HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1425 was born in Hanover, Germany, on the' 17th of April, 1836, and who came to the United States in 1854, her marriage to Mr. Danner-burg having been solemnized July 27, 1857. Both continued to reside on their homestead farm in Defiance County until their death, he having passed to eternal rest on the 8th of February, 1903, and she having died January 30, 1912 ; both were devoted members of the Lutheran Church and he was a democrat in his political proclivities. The only child of the first marriage of Mehring is Richard A., who is now junior member of the firm of Mehring & Son. He was afforded the advantages of the public schools of Napoleon and in 1911 was graduated in the International Business College, in the City of Fort Wayne. He has. been since that time his father's effective coadjutor in the conducting of the extensive brick and tile business. He is still a bachelor. By his second marriage the subject of this sketch has one son, Otto, who availed himself of the advantages of the public schools and also of those of the celebrated International Correspondence School at Scranton, Pennsylvania. He is now associated actively with his father's business and is one of the vigorous young men of Henry County • commercial and industrial life. He wedded Miss Anna Zenz and they have one child, Delbert, who was born March 12, 1911. John A. Mehring is essentially liberal and progressive as a, citizen and takes lively interest in all things pertaining to the welfare of his community.. In .1916 he is serving his second term as a member of the city council of Napoleon, and his political support is given to the 'democratic party. He is a director of the Napoleon State Bank and is known and honored as one of the representative business men and influential citizens of Henry County. He and his wife and their sons are enrolled as active members of the Lutheran Church at Napoleon. CYRUS LLEWELLYN CASTERLINE. The City of Findlay has long been proud of the achievements and the complicated part Cyrus L. Casterline played in business affairs. For all his success, wealth and influence he was at one time no better known than . an ordinary country boy. His birth occurred in Angelica, Allegany County, New York, April 8, 1851, and the first twenty-five years of his life were spent on a farm. He had only a country school education. When he left the farm he was attracted into the oil district of Western Pennsylvania and for one year worked as a teamster at Bradford. For ten years he was engaged in the manufacture of nitro-glycerine and the exceedingly hazardous occupation of shooting oil wells in Pennsylvania, and was known as a moonlighter. He had the grit, the hard working ability which made it almost inevitable that he would rise from the circumstances of an employe to an independent business man. Mr. Casterline came to Findlay 'in 1890. Here with C. S. Corthell he established a nitro-glycerine company, and became its superintendent and overseer. That was a successful business, but he disposed of this industry and established the Bradford Oil Company, which developed into a very successful business. In addition to that Mr. Casterline has developed and extended his various interests until they now cover an exceedingly broad field. It would be impossible to mention all his varied 'relationships with business. A few of them are as follows : Vice president of the American National Bank of Findlay ; vice president Buckeye Traction Ditcher Company ; vice president The Electric Construction Company ; secretary and treasurer Belmont Oil Company ; secretary, treasurer and manager Genesee Oil Company ; treasurer Independent Torpedo Company, which has branches at Findlay, Robinson, Illinois, Independence, Kansas ; Tulsa, Oklahoma, and is the largest manufacturer of nitro-glycerine in the country ; treasurer Goldie Oil and Gas Company of Oklahoma. In addition he owns at the, present time sixty producing oil wells, and has four fine farms aggregating 550 acres; each one improved with fine buildings and operated to the limit of productiveness and efficiency. These farms are all in the vicinity of Findlay, and he gives his personal attention to the management of all except one. Mr. Casterline's French and English ancestors came to America in 1690, and some of them subsequently helped to win American independence for the colonies; Mr. Caster-line is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason and a member of the Elks, is a republican, a member and director of the Findlay Country Club, and a chairman of the Finance and a member of the Executive Committee of the Findlay Y. M. C. A. He is also interested in the Findlay Associated Charities. A man of large wealth, unmarried and therefore 1426 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO without a family of his own, Mr. Casterline has been a liberal giver and a co-operative factor with every movement for the good and advancement of his community and fellow citizens. Those who are acquainted with his generosity say that he has given liberally to all worthy objects. He has served on the executive committee of the Ohio Commission for the Relief of European War Sufferers, as chairman of the finance committee for the Belgian Relief Commission for Hancock County, Ohio, and 'took an active part in securing the carload of new clothing which was sent to the afflicted Belgians. Mr. Casterline owns a beautiful home in the country district near Findlay. REV. GEORGE GUNNELL has been rector of Trinity Episcopal Church in Toledo since 1909. This is one of the largest and wealthiest Episcopal congregations in Northwest Ohio and Rev. Mr. Gunnell's position is one of corresponding heavy responsibilities and importance. For all its established position as one of the oldest strongholds of this denomination in Northwest Ohio, Doctor Gunnell has during his service as rector brought about a notable advance in church activities, in a strengthening of its financial resources and increased power to its activities. The membership since he became rector has increased more than 400, and in financial status Trinity Church has an almost unique distinction in being completely out of debt. In fact its property represents a value of over half a million dollars. During his rectorship he has presented 585 people for confirmation, and the Sunday school has increased in membership from 225 to 800. Among parish activities has been the creation of the Business Woman's Guild, which provides for luncheon facilities and rest rooms for 250 girls each day. The measure of good accomplished by this movement is not confined entirely to what the people of the guild accomplish, since several of the, larger stores in Toledo have copied the plan and introduced lunch rooms for their working girls. Born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, May 18, 1868, Rev. George Gunnell is a son of the late George and Sophia (Cowling) Gunnell. His father was a successful real estate dealer for many years at Beaver, Pennsylvania. George Gunnell, Sr., was born in Rumford, Essex County, England, while his wife was a native of Allegheny City, Pennsylvania. In the family were three sons : Rev. George; Louis, deceased ; and Harry. Preparatory to his chosen work in life, Rev. George Gunnell received liberal educational advantages. He attended the public schools in Beaver, Pennsylvania, and the Hobart College at Geneva, New York, where he was. graduated A. B. in 1891. He then entered the senior class of Harvard University where he was given his A. B. degree by that institution with the class of 1892. In 1894 his alma mater Hobart College conferred upon him the degree Master of Arts. His studies preparatory to the priesthood were pursued in the General Theological Seminary, where he graduated, and on June 9, 1895, was ordained a deacon by Bishop Whitehead in St. Thomas Church at New York. His first work was as a missionary to the. Church of Holy Innocents at Leechburg, Pennsylvania. He remained there until July 1, 1896, and on the 9th of June in the same year was ordained to the priesthood in St. John's Church in Franklin, Pennsylvania. This ceremony .was also performed by Bishop Whitehead. Mr. Gunnell was assistant pastor of Calvary Church at Pittsburg from August 1, 1896, to November 1, 1897. He then became rector of the Church of the Ephiphany at Bellevue, a suburb of Pittsburg. On March 1, 1903, he was called to one of the largest churches of Philadelphia, St. Andrew' Church, and remained its pastor for six years Since April 4, 1909, he has been rector o Trinity Episcopal Church at Toledo. His assistant pastor is Rev. Edwin W. Todd. Old Trinity Church in Toledo is situated in the heart of the business district, just as the still older Trinity Church of New York City. The large and handsome structure of stone, exemplifying the best lines of ecclesiastical architecture, was erected in 1863. It stands at the corner of St. Clair and Adams streets.' In the fifty years since it was built many improvements have been added from time to time, and the church has one of the finest pipe organs to be found in the city. To his work Rev. Mr. Gunnell has brought the highest enthusiasm, and is also y a man of great breadth of mind and of unselfish devotion to the cause. He considers no effort too great to be made in behalf of any individual member of his parish, however humble his station. For several years he served on the standing committee of the diocese of Ohio and was HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1427 one of the deputies to the general convention of the Episcopal Church in New York City om 1913. He has been a member of the Board of Missions since taking charge of Trinity Church at Toledo. He is a member of Bellevue Lodge No. 530, Gree and Accepted Masons of Bellevue, Pennsylvania, Fort Meigs Chapter No. 29, Royal Arcj Masons, of Toledo, and all the Scottish Rite bodies of Toledo, including the thirty-second degree. He also belongs to the Toledo Country Club and the Toledo Commerce Club. On September 12, 1900, he married Miss Caroline Hogg Sibbett, daughter of Richard and Sarah (Hogg) Sibbett of Brownsville, Pennsylvania. To their marriage were born three children : George Trevor who was born at Bellevue, Pennsylvania, and died at the age of four months ; Mary Brunot, who was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; and Caroline Sibbett, born at Toledo. The daughters are now attending Miss Smead's School in Toledo. GEORGE W. WOODWARD. An important distinction attaches to George W. Woodward of Richfield Township in Lucas County. This is his ability as a crop grower. It is doubfult if any other farmer in the county succeeds in getting larger and better yields per acre from his land than Mr. Woodward. He has fine farm, all improved, known as Evendale, and has the satisfaction of knowing that much of the clearing and work of improvement was done by his own hands. His home is 1 ½ miles southeast of Berkey. He is of English birth and ancestry, and was born in Warwickshire, England, November 18, 1867, a son of George and Sarah Ellen (Aldington) Woodward, both of whom were natives of the same shire. In 1873, when George Woodward was about five years of age, his mother died. A few years later, when George was nine years of age, his father left England on April 19, 1877, and came to America. The boy remained behind in England and soon afterward left school and started to work out his own destiny. On coming to this county George Woodward, Sr., bought eighty acres in section 16 of Richfield Township, Lucas County. He bought this land from Peter Waterbury, who had acquired it direct from the State of Ohio. This is the land that George W. Woodward now owns and occupies. In 1882, at the age of fourteen, George W. Woodward left England, and made the entire journey to Ohio alone. When he arrived he found his father engaged in the work of clearing the land in Richfield Township. There was no barn on the place at the time and the son spent all the following winter hard at work in the woods, and went without overshoes or cap and without sufficient clothing to keep him warm. However: there was so much work to do that he experienced no special hardship from this lack of .clothing, and his energies even at that age made him a very capable assistant. Much of the farm was still in the woods, since its former owner had done very little clearing. Since then Mr. Woodward has made a special study of farming, and through his own labors and those of his father this work continued until the latter's death in 1898; practically every acre is under cultivation and the improvements constitute this one of the model farms of the county. Where at one time they felt satisfied to get ten bushels of wheat per acre, Mr. Woodward now gets an average yield of thirty-five bushels, and he produced forty-seven bushels per acre for the year 1915. He has similar results with other crops. His corn land has produced 150 baskets of corn to the acre and he is not satisfied with sixty bushels of oats and about fifty bushels of barley to the acre. Evendale also regularly produces large crops of alfalfa. Any one who knows farming and the growing of crops realizes that this yield is much above the general average. Besides the growing of extensive crops Mr. Woodward also engages in dairying and raising pure-bred Berkshire swine. Mr. Woodward married Alice Brimacombe, daughter of Thomas Brimacombe, who was of English and Canadian ancestry. Mr. and Mrs. Woodward have three children : Arthur, who is farming in Sylvania Township married Clara Fink of Ottawa Lake, Michigan, and is the father of three children ; Ethel, wife of Hugh Riches, a farmer at Wauseon, who has one child Lorene, and Joyce, who married Ford Sanderson, and they are now farming in Richfield Township. Mr. Woodward always takes an active interest in affairs affecting his home community. He is now serving as trustee of Richfield Township, was township clerk seven years and a member of the board of education four years. He is a republican and is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Protected Home Circle. 1428 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO R. CLINT COLE. While he has not lived an extraordinary term of years, R. Clint Cole has earned some distinctions that give a man special prestige in American life. He is to begin with an able lawyer. He also has powers that make him a formidable debater and is a well known orator. In republican politics both in national and state campaigns he has figured largely, and has also been heard from the public platform on various subjects which he adorns with his originality of thought and diction. Some of the topics of his discourses have been politics, religion, patriotism, philosophy, education, etc. He is of Scotch-Irish stock. He was born on a farm in Big Lick Township of Hancock County, Ohio, in 1872. His father was a substantial farmer of Hancock County. Owing to this early environment he grew up in the country, attended the district schools, spent a year in Findlay College, and on getting a certificate started out to teach, a vocation he followed in the country schools for eight years. In the meantime he was studying law and employing his opportunities for learning men and many other subjects that cannot be dealt with in books. In 1898 he entered the Ohio Northern University, where he spent a year, and in 1900 passed a successful examination for the bar. In 1901 Mr. Cole took up practice for himself at Findlay, and after several years joined his brothers Ralph and J. J. Cole under the name Cole, Cole & Cole. He is now in active practice with his brother Ralph Cole and with Elijah T. Dunn, under the firm name of Dunn & Cole. This firm does a large general practice, and is one of the ablest aggregations of legal talent in Hancock County. His brother, Ralph D. Cole, has long been a man of recognized prominence in republican circles in Ohio. He was head of the Republican Speakers' Bureau in the Hughes campaign with temporary headquarters in New York City. Mr. Cole served as city solicitor of Findlay from 1912 to 1916, for two terms, and was not a candidate at the last election. He is a member of the First Methodist Episcopal Church and is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. CARL F. BRAUN. In 1862 arrived in Toledo a young German, named Carl F. Braun, whose chief capital consisted of a sturdy heart, a willing spirit, and an unconquerable ambition. Not long afterward he became a hardware clerk, and in a few years was in business for himself. When he died at his Toledo home June 25, 1908, there was. probably no better known figure in business circles in the city. A man of remarkable business sagacity, with a wonderfully systematic mind and a great quickness of perception, his promotion to increasing responsibilities had been rapid, so that for years he was a controlling force and directing head of several large business affairs. He was born at Gudensburg, Germany August 16, 1843. He received a technical education in Germany, graduating from a polytechnic school at Cassel. At the age of nineteen in 1862 he came to the United States, found his way to Toledo, and in 1866 entered the hardware house of Roff & Company as a clerk. He was alert, energetic, quick to grasp business opportunities, and strictly faithful to the discharge of his duties. Though salary was small, he managed to save a greater part of it, having constantly in view a business career for himself. In 1868 he was taken in as a member of the firm of Roff & Company. In the years immediately following the Civil war Toledo had a great and rapid growth affecting not only the hardware business but other lines as well. Thus Roff & Company prospered and expanded its business from year to year, and in 1876 a new concern was organized to take over the old house of Roff Company. The organizers of the Bostwick Braun Company were Carl F. Braun, George A. Braun, a cousin, and Oscar A. Bostwick This new company opened a store at the foot of Monroe Street on a part of the ground now occupied by the mammoth establishment of Bostwick-Braun Company, which today is one of the largest hardware houses in Northwestern Ohio or the Middle West. For a number of years the company also occupied quarters at the corner of St. Clair and Monroe streets. The late Carl F. Braun continued an active participant in the management of this business until 1904. In his time he was recognized as one of the business giants of the city, and along with great capacity for work possessed high ideals and unblemished reputation tion. The Bostwick-Braun Company's establishment of modern times really stands as a monument to his industry. It was not the only concern which benefitted by his energy and judgment. He was a director and at one time vice president of The Home Savings Bank and director of The HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1429 Citizens Deposit and Trust Company. In 1881 he bought the old Swan Creek Railroad. This had been projected in 1876, but the promoters encountered much trouble in securing a right of way. Mr. Braun succeeded where others failed, not only in this undertaking but in other matters to which he applied his attention. He reorganized the company, was elected president, and he soon was gratified by having the road extended from the intersection of Bismark and Hamilton streets to the tracks of the old Toledo, Cincinnati and St. Louis, now the Clover Leaf, thus saving considerable time and labor in operating in and out of the city. On May 22, 1879, Mr. Braun married Miss Elise Lenk. Mrs. Braun is still living and resides on Scottwood Avenue. There were three sons, Walter M., Arthur P. and Carl W. Of these the only one living is Walter M., who is a member of the firm of Stacy & Braun, dealers in municipal and railroad bonds, with offices on the second floor of the Second National Bank Building. The son Arthur was a mining engineer in Mexico and died suddenly May 17, 1910. The son Carl died at Toledo in June, 1912, at the age of twenty-six. The late Carl F. Braun was by nature well fitted for a business career, and was of that type of business leader who carries other enterprises and the interests of many individuals along with him in his success. He gave a tremendous energy to every undertaking, as well as splendid loyalty and enthusiasm and could he counted upon for co-operation in any movement which promised benefit to the community at large. THOMAS J. GREENAWAY, now living retired at Sylvania, has during his active career of about forty years been closely identified with farming as a vocation in Lucas County. Besides doing what was required of him as a public spirited citizen and besides rearing and providing well for a family, he has made his efforts count toward a sufficiency for himself, and is now living on the fruits of his well spent years. He was born January 17, 1858, a son of Thomas and Harriet (Taylor) Greenaway. His father was born at Cornwall, England, and his mother in Devonshire, and from Devonshire they took ship in 1852 and came to America, settling in Sylvania Township of Lucas County about four miles west of Sylvania on their farm. In that locality Thomas Vol. III- 7 J. Greenaway was born, and a number of years later he inherited the old homestead and still owns it. Thomas Greenaway, Sr., was about twenty-five years of age when he came to the United States. For a short time he worked west of Toledo, and then bought the land in Sylvania Township which he developed as a farm and where he resided until his death in 1899. His widow passed away at the old home in 1912. During the years of his minority Thomas J. Greenaway lived at home attending the country schools, and assisting as his strength permitted in the farm duties. He then worked at the old home place for a year, afterwards rented the farm for another year, and the following year was spent at employment in Toledo. His next move was to buy a farm of his own, where he remained three years, and he then went to the farm owned by his wife 's mother -and conducted it until the death of his own father, Thomas Greenaway. He then took charge of the old home place, and conducted it as a first class farm for more than fifteen years. In 1916 he retired to a home in Sylvania and now rents his farm. On February 18, 1879, Mr. Greenaway married Elizabeth Ironside, a daughter of John and Amelia (Watson) Ironside. Both her parents were born and reared in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, came before their marriage to Canada, where they lived about six months, and were married in Buffalo, New York. From there they came to Lucas County and settled at Holland in 1856. Mrs. Greena way's father was a renter for several years and died in this county in 1864. Her mother then moved to Richfield Township, where she lived until her death in 1896. Mr. and Mrs. Greenaway have three children. Bessie is the wife of Charles Sanderson, a farmer in Sylvania Township, and their five children are named Elnah, Dale, Melvin, Myron and Georgiette. Roscoe lives at Spingfield, Ohio, where he is employed by the D. T. & I. R. R. Company, and by his marriage to Nora Brown has two children named Paul and Pauline. Glenn, the youngest child, is connected with the Overland Automobile Company of Toledo and married Nellie Keenan. So far as politics is concerned Mr. Greenaway is independent though usually favoring the republican candidates on national issues. He has served as school director. For thirteen years he was township agent for the Lucas County Farmers Mutual Insurance Company. 1430 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO He is a member of the Masonic Order and attends the Methodist Church. JOHN M. MILLS, D. D. Though now practically retired from the work which engaged his attention for so many years and with such benefit to himself and humanity, Dr: Mills still has many interests to occupy his mind and is one of the prominent men of Lima. He is not only a man of attainments himself, but represents a family that have furnished several generations of useful men and women to the world. Doctor Mills was born in Hocking County, Ohio, November 5, 1850, a son of Robert and Rachel (Geiger) Mills. His grandfather, Andrew Mills, was a native of Scotland and came with his parents to the United States about 1796 and soon afterward settled in Ohio. He was one of the first settlers in Fairfield County. As a contractor he helped to construct the old Ohio and Erie canals. Andrew Mills married Mary Register Mills Irwin, who attained the venerable age of ninety years. Doctor Mills' maternal grandfather was Martin Geiger, who was born in Pennsylvania, and moved to Ohio in early 'days, following the life of a farmer in Hocking County until his death. He married Matilda McClaren, a native of Scotland, who lived to be ninety-eight years of age, her death occurring near Tama City, Iowa, in 1870. Both the parents of Doctor Mills were born in Ohio. His father was born in Fairfield County in 1817, and his mother in Hocking County in. 1826. They were married at Somerset, Ohio, in 1844, the ceremony being performed by James Mills, an uncle of Robert Mills. Robert Mills in an early day was associated with his father who was a contractor, but subsequently became a farmer in Hocking County, afterward moving to Fairfield, where he was living when the Civil war broke out.. He enlisted on President Lincoln's first call for volunteers, but was soon returned home on account of disability. He died October 27, 1872, and his widow survived until December 15, 1902. Mrs. Mills in early life was an active member of the Baptist Church, but in later years she with her husband became members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Robert Mills was a democrat, a man of fair education and very courteous, kind and generous. He and his wife were the parents of twelve children, and the six now living are : Dr. J. M. Mills ; Andrew Jackson Mills, of Lancaster, Ohio ; Adam Mills, a retired stock dealer at Sugar Grove, Ohio ; Nancy, wife of W. H. Shumaker, a farmer near Bremen, Fairfield County, Ohio ; Charity, wife of William Maier, cement contractor, Newark, Ohio; and Rachel, wife of Abraham Miller, a farmer near Lancaster, Ohio. Dr. J. M. Mills grew up on a farm, attended country schools, and at an early age attended a private school to prepare for college. At the age of sixteen he entered Fairfield College. Before completing the course, owing to the failing health of his father, he turned aside to assist his father, took up teaching and other work to earn his own way and give him further advantages. After a few years he accepted a position with A. J. Johnson & Co. of New York, and traveled and sold books and school supplies for three years. Mr. Mills united with the Methodist Episcopal church at the age of sixteen, but while living in the home of Isaac Rinehart, whose niece he afterwards married, he at Mr. Rine-hart's solicitation transferred his membership to the United Brethren. Church and became the superintendent of the Olive Branch Sunday School near Bremen, Ohio. At the age of twenty-six Mr. Mills had qualified and entered the ministry of the United Brethren Church, but soon transferred to the Methodist Episcopal Church, which he always regarded as his church home. He continued to preach as pastor and presiding elder for thirty years. His first charge was a circuit of nine appointments in Hocking and Vinton counties. He was then pastor of the First United Brethren Church of Circleville, Ohio, for three years was at Marion, Ohio, for two years, when he transferred to the Central Ohio Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church and spent two years at Columbus Grove, Ohio; three years at Delta, and three years at Fremont. While pastor at Fremont he was the officiating minister of the burial of Lucy Webb Hayes, wife of ex-President Hayes, and at the request of the ex-president, he' delivered a memorial address in the church on the following Sabbath evening to perhaps as large an audience as ever assembled in the city on a similar occasion. During his pastorate at Fremont the church and parsonage was destroyed by fire. Doctor Mills with the assistance of ex-president and Mrs. Hayes, raised the funds and built the present fine church and parsonage. His next call was to St. Paul's Church at Defiance, where he remained five years. While there he erected a fine parsonage, which still stands as a comfort to HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1431 ministers and their families, and the pride of Church and City. For three years he was at Bellefontaine, and in the fall of 1898, became the pastor of Trinity at Lima, and in the midst of a very successful pastorate he was appointed presiding elder of Defiance District, and later was transferred to Lima District, over which he exercised his supervision for five years. Resuming the pastorate Doctor Mills served St. John's Church at Toledo for one year, when he took a supernumerary relation for two years' travel. He then settled in his home on West Market Street, Lima, Ohio, retiring from the active ministry, though he has been annually appointed as associate pastor of Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church and preaches occasionally for Trinity and other churches of the city, where he is always welcomed by the people. On November 10, 1870, Doctor Mills married Miss Mary M. Hufford. She was born in Fairfield County, Ohio. She was a woman of great strength of character and always popular in the churches her husband served. She was especially active in the Sunday School and missionary work of the church. She passed to her reward August 7, 1902. Five children were the fruit of their union : William S. Mills, of the City of Chicago; Anetta E., the wife of Kimble Rakestraw, Lima, Ohio: Irene Estelle, wife of Walter H. Jackson, Lima, Ohio ; Marie M., who married Gibson P. Dildine, the grandson of Gen. W. H. Gibson, and they also reside in Lima ; and Charles H. Mills, the youngest son, is a resident of Conushatta, Louisiana. On December 14, 1905, Doctor Mills married Helen J. Innes. She was born at Ellenville, New York, a daughter of Adam Innes. Adam Innes, who died in Pennsylvania, was a tanner, started life as a worker in that trade and rose to a position of conspicuous success, so that for a number of years he was called “The King of Tanners." He became the first president of the First National Bank of Canton, Pennsylvania, and before his death his son, Daniel Innes, succeeded him in that position and is still at the head of the bank. Adam Innes and his wife were both natives of Scotland. Doctor Mills has always taken an active interest in Masonic affairs. He is affiliated with the Free & Accepted Masons Lodge, the Royal Arch Chapter, the Knight Templar Commandery, Shawnee No. 14, Lima, Ohio, the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite Valley of Toledo. He is also a member of the Mystic Shrine. He was a charter member of the Garrett Wycoff Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Lima, Ohio, and has been its chaplain from the time of its institution to the present. Doctor Mills served as Grand Prelate of the Grand Commandery Knights Templars of Ohio for nine years, and that was the second longest consecutive term ever enjoyed by any such official in the history of the Ohio Grand Commandery. In politics Doctor Mills is a republican, but sufficiently independent to support men of any party who represent the principles for which he has contended during his entire public life. Doctor Mills received the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity from the American Temperance University of Tennessee. He was one of the original members of the Ohio Anti-Saloon League, and the only member now living of its first board of trustees. He was one of the organizers of the American Anti-Saloon League at Washington, D. C. in 1895, and is at the present time a member of its board of directors from Ohio. He was for six years a member of the board of trustees of Christ's Hospital of Cincinnati, Ohio, and chairman of the committee at the organization of the Methodist Home for the Aged of Ohio. He is a member of the Methodist Children's Home Association of Ohio, and a member of its board of trustees. He is First Vice President of the Board and member of its executive and finance committees. Doctor Mills has prospered in a business way, owns a beautiful farm just outside the corporation of Lima, and is a stockholder in the old National Bank. He is also the owner of a good home on West Market Street, where he resides, and other Lima properties. Doctor Mills leads a quiet but useful life and is held in very high esteem not only in the City of Lima, where he has long resided, but through the state by reason of his connection with reformatory and philanthropic work. LEANDER SOLOMON BAUMGARDNER. Many interesting memorials of the commercial ability and public spirit of the late Leander Solomon Baumgardner stand in Northwest Ohio. But one that is unusual in many ways is the great wholesale dry goods house at the corner of Jefferson Avenue and St. Clair Street in Toledo, which bears the name L. S. Baumgardner & Company, the same name under which it was established just half a 1432 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO century ago. It is the only firm which throughout half a century of time has endured in Toledo without a change of name, and the policy of its founder is still the directing spirit of those entrusted with its management. His was a lifetime of splendid achievement. He was born in East Union Township of Wayne County, Ohio, February 10, 1832. His death occurred March 3, 1909, at Bradentown, Florida, where he has been in the habit of spending his winters for about nineteen years. His parents were Peter and Catherine (Heller) Baumgardner. His father was born in Baden, Germany, and came to the United States in 1812 at .the age of fourteen. The mother, also of German descent, was a native of Hellertown, Pennsylvania. In 1830 these parents came to Wayne County, Ohio, and were pioneer settlers. When the late L. S. Baumgardner was ten years of age he was bound out to a farmer, following a familiar custom. of that time. One of the provisions of the contract was that the boy should be allowed to attend school during the winter months. Unfortunately that provision was not observed by the master. However, in spite of this the youth improved so wisely his limited opportunities that before reaching his majority he was qualified to teach in the common schools, and that was his occupation for two seasons in the early part of his life. He had, however, a. special genius for practical affairs, and from his twenty-second year, when he left the farm, he was almost continuously identified with some form of commercial endeavor. On leaving the farm he formed a partnership with his older brothers, J. H. and T. P. Baumgardner, and opened a store at Wooster in 1854 for the sale of drugs, stationery, musical instruments, etc. This firm of J. H. Baumgardner & Company was unusually successful and three years later they erected a building of their own called the Arcadome Building, on the top floor of which was a public hall, the first of its kind in Wooster. After occupying the new building the firm began the publication of a newspaper chiefly as a medium for advertising, and Leander S. and his brother J. H. had its editorial management. In 1865, having sold his mercantile interests in Wooster, Mr. Baumgardner moved to a farm he had bought at Cuyahoga Falls in Summit County. A year of experience in rural life satisfied him that he was not adapted to farming, and in 1866 he came to Toledo. In that year he established the house of L. S. Baumgardner & Company, wholesale dry goods, notions, men's furnishings, etc. That firm is still in existence, and one of the largest wholesale establishments in Northwest Ohio. Throughout his long and useful life, wherever he lived, Mr. Baumgardner was deeply interested in every movement for the advancement of the community. While at Wooster he was one of the organizers of the Wooster Library Association. This in time became a splendid and useful institution. He was also one of the leaders in the establishment of the Tri-State Fair Association, was its first president, and though the association began without working capital Mr. Baumgardner displayed such executive ability its management that during the seven ye he was president the receipts of the association amounted to over $260,000 and perm, neat improvements were accumulated vain at at least $60,000, without any incumbrance. An early Toledo institution with whose organization he was actively identified was The Merchants and Manufacturers Exchange which in its time performed the functions a such later organizations as the board of trade in promoting the commercial and industrial prosperity of the city. Mr. Baumgardner was at one time president of The Continental Bank and Trust Company, was a director of The Northern National Bank, was preside of The Freemont Furniture Company, owned a large amount of Toledo real estate. Much, of his real estate comprised resident property, but he also built and still owned a the time of his death the Collingwood Hall By the terms of his will the Hall remains the property of Mrs. Baumgardner until he death, and then passes to the Old Ladi Home of Toledo. Despite his active associations with commercial affairs he was not without considerable interest in and influence in republican politics. In 1879 he was his party's candidate for mayor of Toledo. The entire republican ticket was defeated that year. Mr. Baumgardner received a large number of democratic votes and at the same time lost many supporters in his own party because of his open and courageous opposition to the saloon or liquor element in the city. In 1880 he was considered as a candidate for Congress, but the choice of the convention fell HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1433 upon Hon. James M. Ritchie, whom Mr. Baumgardner actively supported in the following campaign. His public spirit and business ability were splendidly exemplified in connection with The Citizens Electric Light Company. When that concern became seriously involved financially, he was called as president to reorganize its affairs. As a result of his tact and energy he effected a consolidation of the United States, the Brush and the Thompson-Houston companies with a capital stock of $150,000. As president of the new company he soon had it on a paying basis and at the same time gave the people better facilities for lighting than they had ever enjoyed before. On March 11, 1909, the directors of The. Northern National Bank adopted memorial resolutions which paid a just and generous tribute to Mr. Baumgardner's talents and energy as a business man and citizen; and these resolutions are to be found in the permanent minutes of the meeting and as part of the permanent records of the bank. Mr. Baumgardner's remains were brought to Toledo for burial. On the day of his funeral the late David S. Robinson, Jr. (elsewhere referred to), spoke in memoriam of his departed friend as follows: "It pained me greatly to learn of the death of my old friend, Leander S. Baumgardner. We were children, boys and men together, both having been born in Wayne County, Ohio, and there is no person living whom I have known so long and so intimately as him. I do not remember ever having known any person who was so uniformly the same, whether in his social or business life ; he had excesses, no extremes, he was of unusual equipoise. In all his business life he was fair and honorable, and P believe would have preferred to suffer loss himself than make an error whereby anyone should lose through him in any transaction. He has always the interests of the City of Toledo at heart and manifested it in every' way when opportunity presented itself ; and if opportunity did not offer, he would create the opportunity. He was always active in public enterprises and a leader among leaders. It cannot be otherwise than that, he will be greatly missed, not only by his family and his immediate friends, but also by all who knew him in his business and every-day life. He has left too many monuments among us of his perseverance, beneficence and industry, to city, church and state, to summarize them and they cannot be forgotten. As we stand today in the presence of his taking off and in the passing cortege, the whole city acclaims with one accord: 'Thou hast gone from among us for ever ! And I can say, Go sainted friend, farewell, hail and farewell.' " On April 25, 1858, Mr. Baumgardner married Miss Matilda E. Miller, daughter of Mr. and. Mrs. David Miller of Akron, Ohio. Mrs. Baumgardner, who is still living, walked lifes highways with her husband for more than fifty years. REV. ALFRED EDWARD MANNING has for twenty-three years been pastor of St. Rose's Catholic Church at Lima. Here he has labored with the consecrated zeal and devotion that has characterized him during his entire career in his high calling. He has done much to twenty-three years been pastor of St. Rose's further the spiritual and temporal prosperity of his present parish, and, in an unassuming and modest way, he goes about doing good and laboring for the uplifting of his fellow man. Beginning with 1830 the Catholic people of Allen County were visited occasionally by a missionary priest and there is a record concerning the first celebration of mass in Lima at a private residence in 1846. Many Catholic people came to that city during the building of the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railway, and from 1850 to 1855 Lima was attended by priests from Westminster and Tiffin. In 1858 a brick church was constructed on North West Street, and was given the name of St. Rose in honor of America's first canonized saint. This church was constructed by contributions from Catholics and Protestants alike, and two of the first members who were especially generous in their work for the establishment of the church were Nicholas Gunkel and John Goebel. The first resident pastor at St. Rose's was Rev. Edward J. Murphy, appointed October 19, 1861. He remained until 1869, and his successors in the parish have been : Rev. James O'Reilly, who selected the present site of the St. Rose Church ; Rev. A. R. Sidley, who sang the first mass in the new church on New Year's Day, in 1872; Rev. Francis J. Henry, who took charge in 1876 ; Rev. James O'Leary, who came in 1886 ; and Rev. Alfred E. Manning, who came to his work as pastor of St. Rose's parish, November 1, 1893. During the administration of Father Sidley a handsome church was constructed at a cost of $30,000, and improvements were also made in the parish school. The church debt was 1434 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO cleared off during the administration of Father Henry, in 1882. He also built the Sisters' residence. Other improvements were added to the church in 1887 by Father O'Leary, and in 1888 a new schoolhouse was erected. As a result of the great development at Lima after the discovery of oil St. Rose's parish came to include a very populous Catholic community. As a result, in 1891, about $12,000 was spent in enlarging and improving St. Rose's, and in the following year more than $3,000 was expended in installing a fine pipe organ. Rev. Alfred Edward Manning was born September 1, 1856, in St. Patrick's parish at Cleveland, Ohio, a son of Thomas and Jane E. (Murray) Manning. His father left Ireland at the age of fourteen and entered the great machine shops at Glasgow, Scotland, where he was trained to be a skilled engineer, and subsequently was the engineer who handled the engines of one of the first steamers that crossed the Atlantic Ocean. On coming to America he lived for a time at Boston, later at Cleveland, and was a well-known manufacturer in that city. One of a family of thirteen children, Father Manning was educated in the parochial schools of St. John's Cathedral at Cleveland and in St. Mary's Seminary of the West at Cincinnati. He entered the seminary of Our Lady of Angels at Niagara Falls in September, 1874, and on finishing the classical course entered, in September, 1876, St. Mary's Seminary at Cleveland. He was ordained a priest at Cleveland by Rt. Rev. R. Gilmour on July 2, 1881. Five days later he was appointed pastor of St. Mary's Church at Antwerp, Ohio, a pastorate that included attendance at a number of missions. In 1883 he went to St. Mary's at Clyde, leaving behind him a record of splendid constructive accomplishment as a pastor. This work was continued at Clyde, where in two or three years he had paid off a heavy debt, and in 1886 the cornerstone was laid for the church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Clyde. In February, 1890, after having completed the construction of the new church at Clyde, he was called to be pastor of St. Ann at Fremont. Father Manning said his first mass in the church of St. Rose at Lima, November 19, 1893. Here he found a large and prosperous congregation, and applied himself with all characteristic energy to further improvement, and in many beneficent ways has extended the power and influence of this old Catholic community at Lima. During his first five years he served the entire Catholic population of Lima, but the parish was divided in 1910, resulting in the establishment of St. John's Catholic Church and in 1916 the north end was formed into St. Gerard's parish by the Redemptorist Fathers. St. Rose's has a high school to which was built an addition in 1916, at a cost of about $50,000. REV. ROBERT L. HARRIS. Unless a man were moved by the power and spirit of true Christianity he would never be able to accomplish so much in behalf of his church and humanity as Rev. Robert L. Harris has done in his career as clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He is a great constructive worker for righteousness, and nowhere has that work been more manifest than during his rectorship of St. Mark's Church in Toledo. Some of the zeal and other good qualities of his character have doubtless come from his worthy ancestry. His Harris ancestors came originally from England and were colonial settlers in New England. Members of th family fought for American freedom during the War of the Revolution. With the spin of the pioneer strong in them one branch o the family later moved to Canada, settling near Toronto, which was then a wilderness Some of this branch of the family live in Toronto today, and the grandfather of Dodo Harris founded the Massy-Harris Harvester Company at Brantford, Canada. Lansing Harris, a son of the founder and an uncle of Rev. Robert L. Harris, was at the head of this large business for many years which business has now passed into the hands of a younger generation of the family. On the maternal side Doctor Harris is descended from the Shaw family, an old Colonial family which early settled in New York, where many still reside. In the Colonial period several members of this family were killed in the Cherry Valley Massacre. Three escaped from the Indians by night on Indian pones while the guards were asleep. Through his Colonial ancestry Doctor Harris is related to General Herkimer, General Putnam and Captain Shaw, notable figures in Colonial and Revolutionary days. He is also descended from a line of clergymen, as both his grandfather and great-grandfather were clergymen. Reverend Mr. Harris is one of the charter members of the Wyoming Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution. This chapter HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1435 was organized while he was rector of St. Mark's Episcopal Church at Cheyenne, Wyoming- Like his ancestors, Mr. Harris is a great lover of out door life. He has hunted big game in the Rockies and on the western plains, and spends part of every summer in the wilds of Canada. Robert L. Harris was born near Cleveland, Ohio, February 12, 1874, a son of the late E. C. and Susan (Shaw) Harris, both now deceased. His father was actively engaged in the insurance business for many years. Doctor Harris' gifts for public life he inherited from his mother, Susan Shaw Harris. She was a woman of brilliant intellectual gifts and was a pioneer in the suffrage movement, temperance reform, and served on some of the first boards of charities and correction for the amelioration of the condition of prisoners ever appointed in Ohio. Her rare literary ability caused her to write extensively for the press, and her charming personality and keen wit made her sought for as a speaker on woman's work. With all her gifts she was essentially a home maker and first of all a mother. In preparation for his chosen career Doctor Harris was given a liberal education. He graduated valedictorian of his high school and afterwards attended Kenyon Military Academy of Gambier, Ohio, and continued his higher studies in the Episcopal institution founded by Bishop Chase, Kenyon College, where he graduated with degree of Bachelor of Arts in the class of 1896. Later Kenyon College conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts, for his post graduate work in psychology. Doctor Harris was a graduate of Bexley Hall Theological Seminary of the class of 1899. In 1899 he was ordained in the college chapel at Gambier by Bishop William A. Leonard as a deacon, and later was ordained to the priesthood in Trinity Episcopal Church, Toledo, in 1900, by Bishop Leonard. For several months before graduation he was sent, while still a student, to take charge of Calvary Episcopal Church, Toledo. After his ordination he came to Calvary Church as rector, and filled that post two years. A few weeks after his ordination to the priesthood he was called to the rectorship of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Newport, Kentucky, the second largest church of the Lexington Diocese. He remained there 311.2 years, where he built up a large institutional work and founded St. Paul's Industrial School for the poor children of the city. For about 1 ½ years he was Rector of Grace Episcopal Church, Avondale, Cincinnati, a very wealthy and aristocratic parish, where his ability was immediately recognized and he began a successful work that promised much for the future. It was on account of his wife's ill health that Doctor Harris resigned the rectorship of Grace Church and went West. St. Mark's Episcopal Church at Cheyenne, Wyoming, soon after welcomed him as its rector, and from 1906 to 1909 he had charge of St. Mark's, the largest Episcopal Church in Wyoming. Among its members were prominent federal and state officials, including Governor Brooks and Governor Carey, both of whom were active in the parish and close friends of Dr. Harris. Not only as the administrative and spiritual head of his parish but as a leader in every reform movement was Doctor Harris an important figure during his residence in Wyoming. His life there meant much as a factor in the moral uplift of the entire state. He led a movement that resulted in new divorce and temperance legislation, and he was elected leader of the moral forces of the city to conduct a crusade against gambling, as a result of which, the gambling houses of Cheyenne were closed, and the leading gambler of the state as a pledge of good faith and as an object lesson to others burned five thousand dollars' worth of gambling furniture and paraphernalia on the public square. This gambler is today, it should be noted, 'a prominent and respected business man of Wyoming. Doctor Harris has long been a trustee of his alma mater, Kenyon College, having filled such position as trustee from Kentucky and southern Ohio, and in June, 1916, was again elected by the alumni of Kenyon College. Doctor Harris was one of the four deputies elected in Ohio to the general convention of the Episcopal Church held in St. Louis in October, 1916. He was president of the bishop 's council of advice in the new diocese of Wyoming, and while there .was endorsed for bishop of Wyoming. Many personal letters from the most prominent people of Wyoming endorsing and urging his promotion to that high station in the church, were sent to the house of bishops. More recently he was nominated for bishop coadjutor of Ohio, but withdrew his name and nominated another man for that office. From Cheyenne, Wyoming, Doctor Harris came to St. Mark's Episcopal Church, Toledo, and took charge as rector February 21, 1909. While St. Mark's Church is now one of the 1436 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO most prosperous parishes of Toledo, that condition is due to the businesslike administration of Doctor Harris more than to any other individual. Seven years ago St. Mark's Episcopal Church was virtually bankrupt. The congregation had passed through five years of constant struggle against a heavy burden of debt. That struggle continued for some time, but in 1912, after a decisive campaign lasting sixty days there came a triumph and victory such as no member of the church will ever forget. On Easter Day of that year the congregation placed on the altar of God $41,300, and by that act lifted the load of debt that had so long threatened the prosperity and effectiveness, if not the very life, of the. parish. The story of this campaign is an inspiring one. When the church was built in 1904 a number of short time notes were issued to the architect and builder aggregating over $36,000. Interest had been paid regularly to the aggregate of nearly $20,000, but nothing had ever been done to reduce the principal, and it was under the burden of the principal that the members of the church were staggering. Many had become discouraged, and at the beginning of 1912 it was apparent that difficulty would be found in raising the interest on the debt in addition to the heavy operating expenses of the parish. It was at this gloomy time that a meeting of the vestry was called. Doctor Harris in opening that meeting said : " Gentlemen, we are face to face with a crisis. If we cannot longer pay the interest it is time to pay the principal." Those words contained a simple solution of the problem. The people had been discouraged as a result of paying year after year money in interest, without any promise of relief from the principal. But they were inspired by the idea of actually clearing away the debt, and were quite willing to make sacrifices to that end. The rector's earnestness moved the vestry to new hopes and enthusiasm. The parish was divided into seven districts, and two vestrymen assigned to each district. A house to house visitation was inaugurated, the plan of campaign covering sixty days. All pledges were to be in cash. Forthwith the rector began a series of powerful sermons calling for the people to work and to pray and to sacrifice for the sake of God's Temple. The keynote was struck in the words of Nehemiah — 'We built the wall, for the people had a mind to work." "Let the people have a mind to work and a mind to pray." Every member was pledged to work and pray every day for the success of the undertaking. As the campaign progressed the enthusiasm of the rector and vestrymen spread throughout the parish. The sum of $36,000 had to be pledged and paid within sixty days. Every man, woman and child was to have a part. One nine-year-old boy brought the rector three pennies to help pay the $36,000 debt, and by Palm Sunday he brought $5.50, every cent of which he had earned by shoveling snow and running errands. Two little girls brought in over $40 as a result of making and selling candy. Wives of prominent men went out as sewing women, working by the day. Others sacrificed new hats and gowns that they might give to God's church, while others sold their jewels. Men borrowed money at the bank on their notes that they might pay in cash. The spirit of the days of the ancient crusades had seized the people of St. Mark's Church. The children of the Sunday School pledged $500 and paid over $600. Two ladies' guilds gave $2,500. The volunteer choir contributed over $250. Friends rose up on every side and asked to help raise the fund. Donations from three cents to $5,000 were received. Over 500 subscribers were pledged, and on Easter, 1912, every single subscription was paid in full, and scores of them were increased. On Easter Day the result of this wonderful Campaign was known throughout the City of Toledo. The church was crowded to the doors After the sermon by the rector expressing joy and gratitude of all to God for this grea achievement, the fifteen wardens and vestry men marched slowly up the middle aisle bearing the result of the prayers, the self sacrifices and the labors of the people of St. Mark's parish and their generous friends. The rector presented the offering of $41,300 amid absolute silence. Tears of gratitude and joy fell silently on every side. Then there rang out like one .mighty shout of triumph the Doxology, the notes of which shook the great build ing as they ascended from the lips of th throng of happy worshipers. It was a memo able service, the culmination of a great undertaking, and as a result St. Mark's Church stands today on the financial rock of prosperity. Doctor Harris is widely known as a preacher and public speaker. He was special lecturer at the University of Wyoming, and the sonic bodies have published a number of his Masonic addresses which have had wide circulation. He has labored to build up the Diocese of Ohio and was recently elected the cleri- HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1437 cal member of the Cathedral Chapter of the Diocese of Ohio. Doctor Harris is a firm believer in the value of fraternalism and has been especially active in Masonry. He is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, also a Knights Templar, and Shriner. He is affiliated with Sanford L. College Lodge No. 396 Free and Accepted Masons at Toledo, Toledo Commandery Knights Templar, Toledo Council No. 33 Royal and Select Masters, Toledo Chapter No. 161 Royal Arch Masons, the Valley of Wyoming Consistory at Cheyenne, and Korein Temple of thc Shrine at Rawlings, Wyoming, on the western side of the Rocky Mountains. While in Cheyenne he was elected chaplain and life member of Lodge No. 606 of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Doctor Harris is a member of the Delta Tau Delta college fraternity. He has served on the Arch Chapter and has twice been president of the Northern, Division. On August 25, 1897, Mr. Harris married Miss Katheryn Brandon of Chicago, who at the time of her marriage was professor of music at Albion College, Albion, Michigan. Her beautiful voice and charming personality made her a favorite soloist on Chautauqua programs, but she was happy to relinquish her professional career and musical ambitions for her home and the church. She died in Cheyenne, Wyoming, August 12, 1908, being survivred by two children : Katheryn Brandon and Robert Brandon. The daughter was born in Toledo and the son in Newport, Kentucky, and both are living with their father. In Toledo, on January 2, 1911, Doctor Harris married Mrs. Annie Reynolds Macomber. Her father, C. L. Reynolds, is a prominent banker of Toledo, and reference to his career is found on other pages. Her son, Charles Reynolds Macomber, was born in Toledo and makes his home with Mr. and Mrs. Harris. His father was the late brilliant young reformer and service director, Franklin S. Macomber, to whom Toledo owes much. Mrs. Harris is very prominent socially in Toledo, and has done much since her marriage to hold up the hands of her husband in his work in St. Mark's parish. Mr. and Mrs. Harris have a daughter Rosalind Susanne, rho was born in Toledo. The family reside at 268 Parkwood Avenue. FORREST L. GUNN has spent many years of successful work as a farmer in Lucas County. He is now living partially retired from agri cultural activities, his home being in Monclova Township, a mile north and two miles west of Monclova Village. His is one of the very oldest families in Northwestern Ohio. His great-grandfather Martin Gunn arrived in the Maumee Valley as early . as 1818. There was still an earlier settler of the family. This was Elijah Gunn, cousin of Martin Gunn. Elijah came to the vicinity of the present town of Waterville in 1815, about the close of the War of 1812, and was the first white man to make a permanent abode in that locality. Some years later he sold his claim and left the country and settled on Maumee River about forty miles farther up the river. Martin Gunn came from Buffalo to the Maumee River on the famous pioneer steamer, "Walk on the Water," the first steamboat on the Great Lakes. This boat, which has received a great deal of attention in historical works, was a very small vessel and very crude in its operation and appointments. Martin Gunn's son Willard G. Gunn was the grandfather of Forrest. Forrest is the son of Alfred Gunn,. who was about a year or so old when the family came to this section. Alfred was born in Montague, Massachusetts. and grew up on Maumee River. He married Emeline Shaw, who was born in Prescott, Massachusetts, and was brought by her relatives to Waterville. Alfred and his wife lived for many years at Waterville. An engineer by profession, he was employed in that capacity during the construction of the Maumee canal. He also conducted a sawmill just below Waterville on the race that came out of the river there. He sawed the lumber which entered into the construction of the first Methodist church in Waterville. About 1840 Alfred Gunn moved to Fulton County, Ohio, locating south of Delta. His death occurred in 1880. He and his wife were the parents of two children, Eugene, born in 1844 and died in Topeka, Kansas, in 1914, and Forrest, who spent nineteen years in Missouri. Forrest Gunn was born August 20, 1850, and in Fulton County was married in 1872 to Ellen Elton, daughter of John Elton, who became a Fulton County resident in 1864. In 1873, the year following his marriage, Mr. Gunn moved to Missouri, locating in Andrew County, northwest of St. Joseph. That was his home for twelve years, and he spent the next seven years in the Ozark country in the southern part of Missouri. Returning to Northwest Ohio, he bought his present farm 1438 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO in Lucas County and has since been actively engaged in the cultivation of his valuable acres. Mr. and Mrs. Gunn have the following children : Lavesta, who married Orel Wilcox, a farmer in Michigan ; Royl, who was married in Denver, Colorado, and is now living in Arizona ; Ethel, wife of Jesse Trapp, a farmer at Whitehouse in Lucas County ; Annie, who lives in Columbus ; Mattie, wife of Cha Coder, a farmer at Whitehouse, Lucas County ; Jesse, living in Kansas ; Benjamin, who is employed as a pipe fitter by the Clover Leaf railway ; Floyd, who is employed on the Great Lakes; and Gladys, still at home. Politically Mr. Gunn is a republican. He has made himself a public spirited factor in local affairs and has served on the township board and the school board.. His church is the Free Methodist. CLARK LEONARD PARKER, a native of Hancock County, came off a farm several years ago and began learning the dairy business, as an employe of the Findlay Dairy Company. That was in 1909. He put in a year of hard work chiefly for the purpose of mastering every detail of the business. He and his brother, L. 0. Parker, then leased the plant from its owner, H. R. Portman, of Cleveland. They had the business under lease for two years and were successful with its management from the start. They then bought from Mr. Portman, and in 1916 L. 0. Parker sold his interest to others and the firm was then incorporated as The Findlay Dairy 'Company. Clark L. Parker owns fifty-one per cent of the stock and is secretary and manager.. It is the largest dairy company in Hancock County and every year has witnessed a large net increase in the business. At the present writing the company plans to move from its present location on North Main Street to larger quarters. The company is incorporated with a capital stock of $30,000. Clark Leonard Parker was born on a farm in Marion Township. of Hancock County in 1886, son of H. L. and Sarah J. (Graham) Parker. He grew up in the country environment, attended the country schools, and also took four years of work in the .Findlay High School, though he did not graduate. He pursued the Latin and English and also the business courses. After leaving school he farmed for several years, but he had the talent and the energy for a business career, and has made his success in the line already indicated. He has the reputation in Findlay of being one of the most enterprising young business men in the city. He owns considerable real estate. He and his family are members of the Howard Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics he is independent. In 1907 he married Miss Florence Bigley, daughters of J. R. Bigley of Findlay. They are the parents of four children : Alton, aged eighty, years ; Lucile, six years old ; Hollis, aged four, and Lloyd, who was born in 1916. BERNARD GROENEWOLD, public spirited citizen and successful business man, has lived all of his life in Toledo. The son of John and Louis (Yingling) Groenewold, who came to Toledo in the early '60s, he was born here June 30, 1876. Mr Groenewold attended the Toledo Public Schools, and, later, learned the trade of plumber, following the footsteps of his father in this regard. In 1898 Groenewold enlisted as a private in a Toledo regiment for the Spanish-American can war. When he saw that there was to be no fighting for his regiment, he withdrew, returned to Toledo and engaged in the plumbing contract business. The firm name is The Groenewold & Lang Company, Mr. Groenewold being the president, with a record of seventeen consecutive years in business The firm has handled some of the largest plumbing contracts ever let in Toledo and the surrounding country, much of his work in many of the buildings of the Willys-Overland plant showing the careful planning and supervision of the firm. Because of the growth in the business the firm has recently removed to its own plant 300 South St. Clair Street, where there is the opportunity for development that the business required. Mr. Groenewold is president of the City Real Estate Company, and is secretary-Treasurer of the Birwall Realty Company. Mr. Groenewold was married, June 27, 1901, to Miss Emma Hoffman of Toledo, and they reside, with their son, Edward Bernard, born May 31, 1903, at 527 Winthrop Street. Bernard Groenewold has twice served the Ali city of Toledo in a public way. He was elected and served as councilman at large om 1903, and in a much wider sphere made his presence felt when appointed Director of Public Safety by Mayor Carl S. Keller on HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1439 December 30, 1914. He served during the remainder of Mayor Keller's term. In this time, however, Safety Director Groenewold placed the police and fire departments of the city upon a plane that had never been approached previously. There were over 400 men in these departments when Groenewold took hold. Internal dissension, petty jealousies and .bickerings had marked some of their activities. Safety Director Groenewold stopped that. He let it be known that neither politics nor religion had anything to do with the making of a good policeman or a good fireman. Efficiency. was All that was necessary to insure the place of either policeman or fireman upon the payroll. The organized and individual efficiency was so marked and so noticeable that the public press was moved to comment upon the good work performed. Safety Director Groenewold did much to better the service outside of the work he did in the personnel of the department. His business training stood him in good stead in such larger activities as the contracts for motorizing the Toledo Fire Department. It was his business acumen that resulted in the saving to the city of $10,000 on one motorization contract. His social and fraternal connections include membership in the Toledo Lodge of Elks, Yondota Lodge F. & A. M., Fort Lawrence Chapter, R. A. M.; St. Omar Commandery, Knights Templars; Knights of Pythias, The Toledo Club, Old Sod Club, Maumee River Yacht Club, Toledo Yacht Club, Sylvania Golf Club, the Overland Club, the Toledo Automobile Club, the Two Hundred Club, the Folger Club and the Spanish-American War Veterans. CHARLES WILLIAM SHOEMAKER, now retired, represents that fine and substantial stock of people who settled Waterville in the pioneer times of Lucas County. He has made his own life count for good in all its relations, and has been a farmer, school teacher, land surveyor and civil engineer and a practical business man and is now, in his seventy-second year, enjoying the fruits of his earlier years of industry. He was born in the Township of Waterville, Lucas County, Ohio, August 3, 1845. His parents, Thomas and Catherine (Van Fleet) Shoemaker, were married February 21, 1833. Thomas Shoemaker, who was born at Muncie, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, July 29, 1802, arrived in Lucas County in the spring of 1829; settling in Waterville he became one of the earlier pioneers of that neighborhood. He assisted Ambrose Rice in making the Government land surveys in Providence Township and probably also in Oregon and Jerusalem Townships in Lucas County. We find his name among those who at various times served the community as township trustee, member of the board of education, road supervisor and various other positions of trust. He purchased state canal land, soon after his marriage, about a mile west of Waterville, where he built a log cabin in the woods and there he and his wife raised a family, cleared up a farm and lived until the spring of 1869. He then rented the farm to William Esworthy and spent his last years in peaceful and comfortable surroundings in the Village of Waterville. His wife's father, John Van Fleet, who was of Holland descent and was best known as Esquire Van Fleet, and his wife, Mary (Henderson) Van Fleet, were among the earlier settlers in the Waterville community. They also came from Muncie, Pennsylvania, and in the same party with which Thomas Shoemaker came ; they came in covered wagons, drawn by horses and were three weeks on the way. The Van Fleets stopped at Perrysburg, Ohio, but in the fall of the same year they moved onto a farm about a mile north of the Village of Waterville. Thomas Shoemaker died April 28, 1873, in the seventy-first year of his age, survived by his wife until December 21, 1903, when she was past eighty-eight years of age. Their children were : Isabelle, who died in 1838 when nearly four years of age ; James, who died in 1896 in his sixtieth year ; Francis Marion, who died at his home in Waterloo, Iowa, in 1906, when nearly sixty-seven years old ; William, who died in 1844 in his second year ; Charles 'W., and John Van Fleet, who died in March, 1905, in his fifty-sixth year. Of these six children, James and Francis M. served as volunteers in the Union army in the War of the Rebellion from 1861 to 1.865 ; their military record will be found elsewhere in this work. Charles W. Shoemaker was reared in a good home, under influences that made for a sturdy and honorable manhood. He worked for his father on the farm until the spring of 1869, when he moved with his parents to a home in the Village of Waterville. In the' meantime he had received an education in the 1440 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO Waterville and Maumee high schools. After leaving the farm he taught the Waterville High School for three years, and then took up the profession of land surveying and civil engineering which he has followed more or less to the present time. In 1877 he was elected to fill the position of County Surveyor of Lucas County. At the same time his efforts have been directed toward farming, and he now owns the old homestead -farm in the present corporate limits of the Village of Waterville, but occupies a fine residence in that town. In September, 1871, he married Susan Huether. Mrs. Shoemaker was born in Nuenschweiler, Canton Zweibrueken, Kingdom of Bavaria, Germany. She came to America with her parents, who settled in Grand Rapids, Ohio, when but six years of age, it taking them twenty-one days to cross the ocean. When about ten years of age she went to Waterville, where she had a home in the family of L. L. Morehouse and received an education in the Waterville High School. Mr. and Mrs. Shoemaker have two children : Jennie C., wife of James L. Cook, treasurer of the Ohio Oil Company at Findlay, Ohio; and Alice L., who lives at home. Politically Mr. Shoemaker is an independent republican. He was reared in that political faith, and as a boy, in the stirring days before the Civil war, he was found an enthusiastic member of processions, rallies, and other gatherings that marked the political life of that period. He was frequently among those who carried lights for the music with the "Wide-Awakes" organizations at the beginning of the. republican party. In his more mature years he has filled various local offices in addition to that of county surveyor. He has been mayor and member of the council of his home town and also has served on the school board. His wife and daughter Alice are members of the Methodist Church. Fraternally he has been active in the Masonic Lodge at Waterville. He is a past master of that lodge and for ten years was its secretary. He has always been interested in the preservation of local historical. memorials and associations. He was one of the incorporators of the Maumee Valley. Pioneer and Historical Association and has been a director of that association since its organization. He was one of the three commissioners appointed by the governor of Ohio to erect the Fort Meigs memorial on Fort Meigs in Wood County, Ohio, and he is now a member of the Fort Meigs Commission charged with the maintenance and care of this monument and the grounds on which it stands. GUS LEVY, manager of the Findlay branch of the G. R. Hopkins Company of Toledo was apparently a born salesman. He had a better grasp of the fundamentals of selling goods when he was a boy and a stranger in a strange land. than many men ever attain after the rigorous training of long experience. He is a master mind in his particular line, and for twenty years has been know to the people of Findlay as the manager of one of the most complete establishments its kind in that city. The Hopkins Company, through Mr. Levy, has built up a splendid establishment, dealing in a varied assortment of men's and women's suitings. A son of B. S. and Sarah (Herz) Levy Gus Levy, was born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1860. He grew up in that great free city and port of Germany, attended the public schools, and came alone to America at the age of sixteen. He Made his start as an American citizen by selling goods in New York City from door to door. He peddled clothes wringers, clocks and other Articles of merchandise. He sold goods where; others less determined would have failed miserably, and he not only made money but saved it. After that he transferred his activities to the Middle West, and sold goods in various localities for seven years. Going to Toledo, Mr. Levy engaged in the jewelry business, and continued in that line until 1893. Mr. Levy has always felt a degree of satisfaction in forming a connection with the G. R. Hopkins Company, but doubtless the heads of that company have felt even more satisfaction in their acquisition of his ability and experience. He started out as salesman and traveling manager for the company, and for them established several branch stores. In 1896 he opened the Findlay branch and was made local manager. In that capacity he has conducted the store ever since and it has long since become recognized as the center of reliable merchandise for all Hancock County. Mr. Levy has added hard work and progressive-mindedness to his talents as a business getter, and his present enviable position is by no means a matter of chance. Politically he is a democrat, and is affiliated with the Tribe of Ben Hur. HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1441 ADAM W. BILK. Long established as one of the leading farmers of Richfield Township, with his home 'on the Central Avenue road, Adam W. Bick is also widely known for his participation in public affairs and is now serving as one of the county commissioners of Lucas County. He was born in Richfield Township May 22, 1857, a son of Jacob and Anna Mary (Bettinger) Bick. His father was a native of Prussia, Germany, and after coming to this county located in 1855 in Richfield Township. He was a sturdy farmer and died in that locality September 18, 1886. His wife, Anna M. Bettinger, was born in Bavaria, Germany, daughter of John Bettinger, who came to this country in 1849, living for a time in Seneca County, Ohio, and afterwards moving to Lucas County, where he died.. Mrs. Jacob Bick died November 24, 1915, when past eighty-three years of age. Their children were : John, who lives in Kansas ; Adam W.; Jacob N., who married Margaret Langenderfer; Mary S., widow of James Hogan ; Elizabeth A., living at Lansing, Michigan ; Barbara A. a resident of Toledo. Adam W. Bick is married and has a family of seven children : Joseph L., who lives in Toledo; Frank J., a resident of Richfield Center, and by his marriage to Florence Cloutchure has two children, Merlin L. and Elizabeth M. Nora L. married Don Tonson of Richfield township, and their four children are Ramona, William, Norbit and Harvey ; William W. is a resident of Richfield Center ; Harvey E. lives in Toledo ; Arthur P. is connected with the Goodrich Tire Company at Akron; Beatrice A. at home. Mr. Bick is a democrat in politics. He served on the local school board eleven years, has been treasurer of Richfield township, and is now filling the office of county commissioner with great credit to himself and to e who supported him in his election. Mr. is a member of the Catholic Church. HARRY W. CUMMINGS, a son of that old and honored business man of Toledo, Robert Cummings, referred to on other pages of this publication, was a capable business man of Toledo and until his death was engaged in handling municipal bonds and other investment securities. The history of the family has been told elsewhere, but it seems fitting that a fine tribute paid to Harry Cummings by his friend, W. B. Geroe, should be published here. The tribute is as follows : "1875-1916—only a span of forty-one years. yet filled full of action, of business life and of kind deeds. "As a man of affairs he stood in the front ranks of the young business men of Toledo. He was successful. He was clean in his dealings. His word was a bond to be paid in full. "Harry Cummings was an outdoor man. He loved the fields, the wide expanse of marshlands. He loved the mountain streams and the quiet shadows of the forests. His greatest joy was the woodman's camp, the fisherman's cabin and the hunter's lodge. He was a man among the multitudes of men—as a companion there was none better, as a friend he was pure gold. Everyone who knew him was a friend—he made no enemies. Gentle of speech, generous, kindly of manner, he was beloved by all classes. "While the shadows were just beginning to fall toward the east, the crowning age of man, while life held every charm, while the sun shone and the langorous September days shortened, he grew weary—and lay down his burden beside the long white trail. "In the death of Harry Cummings Toledo loses a good citizen, his host of friends a most charming companion, and those most dear to him a beloved brother. Upon his tomb I lay this green wreath of love and respect." GEORGE SCHEETS is a veteran business man and one of the pioneer residents of the east side at Toledo, where he located in 1865, soon after returning from the war in which he served gallantly and faithfully nearly four years. The east side was a village when he located there, and he has since seen it grow and prosper until now it would be a city with a population of more than forty thousand and almost a metropolis in itself. Out of his personal recollections and his experience Mr. Scheets could write almost a detailed history of his section of Toledo. Some of the physical conditions of the east side as he describes them in 1865 serve as a basis from which to compute the remarkable progress in that section during the past half century. The population in that year was about five hundred. Mr. Scheets says that the only bridge across the river was the Lake Shore railroad bridge, though the Cherry Street toll bridge was then under construction. The main thoroughfares were Oak, Woodville and the River Road, while Main Street, Starr Avenue and East Broadway had 1442 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO not yet been opened. There was an utter absence of any of those improvements which are now considered fundamental even in Ohio villages. There were no sewers, no sidewalks, no street lights, and in the absence of any established grades the entire area of the east side was made up of hills and hollows, and naturally enough under these conditions there was an utter absence of observance of sanitary laws, and in fact no such laws were in existence at the time. If the physical conditions were bad, there was no lack of sterling citizenship,. and some of the men whom Mr. Scheets recalls as his neighbors and fellow citizens at the time had in them and subsequently exhibited that progressiveness and energy which are more important in a civic community than material advantages. Some of these old time east siders mentioned by Mr. Scheets as his neighbors fifty years ago were James Raymer, Alonzo Rogers, Joseph Garner, Dan and Stillman Brown,. Captain Sylvester Brown, William Mack, Dr. Squire, Dr. Wilson, John B. Russell, S. Plumey, Louis A. Metzger, William T. Ryan, the Rowlands and others who were as good citizens as ever blessed any new and struggling community. All of them were untiring in their zeal for the common good and in a large and important respect the east side,is a monument to their efforts. One of the worst calamities that befell Northwest Ohio was the terrible cholera scourge of 1854. One of the victims of this dread disease was George Scheets Sr., who died June 19, 18'54. That event and tragedy in the Scheets family had a very important bearing upon. the subsequent fortunes and career of George Scheets Jr., who as a result of his father's death had to leave school and at the early age of thirteen became a wage earner and contribute something to the support of his family. The Seheets family had arrived in America only about two years prior to this cholera epidemic. George Scheets Jr. was born November.19, 1842, at the Village of Kirchehrenbach near Forchheim in Bavaria. His father, George Scheets, had married Barbara Scheets, and though of the same name they were not blood relatives. On April 21, 1852, they left the old country and crossed the Atlantic on the American brig Onward, arriving in New York City after a voyage 'of thirty-nine days. Soon afterward they established their home on a small farm in Middleton Township of Wood County, three miles south of Perrys burg. They were living there when the father died. After coming to this country George Scheets had the advantages of the publi schools at Perrysburg for two years, but left school with his education unfinished in order to bear his part in maintaining the house. hold. His first employment was in the book. store of John Powers at Perrysburg. Later he worked in the drygoods store of Powers & Blinn, and for Major Hall and W. J. Hitchcock. From the routine business of handling dry-goods and satisfying the desires of the patrons of a country store, George Scheets was called into the sterner activities of warfare. On September 19. 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company C of the Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry under Capt. Arnold McMahan, with whom he was subsequently a business partner. After six months in the ranks he was promoted to regimental quarter-master's sergeant, then to first lieutenant then to adjutant, and finally to captain. His regimental officers were Col. Jesse S. Norton, Lieut. Col. James M. Neibling, Maj. Samuel A. Strong and Col. Arnold McMahan. His division and department commanders, with nearly all of whom he gained some personal acquaintance during his military experience. were William Nelson, O. M. Mitchell, D. C. Buell, W. S. Rosecrans, George H. Thomas, William T. Sherman and U. S. Grant. Though he has some recollection of these men who were among the foremost leaders produced by the Civil war, Mr. Scheets never had the fortune to meet Mr. Lincoln. His service in the army was largely in the West and with the Army of the Cumberland He took part in the Big Sandy campaign in Kentucky in 1861; the Northern Alabama campaign resulting in the capture of Huntsville April, 1862 ; the battles of Stone River and Nashville, Tennessee, in 1862-63; the Tullahoma campaign ; the Battle of Chickamauga September 20, 1863, and the battle of Missionary Ridge; the long service of forward movements and constant battling during the Atlanta campaign of 1864, including the siege and various assaults upon that city ; the battle of Jonesboro, Georgia, September 1, 1864, and in the fall of that year the march to the sea under Sherman, terminating with the capture of Savannah on Christmas Day. Then followed the campaigns up. through the Carolinas ending with the battle of Bentonville, North Carolina, the capture of Raleigh, HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1443 and the final surrender of Johnston's army in April, 1865. The regiment then proceeded to the North and in the month of May was one of the units in the magnificent army which marched in the grand review through the streets of Washington. Mr. Scheets had a very unusual record as a soldier. Though he was gone nearly four years, the only absence from his command was a thirty days' veteran furlough when he returned home and married. He was never wounded and never sick in the hospital. He was finally mustered out at Louisville, Kentucky, July 29, 1865. Only a few weeks after he returned from the army he was established in business at East Toledo. The date of the beginning of his business career there was August 29, 1865. He had formed a partnership with his old colonel, Arnold McMahan, and they opened a stock of drygoods, groceries, clothing, boots and shoes and other general merchandise. At the expiration of their contract Mr. Scheets bought out his partner, who then engaged in the real estate and insurance business. Between these two men and old soldiers a very close and intimate friendship existed until the death of Colonel McMahan in 1891. Mr. Scheets was in active business on the east side until 1900, when he retired, and since that date has largely concerned himself with duties at the Courthouse. In 1902 he entered the office of the county treasurer of Lucas county, and has remained in that department of the county government to the present time. For eleven years he was cashier, serving through three different administrations, and in that time he handled funds amounting to about forty million dollars. Since leaving the post of cashier he has been chief accountant in the treasurer's office. Mr. Scheets is well known in many business and social organizations and is a member of the Catholic Church. In 1872 he was elected a member of the city council, and while he was on that body the Cherry Street toll bridge was purchased by the city. The council elected him mayor of Toledo in 1885 to fill out the unexpired term of Jacob Romeis, who had been elected to Congress. In 1886 he was elected police commissioner, a position he filled four years. The first vote Mr. Scheets east was for Abraham Lincoln in 1864, when he was in the army. Since then for more than half a century he has voted for every Republican presidential candidate. He is a Charter member of Ford Post G. A. R. of Toledo, served as its commander in 1896, as quartermaster for about thirty-five years, and was quartermaster general to General Steadman while the latter was department commander. Mr. Scheets is a life member of the Toledo Memorial Association, a member of the East Side Commercial Club, and he feels a special sense of loyalty to that district of the city in which his business successes and his home life have been spent. In December, 1863, during his furlough from the army, Captain Scheets married Miss Mary Glennon of Maumee, Ohio. The children of their marriage were : Josephine Alice, who became the wife of John J. Kirby of Toledo; Ida Clara, who married Michael Sullivan of Toledo ; George Jr., who lives in Toledo and married Mary Maynes. The mother of these children died at Toledo September 13, 1873. On June 10, 1877, Captain Scheets married Miss Ann Glennon, a sister of his first wife. Two children were born to this union, Gertrude and Ford, both of whom are unmarried and live at home. Mr. Scheets also has four grandchildren and one great-grandson, all of whom live in Toledo. W. P. HUBBS, who had some of his first experience as a world's worker in the role of a farm hand, has as a result of many years of close attention to business built up a strong position as one of the leading jobbers and wholesalers of coal in Northwest Ohio. Mr. Hubbs now does business over several states and handles hundreds of carloads every year of anthracite and soft coal and coke. His home office is in the Spitzer Building at Toledo. He was born March 18, 1862, a son of Solomon and Elizabeth (Elrod) Hubbs. His father, a native of Pennsylvania, came to Ohio in 1850 and for the rest of his active career was a merchant in Antioch this state. The second in a family of three children, W. P. Hubbs received his education in the district and high schools of Antioch, and at the age of nineteen began work as a farm hand. He sought a wider field than that, and at twenty-one he was a telegraph operator in the employ of the Baltimore & Ohio Railway. He remained at the telegraph key, performing the duties assigned to him by his superiors, seven years. In 1894 Mr. Hubbs came to Toledo, and from that year his time and energies have been continuously identified with the coal business. He was at first a traveling salesman for one of the leading 1444 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO coal merchants of the city. During 1908-09 he was associated with Mr. Copeland in the coal trade, and since then has been in business for himself. Starting on a small scale and handling only a few contracts a month, he has extended his business every year until he now employs three or four salesmen and ships coal by the carload over Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan. For some time he also operated one of the large coal mines in the Hocking Valley. Mr. Hubbs is one of the public-spirited citizens of Toledo and is always ready to assist in making that not only a greater but a better city. He is a member of St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Hubbs married Miss Charlotte M. Willhauck of Toledo. Mrs. Hubbs is of Germany ancestry. WILLIAM BACKUS GUITTEAU, Ph. D. Executive ability of high. order and broad and mature 'scholarship are the qualifications which Doctor Guitteau brought to his post as superintendent of instruction in the Toledo public schools. Doctor Guitteau takes rank among leading American scholars in the field of political science, and has been a constructive force at Toledo not only through his work in the schools but in behalf of a more efficient municipal government. He has been identified with the local school system for nearly twenty years, and has been superintendent for the past seven years. Born in Toledo November 27, 1877, a son of Edward and Clara (Wilson) Guitteau, his father a traveling salesman and his mother a daughter of Hon. Joel W. Wilson of Tiffin, Ohio, Doctor Guitteau as a schoolboy showed those mental talents which have brought him prominence as a scholar. In 1894 he graduated from the Toledo High School, completing the four years' course in. three years. After spending the years 1894-95 at Ohio State University he was for one year a special student of history and economics in the University of Michigan. Returning to Ohio State University in the fall of 1896, he was. graduated Bachelor of Philosophy there in 1897, having again completed a four years' course in three years. He represented the State University in the first annual debate of the State Debating League, carried off second honors in the fourteenth annual oratorical contest, and was class orator at the commencement banquet. Doctor Guitteau also completed two years of the course in the .law department of the State University in one year, and has since been admitted to the bar, though he has never practiced. In 1899 he was awarded the Emerson McMillin Fellowship in Economics over several competitors, but relinquished the scholarship to accept a place as teacher of English in the Toledo Central High School. In June, 1900 about the time he passed the State bar examination, he was awarded the President White fellowship in political science in Cornell University. Entering Cornell in the fall of 1900 and pursuing courses in advanced politics and economics under Prof. J. W. Jenks, he received the degree Master of Arts in 1901. During the summer of the latter year he was clerk of the United States Industrial Commission at Washington, D. C., and the following year was awarded the Harrison fellowship in political science by the University of Pennsylvania, from which institution he took his doctor's degree in 1904. The subject of his thesis was "Constitutional Limitations Upon Special Municipal Legislation." Then returning to his position as instructor in the Toledo Central High School, he resigned in the spring of 1905 to become secretary of the Detroit Municipal League. The principalship of the Toledo Central High School was offered him in the fall of 1905, and there he gained his first important experience in executive work. He acquitted himself with credit as principal until the death of Superintendent C. L. Van Cleve pm September 26, 1909, when he became acting superintendent. A few weeks later, on the 18th of October, the board of education by a unanimous vote elected him superintendent of instruction in the Toledo schools and in 1914 he was re-elected superintendent for the full term of five years. His administrative ability is largely reflected in the advancement and progress of the Toledo school system during the last six years. There has been a notable advancement in the general efficiency of the teaching staff, and his influence is also reflected in the many material improvements. There are now two high schools—Waite and Scott—nearly fifty ward schools while a third high school is soon to be added. The entire school system., in all its departments, has been vigorously overhauled, in modified, and strengthened by Doctor Guitteau, An earnest student of municipal affairs, Doctor Guitteau is not the typical scholar but rather suggests the alert and progressive business man. From college and university days he has been a ready public speaker, and his HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1445 ability is recognized pretty well over the nation as a writer on municipal and educational topics. He was elected a member of the board of thirteen to draw up the new city charter under which Toledo is now operating. This charter has been pronounced by many authorities as a model for city government. Doctor Guitteau is author of "Government and Politics in the United States," a work on civil government which has been adopted by a large percentage of city and country schools in many states. A special edition adapted to the particular state has been issued in several instances. It is recognized as an authoritative work, based upon a new method of treatment and plan of instruction. "Preparing for Citizenship" is another book more recently issued for younger students, but along the same lines as the preceding work. Politically Doctor Guitteau is a republican, and is affiliated with Sanford Collins Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, and with the Beta Theta Pi and the Phi Delta Phi college fraternities, the latter being a fraternity of law students. He is also an active member of the Toledo Commerce Club. Doctor Guitteau was married August 11, 1916, in New York City, to Miss Nellie Heim. THE TOLEDO CLUB. Probably no social connection in Toledo is more eagerly prized than membership in The Toledo Club. Like many other important institutions of the kind it started as a more or less impromptu meeting of a small group of congenial spirits and the dominating purpose of the organization throughout has been to afford a place where men of common interests as citizens of Toledo mid foregather and enjoy themselves socially. At the present time the club has a membeship of 600, and necessarily with such ;loth there has been introduced a system of business management, an organization on a business basis, and the club, while essentially social has played a varied and useful part in the life of the city, and many important movements have at least had their birth in the club quarters even if the club has not been formally sponsor for the plan. The origin of The Toledo Club is traced back over a period of forty years to some informal social gatherings held by prominent Toledoans of that time, including such men as D. R. Locke, C. A. King, George E. Pomeroy Jr., Alf W. Gleason, Louis Wachenheimer, Frank 1. Young, Ed McNally and Will L. Hoyt. Their place of assembly was a small room in Vol. 111-8 a refectory on Jefferson Avenue near Summit Street. These informal meetings went on for some time until Mr. D. R. Locke finally suggested that a regular club should be organized. The plan was put into execution at once and Mr. Locke was elected first president and Ralph Osborne secretary. After various names had been suggested the name Draconian Club, offered by Mr. Locke, was accepted as most applicable to an organization of just men and, true, animated by loyalty to each other and to their fair city. The Draconian Club became exceedingly popular and its membership rapidly increased. Ralph Osborne eventually resigned as secretary, and was succeeded by Will L. Hoyt. The first club headquarters were on Summit Street near Madison. These quarters were soon outgrown and the next home of the club was the former residence of A. W. Gleason on Superior Street near Jefferson. While there the club entertained many prominent visitors. On May 15, 1882, the Draconian Club was formally incorporated by D. R. Locke, Frank R. Young, William L. Hoyt, C. A. King, George E. Pomeroy Jr. and John M. Fiske. The membership grew until the role included the names of nearly all the leading business and professional men of the city. Some of the older members having died, and a wider field of activity being desired, some of the Draconians organized and incorporated in 1889 The Toledo Club. The incorporators were John B. Ketcham second, William A. Gosline, Walter N. Conant, William T. Carrington, Dean V. R. Manley and William L. Hoyt. Thus the history of the old Draconian Club was merged with and became the first chanter in the annals of The Toledo Club. The first officers of The Toledo Club were : John B. Ketcham second, president ; W. N. Conant, vice president ; W. L. Hoyt, secretary ; D. V. R. Manley. treasurer. The first trustees were John B. Ketcham second, W. T. Carrington, Walter A. Woodford, I. D. Smead, A. L. Spitzer, C. L. Reynolds, W. N. Conant, D. V. R. Manley. George W. Davis, M. W. Young, Fred J. Reynolds and W. L. Hoyt. The first home of The Toledo Club was the Stevens' property at the corner of Madison and Huron streets. On that site a handsome brown stone building was erected and it served as the comfortable and for many years the commodious quarters of the organization. The club had its home there for practically a quarter of a century. Then in keeping with the growth of the 1446 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO club and the importance of the city, elaborate plans were begun for the erection of a new club home, and on June 19, 1915, its doors were first opened and the magnificent building on Madison Avenue and Fourteenth Street, costing $500,000, became the permanent home of this forty-year-old institution. The new club house is a notable addition to the architectural beauty of Toledo. It is designed in the style of the English renaissance, with walls of Harvard brick and stonework of Indiana limestone, and with all the elaboration of exterior and interior there has been preserved the simple and dignified beauty of the earlier English periods of architecture and finishing. The building is five stories high, and has a frontage of ninety feet on Madison avenue and 150 feet on Fourteenth Street. To the main rooms, the great living room and the main dining room, run two full stories in height. There are also billiard rooms, lounging rooms, women's reception rooms, private dining rooms, and the fourth and fifth floors are divided into guest rooms, forty-two in number. The building committee who carried out the plans for this new home were Walter Stewart, H. L. Thompson, M. J. Riggs, E. H. Close and T. W. Warner. At the opening of the new home the officers of the club were : John N. Willys, president, whose generous public spirit has made it possible for the club house to be built ; Isaac Kinsey, vice president ; Bernard Brough, secretary ; and Walter Stewart, treasurer. The present officers and trustees of The Toledo Club are : President, John N. Willys ; vice president, Isaac Kinsey ; secretary, Bernard Brough ; treasurer, Walter Stewart. HENRY DEGRAFF. One of the oldest men engaged in active business in Toledo is Mr. Henry DeGraff, general agent of The New Amsterdam Casualty Company, with offices in the Spitzer Building. Mr. DeGraff is eighty-four years of age. He has had a long and active business career, is a veteran of the Civil war, has been a merchant in different localities, and for twenty-five years was in the wholesale boot and shoe business at Toledo before he entered the insurance field. He was born in Ulster County, New York, December 8, 1832, a son of Cornelius and Mary Caroline (Van Why) DeGraff. His father was a native of New York State and the remote ancestors were French Huguenots. Cornelius DeGraff came from New York to Palmyra, Michigan, in the early '40s, and for many years followed his trade as a carriage-maker. He died in Palmyra in 1872. He was an active member of the Presbyterian Church, was a stanch republican, and filled the office of postmaster at Palmyra for several years. Mr. Henry DeGraff was the oldest of five children, only two of whom are still living. He finished his education in the public schools of Palmyra, Michigan, and in 1848 began an apprenticeship at the cabinetmaker's trade. The first year he was paid $35 and his board. For a time he was a bank clerk at Detroit, also was employed as clerk on one of the lake steamers running from Detroit to Buffalo, and at Detroit, he married and made a home of his own. Mr. DeGraff was married in 1853 to Miss Martha A. Lord, a daughter of Ralph Lord, who came to Michigan from Hartford, Connecticut, after her mother's death, settling in Detroit, Michigan, with her uncle, a Mr. Garrison. Mr. and Mrs. DeGraff had two children, the only one now living being Flora, who was educated in the Ursuline Convent of Toledo, and is an active member of the Episcopal Church. After his marriage Mr. DeGraff went west to Davenport, Iowa, and in that city he followed mercantile pursuits from 1856 to 1858. Returning to his former home at Palmyra, Michigan, he continued merchandising until 1861. In that year he left his store and in 1862 enlisted in the Seventh Michigan Cavalry. He was promoted to commissary sergeant, and later became second lieutenant. He remained in active service until mustered out in 1865, then returned to Palmyra, Michigan, but in March, 1866, came to Toledo. Mr. DeGraff for twenty-five years was in the wholesale boot and shoe business at Toledo, and in 1902 he became general agent for the New Amsterdam Casualty Company. He is an active member of Toledo Post No. 107, Grand Army of the Republic, and for the past eighteen years has been quartermaster of the Post. On January 13, 1917, he was installed for the nineteenth time to that position. WILLIAM LEWIS RHONEHOUSE. A Toledo specialist in eye, ear, nose and throat, Dr. William Lewis Rhonehouse brought to profession unusual equipment and training and HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1447 a large practice has rewarded him since he established himself at Toledo, October 28, 1912, with offices in the Ohio Building. He is the son of one of the oldest and best known homeopathic physicians and surgeons of Northwest Ohio, Dr. George W. Rhonehouse of Maumee. William Lewis Rhonehouse was born at Maumee October 9, 1886, son of Dr. George W. and Tamerzon Waite (Lewis) Rhonehouse. His early education was acquired partly in the public schools of Maumee and at the Toledo High School. He continued his preparatory and literary education in Doane Academy at Granville, Ohio, where he. was graduated in June, 1905, then spent a time in Dennison University in the literary department, and one year in the literary department of the University of Michigan. He then pursued the full four years' course in the Homeopathic Medical Department of the University of Michigan, where he was graduated in June, 1910. The two years following his graduation were spent as an assistant to Dr. Dean W. Myers in the Homeopathic Medical College at Ann Arbor. He specialized in the diseases of eye, ear, nose and throat at the University of Michigan, and had unusual opportunities for a thorough preparation. He served as interne and house physician at Toledo City Hospital, was chief of the staff of internes in the Homeopathic Hospital at Ann Arbor, and was senior assistant to the chair of ophthalmology, otology and laryngology, in the homeopathic medical department of the University of Michigan during 1911-1912. While in university he was president of the Alpha Chapter Mu Sigma Alpha in 1909-1910, and in was delegate to the Grand Council at Cincinnati. Doctor Rhonehouse is a member of the Ophthalmological, Rhinological and Laryngological Society, and of the Northwestern Ohio Homeopathic Medical Society, and the Ohio State Homeopathic Medical Society. He is not only a man of very thorough and expert knowledge of his profession, but has social traits which make him a congenial companion. He is a member of the Toledo Commerce Club, of Northern Light Lodge No. 40, Free and Accepted Masons, Maumee, Fort Miami Chapter No. 194 Royal Arch Masons, and belongs to the Improvement Association of Maumee, where he has his home. Politically a republican, he was elected in November, 1915, for a of term of two years in the council of the Village of Maumee. Doctor Rhonehouse was married to Miss Edna M. Black on October 28, 1915, at Maumee, where she was born and educated. Mrs. Rhonehouse is a graduate of the Maumee High School, and takes a- very active part in the Presbyterian Church, being a member of the choir. LOVELL BELLKNAP RHONEHOUSE, son of Dr.. George W. and Tamerzon Waite (Lewis) Rhonehouse, his father a prominent old time physician of Maumee, has followed a business career since he completed his education. He was born at Maumee February 7, 1884, was educated in the public schools there and the Toledo High School, and from high school he entered at once upon his practical preparation for a business career. Since July, 1908, he has been cashier of the State Savings Bank of Maumee and is one of the well known younger bankers of Lucas County. He has shown a very decided interest in affairs of local improvement and advancement in his county, is a member and secretary of the Improvement Association of Maumee, and is secretary of the Maumee Board of Education. Politically he is an active republican and was one of the county central committeemen from Maumee in 1915. He also belongs to the Toledo Commerce Club, and is a master of the Northern Light Lodge No. 40, Free and Accepted Masons at Maumee. NELSON M. MESSER represents one of the old and prominent families of Oregon Township in Lucas County. His fine farm estate is in the southwest part of that township. His father, James Curtis Messer, was a man of special distinction in Lucas County. He was born at Greenfield, Erie County, Pennsylvania, February 1, 1834. Ten years later he came with his parents to a farm that is now within the limits of East Toledo. In 1858 he started out for himself as a farmer, buying land on section nine of Oregon Township. There he spent his active years and on September 21, 1903, death claimed him. Though a man of meager education, he gained wide information and solid judgment from his extensive experience with men and affairs. During the war he was not only a warm supporter of the Federal cause but active in the organization of the First Regiment of the Ohio National Guard in 1863. On May 12, 1864, he was mustered in as second lieutenant in the One Hundred and Thirtieth Ohio Infantry, and was in active service until his honorable 1448 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO discharge in September, 1864. He then resumed his place in the state militia, was promoted to captain, and was identified with the organization until it was disbanded in 1868. In his home township he was equally a man of prominence, serving as trustee, assessor, clerk, treasurer, and in 1887 and again in 1889 was elected a member of the state legislature. He first filled the vacancy caused by the death of Russell C. Thompson. For many years he was vice president of the Lucas County Agricultural Society. James C. Messer married Marion Lillelund, who survives him. She is the daughter of Nelson Lillelund, who was an early settler in Toledo and for many years was immigration agent at the Union Station. Nelson Lillelund followed the sea for about forty years, and came to Toledo from New Orleans. The children of James C. Messer and wife were : Nelson M., Anna, wife of Clarence A. Tracy, a farmer in Oregon Township ; Jennie, deceased wife of Ernest Tracy, an Oregon Township farmer ; and Mattie, wife of Ruby Kent, a farmer in Oregon Township. Nelson M. Messer grew up on the old farm in Oregon Township, and married Mary Klag, daughter of Rev. John Klag, who for twenty-two years was pastor of the Martin Luther Church in Toledo. Mr. and Mrs. Messer have the following children : John J., who lives at Ludington, Michigan, and has one son ; Mildred, wife of Fred Kester of East Toledo, and mother of one son and one daughter ; Carl and Loretta, both at home. Mr. Nelson Mes- ser is a republican in politics, and has filled most of the local offices. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and attends the Methodist Church. S. E. CLARK. A notable number of prominent railway men, officials carrying heavy responsibility, made their debut in railroading as telegraph operators. At the age of twenty-one S. E. Clark was a telegraph operator in a railroad station at Sparta, Wisconsin. He went through various grades of responsibility, and is now district passenger agent of the Hocking Valley Railway at Toledo, with offices in the Ohio Building. Mr. Clark was born in the State of Maine, at East Sumner, Oxford County, December 30, 1857, but was reared from infancy in Wisconsin, where his parents were pioneer settlers. He is a son of J. A. and Armia (Billings) Clark, his mother of a prominent old New England family. His father was born in Maine, and was descended from a stock of original Puritans. In 1858 J. A. Clark came West and settled on a farm in Monroe County, Wisconsin, near Sparta, and he reclaimed the land from the brush heavy timber in good old pioneer style. He made it available for cultivation, he harvested many successive crops, and gained a competence sufficient for all the needs of his declining years. He was one of the most highly esteemed citizens of Monroe County. He was a Christian in every sense of the word and was a strong advocate of temperance at a time when advocacy of such doctrines was not popular as at the present time. He known as a ready worker for the benefit of his many friends, and as he passed through the world he did all the good he could everywhere. Politically he was a rock-ribbed republican, and enjoyed the complete confidence of his fellow citizens who elected him county assessor for many years. He and his wife had three children, one daughter now deceased, and two sons, still living. Mr. S. E. Clark, the youngest of the family was educated in the grammar and high schools of Sparta, Wisconsin, and afterwards graduated from Valentine's Commercial College at Chicago. As above stated he was given a post as telegraph operator at Sparta at the age of twenty-one, having mastered telegraphy as a result of a boyhood enthusiasm He remained at Sparta several years, and was then assigned to different positions at different places. For a number of years he was a railway station agent, and in 1900 first came to Ohio, becoming city passenger agent at Columbus for the Hocking Valley Railway. In 1902 he accepted the place of district passenger agent of the Zanesville & Western Railway, at Zanesville, Ohio, but in 1904 resigned and became northern passenger agent for the Hocking Valley Railway at Detroit. In 1911 Mr. Clark was promoted to his present responsibilities as district passenger agent at Toledo. He is a man of wide acquaintance and of the highest social standing. He is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, a Knight Templar and a member of Moslem Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is a republican and a member of the Congregational Church. On August 12, 1892, at Sparta, Wisconsin, Mr. Clark married Miss Carrie Nott, daughter of Dr. William Nott of Indianapolis. Mr. and Mrs. Clark had three children, and two HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1449 are now living. Ruth A. is Mrs. C. W. Ribble. E. N. Clark has shown talent and proficiency for work as a cartoonist and is now training himself for that profession, in a technical school in London, England. JAMES D. COY. One of the old families of Oregon Township in Lucas County is represented by James D. Coy, who is himself the owner of a fine farm on Jerusalem Road in Oregon Township and has made himself a prominent factor both in business and civic affairs. For several years Mr. Coy haS served as secretary of Lucas County Farmers Mutual Aid and Insurance Company, and has done much to extend the usefulness of that important organization as a financial bulwark of the farmers of that county. He was born in Oregon Township February 13, 1874, a son of Horace and Mary (Whitson) Coy. His grandfather was Daniel Coy, an early settler in Lucas County. Daniel Coy died in 1854, during a cholera epidemic. Horace Coy was born in Oregon Township November 21, 1852, and he and his wife still occupy their old home in that township. He also taken an active part in local affairs, mg served both as school director and township trustee. James D. Coy is the oldest of his parents' children. The others are : Milton H., in the contracting business at East Toledo; George E., who lives at East Toledo and is employed by the Overland Automobile Company; Earl W., a resident of Oregon Township and superintendent of the Willow and North Oregon cemeteries ; Willis I., at home; Jennie, wife of John L. Bueschen, a coal dealer at East Toledo; Frank H., a resident of East Toledo and an employe of the Overland Automobile Company. Mr. James D. Coy married Anna Joehlin, daughter of Gottlieb and Caroline (Fischer) Joehlin. Her father came from Germany and her mother from. Switzerland. Mr. and Mrs. Coy have four children : Mabel J., Mary C., Beatrice A. and Wilma J. In addition to the management of his farm and his work as secretary of the County Farmers' Mutual Aid and Insurance Company, Mr. Coy served fourteen years as township clerk, and was formerly a member of the township board of education, and is now one of the Lucas County Board of Education. Fraternally he is an Odd Fellow. His family attend worship in St. Mark's Lutheran Church, HENRY LALENDORFF. One of the most prominent citizens of Oregon Township in Lucas County is .Henry Lalendorff, whose home is three miles east of Ironville. Mr. Lalendorff has lived in this section sixty years—in fact, nearly all his life—and by well ordered industry and honorable dealings has already acquired an ample competency, though he is not yet ready to retire and still retains the active management of his farm and various other business interests. A native of Germany, born in Mecklenburg August 16, 1851, he was brought to this country at the age of three years in 1854. His parents, John and Sophia (Sahoon) Lalendorff, arrived in Toledo during a year when that community was stricken with a cholera epidemic. They lived in Toledo three years and in 1857 moved to Oregon Township, establishing their home on the farm now owned and occupied by Henry Lalendorff. It should be recalled that when the Lalendorff family came to Toledo there were not more than half a dozen small houses in East Toledo. Communication existed between East Toledo and Toledo by means of a ferry boat which could carry three wagons and teams. Another incident that serves to show the march of provements was that Summit Street in Toledo was just being paved. When the family moved out to Oregon Township fifty years ago their land was in the midst of the woods and swamps. There were no roads, and it required actual courage as well as faith to embark on such an undertaking as the improvement of such land. The progress of years has completely changed conditions, and now the Lalendorff farm is one of the best in point of improvements and also in the fertility of its soil to be found in the entire township. John Lalendorff and wife both died in 1901. Henry Lalendorff, the only child of his parents, grew up on the old homestead in Oregon Township, and many of its most notable improvements are to be directly credited to his individual work and management. Mr. Lalendorff married Minnie Koch. She was born in Mecklenburg, Germany, daughter of Henry Koch, who was also numbered among the early settlers of Oregon Township, The Koch children were : Charles Koch, a farmer in Oregon Township ; Mrs. Lalendorff Elizabeth, widow of Henry Mathews of Oregon Township ; John, who was an Oregon. Township farmer until his death. Mr. and Mrs. Lalendorff have enjoyed not only material prosperity but also the comforts