConnelsville to Nelsonville and became apprenticed as a carpenter with his brother-in-law, John Barron. Largely self-educated, he became a successful man of affairs. He was a contractor and builder, having built and operated mills, erected schools, churches and bridges in Athens and adjoining counties, and put up the Opera House at Nelsonville. He was one of the organizers of the Nelsonville Lumber Company, built and operated a planing mill, and was prominent in the good roads movement at its beginning, constructing the first brick road in this city, which was also the first in the county, followed by other large paving contracts. His last home contract was on the public square and Fort Street in Nelsonville. He also filled some large contracts for road building in and around Gallipolis. He was a member of the board of county commissioners when the good roads question was first agitated. In politics he was always a staunch republican. He served on the school board and city council, was affiliated with the Masons and Odd Fellows, helped organize the Elks lodge, and was active in the Grand Army of the Republic. During the Civil war he was commissioned a lieutenant in the Thirty-ninth Ohio Infantry, and later was made a captain in the One Hundred Sixteenth Regiment of Infantry. He participated in a number of battles, and was once wounded in the leg. He was also a member of the military order of the Loyal Legion at Cincinnati. Capt. John F. Welch died in 1905, at the age of sixty-seven years. His first wife, Sarah Mintun, was a daughter of Judge Thomas L. Mintun, of Nelsonville. She was educated in Nelsonville, and was a devout Presbyterian. Her death occurred in 1889, at the age of forty-seven. Captain Welch later married Alice Hoskins, who lives at Columbus, Ohio, and is the mother of one son, C. C. Welch, who has charge of an electrical supply house in Columbus. Captain Welch by his first marriage had three sons and three daughters, and two sons and one daughter are now living. The daughter is the wife of Dr. C. F. Junkerman of Columbus. Both sons are physicians. Doctor Harry R. is a graduate of the Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago, and is in practice at Salt Lake City, Utah. Charles Edgar Welch was reared at Nelsonville, graduated from high school in 1887, and while working in the Parks drug store decided to prepare himself for a medical career. For two years he was a coal weigher in the Oakdale mines for L. D. Lamp-man. With his earnings he entered Hahnemann Medical College at Chicago, but during vacations resumed his duties at weighing coal. After two years in college he continued the study of medicine in Doctor Junkerman's office, then at Nelsonville, and later returned to Chicago and graduated in 1896. Doctor Welch has been distinguished by unusual abilities in his profession since he entered practice. He has kept in touch with his profession not only through his own experience, but through attending clinics and has taken post-graduate work in Hahnemann College, Chicago, and in the Post-Graduate College in New York. Doctor Welch had many business interests as well as a large private practice when America entered the World war. When the call came for more men in the Medical Corps his business associates willingly assumed his duties in his several companies and he offered his services to his country. He was given a captain's commission and sent to Camp Greenleaf, Georgia, and later transferred to a hospital group. He received an honorable discharge from the army December 30, 1918, and entered the New York Post Graduate College for post-graduate work. Doctor Welch for ten years has maintained a private hospital to take care of his own cases. His practice is now limited to cases arranged through special appointment, which enables him to devote some of his time to other business interests and to take an active part in civic work in his home city and county. He is interested in developing the natural resources of his community, and is president of several coal companies and a director in the Citizen's 52 - HISTORY OF OHIO Central Bank. With all his busy professional and business interests he has served as a member of the city council and for two years was health officer. He is now serving his third term as president of the Chamber of Commerce at Nelsonville, is president of the Athens County Automobile Club, is president of the newly organized Kiwanis Club, and represents Athens County as county councilor in the Ohio Good Roads Federation. Like his honored father, he has given his staunch support to every movement for the betterment of his community. Doctor Welch's hobby is fruit growing and poultry raising, being interested in a 100-acre apple orchard in Athens County which is devoted to the growing of high grade and fancy apples. Grimes Golden, Jonathan, Delicious, Rome Beauty, Stayman Wine-sap and Yellow Transparent are his specialties. His poultry have frequently been placed on exhibition and have taken blue ribbons at Zanesville, Ohio; New Lexington, Ohio; Athens, Ohio; Lancaster, Ohio; Columbus, Ohio; Madison Square Garden (New York City), Chicago and other places. On March 10, 1892, Doctor Welch married Miss Gertrude Barnecut, daughter of Jacob and Nancy Barnecut of Nelsonville, and they have had a most happy married life for over thirty-two years. He is one of the prominent men of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Nelsonville, serving on the official board as chairman of the finance committee, as president of the board of trustees and general chairman of the Boosters organization. In Masonry he is a member of the blue lodge, chapter and council at Nelsonville, the Knights Templar commandery at Athens, the Scottish Rite consistory and Shrine at Columbus and is first past monarch *of the Grotto at Nelsonville. He is a member of the American Legion, a trustee of its property at Nelsonville, and chairman of the building committee of the Nelsonville post of that order. He was one of the trustees of the County War Chest Fund for the several Legion posts of the county. In politics he is a republican. HON. ANDREW JACKSON. Prominent alike in war and peace, as a business man, soldier and legislator, Hon. Andrew Jackson of Cedarville, justifies his descent from Robert Jackson, half-brother of "Old Hickory," and his connection with some of the most representative American families of the country. He was born in Greene County, Ohio, December 25, 1843, a son of Gen. Robert and Minerva (Eddy) Jackson. His grandfather and great-grandfather also bore the name of Robert, the last named, the half-brother of President Jackson, having been a soldier of the American Revolution. The historic name of Robert is still in use in the family, a grandson of Mr. Jackson of this review, a resident of Chicago, bears the name of Robert Jackson Baldwin. Gen. Robert Jackson was born in Pennsylvania, but he came to Ohio when he was only sixteen years old, and became a farmer. In 1833, while he was a member of the State Assembly of Ohio, General Jackson was commissioned to command the State Militia, and this document, with General Jackson's endorsement on its back, is one of the cherished possessions of Andrew Jackson of Cedarville. From the time of his appointment until his death Robert Jackson was known as General Jackson. At the age of sixty-five years he was one of the body of men, known as the "Squirrel Hunters" that marched to the defense of Ohio at the time that state was raided by General Morgan and his men. General Jackson was a man of great local importance, served as county commissioner for many years, and was also a member of the school board for a long period. A man of decided opinions, he was never afraid to express them, and was fearless in his denunciations against wrong doing of all kinds. Andrew Jackson attended the local schools, and began his connection with business life as a clerk in a dry goods store at Xenia. While he was thus serving he enlisted in the Union Army, in 1862, with the Ninety-fourth Regiment, Ohio Infantry, and served throughout the remainder of the war. He saw service in Kentucky, Tennessee and more Southern states, and was wounded at the battle of Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862. After his recovery he participated in practically all of the major engagements in Tennessee, including that of Chickamauga and Lookout Mountain. During the last year of his service he was detailed as chief clerk to the inspector general of the First Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, and as such was present at the surrender of General Johnston, April 26, 1865. As an aftermath of his service Mr. Jackson was appointed by Governor Campbell, a member of General Beatty's commission charged with marking the position of the Union troops engaged in the battle of Chickamauga, and erecting monuments to them. Ohio through this commission took the initiative in this patriotic and memorial work, and was the first in the field. Mr. Jackson deeply appreciates the honor paid to him in this appointment. After he had been mustered out of the service and honorably discharged, Mr. Jackson returned to Ohio, and began railroading as assistant civil engineer with the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad. Later he was private secretary to the president of the Cincinnati & Zanesville Railroad, and a year later was promoted to be general ticket agent and paymaster of that same road. For years he served faithfully in those positions, and then located at Cedarville, and for twelve years thereafter he was engaged in farming and breeding fine horses. Called at the expiration of that period to Cincinnati to take charge of his father-in-law's lumber business he became so interested in it that he, upon terminating his connection with that concern, returned to Cedarville and went into a lumber business of his own. In the meanwhile he had become very active in politics, and in 1888 was elected to the Lower House of the Ohio State Assembly, and was reelected to succeed himself, after which he, for six terms, served as sergeant-at-arms of the Lower House. During his first term as a legislator, Governor Campbell occupied the chair of chief executive of the state, and during his second term, Governor Foraker had that honor. While in the Legislature Mr. Jackson sponsored and secured the passage of an amendment making it unlawful to hunt and fish on Sunday, to the fish and game law. In spite of this action he regards the opposing of the passage of pernicious legislation the greatest work of a legislator. His public service was not limited to what he accomplished in the Assembly for he has served as clerk of the school board for at least forty years, and for the past quarter of a century has been a justice of the peace. He is township clerk, manager of the opera-house, a notary public, makes out many tax returns, and has the record of having at the age of seventy-five, disbursed $120,000 without making a single error, according to the report of the auditing committee. In 1895 he organized the Cedarville Building and Loan Association, was made its secretary, and has held this office ever since, and for the past twelve years has been its active manager, during which time the assets have been increased from $11,000 to $120,000. What makes all of this activity all the more remarkable is that Mr. Jackson has always and is now discharging all these responsibilities without the assistance of either secretary or stenographer, and HISTORY OF OHIO - 53 walks daily the half a mile between his home and office where he remains at night as late as 10 to 10:30. He has devised a very simple, yet unique plan of entering coupons as paid off, which plan has received the approval and commendation of accountants. He is younger and capable of transacting more business within a given time, although now eighty-one years old, than many men of forty. On December 17, 1868, Mr. Jackson was married at Cedarville to Mary J. Dunlap, a daughter of James Dunlap, a lumber merchant at Cincinnati. Mrs. Jackson was educated at Cedarville and Oxford, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson became the parents of the following children: Pearl, who married R. G. George an insurance agent of Jamestown, Ohio, has the following children, .Marion, who was graduated from the Ohio State University, 1924, and Helen, who was graduated from the Jamestown High School in 1924; Frank A., who is treasurer of Greene County, married Edna Townsley of Cedarville ; Clara, who married H. H. Cherry, a Greene County farmer ; and Fannie, who married R. L. Baldwin, a manufacturer of woodwork at Chicago, has one son, Robert Jackson Baldwin. The daughters are members of the American Revolution, being eligible to that or ganization through their great-great-grandfather, Robert Jackson, the Revolutionary soldier. CHARLES F. KETTERING is president of the General Motors Research Corporation. He is also the inventor of an electric lighting system for farm houses, and of a starting, lighting and ignition device for automobiles. He has since early manhood been a student of science, particularly the application of science to life and industry. Many years ago, Mr. Kettering was impressed by the statement of the great astronomer, Laplace, who when he died at the age of seventy-eight, said: "What we know is nothing; what we do not know is immense." Mr. Kettering's working ideals, therefore; have been that, "marvelous as the achievements of science and invention are, what has been done can be indefinitely increased and done better." It was this attitude for his work as well as for his individual achievements that caused his Selection as official head of the great laboratory and plant at Dayton, where all the processes and products that enter into the automobile industry are being constantly tested with a view to their improvement or substitution with new methods or materials altogether. Mr. Kettering was born near Loudonville in Ashland County, Ohio, August 29, 1876, son of Jacob and Martha (Hunter) Kettering. He began his life work early, working when a youth with the Star Telephone Company at Ashland, and later with the Electrical Department of the Cash Register Company at Dayton. In 1904 he received the degree of Electrical Engineer and Mechanical Engineer from the Ohio State University. He was the inventor of the starting, lighting and ignition device for automobiles, later known as the "Delco " and also invented, perfected and put on the market the Delco-Light, an individual lighting system now used in rural districts all over the nation. In 1914 he was one of the organizers of The Dayton Metal Products Company and in addition to being president and general manager of the General Motors Research Corporation, is president of The Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company, the abbreviated title of which is "Delco," is president of the Delco-Light Company, The Dayton-Wright Airplane Company, all the foregoing now being component parts of the General Motors Corporation, and is a director of the holding corporation, the General Motors Corporation of which he is chief consulting engineer. He is vice president of The Smith Gas Engineering Company, is president and director of The Moraine Development Company, president and director of The Domestic Building Company, The Flexible Company and other interests at Dayton and elsewhere. Mr. Kettering is a trustee of the Ohio State University, Antioch College and Moraine Park School. He is a former president of the Society of Automotive Engineers, a member of the American Society of Engineers, the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the Natural Gas Engine Association, the Engineers' Club, Army and Navy Club, the Aero Club of America. He is a Methodist. Mr. Kettering married August 1, 1905, Olive Williams of Ashland, Ohio. C. A. NIELSEN. The interesting and instructive story of the poor boy becoming a substantial business man and valued citizen, as the result of his thrift, industry and integrity, is a familiar and a true one in America, and in every large community may be found self-made men who may be justifiably proud on this account. An example at hand is found in C. A. Nielsen, one of Sandusky's highly respected retired business men, who for many years was financially and officially connected with important interests here. C. A. Nielsen was born February 27, 1855, in what is now a German province, but which at the time of his birth belonged to Denmark, son of Niels and Catherine (Fink) Nielsen. His parents died in that country, and by the time he was fifteen years old he had determined to seek his fortune across the sea, in that land of opportunity, America. It is not probable that he left his native land with a large amount of capital when, in 1870, he secured passage to the United States on a sailing vessel. This was an old-time ship that kept the unhappy passengers on the water for sixty-five days but finally safely landed them on the docks of New York City. It was the youth 's intention to get to Chicago, of which city he had heard much, but on his way, while at Buffalo, he was led to loan an unfortunate comrade five dollars of his little store, and lack of funds prevented his continuing westward, and incidentally contributed a valuable citizen to Sandusky and Erie County. Mr. Nielsen had had some experience on a farm in his native country, and after getting as far as Sandusky, Ohio, he decided very sensibly to seek farm work in the rural regions and had no difficulty in finding employment. During the six and a half years that he continued to work on Erie County farms he not only satisfied his employers but so won their confidence and esteem that they were very loath to see him go back to Denmark. When he reached his old home he found conditions changed from what he had expected, and a few months later was almost forced by the government to enter the German army, before he could escape and return to his good friends in the United States. Upon his return to Sandusky Mr. Nielsen met with an opportunity to go into the fish business, and worked for the same firm for six years, and when it changed hands was placed in charge by the new firm, and so continued until 1890, when the business was sold to the Booth Packing Company, with which big corporation he remained until 1896, when he was elected treasurer of Erie County. He served two terms of two years each in this office, administering the county's finances with scrupulous honesty and the utmost efficiency. In 1901, in association with a brother-in-law, he went into the general insurance business, and two years later became superintendent of the Lake Ice & Coal Company, in which he already had an interest, and soon afterward he purchased the business and conducted it under the business name of the C. A. Nielsen Company until 1923, when 54 - HISTORY OF OHIO he sold it to his son-in-law, George Matthews, and has since lived retired. Mr. Nielsen was married on August 4, 1884, to Miss Wilda Stewart, who was born in the Province of Ontario, Canada. They have one daughter, Ethel, who is the wife of George Matthews, and they have a son, George Matthews, Jr. Mr. Nielsen and his family are members of the Lutheran Church. He has never been unduly active in political life, and since serving as county treasurer, has declined to accept other public responsibilities, and at present is an independent voter. He is a thirty-second degree Mason and a Shriner, and belongs also to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and to the Knights of Pythias. ST. COLUMBKILL PARISH. For the following interesting and historically valuable record concerning an important Catholic Parish this publication is indebted to the honored pastor thereof, Rev. Father Charles A. Ertel. The history of St. Columbkill Parish is virtually the history of Catholicity in Clinton County, Ohio, for with the exception of the mission churches at Blanchester and New Vienna, attended from St. Martin and Greenfield respectively, this is the only Catholic congregation in the county. Ground was broken for the first Catholic Church in Wilmington on the 6th of June, 1866, on the site where the present church edifice now stands. The corner stone was laid by the Rt, Rev. G. H. Rosencrantz, Bishop of the Columbus diocese. The building was soon completed, but it was not until October 5, 1870, that it was dedicated, the ceremony being performed by the Most Rev. John B. Purcell, Archbishop of Cincinnati. The name of St. Columbkill, or Columba, was given to the church. Catholic people of this vicinity were first attended by Father Blake, of Xenia, who was conveyed overland from Corwin Station, fifteen miles distant, by Michael DeVanney, Patrick Creeden and Timothy Coakley. The first mass in Wilmington was celebrated in 1852, at the home of Michael Devanney, grandfather of the late Frank Devanney, this home of the early days having been situated east of the point where the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad line crosses Owens Avenue. Services were held also at the home of Jeremiah Coakley, on the northeast portion of the lot now occupied by the City Hall, and were continued in the home which he later purchased on West Locust street, where the building still stands and is one door west of the new parsonage of St. Columbkill Parish. As the Parish grew, Clinton Hall was secured for the services, and afterward Preston Hall, later the Eagles, Hall, was utilized for the same purpose. Father Blake came to Wilmington at intervals of about three months until 1861, when Father John B. O'Donaghue, residing at Morrow, included Wilmington in his circuit of missions from Milford to New Holland. He rode horseback from mission to mission until the building of the railroad provided better facilities. He is remembered by the older parishoners as the "pioneer priest." He came to Wilmington once a month, and under his administration the church edifice was erected. The roof of the building was torn away by a cyclone that swept through this district March 17, 1868. Father John B. O'Donaghue was killed at Morrow, Ohio, he having there been struck on the head with a wrench wielded by a man named Greene, as he was taking a walk down the railroad. Greene was taken to the Dayton State Hospital where he died a maniac. Father John B. O’Donaghue was succeeded by Rev. Michael O'Donaghue, who became the first resident pastor at Wilmington. This was in the autumn of 1882, and until 1884 Father O’Donaghue lived in rented quarters in the vicinity of the church. In 1884 he erected a modest, one-story frame house, adjoining the church. Misfortune followed in the wake of tragedy, for on the 5th of May, 1893, the city was visited by a second cyclone which lifted the roof from the church and settled if on the rectory, causing great damage both to the church and the priest house. The people rallied around their pastor, repaired and enlarged the church and added a second story to the rectory. "Father Michael," as he was familiarly known by all, labored zealously here for twenty-three years, until infirmities incidental to advanced age compelled him to resign his charge. A short time after leaving Wilmington he passed to his eternal reward. Father Michael O'Donaghue was succeeded by Rev Martin A. Higgins, a young and energetic priest April 8, 1906. Father Higgins made many needed repairs and improvements on both church and rectory. Under his wise direction the congregation made rapid strides, spiritually and financially, the parish debt having been entirely liquidated and a fund started for a new church building. After purchasing the Holland home and lot on the southwest corner of Mulberry and Locust streets adjoining the church property and the formulating of plans for the new church, Father Higgins began the razing of the old structure in February, 1916, to make way for the new. He was forced, however, by ill health, to relinquish his duties as pastor in April, 1916, and was assigned to a chaplaincy at Mount St. Joseph, Ohio, the Mother House of the Sisters of Charity, and there he passed away in September of the same year. He was succeeded at St. Columbkill ,s, May 1, 1916, by the present pastor, Rev. Charles A. Ertel, who took charge on the 14th of that month, and upon whom devolved the strenuous task of erecting the new church. The work of building the new structure, on the site of the old church, and of moving the old rectory to a new location at the corner of Mulberry and Locust streets, there to be definitely remodeled, was pushed to completion by the new pastor. The cornerstone of the new church was laid August 27, 1916, by Rev. George Mayerhofer, delegated by the Archbishop to perform the ceremony and the finished house of worship was solemnly dedicated September 30, 1917, by the Most Rev. Archbishop Henry Moeller, of Cincinnati. The new St. Columbkill Church, one of the most beautiful church edifices in southern Ohio, stands as a lasting monument to the zealous faith, devotion and generosity of the members of said parish. In less than four years the entire debt on the new church was liquidated and a building fund for a new rectory laid aside. In June, 1922, the old rectory was sold by the congregation to William Fife and removed from the church lot to a lot on Wood Street, near Locust Street. In March, 1923, ground was broken for the erection of the new rectory a handsome residence and one of the show places of Wilmington which was completed in January, 1924, and occupied by Father Ertel in April of the same year. BLAKE CHARLES COOK. In the profession of law Blake Charles Cook is well known in several communities in Northern Ohio, including Youngstown, and now has a well established practice at Kent in Portage County. Mr. Cook was born at Painesville in Ashtabula County, October 11, 1885, and on both sides represents pioneer families of Northern Ohio. His parents were Charles B. and Minnie A. (Secor) Cook, his father a native of Mentor, Ohio, and his mother of Harts Grove. His grandparents were Lucien Cook and James Secor. Charles B. Cook was reared HISTORY OF OHIO - 55 in Lake County, and for many years has been a sue cessful lawyer, now engaged in practice at Ashta bula. Blake Charles Cook graduated from the High School at Ashtabula in 1904. For a year and a half he was an employe of the American Fork and Hoe Company at Ashtabula, and began the study of law with Charles H. Sargent at Jefferson. He continued his studies privately for a year and a half, and then entered the University of Michigan, where he paid his own expenses by work outside of school. He was graduated in June, 1908, and had been admitted to the Ohio bar January 1, 1908. In September, 1908, Mr. Cook began his professional career in Youngstown, where he remained until September, 1916, the last three years being. a partner of Emil Anderson. In the fall of 1916, Mr. Cook came to Kent and opened his law office. He carries on a general practice and has appeared as an attorney in much important litigation in Portage County. He is a member of the County Bar Association. On February 14, 1910, Mr. Cook married Miss Bessie A. Adams, who was born at Warren, Ohio, daughter of John Z. and Jennie (Burnett) Adams. The three children of Mr. and Mrs. Cook are, Donald Blake, Robert Eugene and Marguerite Ilene. While he has been closely devoted to his private law practice, and has found complete satisfaction in his professional work, he has also been interested in civic affairs and for one year was a member of the library board and three years served on the Board of Health at Kent. He is a democrat, has been grand knight of the Knights of Columbus, and lecturer and delegate to the Supreme Conventions. He is past exalted ruler of Kent Lodge No. 1377, of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and also belongs to the fraternal order of Eagles. He is a member of the Brimfield Grange. JOHN K. SPITLER. Prominent among the men who have been residents of Seneca County for nearly three-quarters of a century, and who are still engaged in the pursuits of agriculture, to which they have devoted their lives to their own prosperity and the betterment of the locality, is John K. Spitler, the owner of a valuable property in Bloom Township. Through a long life of industry and upright living, Mr. Spitler has accumulated a handsome competency, not only in worldly goods but in the esteem and respect of the people among whom he has resided for so many years. Mr. Spitler was born on a farm within two miles of his present residence in Bloom Township, Seneca County, Ohio, August 17, 1850, and is a son of Daniel and Hannah (Kagy) Spitler. Daniel Spitler was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, in 1819, and February 6, 1845, married Hannah Kagy, who was born in Seneca County, December 4, 1824. After their marriage they settled on a farm five miles west of Bloomville, a tract of 120 acres, on which Mr. Spitler made his home during the rest of his life. Mr. Spitler was an honest, upright man, a good farmer, and a generous supporter of the Baptist Church of the old school of which he was a lifelong member. He and his worthy wife, who is also deceased, were the parents of eleven children, of whom the following survive: Agnes, who became the wife of Ralph Tittle; Sabina, who became the wife of Edward Bretz, of Garrett, Indiana ; John K., of this review ; Eliza, who is the widow of Bert Hall, of Tiffin, Ohio; and Ida M., who is the wife of Charles King, of Wood County, Ohio. John K. Spitler received his education in the Heidelberg and Republic schools and while growing to maturity on the home farm engaged in teaching school for six winters. On February 13, 1873, he was united in marriage with Miss Martha Patterson, who was born in Adams Township, Seneca County, February 25, 1849, and was educated in the district school of her native community. They became the parents of five children of whom the following survive : Calvin D., born December 7, 1875, who attended school at Ada, Ohio, studied law and was admitted to the bar, was prosecuting attorney of Seneca County for two terms, and is now engaged in a successful law practice at Tiffin, Ohio; Cora B., born May 17, 1877, a graduate in vocal and instrumental music, and now the wife of Percy Lantz, of Tiffin, owner of the Lantz Hatchery; Worden M., born March 27, 1881, who attended Heidelberg University, and now resides at home, where he assists his father in the management of the farm and is overseer of the Percheron Breeding establishment which they conduct; Ralph T., born April 21, 1892, a graduate of high school, who took a course in agriculture at Columbus and is now helping to cultivate the home acres. The family belongs to the Primitive Baptist Church, and in politics Mr. Spitler is a democrat. In addition to the regular farm operations, Mr. Spitler with his sons, began breeding registered Percheron horses in 1910 and have since attained a national reputation in this industry. Their animals are exhibited at the leading live stock shows of the country, and they have also sold foundation stock to some of the wealthiest men of the East. Mr. Spitler owns 210 acres in Bloom Township and 132 acres in Adams Township, and is a stockholder in the Union Trust Company Bank, the Guardian Bank and the Cleveland Trust Company, of Cleveland; and the City National Bank of Tiffin, Ohio. SIDNEY FROHMAN is one who has gained a place of distinct prominence and influence in the industrial and commercial affairs of his native city. As president and general manager of the Hinde & Dauch Paper Company he directs the affairs of one of the chief industries of Sandusky, the metropolis and county seat of Erie County. Mr. Frohman's company is the largest producer and distributor of corrugated fiber shipping packages in the world. Its business covers the entire country and extends beyond into Canada, where Mr. Frohman presides over and directs at Toronto a subsidiary corporation which produces and distributes the Hinde & Dauch line throughout the Dominion. These companies own and operate fifteen separate manufacturing and fabricating units, grouped in ten consolidated plants, and located in eight different cities. Mr. Frohman is, therefore, one of the foremost industrial figures of his home city, where the general offices of his company, with one of its five factories and two of its ten paper mills, are situated. Besides these Sandusky plants, and those located respectively at Cleveland and Delphos, Ohio ; Muncie, Indiana; Fort Madison, Iowa; Watertown, New York; Gloucester, New Jersey, and Toronto, Canada, the Hinde & Dauch organization maintains a large material receiving warehouse in the City of Philadelphia and distributing offices in New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Richmond, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Toledo, Detroit, Chicago, Minneapolis and St. Louis. The responsibilities involved in the management of such an institution are necessarily very great. Sidney Frohman was born at Sandusky on the 2nd of January, 1881, and is a son of David and Rachel Frohman, both of whom are deceased. David Frohman was born in the historic old City of Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany, where he was reared and educated. In his youth he came to Sandusky, where he established his residence and where he remained until his death. 56 - HISTORY OF OHIO After completing his studies in the Sandusky High School Sidney Frohman took a course in the Sandusky Business College, and at the age of eighteen years entered the employ of the People's Electric Railroad Company. Later he became secretary to the general manager of the Lake Shore Electric Company, which operates an extensive system of electric interurban lines in Ohio. In 1902 he and others organized the Sandusky Foundry & Machine Company, with which he continued as secretary until 1910. In 1910 he was made treasurer of the Hinde & Dauch Paper Company and in August, 1918, he became president of this great industrial corporation. He is vice president of the National Container Association and an active member of the organization of Fiber Board Box Manufacturers, and he has been one of the most loyal supporters of the progressive policies of the Sandusky Chamber of Commerce, which he has served as president. He is a director and member of the executive committee of the Commercial Banking & Trust Company. The political proclivities of Mr. Frohman are indicated in the staunch allegiance which he accords to the republican party, and he is prothinently affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, in which he has received the thirty-second degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite. He is also a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. He has served as eminent commander of Erie Commandery No. 23, Knights Templar, and as president of the Sandusky Masonic Temple Association. He has been for many years a popular member and also a trustee of Sandusky Lodge No. 285, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and is an enthusiastic yachtsman, in which connection he holds the rank of commodore in the Inter-Lake Yachting Association. He is a member of the Plum Brook Country Club and also of the Sunyendeand Club, another representative organization in his native city. In the year 1905 Mr. Frohman married Miss Elnora L. Dauch, who also was born and reared in Sandusky. Mrs. Frohman is active in social and civic organizations of women and is a past grand matron of the Order of the Eastern Star, an organization allied with the Masonic fraternity. She is a daughter of Jacob J. and Mary M. (Wendt) Dauch, both natives of Erie County, where Mr. Dauch became one of the founders of the Hinde & Dauch Paper Company and until his death in 1918 was one of the most influential figures in the industrial and commercial life of the City of Sandusky. Mr. and Mrs. Frohman have one son, Sidney, Jr., who was born in November, 1922. HARRY K. BEMENDERFER. One of the basic industries, farming, has always been an important factor in the lives of the people, and it is well for us not to forget that agriculture calls for the best, that farming is the biggest, the most important job on earth, because every other man,s job depends upon the job of the farmer. If the farmer stops working, the merchant, the manufacturer, the railroad man and the laboring man will have to cease their work. The whole machinery of human endeavor and human government will cease, even life itself, when the farmer no longer performs his duties, It is because of these facts which cannot be denied, that the farmers of the country occupy the place they do in every section, and particularly in Ohio which is one of the great agricultural states of the Union. One of the men who is making a success of farming because he has been carefully trained for his work, and possesses a natural aptitude or it, is Harry K. emenderfer, proprietor of the Honey Creek Stock Farm, a valuable property of 204 acres located one-half mile north and one-half mile west of Bloomville. Harry K. Bemenderfer was born at Nevada, Wyandot County, Ohio, September 1, 1880, a son of Henry and Leah (Koller) Bemenderfer. Henry Bemenderfer was born in Stark County, Ohio, July 11, 1840, and his wife was born February 2, 1848, on the adjoining farm now owned by their son, Harry K. When still a child Henry Bemenderfer came with his parents to Venice Township, Seneca County, and here grew to manhood. After their marriage he and his wife began life together near Attica, in Seneca County, but later moved to Little Sandusky, where he conducted a flour mill, but still later lived for sixteen years at Nevada, Ohio. Finally they returned to Seneca and he continued to live near Bloomville until his death, June 1, 1907. She survived him until June 8, 1923. He was a member of the Reformed Church, and she also belonged to it. He belonged to the Masonic fraternity, the Knights of Pythias and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In politics he was a democrat. Of their three children, Harry K. is the only survivor. Of the other two, Isabele died at the age of eighteen months, and the other, Edwin, at the age of seventeen years. Harry K. Bemenderfer was reared on his present farm, from the time he was two years old, and consequently knows no other home. The local schools gave him his education, and he is thoroughly identified with the neighborhood interests. While carrying on farming, for a time he held contracts for contruction work on the Pennsylvania Railroad in his district. From boyhood he has learned farming through practical experience, for he is no book farmer. However, he does not neglect advice, nor fail to profit by the experience of others, and reads several farm journals and the bulletins of the farm bureaus. His handsome property shows the effects of scientific farming and constant attention, and he is very proud of it. His broad fields are productive, his buildings modern and in excellent repair, and his machinery is of the latest pattern. In fact he makes a business of farming, and it is a profitable one. February 26, 1902, Mr. Bemenderfer was married to Bertha Rine, who was born in Scipio Township, Seneca County, and educated at the Republic Common and the Bloomville High schools. They have five children: Beatrice, who was graduated from the Bloomville High School, was a public school teacher, and is now the wife of Harold C. Wolfe of Toledo, Ohio; Paul, who was graduated from the Bloomville High School, in 1920-21-22-23 was a judge of live stock at the state fair held at Columbus, and in 1923 was the successful contestant in oratory, his theme being " The Country’s Call," he is now attending Heidelberg University, Tiffin, Ohio; Mary, who is attending the Bloomville High School; Joyce and Lloyd, who are attending the common schools. The family belong to the Reformed Church. Mr. Bemenderfer is a Mason and is a member of Eden Lodge No. 310, Free and Accepted Masons; Seneca Chapter No. 42, Royal Arch Masons; Clinton Council No. 47, Royal and Select Masters, and De Molay Commandery No. 49, Knights Templar; Luella Chapter No. 223, Order of Eastern Star. He also belongs to the Honey Creek Camp No. 7396, Modern Woodmen of America. After many experiments Mr. Bemenderfer has decided that the Holstein Cattle and Big Type Poland-China Hogs are the best strains, and breeds and raises them. He is also an active member of the Seneca County Fair Company and the Seneca County Agriculture Society. WILLIAM MARTIN RITTER is a well known citizen of Youngstown, where he has spent practically all his life, a railroad man until injured, and is now connected with the General Fire Proofing Company. He was born at the family home at 707 Covington HISTORY OF OHIO - 57 Street in Youngstown, May 19, 1880, son of Peter Ritter. Peter Ritter was born at Mill Creek in Huntington County, Pennsylvania, September 1, 1846, son of David and Elizabeth (Wolfkill) Ritter, natives of the same locality. Peter Ritter was educated in the common schools, and on April 4, 1863, at the age of seventeen enlisted in Company E of the Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania Infantry. At first he was on provost duty at Philadelphia, and in the fall of 1863 went to the front and during the year 1864 participated in many battles and skirmishes, including Spotsylvania, the wilderness and the siege and battle of Petersburg, Virginia. At the battle of Spotsylvania, May 11, 1864, he was shot on the right side of the mouth, the shot taking out two of his teeth. He received his honorable discharge in July, 1865, at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and then. returned home. On April 26, 1870, he married Elizabeth J. Landis, who was born at Crescent in Blair County, Pennsylvania, February 10, 1849. In 1871, Peter Ritter brought his family to Youngstown. He had been a coal miner and in 1873 he was employed as engineer in the Smith Brewing Company, and in 1895, took up the occupation of carpenter, a trade he followed until 1921. He has since lived retired in the house he built in 1874 on Covington Street. He is an active member of Grand Army Post No. 55, is a republican, and a member of the First Baptist Church. His wife died October 6, 1918. They were the parents of five children: Thomas and Millie, both deceased; May, wife of Frank Mounts, of Mahoning County; William M., of Youngstown; and Carl, of Youngstown. William Martin Ritter as a boy attended the Covington Street School, and his working experience for several years was in a bottling plant. After his marriage he entered the service of the Erie Railroad, as a fireman, and was on duty until October, 1916, when he was seriously injured in the left shoulder, an injury that crippled him, but he has returned to useful employment with the General Fire Proofing Company of Youngstown. Since May, 1918, he has occupied a fine modern home at 321 Jefferson Street in Youngstown. He married November 28, 1908, Lida Roberts, born at New Castle, Pennsylvania, June 22, 1884, daughter of Benjamin and Minnie (Cook) Roberts, also natives of Pennsylvania. Her parents were married at Sharon, Pennsylvania, June 9, 1883, and her father spent all his active career on the farm where he was born. He died April 12, 1903, and her mother now lives at Andover, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Ritter have four children: Gertrude May,' born July 14, 1910; Harold Eugene, born February 25, 1912; Kenneth Leroy, born March 28, 1920; and William Frederick, born December 27, 1922. Mrs. Ritter received part of her education in the public schools of Streator, Illinois, and subsequently attended school at Youngstown. They are members of the Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Ritter is a republican and a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Engineers. MRS. EMMA C. KING. The subject of this sketch, Miss Emma C. King, has been a life-long resident of Xenia, and naturally, is interested in all that pertains to its civic, educational, and moral welfare. She resides in the family home "The Kingdom," which was built more than sixty years ago, and has been owned in whole or in part, by three generations of her family, and whose roof has oft-times sheltered the fourth generation. Miss King is of old New England lineage, belonging on the maternal side of the family, to the first generation born out of New England in more than 300 years. She is a lineal descendant of Governor William Bradford of Plymouth Plantation, of Captain John Mason the exterminator of the Pequot tribe of Indians, who historians declare "was to the Connecticut Colony what Myles Standish was to Plymouth Plantation," and of others more or less prominent in early Colonial history. Her great-great-grandfather., Major Elihu Kent, and her great-grandfather, Capt. Elihu Kent, Jr., (a lad of nineteen) served in the Colonial Army during the War of the Revolution. Many people of prominence in the early, and more recent history of New England are connected on collateral lines with the King and Kendall families, notable among whom are Ralph Waldo Emerson, Rev. Jonathan Edwards, and the Timothy Dwights long associated with Yale University. Miss King is the youngest of the five daughters of the late Joseph Warren and Betsey (Kendall) King, both of whom were natives of the village of Suffield, Connecticut, and immediately after their marriage emigrated to Ohio, by the primitive methods of transportation, the stage-coach and the canal. There was then but one short railroad in the State, somewhere in its northern part. Mr. King was, in his early life, a man of limited financial resources, his only capital being energy, industry, perseverance, integrity, and his heritage of New England thrift, all of which qualities stood him in good stead in his various business activities which were chiefly those of banker and manufacturer. He was a liberal supporter of his church and generous toward all philanthropic undertakings which appealed to him. His family is of early English origin (with a strain of French blood, De Vaution, anglicized devotion), his earliest immigrant ancestor, James King, having settled in Suffield in 1728. The armorial bearings of the King family were granted in 1611 and are entered as of that date, in the College of Arms, London. The ancient seal bearing this coat of arms is in the possession of the subject of this sketch. The five daughters of Mr. King were all graduates of Xenia College, an institution of high rank in its day but now extinct. His three granddaughters are all graduates of Vassar College. His only grandson, the author of "The Stone Age" and an authority on the American Indian, is director of the department of archaeology of Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts. Of Mr. King’s ten great-grandchildren two are graduates of Harvard University, one of Princeton, two are now sophomores at Amherst and Princeton respectively, and another—having given up his collegiate training in order to enlist in the service of his country in the World war—has entered on a business career. Of his two great-granddaughters one is a junior in Vassar College, and the other engaged in preparatory work for entrance there. Of the two younger great-grandsons of Mr. King, one is now a student at the Groton School, and the other in a private school in New York. The subject of this sketch, Miss Emma C. King, was a charter member of the Xenia Library Association, organized in 1878 and still active and efficient, and the only local organization of women which has enjoyed an uninterrupted existence for so long a period of time; she was the founder of the Catherine Greene Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, thirty years ago, and has for many years held membership in a number of hereditary societies, among which are: The Society of Mayflower Descendants, the Society of Descendants of Colonial Governors, the Society of Colonial Dames, the National Society of Daughters of the American Revolution, the Society of Huguenot Descendants, the Mary Washington Memorial Society. JOHN RITTER, the efficient and popular superintendent of the Erie County Children’s Home, at 58 - HISTORY OF OHIO 1008 Sycamore Line, Sandusky, has held this office since 1919, and his administration has been marked by effective executive policies and by the gracious and kindly sympathy and interest which assure to the children under his charge the best of care and attention. Mr. Ritter was born in Cumberland, Maryland, January 17, 1862, and is a son of Louis and Louise (Shafer) Ritter, natives of Germany. Louis Ritter, a cooper by trade, came with his family to Sandusky in 1864, and was here engaged in the work of his trade for a long term of years, both he and his wife having been residents of Sandusky at the time of their death, and both having been earnest communicants of the Evangelical Church. John Ritter was about two years old at the time the family home was established in Sandusky, and here he was reared and educated. He attended the public schools until he was seventeen years of age, learned the cooper,s trade under the direction of his father, and in 1887, as a representative of the Kilbourne Cooperage Company, he went to San Francisco, California, where he served as foreman of the company’s cooperage establishment eleven years. He then returned to Sandusky, where he continued his alliance with the same company until 1915. Thereafter he gave about four years to the operating of a railroad car for the transportation of live fish to the New York and Philadelphia markets. He retired from this business when he accepted his present position, that of superintendent of the Erie County Children’s Home. Mr. Ritter is aligned loyally in the ranks of the republican party, is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Loyal Order of Moose, has membership in the Evangelical Church, and his wife is a communicant of the Catholic Church. In 1899 Mr. Ritter was united in marriage with Miss Anna Hintershied, who was born in Columbus, Ohio, her father, Peter. Hintershied, having been a newspaper editor. Mr. and Mrs. Ritter have no children, and thus their parental instincts and affections come specially into play in connection with the care of the children of the home which is maintained under their fostering charge. H. L. REED & COMPANY. Under this corporate title is conducted one of the leading mercantile enterprises in the city of Mansfield, and of the large and well equipped dry good's establishment of this concern Henry Goetz, a native son of Mansfield, is now the general manager. The business of H. L. Reed & Company had its virtual inception nearly sixty years ago, for it was in the year 1865 that the late Captain Horace L. Reed, a young veteran soldier of the Civil war, here opened a book store. Captain Reed continued to conduct the book and stationery store until 1875, when he established himself in the wholesale notion business. Three years later J. B. Ink became associated with the enterprise, and a third partner was Pinkney Lewis. In 1883 the wholesale business was abandoned in order to concentrate the enterprise in the retail dry goods department, which had been established in 1880. Within the intervening years this substantial and popular concern has developed one of the foremost retail mercantile emporiums in the City of Mansfield, and its place is one of the important dry goods establishments of this section of Ohio. In 1894 Mr. Lewis severed his connection, and the business thereafter was continued under the firm name of H. L. Reed & Company until 1902, when, as a matter of commercial expediency, the business was incorporated, the original title being retained. The capital stock at incorporation was $60,000 and H. L. Reed continued president of the company until his death, when he was succeeded by his son Horace. E. C. A. Reed was made secretary of the company, and the other members of the board of directors were Jane Reed, and Henry Goetz. James L. Lauck, son-in-law of H. L. Reed, was connected with the business for a number of years until his death. Miss Helen Kaufman is now a member of the directorate of the company, and the establishment, known as " The Old Reliable," occupies the old Sturges corner, the most central and valuable business site in Mansfield and one that has been devoted to merchandising for more than a century; it being a matter of authentic record that on this corner a pioneer mercantile establishment was situated as early as the year 1815. The present building, four stories in height and 55 by 110 feet in dimensions, has been a landmark for fully three-quarters of a century, and the entire building is utilized by The H. L. Reed Company for the accommodation of its large and select stocks of dry goods, millinery, carpets, draperies and ready-to-wear garments for women and children. This establishment has built up a reputation for most efficient service to patrons, and its large and representative trade is based on such service and on an insistent policy of fair and equitable dealing, the only normal basis for the upbuilding of a prosperous business. The organization of the company is most effective, marked by loyalty and harmony, and among the sixty or more employes of the company are several who have been identified with the business the major part of their lives thus far. In appreciation of the founder of this old and important mercantile establishment recourse ,is taken from a sketch written by A. J. Baughman and published in the history of Richland County, formal marks of quotation being omitted, by reason of minor changes in the context. Capt. H. L. Reed was born in Portage County. Ohio, November 13, 1840, and in the old Buckeye State he was reared and educated. He was nineteen years of age at the inception of the Civil war, and soon gave evidence of his insistent patriotism by enlisting in August, 1862, as a member of Company I, One Hundred Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. After being advanced to the rank of second lieutenant, in 1863, he was almost constantly in command of his company, which served in the commands of General Scofield and General Thomas. Captain Reed was wounded while leading his company in a charge made at Fort Anderson, North Carolina, and he continued in active service until the close of the war. With his company he was mustered out in June, 1865, and after receiving his honorable discharge he soon established his residence at Mansfield, where he passed the remainder of his life. In the conducting of the book store, as noted in a preceding paragraph, he became associated with his brother, J. H. Reed, and his splendid initiative and executive ability later came effectively into play in the upbuilding of the great mercantile enterprise through which his name is still perpetuated and with which he continued his connection until his death. Mr. Reed was a man of sterling character and great civic loyalty, and he was for years senior deacon in the Congregational Church of Mansfield, active and influential in the various departments of its work and service. Henry Goetz, the present and honored general manager of the business of H. L. Reed & Company, was born and reared at Mansfield and was a mere lad when he became associated with the business of which he is now the executive head. His advancement has come as the natural result of ability and fidelity, and he has incidentally gained experience that gives him authoritative knowledge of all details and departments of the business now carried forward under his able supervision. He is one of the HISTORY OF OHIO - 59 liberal and loyal citizens of his native city and county and is ever ready to lend his influence and cooperation in the furtherance of measures and enterprises projected for the general good of the community. JOHN T. WATTERS is a native of Ohio, and since leaving high school has been identified with newspaper work in this and other states. He is the present manager of the Springfield Daily and Sunday Sun, one of the largest and most influential newspapers in Clark County. Mr. Watters was born at Toledo, Ohio, July 4, 1892, son of John T. and Margaret (Casey) Watters, being of Irish ancestry on both side. His paternal grandparents, Patrick and Bridget Watters, came from Ireland and settled in Ohio. John T. Watters, who died in January, 1923, was connected with the manufacturing business in Sturgis, Michigan. He was a Catholic. His widow is still living. There are two sons, Edward C. and John T. Edward married Charlotte Merman, of Toledo, and their children are named : William, Robert and Edward, Jr. John T. Watters attended public school in Toledo, graduated from the parochial high school in 1913, and his first work as a newspaper man was with the Toledo News-Bee, serving on its staff of reporters. Five years later, when the same interests that owned the News-Bee started a new publication in Chicago, Mr. Watters was selected as its business manager, and remained in that city several years. In 1917 he returned to Ohio and became assistant business manager of the Akron Beacon-Journal, serving it for two and one-half years, and then came to Springfield as general manager of the Sun, which is owned by the same interests that control the Akron Beacon-Journal. Mr. Watters during the World war was assigned to the fourth class. He is a Catholic and a Knight of Columbus. He married at Chicago, October 12, 1915, Miss Suzanne V. Bridoux, only child of Charles H. and Jeanne (Merot) Bridoux, both of French ancestry. Her father, who died in 1913, was a manufacturer of special sewing machines for making gloves, and was a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason. Mr. and Mrs. Watters have two children, named Charles J. and Suzanne M. WILLIAM C. MILLS, who served with the navy during the World war, represents the third generation of the Mills family in Clark County, and is the present county auditor. His grandfather, William Mills, was born in the north of Ireland, where he married Mary Johnson, and in 1847 came to America, soon afterwards establishing his home in Springfield, Ohio. He was a building contractor and landscape gardener, and was one of the first to hold the office of street commissioner. He was active in the Episcopal Church. His death occurred in July, 1877. His son, William Mills, Jr., was born at Springfield, Ohio, October 10, 1856, and in 1881 was elected to the office of street commissioner, which his father had held before him. He was educated in the public schools of Springfield. He early took up the contracting business, and for many years he and his brother Robert operated stone quarries and lime kilns, introducing the first large stone crusher in • the county. He is still in the building supply business and has a lime plant in Mad River Township. He is a member of the Episcopal Church, and a Knight Templar Mason and Shriner. William Mills married Mary C. Carr, daughter of Joseph and Jane k Courtney) Carr. Six children were born to their marriage : Charlotte, who died in infancy ; Mary C. ; William C.; Agnes R.; Joseph A., who was in the heavy artillery during the World war, and married Frances Todd, and has two children, and Robert H. William C. Mills was born at Springfield, August 13, 1895, graduated from high school in 1915, and for two years attended Wittenberg College. He enlisted September 17, 1917, and was sent to the Great Lakes Training Station, spending three months there, and in Charleston Navy Yard was assigned duty on board the U. S. S. Schurz. This boat in June, 1918, sank, all the crew escaping in life boats and rafts, and after three hours' float were picked up and returned to the Brooklyn Navy Yard. After that William C. Mills acted as quartermaster of the first class, and from Brooklyn Navy Yard was sent to South Chicago on the U. S. S. Wilmette, receiving his honorable discharge December 18, 1918. Following his return home he worked in a hardware store, attended the Willis Business College, for a short time was assistant storekeeper with the Ohio Electric Company, and was then with the Kelley Motor Truck Company until March 1, 1920, when he was appointed chief deputy auditor under R. W. McKinney. On the resignation of Mr. McKinney he was appointed auditor by the Board of County Commissioners, effective February 1, 1921, and in the fall of 1922 was regularly elected auditor for a term of four years. He is the youngest auditor the county has ever had. He married in October, 1920, at Springfield, Miss Dorothy W. Brain, daughter of Willard and Adella Brain, her father a lumberman. Mrs. Mills is the oldest of seven children, the others being George L., M. Jennett, Allen H., Virginia, Irvin and Marshall. Mr. and Mrs. Mills have two children, Willard Carr and Donald Richard, who represent the fourth generation of the family in Springfield. Mr. Mills is a member of the Oakland Presbyterian Church, is a Knight Templar Mason, a member of the Knights of Pythias, the Knights of Khorassan, and the college fraternity Alpha Tau Omega. HENRY JACOB POOL, M. D. Beginning the practice of his profession at Port Clinton, in 1902, Doctor Pool has become one of the best known surgeons along the lake shore district of Northern Ohio. His abilities some years ago were accorded special recognition when he was chosen a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. He is founder and proprietor of Pool Hospital, which was established in 1906. Doctor Pool was born at Toledo, Ohio, August 4, 1875, son of Jacob and Mary (Machen) Pool, who were also born in Toledo. His mother died at the age of thirty-five. His father in early years was a watchmaker of Toledo, and conducted a jewelry store on Cherry Street in that city until about 1894, when he went south to the State of Louisiana, and at Crowville, Louisiana, he became a cement contractor. He died there in 1921, at the age of sixty-nine. A devout Catholic, he built a church of that denomination at Winnesboro, Louisiana. He was a democrat, and was early very active in public affairs. In the family were eight children, seven of whom are still living. Arnold and Lewis are twin brothers, Arnold being a chiropractor at Toledo, and Lewis a real estate dealer. Alosius lives in New York. The oldest of the family was Mrs. Mary Webster, who died in Toledo. Two other daughters are Mrs. Bernandino Knapp, of Toledo, and Mrs. Florence Sulkie, wife of a farmer of Deerfield, Michigan. Henry Jacob Pool was thrown on his own resources, and in the midst of unfavorable circumstances he contrived the opportunities for his education and advancement. Probably no man in Ohio has a more intent love of his profession than Doctor Pool. As 60 - HISTORY OF OHIO a youth he was attracted to this profession, but there were many obstacles to be Overcome while qualifying himself. When he was eleven years of age he began learning the trade of watchmaker in Toledo, and worked there and at Adrian, Michigan, and Port Clinton, Ohio, branches. He had only the advantages of the common schools, and while working with a watchmaker he employed a private tutor and by diligent study perfected a liberal education. He passed an examination and entered the Cleveland College of Physicians and Surgeons, and paid. part of his expenses while there acting as assistant chemist. He was graduated in 1902. At school he had always been a research student, and he studies as hard today as he did in his early years of practice. He has attended many clinics, and has kept in touch with the eminent men in surgery and their work. His first partner in practice was Doctor Huffman, who was killed, and subsequently he was associated with Dr. C. C. Stark, who during the World war was called to service and is still with the Army Medical Corps. A former partner was Doctor Brindling, who is now practicing in Toledo, Ohio. His present partner is Dr. G. M. Reily. The equipment and facilities of the Pool Hospital are modern in every particular, and he has made its management conform with the regulations adopted by the American College of Surgery. During. the World war he offered his services, but on account of physical incapacity they were not accepted. However, he performed much duty as medical examiner of the local draft board. He has been a member of the city council, and was the first president of the Parent-Teachers, Association. He is president of the Kiwanis Club of Port Clinton, is a member of the Tri-State Medical Society, the Radiological Society of North America, the Ohio State and American Medical associations and is a Fellow in the American College of Surgeons. Doctor Pool is a Royal Arch Mason and a member of the Knights of Pythias. He married Miss Louis Dedreaux at Cleveland. She was a trained nurse, having graduated from the nurses' training school Of Pool Hospital. The three children of Doctor and Mrs. Pool are Lucile, born in 1908; Mary, born in 1911, and Betty, born in 1917. HON. MELL G. UNDERWOOD, of New Lexington, went into the Sixty-eighth Congress in 1923 to represent the Eleventh Ohio District, comprising the counties of Hocking, Perry, Fairfield, Ross and Pickaway. He is one of the youngest men in Congress and has had a brilliant career in politics in his home county of Ohio. A democrat he has carried a county normally republican three times. Mr. Underwood was born on a farm near Rosefarm in Perry County, January 30, 1892, son of James E. and Sarah (Newlon) Underwood. The grandfather, William Underwood, came from Virginia and was a pioneer settler in Morgan County, Ohio. Two of his older sons were soldiers in the Union army. The Newlon family also came from Virginia. James G. Underwood was born in Morgan County, and was a farmer, and interested in merchandising and coal mining, operating a mine at Misco. He was a democrat, a Methodist in his younger years, and was a charter member of the Knights of Pythias Lodge at Corning. He died in March, 1921, at the age of sixty-three. His widow, now sixty-five years of age and a resident of New Lexington, is a daughter of Rev. William Newlon, who was an old time itinerant Gospel minister, riding horseback and preaching all over Southeastern Ohio. He was affiliated with the Primitive Baptist Church and died at the venerable age of ninety-six years. He was a soldier in the Civil war. Sarah Newlon Underwood has always been a devout member of the Primitive Baptist Church and reared her children in the same faith. Among the children, C. R. Underwood is an engineer associated with the Star Manufacturing Company at New Lexington. J. R. Underwood, is a merchant at Somerset, Ohio. Ralph D., connected with the automobile business at New Lexington, was in the aviation service during the World war, being trained at Kelley Field in Texas and at Ebbits Field in Arkansas. The son, Granville G., died at the old homestead. Bryan K., who went overseas with the engineers, contracted the influenza and after coming home died at the age of twenty-four. A daughter, Forrest, is the wife of C. F. Harper, who is chief Of insulation for the Bell Telephone Company at Columbus. Congressman Mell G. Underwood grew up on a farm, and his advantages after leaving the country school were of his own making. He did farm work, worked in a brick yard at a dollar and a half a day, doing some of the heavy labor of that industry, and even while going to school distinguished himself for his leadership among his fellow students. He attended the New Lexington High School, and for three years was in Ohio State University. He taught school in rural districts in Perry County for three years. Mr. Underwood began the study of law in the office of Thomas 0. Crossin, and Judge T. D. Price, and attended the law department of Ohio State University in 1912-13. He was admitted to the bar in 1916, and in the same year was elected prosecuting attorney of Perry County. In that year he carried Perry County by a majority of 1,200, and in 1918 when reelected carried the county by 1,500 votes. In 1922 when he was nominated for congress to represent the Eleventh District, he carried his home county by 300 votes. Mr. Underwood during the World war was legal adviser for the Perry County Draft Board and served on many of the committees doing war work. He is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, is a member of the Royal Arch Chapter and Knight Templar Commandery, and Aladdin Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Columbus. He also belongs to the Elks and Knights Of Pythias. One of the important factors contributing to his success in the law and in politics has been his habit, acquired in early youth, always to play the game square and the result is that all his friends and associates have learned to repose the utmost confidence in him. Mr. Underwood married in 1915 Miss Mary E. Lewis, daughter of V. C. Lewis. She grew up at Cadiz, Ohio, is a graduate of the high school there, and of Ohio State University, and was a teacher in the rural districts of Harrison County until her marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Underwood have two children, Mell G. Jr., and Max L. MISS ELIZABETH DECKER is city treasurer of Hamilton, one of the few women to enjoy those or similar responsibilities in the public affairs of the state. Miss Decker represents a prominent family in Hamilton, being daughter of John and Catherine (Vinson) Decker. Her parents were born in Germany, her father of German and her mother of French parentage. On coming to America they settled in Canada, and then moved to Hamilton, Ohio. John Decker, after being naturalized, cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln for president. He was a Union soldier in the Civil war and for many years very active in the Grand Army of the Republic, serving on the staff Of commander Kissinger, of the Ohio Department of the Grand Army. His wife was a charter member of Wetzel Compton Woman's Relief Corps the Woman's Auxiliary of the Grand Army of the Republic. Mrs. John Decker was noted for her intense loyalty to America. On every legal holiday HISTORY OF OHIO - 61 she displayed an American flag before her dwelling and was thoroughly well informed on the origin of every such occasion. She started this custom as soon as her husband was made a naturalized American citizen, and continued it until her death. John Decker was for many years in business as a shoe merchant in Hamilton. After he retired from that he opened an office as a pension attorney, and kept up that work until his death. In the Decker family were three sons and five daughters: G. R. Decker, now consulting engineer in the City of New York; Fred R. Decker with the Wahl Eversharp Company of Chicago; John B. Decker with the Brownell Company of Dayton; Mrs. Sydney Snyder of Detroit; Mrs. R. F. McCombs and Mrs. H. L. Scott of Hamilton; Mrs. John G. Kaefer of Cincinnati, and Elizabeth. Elizabeth Decker was educated in Hamilton, attending the grammar and high schools. By assisting her father she acquired a thorough knowledge of the details of pension work and she subsequently opened an office in Hamilton as a pension attorney and followed the business until 1921. In that year she was elected treasurer of the City of Hamilton by a majority of seventy-eight, but in the 1923 election was returned to office by a majority of 2,599. Miss Decker is a republican in politics, and has done considerable campaign work for her party in the state campaign. She is a member of the Woman’s City Club, the Eastern Star, and the Altrusa Club and is a Universalist. She is very popular both as an official and in social circles. THE YOUNGSTOWN CUT STONE COMPANY. Under this title is conducted in the City of Youngstown, Mahoning County, a substantial industrial enterprise of important order, in the handling of cut sandstone and Indiana limestone cut for architectural purposes, The office of the company is at 44 Linden Avenue and the works are situated on Williamson Avenue. The interested principals in this progressive business concern are Charles A. Collins and Hector McDonald, and both are scions of fine old Scottish ancestry. Charles A. Collins was born in Midlothianshire, Scotland, September 1, 1862, and is a son of the late Joseph and Catherine (Martin) Collins. He received his early education by attending the schools of his native land, and there also he learned the trade of stone cutting. At the age of eighteen years Mr. Collins came to the United States, and he soon found employment at his trade, in Scranton, Pennsylvania. Later he followed his trade in Youngstown, Ohio, and here, in 1906, he became manager of the cut-stone works of Martin, Lobinger & Company. He continued his effective service in this executive capacity until February, 1923, when he became associated with Hector McDonald in purchasing the business with which he had been long identified and in the continuing of which the present title of the Youngstown Cut Stone Company was adopted. He is independent in politics, is a communicant of the Catholic Church, as was also his wife, and is affiliated with the American Insurance Union. In that year 1886 was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Collins to Miss Bridget Synon, who was born in Ireland, and whose death occurred, at Youngstown, in 1920, she being survived by seven children: Joseph is a resident of Youngstown, as is also Teresa, the wife of Robert Bailey; Catherine, Mary and Helen remain at the paternal home; Charles resides at Girard, this state; and Cecelia is the wife of William A. Maynard, of Youngstown. Hector McDonald was born at Gateside, Ayrshire, Scotland, November 22, 1870, and is a son of Hector and Mary (McDonald) McDonald, both of whom passed their entire lives in their native land. Mr. McDonald was reared and educated in Scotland, and upon coming to America he landed in the port of New York City on the 12th of April, 1907. About two weeks later he went to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and there he was employed at his trade, that of stonecutter, for the ensuing period of five and one-half years. He then came to Youngstown, Ohio, where he continued in the work of his trade until he formed the partnership with Mr. Collins, as noted in an earlier paragraph of this review. He and his family hold membership in the Presbyterian Church, he, like his business partner, is independent in political matters, and he is actively affiliated with the Order of Scottish Clans. In the year 1895 was recorded the marriage of Mr. McDonald to Miss Margaret Sampson, and their children are three in number : Agnes (Mrs. Allen), Hector, Jr., and May. WILLIAM RICHARD HORNER. It is generally admitted that the men who are best adapted for handling the problems presented to the executive of any large concern are those who have a practical experience back of them, and who have worked their way up from humble beginnings, for they are able to view each question from different standpoints. Such a man is William Richard Horner, president and general manager of the Frohman Chemical Company of Sandusky, one of the solidly practical men in his line in this part of Ohio. William Richard Horner was born at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, September 2, 1876, a son of Samuel M. and Lizzie S. (Room) Horner, also natives of Philadelphia. The paternal grandfather, Richard Horner, was born in Pennsylvania, and the maternal grandparents, Nathan D. and Hannah S. Room, were born at Philadelphia. After a useful life spent in working at his trade of a cooper Samuel M. Horner died at Philadelphia in 1894. His widow survives, and is living at Atlantic City, New Jersey. After he had completed his studies in the Franklin and Drexel institutes William Richard Horner took an engineering course with the Scranton Correspondence School. His initial business experience was gained as a clerk in a Philadelphia shoe store, and after a year he went with Ashbrook Lincoln, wholesale grocer, with whom he remained for five years. Entering then the employ of the Philadelphia Quartz Company as a laborer, he worked his way up during the sixteen years he. continued with that concern to be chief engineer. Leaving this company, he engaged with the Victor Talking Machine Company, Camden, New Jersey, as engineer, but a year later left to become superintendent of Meckling Brothers Chemical Company of Camden, New Jersey, and for the succeeding seven years held this position. On August 28, 1913, he came to Sandusky as general manager of the Frohman Chemical Company, and in 1921 was elected its president, so that now he is holding both positions. On June 10, 1898, Mr. Horner married Miss Orvilla M. Belisle, born in New Jersey, a daughter of Robert S. and Josephine S. Belisle. Mrs. Horner died April 8, 1920, leaving no children. Mr. Horner belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a member of the .Erie County Auto Club, which he is now serving as president, is a director of the Sandusky Chamber of Commerce, and was one Of the organizers of the local body of Boy Scouts of America. In 1922 he was vice president of the Eastern Division of the Yellowstone Trail Association, and is now trailman of this organization. In politics he is a republican. He belongs to the Plum Brook Country Club. In 1923 he served as president of the Sunyendeand Club, was treasurer of the Sandusky 62 - HISTORY OF OHIO Rotary Club in 1923, and is a member of the Sandusky City Yacht Club and the Erie County Chapter, American Red Cross. He has held all of the offices in the different Masonic bodies, is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, and is (1924) eminent commander of Erie Commandery No. 23, Knights Templar, of Sandusky, Ohio, and is a Noble of the Mystic Shrine of Zenobia Temple at Toledo. He is a member of the National Masonic Research Society, and is a member of the Holy Order of High Priesthood. In addition to his Masonic connections he belongs to the Loyal Order of Moose, and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Mr. Horner is a man who rates his fraternal connections very high, and finds much satisfaction in his work in their behalf. MARTIN H. GILLEN has been a business man at Chesapeake and Lawrence County for a third of a century. It is his native town, and no one better known or more highly esteemed in that community than he. Mr. Gillen was born at Chesapeake, January 26, 1873, son of Isaac M. and Amy (Kimball) Gillen, both natives of Ohio and now deceased. His maternal grandfather was Asa Kimball and his paternal grandparents were William and Rachael Gillen. Martin H. Gillen has always been interested in local and family history. He has in his possession a copy of the old Columbus Gazette published June 17, 1824, containing an advertised list of lands for sale for taxes in Lawrence County. He also possesses the original marriage certificate of his paternal grandparents, dated in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, February 28, 1804, and issued by John Way, Justice of the Peace. In this document William Gillen and Rachael Frampton make oath that they-are free from all engagement or other impediment and have the consent of their parents to marry. Their signatures appear on the certificate, with those of twelve witnesses. Isaac M. Gillen was born in Lawrence County and died in 1907. He spent his active career as a farmer and although much interested in public affairs would never take office. He is a member of the Methodist Church. He and his wife had eleven children : Mrs. Eva T. Smith, deceased; Clarence, deceased; Kimball W.; Mrs. Rachael Kounse ; Mrs. Alice Waters; Cecil ; Mrs. Julia Nichols; John Frank and Sarah, deceased; and Martin H. Martin H. Gillen, the youngest of this large family, was reared on his father ,s farm and completed the work of the eighth grade of the district schools. Leaving school at the age of seventeen he engaged in the merchandise business at Chesapeake, and his active association with that line covered a period of thirty-two years. He finally sold out, and on January 1, 1921, with his two sons as equal partners, established the Chesapeake Auto Sales Company, agents for Ford cars. He now gives all his time to this growing and prospering business. In March, 1899, at Chesapeake, Mr. Gillen Married Amanda D. Adams, daughter of Joseph and Francis (Whitehead) Adams, natives of Ohio and now deceased. Her father was a farmer and a member of the Baptist Church. He died in 1912 at the age of eighty-one. In the Adams family were ten children: William, deceased; Mrs. Sarah Lake; Martha deceased; Mrs. Olive Brammer, deceased; Mrs. Alice Kerr, deceased; Charles H., deceased; Eliza; Mrs. Gillen, Mrs. Laura Brammer deceased; and Martin. The two business partners of Mr. Gillen are his only children. They are Hugh Loder and Garland A. Gillen. Hugh married Thelma Holland and has a Jon, Hugh Robert. Garland married Jennie Dillon a sister of the present county school superintendent of Lawrence County, and they have a son, William Hunter Gillen. Mr. Gillen and family are members of the Christian Church and he is affiliated with the Masonic Lodge. ERNEST P. DUERR is a member of a firm of general building contractors and manufacturers of building material at Pomeroy. He is general manager of the Pomeroy Cement Block Company. Mr. Duerr is one of the upright and thoroughly successful business men of his community and has made his own way in world since an early age. He was born near Pomeroy, April 22, 1888, a son of Philip and Mary (Priode) Duerr, and grandson of John George Duerr, and John Priode. Philip Duerr, a prosperous dairy farmer in Meigs County, was born near Syracuse in that county and is now sixty-eight years of age, while his wife is sixty-five. He has held various local offices on the school board and in the township, is a democrat and he and his wife are members of the German Methodist Episcopal Church. They had a family of two sons and five daughters. Ernest Duerr at the age of eighteen left school to go to work in coal mines. He was employed in the Ebersbach mines, for eight years working in the Charter Oak Mine owned by the family of that name. In the meantime he had become more or less familiar with the tools of the carpenter ,s trade, as had his brother John, and he and his brother and Wilbur Finlaw, putting a very small amount of capital together, and each of them having a reputation for industry and honesty that afforded a basis for credit, they bought the Ryther building material plant and took charge of a then unimportant industry. Each one of the partners has worked as well as helped manage the business, and the result has been a most wonderful growth and development. They manufacture cement blocks, operate a planing mill, and supply an immense amount of building material both retail and wholesale. The partners have built a large number of homes, stores and other business buildings, including the Ebersbach Department Store, the Mattie Lust office building in Pomeroy, the Masonic Hall at Chester, the Pittsburgh Mining Company's office and store and numerous others. Mr. Duerr in 1912 married Miss Lydia Lash, who was born at Elkhorn, Wisconsin, daughter of Fred Lash. They have three children, Geneva, Mary Phyllis, and George Mark. The family are members of the Enterprise United Brethren Church, Mr. Duerr being trustee of the church and secretary-treasurer of the church organization. He is also a speaker in the Sunday school. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias and Improved Order of Red Men, and has held all the offices in the Red Men,s lodge. He also belongs to the Kiwanis Club. MARTIN A. TUTTLE. For over half a century the name Tuttle has been associated with the profession of law and public affairs in Northeastern Ohio. The late Grandison N. Tuttle was one of the most brilliant forensic lawyers and public leaders in the state for many years. His son, Martin A. Tuttle, followed him in the legal profession and for a quarter of a century has been an active member of the bar at Painesville. The family is of old New England stock, coming from Connecticut to Ohio. In Connecticut lived a wheelwright named Joseph Tuttle, who was born at Lebanon that state on August 31, 1796. His son, Joseph Tuttle, was born at Bridgewater, Oneida County, New York, May 10, 1796, and in 1817 came to Northeastern Ohio and settled in Concord Township of Lake County when it was a wilderness, buying land and clearing up a farm from the woods. His HISTORY OF OHIO - 63 family lived in a log cabin for some years. He died in Concord Township, April 20, 1884. On January 2, 1823, he married Mrs. Mary (Kibbee) Adams, who was born at Barkhampstead, Connecticut, and died at Concord Township. A son of Joseph Tuttle, the Lake County pioneer, was the late Grandison N. Tuttle who was born in Concord Township, March 20, 1837. He was reared there, was married at Willoughby, and first engaged in the practice of law there. In October, 1869, he was elected Judge of the Probate Court of Lake County, and began his official duties in February, 1870, soon afterward moving his home to Painesville. After serving on the Probate bench three terms, or nine years, he resumed his law practice. The same ability that made him so successful in winning cases at court brought him prominence in politics and public affairs. His chief distinction in Ohio politics came during the decade of the '70s in the strenuous fight he made against James A. Garfield, the Congressman representing that district. He had cast his first vote for John C. Fremont at the outset of the republican party, but after his political battle with Garfield he left the old party, becoming a leader in the Greenback-Liberal organization during the early '80s, and was a speaker for its candidate in many counties of Ohio. In 1896 he gave his support to William J. Bryan, and after that was usually aligned as a democrat, though at all times rather independent of party. In his younger years he served as a justice of the peace at Willoughby, and on the minority ticket accepted a place as candidate for a number of offices on the bench and also for Congressman. In his later years he became an ardent admirer of President Wilson, and was also a radical temperance worker having the greater influence in that cause from the fact that he was himself a total abstainer. Among his many friends in Northern Ohio he is spoken as an unsurpassed conversationalist and in his daily intercourse as well as in his public speeches he made liberal use of the resources of an extensive reading in general literature, history, philosophy and religion. Grandison N. Tuttle, who died at Painesville, August 7, 1922, married Elizabeth A. Wilder, who was born at Vernon, New York, February 27, 1834, and died at Painesville, August 14, 1912. Their oldest child, Carlos G., died when seven years old, and Martin A., is the second child. Mary C., married Clarence T. Mehaffey, who was secretary and manager of the Lake County Savings and Loan Company, and president and manager of the Mehaffey Abstract Company at Painesville. The fourth child, Walter S., is connected with the Diamond Alkali Company of Painesville. Martin A. Tuttle, was born at Willoughby in Lake County, March 12, 1869, and was an infant when the family home was moved to Painesville. He graduated from the high school in 1888, after which he pursued the classical course in Adelbert College of Western Reserve University, graduating Bachelor of Arts in 1892, and in 1894, the degree Master of Arts was conferred upon him. In the meantime he had read law here in his father,s office, and he completed the three years law course at Western Reserve Law School in two years, from 1892 to 1894. He was admitted to the Ohio bar June 5, 1894, but instead of immediately beginning practice, served four years as superintendent of schools of Painesville and Willoughby Township. In January, 1898, he started the formal practice of the law, and for a quarter of a century has been busy with a general practice. He is perhaps best known as an authority on municipal law. From 1903 to 1909 he served as solicitor of the City of Painesville, and again since 1920 has held that office. His own law offices are at 330 Main Street. Mr. Tuttle during 1914-15 was director of service of the City of Painesville, and in 1920 was chairman of the city council. He is a democrat, is a member of the board of trustees of the First Congregational Church, at Painesville, is a member of the Delta Epsilon college fraternity, the Lake County Chamber of Commerce, the Lake County Bar Association. Among his active connections with business he is a director of the Lake County Savings and Loan Company, a director of the First National Bank of Willoughby, a director of the Midland Realty Company of Painesville, and director of the Champion Building Company of Painesville. Besides his residence on Manor Avenue in Painesville, he owns a farm and summer home three miles east of the city on Grand River. During the World war Mr. Tuttle was on the executive committee of Lake County for handling the sale of all the Liberty Bond issues except the first and similarly did good work for the Red Cross and the Young Men,s Christian Association. He spoke at numerous patriotic meetings throughout the county. September 3, 1902, at Painesville, Mr. Tuttle married Miss Florence Allen, daughter of Horace and Tamzin (Churchward) Allen, the latter living with Mr. and Mrs. Tuttle. Her father who died at Painesville was a farmer. Mrs. Tuttle finished her education in the Lake Erie College at Painesville. To their marriage were born four children: Margaret A., who has finished the junior year in Oberlin College; Charlotte I., who has completed her sophomore year at Oberlin College; Allen G., who has completed his second year in the Painesville High School; and Elizabeth A., in grammar school. FREDERICK EMMONS still continues his alliance, though not in an official t apacity, with the Hinde & Dauch Paper Company, one of the important commercial concerns in the City of Sandusky and of which he was president for two years. Mr. Emmons was born at Crestline, Crawford County, Ohio, July 30, 1870, and is a son of Rev. Eugene and Frances (Shreck) Emmons, the former of whom was born at Milan, Erie County, Ohio, of which Sandusky is the county seat, and the latter was born in Baden, Germany, a daughter of John and Caroline Shreck, who established their home at Milan, Erie County, Ohio, when their daughter Frances was a child. Benjamin and Caroline (Holland) Emmons, paternal grandparents of the subject of this sketch, were early settlers of Milan, Erie County, and Benjamin Emmons was born at Woodstock, Vermont, of Colonial New England ancestry. Benjamin Emmons and his wife married while they were students in college, and they then settled in Milan. He also attended Illinois College at Jacksonville, Illinois, and Oxford and Kenyon colleges in Ohio. He was admitted to the bar, and practiced for a number of years in Erie County. Eugene Emmons followed for a term of years in Ohio his trade of millwright, and engaged in the lumber business. He was ordained a clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, as a minister of which he now has a pastoral charge in the State of Arkansas. His wife passed away in 1898. In the public schools of Ohio Frederick Emmons continued his studies until his graduation from the high school, in 1892, at East Townsend, Huron County, Ohio, and later from Caton's Commercial Business College, Cleveland, Ohio, and thereafter he held for a short time a position as bookkeeper at Clarksville, Tennessee. He then went to the City of Seattle, Washington, and became associated with the firm of Maney-Gorig & Rydstron, engaged in the contracting and building business, in which connection they had the contract for the building of Government fortifications at Admiralty Head, Washington, now known as 64 - HISTORY OF OHIO Fort Casky. In 1900 he removed to Spokane, that state, and became concerned in mining development in Northern Washington and Northern Idaho. In 1903 Mr. Emmons established his residence in Sandusky, Ohio, and after a few years of service as bookkeeper and accountant for the Hinde-Dauch Paper Company he became secretary and assistant treasurer of the Hinde & Dauch Paper Company, which is engaged in the manufacturing of corrugated paper products. He retained this office until 1922. In that year he was chosen president of the company, and this office he retained until January, 1924, since which time his alliance with the corporation has continued in a non-executive capacity. Mr. Emmons has been a loyal worker in advancing the progressive civic and business policies of the Sandusky Chamber of Commerce, of the members' council of which he was chairman two years, besides having served as a director of the organization. He has membership in the Sunyendeand Club, of which he has served as president and a trustee, and he has also been called to the office of commodore of the Sandusky Yacht Club, in the affairs of which he has taken most lively interest. He is a member also of the Plum Brook Country Club. Mr. Emmons is a stalwart in the local ranks of the republican party, has served as secretary of its County Central Committee in Erie County, as well as a delegate to its state conventions in Ohio. He is affiliated with and has passed the official chairs in the Masonic Order. He has received the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite, besides being a Noble of the Mystic Shrine, and is a member of Zenobia Temple at Toledo, Ohio. He is also a member of the Knights of Pythias, Sandusky Lodge, Sandusky, Ohio. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, while his wife is a member of the Christian Science Church. The year 1900 recorded the marriage of Mr. Emmons and Miss Jeanette Elizabeth Rea, in Spokane, Washington, who was born at Caney, Howard County, Kansas, and who is a daughter of Isaac and Luvicy Rea. Mr. and Mrs. Emmons have one son, Eugene Frank, who was born August 9, 1901, in Grangeville, Idaho, and who is now secretary and treasurer of the Union Chain Company of Sandusky. Eugene F. Emmons was graduated from the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, as a member of the class of 1922, and in the following year he took a post-graduate course in Harvard University. ELBERT F. BLAKELY, a Painesville attorney, who has practiced law in Lake County for over a quarter of a century and is a former prosecuting attorney, is of old New England stock and Revolutionary ancestry. His great-grandfather David Blakely, who was baptized July 30, 1749, in Roxbury Parish, Connecticut, became a soldier in the Third Company of the First Regiment under General Wooster, his company being recruited in New Haven County. He served in the siege of Boston. After the war he removed to Pawlet, Vermont, and was a farmer there the rest of his life. On February 28, 1776, he married Phoebe Hall, a daughter of Thomas Hall. The old homestead at Pawlet was owned by the descendants of David Blakely, until 1921. His son, Nathaniel Blakely, who was born at Paw-let, Vermont, May 6, 1798, removed when a young man to Gainesville, New York, became a farmer, and coming to Ohio in 1854 bought the Grand River Mills a water power flour and feed mill at Madison in Lake County. He died at Madison in 1883. He was appointed an ensign of the One Hundred and Seventy-first Regiment of New York Infantry, his commission being signed by Governor DeWitt Clinton, February 28, 1827. Nathaniel Blakely married Polly Law, who was born at Wells, Vermont, and died at Madison, Ohio, December 30, 1874. Harlow W. Blakely, father of the Painesville attorney, was born at Gainesville, New York, June 28, 1844, and was ten years of age when his parents came to Lake County, Ohio. He was reared at Madison, became a farmer, and lived out his life in that community, where he died June 6, 1910. He was a republican, served a number of years as trustee of Madison Township, and was an active supporter of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1862 at the age of eighteen he enlisted as a soldier of the Union, and was with Company D, of the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio Infantry until at the battle Chickamauga on September 19, 1863, he was shot through the left lung and was a long time in even partially recovering. Though he reached the age of sixty-six, his death was primarily due to his old wound. Harlow W. Blakely married Alta C. Follett, who was born at Madison, Ohio, July 26, 1846, and died June 30, 1909, at Ashtabula. She was a daughter of Almeron and Clarinda (Miller) Follett. Almeron Follett was born at Dalton, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, in 1810, and in 1821 his mother came to Ohio and settled in Madison. He grew up there, followed the trade of carpenter and was a farmer, and died at Madison in 1896. Almeron Follett was a son of Roger Follett, who was born at Wyoming, Pennsylvania, August 9, 1763, and died when the son was eighteen months old. In 1821 Almeron came to Ohio with his mother and settled in Madison, where some of his older brothers then resided. The father of Roger was Benjamin Follett, Jr., who was born March 28, 1715, and lived for many years at Windham, Connecticut. His father, Benjamin Follett, Sr., was born at Salem, Massachusetts, in 1676, moving to Windham, Connecticut, in 1709, and died in 1752. The emigrant ancestor and the father of Benjamin, Sr., was Robert Follett, who was born in 1625 and spent most of his life at Salem, Massachusetts, where he died in 1708. Elbert F. Blakely was born at Madison and Lake County, October 29, 1876, being the younger of the two children of his parents. His sister, Stella C., is the wife of Thomas H. Clark, a railroad employe at Ashtabula. Elbert F. Blakely attended public schools at Madison, graduating from the high school in 1893. For a year he taught school and read law at Madison, and in 1896 graduated with the Bachelor of Law degree from the law school of the University of Michigan. Admitted to the bar in 1896, he has steadily practiced his profession at Painesville. His offices are in the Painesville National Bank Building. Since 1909 he has been a partner of George W. Alvord in the firm of Alvord and Blakely. An associate member of the firm is Winfield S. Slocum. Mr. Blakely is a veteran of the Spanish-American war, having enlisted a year or so after he began the practice of law. He was corporal of Company M, of the Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He enlisted June 20, 1898, and was mustered out November 5, of the same year. He was sent to Tampa, Florida, and the Fifth Regiment was embarked ready to sail to Cuba when their vessel was rammed by another transport, and the war was over before another vessel could be secured. While in the South Mr. Blakely, like many other soldiers of that war, was stricken with typhoid malaria, and was in the hospital at Fort Thomas, Kentucky. Following this army service he was captain of Company M of the Fifth Regiment of the Ohio National Guard during 1900-02. Mr. Blakely served as prosecuting attorney of Lake County, from 1904 to 1911. He is a republican, is a member of the Painesville Methodist Episcopal Church, being trustee of the church property, and is affiliated with Temple Lodge No. 28, Free and Accepted Masons, Painesville Chapter No. 46, Royal HISTORY OF OHIO - 65 Arch Masons, Eagle Commandery No. 29, Knights Templar, is past grand of Cornucopia Lodge No. 212, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and belongs to the Knights of the Maccabees, the Sons of Veterans and the United Spanish War Veterans. He is a director of the Lake County Chamber of Commerce, and a member of the Ohio State and American Bar Association also Lake County Bar Association. Among other business interests, he is a director of the Citizens Savings & Loan Company of Painesville, is president of the Harbor Land Company, with offices at Painesville, and is a director of the Fairport Painesville & Eastern Railroad Company. His home which he built in 1914 is of the Colonial style of architecture at 120 West High Street. During the World war Mr. Blakely was a member of the Legal Advisory Board of Lake County, and was one of the first four of the seventeen attorneys selected from the Cleveland District to go to France to assist the judge advocate general, but the armistice was signed before this mission was carried out. On December 20, 1899, at Madison, Ohio, Mr. Blakely married Miss Jessie M. Quirk, daughter of Thomas and Caroline (Burns) Quirk, now deceased. Her father was a farmer and was trustee of Madison Township for several terms. The oldest child of Mr. and Mrs. Blakely, Dorothy J., died at the age of eighteen months. Margaret C., is now a student in the Ohio Wesleyan University, Thomas Harlow, is a senior in the Painesville High School, and Elbert Quirk is in the grammar school. CLARENCE B. DILLON has been actively and successfully identified with educational work in Ohio for more than a quarter of a century, he having been a teacher in the public schools ,fourteen years, his service in this connection having included that of high-school principal, and after six years, tenure of the position of district superintendent of schools in Lawrence County he was here elected county superintendent of schools, an office in which he is, in 1923, serving his sixth consecutive year in which his administration has been marked by the loyalty and progressive policies that ever conserve effciency and high standards. At the time of this writing, in the summer of 1923, Mr. Dillon has under consideration the resignation of his office and the acceptance of the superintendency of the public, schools of Glouster, Athens County. He has been an enthusiast in his profession, and his work at all times has been distinctly constructive and effective. He is a member of the Lawrence County Teachers Association, the Ohio State Teachers Association, the National Teachers Association and the National Association of Superintendents of Schools. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, including the Order of the Eastern Star, and with the Knights of Pythias. Mr. Dillon was born in the little village of Getaway, Lawrence County, Ohio, on the 17th of August, 1877. He is a son of Patrick H. and Sarah E. (Sites) Dillon, the former of whom is deceased and the latter of whom still resides in this county. Patrick H. Dillon passed his entire life in Ohio, and as a young man physical disability caused him to be rejected for service as a soldier in the Civil war. He made a record of successful work as a teacher in the district schools of Lawrence County and was long numbered among the representative farmers of this county. He was influential in community affairs and served as township assessor and trustee, as well as a member of the school board of his district. He was an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which his widow likewise is a devout adherent. He was a son of Vincent Dillon and the family name of his mother was Jackson, the Dillons being of Irish lineage and the Jacksons of English. The first representatives of the Dillon family in Ohio came from Pennsylvania and settled in Monroe County, and it was from that county that Vincent Dillon came to Lawrence County, where he became a pioneer farmer and where he and his wife passed the remainder of their lives. Mrs. Sarah E. (Sites) Dillon, now venerable in years, is a daughter of the late Charles W. and Hannah (Scott) Sites, the lineage tracing back to German and Scotch origin. In the public schools of Getaway and Windsor Township, Lawrence County, Clarence B. Dillon acquired his preliminary education, and after teaching two years in the rural schools he attended the Ohio Normal School at Ada, in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1902. He has been unceasing in his efforts to advance his individual education to liberal standards, and thus it may be noted that in August, 1911, he was graduated in the Ohio Northern University, at Ada, from which he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and that in 1918 he was graduated in the Ohio State Normal School at Athens. Of his splendid achievement in the pedagogic profession and as an executive in the directing of educational work, adequate mention has been made in an earlier paragraph of this review. In politics Mr. Dillon is aligned in the ranks of the republican party, and he and his wife are zealous members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. At South Point, Lawrence County, on the 24th of April, 1907, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Dillon to Miss Elizabeth Ferguson, daughter of Theodore and Mollie (Davidson) Ferguson, who reside on their home farm in this county, both being members of the Baptist Church and both having been born and reared in Ohio. Prior to her marriage Mrs. Dillon had been a successful and popular teacher, and in this connection she held for some time the position of critic teacher in Marshall College, at Huntington, West Virginia. She, like her husband, is affiliated with the Order of the Eastern Star. Mr. and Mrs. Dillon have no children of their own, but have reared in their home an adopted daughter, Leona. HARRY RILEY SPITLER, N. D., D. O. S. In the special department of his calling to which he has devoted his principal efforts Dr. Harry Riley Spitler, of Eaton, Doctor of Neuropathy and Doctor of Optometric Science, has gained much more than local reputation. A man of broad experience and thorough and comprehensive training, he has advanced steadily both in standing and practice and the high esteem in which he is held by his fellow practitioners is evidenced in his position as president of the Ohio State Association of Optometrists. Doctor Spitler was born April 1, 1889, at Sidney, Shelby County, Ohio, and is a son of Joseph L. and Martha (Good) Spitler, residents of Bradford, Pennsylvania, where Joseph L. Spitler is engaged in merchandising. The early education of Doctor Spitler was acquired in the public schools of Union City, Indiana, and after his graduation from high school he became a student in the Ohio Northern University and later in the University of Indiana. In 1909 he graduated from the Macfadden School of Mechano Therapy, then entering the National College of Chiropractic, from which he graduated in 1911. This was followed by post-graduate work at the Davis College of Neuropathy, where he specialized in Ophthalmology and Neuropathy. He then became physician in charge of Crab Orchard Sanitarium, at Crab Orchard, Kentucky, a post which he retained from 1911 until 1914, and in the meantime he practiced his calling. In 1919 was a student of applied optics at the Ohio State University. Doctor Spitler was director of education and editor of the Ohio State Journal of Optometry from 1919 to 1923, receiving the degree of Doctor of Optometric Science (honorary) in 1920 from the Nee- 66 - HISTORY OF OHIO dles Institute of Optometry, and 1924 was elected president of the Ohio State Association of Optometrists, a position which he retains. Late in the year 1915 he was appointed to be examiner in Neuropathy for the Ohio State Medical Board, a position he now holds. From 1916 to 1919 Doctor Spitler was president of the Ohio Association of Neuropathists. At present he is a member of that association, the Ohio State Association of Optometrists, the American Optometric Association, of which he is also a trustee, and the American Naturopathic Association. He is a Mason and a Shriner, belongs to the Sigma Phi Kappa fraternity, and in his politics is a republican. He is a past president and former secretary of the Eaton Chamber of Commerce. In 1923 he was a candidate in the primary election for mayor of Eaton. Doctor Spitler is the author of the word "iridiagnosis," used in drugless therapy, the name applied to a method of diagnosis, which he coined in 1914. Doctor Spitler married Dr. Florence Marie Wilcox, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, a graduate of the Chicago College of Neuropathy, class of 1912, and who was head nurse at the Crab Orchard Sanitarium, Crab Orchard, Kentucky. They have one foster son: J Ward, born December 16, 1920. ALFRED M. BARLOW of Gallipolis was one of the young American officers on the battle front in France and Belgium, was severely wounded in the closing days of the great struggle, and after partially recovering he took up the study of law and is now the prosecuting attorney of Gallia County. Mr. Barlow was born at Gallipolis, July 18, 1890, son of Marion S. and Eva (Browne) Barlow. His paternal grandparents were Stephen and Eliza (Bryson) Barlow. The Barlows came to Ohio in 1803 from Fairfield, Connecticut, where the old Barlow home is still standing. The maternal grandfather of the Gallia County attorney was Edward Browne. Alfred M. Barlow is a charter member of the Society of Sons and Daughters of Pilgrims at Columbus, and in ancestry is eligible for membership in the society of the Cincinnati. His mother is living at Gallipolis. Marion S. Barlow, who died in 1917 was in early life a merchant and coal dealer, and in the Civil war served as a sergeant in Company B of the Ninety" first Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was in the army three years, and after the war engaged in the shoe business at Pekin, Illinois. He sold out his business there, and in 1883 located at Gallipolis. He was an active worker in the Methodist Episcopal Church, serving as steward, and a member of the official board. He and his wife had two children, Alfred M. and Edwin Morley. Edwin, who died Thanksgiving Day 1920, married Mary Hall. Alfred M. Barlow was reared at Gallipolis, graduating from the high school in 1909. He spent two and one half years in Ohio State University at Columbus, and returning home, attended the Normal Department of Rio Grande College. On April 2, 1917, a few days before America entered the World war, he was commissioned second lieutenant of the Ohio National Guards. On April 14 the guards were mustered into the national service, and in October of that year, his regiment went to Camp Sheridan, Alabama, where it remained until May, 1918. Then after a brief stay at Camp Lee he sailed with the regiment June 17, 1918 from Newport News, his regiment being part of the Thirty-seventh Division. He landed at Brest, was in training for three weeks, and was then sent to the Baccarat Sector at Bourmont. August 4, 1918, his regiment took the first trenches in the front line, and was on front line duty until September 16. The regiment then moved by slow march to the Argonne and started the offensive drive September 26, and continued it until relieved October 1. The regiment then returned to the quiet area at Pugny sur Meuse and was then ordered into Belgium at Ypres and started the attack on Oessene and across the Escaut River to Heurne. It was at the latter place that Alfred M. Barlow was wounded and lost his left leg. He was first sent to the British Red Cross Hospital at Wemereaus, and in December, 1918, was taken to London, England, and from there sailed to the United States. On his arrival he entered Embarkation Hospital No. 1, and on January 30, 1919, was removed to the Walter Reed Hospital in Washington. On February 28, 1919, nearly two years after he had enlisted, he was given his honorable discharge. He remained at Washington to attend the Law Department of George Washington University, and the following summer, completed his literary education at the Rio Grande College, which gave him the Bachelor of Arts degree. He finished his law studies in Ohio State University, graduating Bachelor of Laws and after that was engaged in private practice at Gallipolis. In the fall of 1922 he was elected prosecuting attorney, beginning his term in January, 1923. Mr. Barlow married, December 28, 1920, at Bellefontaine, Ohio, Miss Marion Sullivan, daughter of John C. and Emma May (Halbath) Sullivan. John C. Sullivan has long been a permanent figure in the political life of his section of Ohio. He served two terms as sheriff and was deputy sheriff for six terms, was county tax commissioner under the old law, and now has charge of the big game preserve at Indian Lake. He was one of the first men in his party to give enthusiastic support to Frank Willis as potential candidate for governor, and in his part of the state, at least, had much to do with developing sentiment for Mr. Willis. He is a Knight of Pythias and a member of the Methodist Church. In the Sullivan family are two children, Carmen A., and Marion. Carmen married Elsie Beardsley and has one child Marion. Mr. Barlow is senior warden in the Episcopal Church, his wife being a member of the Methodist denomination. He belongs to the college fraternities Sigma Chi and Phi Alpha Delta, is a member of the Masonic Lodge, the Elks, and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. J. M. HIGGINS, M. D. A native of Athens County, a practicing physician for thirty years, Doctor Higgins has done most Of his professional work in his home county. Since 1902 he has been city health officer of Athens, and has been county health commissioner since 1919. Doctor Higgins was born on a farm three miles south of Athens, October 4, 1861, and is a member of a family that has been in Southeastern Ohio for more than a century. His great-grandfather, Andrew Higgins, was probably a native of Ireland, and in pioneer times he brought his family from the vicinity of Pittsburgh to Athens County. His son Michael, grandfather of Doctor Higgins, was probably an infant when brought to Ohio, later became famous as a hunter and trapper on all the streams in the southeastern part of the state. He lived to the age of seventy-five. He married Polly McClintic, who reached the advanced age of ninety. Michael Higgins was a democrat in politics. The parents of Dr. J. M. Higgins were Joseph S. and Hannah Ward (Hibbard) Higgins, both born in Athens County. His father was killed by a falling tree in 1902 at the age of seventy-five. The mother died the following year at the age of seventy-six. Joseph S. Higgins was a progressive farmer in Athens County, and always kept fine cattle, hogs and sheep. For six years he held the office Of county commissioner. After the Civil war he became a republican. He was father of ten children. The five sons were: Dr. C. H. Higgins, who graduated HISTORY OF OHIO - 67 from Ohio University in 1887, took his Doctor of Medicine degree at the University of Louisville, is also a graduate of Southwest College of Homeopathy, is now in practice at Zanesville, Ohio. Joseph is a farmer near Athens, and Cyrus and Daniel are both at the old homestead farm. Dr. J. M. Higgins during his youth on the farm attended the district schools, and for several years was a teacher. He earned the money required for his advanced education. In 1887 he graduated from Ohio University at Athens, and for two years read law and was admitted to the bar. However, he never became seriously engaged in the practice of law. About that time he took up newspaper work in Fairfield and Perry counties, and subsequently went to Louisville, Kentucky, where he joined the force of the late Colonel Watterson's great paper, the Courier Journal. He worked in nearly all the departments of that paper, from linotype operator to reporter. His duties with the Courier Journal required most of his night hours, and during the day he carried on his studies in the medical department of the University of Louisville. He was graduated Doctor of Medicine in 1893, and then engaged in practice at Louisville, until 1899. In the latter year he returned to Athens, and has kept up his continuous duties as a physician and surgeon here for nearly a quarter of a century. Doctor Higgins served four years as school examiner of the county, and has always been active in civic affairs. He is a republican in politics. He is past exalted ruler of the local Lodge of Elks. In 1892 he married Miss Elizabeth Farmer. They have two children. The son, Dr. L. M. Higgins, is a graduate of Johns Hopkins University Medical Department and since 1920 has been resident physician of Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore. The daughter, Louisa, is the wife of Dr. F. C. Langenberg, now associated with the medical staff of the Watertown Hospital. Both Dr. L. M. Higgins and Doctor Langenberg are graduates of Ohio University at Athens. W. L. TOBEY has been a successful figure in Ohio journalism for over thirty years, beginning during his college days. With a brief exception all his work has been with one publication, the Hamilton Daily Republican-News. Mr. Tobey was born at Upshur, Preble County, Ohio, November 27, 1870. After attending the public schools he attended Miami University in 1886 when only fifteen years of age, and was graduated Bachelor of Arts in 1891. At Miami he was interested in all phases of student life, but particularly in literary organizations, being a member of the Miami Union Literary Society. With others he established the Miami Journal, which subsequently became the Miami Student, and for three years was editor and general manager of that college paper. He also began to work on a catalogue of the alumni of Miami University, and in 1891 published a triennial catalogue for the board of trustees. He was a member of the fraternity Beta Theta Pi and from 1893 to 1896 was one of the board of directors of that fraternity. After leaving university Mr. Tobey joined the staff of the Dayton Evening Herald and for a time was editor of the Dayton Sunday Herald. In 1892 he became editor of the Hamilton Daily Republican. The Republican Publishing Company on March 21, 1898, acquired the News and Telegraph, consolidating the two papers under the name, Daily Republican-News. For a quarter of a century Mr. Tobey has directed the destiny of this successful journal as general manager and editor. His paper is published in one of the most modern printing establishments in Southern Ohio. Mr. Tobey in 1904 with others acquired the Dayton Journal and thus extended his interest in the Ohio newspaper field. Mr. Tobey has always been interested in his alma mater, and in December, 1895, Governor McKinley appointed him a trustee of Miami University and he was reappointed by Governor Nash in 1901. In June, 1903, he was elected president of the board of trustees. He is affiliated with Washington Lodge No. 17, Free and Accepted Masons; Hamilton Chapter No. 21, Royal Arch Masons; Hamilton Council No. 19, Royal and Select Masters; Hamilton Commandery No. 41, Knights Templar ; Hamilton Lodge No. 93, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and Lone Star, Lodge No. 39, Knights of Pythias. December 19, 1894, Mr. Tobey married Miss Fannie Douglas Smith, of Hamilton. HAL C. DE RAN has for over thirty years been Et member of the Sandusky County Bar, is a former member of the Legislature, and has proved his loyalty on many occasions in his home city of Fremont. He was born on a farm in Ballville Township, Sandusky County, December 17, 1872, son of Dennis and Anna (Flumerfelt) De Ran. He grew up on a farm, attended the rural schools of his home district, and after his public school education, entered the Law School of the University of Michigan, where he was graduated with the class of 1893. He was then twenty-one years of age, and after being admitted to the Ohio, bar, engaged in practice at Fremont. Mr. De -Ran has always handled a general practice, and has been identified with a number of important cases in the local and state courts. A forceful public speaker, he has been an active participant in many democratic party campaigns. He was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1897, serving four years. He was a member of the minority party in the House, but rendered some good service in behalf of his home county and city. Mr. De Ran is a member of the Ohio State Historical and Archeological Society, and is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Knights of Pythias at Fremont. He married Miss Mabel Hubbard, daughter of John Hubbard, of Sandusky County. Their two children are Catherine and Hal C., Jr. ALBERT FRANKLIN SARVER, M. D. The medical profession is ably represented at Greenville, Ohio, and here, as elsewhere in educated, cultivated communities, its members are held in the high esteem that their scientific requirements and their professional achievements so richly deserve. One of the younger members of the medical fraternity at Greenville is Dr. Albert Franklin Sarver, physician and surgeon, and an overseas veteran of the World war. Doctor Sarver is president of the Darke County Medical Association. Albert Franklin Sarver was born in Darke County, Ohio, September 3, 1888, and is a son of Adam and Della Sarver, residents of Greenville, where his father is engaged in the tobacco business. For a number of years before coming to Greenville Adam Sarver was a successful farmer and stockraiser in Darke County, where the family first settled in pioneer days. In the country schools and the public schools of Arcanum, Ohio, Doctor Sarver spent his boyhood and early youth, then turned his attention to medical study and entered the medical department of Ohio State University, from which he was graduated in 1913. Following graduation he served during 191314 as interne in Mount Carmel Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, and then located at Greenville and established himself here in the practice of his profession. The coming of the great World war brought to him, as to thousands of others, radical changes in his life. On 68 - HISTORY OF OHIO December 9, 1917, he entered the service of the United States, and spent the following three months in the Medical Officers Training Camp at Fort Riley, Kansas. He was then attached to the Three Hundred Fifty-fifth United States Infantry, Eighty-ninth Division, Camp Funston, Kansas, and with this unit started overseas June 2, 1918, and was safely landed at Liverpool, England. After fifteen days at Camp Woodley, near Winchester, the division sailed. from Southampton for France, landed at Havre, and went to the Vosges battle front on the 8th of August, there being but three months interval between the peaceful environments of his native land and the fury of battle and destruction on foreign soil, the full story of which has never yet been adequately told. He served on that battle front until October 26, being under fire for 100 days, then fell sick and was sent to Base Hospital 49, Alery, France, and later to the Convalescent Hospital at Hyers. He returned to the United States by way of Paris and Bordeaux February 2, 1919, and was honorably discharged at Camp Dix February 10, 1919. As soon as possible Doctor Sarver resumed practice at Greenville, and occupies a position of high merit here. He is identified with numerous professional organizations and, as noted above, is president of the Darke County Medical Association, of which he had been secretary for six years. Doctor Sarver married at Greenville, December 28, 1920, Miss Naomi Arens, and they have a daughter, La Jenne, who was born August 19, 1922. Doctor and Mrs. Sarver are members of the Presbyterian Church. He belongs to the American Legion and was active in assisting in the organization of the American Legion Band, now the official band of this body in the State of Ohio. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge at Greenville, belongs also to the Red Men and the Elks, and still preserves his membership in the Phi Kappa Greek letter fraternity of university days. CURTIS E. MCBRIDE. Numbered among the skilled, resourceful and highly cultured attorneys practicing at the bar of Mansfield, Curtis E. McBride is easily one of the most distinguished men of Richland County, and one whose influence has had a determining effect upon his times. He was born in Richland County, August 11, 1858, a member of one of the old families of this region. His grandfather, Alexander McBride, located in Monroe Township, Richland County, about 1800, coming here from Hampshire County, Virginia, and about the same time another resident of that county, Lambert La Rue, also settled in Monroe Township. Alexander McBride's wife was the daughter of Benjamin Barnes. The son of Alexander McBride and his wife, Union McBride, married Nancy Jane Smart, a native of Richland County whose father, Joseph Smart, was a son of William Smart, who erected the first house in what was then Franklinton, Ohio, but is now a part of the city of Columbus. William Smart subsequently returned to Pennsylvania, where he married, and then with his wife came back to Ohio and settled in Monroe Township. He, his son Joseph Smart, Alexander McBride and Lambert La Rue all lived into a ripe old age, and all enjoyed the confidence and respect of their neighbors. Union McBride and his first wife, Nancy Smart, were married in 1856, but she died in 1865, and he subsequently married Adeline Crider and moved to Illinois, where he spent a few years, but finally returned to Richland County, and died here at the age of sixty-eight years. By his first marriage Union McBride had three children, but Curtis E. McBride was the only one of them to reach maturity, and he was reared by his maternal grandfather. Growing up on his grandfather’s farm, where he remained until he was sixteen years old, Curtis E. McBride attended the country schools of his neighborhood, and at that age entered the preparatory department of Wooster University of Wooster, Ohio, where he remained until the close of his junior year. At the age of twenty-one he married Minnie Rhodes. Having decided upon a legal career the ambitious young man read law yith Col. Barnabas Barnes and Thomas McBride, his uncle, who were in partnership and were among the older lawyers of this part of Ohio. Colonel Barnes, a veteran of the Union army, was one of the best-known men in Ohio at that time. Mr. McBride pursued his studies so diligently and rapidly that he was admitted to the bar March 7, 1882, at the same time as his cousin Curtis, son of Thomas McBride, and for a year the three were in partnership under the firm name of McBride, Mc-Bride & McBride. In 1884 Mr. McBride went with S. G. Cummings, under the firm name of McBride & Cummings, the latter a prominent attorney, but now deceased. This association continued for some years. On February 9, 1902, Mr. McBride and Mr. Cummings took Judge N. M. Wolfe into the firm on his retirement from the bench. When Mr. Cummings died in July, 1916, the present firm of McBride & Wolfe was formed. Mr. Cummings was one of the best office lawyers in Ohio, and an authority on title, abstracts and all other matters pertaining to realty transactions, a fine counsel, wholly devoted to his practice. In 1884 Mr. McBride became legal counsel for the Beltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, and, in addition, in 1896 became counsel for the Big Four Railroad Company. For twelve years he has been counsel for the Lake Erie & Western Railroad Company, for ten years he has been counsel for the Erie Railroad Company, and from 1887 to 1916 was general attorney for the Mansfield Street Car Company, in which year the company sold its interests. Mr. McBride has been attorney for the Cleveland, Southwestern & Columbus Interurban Railway Company for about eighteen years. Very active in democratic politics, in 1893 he was elected to the State Legislature, and was reelected in 1895, both times as a representative from Richland County. Mr. McBride is the author of Special Findings of Facts, now in force; of the law to give a party the right to call an opposite party as witness and cross examination, which is still a statute and is an unusual law, both of which measures he succeeded in having passed during his first term, and he also was the author of the law controlling the present manner of selecting juries. During his second term he was minority leader of the House. At one time he was a candidate for Congress, but was defeated at the primaries. Mr. McBride has always been a campaigner on state and local committees. In 1898 Governor Bushnell named him a member of the Ohio Centennial Celebration Committee for his congressional district. Mr. McBride’s district is overwhelmingly republican, but in spite of that fact, he was appointed both times by Governor Bushnell, who frequently consulted with Mr. McBride while he was minority leader of the House with reference to contemplated legislation. Mr. McBride has not confined himself exclusively to law and politics, for he is a close student of many subjects, and has become an authority on Thomas Jefferson, his lecture on that great statesman being a very popular one. He possesses a very fine library, numbering some 5,500 volumes of general literature, including many works on early American history. He has kept up his Latin and Greek, and devotes an hour each day to these subjects. Fraternally Mr. McBride is a Thirty-second Degree Mason and Shriner, and he also belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. The first Mrs. McBride died in 1900, leaving two HISTORY OF OHIO - 69 children: Ethel, who is the wife of Guy N. Ruggles, superintendent of the Inspiration Copper Company, of Inspiration, Arizona; and Mrs. W. J. Whitting, whose husband is a farmer of Fort Thomas, Arizona. On January 1, 1911, Mr. McBride married Mrs. Frances (Clark) English, a former friend while Mr. McBride was a student in the University of Wooster at Wooster, Ohio, and who was a widow living in Chicago at the time of her marriage. She has no children. Mrs. McBride has visited Europe several times. She speaks French and German fluently, is a fine scholar, and is very active in the Daughters of the American Revolution, and has been a delegate to the national conventions of that order. Both are members of the First Presbyterian Church of Mansfield, of which he is an elder, and he has been a delegate to the Ohio Synod. He is a teacher of the Men 's Bible Class of 150 members, and has taught this class since 1906. Professionally Mr. McBride maintains membership with the Mansfield Bar Association, of which he is president; the Ohio State Bar Association, of which he was president, 1921-1922, and in January, 1922, addressed the convention at Akron, advocating the selection of expert witnesses be left with the judge, rather than with the attorneys. This address was widely published and attracted favorable editorial comment, was endorsed by the medical associations, and steps are now being taken to embody his ideas in legislation. He also belongs to the American Bar Association and has attended many of its meetings. In fact it would be .difficult to mention any forward movement of the past thirty years or more in the county or state that has not received substantial assistance from this alert, scholarly attorney and good citizen, who wears his many honors modestly, and is satisfied with being able to render a service that is of real value to his fellow citizens. MARVIN W. LUTZ. In insurance circles of Ashland and Richland counties few names are better known than that of Marvin W. Lutz. While he has been identified with the selling of insurance as a regular business for only about five years, in the capacity of district manager for these two counties of the Union Central Life Insurance Company, from his headquarters at Mansfield he has just about doubled the insurance in force. Mr. Lutz was born in Stark County, Ohio, where he received a public school education. He was variously employed until the establishment of the rural free delivery system from the Canton Postoffice during the Spanish-American war, and at that time was made superintendent of carriers. After eleven and one-half years in the Canton Postoffice, Mr. Lutz entered the Isaac Harter & Sons Bank at Canton, where he remained four and one-half years. In 1907 he came to Mansfield as secretary of the Aultman & Taylor Manufacturing Company, a concern with which he remained in the same capacity for ten years, and then entered the insurance field, a line in which he had become greatly interested. He is now one of the most successful men in his line in this part of Ohio, and not only represents the Union Central Life Insurance Company, but the National Liberty Fire Insurance Company of America, with offices in the Dickson Building. During 1918, up to the signing of the armistice, Mr. Lutz was in charge of the seven counties included in the Mansfield district of the Cleveland division, investigating and tabulating for the United States Government the capacity of manufacturing plants and their ability tO supply whatever demand should be made upon them in their special lines. Mr. Lutz married Miss Magdalene King, of Buffalo, New York, and they have no children. Mr. and Mrs. Lutz are members of the Lutheran Church, and Mr. Lutz occupies a place on the official board. VERLANDO Z. MILLER, M. D. In the practice of his profession as a physician and surgeon, Doctor Miller has spent fully a quarter of a century in Montgomery County, and for some years was one of the busy practitioners of Dayton, but his work in now concentrated in a territory of which Brookville is the center, where he is regarded as a man of first rank in his chosen field. Doctor Miller was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, May 27, 1861, oldest of the nine children, consisting of eight sons, of Benjamin and Mary (Ziegler) Miller. His father was born in Montgomery County, Sepetmber 17, 1838, and his mother, on March 4, 1840. The Zieglers have been in America for nearly two centuries, coming from Switzerland about 1733 and settling near Lancaster, Pennsylvania. A number of the Zieglers have been prominent in church and various scholarly professions. Doctor Miller 's father spent many years as a farmer, and for twenty-five years before he retired was a merchant at Brookville. Verlando Z. Miller attended public schools, including two years in the Randolph Township High School, and graduated from the Miami Normal School. The years 1884-86 he spent at Antioch College at Willow Springs, and in 1887 took his business course at Delaware, Ohio. Doctor Miller was for ten years a successful teacher in the public schools of Montgomery County, following that profession with few interruptions from 1883 to 1892. In 1893 he entered Starling Medical College at Columbus, graduated in 1896, and in the same year began the private practice of his profession at Brookville. His experience has brought him unusual opportunities and he has developed special skill in several special branches of his profession. During 1903-04 he was a post-graduate student in Baltimore Medical College and Johns Hopkins University, and served six months as an interne in the Maryland General and Lying-In Hospital at Baltimore and for three months was resident physician to that hospital. He declined a position of assistant gynecologist. He was also chief physician to the gynecological department of the free dispensary of the Maryland Hospital. In September, 1904, Doctor Miller returned to Ohio and opened an office at Dayton, where he practiced eleven years. Then, in 1916, he returned to Brookville, where he has applied himself with wonderful energy to keeping up with the demands of a practice extending over a wide territory. He maintains a private dispensary and office at his home on Market Street in Brookville. He is a member of the Montgomery County Medical Society and his interested himself in various organizations representative of the civic, business and social affairs of the community. He is a member of Libanus Lodge of Masons at Lewisburg and Brookville Lodge No. 235, Junior Order United American Mechanics. Doctor Miller has three children: Heber C., Herbert S. and Hallam B., all graduates of the Brookville High School. GEORGE H. LOWREY, vice president of the Security Trust and Savings Bank and secretary of the retail merchants division of the Chamber of Commerce of Mansfield, has been identified with a number of leading enterprises of the city, all of which have benefited by his ability, good judgment and industry. He has also acted in a number of official and civic capacities, and has shown himself a citizen of the progressive, constructive type, possessed of the ability and willingness to assist his community. Mr. Lowrey was born at Cuyahoga Falls, Summit County, Ohio, November 20, 1857, and is a son of Deming Norton and Eliza J. (Harrison) Lowrey, 70 - HISTORY OF OHIO natives of the same county. The grandfather of George H. Lowrey, Shubel Howe Lowrey, came in an ox-wagon from New Canaan, Connecticut, in 1809, and settled at Tallmadge, Summit County, where he conducted a blacksmith shop until 1837. In that year he removed to Cuyahoga Falls, where his death occurred in 1871. Deming Norton Lowrey was born at Tallmadge and was a child when taken by his parents to Cuyahoga Falls, where he established himself in business as a merchant. He continued to conduct his modest business until the Civil war, and in 1862 became captain of Company G, One Hundred Fifteenth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, which he had assisted in organizing. At the battle of Murfreesboro, Tennessee, in October, 1864, Captain Lowrey and the greater part of his command were captured by the Confederate troops under General Forrest and were confined in Andersonville prison until exchanged in April, 1865. On his way home he was aboard the ill-fated "Sultana," which blew up on the Mississippi River, just above Memphis, April 23, 1865, and Captain Lowrey was one of those killed, he being but forty years of age at the time. His widow later married Minor H. Howe, and lived at Akron, Ohio, for a long period, dying there in January, 1922, aged eighty-seven years. Captain and Mrs. Lowrey were the parents of four sons and two daughters: Mrs. Helen E. Gray, of New York City; Homer J., who was a clerk in his father 's company during the Civil war, and later was engaged in railroad work at Rock Island, Illinois, where he died in 1895; Ernest W., a graduate of Iowa State University, resided for a time at Lamed, Kansas, and in 1888 became a resident of Denver, Colorado, in the development of which city he played an important part, and where he died four or five years ago; Fred Deming, who joined his brother, Homer J., in railroad work at Rock Island, later joining his brother Ernest W. at Lamed, Kansas, where he established a bank, became well-to-do and died in 1920; and Hattie A., the wife of Fred S. Ozier, of Akron, Manager of the Howe Hotel, which was founded by him and George H. Lowrey in 1915. George H. Lowrey accompanied his mother to Akron in 1866, and three years later went to Cleveland, where he attended the public schools. In 1873, at the time of his mother ,s second marriage, she removed to Mansfield, where Mr. Howe was a commercial salesman in the employ of the Bissman Company. In 1887 Mr. Howe returned to Cuyahoga Falls, and later went to Akron, where his death occurred. George H. Lowrey remained at Cleveland until 1875, having employment there as clerk in a shoe store. In the year mentioned he came to Mansfield, where he entered the employ of Keyser Brothers, shoe merchants, with whom he remained fifteen years, and in 1890 entered upon an independent career when, with W. W. Lemon, he opened the Lemon & Lowrey shoe store. He was identified with that business for sixteen years, but in 1906 disposed of his interests in that enterprise. In 1915, in company with F. S. Ozier, he built the Howe Hotel of eleven stories and 112 rooms, which is Akron,s largest and finest hostelry. Mr. Lowrey served for some years as a member of the City Council, of which he was president for four years, and at the time of the death of Mayor F. S. Marquis succeeded him in office and served two years, from 1914. During the World war he was chairman of the Home Service and Civilian Relief Committee, and still retains this post. Mr. Lowrey has been a member of the Chamber. of Commerce since its organization, was its secretary for several years, and since January, 1920, has been secretary of the retail merchants division of the body. He belongs to the Masons and Elks, and has a num ber of social connections, in addition to which lie is identified with several large and important business and financial enterprises of Mansfield, among them the Security Mist and Savings Bank, of which he is vice president. With his family he belongs to the Congregational Church. When twenty-one years of age Mr. Lowrey was united in marriage to a Mansfield young woman, Catherine Hine, whose father conducted a retail meat market, and to this union there has been born one son, Harrison Deming, formerly a dental practitioner, but now connected with the Mansfield Tire and Rubber Company. SAMUEL J. COLWELL. The career of Samuel J. Colwell, of Mansfield, has been one of success in several widely diverging lines of endeavor, indicating his possession of the valuable quality of versatility. After spending a long period in the hardware business, as a retail merchant, he turned his attention to the sale of life insurance, in which difficult field he has attained a distinctive prosperity. Mr. Colwell was born at Lexington, Richland County, Ohio, September 10, 1859, a son of Samuel B. and Mary E. (McIntyre) Colwell. His grandfather was Samuel Colwell, a Revolutionary soldier, the only soldier of that war to be buried at Lexington. For some years he was a merchant at Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, and his old "Day Book," now in the possession of his grandson, shows entries as early as February 7, 1789. One of these interesting entries states that a certain minister is charged with " one pint of whiskey and one testament, 50 cents." On April 1, 1837, having made the journey by ox-team, Samuel Colwell arrived at Lexington, Ohio, where lie erected one of the first grist mills in the county, on the present site of the Baltimore & Ohio Railway Depot. He continued to operate that mill until his death. He was succeeded by his son, Samuel B. Colwell, who was born in Pennsylvania. He conducted the mill until 1860, but it was operated by others for some years thereafter. At the close of the Civil war he went to Independence, Missouri, where he remained for twelve years, or until the death of his wife, who was also a native of Pennsylvania, and who had been brought near Lexington as a child. Her remains were brought back to Ohio and interred here. Mr. Colwell survived her until June 25, 1879, passing away at the age of sixty-eight years. Samuel J. Colwell attended the public schools at Independence, Missouri, and when still a young man returned to Mansfield, Ohio, from which point he traveled on the road as a salesman for various manufacturing concerns for a number of years. In 1896 he established himself in a retail hardware business, which he conducted with success until 1910. In the meantime he had become interested in life insurance, and in 1910 he disposed of his mercantile interests in order to devote all of his time to the selling of insurance as representative of the New York Life Insurance Company, his field being the city of Mansfield and the county of Richland, where he has built up a splendid clientele. Mr. Colwell has always been a republican in his political views, and is the present treasurer of the Republican County Executive Committee. He was the Harding-Coolidge campaign chief in Richland County, which went for the president by 1,575 plurality, although nominally a county which goes democratic by 1,800 majority. Mr. Colwell also had the distinction of opening President Harding,s "front porch" campaign, taking with him several hundred auditors from Mansfield. As a fraternalist Mr. Colwell is a thirty-second degree Mason and a Shriner. He belongs to the Mansfield City Club, and his religious connection is with the Presbyterian Church. HISTORY OF OHIO - 71 Mr. Colwell married Miss Fanny Beverstock Miller, of Lexington, Ohio, and to this union there have been born three sons: David Miller, secretary of the American Vitrified Products Company at Akron; Jud Allen, identified with the Houdaille Shock Absorber Company at Buffalo, New York; and Samuel R., who attended Wooster University at Wooster, Ohio, and is now associated as manager of the East Liverpool, Ohio, office of The American Vitrified Products Company. JAMES M. DICKSON. The Dickson family has been prominently identified with Mansfield and Richland County for several generations. One of the pioneers of the county was a James Dickson, who with his father, William, settled at Plymouth in Richland County and cleared a farm. This farm became the property of Mrs. Kirkpatrick, a daughter of James Dickson, the pioneer. The late James Dickson, son of William Dickson and grandson of the pioneer James Dickson, was a merchant and banker of Mansfield and built up one of the largest estates in the county. He began merchandising at Mansfield in 1848, and in 1852 established his business at the corner of Third and Main streets. In 1872 he started the Mansfield Banking Company, in the same building as his store, and this building is still known as the Dickson Building. The mercantile business developed in 1906 into the present Third Street Market, which is owned by Roy B. Dickson, a son of James Dickson. The market site in 1852 was purchased by James Dickson from Robert McCombs and wife, the latter being a sister of John Sherman. James Dickson continued as president of the bank he established for twenty years, and continued as stockholder in its successor, the present Citizens Bank. He was in every way one of Mansfield,s most successful men. He had great faith in Mansfield's future as a business center and in his investments he chose farm lands and town property. Having some idea of the city ,s expansion, he bought land which has since become a part of the city and is now being developed by his son. James Dickson never had any ambition for public office. He died in 1893, at the age of seventy, and his widow passed away in 1913, aged eighty-two. The management of his estate is now in the hands of his son James M. Dickson, who is unmarried. He is a graduate of Yale University with the class of 1894, and is one of eight children, all but one surviving. Mr. Dickson has his business offices in the old Dickson Building, so long his father 's bank and store. In recent years he has given much attention to developing the Woodland allotment of 400 acres, a part of his father,s farm property, and he has made this a choice residential section. Mr. Dickson is contemplating the erection of a home in this location. Mr. Dickson is a director of the Farmers Savings & Trust Company of Mansfield. FRANK CAVE is the secretary of the Central Ohio Bond & Mortgage Company in his native city of Mansfield, and in his executive functions is doing splendid service in the development of this corporation as one of importance in the financial activities of the old Buckeye State. The Central Ohio Bond & Mortgage Company was organized January 1, 1922, and is incorporated with a capital stock of $2,000,000. F. C. Small is president of the company, and Fred Bushnell is its treasurer, both of these officers being, like the secretary, natives of Mansfield, so that the company is distinctly a local corporation, though its operations transcend mere local limitations, its functions including the financing Of real estate development enterprises and of well ordered building operations. Mr. Cave was born at Mansfield on the 21st of July, 1891, and is a son of Harry E. Cave, who came to Mansfield from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, when a young man, and who was for more than a quarter of a century a leading representative of the haberdashery business at Mansfield, where his fine establishment catered to a large and appreciative patronage. He was a loyal and liberal citizen, and gave many years of effective service as a member of the Mansfield Board of Education. He was one of the substantial business men and honored and influential citizens of Mansfield at the time of his death, and here also occurred the death of his wife, whose maiden name was Clara Shunk, she having been born and reared in Knox County, Ohio, where her father Jeremiah Shunk, gave a long term of effective service as county auditor. Frank Cave gained his early education in the public schools of Mansfield, and after having availed himself of the advantages of the high school he was employed for some time as a draftsman in the office of the city engineering department of Mansfield. When the nation became involved in the World war he enlisted in the Signal Corps of the United States Army, in which he won advancement to the rank of first lieutenant. He continued in service eighteen months, mainly at Baltimore, Maryland, and received his honorable discharge after the armistice had brought the war to a close. Mr. Cave takes most loyal interest in all that concerns the welfare and advancement of his native city, is one of its representative young business men, and is serving in 1923 as secretary of its Board of Health. He is active and influential in the local councils of the democratic party and is a member of its executive committee for Richland County. Mr. Cave wedded Miss Minnie Sick-miller, and they are popular figures in the representative social activities of their home city. REV. JOHN BENJAMIN RUST, PH. D. D. D., is one of the distinguished clergymen of the "Reformed Church in the United States." His home is in Tiffin, Seneca County, where for many years he has been an honored citizen. Through his service as a minister and as a man among men he has signally honored the profession Of his choice, even as his father did before him. Rev. Dr. Rust was born in the City of Cincinnati, September 5, 1856, eldest son of the late Rev. Herman Rust, D. D., and Elizabeth (Giesy) Rust. His father was born in the City of Bremen, Germany December 8, 1816, and his mother was born March 3, 1822, at Lancaster, Ohio, where their marriage was solemnized October 9, 1855. Rev. Herman Rust, D. D., received his early education in the schools of his native city, and as a youth formed the ambition and purpose to devote his life to Christian service, his father having been a communicant of the Lutheran and his mother of the Catholic Church. As a young man he went to Hamburg, Germany, with the purpose of preparing for foreign missionary service. Having failed of opportunities to engage in such work, in July, 1841, he arrived in the United States, being twenty-four years of age at the time. In advancing his education he attended Mercersburg College at Mercersburg, Pennsylvania. In his native city he had listened to sermons by some of the ablest preachers of that day, and the inspiration thus received continued its power in his later life of concentrated zeal and devotion. As a boy he became a member of the Reformed Church of his native city, and as a clergyman of that church in the United States first labored in Cincinnati under the auspices of the Board of Home Missions. From that city he was called by the Ohio Synod of his church to assume the chair of Church History and the History of Christian Doctrine at the Heidelberg Theological 72 - HISTORY Seminary at Tiffin. This chair he retained nearly forty years, from 1862 to 1902, and was one of the most scholarly and revered members of the faculty of this institution until within a short time prior to his death, which occurred on August 8, 1905. The death of his devoted wife, April 21, 1902, severed an idealic companionship of nearly half a century. Doctor Herman Rust organized and served as a pastor of a number of Reformed churches. Both as a man of simple and gracious personality and of ripe scholarship and earnest consecration to service he commanded the affectionate regard of all who came under his influence. Of his four children Doctor John B. is the oldest, the others being Mary C., Herman, Jr., and Eugene Calvin. The preliminary education of Dr. John B. Rust was acquired in the public schools of Cincinnati and Tiffin. He was graduated from Heidelberg College as a member of the class of 1877, with the degree Bachelor of Arts. His Alma Mater later conferred upon him the degree Master of Arts, and finally, on June 13, 1912, the honorary degree Doctor of Divinity. In 1879 he was graduated from the Heidelberg Theological Seminary, and on June 9, 1880, was ordained to the ministry of the Reformed Church in the United States, in the service of which he has continued his earnest stewardship. His ordination took place in the Salem Reformed Church near Waynesburg, Ohio, where he served as pastor from 1879 to 1886. In the latter year he accepted the call to the First Reformed Church of Canton, here he remained until 1890. In November of that year he was called as pastor to the First Reformed Church at New Philadelphia in Tuscarawas County, a community in which he labored until March, 1898. From April, 1898, to December, 1899 he served the church at Bascom, Seneca County, and he still continues ministerial service in Hancock County as acting pastor of the Reformed Church in Findlay, which he has served more than fifteen years. Doctor Rust devoted six years to special courses of study in Wooster University, from which institute he received his Doctor of Philosophy degree July 15, 1897. During his ministry thus far he has helped to build two beautiful new churches, one in New Philadelphia and another in the town of McCutchenville, belonging to the Bascom charge. As an author Doctor Rust has made many contributions to current and historical literature. He is author of "Modernism and the Reformation," published in 1914 by Fleming H. Revell Company, New York; in 1916 there appeared from his pen an appreciative biography of his honored father, entitled " The Life and Labors of Dr. Herman Rust." He is also the editor and compiler of a more recent work, entitled "Selected Theological Writings of Dr. Herman Rust," a memorial volume inscribed to the Central Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church in the United States located in Dayton, Ohio, (1924). He continued his researches as a student, and his intellectual outlook is also expanded by extensive travels in our own country. From his earliest youth Doctor Rust cultivated the art of music. While in college he played the organ in various churches, a nd is a pianist of considerable note. During the past seven years he has been instructor in the History of Music in the Heidelberg Conservatory of Music, Heidelberg University, Tiffin, Ohio. Doctor Rust has shown a fine conception of his stewardship as a man among men. He is a broad minded, liberal and progressive citizen unceasing in his efforts to aid and uplift his fellow men. His large and select private library is a veritable haven to him, and to it he finds daily recourse. Doctor Rust has never married, his attractive home on East Perry Street, Tiffin, being presided over by his only sister, Miss Mary. With all consistency, it can be said that Doctor Rust and his sister have a. circle of friends limited only by that of their acquaintances. JOHN DICKSON, who is engaged in the grocery business in the City of Mansfield, Richland County, with a well equipped establishment at the corner of Bowman Avenue and Spring Mill Street, has here been established in this line of enterprise for more than a quarter of a century, and in addition to being one of the loyal and progressive citizens of his native county he has the distinction of being a scion of one of its honored pioneer families. He has been a valued member of the Mansfield Board of Education for the past seven years, and is its vice president at the time of this writing, in 1923. Mr. Dickson is significantly appreciative of the maximum importance of the service given by the public schools, and as a member of the local Board of Education he has been a loyal supporter of advanced policies of most liberal order. He has been an enthusiastic supporter of the various branches and departments of the work of the public schools in his home city and in all measures making provision for the proper training of the young folk in the formative period of their character-building. He is one of the board of commissioners of Johns Park, named in honor of its donor, and providing the community playground of the North End section of Mansfield. John Dickson, grandfather of the subject of this review, settled on Black Fork, north of Mansfield, in the year 1814, he having come to Ohio from the State of Pennsylvania, and having done well his part in the initial stages of civic and industrial development in Richland County, where he reclaimed his farm from the wilderness and whence he went forth as a loyal soldier in the Mexican war, his death having occurred within a few years after the close of this conflict—in the ,50s. His son John J. passed his entire life in Richland County, carried forward effectively the farm industry of which his father had been a pioneer exponent, and also built up a substantial business in the buying and shipping of live stock, besides which he served two terms as County Sheriff in the '70s. John Dickson, immediate subject of this review, was born on his father 's farm in Weller Township, Richland County, March 7, 1862, and is a son of the late John J. Dickson, who passed the closing years of his life in this county. Mr. Dickson attended the schools of his native county until he was fifteen years of age, when he went to the West, where he remained twenty years, in Missouri, Kansas, Colorado and Texas. Since 1897 he has been engaged in the retail grocery business at Mansfield, and for the past twenty-one years has conducted business in his present location. He married Miss Sadie M. Kohler, likewise a native of Richland County, and their only child, Beatrice A., a graduate of Miami College, is a teacher of home economics in the public schools of Mansfield, where her success has been on a parity with her unqualified personal popularity. FRED W. WOLFE, who gave careful and effective administration of the financial affairs of Richland County, needs no further evidence of his secure place in popular confidence and esteem in his native city and county than his having been called to the post of county treasurer. Mr. Wolfe was born in the City of Mansfield, and was here reared to manhood, the while he profited fully by the advantages afforded in the public schools, including the high school. He is a son of Judge Norman M. Wolfe, long one of the representative members of the bar of Richland County, where he served with distinction on the bench of the Court of Common Pleas. HISTORY OF OHIO - 73 After leaving school Fred W. Wolfe took a position in the offices of the Mansfield Savings Bank, in which institution he continued his services twenty years and won advancement to an executive position of importance. He was the efficient incumbent of the office of county treasurer from September, 1919, to September 4, 1923. Mr. Wolfe was specially loyal and active in the furtherance of local patriotic movements and measures during the period of American participation in the World war, especially in the drives in support of the government war loans, War Savings Stamps, Red Cross work, etc. He is one of the active and progressive members of the Kiwanis Club and takes deep interest in all that touches the welfare and advancement of his native city and county. The maiden name of his wife was Mabel Odenbaugh, and they have three children: Janet, Margaret and Richard. ABRAM E. PIPER owns and conducts one of the leading grocery stores and meat markets of Mansfield, is president of the Board of Education of his home city, and is a scion, in the third generation, of one of the sterling pioneer families of Richland County. His paternal grandfather, William Piper, was born and reared in Pennsylvania, and from Lancaster County, that state, he came to Ohio in the early ,30s and established himself upon a pioneer farm in Washington Township, Richland County, his homestead place being five and one half miles south of the present city of Mansfield, two miles east of Lexington, and in the vicinity of the old Sickinger Tavern, which was a prominent inn of the pioneer days, on the road to Sandusky. William Piper developed one of the excellent farms of this county, and remained on the old homestead until his death, at the age of seventy-five years. He was one of Richland County’s substantial citizens and honored pioneers, influential in the community in which he lived, and while never a seeker of public office, he gave fully twenty-five years of effective service in the position of justice of the peace. On the old homestead mentioned above, Hugh K. Piper, son of William and father of the subject of this review, was born April 12, 1840, and his entire life was passed in his native county. He became the owner of the old farm of his father, and continued its operation fully half a century, though for many years he also followed the trade of plasterer, in which he was a specially skillful workman. He attained to venerable age and maintained his home in the city of Mansfield during the last thirty-five years of his life, he having served as a member of the City Council and having commanded unqualified esteem in his native county. Mr. Piper died on the 13th of March, 1923, at the age of eighty-three years, his illness having been of brief duration. His brother, John, of Mount Gilead, and one sister, Mrs. Israel Pribley, are the only surviving members of his father's family. Mr. Piper was affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and was an earnest communicant of the First Lutheran Church of Mansfield, as is also his widow, whose maiden name was Hannah Eyerley and who likewise was born and reared in Richland County. The wedded companionship of Mr. and Mrs. Piper covered a period of fifty-four years, and the gracious ties were severed by his death, his widow being seventy-nine years of age at the time of this writing, in the spring of 1923. Three sons and one daughter likewise survive the honored husband and father, namely : Abram E., William, John and Mary, the only daughter being the wife of James Brooks. All are residents of Mansfield. Mr. Piper is survived also by twelve grandchildren and three great-grandchildren. Abram E. Piper was born on the ancestral homestead of which mention is made in preceding paragraphs, and the date of his nativity was October 13, 1869. He remained on the farm until he was eighteen years of age, and in the meanwhile had duly profited by the advantages of the public schools. As a young man he became identified with mercantile enterprise at Mansfield, and for fully a quarter of a century he has been independently engaged in business in the northern part of this city. In 1922 he completed the erection of the Piper Block, a modern two-story building at the corner of Bowman Avenue and Harker Street, and in this structure, which is 85 by 45 feet in lateral dimensions, he has his well equipped grocery store and meat market, his establishment catering to a large and appreciative supporting patronage. The upper floor of the building is divided into three residential apartments and an office, a drug store occupies the corner of the ground floor of the building, and in the basement under this store is a barber shop. Mr. Piper has assisted much in the development and upbuilding of this district of Mansfield, he having established himself in this north district of the city when it was still a rural section, with considerable timber land and with a brickyard about the only evidence of business industry. He individually helped to clear land in this part of the city, and has here erected several houses and store buildings, so that he is to be credited with being one of the founders and developers of this now busy and attractive section of Mansfield. As a loyal citizen and progressive business man Mr. Piper has well upheld the prestige of a family name that has been long and worthily linked with the history of Richland County. He and his wife are zealous communicants of St. Mark 's Lutheran Church, and of the same he has been a trustee continuously since the erection and dedication of the church building. At the age of twenty-two years Mr. Piper wedded Miss Daisy B. Strater, she having been born and reared in the same neighborhood as was her husband and having been the only child of the late Frederick Strater, who died while she was still a child. In connection with the success that has attended his activities as a business man Mr. Piper ascribes to his wife a large measure of the credit, for she has continuously been his efficient assistant in the store and has been in the fullest sense a devoted companion and helpmeet. The children born of this union are : H. Earl, who married Viola Miller and they have one child, Kathleen; Barney F., who married Lucile Cole ; and Joe W., who married Ruth Then; all are partners in the business founded by their father. For the past sixteen years Mr. Piper has been a member of the Mansfield Board of Education, and of the same he has been the president since 1917. He has been one of the most loyal and enthusiastic supporters of progressive measures in connection with the school system of Mansfield, and since he has been a member of the Board of Education the Western Avenue Public School Building has been erected, and improvements and addition made to seven others of the school buildings of the city. He has been the staunch advocate of the highest possible standards in all departments of the school work and service, and did much to promote the issuing of city bonds in the amount of $1,000,000 for the erection and equipment of a new high school building, the same to be completed within the near future. In the entire sixteen years of his service as a member of the Board of Education Mr. Piper has missed only four of its meetings. It has already been noted that Mr. Piper has a title to pioneer honors in connection with the development and upbuilding of the North End district of Mansfield. He has here lived for fully thirty-five years and when he came here most of the land was 74 - HISTORY OF OHIO still in timber. He had full confidence in the future of this part of the city, and has been liberal in influence and financial support in its development. He still owns several of the buildings which he here erected, and he aided in clearing the land that now constitutes Johns Park, the delightful recreation place of the North End. He is a democrat in politics, but has never sought or desired political office. It is a matter of gratification to him that political influences have not touched the public schools of Mansfield. He is a director of the Mansfield Chamber of Commerce, the Mansfield Savings Bank and of the Citizens Building & Loan Association. JOHN H. BRISTOR, D. D. S., is a native son of the City of Mansfield, Richland County, where he is established in the successful practice of his profession, his father having been one of the leading dental practitioners in this city for forty years. In the house which is still his place of abode, in the City of Mansfield, Dr. John H. Bristor was born on the 25th of April, 1874, a son of Dr. James Ruple Bristor, who was born at Washington, Pennsylvania, January 28, 1834, and whose death occurred at Mansfield, Ohio, June 29, 1900. Henry M. Bristor, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, likewise was born at Washington, Pennsylvania, and upon coming with his family to Ohio he established his residence at Steubenville, where he became a pioneer manufacturer of carriages and buggies, the remainder of his life having been passed in this state. Dr. James R. Bristor was reared to manhood in Ohio, and as a youth he prepared himself thoroughly for the dental profession. In 1857 he engaged in practice at Newark, Licking County, where he remained until November, 1860, when he removed to Mansfield. In the latter city he continued in the practice of his profession until his death. He always kept in close touch with the advances made in both operative and mechanical dentistry. He was the first dentist in Mansfield to make a rubber plate of teeth. His older brother, Dr. Thomas G., had here engaged in the practice of dentistry in the year 1858, but he eventually removed to California, where he passed the closing years of his life. Dr. James R. Bristor was one of the honored and influential citizens of Mansfield, served eight years as a member of the City Council, was made chairman of the fire department committee and employed the first man of the paid fire department of the city, the service prior to that time having been of volunteer order. He did much to bring the fire department up to a high standard, and in all ways was a loyal supporter of movements and enterprises tending to advance the civic and material prosperity of his home city. In the early '90s he was for two years a member of the Board of Education. His political allegiance was given to the democratic party. He was affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, and was a charter member of the Mansfield organization of the Knights of Honor. He was an attendant of the Presbyterian Church, as is also his widow, who is a member of the same church and has been a resident of Mansfield for over half a century. Mrs. Bristor, whose maiden name was Hannah M. Duncan, was a resident of Millersburg, Holmes County, at the time of her marriage. Dr. John H. Bristor gained his early education in the public schools of Mansfield, and after completing his high school course he entered the dental department of Ohio Medical University at Columbus, Ohio, now a part of the Ohio State University, from which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1899 and with the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. That he made a specially excellent record as an undergraduate is evident from the fact that he was selected to serve as assistant demonstrator in his senior year, he having been the first person to be appointed to this position at the School of Dentistry of the university. He has served both as president and corresponding secretary of the Richland-Ashland Counties Dental Society, and in the Ohio State Dental Society he is a member of Counsel on Mouth Hygiene and Public Instruction. In the practice of his profession Doctor Bristor has continuously maintained his headquarters in his native city, and, like his father before him, he has a large and representative professional business, based alike upon technical skill and personal popularity. He gave four years (1908-1911) of effective service as a member of the Mansfield Board of Education, and is serving his sixteenth year as clerk of the board. He is a past master of Mansfield Lodge No. 35, Free and Accepted Masons, and his local Masonic affiliations include also membership in Mansfield Chapter No. 28, Royal Arch Masons; Mansfield Council No. 94, Royal and Select Masters, and Mansfield Commandery No. 21, Knights Templar. He holds membership also in the Knights of Pythias, and he and his wife are active members of the Presbyterian Church, in the Sunday School of which he has been an official and a zealous worker for the past thirty years. Doctor Bristor married Miss Miss Mary V. Carr, and they have one daughter, Olive Louise. CLETUS N. ALLERDING has been a resident of the City of Mansfield nearly a quarter of a century. Here he gained high reputation as a skilled mechanic, and here he is now successfully established in the manufacturing of automobile specialties and accessories, with steering wheels as the principal output of the well equipped and modern factory. In this important industrial enterprise Mr. Allerding figures as president and general manager of the Allerding Products Company, of which he was the principal promoter and the stock of which is all held by residents of Mansfield. The company was incorporated December 5, 1908, with a capital stock of $50,000, which in 1924 was increased to $100,000, and in its modern manufacturing plant employment is now given to a force of 200 operatives. The business is constantly expanding in scope and importance, and constitutes a valuable contribution to the industrial and commercial precedence of Mansfield. The manufacturing plant is equipped with the best of modern machinery, and each machine is operated by an individual electric motor. Mr. Allerding was born at Loudonville, Ashland County, Ohio, and gained in the public schools of Mount Vernon, Ohio, his youthful education. His father, Peter Allerding, was born in Belgium, and was a lad of six years at the time when the family came to the United States and established a home at Loudonville, Ohio, where his father, Nicholas Allerding, a locksmith by trade, passed the remainder of his life. Peter Allerding has long held rank as an expert woodworker and millwright, and since the year 1880 he has maintained his home at Mount Vernon, Knox County, where he is now living virtually retired. Cletus N. Allerding seemingly has inherited much of his father’s mechanical ability, and he has had a wide and varied experience, through which he has developed his skill along this line. Nearly twenty-five years ago he came to Mansfield and found employment as patternmaker in the plant of the Ohio Brass Company, his ability soon leading to his promotion to the position of foreman. Later he had charge of the brass finishing department, and still later was made chief of the engineering department. He continued in the employ of this company until he accepted the office of superintendent of the Humphreys Manufacturing Company, with which represen-