1000 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO only twenty-eight white families living in the entire section. At Presque Isle was an Indian village, and between that point and Waterville some 2,500 Indians comprised the greater part of the population. Within the recollection of Elias Fassett all these Indians were removed to lands in the West, and their places were taken by the vigorous white population which completely transformed the district surrounding Toledo. Mr. Fassett was fond of relating to his friends many interesting stories of pioneer days in and about Toledo, but his favorite anecdote concerned the arrival of the first steamboat that navigated the Maumee River. A large crowd had assembled on the banks of the river to witness the spectacle. Elias was then about six years of age, and accompanied by another boy went down an Indian path near where Adams and Summit streets now intersect for the purpose of viewing the steam-propelled boat. So intent were they listening to the band of music on board the boat that they did not notice a party of Indians coming down the same path on horseback. When close behind them the Indians raised a war whoop which sent the little boys up the path at top speed in search of safety. Not far from where the Trinity Episcopal Church now stands lay the trunk of a large elm tree, uprooted by a storm, and behind this the lads found hiding until the Indians had passed. The red men were entirely peaceable and their only purpose was to give the boys a fright, in which they were very successful. During his long residence on the east side Mr. Fassett was a member of the Memorial Baptist Church, and for many years active in its work. On May 7, 1857, he married Miss Mary Elizabeth Wales, daughter of Philander and Caroline (Wilcoxen) Wales, who was one of the pioneers in the Lower Maumee Valley. Mrs. Fassett is still living at the home of her daughter Mrs. Riggs in Toledo. To their marriage were born three children : John Elias, who died in infancy ; Mrs. M. J. Riggs and Mrs. C ISAAC N. POE was one of the very prominent business men of Toledo during the last century. He was a native Ohioan, and was a factor in business affairs in Toledo from the year prior to the Civil war until the early part of the present century. His death occurred in his apartment in the Dunscomb on Superior Street, Sunday, Sep tember 10, 1911. He was at that time seventy-seven years of age. He was born February 6, 1834, near Phillipsburg, Ohio. At the age of sixteen, having in the meantime secured a common school education, he moved with his father to Pittsburg in Darke County, Ohio, and grew to manhood there. In 1856, at the age of twenty-two, he moved to Tippecanoe, Ohio, and was engaged in the boot and shoe business. In 1860 Mr. Poe came to Toledo, having sold his interests at Tippecanoe, and was one of the early merchants of the city in the hollow-ware business. His principal success came from his real estate dealings, and for many years he made that his regular business. At the time of his death he owned a large amount of valuable property, including several buildings in the business district. He was also for more than thirty years a director in the Toledo Savings Bank and Trust Company, having been associated with that financial institution practically from its beginning. This is now the oldest savings bank in Toledo. The late Mr. Poe was a cousin of the great American poet, Edgar Allen Poe. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Smith. Mrs. Poe died at her residence in Toledo, September 3, 1890. Through her great activity and public charitable work she was widely known. She was an active and earnest member of the First Congregational Church, and the late Reverend Doctor Williams, the pastor of that church, officiated at her funeral held at the residence on Broadway. At the time of her death she was president of the Protestant Hospital, and its board of directors delegated Mrs. J. J. Gould to draft resolutions of sympathy and the board also attended the funeral service in a body. Mrs. Poe was one of the incorporators of this institution more than twenty years before her death, and she was indefatigable in giving her time and means to its welfare and upbuilding. The hospital may be said to stand largely as a memorial to her efforts. In many ways she was one of Toledo's useful women. Both she and her husband now rest in a mausoleum in the beautiful Woodlawn Cemetery. She and Mr. Poe became the parents of two children, their only son, Edgar Allen, dying at the age of nine years. Their surviving daughter is Mrs. Nettie Poe Ketcham, who is a resident of New York City, but spends two of the summer months each year in Toledo looking after her real estate interests and renewing her many friendships here. She also spends consider- HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1001 able time abroad in travel and has sojourned a number of years altogether in Switzerland. WILLIAM M. POE, who is now in the real estate and insurance business in the Empire Arcade at Toledo, spent many years in the service of Ohio railroads, and is a native of this state and represents an old family. He was born near Arcanum in Darke County, Ohio, February 23, 1871. He is a son of D. A. and Mary Elizabeth (Wike) Poe. His father was also born in Darke County, Ohio, the Poes having located there in early times. He was born in 1845 and is now living at West Manchester, Ohio, at the age of seventy-one. For over forty-five years he was active in the lumber business, having conducted a lumber yard at Arcanum, where his son William was torn, and for about thirty-five years was in the same business at West Manchester, having both a lumber yard and factory. He retired from active business in 1906. His wife's people came from Maryland, but she was born in Darke County, Ohio, and was married there. She was born in 1846. Mr. and Mrs. D. A. Poe are active workers in the Christian Church at West Manchester and the father was formerly active in the Sunday school. They have two sons and two daughters, all living: Mrs. W. H. Dunbar, of Toledo; Mrs. J. M. Neth, of Eaton, Ohio; William M. and Leroy R., a jeweler at Lewisburg, Ohio. All the children were born in Darke County except Leroy, who was born in West Manchester. They all received their education in the public schools at West Manchester. William M. Poe as a young man learned telegraphy, became an operator and agent for the Pennsylvania Lines at West Manchester, and spent about eight years there. In 1903 he came to Toledo, where he spent four years as bill clerk with the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern. He was then appointed an inspector with the Joint Rate and Inspection Bureau maintained by all the railroads of Ohio and served as inspector about five years with headquarters at. Toledo and working under L. K. Tappan, who was then district manager of the bureau. On leaving the railroad service Mr. Poe entered the real estate business with his uncle, the late Isaac N. Poe. His uncle died in 1911, and since then the nephew has continued the business and looks after the large real estate holdings in Toledo and elsewhere belonging to Nettie Poe Ketcham, daughter of the late Isaac Poe. Mr. Poe owns considerable Toledo real estate himself, and his time is taken up in looking after his interests and those of his cousin's, Mrs. Nettie Poe Ketcham. Fraternally he is affiliated with Toledo Lodge No. 402, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, is a member of Toledo Commerce Club and of St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church. On April 17, 1897, at Toledo, he married Miss Clara E. Trager, daughter of Curtis and Sarah A. (Niswonger) Trager. Her father died in Preble County many years ago and her mother is still living in Toledo. Mrs. Poe was born in Preble County, Ohio, and attended the public schools of West Manchester. Mr. Poe s home is Melwood, in a delightful suburban community in Washington Township of Lucas County. His home site contains an acre of ground, and the house he has just built has an attractive situation in the midst of some large trees. ABNER B. COLE. On December 17, 1898, death brought to a close a career which was conspicuous in many ways, not least in the thirty odd years of business activity, as a result of which Toledo still has one of its strongest and most prosperous business firms, the extensive cartage and storage firm of A. B. Cole Sons Company at 1425-1427 Broadway. Of New England ancestry and heritage, the late Abner B. Cole well exemplified the sturdy virtues long associated with typical New Englanders. He was born at historic Plymouth, Massachusetts, April 25, 1831-, and was in his sixty-eighth year when he died. At an early age he went with his parents to Livermore, Maine, in which state he grew to manhood and kept his home- until 1855. For several years he was in the employ of the Taunton, New Bedford & Boston Railroad, much of the time as a conductor. It was largely the sturdy sons of New England who laid the foundation for the splendid civilization in the northwest part of the United States. In 1860, three years after his marriage to Miss Julia P. Macomber of Taunton, Massachusetts, Abner B. Cole took his family to the pioneer state of Minnesota, locating at St. Francis. In proportion to its population and age no state in the Union did a larger part during the Civil war than Minnesota. Mr. Cole had hardly become established in the new state when he enlisted in 1861 in the Second Minnesota Battery under Captain 1002 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO William A. Hotchkiss. This battery was sent South and participated in the siege of Cor-inth, Mississippi, was in the campaign against Bragg in Kentucky and Tennessee, received great praise for its excellent work at the battle of Perryville, was also distinguished in the battle of Stone's River, and was in the Tullahoma Campaign. At Chickamauga the services of this battery were particularly important, since for "three successive times it prevented the enemy from forming." The battery was engaged at Missionary Ridge, was with Sherman in the Atlanta Campaign of 1864, and then returned with the army commanded by General George H. Thomas to Tennessee after the fall of Atlanta and rendered valiant service in the battles of Franklin and Nashville. It was not until August, 1865, that the members of this gallant command received their honorable discharge and were mustered out at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. Mr. Cole had a record of twenty-two battles. Soon after being discharged from the army Mr. Cole left Minnesota and removed with his family to Toledo, Ohio, where he was a resident for more than thirty years. In that time he founded and successfully conducted the business now operated by his sons under the name A. B. Cole Sons Company, one of the largest concerns of the kind in Toledo, maintaining a large organization and equip-ment for trucking, moving and storage. The late A. B. Cole was the soul and genius of this business enterprise. For many years after locating in Toledo he took a very active part in republican politics, though later he. was willing to surrender the active responsibilities to younger men, but never relaxed a keen interest in questions of public policies. His first presidential ballot was given to Fremont, the first standard bearer of the republican party in 1856, and he also voted for Lincoln in 1860. Thus he was affiliated with the republican organization from the beginning until his death. He was also an active member of Volunteer Post G. A. R. at Toledo, and belonged to Rubicon Lodge, F. & A. M. It was the severe exposure of his army life that undermined his health and shortened his years. The late Mr. Cole was distinguished for moral courage, high ideals, a tender disposition and the strictest integrity, and all these qualities brought him numerous friends by whom he was held in admiration until the end. In 1858 Mr. Cole married Miss Julia P. Macomber, who was born in Taunton, Massachusetts, August 22, 1839. After she came to Toledo at the close of the Civil war she became identified in many ways with the social and philanthropic life of the city. She was long a director in the Toledo Humane Society, and she also identified herself with the early organizations for the promotion of temperance, and in every possible way sought to promote reforms along that line. She is also remembered for the prominent part she took in the. Woman's suffrage movement, and at the time of her death she was treasurer of the Toledo Woman's Suffrage Association. To her suffrage meant duty more than a privilege, and she exemplified her ideas particu-larly in her relation to the public schools, and sought in every way possible to advance and improve the schools of her home ward. She was also county appointee on the visiting committee of the Miami Children's Home, and in every way was one of Toledo's foremost women. She died at her home in the city September 8, 1908. Of the children of the late Abner B. Cole and wife three, two sons and one daughter, are still living. William E. is the oldest and is active head of the A. B. Cole Sons. Com-pany and well known in Toledo business circles. Charles Walter Cole is cashier of the Second National Bank of Toledo, one of the largest banking institutions in Northwestern Ohio. The daughter is Mrs. Robert J. McIntosh, of Toledo. JOHN CALHOUN KLOTZ. In the venerable and honored citizen who died at his Toledo home April 16, 1899, the city possessed not only one of its oldest residents but also a man who represented in his long career the prominent social and civic element ' which com-posed the citizenship of this community during its growth from a frontier settlement to a modern municipality. The late John Calhoun Klotz was a very remarkable man. It was noteworthy that his friends admired and eulogized him not so much for his success in business, though that was not by any means of mediocre degree, but primarily on account of his unselfish philanthropy. His philan-thropy was not that of one who works. by proxy, but was the finer and greater because it was personally bestowed and was not so much a scientific charity as a personal service for good. Thus the honor paid to his memory is more especially due to his fine independence of character, his high place in the circles of HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1003 the city 's select, and his active influence in the social and political movements experienced at different times in the last half of the nineteenth century. He was a native of Virginia, a southern man by birth and characteristics and though strongly opposed to the peculiar institution of the South he remained in sympathy with the truly noble and admirable elements of southern character in that dark and disastrous period of the Civil war. He was born in Culpeper county, Virginia, in 1820. When a small boy his parents removed from Virginia to Lancaster, Fairfield county, Ohio, where he grew to manhood and obtained a public school education, which was completed in the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware. After some years of business experience, about 1859, he removed to Toledo and established a cigar factory and altogether he was in the business of manufacturing cigars upwards of sixty years. While he never cared for nor aspired to political honors, his interest in public affairs led him to become a member of the common council of Toledo. He was closely connected with both the political and educational interests of Toledo, and while in the council was the people's trusted friend, performing his duties with credit to himself and in such a way as to realize some of the ideals of municipal government. He was an ardent democrat and was especially devoted in his championship of the toiler and the plain people, and he often pleaded the cause of labor through the columns of the daily papers. His characteristics as a southerner were especially manifested in his support of the doctrine of state rights, and he believed in and upheld the best institutions and traditions of the old South. However, he was an abolitionist and an enemy to human slavery and it was only natural that the undiscriminating and narrow minded should misunderstand him and his attitude. His position was entirely consistent, but his views regarding secession caused him no little trouble during the Civil war decade. He was a great student of history and of .government, particularly representative government, and it is said that perhaps no Toledo citizen of his time had a broader and deeper knowledge of such subjects than the late Mr. Klotz. In the words of a tribute that was expressed at his death, "Everybody in Toledo knew the grand old white-haired veteran and philosopher, and to know him was to love him. His heart overflowed with the milk of human kindness, and the trials and tribulations of an unkind world were unable to sour a disposition as sweet and gentle as his mind was great and cultured. His was a lowly but a lovely life. He found pleasure alone in doing deeds of kindness and neither old age or infirmity prevented him from extending a helping hand to a struggling brother. His was no `Organized charity scrimped and iced, In the name of a cautious, statistical Christ,' but as wide as the world and as high as heaven. Perhaps the philanthropy by which he deserves longest memory was in originating the homestead idea as applied to his own city. He had a grand view of providing every toiler with his own home, and he put the theory to practical test by purchasing, in association with others, and on the cooperative plan, an addition on the east side. This came to be known as the Homestead Addition, and it proved very successful, from which have been carved the homes for many hard-working laborers in humble circumstances." The late Mr. Klotz was reared a Methodist, was always a sincere Christian, but was not a member of any one church in Toledo. He married Miss Sarah Ann Culp of Fairfield county, Ohio. Mrs. Klotz was a devoted wife and mother and died May 18, 1896. There were three children, two sons and a daughter, named James Phocion, Solon Trembley and Lillie. The son James still occupies the old Klotz home at Toledo. The daughter Lillie died May 29, 1906. The son Solon T. is mentioned in the following sketch. SOLON TREMBLEY KLOTZ. On the ninth floor of the towering Nicholas Building in Toledo the suite 916 is occupied by Solon T. Klotz as attorney and counsellor-at-law. While he enjoys a good and substantial practice as a lawyer, and has a place in the profession which is indicated by the fact that he is now serving as vice president of the Lucas County Bar Association, he has too wide a field of what might be called active interests to enable him to be classified merely as a lawyer. In 1915 he served as president of the Musical Art Society of Toledo, also served as president of the Toledo Shakespeare Association, and is still actively associated with these 1004 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO organizations. He is a. member of the Toledo Museum of Art, is a member and plays the bassoon in the Zenobia Shrine Band at Toledo, composed of nearly fifty professional musicians, and has also figured on the modern lecture platform. His membership in these various organizations is not nominal. He is both a professional and amateur musician, and finds his greatest recreation in that art. A son of John Calhoun and Sarah Ann (Culp) Klotz, to whom more extended reference is made on other pages, Solon Trembley Klotz was born at Toledo April 5, 1864, was educated in the local public schools, and from an early age has put his varied talent and capabilities to actual test of service. For a time he was a hardware salesman. He then found opportunity to exercise his talents as a musician, and traveled with various theatrical companies for about two years., during which time he visited almost every state arid territory in the Union. He left music as a profession for a time and for another two years was traveling salesman, and then took the local position by which he is perhaps best known to Toledo citizens. He became a clerk in the Toledo postoffice and showed such capacity for real work and such loyal devotion to his duties that he was promoted until finally put in charge f the city delivery. He also organized the Inquiry Division at the local postoffice. Subsequently he was a member of the Civil Service Examining Board, and served as its chairman for about eighteen years. It was while in the postoffice that he took up the study of law and in 1901 was admitted to the Ohio bar. For a number f years he practiced his profession in addi-tion to his official duties at the postoffice, and in 1910 he resigned from the government service and has since given his attention to general practice with offices in the Nicholas Building. For years much of his enthusiasm went into Sunday School work in Toledo and Lucas county. He served as president, secretary and treasurer of the Toledo and Lucas County Sunday School Association, and is still a leader in Sunday School, though not an official in the larger organization. He also has served as president of the Toledo Church Federation. He is a member of the Ashland Avenue Baptist church, where for many years he has had membership and a part in both the church and Sunday School. A very important part of his life could be considered under the head of public affairs. Politically he is a socialist and a number of years ago came to the conclusion that the party system had outlived its use- fulness and that the greatest vitality was provided in the ideals and principles of Christian Socialism. For many years Mr. Klotz was a more or less regular contributor to the Toledo Blade. His "Blade Whittlings" . became widely quoted in the newspapers and magazines of the country. It was doubtless his success as a newspaper writer that caused him to take to the lecture platform. When he had prepared himself for this new venture and was about to make his first tour, Robinson Locke, president of The Toledo Blade Company, wrote him a letter from which the following sentences are taken : "I have just learned that you are going on the lecture platform, and I desire to wish you the greatest possible success. Your work on the Blade was so excellent, the humor of your stories so genial, the wit so sparkling, that I am confident your lecture audiences will be as well pleased as were the readers of your delightful drollery, sugar-coated wisdom, and happy philosophy in the columns of the Blade. The lecture platform needs just the sort of entertainment as you propose giving, and your success should be instantaneous and permanent." Mr. Locke's hope and predictions were fully realized, for testimonials from delighted audiences have come unsolicited and unstinted to Mr. Klotz. Perhaps his happiest hours are spent in his private library, and he has a splendid collection of standard literature and is familiar with the contents f nearly every book on his shelves. In fraternal circles he is a member of Rubicon Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, and the various other degrees and orders of Masonry, including Toledo Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Toledo Council, Royal and Select Masons, St. Omar Commandery, Knights Templar, Zenobia Temple of the Mystic Shrine, is a past commander of St. Omar and is past high priest of Toledo Chapter, also a member of the Woman's Auxiliary, the Eastern Star. He is also past chancellor of Anthony Wayne Lodge, Knights f Pythias, and is a member of the Modern Woodmen f America. He be-longs to the Toledo Press Club, the Toledo Commerce Club, and is a member of Musicians Union No. 15, known as Toledo Musical Protective and Benevolent Association. Besides his official part in the Lucas County HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1005 Bar Association, he belongs to. the Ohio State and the American Bar associations. He has long been interested in dramatic matters, and he is a lover of the national pastime, baseball. For five years he was a member of the old 16th Regiment, Ohio National Guards. In 1914 the Civic Music League was formed for the purpose of bringing musical artists that the common people could enjoy, and the organization of this music league with its entirely laudable purpose was surely destined to mean big things for Toledo. The personnel of the new organization and the quality of the concerts that already had been announced were such that the success of the whole idea was assured. This new movement, originated and backed by the Civic Music League, was not animated by purposes of profit or exploitation. The intention of the promoters was to make the whole splendid series a popular concern—a movement appealing to everybody, everywhere, in and around the city. This was the primary aim of the league, and the announcement of this fact already had attracted fine interest and a fine spirit of co-operation. What surplus remained was devoted to increasing the number and quality of attractions and to reducing to a still greater degree the price of tickets. There was no finer type of social service than that represented in the effort to uplift the artistic ideals of the community in which he lived. On July 2, 1901, Mr. Klotz married Miss Florence J. Bruning, daughter of Henry and Caroline (Dewey) Bruning of Pemberville, Wood County, Ohio. Mrs. Klotz was reared and educated in Toledo, where her parents resided for a number of years, but after her marriage her father and mother removed to Pemberville, where the former is a farmer and an oil operator. Mrs. Klotz' mother is a distant relative of Admiral Dewey. On November 3, 1905, Robert Ensign Klotz was born in the home of Mr. and Mrs. Klotz, and he is now attending the Toledo grammar schools. WILLIAM G. VOLLMAYER. One of Toledo's aggressive, cleancut business men, William G. Vollmayer, has been best known as a banker. He has given more than twenty-four years of his life to that line of business, and was the organizer of the Market Savings Bank and from its beginning has been its cashier. The splendid success and standing of this institution in Toledo largely reflect the personal integrity and business ability of its popular cashier. Born in Baltimore, Maryland, April 12, 1873, he is a son of John J. and Amelia C. (Becker) Vollmayer, reference to whom is found on other pages of this publication. John J. Vollmayer is first vice president of the Market Savings Bank Company. In 1886 Mr. Vollmayer graduated from Saint Mary's Parochial School at Toledo, and then entered Canisius College at Buffalo, New York, where he followed the commercial course and graduated in 1889. He was then sixteen years of age and on returning to Toledo began his active experience in business affairs. His first position was with The C. L. Luce Company, wholesale dry goods and notions, where he was employed as entry clerk at $8 a month for the first month. He was at an impressionable age, and the experiences of that first month will never be erased from his mind. After receiving his $8 as recompense for his first month's labor he was advanced on the payroll to $8 per week, and continued as one of the trusted and responsible employes of this firm for a year and a half. He then went with the Worts-KirkBigelow branch of the United States Baking Company, now the National Biscuit Company, as cashier, and continued with that firm until 1893. Then, at the age of twenty, Mr. Vollmayer entered the service of the Home Savings Bank of Toledo the day before the bank opened for business. His employment dated from December 19, 1893, and on the following day he stood at the window as savings teller and bookkeeper when the institution was opened for business. He continued actively with the Home Savings Bank until April 1, 1904, when he resigned. Mr. Vollmayer was the real moving spirit in the organization of the Market Savings Bank Company. In July, 1903, he had begun to expand the idea into practical form, and in December of that year he made the first announcement of the .proposed bank to the public. With the formal organization and opening of the bank for business on May 2, 1904, he was elected cashier, and at that time was the youngest man who had ever held such an important responsibility in Toledo banking circles. He was actively assisted by his father in the outside work of organization. The Market Savings Bank Company started with a paid up capital of $50,000, and a report at the close of 1916 shows capital stock 1006 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO paid in amounting to $150,800, with more than $25,000 of surplus and undivided profit. The bank is now on a 6 per cent dividend pay-ing basis. The total resources are approx-imately $2,000,000. At date mentioned the bank had savings deposits of more than $700,000, and upwards of $600,000 in checking accounts. The company pays 4 per cent on savings. The Market Savings Bank is located on the corner of Jefferson and Huron streets in Toledo. The officers and directors are: J. T. Smith, president ; John J. Vollmayer, first vice president ; William F. Donovan, second vice president ; William G. Vollmayer, cashier ; Henry J. Miller, Peter Sattler and Dr. P. J. Bidwell. Mr. Vollmayer is a past grand knight of the Knights of Columbus, and his brother, Dr. Robert H. Vollmayer, a well known Toledo dentist, is also a past grand knight of the order. This gives to the Vollmayers the distinction of being the only family which has ever supplied two grand knights to the order in Toledo. Mr. Vollmayer is also a member of the Catholic Knights of America and has been through all the chairs of that order. In a business and social way he is a member of the Toledo Lodge of Elks, the Toledo Commerce Club, the Iverness Club, and the Toledo Automobile Club. Outside of business he gets his recreation in golf and automobiling. He and his family are members of Saint Mary's Catholic Church. His residence is at 2339 Franklin Avenue, and his family and friends come first with him always. Mr. Vollmayer. married Miss Gertrude Atwill of Toledo. She was born in Toledo and in infancy was orphaned by the death of her parents, William Atwill and wife. She grew up in Toledo and completed her education in the Ursuline Convent. Mr. and Mrs. Vollmayer have five children, three sons and two daughters : Donald J. C. Roland, M. Cecelia, M. Frances and 1Villiam F., all of whom were born in Toledo. The two older children are now attending Saint John's Col-lege at Toledo, while the younger ones are students in the Ursuline Convent. LINDLEY WARREN MORRIS. In July, 1916, Judge Morris completed a period of thirty-six years of continuous membership in the Toledo bar. While he is thus one of the senior members of the Northwest Ohio bar and has always enjoyed a high standing in professional and civic circles he is perhaps most widely known as former judge of the Common Pleas Court of the first subdivision of the fourth district, an office he filled fifteen years. His career is the story of a farmer boy who was moved by a steadfast ambition to make the best of his abilities and opportunities and who has won an honored name and has made his life of broad service and usefulness to Northwest Ohio. He was born on his father's farm in Columbiana County near Alliance, Ohio, October 16, 1853, a son of Thomas C. and Minerva J. (Preston) Morris. Both parents were of English descent and were members of Quaker families. Thomas C. Morris was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, while his wife was a native of Columbiana County, Ohio, having been born there shortly after her parents came from Campbell County, Virginia. Thomas C. Morris, father of Judge Morris, made a notable record as an officer in the Union army during the Civil war. At the outbreak of the war he enlisted as second sergeant in the Benton Cadets, which became Company B in the regiment known as the Fremont Guards. He was with that organization until it disbanded in the fall of 1861. He then recruited Com-pany K of the Eightieth Ohio Infantry, was commissioned captain of his company, and on March 22, 1862, joined the regiment at Paducah, Kentucky, where he was mustered into service for a term of three years. At the end of that time he veteranized and continued in the service for some months after the close of hostilities. His regiment was first with General Pope through the siege of Corinth, participating in the battles of Farmington and Iuka, took. part in the Vicksburg campaign and siege, and after the fall of that Mississippi stronghold was transferred to Eastern Tennessee. There the regiment fought in the decisive engagements of Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge, followed General Sherman in the hundred days fighting leading up to the fall of Atlanta, and after the capture of that city went on in the famous march to the sea and thence up through the Carolinas to Washington. In the meantime Captain Morris had won promotion until he was given a commission as lieutenant colonel and he was in command in the regiment for several months after the war. After the surrender of Lee's and Johnston's armies his regiment was ordered for duty to Little Rock, Arkansas, and remained there until August 13, 1865. when it was mustered out. Colonel Morris on returning home applied HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1007 himself vigorously to rehabilitating business and his farm, which had been much neglected during his long absence in the army. In the fall of 1869 his fellow-citizens in Columbiana County elected him sheriff, and he was reelected in 1871, holding the office four years. He then retired to civil life, and was one of the active farmers of his county until his death in 1893. His wife died in the same year. Judge Morris was a small boy while his father was away fighting the battles of the Union and he grew up on the homestead in Columbiana County, gaining a district and village school education. He was partially prepared for college while in the public schools, but after his father took the office of sheriff he became chief deputy, and continued to hold that position for a part of the succeeding administration. While thus employed he spent his leisure hours in private study, and in 1874 entered Oberlin College, where he completed the classical course and was graduated A. B. in 1878. In the meantime he defrayed most of his college expenses by teaching during the winter months and after getting his degree he was principal of a normal school in Trumbull County, Ohio, a school attended by a large number of teachers. In January, 1879, Judge Morris entered the law office of Nichols & Firestone at New Lisbon, Ohio. He already had some knowledge of the fundamentals of law as well as the practice, and in the following year he was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of Ohio. In July, 1880, Judge Morris removed to Toledo, and was continuously engaged in practice until his elevation to the bench. He practiced alone, and almost from the first had a satisfying share in the local business of the court. For nearly forty years Judge Morris has participated more or less actively in the republican campaigns and has been one of the influential men of the party in Northwest Ohio. In 1889 he was first nominated for the office of Judge of the Common Pleas Court, but was unsuccessful in the election. In 1891 he was elected a member of the city council of Toledo and re-elected in 1893. During 1893-94 he was president of the council. He resigned from the council to take his seat on the bench. In the fall of 1893 he was nominated and elected judge of the Common Pleas Court for the first subdivision of the fourth district, and began his duties October 28, 1894. Judge Morris twice received re-election, and on October 27, 1909, retired from the bench to take up private practice, with offices first in the Ohio Building and now in the Nicholas Building. The lawyers who appeared before him while he was judge have a high appreciation of the dignity, impartiality, and even temper with which he administered his office and a similar impression was carried away by the various parties to litigation in his court, and it has been said that there was never an act or ruling of his which tended in any way to discredit his splendid qualifications for the bench. On December 27, 1894, Judge Morris married Miss Fannie May Darling, who was born in Hyde Park, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston, and is a daughter of the late Colonel Henry A. and Mary (Newcomb) Darling. Judge and Mrs. Morris became the parents of three children : Lindley Warren, Jr., who was born and educated at Toledo, and is now connected with the Simmons Hardware Company of St. Louis ; Hattie Darling, who is a native of Toledo and is a member of the class of 1916 in the Ursuline Convent ; and Willis Hamilton, who died in infancy. Judge Morris is a member of the Lucas County Bar Association, Ohio State Bar Association, Toledo Commerce Club, and the National Union. ALFRED WATKINS SHIELDS. A well known member of the Toledo bar, with offices in the Spitzer Building, Alfred Watkins Shields gained his early successes in law at Columbus. The greater part of his time since coming to Toledo has been devoted to real estate. A son of the late Dr. Thomas P. Shields and Elizabeth J. (Ford) Shields, his father a distinguished Ohio physician whose career is described on other pages, Alfred Watkins Shields was born in Cartersville, Virginia, April 3, 1866, and in the following year was brought by his parents to Union County, Ohio, settling in Millcreek Township. Alfred W. Shields was not only the son but the beloved companion of his father as long as he lived. There was an unusual strength of intimacy in their relations. Doctor Shields was approaching death on his son Alfred's forty-sixth birthday. Saying that he could not die on Alfred's birthday, and sadden that occasion, he accomplished, apparently by sheer will and determination, the task of living a few hours longer, and it was not until seven minutes past midnight and at the beginning of the next day that his life came to a close. 1008 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO Reared at the old home in Union County, Alfred W. Shields was given excellent educational advantages which he wisely improved. Besides the common schools he attended Ohio Central College a few terms, and then went back East to his father's alma mater, the Washington and Lee University at Lexington, Virginia. He completed his training in that historic seat of learning that dates back to the proudest days of the old. Dominion, and was graduated from its law department in June, 1891. While in the university he came under the instruction of that distinguished statesman, lawyer and jurist, John Randolph Tucker. Shortly after his graduation Mr. Shields began practice at Columbus. He possessed the native ability, had been thoroughly grounded in jurisprudence at college, and his energy and industry soon enabled him to reach a place among the leading lawyers of the capital city. While in Columbus his offices were in the Capital Trust Building. During 1901-02 he served as assistant director of law under Mayor John N. Hinkle of Columbus. On May 1, 1910, Mr. Shields removed to Toledo, and while keeping his law offices in the Spitzer Building, he has devoted his time chiefly to dealing and handling real estate. Politically he is a democrat. In Masonry his affiliations are with Toledo Lodge No. 144 Free and Accepted Masons, Toledo Chapter No. 161, Royal Arch Masons, Toledo Council No. 33, Royal and Select Masters, Toledo Commandery No. 7, Knights Templar, and he also belongs. to Joseph Dowdall Lodge, No. 144, Knights of Pythias, at Columbus. He is a member of the Bar Association of Franklin County, Ohio, is a member of the Maumee Yacht Club of Toledo, and attends worship in the Trinity Episcopal Church. His home is at 94 Wildwood Road. On December 1, 1897, he married Almeda H. Houstle of Columbus. EDWARD H. RHOADES. The success attained by the late Edward H. Rhoades as a lawyer and business man in Toledo was only one feature and manifestation of a life distinguished by disinterested service in many fields, by devotion to the highest things of life and by singular personal purity and Christian practice and idealism. For about forty-five years he had been identified with the City of Toledo. He died April 23, 1913, while seeking rest and recuperation at Tryon, North Carolina. Edward Henry Rhoades was born on a farm near Skaneateles, Onondaga County, New York, February 13, 1843, and consequently was a little past seventy when he passed away. He was christened Edwards, not Edward, in honor of his Grandmother Edwards, who was directly related to the historic family of Jonathan Edwards, the great New England divine. While being reared on a New York State farm he attended the common schools, was graduated from the Munro Collegiate Institute at Elbridge, and subsequently for a time taught in the district schools and also in the Munro Collegiate Institute. From there he came west and entered the Law School of the University of Michigan, where he graduated in 1868 and at once established himself in practice at Toledo. Of his business career the best statement is found in the pastor's address at the memorial services held in the Washington Street Congregational. Church "Mr. Rhoades began his public career in 1868, when he commenced his practice of law in this city. For nearly half a century he has been identified with the business of the city. He has served countless clients with steadfast integrity and conspicuous fidelity. There are homes without number whose inner life he has helped to better and whose problems he has helped to solve. No breath of suspicion ever lingered round his name. It is a great service he has rendered this community by this spotless record of work well done. He has sought the reward of a good conscience rather than that of this world's goods. He has lived `above the fog, in public duty and in private thinking,' sun-crowned with the approval of his neighbors and the honor of his God." The late Mr. Rhoades was a director of the Dime Savings Bank Company of Toledo, and a director and for many years vice president of the Blade Printing and Paper Company. He was for several years president of the Toledo Bar Association, and for a number of years was a member of the committee appointed by the Supreme Court of the State of Ohio to examine candidates for admission to the bar. When the Washington Street Congregational Church was organized in 1873, Mr. Rhoades was chosen clerk of the board and held that office until his death. Not a single line had ever been written in the church records except those penned by Mr. Rhoades up to the time of his demise. In fact, Christian duties and his obligations to his church HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1009 and its interests were always first and foremost in his life. In the words of his pastor: "All personal interests were secondary to his service here. No day was too hot or too cold to keep him from his place. No other organization or opportunity were equal, in his mind, to the work of the church. He never refused to do what he was asked to do. He could cheerfully step aside to give another leadership. Captain or private, he was always on the firing line. There is scarcely any position in this church and Sunday school which he has not held with honor, dignity and loyalty. A teacher continuously since July, 1871, twice assistant superintendent of the school and once superintendent ; treasurer of the church; a trustee for ten years ; a deacon for thirty-four years ; and clerk from the time of the organization forty years ago in October." Besides his long official connection with the Washington Street Congregational Church and its historic Marion Lawrence Sunday School, he was a corporate member of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions; a member of the Laymen's Missionary Movement Committee of Toledo; for several years registrar of the Toledo Association of Congregational Churches. Any office to him was only an opportunity and command for personal service. Consequently he took seriously his election as a corporate member of the American Board, and gave generously of his money and his energy to the cause. Mr. Rhoades was survived by his widow and two sons, Edward H., Jr., and John D. For many years these sons with their father main-tained a law office in the Nasby Building, and the two sons now carry on the law business founded by their father under the name Rhoades & Rhoades. In conclusion, for an estimate of his per-sonal life and character, there should be quoted a few sentences from one of the me-morial tributes paid to him : "Since boyhood we have been intimate, this dear brother and I; and I have never heard him say a word which might not have been spoken in the bosom of his family, in the circle of his intimate friends. It has seemed to me that absolute purity, cleanliness and unselfishness of life had a home in him. He had a genius for kindness and sympathy. He had a great joy in being helpful. He. was a thoughtful man, a man of deep convictions, of high sense f duty, of constant effort to make real his noble ideals. In a remarkable degree he had the spirit and mind that was in Christ. These words spoken of him have been large words. No man is without faults. He would not have it left unsaid that he owed every good trait in his character to Jesus Christ. To him Jesus was the most real and the nearest personal life in the world: He knew that nothing but good had come to him through Jesus Christ. Now, whatever theories or speculations a man may hold, such an experience and such a character as that f Edward H. Rhoades must be an interesting and compelling argument for vital and saving Christianity." DAVID LEANDER STINE. Oil the basis of work accomplished it may be properly claimed for the firm f David L. Stine & Son, architects, that it represents the best ideals f the profession and has a patronage second to none among the firms of architects in Northwest Ohio. Inheriting some degree f mechanical skill and artistic conception from his ancestors, David Leander Stine has applied himself to his work as an architect for many years, and more recently has had associated with him his son Sidney L., who is a graduate in architec-tural engineering from the University of Pennsylvania. David Leander Stine was born at Crestline, Crawford County, Ohio, January 4, 1857, a son of Adam W. and Hannah (Wentz) Stine of Pennsylvania ancestry. His father, who who was born at Womelsdorf, Berks County, Pennsylvania, was a manufacturer and builder. The mother was born at Landisburg in Perry County, Pennsylvania. With a high school education, David L. Stine took up practical work in the office of a prominent architect in Chicago, Illinois, and largely by self application became an archi-tect. For many years he has had his office and headquarters in Toledo and is architect and designer f many of the handsome and public and private buildings f that city. He designed the Lucas County Court House and jail. the hospital for tuberculosis patients, various other public and private structures, and as architect f the Toledo Board of Education in 1910-11 designed the Jessup W. Scott and Morrison R. Waite High Schools. Mr. Stine was one f the incorporators and for seven years was a member of the Board of Trustees of the Toledo Museum of Art. He is a member of Toledo Chapter of the American Institute of Architects. belongs to the Toledo Automobile Club, the Yacht Club. 1010 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO and the Toledo Tile Club. He is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite and Knight Templar Mason, being affiliated with Toledo Lodge No. 144, Free and Accepted Masons, Toledo Commandery and Miami Grand Lodge of Perfection, A. A. R. His church is the Trinity Episcopal. On June 7, 1882, at Toledo he married Adelaide Delia Gibbs, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. D. W. Gibbs of Toledo. Her father, who is now living retired at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Stine, was a very prominent architect and while active in the profession designed many large public and private buildings both in this state and elsewhere. Mrs. Stine's mother, now deceased, was a real daughter of the War of 1812. Mrs. Stine is a member of Ursula Wolcott Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution and of Peter Navarre Chapter of the Daughters of 1812. Sidney L. Stine, only son of Mr. and Mrs. Stine, graduated from the Toledo High School in the class of 1903, and from the University of Pennsylvania in 1907. Since then he has been associated with his father under the firm name of David L. Stine & Son, with offices in the Valentine Building at Toledo. REV. BENEDICT ROSINSKT, since 1907 pastor of St. Hedwig's Catholic Church of Toledo, has devoted thirty years of his life to the active ministry, all in Ohio, and has done a great and noble work, especially as a leader in Polish congregations. St. Hedwig's is probably the largest Polish parish in Northwest Ohio. The parish of St. Hedwig was founded in the spring of .1876. Prior to that time priests from Cleveland had occasionally visited the few families of the mission. Father V. Lewandoski undertook the organization of the new parish. Father Lewandoski came from Poland, and it was due to his efforts that nine lots were purchased in January, 1876, for the consideration of thirty-five hundred dollars. In the following spring was begun the erection of a combination church and school house. This building, dedicated in November, 1876, was 33x33 feet in dimensions, and two stories high. A parish house was built at the same time and also a home for the Franciscan sisters who came from Rochester, Minnesota, to take charge of the school. Pupils were received in the fall of 1877. At the present time the enrollment in the school is about eleven hundred, with eighteen instructors. After nearly ten years of constructive labors Father Lewandoski was succeeded in June, 1885, by Rev. C. Augustinski who re-mained at St. Hedwig's until February 17, 1886. At that date the original church Was destroyed by fire. To take charge of the re-construction and rehabilitation one of the ablest priests of Ohio was called in, Rev. J. M. Koudelka, who was at that time and for many years afterwards pastor of St. Michael's parish in Cleveland, and who in 1908 was consecrated as bishop, being now bishop of the Diocese of Superior, Wisconsin. Father Koudelka rebuilt the church edifice, the second structure being much larger and handsomer than the old building. thine 27, 1886, it was rededicated by Bishop Gilmore. Soon afterwards Rev. Father Wieczorek was installed as the regular pastor. In the sum-mer of 1886 a frame building was erected as a parish house at a cost of sixteen hundred dollars. In 1886 the parish had seventy-five families. Then ensued, along with the rapid growth of Toledo, an influx of Polish people so that by 1890 there were four hundred families in the parish. This necessitated expansion. In May, 1890, forty lots were pur-chased by the pastor from his own private fortune, and one half of these, the west portion of the tract, were donated by him to the parish. This property is bounded by Dexter, LaGrange and Thompson streets, the frontage being on LaGrange Street for a distance of 160 feet, and the grounds extending back 300 feet. The present church building was begun in the spring of 1891, and was completed in October, 1892. St. Hedwig's Church is an imposing structure built of Sandusky blue sandstone, is Gothic in design, and of excellent proportions of architectural lines. Of special artistic merit are the stained glass windows, and five altars of finest material and workmanship. The furnishings throughout are complete and appropriate. The dimensions of St. Hedwig's are 60x160 feet with a transept of 75 feet. The cost of the building was approximately $65,000. The parish house, of the same material as the church, was built in 1900 at a cost of $10,000, and since then a new school house of Sandusky sandstone has been added to the group. As a result of continued increase in the Polish population, a few years ago it became HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1011 necessary to divide St. Hedwig's and that resulted in the adjoining parish of St. Adalbert. The association of Father Rosinski as pastor of St. Hedwig's during the past ten years has been a marked period of rapid progress both in the material and spiritual condition of the parish. A man of the highest aims, with a genius for constructive labors, he has to a remarkable degree transfused his ideals among the people, and few of his contemporaries have accomplished so much for Ohio Catholicism. Benedict Rosinski was born in Mogilno, Province of Posen, Poland, March 20, 1860, a son of Sylvester and Caroline (Lewandoski) Rosinski. Both parents spent all their lives in Poland. Beginning his education in the neighborhood of his native home, Father Rosinski continued his studies for nine years in the Royal Colleges of Gnesen and Kulm. He graduated with the highest honors of scholarship. After this preliminary preparation Father Rosinski in 1882 came to Cleveland, Ohio, and entered St. Marys Seminary as a theological student. The next five and a half years were spent there which gave him a splendid preparation for his work in the priesthood. Ordained to the priesthood December 17, 1887, his first parish was St. Mary's at Sandusky, a German congregation. From there after two years nine months he was transferred to St. Adalbert's Polish Church at Berca, Ohio, where he remained two years, and on June 8, 1892, was called to the pastorate of St. Stanislaus Ohurch at Cleveland, one of the largest parishes in the Diocese of Cleveland, where he remained fourteen years. With the ability which has characterized him since his introduction to the priesthood he directed the affairs of this parish until he accepted the call to St. Hedwig's Church at Toledo on September 1, 1907. It was with sincere regret that the people of St. Stanislaus witnessed his departure. Father Rosinski, while distinguished by great executive and practical ability has a foundation of culture that gives him a rare charm to all who have the opportunity of his acquaintance. He is a lover of the best in literature and has a decided bent for theological and historical research. He is dean of the Toledo Deanery, comprising the churches of Lucas and Ottawa Counties. An accomplished linguist, he cohverses readily in Polish, English, Bohemian, German and Latin, and has preached fluently in Polish, English and German. NATHAN GARDNER. One of the last surviving members of that little corterie of pioneers who were acquainted with and identified with Lucas County from the early '30s was Nathan Gardner, who died at Toledo, March 29, 1904, aged eighty-five years eleven months twenty-four days. For almost seventy-five years, three-quarters of a century, he had lived in Lucas County, and that long time gave him a host of associations and memories that made this locality for him the fairest part of the world. His was a useful and honorable career. Within the lines of normal but concentrated business activity he won prosperity that is most men's ambition, and with admiration for his substantial material attainments his fellow citizens also commended his fine integrity and his valuable citizenship. Besides his own work he gave to the world a fine family of worthy children. He was born at Wolcott, Wayne County, New York, April 5, 1819, and was a boy of eleven years when he arrived in Toledo. He was the oldest in a family of three children born to Robert and Catherine (Chapple) Gardner. Robert Gardner came to this country as a British soldier at the beginning of the War of 1812. Not long afterwards he left the British army and went over to the side of the Americans in their struggle, and fought with them until the close of the war. For a number of years he lived in Wayne County, New York, and then in 1830 emigrated with his family to the wilderness of Northwestern Ohio, settling in Lucas County. Here he bought a small lot of land, and proceeded to clear a space among the woods on which to build his log cabin. It was soon completed and the family took possession of their new home and began the struggle of pioneers. Robert Gardner lived on the old homestead in Lucas County until his death at the advanced age of seventy-eight. His wife was a native of New York State and died at the age of thirty-five. The late Nathan Gardner thus grew up amid pioneer surroundings and influences, and such education as he obtained was from the common schools of that day. He could go to school only when the business of the home farm was not urgent and requiring his personal attention. Like many of the sons of early settlers he learned all the arts of wood craft and was himself a skillful hunter. 1012 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO His career was largely spent as a substantial farmer, though in early manhood he came to know all the varieties of experience as a sailor on the Great Lakes. He did his first sailing at the age of nineteen, on a boat running between Toledo and Buffalo, and altogether spent about five seasons on the water. At the end of that time he had become convinced the life of a mariner was not his true vocation, and he then returned to Lucas County and with his savings bought a tract of forty acres of wild uncultivated land. He cleared that up and spent all his active years of accomplishment in that vicinity. When he started his clearing Toledo was but a small village. The land that comprised his subsequently fertile and productive farm he bought for $1.25 an acre. It was covered with a heavy growth of timber. Mr. Gardner was not only young but had the rugged strength of the typical early settler, and he worked .earnestly early and late in clearing and cultivating and adding improvcments. In these tasks he had the occasional help of his friends and neighbors, but it was due to his own industry and determination that he cventually succeeded. His first home was a substantial log cabin, set in the midst of lofty trees. Gradually other improvements appeared, and in a few years the Gardner home was the center of a fine farm. For a number of years after he started making a home there he gained a large part of his meat supply from the deer and other wild game that was so plentiful. On that old farm in Oregon Township east of Toledo Nathan Gardner lived from 1844 until his death fifty years later. In that time he had been an eye witness of many remarkable transformations, and his own work was not an inconsiderable factor in making Lucas County what it now is. He gave public spirited interest to all local improvements in Oregon Township, and his own example as a farmer and stock raiser was valuable to his friends and neighbors. In politics he was an old Jackson democrat, and for a number of years wielded more than an ordinary individual influence in local affairs. He was called to fill the responsibilities of such offices as supervisor, assessor, school director and other local positions. Though not a member of any church he gave freely to the support of all of them, and his influence could always be counted upon as an aid to any enterprise for the betterment of the community. On February 12, 1851, Nathan Gardner married Sarah Ridout. She was born in England and died October 8, 1888. Her entire married life was spent on the old farm where she first went to housekeeping. To their union were born eight sons and two daughters, and all of these except one daughter are still living. Robert S. Gardner, the oldest, is now serving as sheriff of Lucas County. Thaddeus, second in age, is a farmer in Oregon Township. Isaac N. is also a resident of Oregon Township. Marie Catherine is the wife of George W. Oakwood of Toledo. Wallace W. lives in Toledo. Grant G. is a miner in the State of Nevada. John is a carpenter of Toledo. Addie, who died in 1913, married James E. Rabbitt, and it was at their home that Nathan Gardner dicd. Nathan J. is a mail carrier in Toledo. Malcolm M. is also connected with the mail service in Toledo. Among the old timers and many personal friends in and about Toledo Mr. Gardner was known affectionately as "Uncle Nate." He outlived most of his early contemporaries among the settlers of Lucas County, and had been in the county six years before the late Elijah Woodruff came to the county. During the Civil war Nathan Gardner, though quite an old man at the time, was active and served in Company A of the One Hundred and Thirtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was afterwards a member of Ford Post, Grand Army of the Republic, and that organization had charge of his funeral. ROBERT S. GARDNER. In November, 1914, the people of Lucas County elected Robert S. Gardner as sheriff, his official term beginning January 3, 1915, for two years. In 1916 he was re-elected by over 11,000 plurality. Under the system of local government prevailing in most American states the office of sheriff is easily one of the most important. As the executive court officer and responsible manager of the county prison he has a wide range of duties. During the first year of his term Mr. Gardner distinguished himself for efficiency and an administration in the best interests of law and order. Both as a man and citizen he justly commands confidence. He is a son of the late Nathan and Sarah (Rideout) Gardner, who were Lucas County pioneers, reference to whose careers has been made on other pages. Mr. Gardner himself has spent all his active life in Lucas County, and before entering upon his present office had become widely HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1013 known as a conscientious and skillful mechanic in the carpenter's trade. He was born on his father's farm in Oregon Township, of Lucas County, August 3, 1854, and received his education in the district schools. Until about twenty years of age he helped with the farming on the old homestead and as a farm hand for others. At twenty-two he took up the carpenter's trade, and after completing his apprenticeship followed it as his regular vocation for thirty-one years. He is a member of Local Union No. 25, Carpenters and Joiners of America. Nearly all his work has been done in Toledo, and he has been employed on some of the most exacting and important contracts in the city. For eight years Sheriff Gardner was con-nected with the state militia of Ohio. During the last two years of his service he was guartermaster sergeant. He was a member of Company C, Sixteenth Infantry, Ohio National Guards. Politically he has always been identified with the democratic organization. For eight years he served as assessor in Oregon Town-ship and for two terms was assessor in the City of Toledo. He served four years as a member of the city council, representing the old Thirteenth Ward (now Fifteenth). Mr. Gardner is affiliated with the Order of Elks, the Loyal Order of Moose and the Foresters of America at Toledo and also belongs to the East Side Commercial Club. On September 10, 1889, he married, in East Toledo, Miss Loretta Rabbitt, daughter of Michael and Jennie (Radbone) Rabbitt of Toledo. Her parents are still living, and her father is a member of the firm of M. Rabbitt & Sons, contractors, who constructed the county jail which is now under. the adminis-tration of Sheriff Gardner. Mrs. Gardner was born and reared and received her educa-tion in Toledo. Sheriff Gardner finds his chief recreation outside of business in hunting and fishing. He is a member of the International Sheriffs' Association of the United States and Canada. JAMES CANNON LOCKWOOD. Few families have had such substantial influence in the growth and upbuilding of various sections of Northern Ohio from pioneer days to the present as the Lockwoods. The old family seat is chiefly at Milan, in Erre County, Ohio, though various members of the family have been well known in affairs in Cleveland, Toledo and elsewhere. Because of the wide- Vol. II-23 spread influence of his activities some space should be devoted in this publication. to the career of the late James Cannon Lockwood. He belonged to that fine stock of Connecticut people who did so much toward the early settlement and development of Northern Ohio. He was born in Norwalk, Connecticut, November 11, 1814. His life of signal usefulness came to a close at his home in Milan, Ohio, November 26, 1890. His parents were George and Mary (Cannon). Lockwood, both natives of Norwalk. After their marriage and the birth of some of their children they came west and found homes in that district of Northern Ohio variously known as the West-ern Reserve and also the Connecticut Fire Lands. The Lockwoods were of old New England ancestry, and during the Revolution their home and much of their property was destroyed by the raiding British redcoats. It was to recompense them in a measure for these losses that they were granted a tract of land in Northern Ohio. In the maternal line the Cannons were equally prominent. George Cannon left his old home in Connecticut in 1814, before the close of the War of 1812, long before the Erie Canal was completed, and made the entire trip across the intervening wilderness by ox cart. He and others founded the Town of North Milan, Ohio. Various members of the Cannon family were prominent in the founding and development of the towns of Norwalk and Milan. These early colonists were granted 500,000 acres of fire land south of Lake Erie. George Cannon stood as a leader among these early settlers, and in many ways impressed his influence upon early affairs. History gives him credit for having been chiefly responsible for the construction of the canal between Milan and the waters of Lake Erie. It was this canal which more than any other factor made Milan for a number of years the greatest market for the concentration of grain products in the western world. All the great grain commis-sion men of the time had offices at Milan, and from there the cargoes were sent east by boats not only to American ports but also to foreign countries. George Cannon for some years operated a shipyard and owned a number of grain elevators of the old type. Of such sterling ancestry, it is not strange that the late James Cannon Lockwood became in his generation prominent as a banker and citizen in Milan. and vicinity. For some years he conducted a store at Milan, and the old building is still standing. After selling out 1014 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO that business he engaged in banking, and also owned large interests in lake boats. His investments were also turned to real estate in Cleveland and the various sections of Northern Ohio. He was president and founder of the Milan Banking Company, his principal associate being L. L. Stoddard, who was cashier. He continued as president of the bank from the time of its organization until his death. He had grown up in the primitive times of Northern Ohio. When only fourteen years of age he left school and frpm that time forward was self supporting and was really the architect of his own fortune and destiny. His name for years was a synonym for integrity and for that indubitable quality of enterprise which accomplishes large things in a large way. In politics he was a republican, and though he never consented to hold an office he exercised considerable influence in his section of the state. On September 15, 1880, in Cleveland, James C. Lockwood married Miss Mary Chapman.. She represented a very prominent family, and was a daughter of George and Elizabeth (Storer) Chapman, formerly residents of Brooklyn, now a part of Cleveland. George Chapman came from Portland, Maine, while his wife was a native of Zanesville, Ohio. After the death of Mr. Lockwood, in 1890, Mrs. Lockwood married L. V. McKesson, president of the McKesson & Cone Real Estate Company of Toledo, where Mrs. McKesson resided for a number of years until her death on January 21, 1914. At the time of her death she was seventy-three years of age, and had bephilanthropic in church and philanthropic as well as social circles in Toledo. She was an active member of the Epworth Methodist Episcopal Church of Toledo and she gave the site for that church at West Delaware and Parkwood avenues. She was for twelve years a member of the board of the Toledo Hospital, and one of the board of trustees of the Young Women 's Christian Association. She was a member of Ursula Wolcott Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. By her first marriage Mrs. McKesson left a son, Jay C. Lockwood, of Toledo. She was also survived by three step-children, George L. McKesson, Miss Jennie McKesson, both of Toledo, and Mrs. J. W. Brandau of Clarksville, Tennessee. HORACE S. WALBRIDGE. It IS frequently difficult to discriminate among the individual factors in a city's growth and upbuilding. The difficulty is not present in considering the career of the late Horace S. Walbridge. He had a few peers and associates, but in the third of a century from the early '50s until the late '80s there was none whose position was of more unqualified prominence and whose interests and resources touched and vitalized more of the business, industrial, civic and philanthropic institutions not only of Toledo, which for so many years represented his home city, but the entire Maumee Valley. A great deal of the important history of this section of the country is reflected in his personal biography. Into a lifetime of less than sixty-five years he crowded manifold activities. He was born July 21, 1828, in Syracuse, New York, anJanuaryt his home in Toledo Jfinuary 31, 1893. For several years before his death he had been closing up his affairs and withdrawing front many enterprises which had felt the stimulus of his judgment and management, and it will serve to indicate somewhat his prominence as a business man to note the institutions with which he was still officially identified when death took him away. He was then vice president of the Toledo Gas Light and Coke Company ; president of the Western Electric Light and Power Company ; president of the Woodlawn Cemetery Association ; a director of the Superior Consolidated Land Company in Superior, Wisconsin, and in a public way was a member of the board of elections. He came of substantial stock, being a son of Chester and Mary (Walbridge) Walbridge. In 1831, when he was three years of age, the family moved from New York State to Columbus, Ohio. Chester Walbridge there became a member of the firm of Bond & Walbridge, merchants. Two years later, in 1833, he moved his family to the Town of Toledo. His family then consisted of his wife and three sons, Hiram, Horace S. and Heman D. At Toledo the father became identified with real estate interests. On their arrival at Toledo Horace S. Walbridge had just about reached school age. School facilities were very limited and meager at that time, and the late Mr. Walbridge never boasted of a liberal education, though he had learned the fundaMentals in the Toledo schools and had that great endowment of natural ability which enabled him to acquire a liberal education by his own experience. When only HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1015 twelve years of age he became a clerk for Stephen Marsh, who was then one of the pioneer merchants of the town. Later he was with Charles G. McKnight in a similar service for eighteen months. Then, at the age of fourteen, he went to Palmyra, Michigan, as clerk in the store of Walter A. Titus & Company. During the winter of 1845-46 he superintended the construction of a sawmill at Ottawa Lake, Michigan. This sawmill was designed largely for sawing material for the track of the old Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad. In the spring of 1846 Young Walbridge, then eighteen years of age, invested in a stock of straw hats, made by the French people at the Bay Settlement in Monroe County, Michigan, and took them to Cincinnati to dispose of them. Soon afterward he entered upon a new phase of his career which brought him into active touch with the great commission business of the Middle West and also the transportation, banking and industrial affairs in and around Toledo. At Toledo he became an employe of Thomas Watkins, who was then doing a forwarding and commission business. Partly as a result of the Irish potato famine in 1846-47 there followed a year or so of enormous speculation in grain, and during that eager and bustling time young Walbridge was bearer of special market news to the agent of the house at Adrian, Michigan. On horseback he made the trip of thirty-three miles in four hours. In August, 1852, came the death of Mr. Watkins, and Mr. Walbridge, then twenty-four years of age, took charge of the business of P. Buckingham & Company of Toledo. The following winter he traveled extensively along the line of the old Wabash and Erie Canal, and invested an aggregate of about $1,500,000 chiefly in breadstuffs and hog products. He was thus the medium for distribution of an immense sum of money for those days, and it is said that one-half of the currency was forwarded by mail from eastern banks without the record of a single loss. Mr. Walbridge's ability and energy were then rated at a salary of $1,000 per year, which was a very generous amount for that time. At the end of the year he became a member of the firm, and continued such until the business closed, February 1, 1857. It was succeeded by the commission house of Brown, Walbridge & King. Here were three names then and later conspicuous in Toledo commerce. His partners were the late Matthew Brown and Frank J. King. Another reorganization occurred later when the firm became Brown, Walbridge & Company and still later H. S. Walbridge & Company, the other partner being Ebenezer Walbridge. This firm continued until the spring of 1868. It was from the beginning one of the strongest and most successful commission houses in Toledo, and its sterling reputation was recognized in all the important centers of the Middle West. In 1865 the house of Walbridge, Watkins & Company was established at Chicago, and was continued there until the senior member withdrew from the grain and commission trade at Toledo in order to direct his attention to other matters, including real estate. In 1869 Mr. Walbridge was appointed one of the trustees under the Ferguson bill in the construction by the City of Toledo of the Toledo & Woodville Railroad. He was subsequently president of the board five years, while the line was being constructed. For at least twenty years Mr. Walbridge was prominent as a Toledo banker. He was president of the Northwestern Savings Bank during its existence, was one of the first directors of the organization of the Second and of the Northern National banks, and remained on the board of each institution for some time. He was one of three Toledo citizens who, with seven other associates, brought about the construction of the Columbus & Toledo Railroad. He was also one of the five whose action was chiefly responsible for the Detroit & Toledo connection with the Canada Southern Railway. Some of Toledo's most important early industries grew and flourished largely because Mr. Walbridge supplied capital and his judgment as a manager. In 1868, with Matthew Shoemaker, he took part in establishing the Union Manufacturing Company, which for a number of years was one of the most prosperous enterprises of the city. He was a large stockholder and was manager of the Maumee Rolling Mill, which was commenced in 1882 and completed and put in operation in November, 1884. About the time the plant was opened there occurred an extreme depression in the iron trade, and the mill was suspended, and the plant burned April 9, 1887. It was rebuilt, largely of iron construction, and was operated with natural gas as fuel from the recently opened gas fields. In February, 1888, it started operations, giving employment to 500 men. These two were not all of the enterprises to which Mr. Walbridge gave his attention. 1016 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO For many years he was interested in Toledo real estate and owned and handled many important sections of city property. It was chiefly through his efforts that the Woodlawn Cemetery was provided. He could not be considered a politician, though some offices came to him, but his best service was rendered as a business man, and in those quasi-public positions which carry heavy responsibility. but practically no remuneration and are not the prizes of politics. He was a republican from the time the party was organized. For several years he was a member of the Toledo City Council, and as already stated, he was on the board of elections at the time of his death. He was president of the Lincoln Club of Toledo in 1864 and of the Grant Club in 1868. In 1879 he was a republican candidate for the State Senate, and though running more than 1,000 votes ahead of his party ticket in Lucas County, he was unable to overcome the normal democratic majority in his district. He positively declined to become a candidate for Congress in 1880, though his nomination would probably have been equivalent to election. After all his busy career as a merchant, banker, railroad builder, industrial leader, he never neglected those interests which were always an intimate part of his life and character, church, home and every moral institution. The definite details of this phase of his life can only be spoken of in general terms. He would have been the last to permit a specific record of his benevolences. It is known that he was almost constantly searching out the worthy poor, but the individuals benefited were often unaware of the source whence came their aid. He was one of the founders of the Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church of Toledo and for over thirty years was a vestryman. He gave generously of his means for the upbuilding of the church and for other churches, since he was not rigidly sectarian. As an officer and liberal supporter, he was prominent in the organization and maintenance of the Protestant Orphans' Home, the Home for Friendless Women and the Protestant Hospital. He was president of the Toledo Society for the Suppression of Vice. If the features of his career have been mentioned with due proportion and discrimination, it is evident that the late Mr. Walbridge was a man of absolute democratic simplicity and a fine type of the American business man of the past century. He was in fact very quiet and unassuming in demeanor, and in many ways exemplified that old classic ideal, " fortiter in re, suaviter in modo." He took life as he found it, but was always ready to work for the amelioration of evil conditions, and he was always animated by an optimism and a belief that the world was getting better. Those who remember his many acts of kindness and love recall that his benevolence was especially prominent along about the Christmas season of the year. On October 18, 1854, Horace S. Walbridge married Miss Isabella D. Watkins of New Bedford, Massachusetts. Mrs. Walbridge, who survived her husband many years and died at her home in Toledo December 17, 1909, was born May 13, 1831, in Westport, Massachusetts, daughter of Thomas W. and Mary (Davis) Watkins. After her marriage she came to Toledo as a bride, and for almost forty years they traveled life 's highway together. She was an active member of the Trinity Episcopal Church and one of its most devoted communicants. Mr. and Mrs. Walbridge were the parents of five children, and three of them are still living. Thomas H. is the oldest. Mrs. N. Grace Secor is the wife of Arthur J. Secor of Toledo. Mary D. is the wife of E. W. Newton of Los Angeles, Calif ornia. THEODORE B. ALLEN. About twenty years ago Theodore B. Allen conceived the idea of developing what is now known as Toledo Beach, that magnificent stretch of Water front around the western end of Lake Erie between Toledo and Detroit. Toledo Beach is located sixteen miles from Toledo, and is about twelve miles across the state line in Michigan. From the genesis of the idea until the present Mr. Allen has concentrated most of his efforts and energy to the development of Toledo Beach, and he has already seen many of his plans and ideals realized. He is one of the most enterprising of Toledo's real estate men and has been a resident of that city for the past twenty-two years. He was born near Kipton in Lorain County, Ohio, December 11, 1871, a son of Charles W. and Ruth (Beach) Allen. His mother died at Syracuse, New York, in 1912, while visiting a daughter there. The father has since lived in Toledo. He was born in Lorain County, his people having come west from Connecticut to the Western Reserve and settled in Lorain County in pioneer times. The mother was born at Auburn in Cayuga County, New York. Charles W. Allen has HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1017 been a farmer all his life, but is now past eighty years of age and is taking life at ease. His six children, four sons and two daughters, are all living: W. E. Allen, a resident of Woodstock, New York ; R. W. Allen, a resident of Oberlin ; Marietta, widow of the late Fred E. McCaskey of Toledo ; Theodore B. ; Laura, Mrs. Wallace W. Washburn, of Syracuse, New York ; and Charles J., a resident of Elmore, Ohio. All the children were born in Lorain County, except Charles J., who was born at Erie, Michigan. The children were educated in the public schools of Monroe, and the two older sons attended Hillsdale College at Hillsdale, Michigan. On account of his activities in developing Toledo Beach Theodore B. Allen has sometimes been known as Toledo Beach Allen, his first initials being thus translated to indicate the main direction of his business activities. He grew up and received his early education in the public schools of Monroe, Michigan, and for a time attended the Davis Business College at Toledo. His first work in the world was as a book agent, and he made a success of that and for some time was on the road selling the "Life of Grant" and " Cram's Atlas of the World." At the age of twenty-one he went into the real estate business at Toledo, and has kept at it until he has realized a large degree of success. In traveling back and forth between Detroit and Toledo he early recognized the possibilities of the lake water front, and has done as much as any other individual to realize these possibilities. However, even at the present time this water front between two of the important cities of the Middle West is only in the infancy of its growth and improvement. One step in developing Toledo Beach was the sale of 180 acres to the Toledo Railways and Light Company. This was in the spring of 1900. Mr. Allen had bought the land in 1898. He still owns 230 acres, com-prising a mile and a half of lake front, and around the entire circle of the Great Lakes there is hardly to be found a finer beach. A feature of his plan of development has been to plant thousands of trees along the lake shore, which has wonderfully beautified a once barren stretch of beach, and Mr. Allen has his own home at Toledo Beach for eight months in the year, while the rest of the time he spends at his residence at 3150 Collingwood Avenue in Toledo. He has also built fifty cottages at the beach and most of these have been sold. Between Lakeside at Toledo and Toledo Beach the entire lake shore is solidly built up, and the same thing is true of the shore on the other side of Toledo Beach. Thus it is easy to understand the possibilities and prospects for this magnificent frontage on the lake. The next step is to secure the extension of the beach line, and then his vision of making one of the greatest summer resorts in the Middle West will be realized. Eventually the electric road will be extended to Monroe and Detroit. Mr. Allen has also handled considerable city real estate in Toledo and has done much to build up vacant property. He was active in the oil industry in Ohio until 1912 and has recently resumed his operations in that line. In the meantime he has driven more than ninety oil wells, and was one of the leaders in development of the oil fields in Northwest Ohio. In politics he is a republican, and is a member of the National Union and the Toledo Commerce Club. On June 27, 1900, at Toledo, he married Miss May McCasky, who was born at Napoleon, Ohio, daughter of the late Robert McCasky and wife. Mr. and Mrs. Allen's two children, Ester May and Theodore B., Jr., were both born at Toledo. JUDGE JOHN F. KUMLER, who died at his home in Toledo, November 30, 1910, in his seventieth year, was long one of the distinguished figures in the bench and bar of Northwest Ohio, and in many ways impressed his ability and service on the life of his state. Doubtless his dominant characteristic was a fearlessness and determination which took him into the center of every struggle in which he participated. In fact, he was a born fighter, whether on the battlefields of the South as a Union soldier, in the courtroom as a pleader of causes, or in the civic forum battling for those principles he believed to be true and just. He was a member of one of the oldest families of Montgomery County, Ohio. The late Judge Alvin W. Kumler of Dayton and the late Phillip T. Kumler of Cincinnati were his brothers. The distinguished Federal Judge K. M. Landis of Chicago and Congressman Charles Landis of Indiana are cousins of the late Judge Kumler. John F. Kumler was born near Hamilton, Ohio, January 27, 1841, a son of John and Sarah (Landis) Kumler, who came to Ohio from Pennsylvania. He was one of eleven children, eight sons and three daughters. 1018 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO In August, 1862, he answered the call of Lincoln for 300,000 men, after it was seen that the War of the Rebellion would be a long and bitter struggle, and he went out with the Eighty-third Ohio Infantry. From that time until after the surrender at Appomattox he was constantly in the thick of the fight, and was in practically the last battle of the war at Fort Blakely. This battle was fought several hours after the surrender of Lee, and would not have taken place had there been telegraphic communication between Grant's army and the Army of the Southwest. After the war he continued his studies, and in 1870 graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan. He was at once admitted to the Ohio bar and in the same year established his home in Toledo, where he resided until his death. In 1883 Judge Kumler was named by President Chester A. Arthur as revenue collector for the Northern District of Ohio. The bench and bar of Lucas County honored him particularly for his service as judge of the Common Pleas Court. He was elevated to the bench in January, 1907, to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Judge Julian H. Tyler. At the resignation of Judge Tyler arose an intense rivalry among numerous candidates for the bench, and after the contest had gone on for some weeks Governor Harris wisely followed his own inclinations, went outside the entire list of applicants, and made a personal choice. The appointment of Judge Kumler created a surprise because his name had not been mentioned, but his splendid qualifications for the post were at once accepted as the best solution of the problem of choice. From the establishment of the Miami Children's Home until his elevation to the bench Judge Kumler was a member of its board of management. For a number of years he also filled the office of president of the city council. He was an active member of the Lucas County Bar Association. As a lawyer and as a public spirited citizen Judge Kumler was always a prominent leader in the civic life of Toledo. He participated in numerous important cases and achieved a distinctive success. He was perhaps not a profound student, but an untiring worker, and when he accepted a ease that meant that every particle of his energy and zeal would be employed in behalf of his client. He was persistent, never gave up, and was as loyal to his clients and his friends as he was to his country when it was in danger. It was his wonderful vitality and undaunted spirit that enabled him so long to wage a successful fight with death. A word should also be said about his remarkable powers as a jury lawyer. He was a strikingly handsome man when in his prime, and he had a personal magnetism which enabled him to hold attention when the logic of his argument failed. His long black curly hair fell in waves over his forehead, and as he stood before a jury pleading for his clients he exhibited all the powers of a brilliant mind in a vigorous physical setting. It is said that neither bailiffs nor spectators ever fell asleep when Judge Kumler was presenting his case. During his active career he acquired a competence. He believed thoroughly in the future of Toledo, and the surplus of his law practice was judiciously invested in local real estate, Particularly he had confidence in upriver lands, and from time to time acquired acreage property until he owned several hundred acres on the east and west sides of the Maumee River between Perrysburg and Toledo. He also owned a large tract of land near Ottawa Park, on which the Thalians have erected their summer camp for consumptives. At his funeral, which was held in the faMily residence, the pastor of the First Unitarian Church of Toledo officiated. On November 11, 1879, Mr. Kumler married Miss Charlotte Langdon Williams of Toledo, daughter of Joseph R. Williams, who at one time was proprietor and editor of the Toledo Blade. Mrs. Kumler and four sons survive : John F., Jr., Langdon W., Roy W., and Fred L., all well known citizens of Toledo. HENRY P. SHANKS. A long acid useful career both in business and in public affairs came to a close with the death of Henry P. Shanks at his home at 1918 Monroe Street, Toledo, November 24, 1915. He was a native of Northwestern Ohio, was in business in Grand Rapids, Ohio, for a number of years, but had been a resident of Toledo since 1895, where he was well known as a banker, real estate dealer and public official. He was born at Scotch Ridge, Wood County, Ohio, in 1848, the second in a family of twelve sons born to Peter Shanks. He grew up on a farm. had a very limited education so far as schools were concerned, though he was always known as a thoroughly practical and well informed man. At the age of thirteen he entered a general store conducted by William HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1019 Brothers at Perrysburg, and practically grew up 'with that firm, acquiring his business experience and laying the foundation of a successful career while employed in different capacities in the business for thirteen years. In 1872 Mr. Shanks married Miss Marian H. Laskey, whose father, George Laskey, was at that time a retired general merchant of Grand Rapids, Ohio. After his marriage Mr. Shanks located in Grand Rapids, and became a member of the general merchandise firm of Gillett, Shanks & Laskey, and subsequently of Shanks & Laskey. In 1889 he removed to Ann Arbor, Michigan, lived in that city five or six years, and in 1895 came to Toledo, where he opened a real estate office. In 1908 he was elected a member of the Board of Directors of the Union Savings Bank of Toledo, and became one of the vice presidents of the bank on March 5, 1913. He deserves long to be remembered as one of the most faithful city officials. Two days before his death he attended the regular Monday night session of the city council, of which he was a member and chairman of the finance committee. He had served in the council continuously from 1908, representing the Fifth Ward, and had the record of never having missed a meeting of the legislative branch of the city government. At the time of his death he was also a member of the committees on judiciary and railways and telegraph. His services were especially appreciated in the finance committee. For a great many years Mr. Shanks had invested his surplus capital in farms and country real estate, and at the time of his death it is estimated that he owned between 1,500 and 1,800 acres in Wood and Henry counties, Ohio. Mr. Shanks was a member of the First Congregational Church of Toledo, and the pastor delivered the funeral address, after which he was laid to rest in Woodlawn Cemetery. Surviving him are Mrs. Shanks and one son, George L. Shanks, who is a prominent business man of Toledo, being president of the Palmer-Blair-Shanks Company and vice president of the Toledo Masonic Building Company. Mr. Shanks was also survived by four brothers, David, Thomas, Robert and Lewis, all of whom live at Scotch Ridge in Wood County. VICTOR M. FALARDEAU. During the year 1914 Falardeau & Company, real estate brokers and builders at Toledo, constructed fifty-two houses in Toledo and neighboring suburbs ranging in price from $3,500 to $10,000. These were constructed either on previous orders from buyers or on the responsibility of the company, and practically all of them have been sold. This is only one example of the conspicuous business enterprise and energy of Victor M. Falardeau, whose place among Toledo real estate men is one of enviable success. It was Mr. Falardeau who originated the plan now followed by the Toledo Real Estate Board of running display ads of a full column or more in a number of the daily papers in and around Toledo. He has done perhaps as much as any other individual to place the real estate business on a high standard of progressiveness, and behind his reputation there is a record of twenty years' experience in Toledo. During his boyhood he had to leave school on account of failing health, and on the advice of physicians he spent six years in the northern woods of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan working in sawmills and in lumber camps, and that experience was really the foundation of his success as a builder in Toledo. He was born October 28, 1872, in Manistee, Michigan, and attended school there until the age of sixteen. In 1893 he became associated with K. A. Collier's general store at Henderson, Michigan, and while there he met and in November, 1894, married Miss Myrtie C. Bare, daughter of John and Acelia L. Bare of Saginaw, Michigan. In March, 1895, Mr. Falardeau moved to Toledo, and for five years was associated with and gained valuable experience in the well known real estate firm of I. H. Detwiler Company. In 1900 he branched out for himself, and for the next ten years operated as a real estate broker exclusively. In 1910 he decided to take advantage of the experience gained in the lumber mills, and since then his building operations have been an important part of his business. The offices of Falardeau & Company are in the Gardner Building and there are few other concerns of the kind in Toledo that enjoy such prestige based on a continuous record of fair and square dealing. Mr. Falardeau was one of the early members of the Epworth Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is also a member of the Toledo Commerce Club, the Toledo Automobile Club and the Knights of the Maccabees. He and his wife are the parents of two sons : Walter J., who was born August 2, 1895, and graduated from the Scott High School with the class 1020 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO of 1915, being now associated with his father in business, and Rollo D., born February 2, 1898, and a member of the class of 1917 in the Scott High School. The ancestors of all the Falardeaus in this country at the present time were two brothers who came out of Normandy, France, early in the eighteenth century, one of them settling at Lorette near Quebec and becoming the ancestor of the branch known as the Lorette branch, while the other settled near Berthier and is the ancestor of the Berthier branch of the family. Victor M. Falardeau is a descendant of the Lorette branch. He is distantly related to the great artist Falardeau, who died in Italy a few years ago, leaving a very famous name. He was known as Count De Falardeau and married a grand-niece of Pope Leo XIII. WALTER C. BOND. A cablegram conveying the news of the passing away of Walter C. Bond brought grief to scores of hearts in Toledo. A few weeks before he had crossed the Atlantic in search of health, but filled with a great hope. The message from across the water conveyed the news that he had passed away in Berlin, Germany, on the 10th of April, 1913. With him at the time was his wife, but the children and parents were thousands of miles distant. Walter Carleton Bond was the son of Mr. and Mrs. Oliver S. Bond of Toledo. In that city his entire life had been passed except for brief absences in vacations and trips for health, and the year and a half in college. He was born December 5, 1882. After graduating at the Toledo High School he attended Princeton University. He left Princeton before graduation in order to enter the Merchants and Clerks Savings Bank, of which his father was president. When he was elected to the position of cashier of that bank in January, 1905, he was the youngest bank official in Toledo. His rare executive ability was soon felt, however, and the officials soon saw that no mistake had been made. To him is due the credit for the new bank building. Persistently presenting before the board of directors the handicap under which the bank was working in its cramped quarters, he persuaded them to remodel the old building into an up-to-date banking room, which it is today. Although passing away while still young in years, Walter Bond, as he was known to all his acquaintances, lived long enough for banking circles in Toledo to recognize his rare capabili ties. In social circles he was also very popular. Few knew him well who were not attached to him, and his friends were almost legion. He was always cheery. Even when the inroads of disease were felt, he maintained a cheerful manner. He fought the dread destroyer with a smile on his face. Himself he effaced as much as possible in his dealings with others, and was filled with a rare spirit of altruism. This made itself felt daily and hourly in his association with a large circle of friends and in every walk in life. All who met him either in business or society felt this spirit and responded to it. His life was clean and upright, and there is nothing in it for anyone to reject except its brevity. He was a good man, a good son, a loving husband and father, a loyal friend and a most excellent citizen. He was a lover of good literature, a great reader of books, and surrounded himself with the works of the best authors. In this way he kept his mind fresh and. impressionable. To those who knew him best he was an inspiration. Mr. Bond was married in 1905 to Miss Mae Helene Miller of Detroit. To them were born three daughters : Annette, Helene and Elizabeth. He was a member of Trinity Episcopal Church, and was a republican in politics. He was also a member of the Toledo Club, Country Club and Commerce Club. OLIVER S. BOND. At 338 Summit Street stands one of the most ornate and thoroughly equipped exclusive bank buildings in Toledo. Its title is the Merchants and Clerks Savings Bank, and from the beginning it has been conducted as a savings institution. It is a "Roll of Honor Bank," meaning that it possesses surplus and profits in excess of capital. At the close of the year 1915 its resources aggregated the magnificent sum of $2,368,505. Its capital stock is $150,000, its surplus fund is $200,000, and other undivided profits approximating nearly $65,000. The deposits at that time almost reached the figure of $2,000,000. It is a great bank, with prestige, age, influence and solid integrity. It is a fine monument to the business power of the city, and it is also a monument to its founders, to the sagacious and enterprising Toledo citizen who forty-five years ago, after much careful investigation and study of savings institutions, opened its doors and first as treasurer and for more than twenty-five years as its president has developed and expanded the bank with the years and with the growth of the city until HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1021 position and financial integrity are ,now practically impregnable, and it is now one of the 900 among the 15,000 state banks in the United States that enjoys a position as a roll of honor bank. The institution is really in the form of a monument to Oliver S. Bond. For more than fifty years a resident of Toledo, he has been one of the city's leaders and has enriched the community by his services and character. After learning of his ancestry and the early influences of his life it would be expected that he would exemplify those qualities which have been the foundation of his success. Oliver S. Bond was born June 29, 1831, on his father's farm near Richmond, Indiana. His parents, William Commons and Hannah (Lockes) Bond, were upright members of the Society of Friends. His grandfather Jesse Bond was a preacher of the Quaker faith for over sixty years and died at the age of eighty-four. His maternal grandfather William Locke sat at the head of the meeting at Economy ten miles distant from his birthplace for about the same period, and also died at the age of eighty-four. Oliver S. Bond himself at the age of sixteen was clerk of the meeting in the old meeting house which stood on his father's farm. That section of Indiana from its first settlement to the present time has been largely dominated by the people who own allegiance to the Society of Friends. His parents were substantial farming people and lived out their worthy lives on the old homestead where Oliver S. Bond was born. Their six children all grew to maturity and became useful men and women, and of these six children, only two are now living, Mrs. Samuel G. Snider of Lafayette, Indiana, and Oliver S. Bond, the subject of this review. Mr. Bond himself has almost completed his eighty-fifth year, and the family in its various branches has been long lived. One of his uncles, Nathan Bond, celebrated his sixty-seventh marriage anniversary in July, 1887 ; an aunt, Ruth Nicholson, had her golden wedding in 1886; another uncle, John A. Locke, celebrated his golden anniversary in 1887. All these people lived on neighboring farms in Eastern Indiana. The Bonds occupied one homestead near Richmond more than a century. Both they and the Commons family came out of England and Scotland and settled in Virginia near Harpers Ferry. Mr. Bond's maternal ancestors the Lockes and Mills came from England also at an early date and located near Baltimore, Maryland. His grandfather Jesse Bond moved West about 1800 and his was the first white family to cross the White Water River at Richmond, Indiana, for permanent settlement. His boyhood up to the age of nineteen Oliver S. Bond spent on his father's farm. He gained his early training in the district schools during the winter terms, and that with two terms at White Water College constituted his school privileges. Naturally studious, he did not depend altogether upon the opportunities presented during school term. While working at home and in the fields he frequently took his text books along, and when a period of rest came he improved his mind while others idled in the shade. When he left home at the age of nineteen his first place in the outside world was found at Peru, Indiana, where he became clerk in the store of Smith & Crowell. This firm at that time enjoyed an extensive trade with the Miami tribe of , Indians, who were still somewhat numerous in that locality. Mr. Bond in those early days became quite friendly with the Indians and many incidents might be given to illustrate his experience and observations of the red man of the forest. Going to New York City in 1854, he spent two years there in a wholesale dry goods and notion house and also traveled throughout the western territory making collections and soliciting trade. It was in 1856, sixty years ago, that Oliver S. Bond arrived in Toledo. His first employ-ment here was as a salesman and collector for the firm of Bell, Deveau & Company and he was with that house and its successor for two years. On July 15, 1858, with William B. Messinger, under the name Messinger & Bond, he opened the first exclusively boot and shoe house in Toledo. He developed a large and prosperous business, extending over a territory many miles around Toledo, and was in the trade for twelve years when he retired, his firm being succeeded by the house of Dewey, Rodgers & Company. In the meantime for several years Mr. Bond had been a director in The Northern National Bank. During 1878 while its president Mathew Shoemaker was absent in California, he was elected vice president and served as acting president of the institution. It was at this time that Mr. Bond conceived the plan of establishing in Toledo a bank exclusively for savings. The institution of which he is now the honored head was not born in a single night. It was a product of wise experience 1022 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO and many months of critical investigation of the principles and methods of saving institutions as conducted in New England. While in the east his arrangements for the enterprise were so far advanced that much of the requisite capital was subscribed by his personal friends and relatives. Then on returning to Toledo he brought about the organization of The Merchants & Clerks Savings Institution as it was first known, and the organization was completed on February 10, 1871. Some of the bank's history should be introduced into this sketch as quoted from a handsome pamphlet published in 1911, soon after the first bank edifice was completed and at the fortieth anniversary of the institution's history. "Early in 1871" to quote this article, "the Merchants and Clerks Savings Bank had its inception. Organized as the Merchants and Clerks Savings Institution, by Oliver Bond, who interested a large number of his friends and citizens in the enterprise, the capital was fixed at $150,000 ; and what stock was not subscribed for in Toledo was immediately placed with about fifty of the capitalists and retired merchants of New England, of whom it was stated several years later in one of the bank's advertisements, 'any one of them could assume and pay the entire deposits of the institution.' " The bank was first located in the rear of the room occupied by the Northern National Bank at 99 Summit street. A small part of the room was set aside and Oliver S. Bond, the newly elected treasurer, who for the first few months was treasurer, teller, bookkecper and messenger all in one, opened the bank for business February 10, 1871. It was stipulated that Mr. Bond was to furnish a suitable room, safe and counter for the bank's use, free of all expense to the bank, and after the business was well started in July of that year, to partly repay him, he was allowed a salary of eight hundred dollars a year. "The Toledo of forty-five years ago was a little city with great expectations. The Federal census of 1870 had given it a population of nearly thirty thousand, or about the present size of Lima or Lorain, and after the usual fashion of properly ambitious American towns, by the time the bank was opened Toledo was claiming at least five thousand more. The period of history of the Merchants and Clerks Savings Bank between 1871 and the present day (1916) is reflected by the history of the city during that time. The bank grew and its influence for sound and conservative business methods were stamped on the community. The panic of 1873 was a test of strength and endurance of all the banks of the United States. Fortunately this young institution, fortified with real capital and guided by men of courage and determination, withstood the shock of that year and came unscathed through the six depressing years following. "Matthew Shoemaker, then president of the Northern National Bank, and a man with a wide reputation for business experience and conservatism, was made the bank's first president. He continued in office and the bank prospered, moved to a larger room of its own at 78 Summit street, and accumulated deposits of over two hundred thousand dollars; when, in 1884, after thirteen years of service, during which, thanks to his fidelity and sound advice, the bank had been placed on a firm foundation and was already gaining for itself the reputation of a conservative and safely managed bank, Mr. Shoemaker retired, owing to advancing age, and was succeeded by John A. Moore. "Mr. Moore remained its president until 1888, when Oliver S. Bond, who had been treasurer of the institution since its foundation, was elected president, and continues in that office at the present time. Mr. Bond thus has the enviable distinction of having acted as an executive officer of a bank for the longest period ever served by such an official in Toledo. He is the only one of the original incorporators and the only member of the first board of directors now living. "E. Louis Schomburg succeeded Mr. Bond as treasurer (title changed to cashier in 1891). Mr. Schomburg entered the service of the bank as messenger October 1, 1872, and has occupied at one time and another every position of trust in the bank except that of president. His energies have been directed to building up the institution, and in appreciation of his long and faithful service, the directors elected him vice president in 1903 (a position he still retains in 1916). "Mr. Schomburg continued to hold the two positions of vice president and cashier until January, 1905, at which date Walter C. Bond, who had heretofore held the office of assistant cashier, was chosen cashier, and although at that time the youngest bank official in the city, he proved his executive ability and to him is due the credit for the new building into which the hank has just moved. Persistently presenting before the board of directors the handicap under which the bank was working in its cramped and uninviting quarters, he per- HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 1023 suaded them to remodel the old building into an up-to-date banking room, and in less than nine months after the demolition of the old building had been started, the new quarters were completed and the bank had moved into them. "In 1891 it seemed that the time had arrived to widen the scope of the bank's business. The city had increased in population and was enjoying the prosperity that came to northwestern Ohio through discovery of oil and natural gas. The institution surrendered its old charter and changed its title to The Merchants and . Clerks Savings Bank. The building at 338 Summit street was purchased by the bank and so remodeled that according to a newspaper clipping of that time 'it was the finest building on Summit street. Here the bank moved in the fall of 1891, and in its new location opened a commercial department and prepared to do a general banking business, having heretofore restricted itself entirely to saving accounts. The spring of 1893 found the country in the throes of a financial panic, during which the banks were tested as to their real strength and foundation ; labor was thrown out of employment, and the general depression was aggravated by short crop years. These trying times showed conclusively how solidly and with what conservatism the affairs of this bank were being managed ; and the years of prosperity which followed the depression proved that the community was appreciating its safe and careful policy." Some figures taken from the different bank statements in the past forty-five years will graphically illustrate its progressive growth and widening influence. In its first year, 1871, its deposits aggregated about twenty-seven thousand dollars. Five years later the deposits reached more than a hundred thousand dollars, and in 1881, they stood at a little more than two hundred fifty thousand dollars. Fifteen years later, in 1896, in spite of the several years of financial panic just preceding, the deposits were more than six hundred thousand dollars, and in 1902 the deposits passed the one million dollar mark. Then thirteen years later, as indicated in a previous paragraph, the deposits have climbed almost to the two million dollar mark. The two officials who have been identified with the bank from practically its beginning are Oliver S. Bond, the president, and E. Louis Schomburg, the vice president. The late Judge J. W. Schaufelberger was also a vice president until his recent death. The present cashier is Will H. Gunckel. Mr. Bond is naturally of a conservative type and that quality has been especially a controlling influence in his entire business life, and has been of the greatest value not only in guarding his own interests but those of others committed to his charge from the perils of rash and inconsiderate ventures. He has lived not only many years but a full life, has enjoyed a commanding place in his home city, and has broadened a cultivated mind by extensive travels both in America and Europe. He is a life member of several charitable and benevolent organizations, has been vice president of the Toledo Humane Society, and for many years was a trustee of the Toledo Library Association before it was merged with the Toledo Public Library. His interest in religious work has been shown in habitual attendance on public services and in a steady support of church activities. In New York City on December 23, 1863, Mr. Bond married Miss Clara A. Raymond. She was the only daughter of Hon. John Raymond. Mr. and Mrs. Bond have enjoyed a happy domestic life more than half a century, and in that time six children were born into their home and three are still living. Mrs. Bond and her children are all members of the Trinity Episcopal church. The greatest sorrow Mr. Bond has been called upon to experience was the death of his son Walter C. Bond, who died when just past thirty years of age April 10, 1913. As already mentioned he was made cashier of The Merchants and Clerks Savings Bank in 1905, being at that time the youngest bank official in the city, and at the time of his death was still the youngest bank executive in Toledo. Mr. and Mrs. Bond's living children are : Harry Bond, who resides in California; Eva R., widow of the late Judge J. W. Schaufelberger, reference to whose career is made on other pages ; and Mabel, still at home. JOHN C. D'ALTON. Again and again the attention of the entire country has been focused upon Toledo as an important battle ground in the struggle for an exemplification of clean and wholesome ideals in politics, and particularly in municipal politics. One of the most interesting personalities in this movement, particularly during the last half dozen years, is now serving as prosecuting attorney of Lucas County, John C. D 'Alton. When the campaign of 1914 was at its height the Toledo News-Bee, in its issue of October 30th 1024 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO published a forceful editorial respecting his candidacy, and it is a valuable estimate not only offr. D 'Alton's individuality but also as an analysis of the movement in general. The substance of the article is as follows : " In their many fights to gain and keep control of their own government and to defeat the selfish purposes of corporations' lobbyists and politicians, the people of Toledo have been aided by young men with ideals, young men who entered with splendid civic patriotism and zeal into the fight for a better Toledo. "Young men threw aside party chains to fight for Sam Jones in his Golden Rule non-partisan campaign. They fought with Whitlock, Maher, Thurston and other leaders of the independent non-partisan movement. They helped to prevent the Big Con from getting control of the city government and to keep the streets of Toledo in the hands of the people themselves. "Last year when an honest effort was made to revive real non-partisanship and elect Charles E. Chittenden for mayor, in order to carry on the fight for popular government started by Samuel M. Jones, no single individual worked harder or with more unselfish zeal and genuine civic patriotism than John C. D 'Alton, a young lawyer. He worked night and day for what he believed to be the public interest ; and without hope of reward other than a clean conscience and a sense of public duty faithfully performed. This year John C. D 'Alton is a candidate for prosecuting attorney. We believe his great energy, splendid ability and fine public spirit would be of great value to the people in that office. And we say this without disparagement of the honesty, integrity and faithfulness of the present incumbent, Charles Milroy." Mr. D 'Alton was elected, and in many ways the office of prosecuting attorney has shown a distinct gain since he took charge. John C. D 'Alton is a native offoledo, where he was born December 6, 1883, a son offustin L. and Agnes W. (Doherty) D 'Alton. His parents are still living in Toledo. The father was born in Ireland and the mother in Liverpool, England, but they were married in Toledo. Austin L. D 'Alton was three years of age when he first came to the United States, and his mother died at sea, largely from home-sickness for her native land. When about six years of age Austin D. Alton returned to Ireland with his father and the latter died in the old country of the typhus plague. When about twenty-one Austin D 'Alton returned to the United States, locating in New York City, where he became head cutter for one of the most widely known tailoring establishments, Brooks Brothers, and continued with them several years. While in New York he also advanced his education by attending night schools. Subsequently he removed to Toledo, where he met and married Miss Doherty, whose father, Christopher D. Doherty, was a large contractor in his time at Liverpool, England, and constructed some of the Liverpool quays. Mrs. D 'Alton was the only daughter offer family. On coming to Toledo Austin D'Alton engaged in business for himself on Summit Street, and later opened second shop on Adams Street. These two establishments were conducted under the name of the Star Tailoring Company. He also had a tailoring shop in the old Jefferson Hotel Building when it was burned. For several years he has been out of the tailoring business in Toledo, though he keeps his residence there, and now has a shop at Deshler, and goes back and forth between his business and his residence. He has long been a well known and substantial citizen of Toledo, and while an active democrat has never sought office, though at one time he was democratic candidate for infirmary director. He was one of the organizers of the Knights of Labor at Toledo in the days when that was a flourishing society, and he is still a member of the Knights of Equity. Austin D'Alton and wife are the parents of six children, three sons and three daughters, one daughter having died in infancy. The others, all of them natives of Toledo, are still living as follows : John C.; Joseph E., who is chief traveling freight agent for the Grand Trunk Railway System, with headquarters at New York City ; Mrs. Patrick Leahy of Toledo ; Mrs. P. M. Shea of Toledo ; and Austin L., Jr., of Toledo. John C. D 'Alton grew up in Toledo and attended the public schools there until he was fifteen. Though a young man of thirty-three he has been dependent upon his own exertions for nearly twenty years. For a time he was an A. D. T. messenger at Toledo and subsequently was employed as a messenger boy for the Wabash Railroad. He learned stenography, worked in that capacity for the Lake Shore Railway office at Toledo, and subsequently was stenographer with the United Grain Company, and also performed the duties offelegraph operator. Going 'back to the Lake Shore he became chief clerk and cashier in the Wagon Works station and then