2250 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO formed 2,500 abdominal operations with a death rate less than 1 per cent. He also performed 150 cranial operations and 5 laminectomies with recovery. In June, 1889, he performed successfully a triple operation, for amputating both legs and arm. The same year he removed a cancerous uterus, made a pan-hysterectomy, the patient living today, October 12, 1917. Doctor Rhu is past exalted ruler of Lodge No. 32, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He is president of the Marion Carnegie Public Library and a member of the United States Federal District Draft Board No. 3.. On September 17, 1917, he was notified by the surgeon-general, F. C. Gorgas, that he was accepted as surgeon in the United States Medical Reserve Corps. Dr. Auguste Rhu married Miss Helen S. Sweney. She was born in Marion County in 1853 and died, March 29, 1908. They were married July 7, 1875. She was a daughter of Marion's pioneer physician, Dr. Robert L. Sweney. Doctor Sweney was born in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, May 18, 1822, of Scotch-Irish ancestry. In 1828 the family removed to Crawford County, Ohio, and after leaving the public schools at Bucyrus he took up the study of medicine under Doctors Douglas and Swingley. He remained with them four years and in 1849 completed his course in the Cleveland Medical College. Returning to Bucyrus, he practiced until 1851with his former preceptor, Doctor Swingley, and then located at Marion. Doctor Sweney was recognized as probably the most skillful and successful surgeon and gynecologist in Central Ohio. The publication known as Physicians and Surgeons of the United States gives him the distinction of being the first physician in the State of Ohio to successfully revert a. chronic inversion of the uterus. Doctor Sweney was called the founder of the Marion County Medical Society organized June 5, 1877; and served as president of that body during its first two years. During the Civil war he was commissioned surgeon and assigned to the Forty-third Ohio Infantry and on June 8, 1865, Governor Brough commissioned` him with the rank of major as military examining surgeon for. Marion County. He stood high in medical circles and also as a citizen. Doctor Sweney died at Marion January 12, 1902. He married September 2, 1852; Miss Elizabeth C.. Concklin, oldest daughter of Col. W. W. Concklin. Dr. H. S. Rhu, who thus inherits the traditions and accomplishments of two highly successful men in the surgical field, was born at Marion, Ohio, November 17, 1876. He was educated in the Marion public schools, Kenyon Military Academy, in the Western Reserve Academy and took his medical course sin the Western Reserve University where he graduated June 15, 1899. Doctor Rhu has had a wide experience in handling tuberculosis. For two years he was an interne in the Lakeside Hospital at Cleveland and after his graduation returned to practice with his father. In 1905-07 he was a member of the staff of the Texas Sanitarium and resident physician of the Tuberculosis Hospital at Llano, Texas, and in 1907 was a resident physician in the Cragmor Sanitarium at Colorado Springs, later medical director of Dr. Boyd Cormic, St. Angelo, Texas. He is a member of the Society for Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis and belongs to the County and State Medical societies and the American Medical Association and served as president of the Marion County Medical Society. He is a Knight Templar Mason. He is a Presbyterian. Doctors Rhu, father and son, give most of their time to the surgical branch of their practice. In June, 1913, Dr. H. S. Rhu married Miss Lucy. A. White of Buffalo, New York. Her father, J. Herbert White, has a wholesale and retail book and stationery business on Pearl Street in Buffalo. Doctor and Mrs. Rhu have two children: H. Sweetser Rhu, born August 6, 1914 ; and Roger William Rhu, born June 17, 1916. JOHN T. CAREY. Through father and son the name Carey has had a continuous association with the bench and bar of Wyandot County for over thirty-five years. It is a name significant of the best ability and talent of the able lawyer. John T. Carey, who for a number of years was associated with his honored father and is now head of the firm Carey & Hall, is in many respects the ablest member of the local bar. Mr. Carey was born on a farm in Marseilles Township of Wyandot County August 24, 1878. He is a son of Robert and Emily A. (Terry) Carey. His grandfather and great-grandfather were Scotchmen but lived in County Antrim, Ireland. The grandfather came to Canada and located at Picton, Ontario. The family were Scotch Presbyterians. Robert Carey came from Canada to Wyandot County, Ohio, in 1872: He was a graduate HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 2251 of the Toronto Normal School, and did his first teaching in this country at Marseilles, Ohio. For several years he served as super. intendent of schools at Upper Sandusky. While teaching he took up the study of law, was admitted to the bar in 1881, and forthwith began a vigorous practice at Upper Sandusky, which he continued until 1913. Though now retired from the law he is serving as president of the Commercial National Bank of Upper Sandusky. Of his family of four sons and two daughters the only ones now living are John T. and Annabel, the latter Mrs. Joseph G. Kanan, of Valparaiso, Indiana. The family have lived in Upper Sandusky since about 1879. John T. Carey grew up in that town, attended the public schools, for a year and a half was a student in the Ohio Northern University at Ada and in 1898 entered the Ohio State University, from which he was graduated in the College of Law in 1901. During the following school year he took special work in history and political science. After his admission to the bar he practiced a short time in Toledo and then returned to Upper Sandusky, where he was associated with his father in a general practice for about ten years. After the retirement of his father in 1913 he formed his present partnership with A. K. Hall, under the firm name Carey & Hall.. Mr. Carey was elected mayor of. Upper Sandusky in 1905 and was re-elected in 1907. His father in earlier years had held the same office. Mr. Carey is one of the influential republicans of Wyandot County, and did a very helpful part during the ,campaign. of 1904 as chairman of the. County Committee. He is a stockholder in the Commercial National Bank, is a member of the First Presbyterian Church, and is affiliated with Lodge No. 176, Free and Accepted Masons, and also with the Royal Arch Chapter and Council. In 1912 Mr. Carey married Alice M. Stevenson, daughter of J. M. and Alice L. (Vanderburg) Stevenson of Upper Sandusky. THOMAS A. DEVILBISS is vice president and general manager of the DeVilbiss Manufacturing Company of Toledo. He has shown himself a constructive factor in business affairs and is recognized as one of the successful men of the city. Not less is he interested in the welfare and improvement of Toledo. A native of the Hoosier state, he was born at Fort Wayne, Allen County, Indiana, July 29, 1878. His father was Dr. Allen DeVilbiss, founder and now president of the DeVilbiss Manufacturing Company. His mother is Lydia A. (Lipes) DeVilbiss. The family moved from Indiana to Toledo when Thomas A. DeVilbiss was nine years of. age, and he was reared in that city, finishing his education in the public schools. On leaving school his real work in life commenced in the employ of the Toledo Computing Scale Company, with which he remained for a year, and then, accepted a position with the Harlin Cash Register Company at Columbus, Ohio, remaining there about a year. On his return to Toledo he purchased a half interest in, the DeVilbiss Manufacturing Company, with which he has since been associated, becoming vice president and general manager at the time of its incorporation .in June, 1905. His interest in the commercial life of the city is signalized by his membership in the Toledo Commerce Club and the Rotary Club, in both of which he is very active and has filled the higher. offices. In politics he exercises his elective franchise entirely independent of all political organizations, keeping well informed in regard to questions of public policy and casting his ballot in accordance with the dictates of his own judgment. Without any opposition whatever Mr. DeVilbiss in 1915 was elected :,a member of the board of education of ,Toledo. Great improvements are now being made in buildings, equipment and standardization of local school facilities, in all of which Mr. DeVilbiss is much interested and is performing a large individual part. Fraternally he is a member of the Blue Lodge, Chapter, Council and Commandery in York Rite Masonry. December 12, 1906, he married Miss Edna Parker, one of Toledo's accomplished young women, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. James R. Parker. Mr. and Mrs. DeVilbiss have one child, Howard Parker. They reside on one of the principal residential streets of the city. GEORGE DONNENWIRTH has been a prominent factor in banking and business affairs at Bucyrus for upwards of forty years. He began his business career in humble circumstances, and his own character and energy were the assets which counted most in his suc cess. 2252 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO Mr. Donnenwirth was born in Columbus, Ohio, January 28, 1835, a son of George and Sophia (Anthony) Donnenwirth. His father was born in Alsace, France, and his mother in the Province of Lorraine. They came to America in 1827. When George Donnenwirth, Jr., was three years old his parents removed from Columbus to New Washington, Ohio, and he grew up in that community and received only a meager equipment of book learning. He learned the blacksmith's trade and followed it steadily for five years. For about a year and a half he clerked in the store of William G. Meyers, and then moved to Bucyrus, where his first experience was as a hotel clerk for six months. After eleven months in Burlington, Iowa, he returned to Bucyrus and became associated in a partnership with his cousin in the brewery business. Mr. Donnenwirth had a capital of only $190, and he furnished this as the principal asset to the firm. They developed a good business and Mr. Donnenwirth was actively connected with it until 1889. Mr. Donnenwirth assisted in organizing the Bucyrus City Bank in 1881. He has always been, officially identified with that institution and is now its president. He has been head of the bank since 1893. He also organized the Bucyrus Brick & Terra Cotta Company, and was president of that company. Besides his business associations he has always shown an apt willingness to work for the community welfare. For eighteen years he was a member of the city council- and for twenty-five years was member and for twenty-three years treasurer of the school board. Politically he is a democrat, and has been a quite active figure in the democratic party of Crawford County for many years. His church membership is in the Lutheran. Mr. Donnenwirth was married at Bucyrus in 1865 to Mary Fuhrman. They have no children. ORVILLE T. CASTOR iS widely known over Hancock County, partly on account of his long experience as a teacher and latterly as a merchant in Arlington. Mr. Castor was born in Madison Township of Hancock County, August 22, 1877, on the Greenfield Farm leased by his parents, John D. and Crissie Ellen (Harris) Castor. His parents are still living. Mr. Castor is of Irish and Pennsylvania Dutch ancestry. His grandparents coming to this country in early childhood, about 1840. When he was two years of age his parents moved to Van Buren County, Michigan, locating on their own farm, where Orville grew up. He has one sister, who was born in 1880. He obtained his early education from country schools, attending in the winter season and developing his physique by work on the farm during the summer. At the age of nineteen he returned to Hancock County and located in Delaware Township. After a normal school training he taught one year in Pleasant Township in a country school, and then returned to Arlington in Madison Township and taught continuously in the public schools until he lost his health and was compelled to give up this profession after ten years' successful teaching. In the meantime he had been thrifty and saving and had accumulated enough capital to embark in his present business as a confectionery and restaurant proprietor. He conducts a model establishment and trade has been constantly growing since he opened for business in May, 1909. In 1898 Mr. Castor married Polly Prudence Pratt, daughter of Charles F. and Teena (Myers) Pratt. Mrs. Castor died in March, 1902, leaving three children. The oldest is Charles Dwight, born in January, 1899. The twin daughters Lulu May and Lola Fay were born in September, 1900. In September, 1904, Mr. Castor married Vera Gertrude Hughes, daughter of Joseph B. and Dora (Stump) Hughes, of Delaware Township, Hancock County. They have one child, Harold Hughes, born in February, 1906. Mr. Castor is an educational worker and has at present three children in high school and one in the grades. He was elected on the democratic ticket as town clerk and served in that office three terms, six years, from 1902 to 1912. He has always been a very efficient democratic worker and in 1915 he was appointed town assessor for a two-year term, completing his official work very successfully. Thus along with the successful management of his business affairs. Mr. Castor has proved a factor in the life of his community in various ways. He is a member of the Business Men's League of Arlington, is affiliated with Arlington Lodge. No. 756 of the Knights of Pythias and religiously is affiliated with the Methodist Protestant Church. RALPH G. SPENCER was born at Kalida, Putnam County, Ohio, October 1, 1875, a son of Ralph Gilbert and Fredericka (Fuhrmann) Spencer. His father was a pioneer merchant. His grandfather, Jabez Selden. HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 2253 Spencer, was of revolutionary stock and came West from East Hartford, Connecticut, to establish an academy. His grandfather, William Fuhrmann, was born in Holland where he was educated for the ministry in the Lutheran. Church, which profession he followed in this country until his death. Ralph G. Spencer Jr. secured his early education at Kalida and finished in the Ohio State University. At the age of twenty-one he was working as bookkeeper and later as assistant cashier of the Matthews and Rice Bank at Ottawa, Ohio, where he remained for three years. He then spent one year in the lumber business in Central Tennessee, and in the spring of 1900 became identified with the Buckeye Stave Company as manager of one of its plants at Carey, Wyandot County. After about two years the timber supply became exhausted and Mr. Spencer organized and established the First National Bank of Carey in February, 1902, becoming its cashier. The following year he established at Carey The National Lime and Stone Company and later sold his banking interest to give all his time to the lime and stone industry. From a small beginning, The National Lime and Stone Company has become one of the largest and best known concerns of its kind in the country. The company manufactures hydrated lime, which is shipped all over the United States, and great quantities of crushed stone which is used for road building, railroad ballast, and fluxing stone in the manufacture of steel. In addition to its plants at Carey it also owns and operates plants at Lima and Bascom. Mr. Spencer also organized The Federal Porcelain Company of Carey of which he is a director and general manager.. In 1901 he married Miss Martha Venn, daughter of Frank H. Venn of Memphis, Tennessee. Mr. and. Mrs. Spencer have three children : Jane, born in 1907 ; Martha, born in 1909 ; and Fredericka, born in 1911. Mr. and Mrs. Spencer are members of the English Lutheran Church. MILTON MURDOCK WOODWARD has been a resident of Findlay .since 1912, and in point of experience, attainments and skill is one of the ablest practitioners of dental surgery in Hancock County. His offices are in the Marvin Building on South Main Street in Findlay. Doctor Woodward was born at Ligonier in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, December 8, 1879, a son of H. E. and Mollie (Murdock) Woodward. He is of English and Pennsylvania German stock. His father was a lumber merchant at Ligonier and when Doctor Woodward was six years of age his parents removed to Johnstown,. Pennsylvania, where he grew up and where he attended the public schools and also graduated from the Rowe Business College. Resolving upon a professional career he spent six months of apprenticeship under his uncle Dr. J. C. Duncan,  a dentist, and then in 1897 entered the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery from which he was graduated with honors in the class of 1901. Following his graduation Doctor Woodward located at Derry in Westmoreland County and practiced there for eleven years, building up a most promising and valuable clientage. In 1912 he removed to Findlay and has found this larger city an even more satisfactory field for his profession. Doctor Woodward has patients from all the towns of Hancock County and the country districts. Besides his thorough preparation before beginning practice he has taken postgraduate work in anesthesia and other branches in his profession in Chicago. Doctor Woodward was married in 1904 to Nannie E. Sweeney, daughter of James and Belle Sweeney of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. Her father was a farmer. To their marriage have been born two children : John Murdock, born in 1905 ; and Margaret Elizabeth, born in 1915. Doctor and Mrs. 'Woodward are members of the First Presbyterian Church of Findlay. Politically he is a republican; and while in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, he served nine years as borough auditor. He has not concerned himself with politics since locating in Findlay. Doctor Woodward is a Knight Templar Mason, has filled all the chairs in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and is a member of the Protected Home Circle and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. REV. CHARLES V. CHEVRAUX. Until his death at the pastoral residence, Broadway and Eastern Avenue in Toledo, July 5, 1916, Father Chevraux was for many years pastor of the Church of the Immaculate Conception at Maumee and Eastern avenues. His was preeminently a life of service. It was devoted to the high calling and duties of the priesthood and for more than forty years he had been active in his devotion to the church and was one of the most widely known members of the Catholic clergy in Northern Ohio. 2254 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO A native of France, he was born at Mandeure in 1848. When he was six years of age in 1854 his parents came to America, settling in Stark County, Ohio, where they joined a number of French colonists around the Village of Louisville in that county. Father Chevraux grew up in Stark County, attended the local schools-and also the college at Louisville, and completed his theological and philosophical courses at Cleveland in St. Mary's Seminary. Forty-two years before his death Father Chevraux was ordained in 1874 by. Bishop Gilmour in St. Mary's Academy at South Bend, Indiana. Thenceforward until disabled by the illness from -which he finally died, Father Chevraux gave all his best energies, his splendid talents and his zeal to the duties of the various parishes in which he labored. From the time of his ordination until 1885 he was assistant in St. John's Cathedral in Cleveland. For a number of years he was noted as one of the best singers among the priests of the old Cleveland diocese. At all the larger religious celebrations he led the chants. For twelve years, from 1885 to 1897, Father Chevraux was pastor of St. Mary's Church at Norwalk, and then for three years was pastor of St. Anne's in Fremont. Succeeding Rev. J. P. McCloskey, who had charge temporarily, Father Chevraux came to Toledo in 1900 and the next fifteen years his ministrations were preeminent in the upbuilding and prosperity of the parish of the Immaculate Conception. At one time he was honored with the office of dean of the Toledo district. Following an operation in June, 1915, Father Chevraux was an invalid until his death, and was seldom able to preside at any of the church services. His assistant was the Rev. Thomas Quinlan, who has carried on the work of the church since the death of the regular pastor. Father Chevraux is survived by a brother, August Chevraux, of Canton, Ohio, and for several years his sisters, Mrs. Mary Menegay a widow, and Miss Felicie Chev raux, resided with him at the pastor's home in Toledo. JACOB FOLGER. While the business which he created and developed follows him, the death of Jacob Folger at Toledo on April 13, 1916, was none the less a great loss to the sterling citizenship of that community. He was a pioneer in Toledo business affairs, and had developed a great meat packery, which is one of the distinctive. features of the city's industrial life. While he did not touch public affairs at as many points as some men, he was extremely liberal of his time and means, and within its distinctive sphere his life represented a fine and purposeful service. His death occurred three days before his seventy-second birthday. Of that lifetime he had lived in America nearly sixty years. He was born in Bavaria, Germany, April 16, 1844, a son of John and Catherine Folger, being the youngest of the seven children who reached maturity. From the age of six until thirteen he attended the German schools. Several years previously an older brother had emigrated to the United States and had become successful in the butchering trade in New York City. It was this brother's example that inspired young Jacob Folger to leave school at thirteen and set out alone for the New World. After seven weeks on the ocean he arrived in New York City and lived there three years with his brother. Those three years were in fact an apprenticeship at the butcher's trade. Stimulated by an ambition to make a success of himself, he was studious and careful as well as industrious, and mastered every phase of the business. In 1860, at the age of sixteen, Jacob Folger came to Toledo. Here his experience rapidly broadened. For three years he worked at wages ranging from $8 to $16 a month, in the market of Gottlieb Stahl. Possessed of an overflowing vitality, he was able to stand the heavy working hours, which usually continued from 3 o'clock in the morning until 10 o'clock at night, and sometimes even later. He not only worked hard but was thrifty in caring for his earnings. Out of his meager wages was accumulated by degrees a small capital which in 1864 enabled him to start in business for himself. In that year he married the daughter of Benjamin Emch, and also joined Mr. Emch under the firm name of Folger and Emch in establishing 'a market, which was in effect the cornerstone of the great business built up during the next half century at West Toledo. At the close of the first year Mr. Emch retired from the firm and Mr. Folger, then just arrived at manhood, continued the business under his own responsibility. He began the manufacture of sausage and gradually enlarged his packing facilities, and after some years abandoned the retail meat trade and conducted his establishment entirely as a wholesale enterprise, with a trade territory covering a large circumference of country around Toledo. From. 1863 to 1883 the slaugh- HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 2255 ter house conducted by Mr. Folger was located on Central Avenue where the street railway barns now stand. In 1883 he moved the establishment to West Toledo, and the plant there now covers several acres. The capacity of the plant is over a hundred hogs and a large number of cattle for beef. Mr. Folger made a specialty of pork and sausage, and the Folger products in that line had a deservedly high reputation throughout the State of Ohio. The three-story building at 91/2-11 South St. Clair 'Street is the wholesale store from which the Folger products are distributed to retail merchants in and around Toledo. This building is owned by the Folger estate. For some years Mr. Folger has turned the active responsibilities of the business over to his three sons, Charles A., Frederick J. and Frank B. Frederick J. is manager of the slaughter house, while the other two brothers attend to the management of the wholesale house on South St. Clair Street. Outside of his business if there was one institution more than another which Mr. Folger gave most readily of his time and means and upon which he conferred his greatest service of helpfulness, it was the Forest Cemetery, the municipal burying ground. For years he was president of the cemetery board of trustees, when the management of the cemetery was separate from the present service department of Toledo. It is said that before he took active executive management of the cemetery its financial report always showed an annual deficit, and it was due to his able management that the institution was placed on a self-supporting basis. In national politics he was a republican but was strictly independent in local affairs, and rendered his chief service in wise council to many of the younger political leaders. At one time he represented the Fourth Ward in the city council, and proved such a leader in that' body that he was urged by his many friends to become a candidate for mayor, but declined such an honor. He was a member of the German Pioneer Association of Toledo and of the Druid Society. The late Jacob Folger had a great faculty for making and retaining friends. He had those qualities which drew men to him, and there were hundreds who enjoyed the hospitality of his home and town and also his large summer ,residence on Ottawa River, which was a center of so much entertainment during the months that the house was open that it became. familiarly known as "Folger's Country Club." In 1864, nearly fifty-two years before his death, Jacob Folger married Miss Mary Email, daughter of Benjamin Emch. Mrs. Folger was born in Wood County, Ohio, was reared there, and is still living among her children and grandchildren in Toledo. The three sons have already been mentioned. There were also four daughters, and the oldest, Amelia, died in 1907. The other three daughters are : Mrs. Charles J. Sanzenbacher, wife of a former county auditor of Lucas County, and Misses Julia and Lena, still at the old Toledo home. All the living children reside in Toledo. SAMUEL CHARLES BLACK, D. D., now pastor of the leading Presbyterian church of Toledo, is a man who has carried his influence and service to men of all classes, and back of his career as a minister was a thorough experience in earlier days as a working man and also in larger business affairs. He is a scholar, an original thinker, and a man of true religious leadership. He was born in Monticello, Iowa, September 6, 1869, a son of William Irvin and Flora A. (Johnson) Black. Receiving an education in the common schools he made his first work in life that of a telegraph operator, which he followed from 1884 to 1888. Then at the an of nineteen he sought a higher education in Parsons College of Iowa and was graduated A. B. in 1892. On December 6, 1892, he engaged in the banking business at Fairfield and later at Des Moines, and was a banker from 1892 to 1895. He then began his studies in preparation for the ministry, entering McCormick Theological Seminary at Chicago, where he Was graduated in 1898, and in the same year received his Master of Arts degree from. Parsons College in Iowa. In 1907 Blackburn University conferred upon him the degree Doctor of Divinity. Doctor Black was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in 1897, and in the meantime had preached at Kewanee, Illinois. He was pastor of South Chicago, Illinois, from 1897 to 1900; at Clinton, Illinois, from 1900 to 1908, and at Boulder, Colorado, from 1908 to 1910. While there he served as instructor of Hebrew in the University of Colorado. Since 1910 Doctor Black has been pastor of the Collingwood Avenue Presbyterian Church of Toledo and is serving that large congregation very acceptably. Some of the distinctive features of his personal and ministerial character are worthy of note. He never secludes him-. 2256 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO self, but is always approachable by any one seeking help or anything for the public welfare. There are many heavy demands upon his time, but he none the less cheerfully accedes to any call that promises good for the individual or public in any way. It is this willingness to serve that has given him such a high position among the clergymen of Toledo. Doctor Black is also a well known lecturer and author. He is the author of "Plain AModern to Religious Questions Mcidern Men Are Asking," published in 1907 and 1910 ; "Building a Working Church," 1911; "Progress in Christian Culture," 1912. He is also a frequent contributor to the religious press. TRUEMAN W. CHILDS, second vice president of the Second National Bank of Toledo, is one of the oldest active business men of the city. Coming here nearly half a century ago, he built up a wholesale boot and shoe house that was not only highly successful itself but was an important factor in making Toledo a wholesale center. Since retiring from the active responsibilities of business Mr. Childs has continued to be associated with banking and a number of other important interests. He comes of an old American family of English descent. A member of the Childs family one time owned the famous Tellers Bank in London, the predecessor of the Bank of England. Charles Dickens in his "Tale of Two Cities" has made the Tellers Bank familiar to several generations of readers. Mr. Childs is a grandson of William Childs, who was a native of Massachusetts and a soldier in the Revolutionary war. Trueman W. Childs was born in Paris, Oxford County, Maine, March 19, 1830, a son of Joseph and Olive (Woodsum) Childs, both natives of Maine. His father spent his life in Maine as a farmer and hotel keeper, and at one time was sheriff of Oxford County. Reared on his father's farm, Truman W. Childs lived there to the age of nineteen. He was then sent to Worcester, Massachusetts, to learn the leather business. At the end of five years his rapid mastery of the trade and his native business talents enabled him to purchase the interests of his employers. The next three years the business was continued under the name of Childs and McClure. On the dissolution of the partnership Mr. Childs continued the enterprise, for three years alone, and it was ill health which compelled his eventual retirement from that line of industry. When Mr. Childs came to Toledo in 1867 he found a small city. It was his good fortune and the good fortune of the city that he became one of the active group of commercial leaders who rapidly made this a great center of trade. In Toledo Mr. Childs established the well known wholesale boot and shoe house which under the name Childs, Lee & Company became a recognized institution in the business center. The late Gen. John W. Fuller (mentioned on other pages) was Mr. Child's first partner, and for twenty years the firm was known as Fuller, Childs bought the. In 1887 Mr. Childs bought the interest of General Fuller and then took Robert R. Lee into partnership. Mr. Childs was actively identified with the management of this large wholesale firm for a number of years and in that time the house had extended its trade to all the adjoining states, and had gained a reputation for absolute reliability. For a number of years Mr. Childs has served as a director and vice president of The Second National Bank, and he is also a director of The Milburn. Wagon Works. A successful business man, he has likewise the courtesy of the true gentleman and well deserves the many warm friendships he has acquired among Toledo's leading citizens. In 1862 Mr. Childs married Emily Corbin. He is the father of two hildren, Grace and Clinton A. COL. JOSEPH CLAYBAUGH BONNER. There has been no better known figure in Ohio republican politics and official life or in Toledo commercial afairs during the past generation than Colonel Bowas: For over thirty years he wa:s actively identified with one of Toledo's greatest manufacturing organizations, and at the same time has carried heavy public responsibilities. Colonel Bonner is of Scotch-Irish parentage, has the strong characteristics of that race, and is also of a loyal American family. His ancestry entitled him to membership in the society of the Sons of the Revolution and the War of 1812. Born on a farm near Chillicothe, Ohio, July 13, 1855, he obtained his early education in a log school house. He graduated from the old Chillicothe Academy and was still a young man when he identified himself with the City of Toledo. In 1882 he organized The Ames-Bonner Company, becoming its heaviest stockholder. This great corporation developed to HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 2257 a paid up capital of $400,000, and since beginning operated on a large scale, furnishing employment to 300 persons. In many ways the success of this corporation reflects the business energy of Colonel Bonner. He retired from the company in 1913, in favor of his son-in-law, William Bolles. The ability of the organizer and executive which enabled him to make a success of this concern has been manifested in many ways, in politics as well as in business. Colonel Bonner has been an active figure in the great preparedness campaign which has swept over the nation since the beginning of the European war, doing service in the Department of Provost-Martial General in connection with appeals. to District Exemption Board, and also in Speakers Bureau of Mayors' Committee on National Defense at New York City. He recently spent some time in Washington and interested the officials of the War Department, having the approval report of the U. S. Naval Consulting Board and carbuilders in a system he had worked out and patented for the rapid handling of army supplies and equipment. It may be explained that his system provides for the loading or the unloading of an entire trainload of general freight, field guns, ammunition or other supplies upon motor trucks in less than one minute from the arrival of a train at field headquarters. The transportation system being also equally adapted to general freight haulage—the vehicles of haulage are well known as the Bonner Rail Wagon System. Apparently Colonel Bonner was born under a political star. The day he was born marked the assembling of the first republican state convention in Ohio. It is said that just forty 'years later to the day Colonel Bonner as chairman of the State Central Committee opened the republican state convention at Zanesville, Ohio, and introduced to the assembly the Hon. John Sherman as its chairman, Mr. Sherman having been presiding officer of that first convention. Colonel Bonner has been very prominent during the past thirty years in republican organizations and has again and again received distinctive honors. For two years he was a member of the Central Committee of Toledo and one year its chairman, for six years was on the Central Committee of Lucas County, and three years its chairman, and from 1893 to 1895 was chairman of the Republican State Central Committee. In 1888 he was alternate delegate to the Republican National Convention, and gave his loyal support to Hon. John Sherman for the presidential nomination. He was secretary of the executive committee of the republican clubs that received President Benjamin Harrison on his visit to Toledo. He projected the undertaking and was chairman of the arrangement committee which had charge of the first McKinley train ever run, on October 27, 1891, conducting McKinley, then candidate for governor, from Sandusky to Toledo. In 1896 he was a member of the Presidential Electoral College. Throughout Mr. McKinley's term as governor he was a colonel on the governor's staff. He was assistant adjutant general of the McKinley Club's demonstration and parade at the St. Louis National Convention, and later organized the McKinley Campaign Republican clubs of Toledo with a membership of over eight thousand. As grand marshal of these organizations he was largely responsible for the largest parade and political. demonstration ever witnessed in Northwestern Ohio. Colonel Bonner was the originator and most active in the McKinley Monument Association which built by popular subscription, voluntarily contributed by 26,000 people in one day, a monument to the martyred president in the Courthouse Park at Toledo. For meritorious service as brigade marshal at President Roosevelt's inaugural and as division marshal at inaugural of President Taft at Washington, he received honorary commissions at hands of General Bell of U. S. Army as a brigadier general and later as a major general and was colonel of a provisional regiment in Spanish-American war. Colonel Bonner held the position Collector of Customs at Toledo from 1900 to 1910. For the past fourteen years he has been president of the Toledo Stock Exchange, and is chairman of the Toledo Civic Federation. His chief business association at present is as a member of the banking firm Bonner & Company, dealers in bonds. In 1892 he organized the Ohio State Naval Reserve Association, of which he has since been a life member and president. It was this association which brought about the legislative enactment providing for the establishment of the Ohio Naval Reserve Militia. Out of this was formed in. July, 1896, the First Battalion of Ohio Naval Reserves at Toledo, and Colonel Bonner's name headed the first list of applicants to the governor for muster. Colonel Bonner owns a farm of 375 acres near Chillicothe, and four generations of the 2258 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO family have owned this place. Part of the farm is within the city limits of Chillicothe. Colonel Bonner is a member of the Toledo Club, the Toledo Commerce Club, and of the Ohio Society of New York. He is an active member and former trustee of th.e Collingwood Presbyterian Church, and an honorary member. of the Toledo. Press Club. In 1878 he married Miss Nellie Turney Bell, daughter of Hugh Bell, a prominent stockman and land owner of Chillicothe. Mrs. Bonner. also represents a patriotic family. She is descended from Jonathan Slocum., who suffered death at the hands of the Indians in the Wyoming Valley massacre during the Revolutionary war. Jonathan Slocum's daughter, Frances, endured long captivity. among the Indians- following that massacre. These -sacrifices. on the part of the Slocum family were made the subject of special mention in a memorial by Congress in 1837. Mrs. Bonner is also -a granddaughter of George Renick, who was one of the founders of the city of Chillicothe and was a personal friend of Henry Clay. To Mrs. Bonner is the credit of giving the name " Clean-up Day"—a day inaugurated -by the Toledo Civic Federation May 1, 1.910, and which today throughout the United States is celebrated, •annually, in substantially all municipalities and hamlets in this country as -a general house :cleaning occasion. Colonel- and Mrs. Bonner have one daughter, Dorothy, now Mrs. William Bolles of Toledo. To Mrs. Bolles belongs the honor of having unveiled the memorial to 'William McKinley. JOHN C. A. LEPPELMAN. It is as the founder of one of West Toledo's most important industries that John C. A. Leppelman has special distinction in the industrial affairs of Northwestern Ohio. He is secretary and treasurer of the Consolidated Pump Company of West Toledo, and this business, which he practically owns and. controls, has been developed through various stages, beginning exclusively as a. pump manufacturing concern, but now producing a line of apparatus, particularly ladders, which are used and have a standard reputation in the trade throughout the United States. The Consolidated Pump Company, Incorporated, is located at the corner of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway track and Sylvania. Avenue in West Toledo. The company was incorporated in 1908 and operates with a capital of $25,000. While Mr. Leppelman owns nearly all the stock and is secretary and treasurer, the president is Edward Tibbetts. Mr. Leppelman has been engaged in the pump manufacturing business in Toledo for more than a quarter of a century. Several years ago the company established a branch for the manufacture of ladders, and the plant is. today the largest concern for that output in Ohio, and one of the largest in the country. The trade name by which the products of this company are so widely known and distributed. is "Red Head," and those familiar particularly with the various types of extension ladder recognize this name as a standard of mechanical excellence and durability. Mr. Leppelman was born at Maumee in Lucas County, Ohio, April 24, 1870, a son of Emil and Olive K. (Allen) Leppelman. Both parents are now deceased. His mother was a daughter of the late John Church Allen, one of: the most prominent early pioneers of Maumee, whose career is sketched on other pages. John C. A. Leppelman, who was named for his paternal: grandfather, a pioneer of Fremont, had as his father one of the early manufacturers of sewing machines in Ohio. His father conducted a plant at Fremont, Ohio, for many years. From Fremont he removed to Atlanta, Kansas, where he died in 1905. Mr. Leppelman's mother died at Washington, D. C., March .9, 1886. The parents were married in Maumee in 1867. The only child of his parents John C. A. Leppelman grew up in Toledo, attended the public schools there, and then spent a few years in the West at various locations and at different lines of employment. For the last twenty-five-years his home has been in Toledo and throughout that time he has been engaged in the line of business already noted. He organized the Consolidated Pump Company of West Toledo in 1890. The output for several years was hand pumps, and the Consolidated pumps have been distributed and are in use in all parts of the United States. About fifty persons are employed in the plant. In politics Mr. Leppelman is a republican, has been a trustee of Toledo Lodge No. 53 Benevolent Protective Order of Elks since 1.908, is also affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, and is a member of the West Toledo Commerce Club. On February 20, 1895, he married Miss Anne F. Schrink of Toledo, where she. was born and educated. Her father, Ferdinand Schrink, died in Toledo a number of years HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 2259 ago, and her mother, Frances (Kreiter) Schrink, is still living in that city. Mrs. Leppelman graduated from the Central High School at Toledo in 1892, and is an active member of the Woman's Club of Toledo and other organizations of women, and belongs to the Cathedral Chapel parish. Mr. and Mrs. Leppelman reside at 662 West Delaware Avenue. For recreation he finds his home and business the chief standbys, and outside of those he particularly enjoys the social fellowship of the Elks Club. Mr. Leppelman and wife are the parents of three children : Olive F., who graduated from the Ursuline Convent of Toledo in the class of 1914; Helen Aileen, now 'a student in the Scott High School; and Catherine M. HON. JOHN P. MANTON. Now serving his second term as Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Lucas County, in the careful and conscientious administration of the of Judge Manton has realized an important goal of life's ambition. He began doing for himself at the age of fifteen, gained most of his education by hard study while earning a living, and for years his career was one of undaunted struggle toward a higher aim. His record as a judge has been of the highest quality of service. In 1914 he was elected to a second term of six years by a large majority over several candidates. This was a convincing proof that his constituents are well pleased with his record. He represents good family stock, and his maternal grandparents were numbered among the early settlers of Toledo. Judge Manton's mother, Jane (Reilly) Manton, who was brought to Toledo when one year old, is still living and resides on Rockingham Street in that city. Judge Manton's grandfather came from Ireland, was a stone mason by trade, and before coming to Ohio was employed in the construction of the Erie Canal. Thomas Manton, father of Judge Manton, was a native of Ireland, was a contracting mason, and died in Toledo in 1892. Of their sixteen children only four reached maturity : Judge Manton ; Mrs. T. J. Bradley of Toledo; Mrs. Mary J. Printy ; and Edward H., who died at the age of twenty-one. At the age of fifteen Judge Manton fin, ished his education so far as formal schooling went. He. had attended the parochial schools and St. Patrick's Academy. For about a year after that he was a clerk in the grocery store of Eagan Brothers in Toledo, afterwards he was for eighteen months a bookkeeper for Herman Severance, was next shipping clerk with the Toledo Pump Company, and then successively yard clerk in Toledo for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and bill clerk in the office, remaining with the Pennsylvania company three years. He then became bill clerk with the Wheeling & Lake Erie, and was in the accounting department of the Cincinnati, Jackson & Mackinaw. Always seeking better, opportunities, he spent two years as assistant secretary of the Toledo City Natural Gas Company, and for 4 ½ years during President Cleveland's administration was in the internal revenue collector's office. It was while in the revenue collector's .office that Judge Manton finally Succeeded in securing to himself those opportunities for preparation for the law which he had long coveted. After office hours he bent his mind with characteristic persistence and energy to the study of law, and after several years of hard work qualified himself for admission to the bar. He was admitted "to practice in March, 1898, and in the following June became associated with Joseph P. Hanley under the firm name of Hanley & Manton; which continued two years. During this time he did his: premier work as a lawyer and acquired a recognized standing in the Lucas County bar. Beginning in 1900 he was for two years in the city solicitor's office under Moses Bradley, and in January, 1906, beCame second assistant city solicitor under, Charles H. Northrup., While still in that :office iii the fall of 1908 he was nominated on the democratic ticket for judge of the Court of Common Pleas and received a gratifying majority at the election. It was a tribute to his personal qualities and his recognized qualifications for the office, since usually the opposition party polled. a plurality such as few democratic candidates were able to overcome. Judge Manton began his service as Common Pleas Judge January 1, 1909, and at the same date in 1915 began his second term. While a democrat in national affairs, Judge Manton has usually been aligned with the progressive and independent element in local politics and represents, the ideals and practice of that modern: brand of politics which has as its ideal a thorough service to the people rather than the personal benefit of the officeholder. Judge Manton succeeded the late Judge Harmon as dean: of the law department of St. John's University. He is a member of 2260 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO St. Patrick's Catholic Church and of the Knights of Columbus. May 10, 1885, Judge Manton married Miss Matilda M. Goulden of Toledo. They are the parents of eight children, four sons and four daughters : James P., Mary Lucile, Thomas R. Monica, Virginia, John Paul, Joseph E. and Jane. The son Thomas has followed in the footsteps of his father and is now practicing law in Toledo. Judge Manton and family reside at 2476 Lawrence Avenue. EDWARD HUBER. That Marion is now one of Ohio's chief manufacturing and industrial centers is due on the whole to many circumstances and individuals but perhaps no one man could have claimed a greater share for all these activities and the prosperity that followed them than the late Edward Huber, founder of the great Huber Manufacturing Company and some half dozen other local industries. In many ways his career is typical of American genius. He was born of poor but honest parents, lived the plain and simple annals of the poor during his youth, and perfected his genius by constant rubbing against adversity. He was born in Dearborn County, Indiana, September 1, 1837, and died in his sixty-eighth year at Marion, August 26, 1904. His parents were Philip and Mary (Hurm) Huber, both natives of Germany. The father came to the United States with three brothers when a young man. He was a cabinet maker by trade and his skill at tools was undoubtedly inherited by his son. He followed his trade in Philadelphia and later settled on a farm in Dearborn County, Indiana. His wife Mary Hurm came to the United States in 1834. Dearborn County, Indiana, is in the southern part of that state, and during the youth of Edward Huber was a remote and somewhat backwoods locality. He had little opportunity to attend school and his education was more technical and industrial than bookish. He learned to handle all the tools found in his father's blacksmith and cabinet shop on the farm and he early determined to become a blacksmith by trade. For eight years he worked at this vocation, and he put in many hours that would not be included in the union schedule of today. He used his spare time in giving bent to his genius for designing and inventing things. Many devices were hammered out on his anvil, and while many of them had no practical value, the entire experience was at least as valuable as a source of training as a manual training course would be today. The first important achievement of his career as an inventor was the perfection of a hay rake. This implement had decided merits in advance of anything on the market at that time, and being convinced of its superiority he left no stone unturned to secure capital for its manufacture. Mr. Huber located at Marion in 1865, and in a short time had secured enough men and capital, to organize a company. This company at first manufactured only the hay rake. They began under the name of Kowalke, Hammerle & Company, Mr. Huber being the junior partner. In 1870 the firm was changed to Huber, Gunn & Company, and that continued until the organization of the Huber Manufacturing Company, with a capital stock of $75,000. The Huber Manufacturing Company made not only the hay rake but many other agricultural implements and machinery that were the direct outgrowth and invention of Mr. Huber. By many years of constant use world wide fame has come to the Huber Threshing Machine and engines, and today the name of Huber is best known in connection with agricultural machinery. Having seen his primary industry grow to great proportions and success Mr. Huber lent his influence and enterprise to many other local industries, among the most notable of which was The Marion. Steam Shovel Company. He was one of the founders of this company and its first president, serving for twenty years. During this period of service, foundations were laid and policies established which since have made this Marion's largest industry, and the world's largest producer of heavy excavating machinery. He was founder and president of the Marion Malleable Iron Works, was one of the founders and president of the Automatic Boiler Feeder Company, was president of the Marion Steam Shovel Company, president of the Marion Implement Company, president of the Marion National Bank and vice president of the Marion Milling and Grain Company. With all his success he remained to the last a man of plain and simple tastes and was generous of his means in behalf of charity of a practical nature, especially in the nature of assisting worthy men to acquire homes of their own. He was interested in the first building and loan association at Marion and very frequently used his influence to help men to acquire homes of their own. HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 2261 On October 30, 1865, Mr. Edward Huber married Miss Elizabeth Hammerle, who with two children survive him. These children are Frank A. and Catherine. Frank A. Huber, the only son, is today one of Marion's foremost business executives, being vice president and treasurer of the Marion Steam Shovel Company, a director in a number of the city's banks and industrial institutions, and prominent in many other organizations. OLIVER B. SNIDER. The part taken by Oliver B. Snider in the affairs of Northwest Ohio has been that of an able and conscientious lawyer, whose affiliations have always been straightforward and honorable, and who for more than thirty years has enjoyed a position among the leaders of the Toledo bar. He came into his profession through the avenue of hard work, and industry as well as ability has accounted for his rising reputation in legal circles throughout Northwest Ohio. He was born on a farm near Chalmers, Indiana, November 22, 1858, a son of Samuel G. and Fannie (Bond) Snider. His parents were both born in Wayne County, Indiana, and though they celebrated their sixtieth wedding anniversary, his mother is still in good health. His father died in December, 1916. As a boy Oliver B. Snider attended the Battle Ground Academy and the Stockwell Academy in Indiana, and in 1879 entered with the class of 1883 DePauw University at Greencastle, Indiana. However, he left college before graduating and has since made his home in Toledo. Studying law, he was admitted to practice by the Supreme Court of Ohio in 1883, and he has now given thirty-four years of his life to his professional interests. His law offices are in the Nicholas Building. In his wide range of general practice one case is especially noteworthy. He was counsel together with Harry E. King and Clayton W. Everett for Messinger in the somewhat famous cases of Anderson v. Messinger and Anderson v. United Realty Company. The litigation was prolonged eight years. It involved the construction of a will and other features of title to a block of valuable real estate in Toledo. It finally passed to the Supreme Court of the United States at Washington, and resulted in a victory for Messinger. As somewhat out of the ordinary, Mr. Snider has recently negotiated and helped prepare two lengthy ninety-nine year leases for real estate in the heart of the city, one being Vol. III-59 for the late Mrs. Hetty Green of New York shortly prior to her death. For three years prior to February 1, 1916, Mr. Snider was president of the Toledo Alumni Chapter of the Sigma Chi college fraternity. He has been president for the last five years of the Toledo Tennis Club, a game in which he finds his chief recreation aside from business. Though a Presbyterian he attends the Trinity Episcopal Church at Toledo, his wife being a member there. Politically he has always been a strong republican, and believes today as always in the protection of American industries. On April 25, 1908, at Toledo, he married May Allison Bullard, daughter of Ernest M. and Janet Bullard. After the death of her father her mother married the late Harvey Scribner, a well known lawyer and writer of Toledo. V. M. RIEGEL, now county superintendent of schools of Marion County, has been identified with school work for twenty years or more, and by education is also a well trained and qualified lawyer, though his preferences so far have been exercised in the field of teaching. Mr. Riegel was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, May 20, 1876, a son of J. M. and Mary (Norris) Riegel. His grandfather, George Riegel, was a native of Berks County, Pennsylvania, and subsequently moved to Fairfield County, Ohio, where he became a well to do farmer. The maternal grandfather, William Norris, was a native of Maryland and is also an early settler in Fairfield County, Ohio. Professor Riegel's parents were both born in Fairfield County, his father in 1847 and his mother in 1848. They were substantial farming people, were married in Fairfield County, and since retiring have lived in Cridersville. They are members of the Reformed Church and the father is a democrat in politics. Of their four children, three are now living : V. M. ; Ralph, a teacher at Cridersville ; and Purril, who is teaching at Allentown, Ohio. V. M. Riegel spent his early life on his father's farm. He attended the country schools and the Pleasantville Academy, and then at intervals for three years he taught district school while attending the National Normal University at Lebanon, Ohio, from which he graduated in 1897. After that Mr. Riegel completed a course in law in the Ohio State University and was admitted to the bar in 1899. His work as a teacher was done in 2262 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO Fairfield County, at Dunbridge and Haskins in Wood County, and in 1910 he took charge of the schools at Prospect. He was soon recognized as one of the leading school men of Marion County and in 1914 was promoted from the Prospect schools to his present position as county superintendent. He was reelected in 1916. In 1902 Mr. Riegel married Miss Blanche Mears. She was born in Putnam County, Ohio. Their three children are named Ormington, Alice and Paul. Both are members of the Presbyterian Church, and Mr. Riegel is affiliated with the Masons, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias and the Benevolent and Protective' Order of Elks. In politics he is a democrat. HON. JOHN A. KEY of Marion, present congressman from the Eighth Ohio District, is a man of exceptional qualifications for the post of honor he now enjoys and for the responsibilities devolving upon every member of Congress. He was born at Marion December 30, 1871, a son of George and Margaret (Davidson) Key. He is of pure Scotch ancestry. His grandfather, Henry Key, spent all his life in Scotland. George Key was born in Forfarshire, Scotland, December 30, 1838, and died December 8, 1898. He came to Ohio in 1866, locating at Akron, Ohio, where he followed his trade as a blacksmith for some years. While living in Summit County he married. Miss Davidson, who was born in Dundee, Scotland, June 18, 1844, and is still living. In 1871 they removed to Marion; Ohio, where the father conducted a blacksmith shop until his death. He and his wife were Scotch Presbyterians and fraternally he was affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks', and a charter member of Lodge. No. 32 Knights of Pythias, and a member of the Royal Arcanum. In politics he was a democrat. He was a man of substantial character and made comfortable provision for his family through his industrious work. Of his six children three are living : John A. ; ,George F., a horseshoer who lived in Marion for some years ; and Amy V., wife of J. C. Turner, a, hardware merchant at Continental, Putnam County, Ohio. John A. Key graduated from the Marion High School with the class of 1889. He then began a practical journeyman experience in newspaper work and was employed on the Star, the old Marion Mirror, now the Tribune, and the Marion Independent. He left news paper work to become city fetter carrier in Marion, which position he held from 1897 to 1903, and then went into the office of county recorder, to which he was elected two terms. Mr. Key's first experience in Washington was as private secretary to the late Congressman Carl C. Anderson of Fostoria. In 1912 Mr. Key was elected member of Congress from the old Thirteenth Congressional District. After the redistricting of Ohio he was re-elected this time from the Eighth District in 1914, and 1916 again received a handsome endorsement for a third term. Mr. Key is foreman of the committee on pensions and has served on a number of important committees in Congress. He has long been a force and power in the democratic party in the county and was formerly chairman of the county committee. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church and is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, having served as chancellor of the latter, and also belong to Lodge 864, Independent Order of Odd Fellows. July 10, 1906, Mr. Key married Cora M. Edwards, daughter of William and Mary Edwards, who formerly lived at Columbus, where Mrs. Key was born, but who now reside in Marion. Mr. and Mrs. Key have two children, John C. and Mary M., both of whom are attending school. DANA O. WEEKS, M. D. For a quarter of a century Doctor Weeks has enjoyed a high position as a physician and surgeon at Marion. Every influence and circumstance of his early life contrived to make Doctor Weeks a physician. His father was a distinguished member of that profession, as was also his maternal grandfather. The late Dr. Oliver W. Weeks, father of Dr. Dana O. died at his home in Marion January 11, 1903, at the age of sixty-one. He was born in Delaware County, Ohio, May 22, 1841, a son of Samuel C. and Jane (Cunningham) Weeks. Samuel Weeks was a native of Maryland and his wife of Pennsylvania. In 1830 the family came to Ohio, living in Licking County, and after 1838 in Delaware County. In 1867 Samuel Weeks and wife retired to Caledonia in Marion County, where both of them died, Dr. Oliver W. Weeks, one of a family of seven children, had only the limited advantages of the schools in his community during his youth. At the age of sixteen he was given HISTORY OF. NORTHWEST OHIO - 2263 a license as a teacher and taught school until the war. On August 13, 1862, he enlisted in Company A of the One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Infantry. A few weeks later he participated with his regiment in the battle of Perryville, Kentucky, and received a severe wound in that engagement. The wound and subsequent exposure brought on severe illness, and he never afterwards enjoyed normal health, though he was permitted many years of useful service. He was for many months in a hospital and finally was made chief clerk in the medical director's office at Columbus, where he remained until honorably discharged January 19, 1864. He had become interested in medicine about the time he reached manhood. On leaving the army he located at Richwood, where he engaged in the drug business. He took his first course of medical lectures in Starling Medical College at Columbus, and his second course at Cincinnati, where he was graduated in 1865. On February 29, 1876, he was granted the Ad Eundem degree by the Columbus Medical College. In 1872 he received the honorary degree Master of Science from Bethany College, West Virginia. On November 22, 1866, Doctor Weeks was appointed assistant assessor of District No. 1.2 of the Eighth Internal Revenue Collection District of Ohio. In the meantime he practiced in Delaware County, later in Caledonia, Marion County, and in 1878 moved to the City of Marion, where he was active in his profession until his death. He served as president of the Marion County Medical Society, was a member of the Ohio State Medical Association, the American Medical Association, and in 1893 was a representative to the Pan-American Medical Congress. For several years he was a member of the Marion City Council and was a stanch republican in his political activities. His church home was the First Christian Church at Marion. Fraternally he was a member of the Ohio Lodge No. 447, Free and Accepted Masons of Caledonia, the Chapter and Commandery at Marion ; a member of Canby Lodge No. 51, Knights of Pythias, the Royal Arcanum and was especially prominent. in the Grand Army of the Republic, having been elected medical director of the Department of Ohio, and afterward was elected surgeon general of the Grand Army of the Republic. Much credit is due him for the erection of the Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Chapel in the Marion Cemetery. He was also surgeon of the Fifth Regiment, Uniform Rank Knights of Pythias, past brigadier surgeon of the Uniform Rank. The Masonic Lodge at Caledonia was named after this capable and distinguished physician. He was at one time member of the Board of Examiners for application to the United States Military Academy and the Annapolis Naval Academy for the eighteenth and thirteenth Ohio Congressional districts. He also served as pension examiner during the administrations of Harrison, McKinley and Roosevelt and during part of Cleveland's administration. On September 4, 1865, Dr. Oliver W. Weeks married. at Tiffin, Ohio, Flora S. Dana, who survived her late husband and is still living in Marion. Her father Dr. Marcus Dana was graduated from. Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1848, and for many years occupied a place of enviable prominence in the medical profession in Ohio. Dr. Dana O. Weeks, only child of the late Dr. Oliver W. Weeks and wife, was born at Caledonia in Marion County, Ohio, December 16, 1866. Doctor Weeks attended Wooster University 1887-8-9, and was a member of the class of 1891 and graduated in 1892 from the Ohio State Medical College at Columbus, there known as the Columbus Medical College. He. was awarded the prize thesis on the Feeding of Infants. Much of his practice in later years-has been in the specialty of diseases of women and children, and is medical examiner for a. large number of life insurance companies.. Doctor Weeks began practice at Marian in 1892. He has always kept in close touch with the profession, has attended the Chicago Post. Graduate Medical School and Hospital and the New York Post-Graduate School and Hospital, has been president of the Northwest Ohio Medical Association and for two terms was councillor of the Third District of the Ohio State Medical Association. He is a member of the Marion County Medical Society, the Ohio State Medical Society, the Mississippi Valley Medical Association, the American Medical Association and the American Public' Health Association. He belongs to the Phi. Kappa Psi Library College fraternity. In 1893 Doctor Weeks married Miss Gertrude Douglas, a native of Ohio and daughter of James J. Douglas, who was a locomotive engineer and pulled the first train over the. Chicago and Erie Railway, now the main line of the Erie Railway System. Doctor and Mrs. Weeks have two children : Oliver Douglas,. now a member of the senior class of the Ohio, 2264 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO Wesleyan University at Delaware and also affiliated with Phi Kappa Psi fraternity ; and Frank D., aged fourteen, and now attending the Marion High School. In politics Doctor Weeks is a stanch republican. He has served a few years as health officer of Marion, and after the expiration of his term, was appointed a member of the Board of Health having served continuously during both republican and democratic administrations, to the present time (1917). FRANK P. RIEGLE. A lawyer by profession, a former member of the State Legislature, Frank P. Riegle's chief responsibilities at present are as active head of the Commercial Bank and Savings Company of Bowling Green. Mr. Riegle has been connected with this institution for a dozen years. He was at first member of the board of directors, and afterwards vice president until the death of Mr. A. E. Royce in November, 1914. The board soon afterward elected him as. Mr. Royce's successor. Since he became president the bank has had a notable increase of business and prestige. The capital stock has been increased a third, and now stands at $100,000, all paid in. The deposits aggregate over $1,000,000. The bank home is still in the same building where it was started about a quarter of a century ago. The Commercial Bank and Savings Company according to a recent statement has total resources of approximately $1,200,000. It is one of the strongest and best conducted financial institutions in Wood county. Mr. Riegle has been a resident of Bowling Green for the past sixteen years. He came to the city as a lawyer, and for a number of years practiced with J. O. Troup and subsequently as a partner with Ray D. Avery. In 1899 Mr. Riegle was elected to the State Legislature on the republican ticket and served two successive terms. He was a member of the school committee through both sessions and in the last term was chairman of the judiciary committee. Mr. Riegle was born in Jackson Township Wood County, Ohio, May 14, 1870. His early education in the public schools was supplemented by a course in Kenyon College, subsequently in the Ohio Northern University and then the law department of the Ohio State University, where he was graduated in 1899. The following year he was admitted to the bar and quickly established his reputation as an able counselor and advocate after coming to Bowling Green. Mr. Riegle is of German ancestry on his father's side and of Scotch in the maternal line. He is a son of Jefferson and Sarah A. (Gilmer) Riegle, the former a native of Wyandot County, Ohio, and the latter of Pennsylvania. Their respective families were pioneers in Delaware Township of Hancock County, where they built themselves log cabin homes in the woods and improved a considerable area of the farming section in that county. The grandparents lived out their lives in Hancock County. Jefferson Riegle and his wife met and married in Hancock County and for several years lived as farmers there. At the first call for troops in 1861 Jefferson Riegle volunteered his services and was in the war practically from the very beginning until the close. He was first a member of Company H of the Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry and during the last two years was detailed as a sharpshooter of the Seventh Company, Twenty-first Regiment. His honorable discharge was granted in the spring of 1865. He was with General Sherman's army in the famous march to the sea and participated in every engagement in which his regiment was present. He had a slight gunshot wound but otherwise escaped unhurt. His record as a soldier is one that his descendants will always cherish. He was not the only soldier of his family. He had four brothers who were in the war, Martin, in the Twenty-ninth Ohio Infantry, Philip in the Fifty-second Ohio, Elias in the Fifty-seventh, and Washington, who died of illness while in the service. The other brothers were all wounded, some of them severely, but lived to come home. After the war was over Jefferson Riegle returned to his wife and two children in Hancock County. His wife was born in Allegany County, Pennsylvania. Her grandfather, William. Gilmer, Sr., was of Scotch stock, and lived for many years on a farm in Allegany County, Pennsylvania. Both he and his wife died there when past a hundred years of age. William Gilmer, Jr., father of Mrs. Jefferson Riegle, was born in Allegany County, and married there Miss Sarah or Sally Ballard. In 1852 the Gilmer family made the overland journey with wagons and teams to Ohio, locating as pioneers in Hancock County. They improved a body of land from the forest, their first home was a log cabin, and by hard work they made HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 2265 comfortable surroundings for themselves and their children. William Gilmer, Jr., and wife lived to be eighty-four years of age. Their parents were Scotch Presbyterians but they became identified with the Methodist Church and were long active in its behalf. William Gilmer, Jr., was a Whig. Jefferson Riegle for many years carried on an active business as a farmer and sawmill man in Hancock County. Later he went to Arkansas and bought some extensive tracts of timber. There he and his wife and their son established homes in the lumber camps of Arkansas and lived there until the death of Jefferson Riegle, his wife having passed away in 1899. Their bodies were brought back home to Hancock County and they were laid to rest side by side in the old Gilmer Cemetery or in what is known as Gilmer and Riegle Cemetery. Both were active Methodists and he was a democrat. Jefferson Riegle and wife had three sons and two daughters. William, who now lives near the old homestead in Hancock County, is married and has one son, Hal H. John, a resident of Bowling Green, has four children : Stella, Walter, Lillie and Theodore, all of whom are attending school. The third in age is Frank P. Riegle. Lavina is the wife of John Wefts a farmer in Hancock County, and of their four daughters three are now married. Ruth is the wife of John Williams, a machinist at Marion, Ohio, and they have a daughter married and one son still at home. Lillie is the wife of Frank Feathsorth, a Wood County farmer, and has a son, Guy. Frank P. Riegle was married in Wood County to Miss Maggie Dunn, daughter of Samuel and Maggie (Bishop) Dunn. Both parents were natives of Ohio and of Scotch ancestry. The Dunns were a family of educated people and Samuel Dunn, who grew up in Wood County was well known both as a teacher and as an extensive land owner and farmer. He died in Jackson Township March 9, 1907, and his widow passed away two years later. They were members of the Methodist Church and were true Christian people. Mrs. Riegle was graduated from the Deshler public schools and the Ohio Northern University at Ada, and prior to her marriage was a teacher in the Deshler High School. Mr. and Mrs. Riegle have five children. Vivian E. was graduated valedictorian of the class of 1917 in the Bowling Green High School, and is now a student in the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware. Margaret S., aged sixteen, is a junior in the Bowling Green High School. Horace D., aged fifteen, is a sophomore in the high school. Florence L., aged twelve, is in the seventh grade, and Robert G., aged ten, is in the fifth grade. The older children have distinguished themselves as students, and have taken some of the first honors in the competitive contests of the city schools. All the family are active members of the Methodist Church. Mr. Riegle. is a republican and in 1916 was candidate of that party for Congress from this district, being defeated by a very small majority. HON. WARREN G. HARDING. While long a distinguished figure in his own state, it was not until the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1916 that Senator Warren G. Harding really became nationally known in the full sense of the term. In that convention he was on the program to deliver the "Keynote Address" and while that was only one of his many influential activities in the convention and the subsequent campaign it definitely fixed his name in the minds and imagination of the American people. Senator Harding was born at Corsica, Morrow County, Ohio, November 2, 1865, a son of George Tryon and Phebe Elizabeth (Dickerson) Harding. His father was a successful physician, and in 1871 located at Caledonia in Marion County, where he engaged in the practice of his profession and finally removed to the City of Marion. Senator Harding was educated in the public schools of Caledonia and from 1879 to 1882 was a student of the old Ohio Central College at Iberia. He received the degree Bachelor of Science from that institution and while in college was editor of the Spectator, a college paper. His success in the management of this journal had much to do with fostering and encouraging his natural inclination in the direction of newspaper work. He taught school for a time, also read law, but abandoned the idea of that profession and thus the law lost a most promising disciple. Senator Harding is a veteran newspaper man and has long been regarded as one of the ablest writers, most logical thinkers and orators in Ohio. He actively entered the field of journalism at Marion in 1884 as local editor of the Marion Mirror. In November of the same year he bought the Marion Daily Star, and in 1885 began the publication of a weekly edition. For a number of years he has been 2266 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO president of the Harding Publishing Company, the company that publishes the Marion Star. The Star is a great newspaper, one of the best in Northwest Ohio, and has long been regarded as one of the chief organs of the republican party. During his younger years as a newspaper man Mr. Harding became increasingly identified with the affairs of his political party but never sought honors for himself until his newspaper business was firmly established. In the summer of 1899 he was nominated for state senator from the Thirteenth District, including the counties of Logan, Union, Marion and Hardin. He was elected and reelected in 1901, and was the first person in the district to break the one term rule. He served through two full terms, from 1900 to 1904. In June, 1903, at the Republican State Convention at Columbus he was nominated by acclamation for the office of lieutenant governor, and was elected and proved a most capable and dignified presiding officer over the Senate during the Seventy-sixth General Assembly. In 1910 Mr. Harding was the republican nominee for governor of Ohio, but was defeated that year by Mr. Harmon. As a culmination of his political career came his election to the United States Senate from Ohio for the term beginning in 1915 and ending. in 1921. While one of the younger members of the Senate he is today easily one of the leaders in effective influence and work in the solution of the grave national problems before our Government and Nation. Senator Harding is a member of the Baptist Church and belongs to the Marion Club at Marion. He married July 8, 1891, Florence Kling of Marion, Only daughter of Amos H. Kling. PHILLIP WILTON EWING during a long and honorable participation in local business affairs at Findlay has promoted himself from the ranks of a worker until he is now a controlling factor in several of that city's institutions, being president of the First National Bank and president of the Ohio Bank and Savings Company. Of Pennsylvania German stock, he was born in Pleasant Township of Hancock County, December. 29, 1863, and spent his early life on a farm, where he attended 'country schools and the Findlay High School and on leaving school was granted a certificate to teach, a vocation he followed two years. His real inclination and talent were for business and he gained his first experience as clerk in a dry goods store at Findlay. Several years later he started in business for himself under the name of Dillinger & Ewing at Findlay, and was a member of that firm for eight or nine years. He was also a figure in local politics, being a democrat, and in 1899 was elected clerk of the court and re-elected to the office in 1902. Mr. Ewing now has upwards of a hundred oil wells under his management and was very active in the oil business from 1902 to 1912. He then reorganized the City Bank of Findlay as the Ohio Bank and Savings Company, and has since been its president. In October, 1915, he and associates bought a controlling interest in the First National Bank, and he was elected president. Thus he is at the head of two of the leading financial concerns of Hancock County, and is a strong and conservative force in local business affairs. He is now an independent in politics, is a member of the First Presbyterian Church, and belongs to several clubs. Unlike many successful men, Mr. Ewing credits a great deal of his prosperity to luck, though others would probably say that hard work and a steadfast purpose have been controlling factors in his destiny as in the career of every human life. In 1885 he married Miss Annette Poe, daughter of Nelson Poe, a farmer of Liberty Township, Hancock County. Mrs. Ewing now owns 103 acres of land which was originally a tract of Government land and was acquired by her grandfather in the very early days. Mr. and Mrs. Ewing have two children : Mrs. David Kirk o Findlay ; and Edgar P., now assistant cashier of the Ohio Bank and Savings Company. PHILANDER C. BEARD. At his death in Toledo; April 21, 1910, Philander C. Beard was the oldest member of the Lucas County bar, and for a great many years, in fact until a short time before his death, was senior member of the law firm of Beard and Beard. Eighty-one years of age at the time of his death, he had spent a long and useful career in Ohio. He was of a pioneer family, and his life had run concurrently with many of the most interesting epochs in the state's history. In earlier years he was noted as an abolitionist, and later equally known for his ardent advocacy of the cause of temperance. He was a fine lawyer, but was most widely esteemed and is most deserving of memory for his nobility and depth of character. HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 2267 A native of Morrow County, Ohio, where he was born March 4, 1829, his parents, Reuben And Eliza Beard, came from the East and established a home in Ohio not long after the opening of the Northwest Territory to settlement. They represented the best type of American citizenship and were people of culture and high ideals in spite of the circumscribed life which they lived on the frontier. Born in a log cabin Philander C. Beard spent all his early years in a home of simple comforts but in an atmosphere conducive to the formation of right purposes and high character. His parents were able to afford him such advantages as was given by the district schools, and it was largely his perseverance and determination that opened up a larger career to him. He qualified as a teacher, taught for several years in Morrow County and adjacent districts, and with his earnings had one year of training in Oberlin College. He went out from the college walls and resumed his work as a teacher and in 1850 was elected justice of the peace for Bennington Township. In the meantime he had assiduously pursued the study of law as opportunity offered and in 1852 was admitted to the bar. Thus he had been a member of the Ohio bar for more than fifty years. After successfully practicing his profession for more than a quarter of a century in Morrow, Knox and Delaware counties, Mr. Beard in 1878 moved to Toledo and engaged in practice with his son, Ellsworth M. Beard. He entered upon the stage of active life about the time the old whig party was dissolving and events were rapidly bringing about a crystalization of opinion and a realignment of political forces which resulted in the republican party. By birth and train- ing Mr. Beard became identified with the anti-slavery movement, and this sympathy was re-enforced by the year spent at Oberlin College, which was one of the most important strongholds of abolitionists. The history of the underground railway through Ohio could not well be written without reference to this vigorous young lieutenant in the service and it is said that he himself was instrumental in taking many fugitive slaves to freedom. After the slavery question was definitely settled by the war Mr. Beard espoused with the same ardor and earnestness the cause of temperance. When he came to Toledo and began the practice of law he was warned by his friends that his professional practice would. suffer if he persisted in his advocacy of temperance, but he nevertheless remitted not one whit of his zeal and he canvassed Toledo and all. Northwestern Ohio making speeches for temperance and condemning the liquor traffic. The predictions of his friends proved true at the beginning, but eventually his firm stand brought about a reaction to his -benefit and he enjoyed a large and select clientage from the best class of citizens. The late Mr. Beard was one of the most active members of the Washington Street Congregational Church after 1884, and the society had no stronger member, one more devoted to the essentials of Christianity or who lived according to his ideals and lights more strictly every day and every hour. Mrs. Lucette Beard, widow of the late Philander C. Beard, died at the home of her son, Ellsworth M., in Toledo January 28, 1914, at the age of seventy-three. They had enjoyed a long companionship and together they built up a home and trained to worthy careers their sons and daughters. Mrs. Beard before her marriage was Lucette Manville. She was also an active worker in the Washington Street Congregational Church. To their marriage were born seven children, one of whom died in infancy, while the others are : Rev. Reuben A., now pastor of the First Congregational Church at Fargo, North Dakota ; Mrs. Loma McCune, a widow living in Toledo ; Ellsworth M., a prominent Toledo attorney ; Vernon V., who for some years has been in the tourist business with the firm of Kinfort, Gelespi & Bond with offices on Broadway, New York City; Charles who lives at Toledo but travels for a wholesale drug firm of Chicago ; Roland A., who is con-. nected with one of the large ice companies at Cleveland. All the children were born in Morrow County, except Roland, the youngest, who is a native of Toledo. ELLSWORTH M. BEARD. A Son of the late veteran lawyer of Toledo, Philander C. Beard, Ellsworth M. Beard has been for more than a quarter of a century actively engaged in practice in that city, was long associated with his father under the firm name of Beard & Beard and as a tribute to that association still conducts his business under the name Beard & Beard. Mr. Beard has for the past twenty years had his offices in the Spitzer Building, and only recently he removed from the fifth to the ninth floor of that building, 2268 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO in order to acquire a much larger suite for the handling of his growing practice. Born in Bloomfield Township, Morrow County, Ohio, February 17, 1862, he is the third of the seven children of the late Philander C. and Lucette (Manville) Beard. While he was reared in a home of many comforts he also experienced some of the vicissitudes which harden determination and re-enforce the sinews of character when he was still a young man. He attended the public schools of Morrow County and of Toledo and was about seventeen when the family came to Toledo. During the unprecedented financial panic of 1873 his father lost everything, and the son, then twenty-one years of age, had to face life on his own account and co-operate in the rehabilitation of the family fortune. For two. years he was a teacher in the public schools of Wood County, Ohio, then applied himself industriously to the study of law under his father, and in 1887 was admitted to the bar at Toledo and at once formed a partnership with his father under the name of Beard & Beard. For many years he has enjoyed a large and high grade general practice as a lawyer. In politics he is independent, and has sturdily worked for the best interests of his home city and for the cause of clean and wholesome municipal government. He is .a member of the Ohio State Bar Association, the National Union and the Toledo Automobile Club. His favorite recreations are horseback riding and golf. Like his father he is devoted to religious work, has for many years been active in the Washington Street. Congregational Church, and is especially prominent in its Sunday School. He was first assistant superintendent of the Sunday School for more than a quarter of a century, and for the past four years has been its superintendent. This Sunday School is the largest in Toledo, having an enrollment of 1,450 members. It is known as the Marion Lawrance Sunday School, having been named in honor of Marion Lawrance who was for thirty-one years superintendent and who is now general secretary of the International Sunday School Association and the world wide leader in Sunday School work. Mr. Beard was assistant for many years while Mr. Lawrance was in charge of the Sunday School and it is an honor of which he may well be proud that he succeeded this notable leader in Sunday School work. In February, 1881, Mr. Beard married Miss Cora Campbell, who before her marriage was a teacher in the Toledo Public schools. She died in 1885, leaving one son, William. E., who is now in the real estate business at Toledo. On July 12, 1889, Mr. Beard married Miss Lillian Donnolly of Toledo. To this union were born four children : Shirley W., who died in December, 1908, at the age of fourteen, and was at that time in the Toledo High School as a student ; Dorothy L., who is a member of the class of 1916 in the Scott High School ; Marion, who died in 1904 at the age of six months ; and Ruth, now attending the grade schools. All the children were born in Toledo. JONAS J. HULSE is cashier of the Commercial National Bank of Upper Sandusky. He has been well known in Wyandot County since early youth. In early life he was a farmer, gaining a college education in the intervals of hard work and has applied himself successfully to larger business affairs. Mr. Hulse was born on a farm on the Carey Road five miles north of Upper Sandusky November 7, 1864. He is the son of Jonas and Lucy (Davis) Hulse and is of German and Welsh stock. His grandfather Silas Hulse came to Wyandot County in the early days, and was for a number of years known as a successful teacher in the crude but effective schools of the pioneers. Silas Hulse died at an early age, leaving his family with but little of this world's goods. Jonas Hulse, Sr., who was one of seven or eight children, was born on a farm in Wyandot County and at an early age he and his brother Jason went to live with Judge Carey near what is now the Town of Carey, where they remained until they were eighteen. Later the family home was established oil a farm near Lovell, and there the sons provided for the comfort of their mother. After the discovery of gold in California, three of the brothers alternated in going to the Pacific Coast as miners, one of them always remaining behind with the widowed mother. When Jonas Hulse returned from his last trip to California around Cape Horn, about 1860, he bought the home farm. There he took his wife after his marriage in 1863, and there he died in August, 1864. His son, Jonas J. Hulse, grew up in the country, attended district schools in the winter time and during the summer seasons 'assisted in the work of the home farm. In 1880, when he was sixteen years of age he first en- HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 2269 tered the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware and took up the classical course. It was not possible for him to remain in school continuously since his presence was required at home in the management of the farm. He managed to keep up his work in spite of long intermissions and in 1891 was graduated A. B. While in college he was a member of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity. His mother, Lucy Olive Hulse, died in Upper Sandusky, in the year 1893. Just prior to this time Mr. Hulse went to Eastern Tennessee, and was there connected with a lumber firm for several years. He returned to Wyandot County in 1900, and promoted the organization of the Commercial National Bank of Upper Sandusky. He became one of its first board of directors, and has been cashier of this strong institution from the beginning. Mr. Hulse is treasurer of the Upper Sandusky Telephone Company, a member of the Board of Library Trustees, and is chairman of the County Executive Committee of the Wyandot County Young Men's Christian Association. Mr. Hulse is one of the prominent laymen of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is a trustee of the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Upper Sandusky and secretary of the Quarterly Conference. His faithfulness in service was recognized by his election as a member of the General Conference of his church in 1916, and by his appointment as a member of the Board of Control of the Epworth League. In 1893 at Harriman, Tennessee, Mr. Hulse married Frances Lilly Durflinger, daughter of Philip and Sarah (Burnham) Durflinger. Mrs. Hulse's people were residents of Madison County, Ohio, and went to Harriman in 1890. Mr. and Mrs. Hulse have three children : Marjory, who was graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University in 1917 ; Alfred Philip, now a member of the junior class of Ohio Wesleyan University, and Frances, born in 1908. HON. JAMES MACKENZIE. One of Northwest Ohio's most distinguished citizens was the late Judge James Mackenzie, who died at Lima May 9, 1901. His career is still continued in business and professional fields at Lima through his sons Eugene C. and William L., both of Lima. Born at Dundee, Scotland, July 14, 1814, James Mackenzie was a son of William Lyon Mackenzie, who was born in Scotland March 12, 1795. In 1820 he removed with his family to Canada and four years later established the Colonial Advocate at Toronto. In 1828 he was elected to the Provincial Parliament and thenceforward he was a leader in Dominion politics and especially in the reformed party. In 1832 he was sent as a delegate to London with a petition of grievances. He was elected the first mayor of Toronto in 1834, and in his public and his private capacity he continued to insist on reform in every branch of the Government. Through his newspaper The Constitution he publicly attacked the lieutenant general of the Dominion. He took an active dart in the insurrection of 1837, heading a band of armed insurgents who demanded a settlement of grievances from the lieutenant general. In consequence of this participation in armed rebellion against the constituted authority of Government he was banished, and he lived in the United States until the amnesty proclamation of 1849. He then returned to Canada, at once resumed his conspicuous place in public affairs, and served as a member of parliament from 1850 to 1858. His death occurred at Toronto in 1861. The late James Mackenzie absorbed the high ideals and many of the characteristics which subsequently distinguished him from his famous father. He learned the printing business in his father's office and was .a young man of twenty-three, when in 1837 he crossed the international boundary line and joined the insurgents along the frontier in the Canadian insurrection of that year. He was his father's closest friend and sympathizer and later he started a paper at Lockport, New York, designed to help the Canadian cause, naming it the Freeman's Advocate. This journal was widely circulated along the frontier, but was discontinued in 1839. Subsequently he was employed as editor by the firm of Vick & Company of Rochester of the daily paper, the Workingmen's Advocate, and when this paper was sold and re-established as the Rochester Advertiser Mr. Mackenzie continued for a time as reporter and local editor. On coming to Ohio. Mr. Mackenzie located at Cleveland, where he resumed the law studies which he had begun in Lockport. spent some time in the office of Bishop & Backus, and was admitted to the bar in 1843. He then removed to Henry County, Ohio, and while awaiting cases he taught school and took an active interest in politics. He was elected township clerk and in 1844 prosecuting attorney, but resigned the latter office in 1845 and removed to Putnam County. Journalism had a 2270 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO stronger hold on him than the law, and in Putnam County he bought the Kalida Venture, a democratic paper which he built up as a widely circulated and influential journal in that and other counties. He continued proprietor of the Kalida Venture for ten years. In the meantime in 1846 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Putnam County and reelected in 1848 and 1850. In 1853 he was elected a member of the Ohio State Legislature, and again in 1856 became prosecuting attorney of Putnam County. He was thus closely identified with the political activities of Ohio during that exciting period of the decade preceding the war.   Judge Mackenzie brought his family to Allen County in 1858 and for 2 ½ years was editor and publisher of the Allen County Democrat. In 1861 and in 1863 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Allen County, and in the fall of 1865 was elected judge of the court of common pleas to supply a vacancy. He was elected to the full term of that office in 1869 and again in 1874. His long term as a judge came to a close in February, 1879, after fourteen years on the bench, and there are still some of the older lawyers in Northwestern Ohio who have a kindly and grateful memory of this just and honorable judge. On retiring from the bench he took up active practice at Lima with Theodore D. Robb as partner. He has been described as a man scrupulously upright and one who never could be convinced that a question was right unless his judgment told him so. This solid judicial sense with a kind of intellectual honesty and freedom from all bias, made him admirably fitted for so responsible a position as that of judge. During the war period he had rendered effective service through his civil office and also on many occasions as a friend of liberty and a supporter of the Union movement. Judge Mackenzie married Lucina P. Leonard. To their union were born seven children, two sons and five daughters. EUGENE C. MACKENZIE. For fully forty years Eugene C. Mackenzie has been one of the leading men in Allen County, both in public and business affairs. He is a former county clerk of the county and is now active manager of one of the leading coal companies of the city. He was born in 1856 at Kalida, Putnam County, Ohio, a son of Judge James Mackenzie, who in 1858 brought his family to Allen County, Ohio. Eugene C. Mackenzie grew up in Allen County, gained a public school education, and in 1876, at the age of twenty became deputy county clerk. After a number of years of experience in that office he was elected in 1882 county clerk and served two terms. He then bought a flour mill at Lima and operated it until 1892 when it was burned. Mr. Mackenzie then became identified with the Manhattan Oil. Company in charge of the. shipping department at the refinery in Wood County. In 1900 on the organization of the Fidelity Coal & Supply Company he became its manager at Lima, and that has been his principal business for the past fifteen years. Mr. Mackenzie is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason. He married Ella Gorton, daughter of William B. Gorton. Their children are Helen M. and James Gorton Mackenzie. The son is an architect by profession but now gives his time chiefly to farming and the real estate business. WILLIAM LEONARD MACKENZIE, of the firm Mackenzie & Weadock, a prominent practicing attorney and a leading factor in several large corporations, is a Ohio man by birth, training and education. Admitted to the bar in 1882, he at once opened an office at Lima, and, through his able qualities as a lawyer, and his stable, popular traits as a man, has continued his progress both in the development of a professional reputation and a profitable legal business. Mr. Mackenzie was born at Lima, Allen County, Ohio, July 10, 1859, and acquired his education in the public schools. The son of Hon. James Mackenzie, a well known =Lima attorney, he pursued his legal studies in the office and under the capable preceptorship of his father, and was admitted to the bar in 1882. His practice has been broad in scope and character, embracing both civil and criminal law, and the formation, development and conservation of large corporations and business interests, and at various times he has been connected with others in professional partnerships, the present firm of Mackenzie & Weadock consisting of Mr. Mackenzie, James J. Weadock, Ralph P. Mackenzie and Paul T. Landis. The offices of the concern are in the Holmes Building. Mr. Mackenzie has not sought preferment in public life, but served two (2) terms in the capacity of city solicitor during the early years of his practice.. He was appointed by Governor Cox as a member of the commission for the building of the Fort Amanda Monument, and has been identified with other public movements and enter- HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 2271 prises. As a participant in business and financial affairs, he is vice president of the German-American Bank and a director in the .South Side Building and Loan Association of Lima. His professional connections are with the Allen County Bar Association and the Ohio State Bar Association, while he is also widely known in fraternal and social circles, -being a member of the Lima Club, the Shawnee Country Club and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He is interested also in historical matters, and is a director of the Allen County Historical Society. Mr. Mackenzie was married June 12, 1884, to Miss Florence H. Holmes, of Lima, daughter of Brannon P. Holmes, and they have two sons : William H., a graduate of Lawrenceville College and Yale University, and now connected with the German-American Bank ,of Lima, married Miss Edith Finley, of Lima, .daughter of John Finley, and has one daughter, Mary ; and Ralph P., a graduate of Lawrenceville College, Yale University, and the University of Michigan, class of 1913, and :now a practicing attorney and member of the firm of Mackenzie & Weadock. FRANK H. ALDRICH has been one of the most successful men im Toledo devoting their .artistic energies to the commercial phases of the profession. As a commercial designer, Mr. Aldrich has his offices and studio in The Fifty Associates Building. He has built up .a large clientage, has held responsible positions as a designer, and his personal service is now in demand by the. advertising trade and by a large group of individual business firms and others. He was born in Fulton County; Ohio, March 29, 1866, a son of Harvey and Eugenia (Handy) Aldrich. His father was also a native of Fulton County, was a prominent republican, and for four years held the office of sheriff in that county. He died in 1882. The only son and child of his parents, Frank H. Aldrich attended the grammar and high schools of his native county, and afterwards had a course in art in New York City to supplement his own unusual talent in that direction. He began his career as a newspaper man, and for five years was editor of a country paper. In 1898 he removed to Toledo and became a designer for the Peninsular Engraving Company's branch of the main Detroit house. Mr. Aldrich had entire charge of the designing and engraving plant at Toledo for the first year and remained with the firm as superintendent for five years. He withdrew from the Peninsular Company to engage in the Advertising Service Company with G. E. Harter under the name Harter & Aldrich. After two years the business was succeeded by an association with Chas. F. Dowd, under the name of Aldrich & Dowd, and they were together five years, with offices in the Spitzer & Nasby buildings. Since the withdrawal of Mr. Dowd from the partnership Mr. Aldrich has followed business by himself in the creation and designing of advertising and commercial art. Mr. Aldrich has developed the art of engrossing on parchment to a high degree, being recognized throughout the country as a leader in that line. His work is largely used by banks, corporations and fraternal societies. He is a member of Toledo Lodge No. 144, Free and Accepted Masons, belongs to the Artklan and Commerce clubs and is a democrat in politics. On November 22, 1893, he married Miss Kate Stevens. Her father was James M. Stevens. To their marriage were born two children, Zilpha and Harvey. CHARLES W. COUNTER. Friends of good government in Lucas County have reason for congratulation on the re-election of Charles. W. Counter for a second term as county commissioner. Mr. Counter was elected by a large plurality in November, 1916. He is one of Toledo's old and honored business men, and during the many years spent in this city he has also taken a public spirited part in local affairs. He is a native of Canada, having been born at London in the Province of Ontario October 11, 1846. His parents were Charles and Jane A. (Watts) Counter. His father who was born in Devonshire, England, emigrated to the Province of Ontario about 1840, and soon afterwards settled at Galt. He was a shoemaker by trade, and carried on quite an extensive business in custom shoe making. From Galt he removed to London, where he remained until 1857, continued the same business in Clinton, Ontario, from 1857 to 1870 and then migrated to Belleville, Kansas, where he took up the land which he farmed until his death. In his family were eleven children, eight of whom are still living. The second oldest of the family, Charles W. Counter lived at home until he was twenty-one years of age. He grew up in a home of substantial comforts, gained a good education, and learned the shoemaker's trade under his 2272 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST .OHIO father. In October, 1867, going to Jackson, Michigan, Mr. Counter worked at his trade for a time, but soon afterwards removed to Toledo, where he has resided for upwards of fifty years. The first eight years spent in this city he followed his trade, and he then opened a stock of retail shoes and similar wares, though continuing to do work for a large custom trade which he had built up. While continuing the shoe business Mr. Counter bought a tract of fourteen acres within the corporate limits of .Toledo, and devoted it to gardening and the raising of flowers. All of the land was used for those purposes atone time, but the business has now been specialized for the growing of flowers under glass. The greenhouses located on Michigan Avenue are under the direct supervision of Mrs. Counter and their son. It is one of the chief sources of fine cut flowers for the Toledo trade, and the product is sold both wholesale and retail. In December, 1875, at Toledo Mr. Counter married Jessie N. Scott. Her father Peter Scott was born in Scotland, came to America in 1853, lived for a time in Philadelphia, and from there came to Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Counter have four children : John S., Nellie R., a teacher in the public schools of Toledo. Adelaide A., and Charles M. All these children were liberally educated in the local schools. Ever since becoming an American citizen Mr. Counter has been actively affiliated with the democratic party. He has done much work in behalf of its welfare, and every position of trust given him has brought out the best of his abilities in true service. For two years he was a member of the city council from the First .Ward, and he was also appointed to the office of city forester, holding that place 41/2 years. In 1914 he was elected a county commissioner and was re-elected on November 7, 1916. In addition to his other business interests Mr. Counter for the past sixteen years has been general agent at Toledo for the Equitable Life Assurance Association, and through his business and his public position he has rendered every possible service within his power to the betterment and upbuilding of this city. His favorite recreations are the games of cricket and curling. He learned cricket as a boy in Canada, and was long an. official member of the Toledo Cricket Club, which maintained well equipped grounds, but was finally abandoned. Mr. Counter 'is also a leader in the Toledo Commerce Club. SAMUEL B. SNEATH, whose life began almost contemporaneous with the founding of Tiffin and was identified by residence and business interests with that community for upwards of seventy years, had perhaps as important a part in sustaining and fostering the growth of that city as any other individual in its history. In 1827 Tiffin had become the home of his parents Richard and Catherine (Baugher) Sneath. It was a pioneer era in this section of Ohio. Ninety years ago there was not a railway line in the entire country, and the beginning had not even been made in the development of the Ohio canal system. It was a typical frontier community in which Samuel B. Sneath first saw the light of day on December 19, 1828. The family homestead was then located on Washington Street opposite the site of the present Court House in Tiffin. His father, of Scotch lineage, was a native of Delaware. He moved to Maryland where he married Miss Catherine Baugher, a native of Frederick County, that state. The Baughers were among the old colonial families. Richard Sneath was a pioneer merchant and manufacturer at Tiffin, and died there in 1842 at the age of fifty-six. Energetic and able, he prospered in most of his enterprises but met considerable financial loss before his death. He was a whig in politics. His widow died at Tiffin at the age of sixty-eight. They had eight children whom they reared to maturity. Their son Richard went to California in 1849 and became. one of the prominent pioneer citizens of San Francisco. He acquired wealth and also large influence and at one time was president of the Board of Trade at San Francisco. In his home he entertained the Minister of China while in San Francisco. In such schools as were maintained at Tiffin during the '30s and '40s Samuel B. Sneath acquired his education. He was thirteen when his father died and at the age of fifteen he found work in the old fanning mill factory established by his father. He also clerked in a dry goods store about three years. In 1853 he became a partner of Jesse Shriver in the dry goods and clothing business conducted under the name of Shriver & Sneath. This firm had a prosperous existence for about eight years. For thirty years Mr. Sneath was in the produce business and gradually developed a grain trade which is the basis today of a large grain firm in which his son is an interested participant. HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 2273 During the last half century of his life Mr. Sneath became widely known as a banker, railroad owner and manufacturer. In 1865 he was one of the incorporators of the National Exchange Bank of Tiffin. Associated with him in that enterprise were John D. Loomis, R. W. Shawhan, A. J. Sneath, J. N. Naylor, H. A. Buskirk, S. M. Ogden, Able Rawson, A. B. Hovey, J. H. Good, Levi Davis, John Swigart, J. H. Pittinger, Robert Smith, 'E. T. Stickney and J. A. McFarland—comprising a list of notable business men of the time, of which Samuel B. Sneath was perhaps the last survivor. In 1876 Mr. Sneath took an active part in the organization of the Commercial Bank of Tiffin, served for many years as its cashier, and subsequently was president. A few years before his death this was reorganized as a National bank, and Mr. Sneath continued as one of its directors until his death. For some years he had also been interested in banking in New Orleans. His power and influence as a business, man were directed from time to time to the improvement of Tiffin's standing as a commercial and industrial center. There were few if any of the big industries started in the city with which his name was not associated. For several years he was connected with the great Western Pottery Company, with the National Machinery Company, and was one of the principal stockholders in the Tiffin Glass Factory which subsequently was removed to Indiana, and in which he continued as a stockholder. As a railway builder his name is most closely associated with the building of the Tiffin, Fostoria & Eastern Electric Railway between Tiffin and Fostoria. He not only built but had the management of the line the rest of his life. One of his cherished plans was to construct another railway between Tiffin and Clyde. Advancing years proved the greatest obstacle to that accomplishment. A few years before his death he had acquired the Tiffin City Railway, and spent a large amount of money in rehabilitating the system, and in improving the facilities of the service. He was responsible for those extensions which enabled Tiffin to reach by rapid transit the two beautiful parks Meadowbrook and Riverview, which are among the noted beauty spots in that section of Ohio. Mr. Sneath spent much money on the improvement of Riverview Park, a property which he had acquired as part of the Tiffin Electric Railway and Power Company's assets. It is said that Mr. Sneath spent nearly a year of earnest effort in inducing the Baltimore & Ohio Railway Company to construct their line through Tiffin. Without his cooperation at this critical juncture Tiffin might have been left to one side and its future development permanently crippled. It was the large financial contribution made by Mr. Sneath which assured Tiffin the possession of the Webster Manufacturing plant. During the later years of his life Mr. Sneath spent much of his time away from his residence city of Tiffin. He had a summer home at Port Colburn in Canada and nearly all the winter months were passed at New Orleans. For several years he. had suffered from ill health and at the close of December in 1914 he had gone with his wife and daughter and his physician to New Orleans and soon after to Pass Christian, Mississippi, where a house had been taken for their future home. In this southern seaport death came to the aged financier January 7, 1915, when he was past eighty-six. As a local newspaper said in editorial tribute : "Although much of his time has been necessarily demanded by his business he took a lively interest in the welfare and conduct of the community. He never sought official position, evidently preferring to use his influence as a citizen merely. In the death of Mr. Sneath, Tiffin has lost one of her best and most useful citizens, and a man who has done much toward bringing this city to its present place as one of the most flourishing cities of its size in the state. Mr. Sneath succeeded along with the city and this success he shared liberally with the community and for this due credit should be accorded him by all those who have enjoyed the benefits of Tiffin's progressiveness." During his frequent visits to the South Mr. Sneath recognized the wonderful opportunities for the commercial development in that section and in 1901 began to invest in New Orleans. He assisted in reorganizing a bank now known as the Interstate Trust and Banking Company, was made a director, and his energy proved the turning point in the bank's prosperity and influence. He was also connected with the Mortgage Securities Company of New Orleans. For many years he had spent several months of each winter in the South. In 1861 Mr. Sneath married Mary L. Davis, Also a native of Tiffin and a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Levi Davis. Their companionship 2274 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO was interrupted after seven years hi 1868 and she was survived by a daughter and son. The daughter is Mrs. C. F. M. Niles, wife of a former prominent banker at Toledo. The son is Ralph D. Sneath, an active business man of Tiffin elsewhere referred to. In November, 1879, Mr. Sneath married Laura A. Stephenson of Findlay. Mrs. Sneath is one of the notable women of Northwest Ohio. Her parents were William and Mary A. Stephenson, her father a native of Knox County, Ohio, and her mother of Pennsylvania. Her mother's people were pioneers in Licking County, Ohio. Her great-grandfather, Patrick Anderson, was a member of the staff of General Washington in the Revolutionary war, and his son James was captain of a company in the same army. General Washington was deeply interested in various projects for building canals or other traffic-ways across the Allegheny Mountains into the Middle West, and by appointment from him when President, Patrick Anderson made some preliminary surveys along the Hudson River for a route for a canal, plans which were subsequently carried out in the construction of the Erie Canal. Mrs. Sneath was educated in the high school at Findlay and in Normal School and was a teacher for a number of years: She taught four years in the Tiffin. High School. Throughout most of her life she has been a devout member of the Presbyterian Church. She has the distinction of having served as the first vice-president of the Woman's Federation of Clubs in America. Woman's club work was her chief interest for many years. She took part in the organization of the Federation in 1890, and assisted in organizing the first club at Tiffin. Since her husband's death she has given up most of these interests in order to devote her time and ability to various extensive business affairs. She is a director of the Interstate Trust and Banking Company and the Mortgage Security Company of New Orleans, and was formerly on the executive committee of the bank in that city. She is president of the Tiffin, Fostoria and Eastern Railway, and a director in the Sneath Glass Company. Mrs. Sneath was the mother of two children : Richard W., who died at the age of seven years ; and Marian Lee, now the wife of Justice Wilson, a prominent Toledo attorney. ADAM R. WINTER spent most of his life in Northwest Ohio, and, after the close of the Civil war, in which he took a part, was engaged in business as a merchant for about thirty years. He was born in Crawford County, near New Washington, on the 17th of July, 1846, the son of Martin and Catherine Winter. When a boy he lost his father and because the family was large and means limited, was. early thrown upon his own resources and compelled to make his own living. He was not yet fifteen when the war broke out, and yet had the strongest desire to enlist at the beginning of that trouble and sanguinary conflict. He refrained because of the objection of his widowed mother. For several years he worked steadily in a drug store at Bucyrus. Early in 1864, unable to resist longer the call of his country, he enlisted in Company D, of the Fifteenth Regiment of the Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served with that organization until the close of the war. He saw active service in several battles and with his regiment participated in a part of the Atlanta, campaign. After the surrender of Lee, his regiment with others was sent to Texas on a mission known only to the administration at Washington. He remained in that part of the South for several months after the real close of the great civil conflict. On returning home he was granted an honorable discharge- After the war Adam R. Winter engaged in business at Benton, in Crawford County, and for a number of years was senior member of the firm of Winter & Temple. They dealt in general merchandise and did an immense business covering a wide territory. For a couple of years the firm was located at Carey, and from there moved to Bucyrus. Mr. Winter finally retired from merchandising and went upon a farm near Melmore, but in a year or so found himself again impelled into. business affairs. Returning to Benton he resumed business at the old stand, for a time-being the senior member of the firm of Winter & Longwell. He also served for a number of years as postmaster of Benton. On his final retirement from business he removed to Bucyrus, where he lived until his death on January 2, 1902. Mr. Winter was active in the Grand Army of the Republic and was also a member of the Masonic Order and the National Union. In early manhood he united with the Methodist Episcopal Church and was a working member of the churches in the different localities where he had his home. He was always greatly interested in civic affairs and never HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 2275 failed to do his duty as a citizen. He was a man of the strictest probity, and his word was always considered as good as his bond in business transactions. At Benton, Ohio, in 1868, he married Martha Ellen Dunlap, daughter of Daniel and Isabella Dunlap, a pioneer family of that community. After his death she removed to Toledo, and resided in that city with her son until she passed away August 2, 1910. She was a woman of lovable character and most amiable disposition, and her home was her greatest interest. They were the parents of two children. The only son is Nevin Otto Winter, author of this History of Northwest Ohio. The daughter, Lulu, married Charles Curtis Coyle, and is now living in Galion. They are the parents of two children, Elizabeth Eleanor and Charles Winter. NEVIN OTTO WINTER. The people of Northwest Ohio naturally have a special interest in the author of this history. His literary reputation is of course well known not only in Ohio, but elsewhere, though it will not be out of place to note some of the things he has written and also the broad outline of fact regarding his personal career. The publish ers therefore take this opportunity of presenting a brief sketch of Mr. Winter. The greater part of what follows is paraphrased from an article that recently appeared in a journal, with such additional facts as seem pertinent. In Toledo, where Mr. Winter has had his home for a number of years, he is known as a lawyer as well as a writer. The principle which caused him to turn from law to letters is briefly expressed as follows : "If you can't find the book you are looking for, write it." Mr. Winter, a son of the late Adam R. Winter, was born at Benton, where his father was long a business man. He was graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University with the degree of bachelor of arts and received the degree of bachelor of laws from Ohio State University. Since his admission to the bar, he has maintained a law office in Toledo. In 1916 he was granted the honorary degree of doctor of letters (Litt. D.) by the Ohio Wesleyan University. After leaving Ohio Wesleyan he spent a year and a half traveling in Europe and Northern Africa. A strongly developed intellectual curiosity, and a desire to know and to observe, have been dominant factors throughout his life, and he has never been thoroughly cured of the "wanderlust" which takes him among strange peoples and into unusual places. A few years ago he made an extended trip through Mexico: On his return, having become much interested in the country, he sought some authoritative and comprehensive books dealing with Mexico and her people. This search revealed only the fact that there were no such books of recent publication, so he spent his spare time in writing one and readily found a publisher. The book appeared under the title "Mexico and Her People Today," in 1907, and it was so well received in the literary world that it was included in the New York Times' list of "one hundred best books" of the year. The reviewer, a former diplomat resident in Mexico, pronounced it the best book that had appeared on that country for two generations. It has passed through many editions and was thoroughly revised in 1912, and several chapters added. So pleased was a Japanese educational society that permission was requested to translate it into Japanese to be used as a text book on that country. Shortly afterward Mr. Winter wrote "Guatemala and Her People of Today." ,Because of the appreciation that attended these books, his publishers made a proposition to Mr. Winter for an extensive trip around South America, to be followed by several books. After a thorough investigation of the South American republics, he wrote "Brazil and Her People of Today," "Argentina and Her People of Today," and "Chili and Her People of. Today." These books and the two preceding are classed by the publishers as the "Latin-American Series." They have established his reputation as an authority upon the Latin-American countries, and he has addressed many clubs and organizations on these subjects. They are studies of the country, the people and their customs, with an historical background, rather than books of travel. Mr. Winter has an interesting manner of writing, at once accurate and attractive, and has succeeded in investing all his literary work with a charm of narrative combined with the judgment of the real historian. At the suggestion of his publishers, a European trip was made in 1912, in which practically every part of European Russia was visited, as a result of which "The Russian Empire of Today and Yesterday," and "Poland of Today and Yesterday" appeared. These books have attracted much attention, 2276 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO as they were published just before the outbreak of the European war and were the latest authorities upon these countries. Editions have been published of several of the books by the leading English publishing houses in London, and they are found for sale throughout all the English-speaking world. Few public libraries will be found without some of his books on the shelves. His latest work was "Texas, the Marvellous," published in 1916. "Florida; the Land of Enchantment," followed in 1917 in a new series called "See America First." Mr. Winter has written articles for the North. American Review, World's Work, World Today, World Outlook, Christian Herald, Technical World, Leslie's Weekly, Travel, National Geographic Magazine, Overland, and various religious and other periodicals. In November, 1913, Clark University, of Worcester, Massachusetts, summoned a Latin-American Conference, to which were invited men considered leading authorities upon the Latin-American countries. Among those in vited were college professors, writers, the diplomats of the Latin-American republics and American diplomats accredited to those countries. Mr. Winter was invited to give the leading paper upon the subject of Mexico. This paper was afterwards published as a monograph by the university. He had entered into a contract with a prominent New York publishing house to visit Germany, in the fall of 1914, in order to prepare a book upon that country and write a series of articles for a magazine, but was prevented by the outbreak of the great war. Mr. Winter is a trustee of the Toledo Public Library ; an official member of St. Paul 's Methodist Episcopal Church; a member of the Phi Kappa Psi and Phi Delta Phi fraternities, the Toledo Commerce Club, the Toledo Museum of Art, the Toledo Automobile Club, the National Geographic Society, the Pan-American Society, of New York, and the American Academy of Political and Social Science, of Philadelphia.