HENRY H. GREER, Mount Vernon. Henry Harrison Greer was born in Knox county, Ohio, July 22, 1837. His father, Alexander Greer, a native of Washington county, Pennsylvania, born in 1805, came to Ohio when five years old, and was one of the earliest settlers in- Union township, Knox county, removing to Jefferson township a few years later. His grandfather, Colonel John Greer, was one of the three children of Alexander Greer, a native of County Antrim, Ireland, who emigrated to America in 1785 and settled in Maryland. Henry Harrison Greer sprang from sturdy pioneer stock and inherited patriotic Irish blood. His early days Were occupied with work on the farm and in the common schools. His scholastic education was acquired in the schools at Millwood and Haysville, and in Dennison University. His course of reading in the law was begun in the office of Messrs. Delano, Sapp & Smith, and upon the dissolution of that firm it was completed with Walter H. Smith. He was admitted to the Bar in May, 1860. Instead of opening an office for practice he became the principal deputy in the office of his father, who was at that time treasurer of Knox county. The following year he was nominated by the Republicans and elected to succeed his father as county treasurer, and held the office until 1864. Declining a renomination, he formed a partnership for the practice of law with Honorable W. R. Sapp in 1865, with whom he continued until April, 1869. At that time he succeeded to the practice and law office of Honorable W., H. Smith, upon the latter's acceptance of the solicitorship of the bureau of internal revenue, in the treasury department, to which he was appointed by President Grant, and from which he was promoted to the position of assistant attorney-general. Having fortunately acquired a good business while yet a young practitioner, Mr. Greer held i and continued the practice alone until 1889, when his son, Robert M. Greer, was received into partnership with him. Robert was graduated from Kenyon College at the age of twenty read law with his father, was admitted to the Bar in June, 1889, and immediately thereafter became a member of the firm of H. H. & R. M. Greer, a style then adopted and still preserved. Mr. Henry H. Greer has made his reputation as a lawyer in practice at the Bar and in the preparation of opinions while holding official positions. As a counselor he stands pre-eminent in the estimation of the local Bar, in the disposition and management of really large and important affairs. Well informed in the law, he is further fortified by quick and clear perception of the points involved in a controversy, a mental grasp that comprehends all details, and a capacity for reasoning that enables him to arrive at correct conclusions. In matters appertaining to the administration and settlement of large estates, the adjustment of conflicting interests requiring tact and diplomacy as well as legal knowledge, he is employed most frequently. For a good many years Mr Greer has been intimately connected with affairs of the community demanding enterprise and public spirit. He has also given much attention to business and corporation matters. In 1888 he accepted the position of secretary and treasurer of the Knox county Mutual Fire Insurance Company, which is the oldest mutual company in Ohio. Its incorporators were men of great promi-

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nence, high commercial standing and personal responsibility, among whom it is proper to mention Honorable Columbus Delano, who in his life was the peer of the ablest men in the State. This company, under the careful and shrewd management of the secretary, has been successful as a corporation and. gained wide popularity by its promptness in paying losses. Unusually liberal in the treatment of patrons by accepting a small percentage rate for insurance, the company has paid losses aggregating a million dollars. Regarding it as a foster child, Mr. Greer has guarded and protected and promoted its interests, without in the ]east neglecting his law business or other duties. For the last eight years he has served as a member of the board of trustees of Columbus State Hospital, receiving appointment from three governors. The estimated value of his official services is fairly inferable from this circumstance. He has not been a candidate for political office and has even refused to stand for nomination for the judicial office. He had formidable and influential backing for appointment to the high and honorable position of judge of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals. His name was considered by President Harrison at the request of men of great prominence in the party and the profession, both in central Ohio and Cleveland. Among those who visited Washington and called upon the President in his behalf was the late Columbus Delano. Although candidates for the place were numerous, he was second only to Judge Taft in the favor of the appointing power, and second to none in qualifications and endorsements. He has always been connected with the Republican party and has long been a trusted adviser in its councils. Whatever he has clone to direct political policy or to promote partisan success had not its inspiration in self-interest, but in the conviction that the policy of the party to which he belongs would better conserve the interests of the people.' He has been absolutely free from political ambition in a personal sense. A native of the county which has been his home during all the sixty years of his life, Mr. Greer has become identified with the people and the welfare of the community. His life has been open and more than ordinarily prominent. He is known to his fellow citizens, and his reputation is safe in their hands. He is of good report among them. If any antagonisms have been aroused, they are only such as a man of force and activity is liable to encounter in the performance of his duty. He is a leader in the affairs of the municipality, and relied upon as the friend and champion of policies and measures best adapted to the wants of a progressive community. His daily life illustrates the spirit of Christianity, without the badge of public profession or church membership. He is charitable, hospitable, kind and true-hearted. He has a secure place in the confidence and the affection of his neighbors, as well as an honorable position in his profession.

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WILLIAM H. GIBSON, late of Tiffin. William Harvey Gibson was born in Jefferson county, Ohio, May 16, 1821. His father,, John Gibson, was of Scotch-Irish lineage, and his mother, Jeanette Coe, was a native of Washington county, Pennsylvania, and the daughter of Sarah and Moses Coe. His grandfather, a native of England, settled in Scott county, Kentucky, where he died during the boyhood of his son John, who was afterwards apprenticed to learn the carpenter's trade. The latter, after acquiring his trade under the apprenticeship, drifted to western Pennsylvania and thence to Ohio, where he was married with Miss Coe. The farm which he owned and occupied for some time near Steubenville is now used for the Infirmary of Jefferson county. William H. Gibson was the tenth in a family of eleven children, five girls and six boys. When he was five months old the family removed to Seneca county and entered a tract of government land on Honey creek, near Melmore. The county had not yet been organized and the country was a wilderness. Facilities for education were found in the log-cabin school house with greased-paper windows, puncheon floor and backless seats. Young Gibson tapped this primitive fountain of knowledge eagerly and thirsted for more. He was placed under the private tutorage of Dr. D. A. Bates, of the village, and then spent two years in Ashland Academy, where he won the highest honors of his class for scholarship and debate. After leaving the academy he worked for a time at the carpenter's trade with his father, who was a general reader of books and a man of superior intelligence, earnestly desiring the advancement of his children and making personal sacrifice to promote their education. His house was the resort of itinerant preachers and pedagogues. In 1842 William Harvey Gibson began the study of law at Tiffin in the office of Abel Rawson and Rev. G. Pennington. He was admitted to the Bar in December, 1844, rose rapidly in his profession and soon ranked among the able practitioners. He was especially powerful as an advocate and in fact had few equals before a jury. Mr. Gibson won his position at the Bar and was firmly established in practice long before the Rebellion. His convictions on the subject of slavery and his superior oratorical ability gave him prominence in politics at an early period. He was a Whig and a delegate to the National convention of the party that nominated General Scott for President in 1852. He was among the leaders in organizing the Republican party and a delegate to the convention at Pittsburg in 1856, which effected the organization. He supported General, Fremont for the Presidency. He participated in twelve presidential campaigns, speaking in fourteen different States, from Maine to Kansas and Tennessee. His fame as an orator always drew crowds and his services were eagerly sought for by his party. Personally was one of the most genial and companionable of men. He was tall and lithe of form, of a sanguine temperament, smooth shaven, with a most pleasing countenance, gentle and tender-hearted as a child, never capable of saying or doing a harsh and unkind thing; rather suffered himself to be imposed upon than retaliate. He was generous to a fault, loved and cherished his family and friends, and next to them his greatest devotion was to his

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comrades of the War of the Rebellion. He lived at Tiffin from the time of entering the profession of law. In 1847 he married Miss Martha Matilda Creeger, of German Moravian extraction, a native of Graceham, Frederick county, Maryland, but a resident of Tiffin from 1831. Four children were born to them ; two sons and two daughters. The daughters only survive—Mrs. Ella G. Dildine, wife of D. P. Dildine, of Toledo, who was adopted as the daughter of the regiment at its organization at Camp Noble ; and Jennie G., wife of George E. Bradfield, of Barnesville. Happy in the companionship of his family and the esteem of his friends, and prospering in business, he had no greater ambition than to serve his country in its various demands upon him as a citizen. More than that ; when the booming of guns upon Sumter heralded the dread news to the unprepared Nation that the government was imperiled, he was ready to sacrifice all that was dear in life, and to die if needs be, for his country. Ohio's sons made a glorious record in the War of the Rebellion, but none left a finer record than William H. Gibson. His command was organized at Tiffin, under special authority of the secretary of war. On the 31st day of July, 1861, be received his commission from Governor Dennison to raise the 49th regiment, of which he was appointed colonel. It was principally recruited from neighbors and friends. It started September 10th for Camp Dennison, where it was equipped and left for Louisville, Kentucky, and on September 21st reported to General Robert Anderson, who had just been assigned to command there. It was the first organized body of troops to enter Kentucky from the north. It received an enthusiastic reception from the loyal citizens and became the nucleus of the far-famed fighting Army of the Cumberland. Colonel Gibson was proud of his men and they loved him as a commander. He was able and discreet, kind to them, yet strict in discipline. He was frequently recommended for promotion by his superiors, Generals McCook, Buell, Lill, Johnson and Rosecrans. At Shiloh he commanded the brigade in the absence of General R. W. Johnson, and received a bad bayonet wound. At Stone river, while in charge of the brigade after the capture of General Willich, he had two horses shot under him. He served two years and a half as brigadier commander, as ranking officer, and sometimes as division commander. From the Ohio to the capture of Atlanta he was in all the marches and skirmishes and battles of the Army of the Cumberland. fie served under McCook at Shiloh, Johnson at Stone river and Tullahoma, and under Wood in all the battles from Chattanooga to Atlanta. No part of the regiment ever faltered or failed in any duty assigned it. Its gallantry under fire and its efficiency were at all times marked, and it was conspicuous in most of the great battles of the West. The distinction of losing the largest number of men killed in battle belonged to the late W. H. Gibson's regiment, the gallant 49th Ohio, viz, fourteen officers and one hundred and ninety-eight men killed in battle. General Gibson was mustered out on expiration of his term, September 5, 1864, and brevetted brigadier 'general March 13, 1865. Brilliant as was his career at the Bar and in public life, more noble was his service for his country

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in the army. General Johnson, in his Reminiscences of the War, speaks of him as " a fine gentleman, and one of the best stump speakers I ever heard. If any dissatisfaction outcropped in his regiment he would usually mount a barrel, or a stump, and with a ready flow of wit, clothed in the most beautiful language and expressed only as an orator could give it utterance, he would soon have the men in good humor and all satisfied." In public speaking he was plain and simple in his statements. His illustrations, though always striking, were taken from the common affairs of life. His oratory stirred alike the learned and unlearned, and was not modeled after any other known in history. He stirred the blood by exciting enthusiasm, appealing to sympathy and reason by matchless wit and good humor, always carrying with him the vast assemblage of people who flocked to hear him. In 1856 he was elected Treasurer of State. He was appointed adjutant general of Ohio by Governor Charles Foster, whom he had placed in nomination at the State convention. After the war he returned to the practice of law and engaged largely in railroading, hoping thereby to better. his town. He also platted the villages of Gibsonburg, Bairdstown and Payne. Governor J. B. Foraker appointed him on the board of canal commissioners, of which he served as president. In 1888 he was a delegate to the National convention at Chicago which nominated Benjamin Harrison for President, and was appointed by him postmaster of Tiffin, which position he held until his death. It was as an orator in later life that he towered above his compeers, and he was known from ocean to ocean, politically and upon the lecture platform. His famous lectures, "Along the Lines" and Our Century," were exceedingly popular. Yet it was with the comrades of the G. A. R. at their campfires that he was most appreciated, on account of his happy faculty in relating reminiscences so stirring to the memory of the old soldier. After the death of his only surviving son in 1878 he, with his family, united with the Methodist Episcopal Church, when license to preach without a charge was conferred upon him, and from that time he was in great demand at church dedications and camp-meetings, and was a consistent Christian to the day of his death. About July, 1894, General Gibson's health began to fail. Hardships endured in the army left their lingering and destroying effects in his system, and in spite of all that loving friends could do the vital spark grew dimmer until on the 22nd of November, 1894, his gentle spirit took its flight. As the shadows of evening were falling upon the earth the tolling of bells announced the sad intelligence to the citizens that the old hero, whom all loved and honored, had passed t that bourne whence, he often said when speaking to the comrades on Decoration Days, his spirit would look down upon them while strewing flowers upo the graves of those who had answered the last roll-call.

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GIDEON TABOR

STEWART, Norwalk. Mr. Stewart was born at Johnstown, New York, on the 7th day of August, 1824, and was named after Judge Gideon Tabor. He is descended from sturdy Scotch-Irish ancestors, both, paternal and maternal. His father, Thomas Ferguson Stewart, was a contractor and builder at Schenectady, New York, where his mother, Elizabeth Ferguson Stewart. daughter of Dr. Thomas Ferguson, of Stewartstown, Ireland, opened the first English school and academy, which continued under her auspices until it was merged in Union College. She was well educated and a very successful teacher, attracting pupils from all parts of the State, some of whom became prominent in its early history, one of them being Governor Yates. His mother, Petreshe Hill, was a daughter of the distinguished divine and Revolutionary patriot, Rev. Nicholas Hill. The Hill family came to Schenectady from Londonderry, Ireland, at about the beginning of the eighteenth century. Henry Hill, grandfather of Petreshe, was a prominent citizen of Schenectady, and for his patriotic utterances was arrested and so cruelly maltreated and tortured by the British soldiers that he died in less than a year after, near the beginning of the Revolution. Inspired by his patriotism, and to avenge his death, his two youthful sons, Nicholas and Harry, entered the second New York regiment. They were with Washington at Valley Forge and Yorktown and remained until his army was disbanded in 1783. Then, for the first time, they returned to Schenectady. Nicholas, completing his studies, entered the Christian ministry. He lived on his beautiful plantation by the Mohawk to the advanced age of ninety years, greatly honored and beloved by his church and country. Petreshe Hill was sister of the celebrated lawyer, Nicholas Hill, Jr., who had the largest private law library and most lucrative practice of any lawyer in the United States. Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography says of him: " He was appointed State law reporter in 1841, and became one of the best special pleaders in the State, taking part in .over three-fourths of the cases on the docket of the Court of Appeals during his active practice." At his death, in 1859, his life-size portrait, as standing in the act of addressing that court, was placed in its rooms by the Bar of the State. She was also sister of the eminent lawyer, John L. Hill, who was leading counsel for the defense in the famous Tilton vs. Beecher case. She had four sons, who, following the example of her two brothers, sought the legal profession. The first was Merwin Hill, who graduated with honors at Union College, but died when preparing for the Bar. The second was James Ferguson, who graduated at Oberlin College, went with early settlers to California, and was one of the oldest lawyers of San Francisco when he died, in 1893, leaving a son and grandson, who are worthy members of the Bar in that city. The third was Nicholas Hill, who was both scholar and lawyer, and acquired fame as an educator, being at the head of the principal institution in the State of Florida, at Quincy, where he died in 1858. The fourth was Gideon Tabor, whose mother died in his infancy. He was brought by his father to Oberlin -College, but left before graduating to begin the study of law, which he did at Norwalk, Ohio, in the spring of 1842 in the office of Jairus Kennan, with

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whom he remained over a year, when he went to Columbus and entered the law office of Honorable N. H. Swayne, afterwards a justice of the United States Supreme Court. He remained there about a year and a half and then went to Florida, where he spent two winters with his brother Nicholas. Returning to Norwalk, he was admitted to the Bar on August 14, 1846, and became a law-partner of Jairus Kennan. He was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of the United States on January 26, 1866. In 1850 he was elected auditor of Huron county, and held the office for six years, when he resumed his law practice. After the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, he went to Iowa and purchased the Dubuque Times, that being the only daily Union paper in the north half of the State at that time. This he published until about the close of the war, when he sold it and returned to Ohio. He bought the controlling interest of the Toledo Commercial, which he sold at a profit in about six months ; and returning to Norwalk, resumed his law practice in the last of 1866, which he now continues, more than half a century having elapsed since he began it there. His practice has always been general, but confined to civil cases. He has been engaged in many important cases in Ohio. The printed law records and briefs of his Supreme Court cases alone make four large bound volumes. Mr. Stewart occupies first rank in his profession, and his ability is recognized throughout Ohio and in fact beyond the confines of the State. He is a man of charming and delightful manner, is greatly beloved by his fellow citizens and commands the respect of all who know him. As a speaker he is pleasant and ready. He has delivered many political speeches and numerous finished addresses on other subjects during his long and useful life. Originally he belonged to the old Whig party and was opposed to slavery. At the commencement of the war he became a Republican, but at the close he passed into the Prohibition party, where he has since remained and has always been one of its most earnest and conscientious workers. He was fifteen years a member and four years chairman of its national committee. He was unanimously nominated by three State conventions of the party in Ohio for President of the United States, but each time declined to be a candidate for that office. He was at one time the candidate of that party for vice-president of the United States; was three times its candidate for governor of Ohio and nine times its candidate for judge of the Supreme Court of the State. For the latter office he was the first and last candidate of the party, in 1869 and 1896. He was grand worthy patriarch of the Sons of Temperance and three times elected grand worthy Chief Templar of the Good Templars of Ohio and was prominent in the Maine law and other temperance movements. He is president of the Law Library Association of Huron county at Norwalk, and was one of its organizers. He has been engaged in many business and commercial enterprises. In the early years of his practice he edited the Norwalk Reflector, the Whig organ of Huron county, and was for several years half owner of the Toledo Blade. He is a life member of the American Bible Society. He has been for many years president of the Firelands Historical Society, of which he was one of

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founders over forty years ago, and which has published over 3,000 pages of historic collections there. He was one of the founders and first officers of the Whittlesey Academy of Arts and Sciences at Norwalk, which has maintained a large library and reading room, with valuable courses of lectures. He was also one of the pioneers of the Scotch-Irish Society of America and director of the Western Reserve Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. He was one of the organizers and directors of the Wheeling and Lake Erie Railroad Company. In 1857 he married Abby N. Simmons, of Greenfield, Huron county, and by this union there .are four children, all living: one daughter, Miss Mary Stewart, and three sons, Charles Hill Stewart, of the law firm of Bentley & Stewart, at Cleveland ; George Swayne Stewart, a member of the Norwalk Bar, now at the head of the George S. Stewart Company, engaged in manufacturing ; Harlon Lincoln Stewart, formerly State senator and for a number of years publisher of the Norwalk Experiment, the leading Democratic newspaper there.

JOHN McCAULEY, Tiffin. Judge McCauley was born in Ohio, of Scottish parents. His father, Henry McCauley, and his mother, Susan Kelley, were both natives of Paisley, Scotland. Both of them were reared and educated in the same town, and there they were married in 1834. They emigrated to America immediately after they had joined together their lives and fortunes, and settled first in Columbiana county, Ohio, on a farm which Mr. McCauley bought. He sold this farm soon afterwards and purchased another in Wood county, on which he lived about six years; and then removed to the farm in Hancock county on which the family home was established and maintained until his death, at the age of seventy-seven, in 1881. His widow survived him twelve years, and died at the age of eighty-seven years, at the home of her son, the judge, in Tiffin. Judge McCauley was born on his father's farm in Columbiana county, December 9, 1834. His early education was obtained in the common schools of Wood and Hancock counties until he arrived at the age of sixteen years. He then entered the Academy at Republic, Seneca county, as a students, and completed his preparation for college during the next three years. At the age of nineteen he entered Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, and remained there five years. He was graduated in 1859 on completion of the classical course, and received the degree of Bachelor of Arts. It is worthy of remark that his higher education was self-acquired. With the wages earned at teaching, mostly during the winter months, he paid his own expenses from the time he was sixteen years of age—at the academy and in college. On this account longer time was occupied between the start and the finish of his academic and collegiate courses, but it was time well spent. The business of teaching enabled him to make practical application of the knowledge gained from books and at the same time was the means of a mental discipline which

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is a valuable qualification in any profession. On the first day of September, 1859, he entered the law office of Judge James Pillars, one of the able and prominent lawyers of northern Ohio, who for ten years was judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Seneca county. He applied himself with such assiduity and studied with such well directed purpose as to be able to pass the requisite examination for admission to the Bar at the end of one year. He was examined and admitted and commenced the practice in September, 1860, at Tiffin. For thirty-six years he has been engaged continuously with the duties of the profession. He entered into a business partnership with Robert G. Pennington in 1875, a relation which was continued four years. In 1885 he formed a partnership with Henry J. Weller, which still continues. He was elected prosecuting attorney of Seneca county in 1865, and re-elected in 1867, serving four years. In 1874 he was elected to membership in the convention to revise the State Constitution, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the death of one of the-delegates. The work of the convention lasted about two months after he became a member, and his duties therein were discharged with ability. He was just forty, an age which unites the enthusiasm and ambition of youth with the dignity and prudence of middle life. In 1879 he was elected judge of the Common Pleas for the Tenth Judicial District of Ohio—a district comprising Wood, Hardin and Seneca counties. After three years of honorable service on the Bench he resigned to accept the higher office of member of the Supreme Court Commission, which was tendered him by Governor Charles Foster in April, 1883. The duties of this commission were equally arduous and important as those of the Supreme Court. Their intelligent performance required the same legal acumen and discriminating judgment. Judge McCauley served as a member of the commission until its work was concluded, in 1885, and then returned to his practice. He has been eminently successful at the Bar by reason of his natural abilities and large acquirements, his broad and accurate knowledge of men and affairs ; his comprehensive and technical knowledge of the law ; his established integrity and personal popularity. Judge McCauley has been a profound reader of the law and has given much attention to general literature ; is fond of Latin, versed in the language and is, in fact, a linguist. He has unusual intellectual strength. The character of his thought is argumentative. Naturally impulsive, he nevertheless approaches legal questions carefully, cautiously and with deliberation. He is never embarrassed in the trial of a cause, even though not entirely familiar with his witness or the points which he desires to prove. He feels his way with caution until he finds that his ground is substantial. He leads the witness up step by step to the climax. He is remarkably quick and happy with apt illustrations and appropriate argument. He is always interesting because of his readiness and impromptu speeches and his unconventional manner. He has confidence in himself and goes directly to the essence of his subject in a straightforward, logical statement, despising all finesse and intolerant of every species of subterfuge. Both his prepossessions and prejudices are strong, but his nature is genial and kindly. As a lawyer he is eminently fair in every way.

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He states a legal proposition clearly and enforces it with powerful argument. He believes in the right as defined by the law and his course is always direct, if it is possible to go straight to the point and " hew to the line." A peculiarity of his deliberations as a judge was his marked originality. He pursued his own methods in arriving at a decision and Weighed the authorities in his own balances. His individuality was never lost, but rather impressed upon his judicial opinions. His authority on the Bench was supreme. He preserved the dignity of the position and never allowed unseemly wrangles among lawyers who practiced before him. He dispatched the business of the court with remarkable facility, and while he sometimes checked with little ceremony the harangue of a long-winded attorney, he was always ready to help a young lawyer out of an embarrassing situation. He possesses in a marvelous degree the faculty of meeting questions in emergencies. He is never startled or surprised and never wavers in a position deliberately taken. His convictions are deep and firm ; but when convinced of error he yields promptly and gracefully. He is free from every species of vanity—is a plain, honest, fair-minded, large-hearted man. His sympathetic disposition is sometimes taken advantage of by the unworthy applicant for assistance and his charity is misplaced. Occasionally his strong, impulsive utterance, inspired by sudden heat, offends ; but he is quick to recover his equability and equally ready to pardon an offense in another. .His sensibilities are easily touched_ and in the familiar intercourse of his family he is devotion itself. His affa bility and geniality of temper render him approachable under all circumstances, and hence his friendships are strong and his friends numerous. A vein of originality in thought and method permeates his reasoning and course of action. While on the Bench he decided in a suit for slander that "calling a man a rogue or thief was not slander, but only a reflection on general character amounting to no specific charge." He does not accept without criticism the so-called authorities, even the highest, if in his opinion they contain error. His appointment to the Supreme Court Commission was recognized by the Bar as one of peculiar fitness. His long experience, his researches in the depths of the law, as well as literature, have qualified him as a capable counselor. His advice is freely and constantly sought by the younger members of the profession, and generously given. Judge McCauley never stoops to the arts and methods of a pettifogger. He never encourages a client in bringing a suit that does not possess real merit. If consulted in such a case he advises the client honestly, and if there is still a disposition manifest to enter suit, declines to take the case and refers the client to another attorney. He is too high minded to attempt to trick a court by any false pretensions, or seek to obtain a decision by questionable means. His forte is to convince by sound reasoning and fair application of the law to the question at Bar. He goes straight to the point or the marrow of a question, stripping it of all its superficiality and reducing it to the last analysis, separating the grain from the chaff. Hence his greatest and most successful efforts are with the judges, who are capable of following his reasoning and appreciating its analysis. Before either

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nisi prius or appellate courts he is powerful in argument. The cast of his mind is such as to be free from demagogy, and others are better adapted to influence the minds of a jury ; and yet in the general practice of law he is remarkably successful. Judge McCauley is not a member of any church, any secret order, or distinctively benevolent society. He is guided by a high standard of morality and dispenses charity with an open hand. He is a lawyer and a Democrat. He was married in 1864 to Miss Josephine Lockwood, daughter of Dr. Alonzo and Marinda Newcomb Lockwood, of Fostoria. Five daughters were born of this union, one of whom died at the age of seventeen. The others are living.

ARIUS NYE, deceased. Arius Nye, the subject of this biography, was born in the fort at Marietta, Ohio, December 27, 1792. He was the son of Colonel I

chabod Nye and Minerva Tupper, the daughter of General Benjamin Tupper. Both Colonel Nye and General Tupper were officers in the Continental army, who served with honor and distinction during the Revolutionary War. General Tupper was afterwards sent out by Congress to complete the survey of certain lands lying west of Pennsylvania and north of the Ohio river, subsequently designated as the Northwest Territory. When his work was finished, according to the new system of surveying into sections one mile square, he paid a visit to a friend and former comrade in arms, who was in command of Fort Harmer, at the mouth of the Muskingum river. Upon returning to Massachusetts, General Tupper called upon his old army friend, General Rufus Putnam, and informed him of the beauty and fertility of the region about the Muskingum. Thereupon the two generals took the initial steps which resulted in organizing the Ohio Company and colonizing the Northwest Territory. The house in which Judge Nye was born was one of the buildings erected early by members of the Ohio Company and on the company's lands inside of the stockade, as a protection from the hostile Indians. His education in boyhood was necessarily limited. As the first settlement of the Northwest Territory was at Marietta and all of the region was a vast wilderness over which Indians roamed at will, the introduction of schools was slow and the facilities at hand were such only as permitted the acquirement of elementary knowledge of the common branches. Communication with the old States was difficult, and the establishment of academies or high schools was delayed for some time. Judge Nye, having a strong desire for learning beyond such advancement as those pioneer common schools afforded, by diligent study and close application educated himself liberally in the English language and became a fair Latin scholar, with some assistance from a private tutor. He continued to be a zealous student during the greater part of his life. All of his writings show that he was able to express himself with elegance and precision, in excellent English. While yet a boy he was sent by his father to the town of Springfield, as it was then called (afterwards, in 1815, named Putnam, and now a part of Zanesville), to carry on mercantile business. In

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July, 1814, he became the partner of his father in the firm of " I. & A. Nye." Before reaching the age of twenty-one he was elected a director in the "Muskingum Bank," at Zanesville. Merchandising was not a congenial pursuit for him at any time, and the loss of a cargo of merchandise by the sinking of a boat afforded a good excuse for abandoning the business, The goods lost had been purchased to replenish his stock, and no part of the loss was covered by insurance. This circumstance, together with his indisposition to make traffic his life work, induced him to leave off at once and take up the study of law. About 1818 or 1819 he was admitted to the Bar at Zanesville, and immediately afterwards commenced practice there, which was continued until 1823. when he was induced by his uncle, General Edward Tupper, to remove to Gallipolis. At that period the so-called sickly seasons along the valley of the Ohio carried off a large percentage of the population in two or three years, while the plague lasted. General Tupper was of the number who succumbed to the climatic disease, and after his death Mr. Nye removed to Marietta with his young family.- He had, in 1815, married Rowena Spencer, daughter of Dr. Joseph Spencer, of Vienna, Wood county, Virginia, who continued to be his companion and helpmeet until her death in 1842. In 1848. he was married to Caroline M. Nisson, of Newport, Rhode Island. After his removal to Marietta, in 1825, Mr. Nye continued the practice of law in Washington, Athens, Meigs, Gallia, Lawrence and Morgan counties, until he was elected judge, never missing a term of court in five of the counties named. For a number of years he served as _ prosecuting attorney of Washington county with great ability. He was repeatedly chosen a member of the Legislature, representing Washington county three terms between 1827 and 1841. He was a senator, representing the counties of Athens, Washington and Hocking in 1831-2, and again for the succeeding term. He served in both branches of the legislature with distinction and was a very able member of the committees of the Senate, on finance and the judiciary. As chairman of the committee on banking he drafted and reported a bill to charter "The State Bank of Ohio and Branches." The bill did not pass both houses during that session, but was subsequently taken up and after some amendments enacted into law by the general assembly. As nearly all the old chartered banks had closed or failed, or reached the limit of their charters, banks were generally organized under this law and furnished a safe, reliable currency, which continued to circulate until the National system of banking was inaugurated during the early part of the war. In 1845 Mr. Nye was elected president judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the Eighth Circuit, comprising the counties of Washington, Athens, Meigs, Gallia, Lawrence, Scioto and Morgan. The territory was large and three terms of court were required to be held in each county every year. The labor was so exacting and severe that Judge Nye's health broke under the strain and he was obliged to resign after about four years of service on the Bench. His close application, inflexible integrity and judicial temper, thorough knowledge of the law and strict impartiality; his innate love of justice and severe conscientiousness his gray-

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ity of manner and deep convictions, fitted him admirably for the duties of a trial judge, and his enforced retirement, for lack of physical strength to endure the labor, was a great loss to the judiciary. Upon his recovery Judge Nye resumed practice, to which he devoted himself earnestly and successfully. He gained high reputation as a chancery lawyer and became distinguished throughout the State for that branch of practice. He was also a very conscientious attorney, and in the fidelity with which he prosecuted the pleas of the State had no superior. He was a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church; was appointed lay reader for St. Luke's Parish by Bishop Chase in January, 1826, and continued to discharge the duties appertaining to the position until the parish secured a rector. Soon afterwards ,the building of a church was commenced, and Judge Nye was the largest contributor to the erection and furnishing of the edifice. He was indeed a most zealous and active member in everything relating to the parish and the maintenance of a pastor. he was a very benevolent man in aiding and assisting his friends and other worthy persons. Judge Nye reared a family of sons and daughters whose honorable and useful lives evidence their careful home training. One of his sons, the eldest, Arius Spencer Nye, was admitted to the Bar and practiced law with his father several years, until 1846, when he removed to Chillicothe and became cashier of the Ross county Branch of the State Bank of Ohio. He died in 1884 at Opolis, Missouri. The second son, Dudley Selden Nye, was admitted to the Bar in 1843 and practiced law with his younger brother, William Spencer Nye, who was admitted to the profession about the same time. In 1857 he went to Council Bluffs, Iowa, and there was elected county judge. He is now living at Marietta. William Spencer, the third son, mentioned above as the partner of his elder brother, served as prosecutor one term with much ability and credit. He became attorney for the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad during the time of its construction. He built up and sustained the reputation of an able lawyer whose early career in the profession gave prominence of great eminence had life been spared a few years longer. He died at Chillicothe in 1862. Theodore Sedgwick Nye, the youngest son, born to Judge Nye by his second wife, also studied law and was admitted to the Bar in New York, where he still resides. Of the daughters, two married lawyers : Harriet became the wife of Judge Henry A. Towne, of Portsmouth; Virginia married Judge Henry Ford, of Iowa. Judge Arius Nye died at Marietta, the place of his birth, July 27, 1865, in the seventy-third year of his age. The noble traits of his character and his upright life endeared him to the community of which he was a member for more than three score and ten years. He was pronounced a self-made man, possessing strong powers of original thought, strong convictions of duty and .fine sensibilities. His influence was felt by those who came in contact with him, and it was an inspiration to many toward higher and better things. At the time of his death he had attained a wider celebrity than any other citizen of Marietta. As a juris a chancery pleader and a criminal lawyer he ranked among the first in th West. Few lawyers have been permitted to contribute as much to the pr fession, in their own lives and in their posterity, as Judge Nye.

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WILLIAM TRIMBLE McCLINTICK, Chillicothe. W. T. McClintick was for fifty years a familiar figure at the Bar of Ross county and other counties of southern Ohio. He was born in Chillicothe, where his father was a pioneer resident, February 20, 1819, and has lived continuously in the town to the present time. His early education was obtained in the public schools and the academy at his native town. A fondness for reading, manifested almost in childhood, clearly foreshadowed a literary and professional course. Three qualities well defined in his character enabled him to advance rapidly : ambition to excel, industry and persistent energy in the prosecution of a purpose. These are qualities which contribute largely to a boy's confidence in himself and his ability to overcome obstacles. At the age of fourteen he was sent to the Ohio University at Athens, where he spent one year associated in classes with young men who were his seniors by several years, an association which tended to the early development of manly traits, such as the habit of independent thought and action. His course in the university was cut short by a requirement of the faculty to which he refused to subscribe, on returning at the opening of the second year, namely, a pledge to aid in detecting and suppressing disorder. The boy, who was then little more than fifteen years of age, was willing to become responsible for his own conduct, but entirely unwilling to make himself odious by the exercise of espionage on the conduct of other students. His refusal to act in such capacity terminated his connection with the Ohio University. The following year he was sent to the college at Augusta, Kentucky, an old institution under control of the Methodist Episcopal Church, which was then enjoying its greatest prestige. His application and habit of study enabled him to complete the regular course in two years, and he was graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1837. His prosecution of legal studies immediately after graduation and for three years ensuing qualified him for the honorary degree of Master of Arts, which was conferred in 1840. His course of reading in law was in the office of Creighton & Bond, the leading firm of that day, both members of which had served in Congress, Colonel Bond representing the district at the period mentioned. A course of preliminary reading was carefully marked out for the young student by his preceptors and pursued with the same regularity and definiteness of purpose as though his admission to the Bar depended upon his ability to comprehend and master it. Indeed, it may be said that admission to the practice of law at that time and in that place, which had been the capital of the State, did depend upon a knowledge of the underlying principles and the essential attributes of the law as determined by a careful and discriminating examination of the applicant's attainments. Personal standing and political influence were not accepted for knowledge of the law. Young McClintick. was examined by a committee of five very able and distinguished members of the Bar, namely, Samuel F. Vinton, William V. Peck, Oscar F. Moore, John Welch and Charles Oscar Tracy. He passed the examination, received a license to practice in the Supreme Court and other courts of the State. and accepted the invitation to participate in the trial of the first case called after he entered the court

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house as a licensed attorney. Starting alone, he gained practice rapidly and very soon his time was fully occupied with legal business. In 1843 he was admitted to partnership in the firm of Creighton, Green & McClintick, the first named member being his former preceptor. It is a compliment to his ability and qualifications for the practice that this partnership was entered into on terms of equality as to division of profits between the three members of the firm. He withdrew at the close of the first year and continued alone until 1852, when he united with Amos Smith, a highly reputable commercial lawyer. The firm of McClintick & Smith was continued for thirty-six years, when the latter retired from the practice, of law on account of banking and other large commercial interests with which he was connected. Mr. McClintick continued in the practice alone to the middle of the year 1890, which rounded out half a century of active, devoted service at the Bar. In accordance with a purpose formed long before, his active connection with courts and clients ceased at that time, when he was well prepared to enjoy the luxury and repose of private life and find recreation in the management or supervision of his agricultural interests, -or enjoy the solace of his well selected library. He never held but one office during the long period of his semipublic life, and that was the office of prosecuting attorney of Ross county for a single term, beginning in 1849. He cherished a laudable ambition about that time to be president judge of the Court of Common Pleas and received the caucus nomination of the Whigs in the legislature for that honorable office, but was defeated in the election. Nearly twenty years later his name was presented to President Hayes, with the highest endorsements of lawyers and statesmen, for the position of judge of the Sixth United States Circuit, after the death of Judge Emmons. The question of locality only was against his success, as the President felt obliged to give the appointment; to the South, in the person of Judge Baxter of Tennessee. For nearly forty years of the period of his active practice Mr. McClintick was a railroad lawyer, beginning as counsel of the Contractors of the Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad during the decade between 1850 and 1860. From that time until his retirement he never ceased to be general counsel or solicitor for one or more railroads, aiding in the reorganization and transfer or consolidation of different lines which made up the Cincinnati, Washington and Baltimore railroad, and finally anchoring that line in the Baltimore and Ohio system. He was a director of these several companies for a quarter of a century, and president of the C. W. and B. Company for about one year; president of the terminal line of the B. and 0., at Cincinnati, for about twenty-five years, and of a short line in the Hocking Valley to Belpre from 1853 until its consolidation with the C. W. and B. He was also a director of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad Company for many years, and president of the company from 1879 to 1884, while its property was in the hands of a receiver. Relieved of the management of the operating department by the receiver, he had supervision of the litigation, the adjustment and settlement of legal entanglements, thus contributing largely to the value of the property.

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Politically, Mr. McClintick started as a Whig, supporting the candidacy of General Harrison for President in 1840, and continuing to act with that party on national issues until its disintegration, and then naturally united with the elements opposed to the extension of slavery in the organization of the Republican party. He has not been a partisan in the sense of following leadership and supporting candidates regardless of their character and qualifications for office. Personal and political independence has been a characteristic of his active life. When the rebellion broke out he immediately- became active for the Union cause, encouraged the patriotic sentiment in public addresses and .by his active work as chairman of the county military committee, contributing largely to recruit soldiers for the decimated ranks of armies in the field and the care of families of volunteers who needed sympathy and support. His personal service in the field was limited to the campaign to capture General John Morgan, in which he acted as lieutenant colonel of the Fourth Regiment of Ross county militia. He was a member of the meeting which organized the American Bar Association at Saratoga, in 1878, and assisted in the organization of that body as a permanent institution, serving as a member of its council for the State of Ohio. In the limited space which can be devoted to the biography of a single man in a work like the " Bench and Bar," it is impossible to present more than a brief outline of a life which has been full of activity and diversified work in the law for half a century. It is desirable to present a sketch which will in some degree indicate the characteristics of the man and his sources of power. It is scarcely doubted that the associations formed during the period, of his minority exercised an influence in shaping his course and fixing habits of thought and study. During the time he was a student at Augusta, Dr. Bascom, the professor of moral sciences, was a pulpit orator of the highest reputation. The president, Dr. Tomlinson, was a man of large and varied talents. The students, most of whom were older than the subject of our sketch, were young men who won distinction afterwards in professional or political life. Here he acquired literary ability ; learned to be concise in expression, and by the proper use of the advantages thus early presented came into command of a choice vocabulary. He was versatile, contributing articles on various subjects to the popular magazines and delivering noteworthy addresses to literary societies. His course of reading in law fixed firmly in his mind the foundation principles of the various kinds and departments of law. His habit of thought, earnestness and painstaking attention to all details qualified him well for the argument of a case. He was careful and shrewd in the adjustment of differences in cases settled by compromise, firm in contention for the rights of his client in such cases as were litigated to the end. He was always kind and helpful to young attorneys. He would not be classed as a brilliant orator, and is hardly sufficiently magnetic to move juries through sympathy. His method is rather that of a logician. His speech is smooth, his diction elegant, his oration scholarly and finished. The texture of his mind is fine; its quality literary. He started in the law without first engaging in the work of teaching or other employment as a

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stepping stone. A prominent judge says : " Mr. McClintick is well versed in the law his greatest force is before the court is a fine trial lawyer, and brings out all the facts in his case. He is skillful in applying the law to the facts in the case. His specialties may be said to be commercial law, corporation law, and particularly railroad law. He is also strong as an office lawyer. He is familiar with all the details of railroad business, and stands high-as a railroad lawyer. He is a man of the strictest integrity, and has never been connected with a questionable transaction affecting his integrity." He was married at Howellsburg, Kentucky, October 11, 1845, to Miss Elizabeth Mary Atwood. Six children were born to them, only two of whom are living. The eldest daughter, Mary Petrea, is unmarried and lives at home. The youngest, Ann Porter, is the wife of Edward W. Strong, formerly of New Brunswick, New Jersey, now a resident of Cincinnati, and assistant general counsel of the B. and 0. S. W. railway system. Mr. McClintick has since boyhood been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and by precept as well as a consistent example, has promoted the cause of Christianity. .

AMOS SMITH, Chillicothe. Judge Amos Smith, late of Chillicothe, was one of the best known men in southern Ohio. He was born August 16, 1827, at Lancaster, the son of George Hunter Smith, a native of Virginia. and Amelia Matlock, a native of Maysville, Kentucky. He was educated in his native town and began the study of law at an early age in the office of his uncle, Hocking Hunter, one of the ablest of that great Bar of Fairfield county which contained many of the historic names in the legal annals of the State. Probably no county in the earlier stages of the history of Ohio contained so large a percentage of members of its Bar who achieved remarkable eminence and distinction. O arriving at the age of twenty-one young Smith was admitted to practice in tie courts and soon afterwards located in Sandusky. where he became associated with Judge Reber. After remaining there about three years he removed to Chillicothe and engaged for one year as clerk in the Chillicothe Valley Bank. In 1852 he resumed the practice of law, having become associated in partnership with William T. McClintick, who was already established in law, and for more than a third of a century the firm of McClintick & Smith was widely known for the ability of its members, the extent of its practice and the remarkable financial success achieved in the law and commercial pursuits. Mr. Smith was essentially a commercial lawyer. He could hardly have been related to Hocking Hunter without possessing natural aptitude for the law:; and the financial instinct appears to have been exceedingly prominent among his natural gifts. The union of these two faculties in a strong and well balanced mind resulted, as may have been expected, in triumphs along the lines of real estate and corporation law; and in business qualified him for large success as a banker. He became associate council of the

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Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad in 1860 and continued to serve in that capacity for the company and its successor until 1883. When the Baltimore and Ohio southwestern system was organized in 1890 he became a member of its board of directors, a position which he held until death. He was one of the incorporators of the First National Bank of Chillicothe and sustained the relation of attorney to the bank from the time of its organization until 1884, when he became president. As president and financial manager of this strong fiscal institution he added to its business and profits. He was not only safe and conservative, but also broad-minded and enterprising as an executive manager. His entire talent was not expended in one line of Work, -nor was he content to invest his surplus earnings in one class of securities. 'Foreseeing the great-wealth buried in the valleys and hills of the State, he became interested very largely in coal lands, which he proceeded to develop, organizing first the Carbondale Coal Company of Athens county, and afterwards becoming the promoter and one of the incorporators of the Wellston Coal Company of Jackson county, through which firm he was a great factor in the development of that rich and now celebrated coal field of southern Ohio, and later he became extensively interested in coal properties in the Hocking Valley and elsewhere. These investments were all valuable 'and of a character to secure immediate profits on their improvement and leave a vast inheritance to his heirs. He became the owner of large landed estates in several different counties and also bad numerous other financial interests which evidenced his sagacity as an investor, no less than his prudence as a manager. He died October 23,1892, leaving his son, George Hunter Smith as his successor in the management of varied and valuable financial interests. Mr. Smith was married December 12, 1857, to Henrietta Renick. Five children were born of this union : Elizabeth Renick, George Hunter, Anna, Ida Wyeth and Charles Francis. In social life Mr. Smith was always courteous and congenial, exhibiting more than ordinary fidelity in his friendships. He was honored by his family and neighbors, because of the possession of those traits of character which inspire confidence and respect. In business circles he was widely known and universally honored, because of the high standard of financial integrity which he maintained and the habit of promptness in meeting all engagements. He possessed the genius of labor, and could accomplish as much in a given time as any man in all that region, excelling as a financial lawyer rather than an advocate or a trial lawyer. His nervous force and energy were superior to his physical strength, but his will was imperious, and it is affirmed that his life was supported mainly for a year and a half by extraordinary will-power, as he refused to retire from business on the advice of his physician, when he was in no physical condition to continue in active pursuits. In view of his predilections and successes, it may be appropriate to place the financial instinct first and characterize him as the banker-lawyer. He was a fine looking gentleman, whose appearance and bearing could no fail to attract favorable notice. A prominent judge of Chillicothe says : " Mr. Smith was not a good pleader ; he seldom appeared in court ; was an indefatigable worker ; had a great grasp of affairs, and man-

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aged successfully large estates. He was a very prominent man in this section of the state ; had a fine mind for details; was very positive and aggressive." Another well known judge says : " Mr. Smith was a commercial lawyer of the highest standing. In all business transactions on a large scale he seemed to grasp the points that belonged to his case; was very methodical and diligent; labored incessantly night and day when the pressure of a great many suits of a commercial character was upon him. His counsel was good and sought for by the business community. He as essentially a consulting lawyer ; a man of the highest integrity of character, proficient in all the departments of commercial law, and, in fact, in all departments of the law, except criminal law. He was a man of very superior mind, of the largest capacity for commercial transactions; was a superior corporation lawyer. The firm of McClintick & Smith was the greatest in this whole section of the state in the management of corporation cases. He was an ideal business man, • which is demonstrated by his remarkable success in life. I know of no man who was a safer counsellor. He was modest and unassuming, too much engrossed in business to be literary." Another prominent lawyer says: "Mr. Smith was a very able man in business affairs, careful, shrewd, attentive, and what might be termed a very successful man ; was a first-class office lawyer, especially in matters involving great financial interests ; was very capable in the preparation of legal papers." Another says : " He had no superior at this Bar as a commercial lawyer, and no superior in the community as a successful man. He managed a great many estates, and was implicitly trusted on account of the wisdom of his counsel and his carefulness to be right. He was consulted more than any other lawyer upon business complications in the town, in which he was especially competent. He was consulted on all important matters and was pre-eminent in matters pertaining to commercial law." Another lawyer of the Chillicothe Bar says : "In commercial law he has had no equal at this Bar. For a long time he was counsel for the merchants here, and was chiefly an office lawyer. He was keen, shrewd, sagacious and farseeing; a careful draftsman of contracts and wills, and in giving advice as to the management of large estates by trustees. He had the confidence of the business community on account of his great abilities and executive force. Ile was a man of wide knowledge, excellent judgment and superior capacity for banking.and corporation law."

WILLIAM H. SAFFORD, Chillicothe. Honorable William H. Safford one of the ablest jurists and advocates now living in southern Ohio. His ancestors were for a long time residents of New England, and his grandfather, Dr. Jonas Safford, and his father, Dr. Eliel Todd Safford, were both educated practicing physicians. His mother was Anna T. Harrison, of Louden county Virginia. He was born February 19, 1821,. in Parkersburg, Virginia.

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His early education was limited to the acquirements of the common schools of his day and he began teaching at the age of sixteen, afterwards filling the position of principal of an academy in which he had been a student. The teacher's profession, however, was not to his taste and he began the study of law in the office of William A. Harrison, of Clarksburg, Virginia, in 1840. He participated in the campaign of. that year, making speeches in favor of General William H. Harrison. He was admitted to practice in the State of Virginia in April, 1841, two months after reaching his majority. For some time his practice was by no means lucrative and the circumstances surround in; him would have discouraged one whose temperament was less sanguine. During the period of his waiting for clients he was by no means idle, but improved the time in historical research and the study of literature in connection with application to such law publications as were accessible. He was hopeful of the future and self-reliant in the present, having full confidence that he who sows wisely will reap abundantly later on. Before his business was sufficient to afford a livelihood with any of the luxuries he entered into marriage with a young woman of Virginia whose baptismal name, " Pocahontas," recalls a historic incident of the early settlement of that colony. She was the daughter of Dr. David Creel, and her full Christian name was Annie Maria Pocahontas. In 1848 Mr. Safford removed to Chillicothe, Ohio, where-he soon established himself in his profession. He also in those early years devoted some time to literary pursuits, having in 1850 published a biography of Harman Blennerhassett. After further research this work was enlarged and published in 1861 under the title of The Blennerhassett Papers. Although Mr. Safford's early acquirements were very limited, he enlarged them by study and general reading until he has become one of the really learned men in the literature of the law and in general literature. In 1857 he was elected senator and served with ability in the legislature of the State. In 1859 he was the Democratic candidate for lieutenant governor on the ticket with the late Judge Rufus P. Ranney, who was the candidate for governor. In 1868 he was elected judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the Fifth Judicial District, served one term and declined a renomination. At the close of his judicial service he resumed the practice of law, in which he has since been continuously engaged. Judge Safford performed the duties appertaining to the judicial office with ability and conscientious fidelity to the obligations imposed. He could have remained on the Bench for an indefinite period if such had been his desire. Prior to his election as judge he had become eminent as an advocate and also as a trial lawyer. His successes on the forum doubtless influenced his determination to resume practice. Profoundly learned in the law, liberally informed in matters of history and science, cultivated by wide reading in literature, logical in the cast of his mind, he has for many years been one of the most formidable lawyers at the Bar of southern Ohio. On the Bench he won the esteem of all who practiced in his courts by his perennial good temper, his kindness to young members of the Bar and his courtesy to all. He was, moreover, inflexibly honest in arriving at and expressing his

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judgments, and impartial as between litigants and their counsel. He is a man of stainless reputation in all the relations of life. For many years he served as member of the board of education of Chillicothe and he has long been a communicant of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

CHARLES H. GROSVENOR, Athens. General Charles H., the son of Peter Grosvenor and Ann Chase, was born at Pomfret, Wyndham county, Connecticut, September 20, 1833. He is a descendant of John Grosvenor, who emigrated from England, settled at Roxbury, Massachusetts, and founded t family line in America, through his six sons. The tombstone of this ancestor at Roxbury, where he died in 1690, bears the crest !and coat of arms of the family in England. His grandfather, Thomas Grosvenor, was colonel of the Second Regiment Connecticut Volunteers during the Revolution and served on the staff of General Washington. His father served in the War of 1812 as major :of the Tenth Connecticut regiment. His own brilliant career as a volunteer soldier in suppressing the Rebellion is in evidence to' prove that his inheritance of patriotism and chivalry was not dishonored. When only five years of age General Grosvenor was brought by his parents to Athens county, Ohio, which was then on the frontier. There was no schoolhouse in the neighborhood of their clearing until he had reached the age of fourteen, when the primitive district log house was erected. In the meantime, however, the rudiments of his education had not been neglected. He received from his intelligent and refined mother, a woman of high character and unusual refinement, valuable lessons from text-books and lessons in duty. The training which he received at home was more beneficial, because directed with broader intelligence, than any which the district schools of the times afforded'. He was ambitious and persevering, with a will to conquer difficulties and energy commensurate with his purpose. It was not a misfortune that he was compelled early to rely upon his own resources and shape his own course in life. The condition of self-dependence cultivates the quality of self-reliance, which is a valuable factor in the equipment of a boy for any sphere of responsible action in manhood. He worked on the farm in season, taught district school$ during the short winter terms for which the revenue supported them, and r the foundation books of law during the long evenings and leisure hours. He was directed in this course of primary reading by Honorable Lot L. Smith. The mental discipline incident to teaching others enabled him to acqu knowledge for himself with greater facility, and in 1857 he was admitted the Bar of Athens, qualified to engage in the practice of law. The adult life of General Grosvenor presents three phases—the professional, the military the political—all of which are interesting. (1) He formed a partnership Zvi Honorable S. S. Knowles in 1858, which was terminated three years later the opening of the Rebellion.. After the war he became associated with J. Dana, in the firm of Grosvenor Sr Dana, which continued fourteen years.

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several years, beginning in 1868, he was also associated with Austin W. Vorhis at Pomeroy as head of the firm of Grosvenor & Vorhis, which was discontinued on account of the pressing engagements of public life. His business associates in legal practice at Athens for some years past are E. J. Jones and L. G. Worstell, under the style of Grosvenor, Jones & Worstell. He is a lawyer of high reputation and large clientage. Trained in the old school, he has adhered to the custom of taking cases in all departments of practice. He has been equally successful in civil practice and the conduct of criminal cases. Quick in discernment, ready and logical in argument, careful in the preparation of a case, he is able to impress the court. Skillful in the use of words chosen from a large vocabulary at command, gifted in the art of oratory, controlled to a degree by sentiment and sympathy, his power over a jury is great. His practice has brought him into all the courts, from the Common Pleas of his county to the Supreme Court of the United States. He was chairman of the executive committee of the State Bar Association for several years after its organization. (2) At the opening of the Rebellion he enlisted as a private, but soon received a major's commission, and in 1863 was promoted to a lieutenant colonelcy. Before the close of the war he was a full colonel and a brigadier general by brevet. He was recommended for promotion by General Stedman for gallant service on the field in the battle of Nashville, and the recommendation was endorsed in most complimentary terms by General George H. Thomas. In every situation his courage and skill were equal to the demands and the emergency. (3) In 1873 and again in 1875 General Grosvenor .was elected 'to the general assembly of Ohio from Athens county. During the second term he served as speaker of the House of Representatives, with ability and general approbation. He became an acknowledged force in Ohio politics and a leader in the Republican party. He was trustee of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home from 1880 to 1888, and president of the board five years. He was a Presidential elector in 1872 for his district, and in 1880 for the State at large. He has been elected to the Forty-ninth, Fiftieth, Fifty-first, Fifty-third, Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses. His fame as an orator, familiarity with political questions and ability as a lawyer have given him high rank among the Nation's legislators. His personal popularity and power as a political debater create a demand for his services throughout the country during a campaign. Few men are more entertaining, instructive ,or influential on the stump. The intimate personal friend of Major McKinley, he was the staunch supporter of the major's candidacy for President in its very incipiency. He was indeed the redoubtable leader in the organization of forces and the combination of influences which resulted in McKinley's nomination at St. Louis in July, 1896. During the canvass which followed he appeared on the hustings in many States. No voice was more eloquent, no argument more effective than General Grosvenor's—from the Atlantic seaboard to the plains of Kansas. Never for a moment did his confidence in the final issue waver. His faith, transmitted as a magnetic current to the people who were fortunate enough to hear him speak, inspired in them the firm belief

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in McKinley's election. He was always ready with figures to demonstrate the basis of his faith, and so earned the sobriquet of the " Statistician of the Campaign." The November returns justified his claims and established his reputation as a political prophet. Had he consented to the use of his name as a contestant he would certainly have been a formidable competitor of Thomas B. Reed for the speakership of the Fifty-fifth Congress. He is the recognized leader of his party on the floor. General Grosvenor is one of the brilliant debaters of the 'House. His long service and close observation have made him perfectly familiar with parliamentary procedure, and the complicated rules governing the House of Representatives in particular. Thoroughly informed in matters of legislation, logical in his method of presenting an argument, keen at repartee, equable in temper, earnest and even ardent in manner, he is powerful both in defense and assault. Free to pursue and conclude an argument in his own way, he advances his cause by the force of his reasoning and the eloquence of his appeal. Captiously interrupted, he brings to his adversary confusion and discomfiture, by a philippic more scathing and sententious than those which immortalized Demosthenes. He is endowed with a bright imagination, ready wit, genuine humor, a resonant voice, lively sympathy and good action—faculties and attributes essential to the orator. General Grosvenor was married December 1, 1858, to Samantha Stewart, of Athens county, who died in April, 1866, leaving a daughter. He was married to Miss Louise H. Currier, a native of the same county, May 21, 1867. Two daughters are the fruit of this marriage.

SAMUEL CRAIGHEAD, deceased, was the first lawyer bearing his family name to become established in Dayton. He founded the firm now composed of William and Charles A. Craighead. As the name implies, the Craigheads are unmistakably Scotch in their origin, and they are indued with industry, firmness, self-reliance and other mental and moral characteristics of that vigorous race. Following the stem of their genealogical tree back for two hundred years, we find the head of the American family of the name was a celebrated divine of the Presbyterian faith', and a native of Scotland. His name was Thomas Craighead. He came to the States in 1715 ; his ancestors reaching back in a long line to the feudal ages were cultivated people, many of them also clergymen. Being a minister, his home was wherever his duties called him. He died in 1739 at Newville, Pennsylvania, in the pulpit, after finishing one of his impressive sermons. His posterity settled in that State and became distinguished for their devotion to the cause of liberty. In the struggle for independence they were all patriots. John Craighead, from whom the subjects of this sketch are lineal descendants, settled at Carlisle, Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, in 1742, on a tract of land he purchased of William Penn's heirs, and it was there that Samuel Craighead was born, July 6, 1818. His father was a farmer, but died when Samuel was but three years of age, leaving a family of seven children, of which Samuel was the

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youngest but one. His early education was fragmentary, obtained partially in public schools of Carlisle and partly in the academy connected with the Dickinson College at that place. When seventeen years of age he went to New York and entered his brother's printing office, remaining there seven years, five of which were spent at the printer's trade and the last two in the study of law, the profession he had determined to enter. In 1842 he came to Ohio and continued his studies in the office of S. D. King, of Newark, and the next year was admitted to the Bar at-Mansfield, Ohio. In the spring of 1844 he opened an office in Dayton for the practice of his profession, where by reason of his marked ability he soon attracted public attention. In 1848 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Montgomery county and in that position demonstrated and established his rank among lawyers. This term of public service fixed his status at the Dayton Bar. He stepped to his place in the front and maintained that position to his death. He loved his profession and refused to leave it for political honors, though often urged to do so. He was offered the nomination for Congress by his party in 1872, when it was equivalent to an election, but he declined to have his name go before the convention. In 1876 while absent from home he was made the Republican candidate to represent his district in Congress, but peremptorily declined, and another convention was called to name a candidate,.who was afterwards elected. Had he consented to accept the honors the people were ready to thrust upon him, there were none among his intimate acquaintances who had any doubt as to what his future would have been. Well informed, strong in his argument, gifted as an orator, and courteous in his bearing, he possessed the elements that would have swiftly carried him up to a plane with the ablest National law-makers, as they had established him in the front rank at the Bar of his adopted State. He had a large general practice, but in criminal cases, especially homicide, he had a reputation as wide as the borders of the State. As a trial lawyer he was very effective ; his cases were al ways thoroughly prepared. In wit and repartee he was a master, and in summing up a case before a jury he was often brilliant and at times sublime. Mr. Craighead had extensive domestic business relations. He was president of the Firemen's Insurance Company, of Dayton, from its organization in 1856 to the time of his death. He was for many years a member of the order of Odd Fellows and filled the highest offices and obtained the highest honors of the order. He was Grand Sire of the Grand Lodge of the United States from September, 1858, to September, 1860. The firm of Craighead & Craighead was formed in 1877 by a partnership arrangement between Samuel and William Craighead. In 1881 Charles A. Craighead was admitted to the firm as junior partner, and the firm as thus constituted remained until the senior partner retired from active practice on account of his failing health. The remaining partners continued the business under the same firm name. In February, 1853, Mr. Samuel Craighead married Mrs. Jeanette A., daughter of Judge William Miller, deceased, of Cincinnati, and relict of Lieutenant Woodhull Schenck, of the United States Navy. By this union Mr. Craighead had three sons, Robert G., Emanuel J.,

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and Charles A. Mr. Craighead possessed the universal esteem both of his . brethren in the profession and all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance. He passed the evening of his life in the quiet enjoyment of the fruits of th labor of other years. Time began to make ravages in his splendid physiq and it became apparent to him as well as to others that his thread of life nearly spent.

WILLIAM CRAIGHEAD, the senior member of the firm of Craighead Sr Craighead, is the son of Dr. John B. Craighead, for many years a prominent and leading physician of the City of Dayton, and a graduate of Philadelphia Medical College. William Craighead came to the Bar in 1860 thoroughly equipped for the profession, so far as solid, scientific, classical and legal education could go. He began practice in Dayton as the senior partner of the firm of Craighead & Munger. He was soon afterwards elected to the office of city solicitor, and served in that capacity very acceptably for two terms. He was elected to the same office in the spring of 1892 and served three years. This is the only public office he ever accepted. He preferred to be a good lawyer rather than a politician, and no buzzing political bees ever found lodgment in his hat. In his practice at the Dayton Bar he early made the reputation of being an able, accurate, reliable lawyer, and has well sustained that reputation ever since. He continued in business with Mr. Munger for fifteen years, in which the firm enjoyed a very lucrative practice. In 18'77 he became the junior partner in the firm of Craighead & Craighead, and has been a partner in the business since. When Samuel Craighead retired from practice he became the head of the firm, a position which his ability and long connection with the business enabled him to fill to the full satisfaction of their large clientage. In December, 1867, he was married to Margaret S. Wright, of Urbana, Ohio, which proved a happ union. He is esteemed as much in his quiet home for his social qualities as is at the Bar for his legal abilities.

CHARLES A. CRAIGHEAD, junior partner of the firm of Craighead Craighead, is the son of Samuel and Jeanette Craighead. he is a native Dayton, and was born August 12, 1857. His primary education was obtained in the common and, high schools of his native city. He entered La Faye College at Easton, Pennsylvania, in 1876, and was graduated in 1880. He admitted to the Bar in 1881, and at once began active practice as junior me ber of the firm of Craighead & Craighead. In such distinguished company found but little opportunity in the early years of his practice to gain pu recognition,. but he was getting something better—a thorough training in principles of law and a remunerative practice. Following the footsteps of father, he has never sought distinction outside of his profession. As he gained

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experience his father gradually relinquished his hold on the business, and the ability with which it was handled demonstrated that his mantle was to fall on worthy shoulders. The reputation established by the founder of the firm in almost half a century of active practice is being well maintained by his successors. Mr. Craighead was married November 30, 1892, to Kathleen, daughter of General Alexander McD. McCook.

MARTIN WELKER, Wooster. Honorable Martin Welker, jurist and statesman, was born on a farm in Knox county, Ohio, April 25, 1819. He came in with the pioneers of that section and his birthplace was the veritable log cabin, common to the backwoods of the period. Settlements were sparse and facilities for education meager. his opportunity was limited to the primitive log-cabin school, and in .that only until he was fourteen years old. He prosecuted studies in the common branches, however; for three years after that time while he was engaged as clerk in a village store. He was too ambitious to continue permanently as merchant's clerk and his aspirations were to become a lawyer. In 1836 he began the study of law in the office of Honorable W. R. Sapp at Millersburg, Holmes county, at the same time continuing his literary study until he acquired a liberal English education. He was admitted to the Bar May 25, 1840, and was immediately received into a partnership by Major Sapp, his preceptor, remaining with him in practice for six years. He served part of a term as clerk of the Court of Common Pleas of Holmes county. In 1840 he was editor of a Whig paper at Mijlersburg and supported the candidacy of General Harrison for President. In 1848 he was nominated as the Whig candidate for Congress and made a vigorous canvass, but was defeated only because of the preponderance of Democrats in the district. He declined a second nomination for Congress in 1850. Resigning his clerkship in 1851, he resumed the practice of law in partnership with Thomas Armour, whose sister, Miss Maria Armour, he had married in March, 1841. In 1851, at the first election held under the second Constitution of the State, he was elected judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the Sixth District, composed of the counties of Coshocton, Licking, Holmes, Delaware, Morrow, Richland, Ashland and Wayne, and served the full term of five years. He was defeated for re-election in 1856 by the large Democratic majority in Holmes, Coshocton and Wayne counties, which composed his sub-district. In 1857 he settled at Wooster and formed a partnership with Judge Levi Cox, who had preceded him on the Common Pleas Bench: For the last forty years he has been a citizen of Wooster and a leader in the highest and best sense. During much of that period he has held public office of a judicial or political character and has honored every -office he was called upon to fill. In 1857 he was elected lieutenant governor on the Republican ticket with Governor Samuel P. Chase, and declined a renomination for the same office two years later. As president of the Senate he was dignified, courteous, firm and impartial. In May, 1861, he

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was appointed judge advocate of the Second Brigade Ohio Volunteer Militia by Governor Dennison and mustered into the service of the United States April 15th with the rank of major, on the staff of General J. D. Cox. On the 10th of August, 1861, he was commissioned aid-de-camp to Governor William Dennison, with the rank of colonel, and served as acting judge advocate general and paymaster general until the close of the governor's term, occupying a confidential relation with the governor. In May, 1862, under an appointment by Governor Tod, he took command of the Emma Duncan and made a trip to Pittsburg Landing with several physicians to bring home sick and wounded soldiers; was in front at the evacuation of Corinth. In 1862 he was appointed by Governor Tod assistant adjutant general and superintendent of the draft in Ohio, of which he had the management so long as the order existed. He was again nominated for Congress in 1862, by the Republicans of the fourteenth district, comprising the counties of Holmes, Wayne, Ashland, Medina and Lorain, but was defeated by only thirty-six votes. The election came at a time when many thousand Republicans were enlisting or engaged in the service in the field, and his own duties in connection with the draft prevented his making the canvass which doubtless would have resulted in election. Two years later he was elected as the Republican candidate in the same district by a majority of twenty-five hundred ; was re-elected in 1866 and again in 1868, serving for six years. During the three terms he was a member of the committee on the District of Columbia, and other important committee service was on the Private Land Claims and the committee of Retrenchment and Reform, both of which he served as chairman. He was the real author of the first act of Congress providing for the parking of the streets in Washington, which has contributed so much to the comfort and beauty of that magnificent city, and made it the most beautiful city in the world. He was influential in the business of reconstruction, which occupied the attention of Congress during the whole period of his service, and actively participated in the legislation adopted, having made one of the earliest speeches on that subject in committee of the whole. In 1873 Judge Welker was appointed by President Grant to succeed Honorable Charles T. Sherman as judge of the United States Court for the Northern District of Ohio, and discharged the duties of that office until June, 1889, retiring with honor under the constitutional provision on account of age. Judge Welker not only presided over the District Court, but occupied the bench of the Circuit Court much of the time in the absence of the circuit judge, and sat with him when present. His large experience in business and political affairs, his ripe judgment, his clear discernment, his pure character and his upright life commended him to the Bar, and enabled him to render special service to the profession and the litigants who came under his jurisdiction. He is in the best sense a self-made man, and his career has been remarkable not less for the numerous positions he has filled and his advancements either by appointment or popular election, than for the fidelity and ability with which he has performed the duties of every office. His education is none the less thorough because self-acquired,

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and his scholarship was recognized by Wooster University in conferring upon him the honorary degree of LL. D. He was professor of political science and constitutional and international law in that university. As a plain, unvarnished fact it may be asserted that he is a statesman whose work in Congress was Permanent and valuable ; a lawyer and jurist who. has fairly gained a high position and always held the highest respect of his professional brethren. He has taken interest in the affairs of his county and town by active connection with important enterprises, serving as president of the Wooster National Bank and the County Fair Association. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. The little city in which he has so long resided is proud of her first citizen. He owns a beautiful farm near the city which has been brought to a fine state of cultivation, and which is beautiful for situation. It has been his aim for several years to make a model farm. In 1892 he published a very entertaining volume of about one hundred pages, entitled " Farm Life Sixty Years Ago." The volume is not only read with 'interest by the present generation, but is found to be instructive, containing much excellent advice to the farmer of the present day. One object of the work appears to have been to picture the farm life so attractively as to induce young men to remain in the country and cultivate the soil. A second edition of this volume was published in 1895 by the Western Reserve Historical Society at Cleveland, In an address before the State Bar Association July 17, 1895, Judge Welker argued strongly in favor of his profession, and established the importance of the lawyer in organized society. A single extract is sufficient to show the drift and strength of his argument.

"I know it is often said that lawyers are not needed ; that they are useless as well as expensive members of our body politic. This is a great mistake. As our laws now stand, with their necessarily wide range, their intricacies, their diversified subjects, covering the great improvements of the day, in the arts, in commerce, and the progress of the age in every department of business, embodied as they are in thousands of volumes of books, reports of courts and statutes, it takes the life work of an exclusive class of men, specially trained for that purpose, to understand and administer them in our courts, so that right and justice may be meted out in litigation. There always will be controversies among the people. Men will not understand or view things alike. Disputes will grow up as to the rights of person and of property, and whose settlement is of great consequence in every community. These must be set. tied by the lawyers, or as a last resort, the courts. This is most frequently accomplished by lawyers, without law-suits. Grave questions of professional ethics are often presented to the lawyer as to his duty to the court and that demanded by his client. The official duty of his office, as an attorney, is to aid the court and the jury in the correct administration of the law. It is not his duty to misrepresent and thereby prevent its proper application. It is right and proper that fair, legitimate arguments be presented, bearing upon the side of his client, and that they be put in their strongest and most prominent form. Whether his client is right or wrong, he is not to be the judge—that question is determined by the tribunal trying the cause. It is questioned whether it is the duty of the attorney to undertake his client's cause when he must know he is wrong. The answer to this is, how does he know it until he hears the evidence on both sides as developed on the trial ? Then in all trials

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there are usually two sides ; each party is entitled to a fair hearing ; and to insure that, both sides must be presented. In criminal cases the law presumes the defendant to be innocent until proven guilty, and the attorney has no right to presume the guilt of his client, but is bound to employ his utmost ability and skill in the defense. It is sometimes thought that the great field of the lawyer is in the court room, before judges and jury, with an admiring crowd around him, where he contends for the right of his client. This no doubt appeals to his ambition and love of applause, and is exceedingly gratifying to his desire for excitement and controversy, and affords him an opportunity to use his logic, eloquence and wit. But his greatest work is in the silence of his office. There he works out the arguments and hunts up the authorities that win his client's cause. There he comprehends and elaborates the principles applicable to his case, that overthrow in the public contests all opposition."

The judge was married January 16, 1896, to Miss Flora Uhl, of Cleveland, his first wife having died a few years before. He resides in his beautiful homestead on Beall avenue, surrounded with trees, shrubbery and flowers, on grounds containing some two acres, where he occupies his leisure in reading and keeping up with the times in public and general progress of the day, and in writing articles for magazines, newspapers, etc. In this way he is trying to close up peacefully and quietly an active and busy life.

J. WARREN KEIFER, Springfield. General Keifer is a native of Clark county, Ohio. He was born January 30, 1836, on a farm about six miles from Springfield. His father, Joseph Keifer, was a native of Washington county, Maryland, a civil engineer by education and a farmer by occupation. His mother, Mary Smith, was a native of Hamilton county, Ohio. His education was obtained in the public schools of the county, supplemented by a course in Antioch College, at Yellow Springs, under the presidency of Horace Mann. Choosing the law for a profession, he entered the office of Charles Anthony, Springfield, as a student, in 1856, and two years later was admitted to the Bar. He began practice at Springfield in 1858. Possessing fine natural abilities as an orator, and being an indefatigable worker, he had laid the foundation for a fine practice when the firing on Sumter caused the Nation to take up arms. J. Warren Keifer was among the first to offer his services. He entered the contest with the zeal of a patriot and the vigor of forceful manhood. He took an active part in organizing the Third Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and when it was mustered into the service, April 27, 1861, he was commissioned as major of the regiment. The first enlistment was for three months, but the regiment saw no active service before it re-enlisted for three years. Major Keifer was among those who re-enlisted. His regiment was joined to McClellan's army, and its first seasoning under fire was at Rich Mountain. In the winter of 1862 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel of his regiment, and again in September was promoted to the colonelcy and placed in command of the One Hundred and Tenth Ohio Infantry. He was slightly

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wounded at the battle of Winchester, while commanding a brigade in General Milroy's Corps. His judgment did not coincide with the dilatory tactics of General Hooker, but he was too good a soldier to complain. He did write friends in Springfield just what would happen should Lee start north. After the disastrous affair at Winchester, he was with his command at Maryland Heights, and when Milroy's command was ordered to join General Meade, General Keifer was ordered to dismantle the works and take the guns to Washington. He missed Gettysburg, but was thereafter attached to the army of the Potomac. He was severely wounded in the battle of the Wilderness by a rifle ball passing through his arm, shattering both bones but returned to his command in August, carrying his arm in a sling. He was with Sheridan. In the battle of Opequon, Virginia, September 19th, while in command of a brigade in the Third Division, Sixth Corps, he was again struck by a fragment of shell, but not disabled. During the battle of Cedar Creek, which resulted in the rout of Early's army, General Keifer was in command of the Third Division, Sixth Army Corps, and led the successful charge on the Confederate center that decided the battle. For gallant conduct in that battle he was brevetted brigadier general. He commanded the Third Division in the final charge on the intrenchments at Petersburg, which resulted in the capture of the town. His command was with Sheridan in his masterly pursuit of Lee, and he won his final promotion at the battle of Sailor Creek, for a piece of strategic work and a brilliant charge, which captured the flower of the Confederate army. He was promoted to the rank of major general and ordered to join Sherman in North Carolina, but happily his services were not needed, as the Confederate army surrendered before his arrival. He was mustered out of the service in June, 1865. On the recommendation of Generals Grant and Meade he was appointed lieutenant colonel in the regular army, but he declined to accept the commission. Fighting for the preservation of his country was one thing, and routine duty in the regular army quite another. He returned to Springfield and took up the threads of his business that were so suddenly dropped in 1861. For the next few years he devoted himself entirely to his law practice. He took a deep interest in the welfare of disabled soldiers and the relicts of those who lost their lives in the service. He was the department commander of the Grand Army of the Republic and in that capacity organized the board of control of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home at Xenia, in 1868, which two years later passed into the control of the State. He represented his district in the State Senate during the years 1868 and 1869. Though General Keifer had won distinguished honors, he was still a young man and was just beginning at this time to make a strong impression on the Bar and courts of his county. During the next decade his reputation as a lawyer and advocate became firmly established, and he was recognized as one of the leading lawyers of the State. In 1876 he was elected to represent the Eighth Ohio District in the Forty-Fifth Congress, and was re-elected to the Forty-Sixth, Forty-Seventh and Forty-Eighth Congresses. When Blaine entered the Senate his mantle as leader of the Republican minority on the floor of the House fell on General Keifer's

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shoulders, and when in the Forty-seventh Congress the Republicans had a majority he was nominated and elected speaker of the House. He discharged the trying duties incident to controlling one of the most turbulent deliberative bodies on earth, to the satisfaction of fair-minded men on both sides of the House. He succeeded Honorable Samuel J. Randall, the able and fearless leader from Pennsylvania, and was himself succeeded as speaker in the Forty-eighth Congress by another Democrat of equal prominence, Honorable John G. Carlisle, of Kentucky. General Keifer was nominated by his party's caucus, then in the minority, and received the complimentary party vote as an endorsement of his course in the speaker's chair. As a debater he had few superiors on the floor of the House. Early in his congressional career he took rank as an active worker in committee and as one of the leaders of his party. During the eight years he represented his constituents of the Eighth District in Congress, he served on important committees and was so thoroughly identified with all the legislation of that body that even a brief synopsis of his work as a national legislator is not possible in this sketch. At the close of the Forty-eighth Congress General Keifer retired from official life in order to give his attention to his private business and his law practice. Being a Republican, an active man, and a strong campaign speaker, he has been at the call of his party, taking an ,active part in every State and Presidential campaign for the past thirty years. Though he has been very prominent in political affairs, he has kept singularly clear of contentions within the party and thus escaped factional malice. The preferment that came to him he accepted from a sense of duty and was never pressing his own claims for a nomination or taking any active part in disbursing party spoils. He has a large law practice and finds his time fully occupied in looking after that and his extensive personal business. He has the esteem of his professional brethren, the respect of the American people, and the admiration of his neighbors of all shades of political belief. His manners have always been marked by extreme courtesy and they are just as polished to the humble caller as to the titled or the wealthy citizen. He was married to Miss Eliza Stout, of Clark county, March 22, 1860. They have three sons living. J. Warren Keifer, Jr., is conducting a large stock ranch in Kansas. William W. and Horace C. are both attorneys at the Springfield Bar and junior members of the law firm of which their father is the head.

CHARLES C. SHEARER, Xenia. Honorable Charles Clinton Shearer is judge of the Second Judicial Circuit and Chief Justice of the Circuit of Ohio. He is a native of the State, having been born at Xenia, October 8, 1840. He is of German-Irish extraction. His father, John Shearer, who descended from German ancestors, was a cabinet maker and furniture maker in Xenia. The ancestors of his mother were Irish. He received a practical and academic education in the public schools and the classical academy at Xenia, but was not permitted to enjoy the advantages of a course in college. After leaving

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school he was employed for some time as book-keeper by different firms and corporations, until the war of the Rebellion opened. He tendered his services to the government as a volunteer in 1861, but was rejected by the medical examiners. In deciding to enter the profession of law he was influenced in some degree by his own inclination and largely by the advice of friends who recognized his natural fitness, for the profession. For a term of four years he sedulously pursued the preliminary studies, and was admitted to practice in May, 1866. After four years alone he formed a partnership with Honorable John Little, under the firm name and style of Little & Shearer. This association for business was maintained seventeen years, during which the firm acquired a very large practice and a reputation scarcely second to any in that section of the State. Judge Shearer had treasured valuable stores of learning by reading and study before he began the study of law. His mental powers were sufficiently matured to analyze and utilize his acquirements. He had been a careful reader of books and a close observer of the proceedings of courts, and was able, therefore, to become a recognized power at the Bar of his county very soon. His resolute determination not to abandon the profession for political office, or even allow his allegiance to be divided or distracted by political and partisan interests, contributed largely to his professional success and standing. He devoted the best powers of his intellect and all of his acquired abilities to the profession. He respected the jealousy of his mistress—the law—and never gave occasion for the manifestation of it by flirting with other pursuits. Entertaining strong convictions on vital questions of political economy, and exercising the right of individual judgment in determining his political relations, he has been a member of the Republican party and a supporter of its politics; .but he has not turned aside from the professional course to ask partisan favors or seek political office. He has not been a candidate for any office apart from the administration of the law. In 1872 he was elected prosecuting attorney and re-elected in 1874, holding the position two terms and discharging its trying duties with incorruptible fidelity. In 1886 he was elected judge of the Circuit Court as the candidate of the Republican party, and before the close of his first term he was re-elected, in 1892, for a second, which will expire with the present century. His work on the Bench has been entirely creditable and honorable to himself. It has been eminently satisfactory to members of the Bar and the public. In September, 1896, he was elected Chief Justice of the Circuit Court of Ohio, and took the office January 1, 1897. His career is briefly characterized by able members of the profession who know him intimately: Judge Shearer has a very high reputation, both as a citizen and a jurist. He belongs to that class who raise themselves by their own efforts, by virtue of their own abilities and perseverance. He did not have the valuable aid of influential friends in getting a start ; neither did he have the advantage of a collegiate education, and yet he is a well educated man. He is one of those who consider the education never completed ; who realize that however much has been learned there is still more that may be learned by intelligent

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application. He is and has been from his youth a close student, bo of text-books and general literature. Soon after beginning the practice made a reputation as a strong lawyer. During the years of his association with Mr. Little he attended to most of the office and chancery practice of the firm ; although from this circumstance it must not be inferred that he was not a successful trial lawyer. He is a good all round lawyer, but seems best fitted by nature for the Bench, or chancery practice. 'He is methodical and conservative, has an accurate knowledge of law, an equitable mind, discriminating judgment, is clear and concise in his statements. As a judge his decisions are marked by fairness ; they have not only given satisfaction, but have also stood well the test of the higher courts. He is a man of strong parts and his profession is his pride. He is regarded one of the best informed men on the legal code in the State. His service on the Circuit Bench now covers a period of nearly ten years, the last three of which he has been presiding judge. He is well qualified to fill the highest judicial office in the State. All who know him have unbounded confidence in his integrity and hold him in the highest esteem as a citizen. One of the most prominent and widely known jurists of the State says Judge Shearer is a man of strong intellect, well adapted, both by nature and education, for the judicial ermine. He has a logical and analytical mind, which has been disciplined into a full and accurate knowledge of legal principles and decisions acquired by many years of industrious study and practice, and ten years of efficient service on the Bench of the Circuit Court. His readings have not been confined to the legal code. He is a student of nature as well as of books and a close observer of passing events. This has broadened his mind and increased his capacity for the judicial office. He is full of historical and legal knowledge, and of sufficient courage and conscience not to hesitate in the performance of any duty. Upright and honorable himself, his work on the Bench bears the impress of his impartiality. He has honored his profession by a strict adherence to his duties connected with it. He has not turned aside for the alluring field of politics or other employment. He is a lawyer and a judge from choice and love of the profession. As a lawyer he was successful, as a judge his career has been most honorable. The education which he acquired under preceptors has been supplemented by knowledge gleaned from a wide range of literature and by the wisdom which comes from years of active practice at the Bar and the performance of judicial duties in one of the most important courts of the State. Judge Shearer has n neglected the cultivation of his social faculties. he is a member of the Masonic order, as well as clubs in Dayton and Columbus. He was married in 1872 and has one daughter living, he has a pronounced taste for home life, where he delights to spend his leisure hours with his family.

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RALPH BUCKLAND, deceased. The Bucklands of Sandusky county are of English descent. Their settlement in Ohio dates from the beginning of the present century. For at least two generations prior to that time they resided in New England. The founder of the family in America was a citizen of Hartford in colonial times. Stephen Buckland, of East Hartford, a son of the aforementioned, was a patriot and a brave soldier during the Revolutionary War. He commanded first an independent company of artillery, which afterwards was mustered into the regular service of the Continental Army and stationed for a time at Ticonderoga. Afterwards he was a captain in the Third Regiment of Continental Artillery and served with Gates in his campaign against Burgoyne. He was for a time on command at Fort Arnold,_ at West Point. About the time the war closed he became captain of a privateer, which was captured in April, 1872, by the British brig, Perseverance. From that time until his death the following month he was kept in close confinement with other officers and his crew, in the "Old Jersey," the British Prison Ship, where he died May 7, 1782. His wife was Miss Mary Olmsted, by whom he had six children. The youngest of these was Ralph Buckland, born July 28, 1781. He was married in Massachusetts to Ann E. Kent, who became the mother of his three children. In 1811 Ralph Buckland came to Ohio as a surveyor and land agent, settling in Portage county. The following year he returned to Massachusetts and removed his wife and two infant children to his new home in the West. The entire journey was made in a sleigh, with one horse. One of the children, a daughter, died on the way and was buried at Albany, New York. A. short time after his arrival with his family in Ohio he volunteered and marched, July 4, 1812, with Captain Campbell's company, in which he was second sergeant. The destination was Detroit, then in command of General Hull, who was governor of the territory of Michigan. Before the arrival of the company, which had been subjected to suffering and hardship by the march through the wilderness, without sufficient provisions or camp equipments, General Hull surrendered, not only the garrison at Detroit but also the recruits en route to reinforce him. Mr. Buckland, with his command, was therefore paroled as a prisoner of war at the River Raisin and returned to his home at Ravenna, where he died May 23, 1813. He left two sons, Ralph Pomeroy, the principal subject of this biographical sketch, and Stephen, who carried on the business of druggist at Fremont for nearly forty years.

RALPH POMEROY BUCKLAND was born at Leyden, Massachusetts, January 20, 1812, and within a very few weeks thereafter was brought by his parents to Ravenna, Ohio. As stated above, his father died the following year, and some time afterwards his mother became the wife of Dr. Luther Hanchett. His boyhood was spent at farm work and in the district school, which at that time was exceedingly primitive. Most of the time he was

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engaged at work for an uncle, in Mantua ; for two years he was employed in a woolen factory at Kendall and one year in a store as clerk. At the age of eighteen he attended the academy at Tallmadge, Ohio, in which he took up the study of Latin. His education did not embrace a complete college course, but he spent a year in Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio. He was fond of language and spent considerable time in the study of Latin and French, both at home and in- the South. In the fall of 1831, before attaining the age of twenty, he shipped on a flatboat loaded with a cargo of cheese, at Akron, on the Ohio canal. The voyage was scheduled thence down the Muskingum river to the Ohio, thence to the Mississippi and down that to Natchez. Young Buckland worked his way from Louisville to Natchez as a deck passenger, on the Daniel Boone. Arrived at Natchez, he secured employment in a commercial house, and soon afterwards was placed in charge of some flatboats loaded by his employers for the New Orleans market. Having disposed of his cargo, he remained in New Orleans in charge of a commission house owned by his Natchez employers. He was industrious, economical and prudent, denying himself the luxuries and indulgences which seemed to be essential to many of his companions. He was strictly temperate and strong enough in will to control his appetites, and thus succeeded in forming 'the excellent habits which characterized all of his subsequent life. He employed his time sedulously in business during the hours devoted to work, and with equal diligence employed his hours of leisure in the acquirement of useful information and a review of his academic text-books. His money was saved, and the habit of saving then formed was the foundation of the substantial fortune which he afterwards accumulated. In three years he returned to Ohio to visit his mother, without having at the time any intention of abandoning New Orleans as a place of residence. He decided, however, to remain north and spend a year in Kenyon College. At the end of that time he took up the study of law at Middlebury under the instruction of Gregory Powers, then a prominent lawyer of the place. His preparatory studies were completed in the office of Whittlesey & Newton, at Canfield, and he was admitted to the Bar in the spring of 1837. During the previous winter he was associated with George B. Way, then editor of the Toledo Blade, and became editor pro tem. of that paper himself during the temporary absence of Mr. Way. His location at Lower Sandusky, no,w Fremont., was entirely fortuitous. He started out with fifty dollars in his pocket in search of a desirable location for the practice of law. It was in the days of wild-cat currency, when bank bills fluctuated in value, rarely remaining at par more than forty-eight hours, or passing current a hundred miles from the bank of issue. Arrived at this place, he found his capital valueless, and was obliged to obtain credit for a week's board. Undaunted and determined, he hung out his shingle announcing his readiness for clients: His natural ability and acquirements, supported by his pluck and energy, soon brought business to his office and he slowly began to accumulate the means to pay the few small debts incurred and for the comfortable living of later years. His character

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established his credit, even before he had the means to pay. He was methodical, industrious, devoted to his profession and to his family. In 1846 he formed a partnership with Rutherford B. Hayes, who, thirty years later, was President of the United States, and the partnership continued three years, until the removal of Mr. Hayes to Cincinnati. His later partnerships in the law were with Homer Everett, James H. Fowler, and last with his sons. He had always been a student of politics, and his views were strong and well defined. He was first a Whig and afterwards a Republican, from the time of the organization of the latter party. He served as mayor of his town and filled other positions in the corporation, and was elected to the State Senate in 1855 and again in 1857. In that body he was a working member, whose powers of original thought enabled him to conceive useful legislation, and whose character and courtesy gave him influence with fellow senators. He was the author of a wholesome law for the adoption of infants. Prominent among the traits inherited from his ancestors was the instinct of patriotism. It was quite natural for him to become a soldier when the integrity of the country was menaced. In October, 1861, he was appointed lieutenant colonel with authority to recruit and organize a regiment. Thus commissioned, he organized the Seventy-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, which was mustered into the service with himself as colonel, January 10, 1862. In February he reported with his command to General Sherman at Paducah, Kentucky, was assigned to the Fourth Brigade, First Division, Army of the Tennessee, and placed in command of the brigade. As a soldier he was always alert and ready for duty. He took an early and extremely active part in-the battle of Shiloh, and even those who are most severe in their criticism of the management of that battle admit that there was no surprise as far as General Buckland was concerned. He has written several articles about this battle which are published in one of the annual volumes issued by the society of the Army of the Tennesse of which society he was long a member; and a short sketch prepared at the request of the war department and now on file in Washington, D. C. In that bloody conflict he earned enduring fame as a military hero. An officer who knew him well pronounced him the best soldier of his age in the volunteer service. General Sherman accorded him high praise for bravery and coolness at Shiloh, and for the splendid services which his brigade rendered. His soldiers were not panic-stricken, but when compelled to fall back did it in an orderly manner, contesting every foot of the field during the first days battle, and aided in sweeping the enemy from the field on the second day. The great commander, Grant, recognized Colonel Buckland's skill in a letter to General Sherman, November 10, 1862, in which he says : " I will not be able to send you any general officers, unless possibly one to take command of the forces that will be left at Memphis. Stuart and Buckland will both command brigades, as well as if they had the commissions, which they should and I hope will hold." General Buckland possessed in a high degree the qualities which made a successful commander. He was not only brave, but calm in the midst of danger, able under all circumstances to take in a situation and make

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use of the best means to meet an emergency. He was composed, resolute and tactful. His administrative abilities were fully exemplified as commander of the district of Memphis, a position in which he was placed by General Sherman. While serving in the field, he was elected to Congress in the fall of 1864, but remained at his post until the sixth of January following, when his resign& tion was tendered. In August, 1866, he was commissioned brevet major general United States volunteers, for meritorious service in the field, the rank to date from May 3, 1865. He deserved the actual rank of major general at the hands of Congress, for he several times commanded a division, notably at Big Black in August, 1863, when, General J. M. Tuttle having obtained leave of absence, by order of General Sherman he assumed command of the Third Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, and remained in command until the first of September following. And during the absence of General S. A. Hurlburt, commanding department, with General Sherman on his Mississippi expedition in February and March, he had command of all the troops in West Tennessee. General Buckland remained in Congress four years during the exciting period of reconstruction and then returned to his home and his long neglected law practice. His son, Horace S., first became associated with him in the firm of Buckland & Buckland, and later his youngest son, George, became a member of the firm. He was a lawyer of ability, taking up the business of a client conscientiously and performing all of his duties with fidelity. He was thorough in preparation, careful in management. During a long career at the Bar in the town where his practice was begun he built up a reputation that is mo valuable and enduring than any property interests, although he was successful in accumulating property. His faith in the future of his town was manifest by the erection of business buildings of a substantial character before othe projected similar improvements. He was a leader in public enterprise and civil life, as he was in the army. Evidences of his enterprise remain after he is gone. He was married at Canfield in 1838 to Miss Charlotte Boughton, who was his companion during his long and useful career, and who still lives. Their children were Ralph Boughton Buckland, who died at Fremont in 1880; An Kent Buckland, wife of Charles M. Dillon ; two sons who died in infancy Caroline Nichols Buckland, who died at Memphis at the age of sixteen; Mar who died at the age of six ; Horace Stephen, attorney at law, now serving as judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; and George, who is also an attorney law in Fremont. General Buckland died at his home in Fremont May 2 1892.

HORACE STEPHEN BUCKLAND, one of the sons of the late Gen Ralph Pomeroy Buckland, was born in Fremont, April 21, 1851. His ed tion was begun in the public schools of his native city, continued in the paratory schools at Gambier, Ohio, and East Hampton, Massachusetts, a which he took a course in Cornell University, and finished by completing

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course in the Law Department of Harvard University at Cambridge. This very full and thorough preliminary study was supplemented by a course of reading in the text-books of law and in practice with his father until August 16, 1875, when he was admitted to the Bar.. Soon afterwards he was admitted to a partnership with his father, and the relationship was continued until the death of the latter. He is a lawyer by inheritance, taste, study and practice. During the twenty years after his admission to the Bar he was engaged in a general practice of the law, and his success was commensurate with his ample preparation. His natural abilities, fortified with an instinct for the principles as well as the intricate problems of the law, combine to give him success as a practitioner; while his judicial temperament, his disposition to investigate a subject until he learns all there is to be known concerning it; his strict impartiality, acuteness of discrimination, and his integrity, complete his qualifications for the Bench. He was nominated in a judicial convention of the Republican party at Sandusky, July 26, 1895, after one of the most exciting contests ever witnessed in the State; occupying two days and requiring 147 ballots. His nomination was unanimous and so universally acceptable that his election in the November following was a triumph unprecedented in the district. The Fourth Judicial district, in which he was elected, comprises the. counties of Erie, Huron, Lucas, Ottawa and Sandusky, every one of which he carried except Ottawa. His majority was nearly eight thousand in the district, the largest ever given to any candidate.. He entered upon his judicial duties as judge of the Court of Common Pleas, May 9, 1896. His record has been satisfactory to the Bar and the public, and his decisions have generally been sustained by the Appellate Courts. Judge Buckland is connected with various enterprises which contribute to the business and prosperity of his city. He was chosen to succeed General R. B. Hayes as a director of the Birchard Library Association. His enterprise is manifested by his support of the Industries and organizations which contribute to the growth and the progress of his city, giving both of his time and means for such purposes. He inherited also a military instinct or taste which has been exercised in the organization and command of local companies, as well as of others national in scope. In 1884 he organized the Buckland Guards, named in honor of Chester A. Buckland, his cousin, who died during the late war from wounds received at the. battle of Shiloh. For seven years Judge Buckland was captain of this company, and during that time it won national reputation. In 1891 he was elected colonel of the First Regiment, S. of V. Guards. In 1893 he was elected commandant of the S. of V. Guards of the United States, with the rank of general, and had under his command several thousand men well drilled, and fully armed and equipped at their own expense. His regiment declined to accept his resignation upon his election as commandant, but gave him indefinite leave of absence. In 1894, as commander of the guards, he held two field encampments, one at Davenport, Iowa, and the other at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in connection with the G. A. R. encampment. He planned the sham battle at the Iowa encampment, which has been pronounced one of the finest in which civilians ever engaged.

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His regiment won high reputation for efficiency and skill in military maneuvers and the manual of arms at the encampments in Washington, D. 0., in Columbus, and Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Judge Buckland is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the Sons of the American Revolution, and the Order of the Loyal Legion. He is a broad man, of generous impulses and large acquaintance. He was married June 10, 1878, to Elizabeth C. Bauman.

GEORGE BUCKLAND, Fremont; The subject of this sketch, who is the youngest son of the late Ralph Pomeroy Buckland and Charlotte Boughton Buckland, was born at Fremont, August 18, 1859. He passed through the public schools of Fremont, and was graduated from the high school. He took the course in the. Law School of Cincinnati College, from which he was graduated with the degree of LL.,B. He studied law in the office of his father and brother, with whom he became associated in partnership after his admission to the Bar, in 1886. He continued to practice as a member of the firm of Buck-land & Buckland until 1892, when he went to Cincinnati and entered into practice there. After the election of his brother, H. S. Buckland, to the Bench the affairs of his father's estate demanded his presence at Fremont as an executor, and he returned to that city and succeeded to the law business which his father had established. He was married November 18, 1891, to Miss Grace, daughter of John C. and Mary Huntington, of Cincinnati, and the marriage has been favored by the birth of a daughter, Mary Huntington Buckland.

SILAS MARION DOUGLASS, Mansfield. The subject of this sketch counts among his many virtues the cardinal one of modesty, or, if modesty be not numbered among the cardinal virtues, it ought to be, since it is so uncommon. Feeling, therefore, a natural hesitation in presenting to the public a laudatory autobiography, he selects as a biographer one who will bring a charity of judgment to the task, that will gloss his shortcomings if, peradventure, there be any. And who so likely to be " to his virtues very kind, and to his faults a little blind," as his wife ? She is not handicapped by the proprieties of the situation, and, while she will " naught extenuate," the reader may be sure that she will " set down naught in malice." Silas Marion Douglass was born on a farm in Richland county, Ohio, on New Year's Day, 1853. His racial characteristics may be said to be rather composite, since his father w a Scotch-Irishman and his mothor German-French. His grandfather, Samuel Douglass, , removed from Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, to Ohio, in 1829, and obtained a grant of land by patent. His father, John J. Douglass inherited the farm, and Marion and Augustus Douglass have become, in th turn, the owners of the land. Born and raised on the farm, which had belong to his grandfather, Marion grew up a tppical country boy, a true child of

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soil, tow-headed and freckled, bare of feet and stubbed of toe, checked as to his shirt and patched as to his trousers. He remained on the. farm until he was twenty-one, attending a country school, and later an academy in Ashland county. Finally, against the wish of his father, who, though he did not undervalue educational advantages, and was fairly well educated himself, wished his son to remain on the farm, he went to Wittenberg College, in Springfield, and afterward to Heidelberg, in Tiffin, from which institution he was graduated in 1879. While at Heidelberg he was elected by the faculty of the college to represent that institution at the State Oratorical Contest held at Westerville, Ohio, in 1878. Of his struggles to obtain the means for an education it is needless to speak at length. It suffices to say that he taught school and kept up with his classes, was a tutor while in college, put in crops at home, and finally obtained his degree. He then read law with Judge May, of Mansfield, and in 1882 he entered the Senior year of the Cincinnati Law School, from which he was graduated with honor in June of 1883. He was chosen as one of the orators out of a class of seventy-nine to debate the question: " Should Trial by Jury be Abolished ?" at the commencement exercises of the Cincinnati Law School. In July, 1883, he opened an office in Mansfield, his first partner being the city solicitor, John A. Connolly, and began the practice of his profession. It is said that to call forth all the latent energy of a man and make success a foregone conclusion, it is only necessary that he should saddle himself with a wife, a baby and a debt. Being a brave youth, and having the debt already, he hurried to provide himself with the remaining conditions of success, namely, a wife, and later on, a baby. On the 10th of October, 1883, Mr. Douglass married the writer of this sketch, whose maiden name was May Weagley. She is the eldest daughter of Captain William Hilary and Eleanora Weagley, of Bellville, Ohio. To Judge and Mrs. Douglass were born four children. On the 12th of September, 1884, a son appeared upon the scene, who was named Stephen Augustus Douglass. Following closely on his heels, a year and a half later, came a baby girl, born March 27, 1886, who was named for her maternal grandmother Eleanor May Douglass. After an interval of eight years, another little daughter came on the 29th of April, 1894, to gladden the hearts of her parents. She was a dear little blue-eyed, sunny-haired girl, but she fell a victim to that dread disease diphtheria on the 17th of March, 1897. She was named Marian - Hilary, and when a new little brother came on the 12^th of June, 1896, who was named Marion Drexel, and she was thereafter called by her second name, Hilary, she always insisted in an injured way that " baby brother tooked her name." Modesty is a characteristic of this Douglass family, and while the writer feels that she ought to efface herself as far as possible, she yet cannot but remind herself of the saying that " if any man blow not his own trumpet that man's trumpet will not be blown" ; therefore, in justice to herself, she would like to say that she thinks Mr. Douglass did not do badly for himself in marrying her. As wife and mother she has looked faithfully after buttons and strings, manners and morals, grub

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and grammar. She does not model herself upon the perfect woman whose portrait appears in Proverbs, inasmuch as she is not given to arising while it is yet dark; in other respects she does not compare unfavorably with the above-mentioned perfect personage. If Mr. Douglass holds an adverse opinion, he has never yet demurred to her claim. Possessing the dogged perseverance of his Scotch ancestry, the stolid indifference to the " slings and arrows of outrageous fortune " of his German progenitors, and a certain lightness of heart, coupled with a sanguine temperament, which was no bad inheritance from his Irish and French forbears, Mr. Douglass waited cheerfully for the business which he felt was sure to come. A favorite saying of his was that " everything comes to him who waits," and the event proved its truth. Business grew steadily and prosperity followed in its train. He was appointed mayor of Mansfield and served six months. Then he was elected city solicitor and served two terms. This closed his official career for a number of years, but in November, 1896, he was elected to the Circuit Bench of the Fifth Judicial Circuit of Ohio. This circuit is composed of the following counties, viz.: Richland, Ashland, Wayne, Stark, Tuscarawas, Muskingum, Perry, Morgan, Coshocton, Holmes, Licking, Knox, Delaware, Fairfield and Morrow. Mr. Douglass may be regarded as something of a " joiner," as the following rather formidable list of initials will show: He is a member of the Alpha Gamma Chapter, Beta Theta Pi ; a member of Monroe Lodge No. 224, I. 0. 0. F. ; also a member of Madison Lodge No. 56, K. of P.; and he is an Elk, a member of Mansfield Lodge No. 56, B. P. 0. E. He prides himself on being a Democrat of the Jacksonian school. To a Republican wife it seems rather a thing to keep in the background, and to be mentioned with some degree of shamefacedness,—still, there is no accounting for masculine idiosyncrasies, and I suppose that I dare not suppress the fact, much as I should like to. There is a degree of excuse for him, too, inasmuch as a " tiger may not change his spots nor an Ethiop his skin" when they are born that way. He has most pronounced political convictions. He believes and has advocated, by speech and pen, the supremacy of the Nation, the autonomy of the States, local self-government, a tariff for revenue only, and bimetallism, or the free and unlimited coinage of both gold and silver as basic or primary money. It is a saying of his that " a man inherits his politics but marries his religion," and this is why he is a brother-in-law to the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Douglass's literary tastes cannot be said to be exactly catholic, since he cares little for poetry, and less for fiction. His good, old United-Presbyterian father brought his boy up to eschew "novels" as he would evil and, like George II., saw no good in " bainting and boetry" himself and did little to recommend either to his son. He urged instructive things upon him and, while a small boy of seven or eight, Marion committed to memory the " Shorter Catechism and, as a natural result of having to wrestle at that tender age with "Foreordi nation" and " Effectual Calling," he has a boy of his own who, having attain the ripe age of thirteen years, is still in ignorance of " the chief end of man. When the " Shorter Catechism" came trippingly from his tongue, he began

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commit Watts's hymns. These, he thinks, destroyed in him any incipient love of poetry which might have been secreted in his system, for the mere sight of lines which rhyme turns him faint. Such has been the effect upon him, of parental disregard for the graces of literature. When his stern parent turned his attention to the Scriptures and said : " My son, you will now begin to learn the Gospels,' he began them with spirit, foreseeing an end sometime. When they were finished, he was told that he would now begin " Acts," and saw, in the not far distant future, the prospect looming up of having to commit the whole Bible, so he issued then and there a " Declaration of Independence." He would learn no more verses then or ever. He had no access to children's literature. He read " Fox's Book of Martyrs" and " Baxter's Saints' Rest," and Josephus' and Dick's Works, and other dreary literature of that sort ; and, if these were thought to be " too strong meat for babes," there were subscription books of the sort that find their way into rural districts, " Mother, Home and Heaven," "The Presbyterian Church throughout the World" and "Good Health and How to Take Care of It." Nothing cheerful ever fell in his way except the jokes in the almanac, which, doubtless, is the reason that a certain boy I wot of has shelves in the library which hold Robinson Crusoe, Swiss Family Robinson, Don Quixote, Gulliver's Travels, Lang's and Andersen's Fairy Books, Tom Brown at Oxford and Rugby, Kipling's Jungle Books and other books galore in which the heart of a boy delights. As a natural result of such training, Mr. Douglass is fond of history, of biography, of essays and treaties of divers sorts, and cares nothing at all for the last new novel. He is . fond of sports. He enjoys a ball game and a horse race. He is fond of a tramp in the woods, but the squirrels are safe. He is not in the least like the Englishman who says, " This is a fine morning,—let us go out and kill something." He will sit on the banks of a stream with a book and bait hooks uncomplainingly all day for wife and children, provided he is not asked to hold a rod. He is an enthusiastic gardener, and trees and shrubs of his planting must perforce grow, whether they want to or not, and he hangs over his beds of early vegetables with the enraptured gaze of a lover. Since he has become one of the three owls who walk into the court room once a week to give a guess at the legal conundrums of the day, his garden rather suffers. He loves his friends and, though he wouldn't acknowledge it, his enemies too, for it is a lament of his, now and then, when treated unfairly, that he cannot remember and revenge an injury. Life, he says, is too short to harbor bitterness towards one's fellow men. If, as somebody has said, "genius is an infinite capacity for taking pains," then his genius is of a high order, for he is careful and painstaking to the last degree. He is likewise a student, a clear, logical thinker, a man of action with vast capabilities for work. Personally, he is a gentleman--well-bred, courteous, dignified and of fine presence; a good husband and the best father in the world to three interesting children—two boys end a girl. In brief, " his life is gentle, and the elements so mix in him that ature may stand up and say to all the world, This is a man.'"

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LEWIS BRUCKER, Mansfield. Judge Lewis Brucker, the subject of this sketch, was born in a log house on the banks of the Cass river near the village of Bridgeport, Saginaw county,

Michigan, October 30, 1855. His parents were born in the city of Vienna, Austria. Ferdinand, the father, an architect by profession, was married to Margaretta Zeichmeister in Vienna in 1847, and emigrated to this country at the close of the rebellion in 1848. He first located at Detroit, afterwards at Canton, Michigan, but finally settled on a farm in Saginaw county in the same State, where he remained until 1877 engaged in the lumbering business in connection with farming. Ile then removed with his family to Shelby, Ohio, where he engaged in the retail lumber business. He died in 1889. The family consisted of eight children, ,four daughters and as many sons. Lewis Brucker -was the third son. The family being-large and the country new, he became acquainted with the hardships incident to pioneer life. While quite small he worked on the farm and attended such school as the county afforded. The first years of his life were those of the ordinary farmers' boys around him ; he shared the labors of the farm and mill according to his years and grew up much like farmers' boys the country over, with this material difference—he had no idle moments. The time that could be snatched from the labors of the farm, and the long winter evenings, was diligently devoted to study, and he thus laid the foundation of that knowledge which enabled him at an early period in life to become a successful business man, an able lawyer, and an honored judge. His mind, improved and expanded by study, soon reached beyond the limits of the farm and mill. In 1875 his father purchased a lumber yard at Shelby, Ohio, where . he and an elder brother were sent to oversee and manage the same. But Lewis became homesick, it being his first experience away from home, and he did not remain, but returned to Bridgeport. In the winters of 1876 and 1877 he was foreman of a force of men in the lumber woods, and in the summer superintended a shingle mill at Blackmar, Michigan. But not being satisfied with this life aid ambitious to acquire more education, he kept up his studies at home whenever an opportunity was afforded. He attended business college at Saginaw during the winter of 1878-79, sawing shingles for Phinney & LaDue during the following summer, and entered the Law Department of the University of Michigan in October, 1879. He pursued the study of law closely for two years, defraying his expenses with money earned by working in the mills, and was graduated in the spring of 1881. He did not immediately enter upon the practice of his profession, but spent two years with his father in the lumber business at Shelby, Ohio, and three years selling lumber on the road, as a traveling salesman for Curtis & Brainard, of Toledo, Ohio. In March, 1886, he took up the practice of law in the office of W. S. Kerr, at Mansfield. When he first entered the practice he of course had little business, and this gave him ample time to prepare himself for the practice that is always sure to come to the earnest, energetic and industrious lawyer. After being in the practice for about four years he had acquired a substantial and growing clientage. In the spring of 1890, after a spirited Contest, he was nominated by the Demo-

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cratic party as its candidate for probate judge, and the following fall was elected by a large majority, running four hundred. ahead of his ticket. In 1893 he was renominated and elected for a second term without any opposition. In 1884 he was united in marriage to Mary J. Cummins, of Shelby, Ohio. They are the parents of two children—a daughter, Angeline Cummins Brucker, and a son, David Ferdinand Brucker. In February, 1897, at the expiration of his term as probate judge, he opened a law office in Mansfield with D. W. Cummins, under the firm name of Brucker & Cummins, where he is now engaged .in the practice of his profession. His deep convictions, dauntless courage, and unyielding persistence are among the sources of his power. Probably his strongest characteristic is indomitable persistence. An eminent judge says that he possesses much more than ordinary native ability. He has very strong determination, is exceedingly positive and decided in his character. He is an excellent organizer in political affairs, and is absolutely honest in all his doings. As a lawyer he is untiring in acquiring every fact of a case, either pertaining to the law or the evidence. He is careful and painstaking and is an excellent all round lawyer. He served on the Democratic State executive committee in 1894-5 and was chairman of the Democratic county central committee at the same time. He has been on the executive committee most of the time for the past ten years. He never aspired to any office excepting that of probate judge, which be filled so satisfactorily. This office in Richland county is of unusual importance on account of its more extended jurisdiction in comparison with other counties. It includes foreclosure of mortgages, partition, divorce and alimony. Judge Brucker is a Knight Templar. an Elk, a Knight of Pythias, and also belongs to the Knights of Honor. He takes deep interest in the various orders. For the support of churches he is a liberal contributor, but does not confine himself to any one sect or creed. He is a good financier, was one of the original incorporators of the Bank of Mansfield, and has been on the board of directors since its organization. He is strong in solving technical, involved and complicated legal problems, particularly in corporation law.

HIRAM CLARK GLENN, Van Wert. H. C. Glenn was born on a farm near New Philadelphia, Tuscarawas county, Ohio, October 8, 1838. He is of Welsh and Irish extraction. His father, William Glenn, was a native of Ohio, born in Jefferson county, 1807. His grandfather, Thomas Glenn, was a native of Ireland who emigrated to America in boyhood and served as major in the War of 1812. His mother, Priscilla Biddison, has a Puritan Christian name and Welsh ancestry. She was born in Ohio county, Virginia, in 1810. Phillip B. Glenn, the only and elder brother of Hiram, was orderly sergeant of Company K, 46th Regiment Ohio Volunteers, and was the first member of his regiment killed in the battle of Pittsburg Landing on April 6, 1862. His two sisters are dead. The family of our subject moved to Van Wert early in the year 1839, when he was only four months old. The entire country in that section

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of the State was at the time a wilderness. He worked on a farm and attended the country schools not to exceed two years in the aggregate. And this was the limitation of his attendance at schools of any kind. In order to be self-supporting he learned the trade of house painter, at which he worked for a period of seven years. At the age of twenty-four he began the study of law in the office of J. H. Kroh, which was continued under the instruction of Judge 0. W. Rose. During the period of his student life in the law offices he supported himself by the business of pension agent. For about a year beginning in 1864 he was the owner and publisher of the Van Wert Bulletin. He was admitted to the Bar in 1867 and the same year was elected justice of the peace. The practice of his profession as such, with a view to making it his only business, was begun in 1870 and continued alone for about nine years. In 1879 he formed a partnership with Senator G. M. Saltzgaber, which was continued for ten years. His legal business is general in character, embracing all of the routine which belongs to the practice of a country lawyer. It covers cases of every grade, whether litigated or ex parte tried in the Common Pleas or Circuit Courts, or of sufficient importance to be taken to the Supreme Court on error. It may fairly be said that his undivided attention has been given to the law since he first entered upon the practice, although he has been active in advancing the interests of the Republican party. He has acted from conviction and given considerable attention to politics from the time his first vote was cast, only three days after attaining his majority. He has never failed to vote at any election since that time. For several years he was chairman of the county committee. In 1870 he was elected mayor of Van Wert and served one term. In 1884 he was the candidate of his party for Congress in the district, which was strongly Democratic, and came out of the contest a thousand votes ahead of his ticket. In 1892 he was appointed judge of. the Court of Common Pleas for the Third Judicial District of Ohio by Governor McKinley, to fill a vacancy in that Court. Judge Glenn was married in 1865 to Georgiana C. Baughman, of Plymouth, Richland county, Ohio, whose family came to the State from Pennsylvania. He has no living children, but an adopted daughter for whom he has the same affection as a natural parent. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and a prominent Odd Fellow, having filled all the offices in the Grand Lodge except that of Grand Master. He is chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Odd Fellows' Home at Springfield. In 1879 he assisted in the organization of the Van Wert Gas Light Company, of which he has been president continuously. He was also one of the organizers of the Van Wert Telephone Company in 1894 and elected president of the company, which position he still holds. Some idea of the character and standing of Judge Glenn in the profession may be obtained from the opinions of other members of the Bar. One prominent attorney says: " He is a good lawyer and always quick to take advantage of anything which may favor his side of a case. All concede that he is a successful attorney and a good counselor; that he gives a great deal of care to the preparation of his cases, is a ready speaker and successful advocate, as he is usually able to make the jury accept his view

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of the case. During his association with Mr. Saltzgaber the firm had the largest business of any in this section and Judge Glenn now has a good practice, which increases year by year. He is classed by the Bar as one of the leading lawyers of the county. He has a beautiful home and is very domestic in his tastes." Another lawyer says : " Judge Glenn stands high as an attorney and a citizen. he has a large and growing practice and is one of .our most influential townsmen, progressive and public-spirited. He owns a considerable amount of property, all of which he has acquired himself. He is firm in his convictions and never backs down when he believes he is right. He is affable and courteous, and liberal in his contributions to charity." His wife is president of the City Relief Society and a leader in all benevolent or charitable work. She was one of the organizers of the Van Wert Library Association, which is in a most flourishing condition. Mrs. Glenn is a physician, being a graduate of the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania, where she took a two years course, after having spent one year in the medical department of the University of Michigan. Her course of study and lectures were supplemented by six months' practice in the Women's Hospital in Philadelphia. After her graduation in 1874, she had a most successful practice of ten years, at the end of which time she retired from practice, and has since devoted her time to the public and charitable enterprises of the village.

LABAN S. SHERMAN, Ashtabula. Honorable L. S. Sherman was born in

Berkshire county, Massachusetts, April 7, 1814. His father, John Sherman, was a farmer. The Shermans were originally English and among the early emigrants from the mother country to New England. His mother's maiden name was Sylvia Smith and she died when Laban was about two years of age. The father married again and removed to Ohio. Mr. Sherman remained with his grandmother, uncle and aunt until he was ten years of age, when they removed to Manchester; Ontario county, near Clinton, New York. Up to this time he had been in the district schools. He then entered the Academy at Canandaigua, New York, where he was prepared for college. He entered Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1834, and remained through the Junior year. Leaving college in 1837, he came to Ashtabula and entered the office of Marvin Sawtell and began the study of law. He remained in this office for a year and a half, when he entered the Cincinnati Law College, receiving his degree of Bachelor of Laws in the spring of 1839, and later Western Reserve College conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. Returning to Ashtabula, he at once commenced the practice of law alone. In 1842 he formed a copartnership with Charles Booth, under the firm name of Sherman Booth. This firm was dissolved three years later. He then practiced alone until Mason King, who had been a student in his office, was admitted to practice, when the firm of Sherman & King was organized. This partnership continued until the death of Mr. King, in 1857. Shortly afterwards he formed

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a copartnership with J. Q. Farmer, which lasted until 1864, at which time Mr. Farmer removed to Michigan, where he afterwards became a judge. Honorable E. H. Fitch then became his partner, continuing as such until 18F 7, when Theodore Hall (who had previously been a student in the office of Sherman & Farmer) entered into a copartnership with him which continued until 1875. In the fall of 1876 Mr. Sherman was elected judge of the Court of Common Pleas, taking his seat in February, 1877. 'He was 'twice re-elected, serving continuously fifteen years. He retired from the Bench in 1892 and at once formed a copartnership with A. P. Laughlin, the firm being Sherman & Laughlin, and this association has since continued. Judge Sherman is an accomplished lawyer and an able jurist. For thirty years he was the recognized leader of the Ashtabula county Bar. His reputation as an advocate was by no means confined to his county or State and his services have been much sought in the trial of important cases. He has been called to conduct cases in Pennsylvania, New York, Indiana, Illinois and Iowa. He possesses all the natural qualities of mind that are necessary in a great lawyer. His perception is keen and his mental movement quick. He has always been a close student and his love of labor, coupled with his natural ability, made of him one of the ablest advocates and jurists of his time. He conducts the trial of a cause with skill ; his arguments to the court are strong, clear and forcible; and to the jury his persuasive style of oratory carries with it great weight. Long ago he became noted as an orator. His promulgation of his party's principles being clear and powerful, his services in that line were, in his earlier days, much sought for. Judge Sherman has lived a life of the most exemplary character and has as large a circle of friends and admirers as any man who ever lived in Ashtabula county. He was originally a Democrat and with Rufus P. Ranney made a number of political speeches for Van Buren. In 1847 he went over to the Free-soil party, and with Joshua R. Giddings attended the convention in Buffalo that nominated Martin Van Buren for President. He has been identified with the Republican party since its birth. In 1840 he was elected prosecuting attorney and served one term. his competitor in the race was Sutliff, a partner of Joshua R. Giddings. In 1852 he was elected a member of the legislature, serving two terms in the Ohio Senate. In 1841 he married Mary Eliza Jenks, of Saybrook, Ashtabula county, and by this union eight children were born, of whom four are dead : a daughter who died at the age of five, and three sons who grew to manhood and were promising lawyers at the time of their death. Of the living, Frank is now engaged in the lumber business in Arkansas ; Laban has been engaged in farming and merchandising ; Mary is the wife of Proteus Kepler ; and Zillah, unmarried, resides with her father.

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THOMAS CORWIN, Lebanon. It is difficult to condense within the limits of a thousand words a satisfactory biographical sketch of a man whose biography properly written should fill a large volume. Thomas Corwin was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, July 29, 1794, and died in Washington, December 18, 1865. At the age of four years he was brought to the Territory of Ohio by his parents, who settled in the wilds, of Warren county, and later in the town of Lebanon, where his father, Matthias Corwin, served as a judge. In boyhood he attended school in the log school house, for the few months he could be spared from work, and never had the opportunity of attending a higher school. His education was not obtained from the study of text-books. under instruction, but from association and contact with the world, and by reading books of biography and history and science, by the firelight, after his "school days" were over. His technical knowledge was very limited, but his education was very broad, and his learning great. He won notoriety while yet a boy by driving a wagon loaded with army supplies to.the headquarters of General Harrison during the War of 1812. At the time of performing this needful service he little dreamed that his fame as " the wagon boy" would make him governor of Ohio, representative in Congress and senator of the United States. It would be rash to claim so much for it now, but there can be no doubt the circumstance contributed largely to the personal popularity which made him an idol of the people. At twenty-one he began the study of law, to which he applied himself with all the earnestness of a very ardent nature, so that he was qualified for admission to the Bar the next year. In 1818 he was appointed prosecuting attorney for Warren county, and held the office twelve years. In 1822, and again in 1829, he was elected representative in the legislature of the State. In 1830 he was elected to Congress, and continued his membership in that body, by successive elections, for ten years. Before his first election to Congress he had established himself in the law and built up a remunerative practice; but when once upon the sea of politics, for which he was most admirably constituted, he could scarcely be content with a law practice, even if the people had permitted him to remain in private life. His campaign for governor, in 1840, on the Whig ticket, was one of the most memorable ever made in the State by any man. He ,was then in the very prime and vigor of middle life, heartily in sympathy with his party and with General Harrison, its candidate for President. Thoroughly conversant with the issues of the campaign, he presented them with matchless eloquence. He was master of all the arts of the trained orator and withal was natural and unaffected in manner as a child. His speech fairly sparkled with wit and humor. He was equally master of pathos and ridicule, panegyric and philippic, employing them as occasion demanded with consummate tact and irresistible power. Mr. Corwin was not re-elected governor, but in 1845 was elected to the United States Senate, in which he served one term. His great speech in opposition to the bill appropriating funds for the prosecution of the war with Mexico chilled the popular enthusiasm for him as a leader, and he was allowed to remain in private life, practicing law at Lebanon and Cincin-

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nati, until 1858, when he was again elected to Congress. President Fill had appointed him secretary of the treasury, however, at the close of his term as senator, and he served to the end of the administration, March 4,1853. He supported Mr. Lincoln on the stump very effectively in 1860, and among the early appointments made by President Lincoln was that of Mr. Corwin as minister to Mexico. He remained in Mexico four years, and upon his return settled in Washington for the practice of law. He was stricken suddenly with fatal illness, while surrounded by a party of Ohio friends, and died in three days. Mr. Corwin was a good lawyer and a great advocate ; but his mind was not eminently judicial, nor did he possess remarkable talent for the purely technical construction of the law. He was too broad, too generous, too noble to find pleasure in the nice legal distinctions which measure so much of the professional ability of many practitioners. His understanding of principles was profound ; his memory was accurate and retentive. He read much, notably of history and biography. His knowledge of the sacred Scriptures was marvelous, and his reverence for piety, truth and goodness was sincere. He was a large man every way—in stature, breadth and depth of chest, a massive head set firmly on his powerful shoulders, with a short neck. His complexion was swarthy, his eyes brilliant, and his facial expression most wonderful. His power as an actor was superb in its naturalness, and in no other aspect was it so remarkable as in the capacity of the face to express all the emotions with which the human mind or heart is familiar. His humor followed his pathos so closely as to instantly change grief into mirth, and illume with a smile the countenance which he had clouded with sorrow by his last sentence. As Colonel Parsons says :

" I have seen a vast multitude of men and women before him with faces actually bathed in tears, suddenly breaking into the most boisterous, convulsive laughter, so that tears were actually arrested half-way down the cheeks, where they glistened like dew drops of the morning on the countenances of the ' weepers, in doubt whether to dry up in the sunlight of comedy, or proceed upon the sorrowing mission on which they were originally sent to travel. As a mere orator Mr. Corwin excelled any man it has been my fortune to hear. So full of wit, humor, pathos, learning, history, imagery ; a manner so charming and magnetic as to be fascinating beyond description, and a face so variable and wonderful in its power of expressing emotions that no man could look upon it without yielding at once to its bewitching influence. In private life, at the social board, he was the center and idol of the circle. and when in Congress in the latter years of his life, he was always surrounded by members who loved and honored him, and were delighted to listen to his charming conversation."

HENRY C. NOBLE, Columbus. Henry C. Noble died at his home Columbus, December 12, 1890.

The Franklin County Bar Association held meeting and adopted a memorial reported by a committee of leading membe of the association. The memorial, which it is understood was prepared b Honorable Richard A. Harrison, is so complete and so admirably adapted

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a biographical sketch for the " Bench and Bar of Ohio," that it is copied herein: " Mr. Noble was a native of the city of Lancaster, Fairfield county, Ohio. He was born February 28, 1826. His parents were Colonel John Noble and Catherine (McDill) Noble. His father and grandfather, originally of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, emigrated to Lancaster, Ohio, in 1811, from Hagerstown, Maryland, his father then being in the twenty-second year of his age. In March, 1832, his father and family removed to Columbus, where they resided until 1840, when they removed to Cincinnati. In 1845 they returned to Columbus, and again to Cincinnati in 1846.. After residing there until 1850 they finally settled permanently in Columbus. Colonel John Noble was one of the enterprising early settlers of Ohio; was a soldier of the War of 1812, and was, for many years, one of the best known and most useful citizens of the State. He was universally respected and esteemed for his high character, his public spirit,and his friendly, generous and charitable disposition. He died in 1871. Under the operation of the powerful law of heredity these personal qualities and characteristics of the father were fully developed and strikingly exemplified in the life and character of the son. Henry attended private schools in Lancaster and Columbus. Upon the removal of the family to Cincinnati, in 1840, he attended The Cincinnati College,' and there had the benefit of more generous instruction than could be had in Lancaster or Columbus. Professor 0. M. Mitchell, the eminent astronomer, and afterwards a distinguished general in the war of the Rebellion, was his instructor in mathematics, for whom Henry formed a warm attachment, and to whom he attributed no little influence in the formation of his character. In 1841 Henry became a clerk in a dry goods store in Columbus, in order to acquire a knowledge of practical business methods. At the end of the year he returned to The Cincinnati College,' where he was a student until the spring of 1843. Upon leaving there he entered Miami University, and graduated in 1845. He shortly afterwards commenced the study of the law in the office of Edwards Pierrepont and Thomas Sparrow, in Columbus. After reading with them for a few months he entered the office of Henry Stanbery (who became shortly before the first attorney general of the State) and completed his law studies with him. Mr. Noble was called to the Bar on the 14th of December, 1848. and at once entered upon the practice of the law in the State courts, and also in the Circuit and District courts of the United States for the District of Ohio, which were then held at Columbus. He had his desk in the office of Mr. Stanbery until the latter removed from Columbus to Cincinnati in the year 1853. Mr. Noble's association with Mr. Stanbery during these eight years was of inestimable value to the former. In some respects Mr. Stanbery was the most accomplished lawyer at any Bar in any country, and no better fortune could have befallen Henry C. Noble than to have such a lawyer to direct and shape, during the formative period of his character, the course of his egal life. Mr. Noble commenced the practice of the law when the Bars of Columbus and Lancaster and other towns in the State were composed of lawyers who have never been surpassed and seldom equalled. There was then at