800 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO DAVID WARREN HIGBY. For seventeen years David Warren Higby has been superintendent of the Children's Home of Allen County. That is a long and honorable service. To his work he brought eminent qualifications for the post. Both Mr.. and Mrs. Higby are the soul of kindness and of an affection which includes within its scope all children, especially those dependent upon. the care of others. This is particularly exemplified in the fact that they have reared several children besides their own. Tinder their kindly supervision at the Children's Home are ninety-one boys and girls, and it is one of the important philanthropic institutions of the county. There is a staff of twelve employes, and most of the produce consumed in the home is raised on the farm of 152 acres in connection. In 1911 the county built a new nursery and also a cottage for the larger boys. Born in. Kenton, Ohio, July 25, 1854, David Warren Higby represents a family that has long been identified with Northwest Ohio. His parents were Elisha and Rebecca (Priest) Higby, and his father was a native of France and a cooper by trade. Educated in the public schools, Mr. Higby learned carpentry and cabinet making, and followed it for many years and also the trade of millwright. While a carpenter he also did some building contracting, and had an extensive business until he gave it up to accept the appointment as superintendent of the Children's Home in January, 1899. Mr. Higby is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias. On March 17, 1879, he married Elizabeth May Eubanks, whose people came to Allen County during the decade of the '50s. Her father was a Vermonter and her mother a native of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Higby have two children : Maude Bell is the wife of Clifford Elsworth Breese, a farmer of Allen County, and their children are David Alvin and Roberta Blanche. The second daughter, Elva Blanche, still lives at home. Mr. and Mrs.. Higby adopted at the age of three .months a boy, Wilbur Daugherty Higby, who was born in April, 1900. They have also reared three other children in their home. Mr. Higby is a democratic voter. CHARLES C. BERLIN, M. D. The name Berlin has had an honorable and useful association with the medical profession in Auglaize County and in the community of Wapakoneta for fully half a century. Before the late Doctor Cicero gave up his duties as an active practitioner his son, Charles C. Berlin, had begun practice there, and thus the community have never been without the services of one of these able physicians. Born in Auglaize County February 13, 1872, Dr. C. C. Berlin is 4 son of Doctor Cicero and Elizabeth (Hite) Berlin. His father was born in Pennsylvania August 6, 1827, and in 1830 when three years. of age was brought to Columbiana County, Ohio, by his parents. He died October 11, 1906. His wife was born in Delaware County, Ohio, December 21, 1829, and died December 24, 1914. They were married in Delaware County October 17, 1855. Dr. Cicero Berlin attended an academy as part of his early education, took up the study of medicine under Doctors Wise and Geiger, at Dayton, Ohio, and subsequently attended the Western Reserve College at Cleveland and the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati. He began practice at Brookville, near Dayton, but in 1862 moved to Wapakoneta, where he was steadily engaged in his practice until his death. He also played an important part in local affairs, serving as a member of the school board fifteen years and part of the time as president. He was a democrat and a Royal Arch Mason and he and his wife were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Of his four children two are now living, the daughter being Mrs. R. J. Boyd of Kansas City, Missouri. Dr. Charles C. Berlin graduated from the Wapakoneta High School in 1889, and then entered the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, where he graduated in the scientific course in 1895. In 1901 his alma. mater conferred upon him the degree Master of Arts. His early studies were directed with a view to entering the medical profession, and after leaving Ohio Wesleyan he entered the University of Cincinnati, where he was graduated in 1898. The following year he spent as interne in Christ's Hospital in Cincinnati, and in October, 1899, began practice as a physician and surgeon at Wapakoneta. Doctor Berlin is a member of the Auglaize County and Ohio State Medical societies and the American Medical Association. In 1903 he married Miss Maude Peterson of Xenia, Ohio. They have two children : Florence E. and Frederick P., both in school. Doctor and Mrs. Berlin are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Fraternally he is identified with the Masons, the Knights of Pythias, the Modern Woodmen of America and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. Politically he is an independent HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 801 democrat. For several years she has held a place on the local school board, was its president two years and is now clerk of the board. BRYANT GRAHAM HOVER, representing one of the old and substantial families of Northwest Ohio, spent many years in railroad service, but for the past fifteen years has lived in Allen County, and is one of the leading farmers in the vicinity of Spencerville. He was born in Delphos, Ohio, December 1, 1861, a son of Cyrus H. and Martha (Post) Hover. His father, who was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, was a tinsmith and foundryman. He moved to Lima May 1, 1853, and later went to Delphos in order to secure the advantages of the canal for his business. He served one time as clerk of courts in Allen County. Bryant G. Hover had a public school education and also attended the Ohio Northern University at Ada. He fitted himself for civil engineering, and spent, several years in that profession, then going with the Erie Railway as clerk and cashier. In 1889 he was sent to Chicago as a clerk in the local offices there for a year, then was stationed at North Judson, Indiana, as agent, and afterwards at Hammond in the same capacity, and when he retired from the railroad service he was agent at Huntington, Indiana. In 1902 Mr. Hover moved to Lima and in 1906 went to his farm in Amanda Township. He owns 197 acres, and is carrying on a very extensive and profitable business as a farmer and stockman. He is treasurer and a member of the official board of trustees of the Christie Methodist Church; and is a member of the Knights of Pythias and the National Union. On November 17, 1882, Mr. Hover married Mercy Neomi Bice. She was born in Amanda Township of Allen County, a daughter of William and Tabith a Bice, substantial farming people. Her father went out to California in 1849 and spent some time in the mining districts of the Far West. For two terms he held the office of county commissioner. of Allen County. CHARLES D. O'SHEA, now engaged in real estate. fire insurance and collection business at 211 Main Street, Toledo, is best known to the people of that city as a retired veteran of the fire department, in which he served faithfully for fully a quarter of a century and accepted all the risks and hazards of a service so intimately identified with the welfare of a community. Mr. O'Shea was born in the East End, Toledo, Ohio, August 7, 1865. His father, Dennis O'Shea, was born in Ireland, came to America in the '40s, first located in New York City, afterwards moving west to Sandusky and in 1847 locating in the comparatively small town of Toledo. There he was employed as a deputy internal revenue collector, and filled that position for thirteen years. For a short time he was a railroad man, and afterwards filled the office of assessor for the Sixth Ward four years. His death occurred in 1890. He had a family of thirteen children and only two of them are still living. The eleventh of his father's children, Charles D. O'Shea grew up in Toledo, attended the public and parochial schools and following his education he started out as a railroad man. He was a locomotive fireman on the Ohio Central Railway and was promoted to engineer, a position he filled two years. In 1890 Mr. O'Shea entered the service of the Toledo fire department as an engineer, and he filled that position with remarkable efficiency and faithfulness for twenty-six years. Perhaps hundreds of times he was at his post of duty, fighting some of the hardest fires the department has ever had to contend. with, and proved himself resourceful and' ready in every emergency. In spite of his long continued service he went through without sustaining any serious injury and was given many tokens of honor as a fire fighter. On leaving the fire department Mr. O'Shea engaged in the real estate business with the Landis Realty Company, with which he is still associated. He is active in local affairs, is a democrat and a member of the Knights of Columbus. Mr. O'Shea was married October 21, 1887, to Agnes Sheehan, and they have one child, Thomas, who is at home and is city salesman for the Berdan Co., wholesale grocers of Toledo. AUSTTN S. MCKITRICK, M. D., F. A. C. S. For fully a quarter of a century Doctor McKitrick has been actively engaged in his, profession at Kenton and has distinguished himself by his attainments in the field of surgery, being recognized as one of the leading surgeons of Northwest Ohio. His unusual proficiency in surgery has brought him fellowship in the American College of Surgeons, and he has active relations 802 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO with many professional organizations. He is president of the Hardin County Medical Society, is vice president of the Society of Surgeons of the Big Four Railroad, is treasurer of the Northwestern Ohio Medical Society, and is -a member of the Mississippi Valley and Ohio State Medical societies and of the American Medical Association. He is surgeon for the Big Four and the Toledo and Ohio Central railways. He was born October 8, 1863, at Plain City, Union County, Ohio, was educated in the public schools of his native county, from which he entered Ohio Normal University, now the Ohio Northern University, at Ada, where he graduated in. 1886. Beginning the study of medicine with Dr. J. C. Herriott of Jerome, he graduated M. D. in 1888 from the Eclectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati, practiced two years at Cleveland, and in 1890 established his home in Kenton. Subsequently he graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Cleveland, now the Western Reserve Medical College, and in 1903 took post-graduate work in the Chicago Policlinic and has always been a close student of his profession. He is a former member of the Kenton School Board, is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and as a citizen has had a wide range of usefulness in addition to kis services as physician and surgeon. Doctor McKitrick was married April 3, 1889, to May Donaldson, who was born at Greenwich, Huron County, Ohio, April 26, 1866, and graduated from the Ohio Northern University in 1886. They have two children : Donald Kent and Austa. Mrs. McKitrick is a member of Fort McArthur Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, which she has served as regent, and Doctor McKitrick is a member of Scioto Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution. Thus both Doctor and Mrs. McKitrick have a notable line of colonial and revolutionary. antecedents. Doctor McKitrick's great-grandfather, John McKitrick, came to America from Scotland, located in York County, Pennsylvania, enlisted as a soldier in the Revolution, and was afterwards an early settler in Washington County, Pennsylvania. His son, James McKitrick, born October 22, 1781, in York County, Pennsylvania, subsequently located in Northern Virginia, and in 1807 became one of the first settlers of Newark, Ohio. From there .he moved to Delaware County, where he died in 1874. His wife, Mary Smith, born in Virginia in 1786, was of German an cestry on her mother's side. She died in 1846. Harvey S. McKitrick, father of Doctor McKitrick, was born at Newark: Ohio, April 23, 1822, and spent his active career as a farmer near Plain City in Union County, where he died in his seventieth year. His wife was Harriet C. Hemenway, who was in the seventh successive generation of a notable American family. Her first American ancestor was Ralph Hemenway, who came from England and in 1634 was a resident at Roxbury, Massachusetts, where official records show that he was one of the largest land holders and tax payers. He died in 1678. He married at Roxbury, Massachusetts, July 5, 1634, Elizabeth Hewes. Joshua Hemenway, a son of Ralph, was born in 1644 and died at Framingham, Massachusetts, in 1717. Ebenezer Hemenway, son of Joshua, was born at Framingham in 1681. His son Daniel was born in 1719 at Framingham, moved to Shrewsbury, Worcester County, Massachusetts, and was a pioneer carpenter and builder there. During the period of the Revolutionary war he exemplified his patriotism and was a delegate to the convention that .framed the constitution of the State of Massachusetts. He died at Shrewsbury in 1794. Next in line was Daniel Hemenway, Jr., who was born in Shrewsbury in 1745, was a soldier in the Revolution, and spent his last years on a farm at Barre. As a revolutionary soldier he enlisted August 21, 1777, in Capt. Benjamin Nye's Company, Col. Nathan Sparhawk's Regiment, and at once marched to re-enforce General Stark at Bennington, Vermont. Farmary Hemenway, father of Mrs. Harvey S. McKitrick, was born at Barre, Massachusetts, March 25, 1786, was a miller by trade, and in. 1833 located near Plain City, Ohio, where he operated a grist mill for many years and died in 1867. Mrs. McKitrick is in the sixth generation of the American family. The Donaldsons were founded by Andrew Donaldson, who was either a native of Scotland or of Ireland of Scotch ancestry. He lived in the Juniata Valley of Pennsylvania as early as 1749, and with a number of other Scotch-Irish settlers refused to pay rent to the proprietors of Pennsylvania on the grounds that they had bought the land from the Indians. They were warned off and cottages burned, but with true Scotch persistence they built new homes and refused to be expelled. Moses Donaldson, son of Andrew, lived in Huntington County, Pennsylvania.. In 1778 his first wife and two of their HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 803 children were massacred by the Indians, who were incited to the deed by English reward offered for patriots' scalps. Andrew Donaldson, a. son of Moses by his first wife, was eight years old when his mother was murdered. He afterwards moved to Washington County, Pennsylvania, and from there to the vicinity of Mansfield in Richland County, Ohio. Joseph Donaldson,. a son. of Andrew, and grandfather of Mrs. McKitrick, was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, April 4, 1808, was a lifelong farmer, and in 1863 moved to Indiana and spent his last years near Fort Wayne. He married Sarah Gordon Mathews, whose grandfather, Deacon William Mathews, a native of Ireland, served three years in the American Revolution, and in 1804 became one of the earliest pioneers in Trumbull County, Ohio. Rev. William Mathews, father of Sarah Gordon Mathews, was the first Presbyterian missionary to the Wyandotte Indians at Upper Sandusky. John S H. Donaldson, father of Mrs. McKitrick, was born February 24, 1834, in Richland County, Ohio, was educated at Oberlin, taught school in. Ohio and also in Missouri, and subsequently was a farmer in Huron County. His wife, whose maiden name was Lura P. Barker, also had a noteworthy American ancestry. She Was in the seventh generation frOm Richard Barker, who lived at Andover, Massachusetts, as early as 1643. A. son of Richard-Barker was Stephen Barker, who was born in 1659, and a son of Stephen was Zebediah, who. was born in 1690. His son David Barker was born in 1731, was a soldier of the American Revolution. His son, Ephraim Foster Barker, born in Massachusetts in 1778, moved later to New York State, and in 1819 made an overland journey in the winter season to Huron County, Ohio, becoming the second permanent settler in Greenwich Township of that county. He lived on his farm there until his death in 1860. Of his children Gen. Daniel G. Barker, grandfather of Mrs. McKitrick, was born in New Hampshire in 1803, served as brigadier-general in the State Militia of Ohio and was long a prominent farmer and citizen in Huron County, where he died in 1887. General Barker married Eliza Baker, who was descended from Edward Baker, a settler at Lynn, Massachusetts, in 1630, being one of the pioneers in the Massachusetts Bay colony. In the Baker line were many notable men and women, including one or more patriot soldiers in the Revolution. Mrs. McKitrick's mother died April 2, 1897. Doctor McKitrick's brothers and sisters were : Dr. S. C. McKitrick, who became a physician in Iowa ; George L., who was a miner and rancher in Arizona; Viola Wells Smith of Plain City ; Leslie W., a farmer. Mrs. McKitrick 's brothers and sisters were : Clara R., Joseph D., Frank. D. and Grace A. The last named married Dr. A. C. Matthews. DAVID B. LOVE has been one of the leading members of the Fremont bar for over twenty-five years and his success is due to the fact that he has given his time with few outside interests for the benefit of his clientage. Mr. Love is a native of Ohio, having been born in Harrison County January 15, 1859, a son of George and Barbara (Barclay) Love. His grandfathers were both natives of Ireland. Grandfather George Love came from Ireland to Pennsylvania and from there to Ohio. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, serving under General Harrison with the rank of captain. He was with Harrison's army at various points in Northwest Ohio and was at Fort Seneca during the gallant defense of Fort Stephenson by Major Croghan, and tendered the service of his company to go to the relief of that successful defender of the fort which General Harrison at the time believed was lost to the British and Indians. His maternal grandfather, David Barclay, came from Ireland and settled on a farm in Harrison County, Ohio. George Love, the father, was born in Harrison County August 15, 1827, and died February 9, 1911, after a long and successful career as a farmer. He was married in Harrison County and his wife was born there February 22, 1831, and died May 13, 1914. They were active members of the United Presbyterian Church and the father held many of the church offices. In politics he was a republican and did much in local affairs, serving on the board of education, as county commissioner and in other places of trust and responsibility. He was a sterling pioneer, having acquired a tract of land in the midst of the woods and having cleared it up as a farm. He and his family lived in a log house for a number of years, but in time he acquired ample prosperity for all .his needs and did much to give his children educational advantages and otherwise fit them for worthy careers. There were twelve children in the family, David B. being the second in age. Mr. Love acquired a liberal education, but he paid for a large part of it by his individual work as a teacher and as a farm hand. He attended the village schools of Moorefield, Franklin College at New Athens, Ohio, the 804 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO Ohio Northern University at Ada, where he graduated in 1885, and after leaving that school he served two years as superintendent of schools .at Oak Harbor, Ohio. While teaching he diligently applied himself to the study of law, and read under the direction of Finefrock and Dudrow. He was admitted to the bar in December, 1889, and has since been in active practice in the .county, state and federal courts. He made a living from his profession almost from the start and in subsequent years has had the choice of a large and profitable clientage. Mr. Love was married in September, 1880, to Miss Josephine Wood. Mrs. Love was born at Mount Gilead, Ohio, daughter of Asa M. and Eliza (Hayes) Wood, a prominent family of that section. Mr. and Mrs. Love have four children, Ewing D., who enlisted in the regular United States army at the prospect of the Border trouble with Mexico and was promoted to the rank of sergeant ; Esther Josephine is a graduate of the University of Michigan and is now completing her studies and training as a special nurse in the New York City Hospital for the Red Cross service ; Anna Marie is a graduate of Columbia University of New York, specializing in physical culture and education, and during her last years taught two classes a week in Columbia University and is now engaged by the Community Chautauqua of New York City as director of Junior Chautauqua work, and Wendell C., who is in the sophomore year at Kenyon College at Gambier, Ohio, and during the summer of 1916 lid had an instructive vacation in the Panama Canal .Zone. He with eighteen of his college friends enlisted in the navy for coast patrol service, and is now stationed at the Naval Training Camp at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Mr. and Mrs. Love are both active members of the Presbyterian Church. Mrs. Love was a teacher in the Ohio Northern University at Ada for five years before her marriage. She is one of the leaders in the Women's Federation of Clubs at Fremont. Mr. Love is affiliated with the Masonic order and the Knights of Pythias, and has always been active as a republican but has never sought official preferment. He served .as a member of the board of education. for several years, was instrumental in the introduction of the kindergarten and manual training in the city schools and has been a member of various republican committees. ROBERT ALLEN WOODRUFF. One of the oldest of the surviving children of the late John Woodruff, Robert Allen Woodruff has been an active business man at Dunkirk for nearly thirty years. He was born in Eagle Township of Hancock County, Ohio, September 10, 1859. After a public school education he found a valuable training for business under the direction of his father and was soon handling important interests on his own account. In 1910 he bought the hardware department of his father's general store, and has been one of the trusted and honorable merchants in this little city ever since. He took an active part in the organization of the Woodruff National Bank in 1.903, and has since served as vice president. Mr. Woodruff also looks after the management of about 373 acres of farming land. On September 28; 1880, he married Miss Mollie E. Curran of Dunkirk. Their children are : Lola L., now Mrs. Carl Woods of Buffalo, New York; Mode F., now Mrs. Cary Freidly of Dunkirk; Gladys and Evelyn Margaret. WOODRUFF NATIONAL BANK. In 1875, about six years after the late John Woodruff engaged' in the general mercantile business at Dunkirk, he opened a private bank in his store for the convenience of his customers and the -people living in that section. It was known as Woodruff's Bank, with John Woodruff as sole owner. He continued to conduct this private institution until 1903, and on April 7th of that year there was organized the Woodruff National Bank, which started with a capital stock of $25,000.00. The bank had been organized February 15, 1903, by John Woodruff, .Sr., Frank Pore, Judson Mahon, John Woodruff, Jr., R. A. Woodruff,. Irvin Woodruff and L. D. Longworth, all of whom were named on the -first board of directors. The first officers were: John Woodruff, Sr., president; Frank C. Pore, vice president; .1 'Irvin Woodruff, cashier; and Miss Ida M. Ludwig, assistant cashier. In 1917, forty years after the bank was opened as a private institution, and after thirteen years under a national charter, the Woodruff National Bank still enjoys a remarkable prosperity and strength. It has a capital of $25,000.00, besides a surplus of $11,000.00 and undivided profits of $4,000.00. A recent statement shows deposits at approximately $185.000. The present Officers are : Frank C. Pore, president; R. A. Woodruff, vice president ; Ida M. Ludwig, cashier, and Charles W. Frederick, assistant cashier. The HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 805 bank occupies a complete banking room 20 by 80 feet and well equipped for the business. CARLOS W. FAULKNER. During his membership in the bar of Hardin County Carlos W. Faulkner has won an enviable reputation not only for his careful and able handling of the various interests entrusted to him in general practice, but also to his vigorous fighting ability in behalf of the public welfare. Mr. Faulkner was for six years attorney for the Law and Order League at Kenton, and for years has identified himself closely with the prohibition movement. Carlos W. Faulkner was born in Union County, Ohio, April 3, 1864. He has depended upon himself for his education and for his progressive advancement in a learned profession. He secured his early education at East Liberty and afterwards was a student in the Ohio Northern University at Ada. For many years his name commanded respect in educational circles, and of the fourteen years he spent in the schoolroom as a teacher twelve were passed in Hardin County. Mr. Faulkner has been a resident of Hardin County since 1886, and after studying law in private offices was admitted to the bar in 1898. For the next seven years he was associated in practice with T. B. Black, but since 1907 has been alone. He enjoys a large general practice, and he also filled the office of city clerk one term and for two terms was city solicitor of Kenton. Mr. Faulkner is worshipful master of the lodge of Masons at Kenton, and has also taken thirty-two degrees in the Scottish Rite, and is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In politics he is a republican so far as economic questions are concerned, but as already stated is one of the most loyal and vigorous advocates of the cause of prohibition in his section of Ohio. He is active in the Disciples Church, at one time served. as treasurer and was a member and financial secretary of the official board of the church at Kenton. On June 22, 1905, at Kenton, he married Miss Florence Tipton, who before her marriage was a teacher in the public schools. They have two sons: Carlos Ansley, born February 19, 1907 ; and Richard Paul, born May 9, 1908. HENRY SOLOMON LEHR. One of the most distinguished educators of Ohio is Henry Solomon Lehr, who, his life work accomplished, is now living retired at Ada. His life story is an illuminating example of what may be Vol. II-10 accomplished by a persistent devotion to an ideal. From the humble and limited beginning he made in educational work in Hardin County half a century ago has since flowered the splendid institution known as Ohio Northern University. Few men in the state have had a broader and better influence on the lives of so many thousands of young men and women. He was born at Oldtown in Trumbull but now Mahoning County, Ohio, March 8, 1838, a son of George J. and Saloma (Lesig) Lehr. Doctor Lehr had a most worthy ancestry. His family was founded in America during the eighteenth century by his great-grandfather, who had been a soldier in the German army and a furlough granted him in 1727 is still owned by his great-grandson, and now in the possession of the Ohio Northern University. The grandfather, Ulrich Lehr, was born in Pennsylvania, was a farmer, and enlisted three times for service in the American Revolution, first joining Washington's army in 1776. He carried the flag of his regiment at Brandywine, Germantown and Monmouth, where he was slightly wounded, and this tattered old flag descended to the possession of Doctor Lehr, who finally presented it to the Ohio Northern University, and it is one of the prized relics owned by that institution. George J. Lehr, father of the Ohio educator, was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania, in 1795, and at the age of seventeen enlisted for service in the War of 1812, serving as a fifer, and afterwards organizing a company of militia, in which he became captain and subsequently was promoted to brigadier-general of Pennsylvania militia. 'One of the epaulets worn by him was also presented to the university by Doctor Lehr. During the War of 1812 he was present at the City of Washington when it was burned by the British troops. In 1837 the Lehr family moved to Trumbull County, Ohio, afterwards to Stark County and finally to Wayne County, where George Lehr engaged in the business of weaving and manufacturing. He died in 1873. He and his wife had twelve children, and Henry S. Lehr was next to the youngest. Henry S. Lehr was born in a rented log cabin and his parents moved successively to Stark and Wayne counties when he was quite small. The lad could 'not speak a word of English until he was eight years old, and was first sent to school when twelve. His first schoolhouse was a small log affair without even a blackboard, and the term lasted winter three months. At the age of sixteen, 806 - TORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO 1854, he began teaching, after going to school in all twelve months. In the summer and fall of 1854 he attended a ten weeks' term under the celebrated Alfred. Holbrook at Marlboro, Stark County, and to him the youthful teacher owes much of his enthusiasm and learning. When he began teaching Mr. Lehr had been through Ray's arithmetic five times, nearly through two grammars, Mitchell's geography and atlas, half through Ray's algebra, first part, and the common school readers and spellers. He says he left school Friday morning and walked sixteen miles to Canton without dinner, paid 5 cents for crackers for supper, and took the night train for Wooster. The account of that day's experience is given in his own words : "I .sat up all night in the Wooster station on reaching the place, washed in a pail near the station in the morning, wiped with a bandana handkerchief, combed with a penny wooden comb, paid 3 cents for crackers for breakfast, went to the examination for county teachers, and then paid 2 cents for. crackers for dinner." The young student found the examination to his liking, as it was oral and he had not had much experience in writing. There were fifty-two applicants for certificates that day, and in giving them a little lecture one of the examiners remarked that some of the teachers had been teaching twenty years, but "that boy" —pointing to Mr. Lehr—"would carry home the best certificate of all." After the examination he walked home, six miles, for supper. But the next thing was to get a school. Young Lehr weighed less than 100 pounds and was only sixteen; whereas school directors in those days were looking for big strong men to manage the troublesome pupils during the winter months. Finally his brother suggested going after dark to apply for a school, a plan that worked admirably; for he was employed at $14 per month, twenty-six days in the school month, and board around the district, for a term of three months. At the end of the term the directors hired him again and raised his salary without being asked to do so. After that first term he never needed to go after dark to apply for a school. From this time on Mr. Lehr spent his time teaching in winter and going to college in the spring and fall. He also tried during the winter months to keep up his studies as best he could while teaching, but could not always keep with his class. In April, 1861, he enlisted at Wooster, but was rejected on account of his size. He went back to his studies but again enlisted in the fall of 1861, only to be again rejected. Again he went to school and aught, but in May, 1862, he enlisted in the Eighty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry and was accepted. He was discharged in September of the same year. After that he was in poor health for some months, taught, went to Mount Union College, and in August, 1864, again enlisted in the army, this time in the One Hundred and Seventy-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was discharged from the hospital at Nashville on May 20, 1865, and the next fall read medicine at Alliance. That winter he taught village school in Stark County. All this time his great desire was to go to Missouri to teach, but his father tried to persuade him to give up that plan for fear he would be killed. So he read medicine for a while to please his father, but the great passion of his life was to instruct, and he soon went into that profession to stay. His great success in drawing pupils to him led him to think that he would like to establish a normal school, and he soon began looking about for a location. It was a fortunate thing for Hardin County that Mr. Lehr decided upon the Village of Johnstown, afterwards Ada, for his undertaking. He placed a rather high value on his services, refusing to contract except at wages of $3 a day, and in consequence he applied at a number of places before he finally made an arrangement at Johnstown to accept $2.75 a day. His proposition to the authorities was that they hire him to take charge of their school regularly a few years, admit foreign pupils, and allow him the use of the public school building while not needed for school purposes, and he would found a normal school that would bring students flocking to the place. Among other things he predicted, or rather promised, that in twenty years the school would enroll 5,000 pupils. However, he did not succeed in realizing this ambition, though for a number of years before he resigned the presidency the enrollment was more than 3,000. Mr. Lehr began teaching in an old' building at Ada April 9, 1866. From that day until the present the school has flourished. Under the able guidance of President Lehr it could not do otherwise, and thousands upon thousands of students who found the larger colleges too expensive for their purses have been educated here and fitted for positions of trust and usefulness in the busy world. For several years he conducted in addition to the regular term of public school his select school, and he early introduced a teachers training class. Interest in the school grew, and in HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 807 1870 the citizens of Ada agreed to donate- a campus of not less than 21/9 acres and erect a building to cost not less than $6,500, of which Mr. Lehr was to pay half. In a few days more than $5,000 had been raised for the new Ada Normal Academy, as the new school was to be called. Later the contract for the brick building was let, and that building was for a number of years used as the central building on the campus, and still later as library and quarters for the college of commerce. The first catalogue of the Ada college was issued in 1871, and the new normal school opened on August 14th "of that year. Professor Lehr took the controlling financial interest, and in May, 1885, the institution was incorporated as the Ohio Normal University. Ten years previously the Northwestern Ohio Normal at Fostoria had been consolidated with the Ada institution. From time to time new departments were added, the College of Law having been established in 1885, the College of Pharmacy in 1886, a military department had been added about 1882, and it was already a well organized university with a number of well equipped departments when the property was sold to the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1898. On other pages will be found an appropriate sketch of the Ohio Northern College with more particular reference to its material growth and expansion. After the university passed under the control of the Methodist Church Doctor Lehr remained as active president until 1902, and his name has since appeared in the catalogue as president emeritus. He was at the head of the college thirty-six years four months, and the institution as it stands today, is a splendid memorial to the industry and unflagging ambition of one of Ohio's greatest educators. For the past thirteen years he has lived a. life of comparative ease, but still occasionally answers calls to service. In June, 1904, he accepted an invitation to the Winona Lake Chautauqua in Indiana, and was connected with that institution for eighteen months, when he resigned on account of ill -health. For a great many years President Lehr taught from 5 o'clock in the morning until 9 at night, handled all his own correspondence, and advertising, and most of such work was performed after he left the class room in the evening. A great many years ago he laid plans and always aimed to conduct his school for fifty-one weeks in the year. Doctor Lehr has the degrees A. B. and A. M. from Mount Union College and the University of Wooster conferred upon him the degree Ph. D. He is a member of the American Institute of Civics, founded the Northern Ohio Educational Association, and was made. one of the two life members of the Ohio Educational Association. He is a member of the Christian Church, was for many years active in Sunday School work, and in politics is a republican. Soon after he located at Ada and began the school there he was married on October 30, 1866, to Albina J. Hoover of Stark County, Ohio. They are the parents of two daughters: Harriet May, who lives at home; and Sarah Lenora, now Mrs. Edward Kennedy of Chicago, a well known missionary. Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy have three children : Lehr, Mary Gertrude, and Stephen John. GEORGE HERALD LINGREL. Probably the youngest mayor Kenton ever had, and one of the youngest chief executives of any Municipality in Northwest Ohio, is George Herald Lingrel, who took the mayor's chair of Kenton on January 1, 1916. He was born in Union County, Ohio, January 13, 1891, but has lived at Kenton since he was eleven years of age. His parents are John H. and Nettie Lingrel, who moved to Kenton in 1906. His father is a retired druggist. Mayor Lingrel completed his education in the Kenton High School and the business college, and for several years was employed as a bookkeeper and stenographer. He then went into the cigar business, and is now proprietor of a cigar factory employing eight people and manufacturing a well known brand, the Wig-Wam cigars. Mayor Lingrel is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Loyal Order of Moose, and the Hardin County Athletic Association. In politics he is a republican. On March 11, 1914, at Kenton, he married Miss Laura James. EDWARD E. ARTHUR.. While Mr. Arthur has been a resident of Auglaize County practically all his life, and represents a family of pioneer settlers, he is best known through his long continued service as cashier of the Home Bank of Cridersville. He' went into that bank at the time of its establishment, and has as sumed many of the executive responsibilities and has been a factor in its widely extended popularity. 808 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO He was born in Auglaize County November 28, 1860, a son of John R. and Mary R. (Haywood)' Arthur. Both parents were natives of Auglaize County, the father born in 1839 and the mother in 1841. The grandfather, Daniel M. Arthur, was born in Pennsylvania, and first settled in Springfield on coming to Ohio, where he worked at his trade of shoemaker. Coming to Auglaize County, he bought 160 acres of Government land, paying $1.25 per acre. His 'first task was the erection of a log cabin home, and after that he cleared his land, and gave his industry to the development of a farm. At the time of his death he had a fine estate of 240 acres. The maternal grandfather was Joseph Haywood, who was born in 1805 within ten miles of the City of London, England. Coming to America a young man, he located in Auglaize County when there was only a handful of settlers. He lived practically alone in the woods in his' log; cabin for several years, cleared away the timber, prepared the soil, and was one of the pioneers whose name and record 'should be remembered in any account of this section of. Ohio. John R. Arthur also spent his active career as a farmer. He started with thirty-nine acres of land in the midst of the woods, cleared it up and gained many crops from it, and later oil was discovered there which increased' his prosperity and enabled him to provide well for his family. Fe died in 1894. His wife passed away in November, 1912. 'They were members of the Christian Church and the father was a democrat in politics and at one time served as supervisor of his home township. There were four children, three sons and one daughter : Edward E.; C. E., who runs a cigar store and poolroom in Cincinnati; Ardelia, wife of Amos Edman, who was formerly in the real estate business at Lima and is now on a farm near that city; and R. D., assistant cashier of the Home Bank at Cridersville. The early life of Edward E. Arthur was spent on a farm and his education came from the country schools. He also spent one year in the Ohio Normal University at Ada, and following that he began teaching, an occupation he followed with success for a number of years. He then became a worker in the oil fields, and was identified with the Northwestern Ohio oil district for about fourteen years, getting a good start in business through that work.  In 1903 Mr. Arthur came to Cridersville and was one of the organizers of the Home Bank, of which he has since been cashier. This bank is a solid and substantial institution, has a capital of $10,000 and surplus and undivided profits of $5,500, while the average deposits amount to $125,000. In 1893 Mr. Arthur married Bertha O. Sands, who was born in Auglaize County, daughter of George Sands, a farmer of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Arthur are members of the Christian Church, and he is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Maccabees, having passed all the chairs of the latter fraternity. As a democrat Mr. Arthur has served as democratic committeeman for eleven years and was also a member of the County Board of Education. Several years ago he was a candidate for nomination as county treasurer, and his defeat. was by the narrow margin of two votes. Besides his interests as a banker he and his brother own a fine farm of 160 acres, and he gives considerable personal supervision to this. REV. H. J. SCHUMACHER. In 1912 Father Schumacher came to Kenton and took charge as pastor of the Immaculate Conception Church. Since then he has done much to maintain and increase the vitality of this old Catholic organization in Hardin County, and the church membership now includes 225 fainilies. All the regular church activities are flourishing, and there is an enrollment of 138 students in the parochial schools in the year 1917, the schools being under the direction of six Sisters .of Charity. Among the pioneer Catholic families in Hardin County were the Toners, MeGuigans and Mathews, and these and others were ministered to occasionally by Catholic missionaries. The first regular but not frequent services were held at Kenton, beginning in 1862. Various private dwellings and halls were used as places of worship, but finally when a substantial brick building was erected on the southeast corner of the square the upper floor was used as a meeting place for the congregation. In 1864 the cornerstone of the present brick church was laid by Archbishop Purcell, and he also presided at the dedication service on December 9, 1866. The first resident priest was Rev. N. R. Young and during the next five years his successors. were Rev. A. M. Quatman and Rev. N. V. Fas. From. the close of the year 1871 until he gave up active work in August, 1905, the parish had as its pastor Rev. Anthony S. HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 809 Siebenfoercher. Most of the history of the Catholic Church in Kenton was made during his long and successful pastorate. For a number of years, owing to the growth of the parish, he had assistant pastors. It was during his work as a priest in Kenton that the cemetery was laid out, the school building erected in 1880, the hospital founded and all the property greatly improved and enlarged. The parsonage was built about 1868 and the cemetery purchased in 1872. Father Siebenfoercher retired from the active duties of the pastorate to live in Dayton. His successor was Rev. Father Fortman of Newport, Ohio, who remained until 1910, when Father Clement Beckemeyer took charge and remained until in 1912, when Father Schumacher took up the work. Henry Joseph Schumacher was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, September 12, 1878, a son of Henry and Anna (Castle) Schumacher. His father was a farmer, and a native of Germany while his mother was a native of Ireland. Father Schumacher attended the parochial schools of Cincinnati, and took his theological training in the Mount St. Mary's of the West at Cincinnati. He graduated in 1903 and soon afterwards was ordained priest. He spent. one year at Piqua, Ohio, three years at Tippecanoe City, four years at West Jefferson, and came to Kenton in 1912. He is active as a member and in promoting the work of the Knights of ColuMbus and the Knights of St. John, and is popular not only in his parish but among all classes of citizens. GEORGE B. BENNETT was born near Waynesfield in Auglaize County, has spent practically all his life there, and has developed a large and successful business in the town as a carriage maker, dealer in carriages, and in more recent years has established a first-class garage. Besides furnishing a varied line of equipment and supplies and expert repair service, Mr. Bennett has the agency for the Chevrolet and Saxon automobiles. He was born near Waynesfield November 23, 1860, a son of George B. and Mary (Basil) Bennett. Though both his parents were natives of Pennsylvania, the two respective families were pioneer settlers in Auglaize County. Grandfather Amos Bennett settled in the woods in the early days and acquired his land direct from the Government. He spent the rest of his life in the county. Grandfather Basil came also as a pioneer and took up land from the Government. George B. and Mary Bennett were married at Waynesfield, and became the parents of fourteen children, nine of whom are still living, George B., Jr., having been the tenth in order of birth. The parents were active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the father was a republican who served for a number of years as justice of the peace. Though he was much handicapped he gained success in life and was able to provide well for his large family. For many years he was a school teacher, but the greater part of his life he was more or less an invalid. He taught, was also employed at writing, and an interest in a mill gave him his chief income. Two of his sons fought as soldiers in the Civil war. One of them, John R., is still living at Waynesfield, while H. S. Bennett died young. Mr. George B. Bennett received his education in the public schools of Waynesfield, and as a boy he began learning the trade of carriage maker. While learning he was paid wages of 25 cents a day, and after three years of apprenticeship he engaged in business as a journeyman and subsequently established a shop of his own. In 1911 he entered the automobile business. In 1883 Mr. Bennett married Laura Kelley, who was born in Illinois. They have, no children. Mrs, Bennett is a member of the Methodist Protestant Church. He is a charter member of Lodge No. 685 of the Knights of Pythias. at Uniopblis. A republican in politics, he was elected mayor of Waynesfield in 1910 and has served in that office to the present time. ANTONIO HOSPITAL at Kenton is the only hospital within the borders of Hardin County. For years it stood foremost among the philanthropic institutions of the county, though of course it is not altogether a charitable institution and the pay patients have contributed not a little to the upkeep and maintenance of the institution'. The hospital was first opened in 1897 and had but nine rooms and no ward. It was named in honor of its founder and chief benefactor, Rev. Anthony S. Siebenfoercher, who for more than thirty years was pastor of the Catholic Church at Kenton. Father Siebenfoercher bought the site at the corner of Wayne and North streets and altogether gave about $10,000 for the beginning of the institution. In 1900 a frame addition was constructed, giving four more rooms to the hospital, but in 1905 the present substantial brick 810 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO edifice was begun and was completed July 11, 1907. This building cost $36,000, furnished twenty-five rooms, besides one of the best equipped operating rooms found in any hospital in Ohio. The old frame structure after the completion of the brick building was used for other purposes: At the present time the Antonio Hospital can accommodate thirty patients and has a very thorough X-ray and general laboratory equipment. During 1915 it received 380 patients, there were 273 operations, medical treatment was supplied to 75, there were 20 obstetrical cases, and there were 12 emergency accident cases.. The death rate has always been commendably low, and in 1915 the record was only sixteen. A. very, praiseworthy feature of the hospital management is that no one except those suffering from contagious diseases has ever been turned away from the hospital. To support such an institution requires a great annual outlay in addition to the permanent equipment. This has been supplied only, in part by the revenues derived from those who pay for hospital service. Since the founding of thiS institution a number of organizations and individuals have made the hospital the object of their charitable giving, and donations have ranged from several thousand dollars in a few individual cases to the great aggregate supplied by more numerous sources and a steady outpouring of generosity from merchants, physicians and many-clubs and organizations. The hospital has been from its beginning under the operating management of the sisters of Charity, directed by Sister Maria Teresa until 1912, when Sister Mary Pius took charge. There is maintained a training school for nurses. In 1915 there were twelve graduates, in 1916 the training class consisted of fourteen, and up to February 12, 1917, six were admitted for training. WILLIAM WESLEY RUNSER. One of the oldest and most prominent families in the vicinity of Ada is represented by the capable lawyer, William W. Runser, who has been a member of the bar for the past eighteen years. His abilities have brought him into close touch with business affairs, and he has had many important interests entrusted to his care. He was born in Marion Township of Hardin County March 4, 1870, a son of Charles W. and Martha M. (Lawrence) Runser. His father was born at Massillon, Stark County, and his mother in Pennsylvania. Charles W. Runser came with his parents, Andrew and Isabelle Runser, to Hardin County in 1848, and Andrew Runser was second owner .of a tract of land in Marion Township after it passed out of the hands of the Government. Charles W. Runser grew up on that farm and spent his active career in farming. He was also publicly honored in many ways, served as county commissioner six years, and for eighteen years was justice of the peace of his home township. He yeas also a trustee of the school board for many years, and worked energetically in behalf of community Welfare. He was married in Champaign County, Illinois, to Miss Lawrence, whose parents had lived for some years in Hardin County, but afterwards went to Illinois. Charles W. Runser and wife had five sons : Clarence D.William ; Charles C. ; Roscoe A. ; and J. Franklin. William W. Runser grew up on the old farm in Hardin County, mid his first school was the Rising Sun School in Marion Township. Subsequently he entered the Ohio Northern University at Ada, where he was graduated in the classical course in 1897, and in 1898 was graduated in law and admitted to the bar in October of the same year: It is interesting to recall that his father, Charles W. Runser, was one of the first students in the "Select" school taught by President Emeritus Henry S. Lehr, a school that was the nucleus of the present Ohio Northern University. For three years before graduating William W. Runser taught in the public schools, and from his admission to the bar until July, 1904, he was an instructor of law in the law department of Northern Ohio University. Since 1913 he has been secretary of the law department and has held the chair of professor of law in the same institution. At the same time he has carried on a general practice, has been interested in the building and loan business, served as city solicitor of Ada from 1906 to 1910, in 1903 became attorney for the Home Savings & Loan Company of Ada, was one of the organizers and for three years, from 1907 to 1910, served as general manager of the Ada Water, Heat & Light Company, and is now attorney for the Liberty Bank. In politics he is a republican, is a member of the First Methodist Episcopal Church, is affiliated with the Masonic order and has membership in the Knights Templar Commandery of Lima, and also belongs to the Modern HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 811 Woodmen of America. On October 12, 1911, Mr. Runser married Miss Anna Belle Mohr, daughter of Daniel and Emma A. Mohr. Her father is a traveling salesman with home at Ada. JOHN B. RICE, M. D. There was a fine quality to the citizenship as well as to the professional service rendered by the late Dr. John B. Rice of Fremont, whose career was a singularly solicitous one in the choice of a profession, in the work he rendered through medicine and surgery, and in his broad and capable character from whatever point of view it may be judged. He was easily one of Fremont's distinguished men. He was born at Fremont when the village was known as Lower Sandusky on June 23, 1832, and his death occurred there at the close of a useful though not long life January 14, 1893, at the age of less than sixty-one. He was a son of Robert S. and Eliza Ann (Caldwell) Rice, a pioneer family of Sandusky County. During his early youth the common schools offered a very meager training. He learned considerably more of that class of knowledge described as a literary education through his work as an apprentice to the printing trade in the office of the Sandusky County Democrat. He was three years in working out his apprenticeship. His ambition had already been firmly set upon a medical career, and as preparation thereto he entered Oberlin Colien, for two years and then transferred his studies to the medical department of the University of Michigan, where he was graduated. in 1857. Doctor Rice in 1859 attended lectures at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia and clinics in the Bellevue Hospital of New York. Doctor Rice at once began practice in his native city and soon acquired the reputation of a thoroughly capable and skillful physician, surgeon and diagnostician. He had been in practice only a few years when the Civil war broke out. He responded almost at the first call, and was assigned to the Tenth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, as assistant surgeon. During those three months he saw some active work in the West Virginia campaign. In November, 1861, he was transferred to the Seventy-second Regiment as surgeon. He continued as an army surgeon until the close of the war and frequently acted as surgeon in chief and was assigned to very important and dangerous posts. Some of the most remarkable achievements of the present great European war are being performed by the medical corps and in the field hospitals. The American Civil war occurred just half a century before, and the methods used on Civil war battlefields present a striking contrast and illustrate better than anything else the remarkable progress that has been made in the medical and surgical science in a brief half century. Doctor Rice was handicapped in his surgical work during the war by a complete lack of antiseptic facilities and with practically none of the scientific instruments and the marvelous methods which now prevail in surgery. He possessed only an equipment of the old time saw and lancet and had no sanitary protection even for himself or his patients. It seems remarkable that the wounded ever recovered, and it is perhaps a tribute to the skill of the surgeon as well as to the wonderful vitality of the patients that recoveries were so frequent. While in the army Doctor Rice performed what was then a rare operation, the resection of the elbow joint on J. L. Jackson, a private in Company A of the Seventy-second Regiment, and for many years after the war Mr. Jackson was a night watchman in the treasury department at Washington. With the close of the war Doctor Rice returned to Fremont and quietly resumed his private practice. His harrowing experiences as an army surgeon had not rendered him callous but rather enlarged his natural sympathies and gave him all the greater power for effective and careful service. It was not strange, considering his natural abilities and his experience, that he became a man of more than local reputation in his profession. He stood high in various medical organizations, was a frequent lecturer on scientific subjects pertaining to his profession and contributed numerous articles to medical journals. For several years he was a member of the faculty of the Charity Hospital Medical College at Cleveland and a lecturer on military surgery and obstetrics at the University of Wooster. In this way he made his experience and his personal ability of broad and lasting benefit to the profession at large as well as to his private clientage. He was an exceptional citizen in all that word implies. What concerned Fremont and the people of that community also concerned him, and there was no worthy cause to which he did not subscribe in effort and influence as well as in money. He was long prominent in the republican party, but only once felt 812 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO that he could give up the practice and other interests which required his presence for the opportunity of serving in public office. In 1880 he was nominated for Congress by the republicans of the Tenth District and was elected by a large majority in a strong democratic district. The old Tenth District then comprised Erie, Huron, Sandusky and Seneca counties. His term in Congress justified all the expectations of his supporters and he was renominated in convention, but declined to serve. He favored many measures of importance, and one of these was legislation providing for the granting of pensions to worthy veterans of the Civil war. He was always one of the most loyal and active members of the Grand Army of the Republic. He also belonged to the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. He worked with and for the old soldiers who had offered their lives for the Union, and his name is held in special veneration by old army comrades who still survive. He was also active in the Masonic order. On December 12, 1861, Doctor Rice married Miss Sarah E. Wilson. Mrs. Rice, who is still living at Fremont, is a daughter of the late Dr. James W. and Nancy E. (Justice) Wilson of Fremont, families who are elsewhere referred to in this publication. Doctor and Mrs. Rice had two children, Elizabeth and Wilson. Mrs. Rice is an active member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church and that was also the church home of her husband. JAMES W. WILSON, M. D. While he was one of the most capable of the pioneer physicians of early Sandusky County, the late Dr. James W. Wilson was for the greater part of his career most actively identified with business and banking affairs in the City of Fremont. This is one of the old and honored names that appear in the important annals of Sandusky County. His life covered the greater part of the nineteenth century. He was born while James Madison was still president, on February 1, 1816, at New Berlin in Union County, Pennsylvania. His death occurred July 21, 1904, during the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. He had been vouchsafed long years and few men made better use of the opportunities and privileges of a lifetime. Doctor Wilson was a son of Samuel and Sarah (Mauck) Wilson, and a grandson of James Wilson, who had moved from Connecticut to Pennsylvania in 1791. James W. Wilson early cherished the hope of becoming a great physician. With that object in view he was liberally educated. He graduated from old Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia in 1837 and the following fall began practice in Center County, Pennsylvania. In June, 1839, he accompanied his friend and fellow practitioner, Dr. Thomas Stillwell, to Ohio, and in July of that year established himself in the growing Town of Lower Sandusky, now Fremont. Doctor Wilson was a resident of Fremont for sixty-five years. When he located there and during the greater part of his service as a physician everything was new and primitive and the conditions were such that the physician had to overcome the greatest of obstacles in carrying on his practice. There were no highways in the modern sense of the term, railroads had not yet appeared in Ohio and every convenience and facility which now make the practice of the physician so comparatively easy had hardly been dreamed of. In a few years Doctor Wilson had become known as one of the best beloved and busiest professional men in Sandusky County. Failing health caused him to necessarily abandon the greater part of his work, and this failure of health was brought on by exposure and devotion to the hard demands of his profession. In 1858 he gave up practice, though he was to the end of his life sincerely interested in professional affairs and he served as president of the Sandusky County Medical Society and as a member of the Ohio State Medical Society. In August, 1862, Governor Todd appointed him surgeon for Sandusky County to examine applicants for exemption from draft. Doctor Wilson was chiefly known in his later years as a banker. In 1857 he became a partner in the private banking firm of Birchard, Miller & Company. In September,. 1863, this bank was merged with the First National Bank of Fremont. Doctor Wilson was made its first vice president and upon the death of Sardis Birchard he became president. It is an institution which was one of the first to operate under a national charter and has always borne the reputation of a sound and conservative banking house. In 1882 Doctor Wilson became one of the organizers of the Fremont Savings Bank Company, and for many years was a director and president of that corporation. The high standing of those banks is today due in no small degree to the unerring judgment and. HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 813 splendid personal character of their former president. Doctor Wilson was married May 25, 1841, to Miss Nancy E. Justice, daughter of Judge James Justice, a prominent character of Sandusky County and elsewhere referred to in this publication. Doctor and Mrs. Wilson had four children : Sarah W., widow of Dr. J. B. Rice of Fremont; Mary C., widow of Charles F. Rice ; Charles G., a prominent attorney at Toledo, Ohio, who married Miss Cornelia L. Amsden ; and James W., deceased, who was associated with his father in the First National Bank of Fremont. The late Doctor Wilson should be remembered for his breadth of mind and the unusual interest in movements and organizations which are worthy of general support and public esteem. He served as president of the Sandusky County Pioneer and Historical Society. Upon the death of Hon. Rutherford B. Hayes he succeeded that distinguished statesman as president of the Birchard Library Association. In 1858 he was elected treasurer of the Sandusky County Bible Society, became its president in 1868 and continued to hold that office until the end of his life. He was a humanitarian and a sincere Christian, both by example and profession. He was a member of St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church and for a half century was its senior warden. JAMES JUSTICE. Some of the finest characters in Ohio's history were at some time or other identified with Sandusky County and the old City of Fremont. By no means least among these was James Justice, a great man himself and a friend and contemporary of many of the greatest Ohioans of the past century. He was born in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, August 18, 1794, a son of William and Eleanor (Umsted) Justice. The Justice family is of English ancestry while the Umsteds were Germans. When James Justice was nine years of age his parents removed to Ross County, Ohio, locating about six miles from the old state capital of. Chillicothe. In that pioneer community James Justice grew up and acquired a rudimentary education. About 1817 he engaged in the flatboat trade along the Ohio rivers leading down to New Orleans. James Justice made several trips up and down the rivers leading to the southern metropolis, carrying bacon, flour and other supplies from the North and selling it to advantage in the South. James Justice was a veteran of the War of 1812. He had learned the tanning trade at Chillicothe and he left his trade to volunteer under Gen. William H. Harrison, and was with Harrison at Fort Seneca at the time of the battle of Fort Stephenson, which occurred August 2, 1813. After the war he assumed the tanning business and continued working in that line at Chillicothe until he took up flatboating: In September, 1822, James Justice removed from Ross to Sandusky County. His first location was in Ballville Township, in what is now known as Ballville Village. In coming from Southern Ohio to Northwest Ohio he walked, while his wife and child rode horseback. At Ballville he assisted his father-in-law, David Moore, in managing a grist and sawmill, and about two years later he removed to Lower Sandusky, erecting a tannery on the north side of State Street, at the foot of the hill on the west side of the river. Along with the manufacture of leather he followed the trade of harness and shoe making. He accumulated money by his business affairs, and he proved a most capable manager. About 1847 he turned his business over to his son Milton J. Justice, and after that gave his time to investments and various capitalistic undertakings. He bought and sold land on a 'large scale, sometimes on his own account and some-. times as a partner with Rodolphus Dickinson and Sardis Birchard. The name of James Justice appears in connection with the construction of the Tiffin and Fostoria plank road, which was a vital factor in the development of this part of Ohio. Mr. Justice was selected by the Government as appraiser of the land on account of his soundness of judgment in matters of value. Soon after he located at Lower Sandusky-the Legislature made him one of the associate judges of the Court of Common Pleas of Sandusky County. That office he filled with fidelity 'and characteristic integrity for a number of years under the first constitution. His commission signed by James Morrow, governor, dated February 4, 1825, hangs in the library of the old homestead. Nearby is also the commission granted him as a lieutenant in the State Militia by Governor Worthington and dated January 20, 1816. For about ten years Judge Justice was a member of the board of education, much of the time treasurer of the board, and for a time was mayor of the village. When the First National Bank of Fremont 814 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST 'OHIO was organized in 1863 Judge Justice placed some capital in the stock of the bank, and was made one of the first board of directors, a position he held by successive re-election until the time of his death. Judge Justice passed away May 28, ..1873, at the ripe age of seventy-eight. He was one of the men who had built up and made Fremont a city. He had prospered to an extraordinary degree and he left a large estate to his widow and family. Many years ago his portrait, painted by his son Milton J: Justice, a natural artist, was hung on the walls of the First National Bank of Fremont. Before moving from Ross County Judge Justice married Miss Eliza Moore, daughter of David Moore and sister of John and James Moore, who were both wealthy and enterprising citizens of Ballville. Mrs. Justice was born in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, October 13, 1800. At the age of fourteen she removed to Ross County, Ohio, with her parents. David Moore was of full Scotch blood, while her mother was a native of Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Justice were married in 1820 and two years later they went to Sandusky County. Mrs. Justice proved herself a courageous and energetic type of pioneer woman. In Ballville her first home was a fisherman's shanty. When a log cabin was finished she moved into that, and she had exceedingly scanty means for the performance of her domestic duties. For nine months on a stretch she never saw the face of another white woman. The fireplace of the log cabin was a heap of stones in one corner, and above was an opening in .the roof for the escape of the smoke. If rain put out the fire, she was obliged to go 114 miles to the nearest neighbors to obtain coals to rekindle it. Mrs. James Justice lived through those pioneer days, and in the more prosperous years that followed she bore an influential and worthy part in social affairs. She died October 17, 1876, at the age of seventy-six years, four days. Her remains now rest beside those of her husband in the Oakwood Cemetery at Fremont. On October 12, 1870, they celebrated their golden wedding anniversary. It was an occasion, of great interest to the many friends who gathered about them. A peculiarly happy symbol of the passage of fifty years was the gold ring, engraved with the sacred word, mother, which was presented by the children to their aged parent.. Mrs. Justice had received from her father as part of her wedding outfit a set of Windsor chairs, painted yellow, a bureau, a table, stand and bedstead, all of solid black walnut and ornamented with brass knobs or handles. This outfit of furniture she preserved to the close of her life and it is still kept by her daughter in the family at the old homestead on State Street. The chairs were used by the aged couple at their golden wedding anniversary. Judge Justice also possessed the first piano ever brought to Lower Sandusky. It was of a make hardly known at the present time, the "Gilbert" piano. This venerable and respected couple reared a family whose standing in society testify to the merits of their parents. There were three daughters, Nancy, Minerva and Eliza, and two sons, Granville and Milton J. Justice. Nancy was the oldest child and rode on horseback with her mother from Ross County to Sandusky County. She became the wife of Dr. James W. Wilson, referred to on other pages. The daughter Minerva married Hon. Homer Everett, while. Eliza married Dr. J. W. Failing, and they had a daughter; Miss Minnie L. Failing. JOHN R. BENNETT. Aside from his service as a boy soldier during the Civil war, John R. Bennett's life has been spent almost entirely within the limits of Auglaize County. While he is now living practically retired from business affairs at Waynesfield, his time and energies have been usefully devoted to business and civic affairs, and he is one of the best known men in that section of the county. His birth occurred in Auglaize County May 11, 1845, a son of George B. and Mary A. (Basil.) Bennett. Both the Basil and Bennett families were among the pioneers of Auglaize County. Grandfather Amos S. Bennett came from his native state of Pennsylvania to Auglaize County in 1836, secured land from the Government, cleared it up, subsequently went into the hotel business at St. John, Ohio, and that was his last important occupation. The maternal grandfather, Nelson R. Basil, a native of New England, came to Auglaize County in 1835. Beginning with Government land he cleared it up and developed a fine farm, and was one of the substantial citizens of his day. George B. Bennett was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 1822, while his wife was a native of Knox County, Ohio. They were married in Auglaize County. George B. Bennett was never a strong man physically, and he had to combat his physical infirmities almost constantly and did so remarkably well. HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 815 For a number of years he worked as a farm hand, then bought a small farm, and about 1850 opened a stock of groceries in the cowl-try two miles west of Waynesfield. In 1856 he went out to the new State of Iowa, where he taught school for a couple of years, returning to Auglaize County in 1858. In 1860 he and two brothers engaged in the sawmill business at Waynesfield, and they continued their partnership until 1870, when he sold his interests to his brothers. After that he was one of Waynesfield's merchants until 1895, when failing health compelled him to retire. After that he did some clerical work and he also served as justice of the peace. He was a man of excellent education, and stood very high in the ,community. He was a republican and his wife was a member of the Methodist Protestant Church. They had a large family of fourteen children, ten of whom are still living. The oldest of the children died in 1880. Mr John R. Bennett is nor the oldest of those living. Record of the others is as follows. Amos S., a carpenter at Lima, Ohio; Enos B., who lives at Toledo and is inside finisher; Diantha, widow of William Doty and living at Waynesfield ; Fernando D., of Waynesfield ; Mary C., wife of William Perry, a jeweler and farmer at New Hampshire, Ohio; George B., who is mayor of Waynesfield and proprietor of a garage; Stephen A., a druggist at Waynesfield ; Calista M., wife of W. E. Bush, a painter at Waynesfield ; and W. T. S. Bennett, a carpenter and contractor at Waynesfield. Thus nearly all the children still reside about the old home town, and as a family they have been one of the most useful and respected in this county. John R. Bennett as a boy attended the district schools and the public schools at Waynesfield. For several years he was employed in his father's mill, but when nineteen years of age, in 1864, he volunteered his services in the Union army, entering Company A of the One Hundred and Eightieth Ohio Regiment. He was in service for twelve months, and took part in some of the concluding campaigns and was a participant in one battle, at Kingston, North Carolina. He was a corporal when discharged. After the war he returned to his work in the mill, followed the carpenter's trade a year, then leased the old mill, and in 1873 bought the property, which he continued to run with success until 1914, when the supply of local timber having been practically exhausted, it was deemed best to discontinue its operations. Under his management the enterprise was successful, and gave him the means to provide for his home and his family. In 1873 Mr. Bennett married Rebecca J. Bennett, a daughter of John G. Bennett, who Was also an early settler in Auglaize County, for many years was a merchant and farmer, lived for a time in Urbana, but returning to Waynesfield, conducted a hotel in that village until his death. Mr. and Mrs. Bennett had two children: Maude M. and Ada M. Ada, who was one of the first graduates of the Waynesfield High School, married for her first husband L. F. Hoon, who died in 1904, and she' is now the wife of R. Y. Skinner, a clothing merchant at Waynesfield. The family are members of the Methodist Protestant Church. Mr. Bennett is a Mason and he and his wife and children belong to the Order of Eastern Star, having become charter members in that organization when it was established in 1907. Mrs. Bennett was the first worthy matron, and Mrs. Skinner has been secretary of the chapter since it was organized. Mr. Bennett has filled chairs both in the lodge. and the Eastern Star. He was also one of the original members of the Grand Army Post at Waynesfield and was its first commander. Politically he is a republican, has served as village trustee, was for six years mayor of Waynesfield, and for twenty-seven years a member of the board of education. For eight years he was on the board of supervisors of election in Auglaize County. While now practically retired from business, Mr. Bennett has a farm of fifty-seven acres near Waynesfield, and he also owns considerable town property, and this gives him employment for his declining years. ALBERT WARREN CLUTTER. For more than thirty years Albert W. Clutter has been one of the popular and progressive citizens of Ada, and the confidence the community feels in his integrity and public spirit is illustrated by his present position as mayor of the city. He was born in Allen County, Ohio, August 22. 1862, a son of D. W. and Mary Ellen (Wollet) Clutter. Both parents were natives of Ohio and his father was for many years a suCcessful farmer in Allen County. He served as trustee of Bath Township in that county for many years, filled the, office of constable, assessor and member of the board of education, and always stood successfully the tests imposed upon good citizenship. Albert W. Clutter received a public school education and also attended what is now the Ohio Northern University at Ada. He began 816 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO his permanent residence at Ada on October 5, 1883, and at that time set up in business as photographer, a profession he had followed steadily for thirty years. In his studio the representatives of more than a generation of people in this section of Hardin County have had their photographic work done, and he is the old and reliable photographer of that community. Mr. Clutter was elected mayor of Ada in 1915, and is now serving his two-year term with credit to himself and with benefit to the community. He is a democrat, and is a charter member of Lodge No. 241 of the .Knights of Pythias, which he has served as chancellor commander, was its first master at arms and has also represented at the grand lodge. He was a member of the board of directors of the Tri-County Fair Association, and is a member of the Sons of Veterans, his father having served in the Union army in the Seventy-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry. On October 28, 1885, Mr. Clutter married Lenna E.- Gilbert of Ada, whose father, M. V. Gilbert, was also a photographer by profession and was an old soldier, having served in the Fifty-fourth Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Mr. and Mrs. Clutter have four children : D. Van Buren is now agent for the Ohio Electric Railway at Convoy, Ohio, and married Mary Lewis of that town. a Vondale is the wife of C. E. Stunn, who is associated with Mr. Clutter in the photograph business at Ada, and they have a son named Robert P. Alberto Brice and Guillermo Park are twins, and are both students in the Ohio Northern University. The former married Hazel Parrott, of Lima., Ohio, and the latter married Tressie Fisher, also of Lima, Ohio, both having the distinction of being married by their father. THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF DUNKIRK represents not only a splendid aggregate of financial resources but also through the personnel of its officers and directors some of the strongest elements in the local citizenship of that community. The bank was organized February 4, 1903, with a capital stock of $25,000. The first officers were S. A. Hagerman, president ; B. L. Larimer, vice president ; M. A. Boyer, cashier. The officers for 1917 are : S. A. Hagerman, president ; B. L. Larimer, vice president; Charles L. Fulks, cashier ; and R. R. McElroy, assistant cashier. The other directors are Hamilton Dirmeyer, James D. Lydick and C. M. Jones. At the beginning of the business year in 19.17 the bank showed an aggregate of resources amounting to nearly $286,000. The capital stock is still retained at $25,000, but surplus and undivided profits amount to $14,000. A. good index of the bank's standing is the deposits, which amount to over $220,000. The bank has' excellent quarters in a two-story pressed brick building, the upper floor being used for offices while the banking room and its equipment occupy space 20 by 80 feet. Charles Leslie Fulks, cashier of the First National Bank of Dunkirk, has been actively identified with business affairs in that community for more than fifteen years, and is one of (the well known bankers of Hardin County. He was born at Wakatomika in Coshocton County, Ohio, June 15, 1870, son of George W. and Eleanor (Graham) Fulks. His father was a substantial Coshocton County farmer. The son received his education in the public schools and also as a student at Antioch College. His first important business experience was as traveling salesman, a line he followed for three years, and from 7.893 to 1899 he engaged in farming. Thus he has a varied knowledge of people in different walks of life and his own success has been built from the ground up. From December, 1899, to September, 1903, Mr. Fulks was bookkeeper in the Woodruff Bank at Dunkirk, and in 1904 became cashier of the First National Bank, an office he has filled for the past twelve years. He has also been active in local affairs, has served as town councilman, as a member of the school board, and is now treasurer of Blanchard Township. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Masonic order and is a member of the board of trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church. On January 2, 1894, he married Miss Alice L. Howell of Trinway, Ohio. Their five children are named Miriam E., Mark H., Mary M., James K., and Louisa. RALPH R. MCELROY is a young business man of Dunkirk and now serving as assistant cashier of the First National Bank. He was born in Plymouth, Marshall County, Indiana, June 6, 1890, son of William O. and Elizabeth (Patterson) McElroy. His parents were farmers and moved to Hardin County, Ohio, in 1895. Mr. McElroy grew up in Hardin County, attended the public schools and also the Ohio HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 817 Northern University at Ada. He had his first business experience with the First National Bank in Dunkirk as bookkeeper, and since 1912 has been assistant cashier. He is a member of the Masonic order. For the past three years he has been village clerk. On December 23, 1915, Mr. McElroy married 011ie Lease of Dunkirk. J. R. CORDREY. Among the men of Auglaize County who have contributed to their community's welfare as incumbents of official position, one who has been continuously in the public service for many years is J. R. Cordrey, postmaster and justice of the peace of New Hampshire. During a long period Mr. Cordrey was engaged in agricultural pursuits, but for some years now he has lived in retirement and his whole attention is given to the duties of office. J. R. Cordrey was born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, January 30, 1855, and is a son of Riley and Mary A. (Smetts) Cordrey. The Cordrey family is of French origin, and the great-grandfather of J. R. Cordrey, Charles Cordrey, fought as a soldier of the Continental line from New Jersey, in the Revolutionary war. His son, Nathan Cordrey, a native of Pennsylvania, founded the family in Ohio in 1798, when he took up land from the United States Government in Tuscarawas County, and there passed the remainder of his life in the pursuits of agriculture. He was married in Pennsylvania to Dorcas O'Brien, and the day after their marriage they set out on horseback for their new home in Ohio. The maternal grandfather of J. R. Cordrey, John Smetts was born in Germany, came to the United States as a young man, and served on the flagship of Commodore Perry in the War of 1812. Riley Cordrey, the father of J. R., was born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, in 1812, and when he started life was in modest circumstances. As a youth he learned the trade of wagonmaking, which he followed as a vocation at Shanesville and New Philadelphia, but later turned his attention to farming, and through industry and perseverance made a success of his operations, and when he died, in 1889, was the possessor of 270 acres of good land. When he offered his services to the Union during the Civil war they were accepted, and for 114 years he served in the quartermaster's department. Both he and his wife were members of the Baptist Church, in which he served as senior deacon. A republican in politics, he was elected to several local positions, including that of township trustee, and in numerous ways showed his public spirit. Mr. Cordrey was married at New Philadelphia, Ohio, to Mrs. Mary A. (Smetts) Scullin, the widow of Henry Scullin. Four of the sons of her first marriage fought as soldiers of the Union during the Civil war, namely: Davis D., who was with Company D, Eighteenth United States Infantry, as lieutenant; Jacob, who was a private of Company B, Sixtieth Regiment, -Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was killed at the Battle of the Wilderness ; Alvy and Jerry S., a private of Company A, Fifty-first Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Mrs. Cordrey was born in 1824, in Summit County, Ohio, and died in 1889. She and Mr. Cordrey were the parents of eight children, of whom six are now living : J. R., of this notice ; Alice, who married Sylvester Stocker, a farmer of Auglaize County; N. E., a stationary engineer of Lorain, Ohio ; Araminta, who is the wife of G. H. Morrow, a greengrocer of Marion, Ohio; Olive, who is the wife of John Carpenter, a Logan County (Ohio) farmer; and Iriea, who is the wife of Gilford Coolidge, a farmer of Auglaize County. J. R. Cordrey received his education in the district schools of Tuscarawas County and as a youth followed the vocation of farming. Subsequently he became a state examiner in the state auditor's department, a position which he retained for five years, and was later made treasurer of Goshen Township, holding this office for the long period of eighteen years. He also acted in the capacity of deputy supervisor of elections. In connection with these offices; Mr. Cordrey also carried on his farming pursuits, but some years ago retired from the operations of the soil, and since then has lived in comfortable retirement, having accumulated a competency through his years of hard and well-directed labor. Mr. Cordrey became justice of the peace some years ago, and still retains this office, discharging its duties in conjunction with those of postmaster, to which position he was appointed in 1911. He is a conscientious and energetic official and is giving the people of his thriving little community good service in the postmastership. In political affairs Mr. Cordrey is a republican, and fraternally is affiliated with the Masonic Blue Lodge at Waynesfield, Ohio. With his family he belongs to the Baptist Church. Mr. Cordrey was married in 1879. to Miss 818 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST Sarah J. Cummins, who was born in Logan County, 01 io, a daughter of Joseph Cummins, a farmer of that county. They have two sons : Bernard A., who is in the employ of the East Iron Company, at Lima,, Ohio ; and Harry E., who is attending the Lima Business College as a student. IRVIN WOODRUFF. In the death of Irvin Woodruff on July 10, 1913, the community of Dunkirk mourned the passing of one of its most useful, most kindly, and ablest citizens. A son of the late John and Cordelia Woodruff, Irvin was born in Hancock County, Ohio, February 14, 1865, and at the time of his death was forty-eight years, four months, and twenty-six days of age. Though his life was comparatively brief, he filled every year with useful accomplishment and proved himself a man of distinction, and it is said that no one ever came to him for advice, for counsel, for help, for encouragement and was turned away disappointed. He had a public school education, and was thoroughly trained for a career of usefulness in the schoolroom, on his father's farm, in the store at Dunkirk, and could always meet an emergency and solve all problems that came to him in the span of his existence. For a number of years 'he was associated with his father in the management of the general store at Dunkirk, succeeded his brother, Byron Woodruff, as cashier of Woodruff's Bank, Was cashier of the Woodruff National Bank at its organization in 1903, and in January, 1911, succeeded' to the presidency following the death of his honored father. At the time of his death he was also a member of the city council, had served as treasurer of the Village of Dunkirk and as member of the school board, and his public spirit was as reliable as were his commercial promises. At an early age he joined the United Brethren Church and was devoted to church and home throughout his life. He gave freely of his means, and more than that he made his service count for something in the church of his choice. He served as treasurer of the church for a number of years, and at one time was superintendent of its. Sunday school. A little family circle and a broad circle of friends and associates mourned his death. On December 14, 1887, Irvin Woodruff married Louie Helms. They became the parents of two children. The daughter Blanche N. is now the wife of Chester R. Roby, a well known merchant of Dunkirk. The second daughter, Marie, is still at home and attending school. DEWILTON ADOLPHUS KRAEMER. On his experience and activities as a newspaper man and editor Mr. Kraemer is well content to rest his case as a responsible and public spirited citizen of Northwest Ohio. He has spent his life at Oak Harbor, has been in the newspaper game since boyhood, and while looking after his own and his family interests as every citizen should do he has constantly manifested a. public spirited attitude toward his home town and Ottawa County and in many ways has helped to boost its welfare both personally and through his newspaper. Mr. Kraemer was born at Oak Harbor May 13, 1872. His father is Judge J. H. Kraemer. His grandfather, A. Kraemer, was one of Ottawa County's best known pioneer settlers and was especially interested in the uplift of the community. He gave the land upon which most of Oak Harbor's churches are now standing. Judge J. H. Kraemer was born at Oak Harbor March 18., 1845, and is especially well remembered through his two terms of service as mayor of Oak Harbor and two terms as probate judge of Ottawa County. He was married January 1, 1869, to Miss Lottie Earl, a native of Cleveland. Mr. D. A. Kraemer grew up at Oak Harbor and was graduated from the high school in June, 1891. His early environment was his father's farm, but at the age of twelve years he went into the Exponent office at Oak Harbor and was employed there both before and after school every day until he completed his high school course. He then assumed a more active interest in the Exponent and for many years has been its proprietor and editor. Mr. Kraemer has never sought a public office and has looked upon his newspaper as his chief medium of public service. He is somewhat active in the Oak Harbor Business Men's Association, is a democrat and a member of the Knights of Pythias, the Masonic order, and has attained the Royal Arch degrees in the latter. At Oak Harbor, on August 14, 1906, Mr. Kraemer married Miss Kathryn A. Buck. Mrs. Kraemer was born in Carroll Township of Ottawa County March 1, 1882, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. D. Buck, who, when she was an infant, removed to Oak Harbor, but now reside in Flint, Michigan. Mrs. Kraemer was reared and educated at Oak Harbor and is a graduate of the high school. They have HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 819 two children : Bryan Dudley Kraemer, born October 30, 1909; and Jean Louise Kraemer, born July 10, 1910. J. E. HATTERY, M. D. With an experience of more than thirty years in the medical profession, Doctor Hattery has spent twenty-three of those years in practice at Celina. His position as a citizen and business man is as secure as his reputation as a successful and competent physician and surgeon. A native of Northwest Ohio, he was born in Van Wert, July 25, 1857, a son of Josiah and Elizabeth (Ritter) Hattery. His father, a native of Virginia, was reared in that state to young manhood and then removed to Carrollton, Carroll County, Ohio. He learned the trade of cabinet maker and while working at that occupation married Elizabeth Ritter, who was born in Columbiana County, Ohio. After four years at Carrollton Josiah and wife removed to Van Wert, where he entered a partnership with John Penn in the cabinet making business. That was his regular trade for a number of years until failing health obliged him to give it up and retire to a farm south of Van Wert, where he spent the rest of his days. He was a republican, though never active in politics, and was a charter member of the Presbyterian Church of Van Wert. One of a family of six children, four of whom are now living, Doctor Hattery grew up in a good home, though his family were not people of wealth. He has pushed himself by his own energy and wise planning into a career of usefulness. After his education in the country schools of Van Wert County, he took a course in the Valparaiso Normal in Indiana, and for' five years was a teacher in district schools. Some of the earnings from that occupation enabled him to carry 'out his plans for a medical education. He began the study of medicine in Starling Medical College at Columbus, from which he graduated M. D. in 1884. From the date of his graduation until 1893 Doctor Hattery was in active practice at Elgin in Van Wert County, and in the latter year removed to Celina, where larger opportunities have awaited his experience and growing reputation, and he is now not only one of the oldest but one of the most successful physicians of this locality. 'In 1886 Doctor Hattery interrupted his private practice to take a course in the New York Post-Graduate School, and has always been a student and close observer of advances made in medical science. He is an active member of the Mercer County, the Northwestern and the Ohio State Medical societies and the American Medical Association. On November 25, 1886, Doctor Hattery married Mary A. Nichols, a daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Dillon) Nichols. Mrs. Hattery was born and reared on a farm in Mercer County, Ohio. To their marriage have been born five children, all of whom are living, and the accomplishments and attainments of these children can only be a matter of pride to Doctor and Mrs. Hattery. The oldest child, Dr. John S., is a .graduate of the Ohio State Medical College, and is now in successful practice at Mansfield, Ohio. Florence A., who completed her education in Wooster University, is still at home. Leonora B., who finished her schooling in Wooster University, is the wife of Clarence L. Allis of Wooster, Ohio. Russell R. attended the University of Michigan one' year and the Ohio State University one year, and is now connected with the First National Bank of Celina. 'Sidney Dillon is a graduate of the Celina High School, spent some time in the Ohio State University and is now a student in the University of Chicago. Doctor Hattery is vice president of the First National Bank of Celina. He has served as president of the Celina School Board about three years and has been president of the board of education of Mercer County for the past three years. He was elected to that office for five years and has served as president of the board since assuming the duties of the office. In politics he is a republican and is prominent in_ Masonry, being affiliated with Celina Lodge No. 341, Free and Accepted Masons ; Celina Chapter No. 120, Royal Arch Masons, of which he is past high priest ; Van Wert Council, Royal and Select Masters; Ivanhoe Commandery Knights Templar; the thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Consistory at 'Cincinnati, and the Mystic Shrine. W. A. LIESER, M. D. When Doctor Lieser located at and began practice at Fort Recovery on June 4, 1915, he brought to the work of his noble profession a splendid training and preparatory experience and also that vitality and vigor which comes from a wholesome environment as a youth and from sound family stock. He was born in Granville Township of Mercer County, Ohio, November 15, 1884. He is a son of Frederick and Mary (Eggler) When his father was seven years of age he came with his parents from Bavaria, Ger- 820 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO many, to the United. States. The grandparents located at Newcomerstown in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, being farmers there, and the grandfather also a cooper by trade. Frederick Lieser grew to manhood in that locality, and was married there also. His wife was born in Canton, Ohio, her parents also having come from Germany. When she was eleven or twelve years of age Mary Eggler was taken to. Newcomerstown in Tuscarawas County, where she lived until her marriage in the spring of 1861 to Frederick Lieser. Frederick Lieser and wife in 1882 came to Mercer County, Ohio, and after renting land for a time bought forty acres and . eventually added to that thirty-six acres more, this still constituting the Lieser homestead and owned by members of the family, Frederick Lieser died March 29, 1906. His widow is still living in venerable years, enjoying the love and affection of a large number of descendants. Her family is in many respects a remarkable one. She was the mother of thirteen children, ten of whom are still living, and her children's children numbered more than seventy, while she has been a great-grandmother five times. The children are briefly mentioned as follows : Valentine, who died when four weeks old ; Philip, who died at the age of five years; Catherine, wife of Patrick Reedy of Darke County Ohio ; Mary, wife of John Breig of Dayton ; Elizabeth," wife of Peter J. Schmitz of Mercer County; Charles F., a farmer in this state.; Margaret, wife of Peter Rammell of Mercer County ; Martha, wife of Englebert Schmitz of Dayton ; Anna, wife of William Kemper of Dayton ; John. P., a teacher in Mercer County; Caroline, wife of B. J. Huelsman of Mercer County ; Dr. W. A. Lieser ; and Lawrence, who died when four years of age. The parents also reared from the age of four years a boy named Edward Kaner, who was brought from New York State, and he is now living at Dayton and goes by the name of Edward Lieser. The late Frederick Lieser was an active democrat in politics, and a man of influence in his locality though not a seeker for office. He was also prominent in the Catholic Church. Doctor Lieser spent his early life on the home farm. He attended district schools, and at the age of sixteen entered St. Joseph's College at Rensselaer, Indiana, where he was graduated in the normal course in 1904. Following that for six years he taught. He spent one year in the common schools of Seneca County, and five years at St. Henrys, Ohio, two of them being spent in the high school work. During his school vacations he read medicine part of the time under Dr. J. A. Shirack. He finally entered the Medical College of Cincinnati, from which he received his M. D. degree in 1914. Before taking up active practice Doctor Lieser had the benefit of varied work and experience as an interne. For three months he was an interne in Blackwell's Island Hospital in New York Harbor; and he spent ten .months as an interne in St. Elizabeth's Hospital in Dayton, Ohio. With this as the groundwork of his professional career he came to Fort Recovery, and has already built up a very promising business. On June 17, 1914, Doctor Lieser married Miss Dora M. Shirack. She is a daughter of Dr. J. A. Shirack of St. Henrys, Ohio, under whom Doctor Lieser obtained his early instruction in medicine. They have one son, William A., Jr., born July 29, 1915. Doctor Lieser is an active member of the Mercer County Medical Society, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. He and his family attend the Catholic Church. at Fort Recovery, and he is affiliated with Council No. 1800 of the Knights of Columbus at Celina, the Catholic Knights of America at Fort Recovery, and politically he is a democrat. EMMETT J. JACKSON was the first judge of the Criminal Court of the City of Lima, a position he still holds.. He inaugurated the machinery of justice in that court, and the establishment of the court has largely justified itself in the eyes of good citizens by the capable way Judge Jackson has discharged his duties. Judge Jackson is one of the younger members of the Lima bar and is a native of the city. He was born October 11, 1885, a son of J. P. and Cora Estella (Marshall) Jackson. His grandfather, William Jackson, was a native of Kentucky, went as an early settler to Hardin County, Ohio, bought land and followed farming. He also served about a year as a soldier in the One Hundred and Sixth Ohio Infantry during the Civil war. Judge Jackson's maternal grandfather was Samuel Marshall, a native of Pennsylvania, who came to Ohio, and at the time of his death was the oldest man in the service of the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railway Company. Judge Jackson's parents are still living at Lima, where they were married. His father was born at Ada, Ohio, in 1853, and his HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 821 mother was a native of Gallion. J. P. Jackson came to Lima at the age of eleven, was educated in the district schools, and began life as a railroad man, a vocation he followed for thirty-eight years. He .is now credit man for the Lima Truck & Storage Company. He is secretary of the Brotherhood of Railway Conductors and is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In politics he is a democrat, and he and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. They had four children : Estella, wife of C. H. Shappell, owner and active head of the Shappell Oil Products Company at Lima; Walter Scott, a well known Lima attorney and former city solicitor; Pearl Mae, who is a member of the Episcopal Church but is now soloist for the Christian Science Church at Lima; and Emmett J. Emmett J. Jackson graduated from the Lima High School in 1905. For two years he was a student in Kenyon College at Gambier, and in 1911 graduated from the law department of the Western Reserve University at Cleveland. Returning to Lima, he took up active practice, at first' with Judge Kent W. Hughes and then was associated with Barr & Jackson, the second member of the firm being his brother, Walter S. From his private practice he was elevated to his present position as the first judge of the Criminal Court of the City of Lima on November 2, 1915. Judge Jackson was married June 19, 1916, to Florence Jane Morrison. She is a native of Lima, and her father, Thomas Morrison, is a retired oil producer, who came to Lima as a blacksmith and has had a very successful business career. Judge Jackson is a member of the Episcopal Church but his wife is a Presbyterian. He is a Knight Templar Mason and a Scottish Rite Mason, is affiliated with Lodge No. 54, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Politically he is a democrat. Judge Jackson is first sergeant of Company C, Sec ond Regiment, Ohio National Guard, and only recently returned from his service on the Mexican border. He belongs to the Delta Tau Delta college fraternity and the Phi Delta Phi legal fraternity. CHARLES THOMPSON. One of the oldest native sons of Fremont is Charles Thompson, who for over half a century has been closely identified with the business life of that city. Vol. II -11 He has built up and developed an industry which employs many men and much capital and sends its products all over the country. Mr. Thompson was born. at Lower Sandusky, now called Fremont, April 12, 1839. His parents were Samuel and Martha (Wilson) Thompson. His father was born in Johnstown, New York State, in 1794, and his mother in Columbus, Ohio, in 1802. His father died in 1870 and the mother died in 1887. His father, a farmer by occupation, moved to Sandusky County in 1837, and in later years lived retired in Fremont. He had seen active service in the War of 1812, and was wounded at the of Lundys Lane. He was reared an Episcopalian and always remained faithful to that church, while . his wife was a Presbyterian. Of their seven children the three now living are : Cyrus, a retired resident of Bowling Green, Ohio ; Charles ; and John P., living retired at Fremont. Charles Thompson grew up at Fremont and attended the common schools which comprised that town's educational facilities during the ,'40s and early '50s. His business experience has been varied. He spent much of his early youth on a farm, was also a brick maker and learned the tinner's trade. At the outbreak of the Civil war, leaving his business, he enlisted as a private in Company F of the Eighth Ohio Infantry, and was in service until his term expired. Later in the war he was elected captain of Company F, One Hundred and Sixty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. With the close of hostilities he returned to Fremont and again took charge of the hardware business. In 1881 Mr. Thompson established The Herbrand Company, a drop forging business for the manufacture of drop forgings and wrenches. The business has grown and prospered. The product is shipped all over the United States and vast quantities to England. Mr. Thompson is president of the company and has devoted his chief time and attention to its management for over thirty-five years. In 1873 he married Mary I. Fuller. Mrs. Thompson was a native of New York State and died in Fremont June 19, 1916, after more than forty-three years of married life. She was an active member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson had four children, but the only one now living is a son Creighton Fuller Thompson. After leaving high school he began work in his father's shop and is now vice president and general 822 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO manager of The Herbrand Company. By his marriage to Lucy McGormly he has one daughter, Mary Fuller Thompson. Mr. Thompson is affiliated with the Masonic Lodge and with the Benevolent and Protective Order Of Elks.. In politics he is a republican. REV. FREDERICK G. RUPERT. When the original St. Rose's Catholic Parish at Lima was divided and St. John's Church established, the first pastor of the new congregation was Rev. F. G. Rupert, who began his labors there June 30, 1901. He had active leadership and supervision in the organization of the parish and the building of the first church edifice. The cornerstone of the church was laid September 8, 1901, by Rt. Rev. J. F. Horstman, bishop of Cleveland. The first services were held in the new building in November of the same year, and on December 15th the church and school were dedicated. Father Rupert proved himself a vigorous executive while at Lima, and all the activities of the parish prospered and flourished. Father Rupert is a scholar and has always been highly esteemed by all classes in every, community where he has lived. In June, 1907, Father Rupert left Lima to take charge as pastor of the Church of St. Joseph at Fremont, Ohio, where he built the school and sisters' residence. On February 4, 1910, he came to Delphos, where he succeeded as rector of St. John Evangelist Church- the venerable Father Hoeffel, who died September 5, 1909. The Catholic Church at Delphos had its beginning in 1844. Its founder was Rev. John Otto Bredeick, who at his own expense built a 1 1/2-story log house that served both as a chapel and as a residence for himself. Three years later he enlarged the chapel for temporary purposes as a church and it also served as the town's first schoolhouse. The old building on Main Street was destroyed in 1872, and thus passed away an interesting landmark of the village. Father Bredeick was local pastor until his death in August, 1858, and for the first eleven years had served the congregation without any salary. He was succeeded by Rev. F. Westerholt, and' after he went to Cleveland the church was served largely by appointment until February 2, 1868, when Rev. Aloysius. I. Hoeffel took charge. For fully forty years Father Hoeffel directed the various Catholic: activities at Delphos, and was one of the best beloved priests of NorthWest Ohio. He had the spiritual qualities that are invaluable to the priest and also had extraordinary executive ability, so that his parish prospered materially as well as spiritually. In a few years the parish property included a large residence for the Sisters of St. Francis, a three-story brick school, and ample grounds. On June 15, 1879, the cornerstone of the new Catholic Church was laid by Bishop Gilmour, and the building was completed and dedicated January 16, 1881, at a cost which was estimated at upwards of $80,000. It was at the time one of the largest and handsomest church edifices in Northwest Ohio. In 1889 a new sisters' school was built. Father Hoeffel was born in Loraine, France, May 14, 1832, and was educated partly in Belgium. and partly in France, and in 1854 came to America where he completed his education in St. Mary's Theological Seminary and was ordained a priest in 1858. He at once took up his work as a pioneer missionary in Ohio, and during the next ten years traveled extensively over a number of the counties included in Northwest Ohio. From 1868 until his death he devoted himself untiringly to the upbuilding and all the varied interests of the Church of St. John the Evangelist at Delphos. In 1894, on the fiftieth anniversary of the church, he presented it with a beautiful. chime of bells. On account of his long service he came to be known affectionately as the "Good Shepherd" of the parish. When Father Rupert took charge of the parish at Delphos he continued the vigorous constructive work which had marked his pastorate at Lima. In 1910-11 he built a new school, a fireproof building of concrete, stone and brick, 164 by 94 feet, and 21/2 stories, sufficient for the accommodation of 490 pupils. This school is now in a flourishing condition, has eleven teachers, while the parish has a membership of 2,562. The school alone cost $106,000. MAX H. FALK. While there is no better known business man or more popular citizen of Lima than Max H. Falk, it is noteworthy that he began his career in the ranks of the humblest workers. He has made his success by a constant hustle and well directed endeavor. Whether working for himself or others, he never allowed time to be wasted. His first employment was as clerk in a drug store. Later he worked as a bookbinder. At one time his wages were only $2 a week. With only $5 to his name he started west and went HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO - 823 to Atchison, Kansas, where he was employed as bookkeeper in a plumbing establishment. He afterward returned to Cincinnati, and became an operator in a shoe factory. He also worked Saturdays as helper in a clothing store, and finally took a steady- position with a clothing house, where he remained until 1904. In that year Mr. Falk identified himself with the City of Lima and opened the local store of the Eilerman Clothing Company. As a partner he conducted that business most successfully. In 1915 this firm erected its large three-story building, and when the new stock of goods was installed Mr. Falk was general manager of the business. More recently he has become general manager of the Allen County Mausoleum Company, operating under the patents of the American Mausoleum & Construction Company. This company has erected mausoleums at various points in Ohio, Indiana and Pennsylvania. Only recently they undertook a contract with the Calvary Cemetery of Toledo to build a mausoleum at a cost of $180,000. This is one of the largest and finest structures of its type ever undertaken in this country. It will contain crypts for the reception of approximately 850 bodies, and will also contain a mortuary chapel 60 by 36 feet. The exterior of the mausoleum. is to be of granite, while the interior walls and floor are of polished marble and all metal parts are bronze. Mr. Falk has at various times been actively interested in several of Lima's enterprises. He was born in Wisconsin, September. 10, 1869, a son of Engelbert and Mary Ann (Uppena) Falk. His grandfather, Henry J. Falk, came from Germany in the early days, was a farmer, and died at Atchison, Kansas. The maternal grandfather, Henry Uppena, was a Wisconsin farmer and died at Rockville in that state. Mr. Falk's father, Engelbert Falk, was born in Germany, came to the United States at the age of eleven years with his parents, and he died in 1912. He was liberally educated, having attended the Milwaukee Seminary and College and had begun his training in German schools. For thirty-five years he was a teacher, and during all his active work in that profession he never lost a single day from his duties. He was a man of broad and cultured mind and of versatile talents. For a number of years he was principal of the Catholic school at Newport, Kentucky, and also served as organist at St. Stephen's Church there. His death occurred in Newport. He was married at Watertown, Wisconsin, to Miss Uppena, who was a native of Ireland and is still living. She also taught school for several years. The parents were very active members of the Catholic Church, and the father was a democrat in politics. They became the parents of eight children, and of the seven still living Max is the oldest. Josephine is in, the woman's outfitting business at Los Angeles, California. Anna is in the dry goods business at Newport, Kentucky. Regina is the wife of August Eilerman, owner of the chain of clothing stores at Newport, Covington, Kentucky, and Lima. Frances is associated with her sister in the dry goods business at Newport. Justina is still at home with her mother in Newport. Frank is a grocer at Newport. Max H. Falk had the equivalent of a liberal education gained largely under the tuition and direction of his father and also in other schools. On January 13, 1891, he married Miss Elizabeth Frye. Mrs. Falk was born in Newport, Kentucky, daughter of Fred Frye, a tailor. Mr. and Mrs. Falk have seven children : Max, Jr., who was educated by his grandfather, graduated from St John's High School at. Lima, and also took many courses in music, is a tenor soloist whose work has been widely appreciated, and he had the distinction of winning the first prize in the competitive contest at Delphos, Ohio. Bertha, who was educated in St. John's High School at Lima, is both a pianist and vocalist, and in a contest at Lima, where twenty-eight were in competition, she took first prize. Herman has been educated at Lima, and at present is taking a course in architecture, which he has chosen as his profession. Ambrose is a graduate of St. John's High School and is now sporting editor of the Times-Democrat of Lima. August and Elizabeth are both in school, while the youngest is Mary Magdaline, three years of age. Mr. Falk and his family are members of St. John's Catholic Church. He is leader of the choir and very active in church and musical societies. He belongs to the Orin Maennerchor, is affiliated with the Knights of Columbus, the Catholic Order of Foresters, in which he has passed the various chairs. has also gained the honors of the Knights: of St. John and is affiliated with Lodge No. 54 of the Elks and with the Loyal Order of Moose. Politically Mr. Falk is a democrat and one of the prominent men of his party and while 824 - HISTORY OF NORTHWEST OHIO living in Kentucky he served on the executive committee for twelve years. HENRY SYNCK. Some of the most important successes in the world of affairs are made by men who developed a special talent manifested in early youth. A genius for machinery and mechanics of all kinds was the prevailing trait of the youth of Mr. Henry Synck, and by training and experience. he has become an important factor in industrial affairs in Mercer County. He is now active manager of the manufacturing department of the New Idea Spreader Company of Goldwater. He was born on a farm in Mercer County, July 30, 1878, a son of John and Catherine (Witte) Synck, both of whom are still living. Reared on a farm, he obtained an education in the local schools, And had all the experiences common to Ohio farm boys. From a very early age he evinced a special inclination for the handling of tools and a more than ordinary aptitude for the operation of machinery. He made his book education count for something in advancing his mechanical skill, and to a large degree he is self educated. After leaving the farm his first employment was in the machine shop of Kramer Brothers, and there, while his wages were span, he secured experience which has proved invaluable to him in later years. In 1899 he entered the employ of Mr. Joseph Oppenheim at Maria Stein, and gradually familiarized himself with the technique of the. business until he became one of the heads of the New Idea Spreader Company. This is one of the leading industries of Ohio, and the plant at present manufactures between forty and sixty spreaders every day, on the average one being turned out every fifteen minutes. Mr. Synck married Wilhelmina Oppenheim, a daughter of Joseph Oppenheim, of whom a sketch and portrait are found on another page of this work. Mrs. Synck is also one of the stockholders in the company. They are the parents of three children : Mary, Adolph and Sophie. The family are active members of the Catholic Church, and. they reside in one of the finest homes at Coldwater. ELMER D. WEBB, president and general manager of the Elmer D. Webb Company, general insurance and real estate, has built up this concern from the beginning until it is now a $100,000 corporation and is one of the largest real estate exchanges in Northwest Ohio. His has been a career in which the dominant fact making for success from first to last has been his individual hard work and energy. Mr. Webb was born on a farm in Union County, Ohio, April 15, 1876. His father, Isaac Webb, who died in 1901, was a Union soldier, a member of the Seventeenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and by efficiency and fidelity rose from the ranks to gain the shoulder straps of an officer. Aside from his military service he spent his life as a farmer in Union County. He married Rebecca Elizabeth Ballinger, and they were the parents of six children. Elmer D. Webb passed his early life on his father's farm in Union County, and while there had only the advantages of the public schools. He afterwards took a course in the Delaware Business College. His first business experience was as a traveling man for a crockery firm. In 1896 he was made assistant superintendent of the local office at Fort Wayne of the Prudential Life Insurance Company. From this first introduction he found himself in a congenial field and has handled insurance now for over twenty years. In 1898 he came to Lima. He was then twenty-two years of age, practically unknown, and by sheer energy and the force of his personality had to build up a business as special agent for the Union Central Life Insurance Company of Cincinnati. Gradually he broadened his field of effort into the general insurance business, and also took up real estate. Some years ago Mr. Webb became financially interested in oil productions as a member .of the National Oil Company and the Surety Oil Company, operating in the oil fields of Ohio and Indiana. His interests in this business proved profitable. In 1911 his growing business was incorporated under the name given above. The company maintains large offices on the ground floor of the building at No. 56 Public Square, and Mr, Webb is owner of a majority of the company's stock. He deals not only in local real estate, but also handles lands and other property in other states, and he also writes fire, life, accident, casualty and other lines of general insurance. In 1903 Mr. Webb married Miss Margaret Ballinger. Her father, Rev. A. W. Ballinger, was a. minister of the United Brethren Church and was formerly identified with churches at Toledo and Findlay. Outside of business affairs Mr. Webb has two hobbies. One is the Chamber of Com-